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Zhang A, Meecham-Garcia G, Nguyen Hong C, Xie P, Kern CC, Zhang B, Chapman H, Gems D. Characterization of Effects of mTOR Inhibitors on Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae196. [PMID: 39150882 PMCID: PMC11374883 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway with rapamycin can extend lifespan in several organisms. Although this includes the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, effects in this species are relatively weak and sometimes difficult to reproduce. Here we test effects of drug dosage and timing of delivery to establish the upper limits of its capacity to extend life, and investigate drug effects on age-related pathology and causes of mortality. Liposome-mediated rapamycin treatment throughout adulthood showed a dose-dependent effect, causing a maximal 21.9% increase in mean lifespan, but shortening of lifespan at the highest dose, suggesting drug toxicity. Rapamycin treatment of larvae delayed development, weakly reduced fertility and modestly extended lifespan. By contrast, treatment initiated later in life robustly increased lifespan, even from Day 16 (or ~70 years in human terms). The rapalog temsirolimus extended lifespan similarly to rapamycin, but effects of everolimus were weaker. As in mouse, rapamycin had mixed effects on age-related pathologies, inhibiting one (uterine tumor growth) but not several others, suggesting a segmental antigeroid effect. These findings should usefully inform future experimental studies with rapamycin and rapalogs in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihan Zhang
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gadea Meecham-Garcia
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chiminh Nguyen Hong
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peiyun Xie
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carina C Kern
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bruce Zhang
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Chapman
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Guzmán TJ, Klöpper N, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Düfer M. Inhibition of mTOR prevents glucotoxicity-mediated increase of SA-beta-gal, p16 INK4a, and insulin hypersecretion, without restoring electrical features of mouse pancreatic islets. Biogerontology 2024; 25:819-836. [PMID: 38748336 PMCID: PMC11374829 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
An over-activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway promotes senescence and age-related diseases like type 2 diabetes. Besides, the regenerative potential of pancreatic islets deteriorates with aging. Nevertheless, the role of mTOR on senescence promoted by metabolic stress in islet cells as well as its relevance for electrophysiological aspects is not yet known. Here, we investigated whether parameters suggested to be indicative for senescence are induced in vitro in mouse islet cells by glucotoxicity and if mTOR inhibition plays a protective role against this. Islet cells exhibit a significant increase (~ 76%) in senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity after exposure to glucotoxicity for 72 h. Glucotoxicity does not markedly influence p16INK4a protein within 72 h, but p16INK4a levels increase significantly after a 7-days incubation period. mTOR inhibition with a low rapamycin concentration (1 nM) entirely prevents the glucotoxicity-mediated increase of SA-beta-gal and p16INK4a. At the functional level, reactive oxygen species, calcium homeostasis, and electrical activity are disturbed by glucotoxicity, and rapamycin fails to prevent this. In contrast, rapamycin significantly attenuates the insulin hypersecretion promoted by glucotoxicity by modifying the mRNA levels of Vamp2 and Snap25 genes, related to insulin exocytosis. Our data indicate an influence of glucotoxicity on pancreatic islet-cell senescence and a reduction of the senescence markers by mTOR inhibition, which is relevant to preserve the regenerative potential of the islets. Decreasing the influence of mTOR on islet cells exposed to glucotoxicity attenuates insulin hypersecretion, but is not sufficient to prevent electrophysiological disturbances, indicating the involvement of mTOR-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereso J Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Nina Klöpper
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Carmen M Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Martina Düfer
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Stanfield B, Kaeberlein M, Leroux B, Jones J, Lucas R, Arroll B. A single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-arm study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-weekly sirolimus (rapamycin) on muscle strength and endurance in older adults following a 13-week exercise program. Trials 2024; 25:642. [PMID: 39354527 PMCID: PMC11443903 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging leads to a decline in muscle mass and strength, contributing to frailty and decreased quality of life. Sirolimus (rapamycin) , an mTOR inhibitor, has shown potential in preclinical studies to extend lifespan and improve health span. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of once-weekly sirolimus (rapamycin) administration on muscle strength and endurance in older adults engaged in a 13-week exercise program. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will enroll 40 participants aged 65-85. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either sirolimus (rapamycin) 6 mg/week or placebo for 13 weeks, in conjunction with an at-home exercise program. The primary outcome measure is the change in muscle strength and endurance, assessed by the 30-Second Chair-Stand Test. Secondary outcome measures include adverse events, changes in muscle strength and endurance as measured by the 6-min walk test, handgrip strength, and participant-reported outcomes using the SF-36 survey. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, mid-intervention (week 6), and post-intervention (week 13). Blood samples will be collected for hematology and biochemistry analyses, including full blood count, urea and electrolytes, liver function tests, HbA1c, lipids, serum IGF-1, and hs-CRP. DNA methylation will be analyzed using TruDiagnostic™ to explore changes in biological age. DISCUSSION This study aims to provide insights into the potential benefits of intermittent sirolimus (rapamycin) administration on muscle performance in older adults. By alternating periods of mTOR inhibition through rapamycin and activation via exercise, this study will explore a novel approach to enhancing muscle strength and endurance in the aging population. The results could have significant implications for developing interventions to improve physical function and overall health outcomes in older adults. Safety and tolerability will also be closely monitored to ensure the feasibility of this regimen for wider application. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12624000790549. Registered on 26 June 2024 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12624000790549 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Stanfield
- Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners, Wellington Central, Wellington, 6011, New Zealand.
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Optispan, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Leroux
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce Arroll
- General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Hudson J, Kaeberlein T, Mahal A, Wong N, Ghorbanifarajzadeh M, Radella F, Isman A, Nyquist A, Zalzala S, Haddad G, Kaeberlein M, An JY. Evaluation of off-label rapamycin use on oral health. GeroScience 2024; 46:4135-4146. [PMID: 38839644 PMCID: PMC11335702 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin (sirolimus) is an FDA approved drug with immune modulating properties that is being prescribed off-label in adults as a preventative therapy to maintain healthspan. We recently published one of the first reports on 333 adults with a history of off-label rapamycin use. Along with presenting evidence that rapamycin can be used safely in adults of normal health status, we discovered that about 26% of rapamycin users also reported oral health changes. Given the recent evidence highlighting the potential benefits of rapamycin and its derivatives in enhancing oral health, we conducted a secondary data analysis to profile the oral health of off-label rapamycin users, the true incidence of mouth sores, and present specific case studies of periodontal bone loss quantification using an FDA-approved artificial intelligence platform. Contrary to expected findings and previous literature, dimensions of rapamycin usage (such as length of use, dosage, and interval) were not found to be related to the incidence of mouth ulcers in rapamycin users. Notably, among rapamycin users, the most deleterious forms of ulcers were found to be infrequent and not statistically linked to rapamycin usage, with most rapamycin users having a common transient form of mouth ulcers. Additionally, we describe the general oral health outcomes of off-label rapamycin users and provide recommendations for individuals engaging in off-label rapamycin to be regularly checked by a dentist or an oral health care provider. This report was limited by being a secondary data analysis taken from survey data that focused on a more holistic health model. Future studies will use a focused survey that collects data on more dimensions of oral health outcomes while including questions on oral health for non-rapamycin-using participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Hudson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tammi Kaeberlein
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Akashdeep Mahal
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nelson Wong
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Frank Radella
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Y An
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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5
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Sowers AL, Gohain S, Edmondson EF, Choudhuri R, Krishna MC, Cook JA, Mitchell JB. Rapamycin Reduces Carcinogenesis and Enhances Survival in Mice when Administered after Nonlethal Total-Body Irradiation. Radiat Res 2024; 202:639-648. [PMID: 39142650 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00111.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The rationale of this study stems from the concern of a radiation-induced accident or terrorist-mediated nuclear attack resulting in large populations of people exposed to nonlethal radiation doses or after a course of definitive radiation therapy which could substantially increase the risk for cancer induction after exposure. Currently, there are no safe and effective interventions to reduce this increased cancer risk to humans. We have tested the hypothesis that the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, administered in the diet of mice would reduce or delay radiation-induced cancer when given after radiation exposure. A total-body irradiation (TBI) of 3 Gy was administered to female C3H/Hen mice. Immediately after TBI, along with untreated control groups, animals were placed on chow containing different concentrations of encapsulated rapamycin (14, 40, 140 mg/kg chow). Animals remained on the respective control or rapamycin diets and were followed for their entire lifespan (total of 795 mice). The endpoint for the study was tumor formation (not to exceed 1 cm) or until the animal reached a humane endpoint at which time the animal was euthanized and evaluated for the presence of tumors (pathology evaluated on all animals). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that all three concentrations of rapamycin afforded a significant survival advantage by delaying the time at which tumors appeared and reduction of the incidence of certain tumor types such as hepatocellular carcinomas. The survival advantage was dependent on the rapamycin concentration used. Further, there was a survival advantage when delaying the rapamycin chow by 1 month after TBI. Rapamycin is FDA-approved for human use and could be considered for use in individuals exposed to nonlethal TBI from a nuclear accident or attack or after significant therapeutic doses for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia L Sowers
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sangeeta Gohain
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Rajani Choudhuri
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John A Cook
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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6
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Smith P, Carroll B. Senescence in the ageing skin: a new focus on mTORC1 and the lysosome. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39325694 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is defined as the progressive loss of tissue function and regenerative capacity and is caused by both intrinsic factors i.e. the natural accumulation of damage, and extrinsic factors i.e. damage from environmental stressors. Cellular senescence, in brief, is an irreversible exit from the cell cycle that occurs primarily in response to excessive cellular damage, such as from ultraviolet (UV) exposure and oxidative stress, and it has been comprehensively demonstrated to contribute to tissue and organismal ageing. In this review, we will focus on the skin, an organ which acts as an essential protective barrier against injury, insults, and infection. We will explore the evidence for the existence and contribution of cellular senescence to skin ageing. We discuss the known molecular mechanisms driving senescence in the skin, with a focus on the dysregulation of the master growth regulator, mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1). We explore the interplay of dysregulated mTORC1 with lysosomes and how they contribute to senescence phenotypes.
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7
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Al-Diab O, Sünkel C, Blanc E, Catar RA, Ashraf MI, Zhao H, Wang P, Rinschen MM, Fritsche-Guenther R, Grahammer F, Bachmann S, Beule D, Kirwan JA, Rajewsky N, Huber TB, Gürgen D, Kusch A. Sex-specific molecular signature of mouse podocytes in homeostasis and in response to pharmacological challenge with rapamycin. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:72. [PMID: 39278930 PMCID: PMC11404044 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences exist in the prevalence and progression of major glomerular diseases. Podocytes are the essential cell-type in the kidney which maintain the physiological blood-urine barrier, and pathological changes in podocyte homeostasis are critical accelerators of impairment of kidney function. However, sex-specific molecular signatures of podocytes under physiological and stress conditions remain unknown. This work aimed at identifying sexual dimorphic molecular signatures of podocytes under physiological condition and pharmacologically challenged homeostasis with mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition. mTOR is a crucial regulator involved in a variety of physiological and pathological stress responses in the kidney and inhibition of this pathway may therefore serve as a general stress challenger to get fundamental insights into sex differences in podocytes. METHODS The genomic ROSAmT/mG-NPHS2 Cre mouse model was used which allows obtaining highly pure podocyte fractions for cell-specific molecular analyses, and vehicle or pharmacologic treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was performed for 3 weeks. Subsequently, deep RNA sequencing and proteomics were performed of the isolated podocytes to identify intrinsic sex differences. Studies were supplemented with metabolomics from kidney cortex tissues. RESULTS Although kidney function and morphology remained normal in all experimental groups, RNA sequencing, proteomics and metabolomics revealed strong intrinsic sex differences in the expression levels of mitochondrial, translation and structural transcripts, protein abundances and regulation of metabolic pathways. Interestingly, rapamycin abolished prominent sex-specific clustering of podocyte gene expression and induced major changes only in male transcriptome. Several sex-biased transcription factors could be identified as possible upstream regulators of these sexually dimorphic responses. Concordant to transcriptomics, metabolomic changes were more prominent in males. Remarkably, high number of previously reported kidney disease genes showed intrinsic sexual dimorphism and/or different response patterns towards mTOR inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight remarkable intrinsic sex-differences and sex-specific response patterns towards pharmacological challenged podocyte homeostasis which might fundamentally contribute to sex differences in kidney disease susceptibilities and progression. This work provides rationale and an in-depth database for novel targets to be tested in specific kidney disease models to advance with sex-specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Al-Diab
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Sünkel
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Blanc
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Ali Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Ashraf
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pinchao Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Kirwan
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Gürgen
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Angelika Kusch
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy (BIA), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Dos Santos E, Cochemé HM. Pharmacology of Aging: Drosophila as a Tool to Validate Drug Targets for Healthy Lifespan. AGING BIOLOGY 2024; 2:20240034. [PMID: 39346601 PMCID: PMC7616647 DOI: 10.59368/agingbio.20240034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Finding effective therapies to manage age-related conditions is an emerging public health challenge. Although disease-targeted treatments are important, a preventive approach focused on aging can be more efficient. Pharmacological targeting of aging-related processes can extend lifespan and improve health in animal models. However, drug development and translation are particularly challenging in geroscience. Preclinical studies have survival as a major endpoint for drug screening, which requires years of research in mammalian models. Shorter-lived invertebrates can be exploited to accelerate this process. In particular, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster allows the validation of new drug targets using precise genetic tools and proof-of-concept experiments on drugs impacting conserved aging processes. Screening for clinically approved drugs that act on aging-related targets may further accelerate translation and create new tools for aging research. To date, 31 drugs used in clinical practice have been shown to extend the lifespan of flies. Here, we describe recent advances in the pharmacology of aging, focusing on Drosophila as a tool to repurpose these drugs and study age-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliano Dos Santos
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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9
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Arcas JM, Oudaha K, González A, Fernández-Trillo J, Peralta FA, Castro-Marsal J, Poyraz S, Taberner F, Sala S, de la Peña E, Gomis A, Viana F. The ion channel TRPM8 is a direct target of the immunosuppressant rapamycin in primary sensory neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3192-3214. [PMID: 38741464 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Its deregulation is implicated in several diseases. The macrolide rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, has immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. Recently, we identified tacrolimus, another macrolide immunosuppressant, as a novel activator of TRPM8 ion channels, involved in cold temperature sensing, thermoregulation, tearing and cold pain. We hypothesized that rapamycin may also have agonist activity on TRPM8 channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using calcium imaging and electrophysiology in transfected HEK293 cells and wildtype or Trpm8 KO mouse DRG neurons, we characterized rapamycin's effects on TRPM8 channels. We also examined the effects of rapamycin on tearing in mice. KEY RESULTS Micromolar concentrations of rapamycin activated rat and mouse TRPM8 channels directly and potentiated cold-evoked responses, effects also observed in human TRPM8 channels. In cultured mouse DRG neurons, rapamycin increased intracellular calcium levels almost exclusively in cold-sensitive neurons. Responses were markedly decreased in Trpm8 KO mice or by TRPM8 channel antagonists. Cutaneous cold thermoreceptor endings were also activated by rapamycin. Topical application of rapamycin to the eye surface evokes tearing in mice by a TRPM8-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results identify TRPM8 cationic channels in sensory neurons as novel molecular targets of the immunosuppressant rapamycin. These findings may help explain some of its therapeutic effects after topical application to the skin and the eye surface. Moreover, rapamycin could be used as an experimental tool in the clinic to explore cold thermoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Arcas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Khalid Oudaha
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández-Trillo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Júlia Castro-Marsal
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Seyma Poyraz
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Taberner
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Elvira de la Peña
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Gomis
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Viana
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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10
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Kim H, Massett MP. Beneficial effects of rapamycin on endothelial function in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1446836. [PMID: 39234308 PMCID: PMC11372898 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1446836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endothelial function is significantly impaired in patients with SLE compared to healthy controls. Elevated activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is reported in humans and mice with SLE. However, it is unclear if elevated mTORC1 in SLE contributes to impaired mitophagy and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that inhibiting mTORC1 with rapamycin would increase mitophagy and attenuate endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses in SLE. Methods Nine-week-old female lupus-prone (MRL/lpr) and healthy control (MRL/MpJ) mice were randomly assigned into rapamycin treatment (lpr_Rapamycin and MpJ_Rapamycin) or control (lpr_Control and MpJ_Control) groups. Rapamycin was injected i.p. 3 days per week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured in thoracic aortas using a wire myograph. Results MTORC1 activity was increased in aorta from lpr mice as demonstrated by increased phosphorylation of s6rp and p70s6k and significantly inhibited by rapamycin (s6rp, p < 0.0001, p70s6k, p = 0.04, respectively). Maximal responses to Ach were significantly impaired in lpr_Control (51.7% ± 6.6%) compared to MpJ_Control (86.7% ± 3.6%) (p < 0.0001). Rapamycin prevented endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta from lupus mice (lpr_Rapamycin) (79.6% ± 4.2%) compared to lpr_Control (p = 0.002). Maximal responses to SNP were not different across groups. Phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase also was 42% lower in lpr_Control than MpJ_Control and 46% higher in lpr_Rapamycin than lpr_Control. The inflammatory marker, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (Vcam 1), was elevated in aorta from lupus mice compared with healthy mice (p = 0.001), and significantly reduced with Rapamycin treatment (p = 0.0021). Mitophagy markers were higher in lupus mice and reduced by rapamycin treatment, suggesting altered mitophagy in lpr mice. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate the beneficial effects of inhibiting mTORC1 on endothelial function in SLE mice and suggest inflammation and altered mitophagy contribute to endothelial dysfunction in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoseon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Michael P Massett
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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11
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Panchin AY, Ogmen A, Blagodatski AS, Egorova A, Batin M, Glinin T. Targeting multiple hallmarks of mammalian aging with combinations of interventions. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:12073-12100. [PMID: 39159129 PMCID: PMC11386927 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Aging is currently viewed as a result of multiple biological processes that manifest themselves independently, reinforce each other and in their totality lead to the aged phenotype. Genetic and pharmaceutical approaches targeting specific underlying causes of aging have been used to extend the lifespan and healthspan of model organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. However, most interventions display only a modest benefit. This outcome is to be expected if we consider that even if one aging process is successfully treated, other aging pathways may remain intact. Hence solving the problem of aging may require targeting not one but many of its underlying causes at once. Here we review the challenges and successes of combination therapies aimed at increasing the lifespan of mammals and propose novel directions for their development. We conclude that both additive and synergistic effects on mammalian lifespan can be achieved by combining interventions that target the same or different hallmarks of aging. However, the number of studies in which multiple hallmarks were targeted simultaneously is surprisingly limited. We argue that this approach is as promising as it is understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y Panchin
- Sector of Molecular Evolution, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127051, Russia
| | - Anna Ogmen
- Open Longevity, Sherman Oaks, CA 91403, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Artem S Blagodatski
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | | | | | - Timofey Glinin
- Open Longevity, Sherman Oaks, CA 91403, USA
- Department of Surgery, Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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12
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Raynes Y, Santiago JC, Lemieux FA, Darwin L, Rand DM. Sex, tissue, and mitochondrial interactions modify the transcriptional response to rapamycin in Drosophila. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:766. [PMID: 39107687 PMCID: PMC11304892 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many common diseases exhibit uncontrolled mTOR signaling, prompting considerable interest in the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, to treat a range of conditions, including cancer, aging-related pathologies, and neurological disorders. Despite encouraging preclinical results, the success of mTOR interventions in the clinic has been limited by off-target side effects and dose-limiting toxicities. Improving clinical efficacy and mitigating side effects require a better understanding of the influence of key clinical factors, such as sex, tissue, and genomic background, on the outcomes of mTOR-targeting therapies. RESULTS We assayed gene expression with and without rapamycin exposure across three distinct body parts (head, thorax, abdomen) of D. melanogaster flies, bearing either their native melanogaster mitochondrial genome or the mitochondrial genome from a related species, D. simulans. The fully factorial RNA-seq study design revealed a large number of genes that responded to the rapamycin treatment in a sex-dependent and tissue-dependent manner, and relatively few genes with the transcriptional response to rapamycin affected by the mitochondrial background. Reanalysis of an earlier study confirmed that mitochondria can have a temporal influence on rapamycin response. CONCLUSIONS We found significant and wide-ranging effects of sex and body part, alongside a subtle, potentially time-dependent, influence of mitochondria on the transcriptional response to rapamycin. Our findings suggest a number of pathways that could be crucial for predicting potential side effects of mTOR inhibition in a particular sex or tissue. Further studies of the temporal response to rapamycin are necessary to elucidate the effects of the mitochondrial background on mTOR and its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy Raynes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - John C Santiago
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Faye A Lemieux
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Leah Darwin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - David M Rand
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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13
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Yuan R, Adlimoghaddam A, Zhu Y, Han X, Bartke A. Early Life Interventions: Impact on Aging and Longevity. Aging Dis 2024:AD.202.0516. [PMID: 39325935 DOI: 10.14336/ad.202.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Across mammals, lifespans vary remarkably, spanning over a hundredfold difference. Comparative studies consistently reveal a strong inverse relationship between developmental pace and lifespan, hinting at the potential for early-life interventions (ELIs) to influence aging and lifespan trajectories. Focusing on postnatal interventions in mice, this review explores how ELIs influence development, lifespan, and the underlying mechanisms. Previous ELI studies have employed a diverse array of approaches, including dietary modifications, manipulations of the somatotropic axis, and various chemical treatments. Notably, these interventions have demonstrated significant impacts on aging and lifespan in mice. The underlying mechanisms likely involve pathways related to mitochondrial function, mTOR and AMPK signaling, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations. Interestingly, ELI studies may serve as valuable models for investigating the complex regulatory mechanisms of development and aging, particularly regarding the interplay among somatic growth, sexual maturation, and lifespan. In addition, prior research has highlighted the intricacies of experimental design and data interpretation. Factors such as timing, sex-specific effects, administration methods, and animal husbandry practices must be carefully considered to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of results, as well as rigorous interpretation. Addressing these factors is essential for advancing our understanding of how development, aging, and lifespan are regulated, potentially opening avenues for interventions that promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yuan
- Division of Geriatrics Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neuroscience Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Yun Zhu
- Division of Geriatrics Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Xiuqi Han
- Division of Geriatrics Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Division of Geriatrics Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
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Chen Z, Chang X, Ye Q, Gao Y, Deng R. Kidney transplantation and gut microbiota. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae214. [PMID: 39170931 PMCID: PMC11336673 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is an effective way to improve the condition of patients with end-stage renal disease. However, maintaining long-term graft function and improving patient survival remain a key challenge after kidney transplantation. Dysbiosis of intestinal flora has been reported to be associated with complications in renal transplant recipients. The commensal microbiota plays an important role in the immunomodulation of the transplant recipient responses. However, several processes, such as the use of perioperative antibiotics and high-dose immunosuppressants in renal transplant recipients, can lead to gut dysbiosis and disrupt the interaction between the microbiota and the host immune responses, which in turn can lead to complications such as infection and rejection in organ recipients. In this review, we summarize and discuss the changes in intestinal flora and their influencing factors in patients after renal transplantation as well as the evidence related to the impact of intestinal dysbiosis on the prognosis of renal transplantation from in vivo and clinical studies, and conclude with a discussion of the use of microbial therapy in the transplant population. Hopefully, a deeper understanding of the function and composition of the microbiota in patients after renal transplantation may assist in the development of clinical strategies to restore a normal microbiota and facilitate the clinical management of grafts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Chen
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Xinhua Chang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Qianyu Ye
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Yifang Gao
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Ronghai Deng
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
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15
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Rose RA, Howlett SE. Preclinical Studies on the Effects of Frailty in the Aging Heart. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:1379-1393. [PMID: 38460611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases in men and in women. However, not all people age at the same rate and those who are aging rapidly are considered frail, compared with their fit counterparts. Frailty is an important clinical challenge because those who are frail are more likely to develop and die from illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, than fit people of the same age. This increase in susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases in older individuals might occur as the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the aging process facilitate structural and functional damage in the heart. Consistent with this, recent studies in murine frailty models have provided strong evidence that maladaptive cardiac remodelling in older mice is the most pronounced in mice with a high level of frailty. For example, there is evidence that ventricular hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction increase as frailty increases in aging mice. Additionally, fibrosis and slowing of conduction in the sinoatrial node and atria are proportional to the level of frailty. These modifications could predispose frail older adults to diseases like heart failure and atrial fibrillation. This preclinical work also raises the possibility that emerging interventions designed to "treat frailty" might also treat or prevent cardiovascular diseases. These findings might help to explain why frail older people are most likely to develop these disorders as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Rose
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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16
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Liu AC, Shen Y, Serbinski CR, He H, Roman D, Endale M, Aschbacher-Smith L, King KA, Granadillo JL, López I, Krueger DA, Dye TJ, Smith DF, Hogenesch JB, Prada CE. Clinical and functional studies of MTOR variants in Smith-Kingsmore syndrome reveal deficits of circadian rhythm and sleep-wake behavior. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100333. [PMID: 39030910 PMCID: PMC11342114 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous de novo or inherited gain-of-function mutations in the MTOR gene cause Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS). SKS is a rare autosomal dominant condition, and individuals with SKS display macrocephaly/megalencephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. A few dozen individuals are reported in the literature. Here, we report a cohort of 28 individuals with SKS that represent nine MTOR pathogenic variants. We conducted a detailed natural history study and found pathophysiological deficits among individuals with SKS in addition to the common neurodevelopmental symptoms. These symptoms include sleep-wake disturbance, hyperphagia, and hyperactivity, indicative of homeostatic imbalance. To characterize these variants, we developed cell models and characterized their functional consequences. We showed that these SKS variants display a range of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activities and respond to the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, differently. For example, the R1480_C1483del variant we identified here and the previously known C1483F are more active than wild-type controls and less responsive to rapamycin. Further, we showed that SKS mutations dampened circadian rhythms and low-dose rapamycin improved the rhythm amplitude, suggesting that optimal mTOR activity is required for normal circadian function. As SKS is caused by gain-of-function mutations in MTOR, rapamycin was used to treat several patients. While higher doses of rapamycin caused delayed sleep-wake phase disorder in a subset of patients, optimized lower doses improved sleep. Our study expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of SKS and supports further studies for mechanism-guided treatment options to improve sleep-wake behavior and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carolyn R Serbinski
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Neurology, Immunobiology, Pediatric Otolaryngology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Genetics, Genomics & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongzhi He
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Destino Roman
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mehari Endale
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lindsey Aschbacher-Smith
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Neurology, Immunobiology, Pediatric Otolaryngology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Katherine A King
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jorge L Granadillo
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Isabel López
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Darcy A Krueger
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Neurology, Immunobiology, Pediatric Otolaryngology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Thomas J Dye
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Neurology, Immunobiology, Pediatric Otolaryngology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Divisions of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; The Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; The Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Neurology, Immunobiology, Pediatric Otolaryngology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Neurology, Immunobiology, Pediatric Otolaryngology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Genetics, Genomics & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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17
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Carr LM, Mustafa S, Care A, Collins-Praino LE. More than a number: Incorporating the aged phenotype to improve in vitro and in vivo modeling of neurodegenerative disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:554-571. [PMID: 38663775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is the number one risk factor for developing a neurodegenerative disease (ND), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD). With our rapidly ageing world population, there will be an increased burden of ND and need for disease-modifying treatments. Currently, however, translation of research from bench to bedside in NDs is poor. This may be due, at least in part, to the failure to account for the potential effect of ageing in preclinical modelling of NDs. While ageing can impact upon physiological response in multiple ways, only a limited number of preclinical studies of ND have incorporated ageing as a factor of interest. Here, we evaluate the aged phenotype and highlight the critical, but unmet, need to incorporate aspects of this phenotype into both the in vitro and in vivo models used in ND research. Given technological advances in the field over the past several years, we discuss how these could be harnessed to create novel models of ND that more readily incorporate aspects of the aged phenotype. This includes a recently described in vitro panel of ageing markers, which could help lead to more standardised models and improve reproducibility across studies. Importantly, we cannot assume that young cells or animals yield the same responses as seen in the context of ageing; thus, an improved understanding of the biology of ageing, and how to appropriately incorporate this into the modelling of ND, will ensure the best chance for successful translation of new therapies to the aged patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Carr
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Care
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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18
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Ebrahim N, Al Saihati HA, Alali Z, Aleniz FQ, Mahmoud SYM, Badr OA, Dessouky AA, Mostafa O, Hussien NI, Farid AS, El-Sherbiny M, Salim RF, Forsyth NR, Ali FEM, Alsabeelah NF. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease: Autophagy, insulin and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116836. [PMID: 38850660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological condition characterized by cognitive decline, motor coordination impairment, and amyloid plaque accumulation. The underlying molecular mechanisms involve oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal degeneration. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) on AD and explore the molecular pathways involved, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. To assess the potential of MSC-exos for the treatment of AD, rats were treated with AlCl3 (17 mg/kg/once/day) for 8 weeks, followed by the administration of an autophagy activator (rapamycin), or MSC-exos with or without an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenin; 3-MA+ chloroquine) for 4 weeks. Memory impairment was tested, and brain tissues were collected for gene expression analyses, western blotting, histological studies, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Remarkably, the administration of MSC-exos improved memory performance in AD rats and reduced the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau phosphorylation. Furthermore, MSC-exos promoted neurogenesis, enhanced synaptic function, and mitigated astrogliosis in AD brain tissues. These beneficial effects were associated with the modulation of autophagy and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, as well as the inhibition of neuroinflammation. Additionally, MSC-exos were found to regulate specific microRNAs, including miRNA-21, miRNA-155, miRNA-17-5p, and miRNA-126-3p, further supporting their therapeutic potential. Histopathological and bioinformatic analyses confirmed these findings. This study provides compelling evidence that MSC-exos hold promise as a potential therapeutic approach for AD. By modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, autophagy, and neuroinflammation, MSC-exos have the potential to improve memory, reduce Aβ accumulation, enhance neurogenesis, and mitigate astrogliosis. These findings shed light on the therapeutic potential of MSC-exos and highlight their role in combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ebrahim
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt; Benha National University, Faculty of Medicine. student at Keele University, UK; Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Hajer A Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Zahraa Alali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Q Aleniz
- Department of Immunology, Collage of Applied Science, Alkharj
| | - Sabry Younis Mohamed Mahmoud
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, P. O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia. Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Omnia A Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Arigue A Dessouky
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Noha I Hussien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Ayman Samir Farid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyubia 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab F Salim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Nicholas Robert Forsyth
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University. Vice Principals' Office, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nimer F Alsabeelah
- Assistant Professor of Pharmacology Pharmacy Practice Department, Pharmacy College University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Tsai SY. Lost in translation: challenges of current pharmacotherapy for sarcopenia. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00138-2. [PMID: 38880726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A healthy lifespan relies on independent living, in which active skeletal muscle is a critical element. The cost of not recognizing and acting earlier on unhealthy or aging muscle could be detrimental, since muscular weakness is inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength and is associated with aging. Exercise is the only effective therapy to delay sarcopenia development and improve muscle health in older adults. Although numerous interventions have been proposed to reduce sarcopenia, none has yet succeeded in clinical trials. This review evaluates the biological gap between recent clinical trials targeting sarcopenia and the preclinical studies on which they are based, and suggests an alternative approach to bridge the discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Vedunova M, Borysova O, Kozlov G, Zharova AM, Morgunov I, Moskalev A. Candidate molecular targets uncovered in mouse lifespan extension studies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:513-528. [PMID: 38656034 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2346597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple interventions have demonstrated an increase in mouse lifespan. However, non-standardized controls, sex or strain-specific factors, and insufficient focus on targets, hinder the translation of these findings into clinical applications. AREAS COVERED We examined the effects of genetic and drug-based interventions on mice from databases DrugAge, GenAge, the Mouse Phenome Database, and publications from PubMed that led to a lifespan extension of more than 10%, identifying specific molecular targets that were manipulated to achieve the maximum lifespan in mice. Subsequently, we characterized 10 molecular targets influenced by these interventions, with particular attention given to clinical trials and potential indications for each. EXPERT OPINION To increase the translational potential of mice life-extension studies to clinical research several factors are crucial: standardization of mice lifespan research approaches, the development of clear criteria for control and experimental groups, the establishment of criteria for potential geroprotectors, and focusing on targets and their clinical application. Pinpointing the targets affected by geroprotectors helps in understanding species-specific differences and identifying potential side effects, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of clinical trials. Additionally, target review facilitates the optimization of treatment protocols and the evaluation of the clinical feasibility of translating research findings into practical therapies for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vedunova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Grigory Kozlov
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna-Maria Zharova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biomedicine, Institute of Biogerontology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Lobachevsky University), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Longaevus Technologies LTD, London, United Kingdom
- Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Alfatah M, Lim JJJ, Zhang Y, Naaz A, Cheng TYN, Yogasundaram S, Faidzinn NA, Lin JJ, Eisenhaber B, Eisenhaber F. Uncharacterized yeast gene YBR238C, an effector of TORC1 signaling in a mitochondrial feedback loop, accelerates cellular aging via HAP4- and RMD9-dependent mechanisms. eLife 2024; 12:RP92178. [PMID: 38713053 PMCID: PMC11076046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the regulators of cellular aging will unravel the complexity of aging biology and identify potential therapeutic interventions to delay the onset and progress of chronic, aging-related diseases. In this work, we systematically compared genesets involved in regulating the lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a powerful model organism to study the cellular aging of humans) and those with expression changes under rapamycin treatment. Among the functionally uncharacterized genes in the overlap set, YBR238C stood out as the only one downregulated by rapamycin and with an increased chronological and replicative lifespan upon deletion. We show that YBR238C and its paralog RMD9 oppositely affect mitochondria and aging. YBR238C deletion increases the cellular lifespan by enhancing mitochondrial function. Its overexpression accelerates cellular aging via mitochondrial dysfunction. We find that the phenotypic effect of YBR238C is largely explained by HAP4- and RMD9-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, we find that genetic- or chemical-based induction of mitochondrial dysfunction increases TORC1 (Target of Rapamycin Complex 1) activity that, subsequently, accelerates cellular aging. Notably, TORC1 inhibition by rapamycin (or deletion of YBR238C) improves the shortened lifespan under these mitochondrial dysfunction conditions in yeast and human cells. The growth of mutant cells (a proxy of TORC1 activity) with enhanced mitochondrial function is sensitive to rapamycin whereas the growth of defective mitochondrial mutants is largely resistant to rapamycin compared to wild type. Our findings demonstrate a feedback loop between TORC1 and mitochondria (the TORC1-MItochondria-TORC1 (TOMITO) signaling process) that regulates cellular aging processes. Hereby, YBR238C is an effector of TORC1 modulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alfatah
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jolyn Jia Jia Lim
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yizhong Zhang
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Arshia Naaz
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Trishia Yi Ning Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Sonia Yogasundaram
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Nashrul Afiq Faidzinn
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jovian Jing Lin
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- LASA – Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications gGmbHWeißwasserGermany
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- LASA – Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications gGmbHWeißwasserGermany
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU)SingaporeSingapore
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22
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Zhang S, Wang Z, Jiang J, Feng G, Fan S. Lactobacillus reuteri's multifaceted role in mitigating ionizing radiation-induced injury in Drosophila melanogaster. Food Funct 2024; 15:3522-3538. [PMID: 38465872 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05422e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The numerous beneficial probiotic properties of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) include decreasing metabolic syndrome, preventing disorders linked to oxidative stress, improving gut flora imbalances, controlling immunological function, and extending life span. Exposure to ionizing radiation is closely associated with several disorders. We examined the protective and salvaging effects of L. reuteri on ionizing radiation-induced injury to the intestinal tract, reproductive system, and nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster. We also examined its effects on lifespan, antioxidant capacity, progeny development, and behavioral aspects to assess the interaction between L. reuteri and ionizing radiation-induced injury. The findings demonstrated that L. reuteri improved the median survival time following irradiation and greatly extended its lifespan. In addition, it raised SOD activity, reduced ROS levels in intestinal epithelial cells, and increased the quantity of intestinal stem cells. Furthermore, L. reuteri enhanced the adult male flies' capacity to move. It also successfully safeguarded the generations' growth and development. L. reuteri dramatically enhanced expression of the AMPKα gene and regulated expression of its pathway-related gene, mTOR, as well as the autophagy-related genes Atg1 and Atg5 in female Drosophila exposed to irradiation. Notably, no prior reports have been made on the possible effects of L. reuteri on injuries caused by irradiation. As a result, our research offers important new information regarding L. reuteri's possible role as a shield against ionizing radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
| | - Jin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
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23
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Sun R, Feng J, Wang J. Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Cellular Senescence-Induced Biological Barrier Interruption and Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024; 15:612-639. [PMID: 37450933 PMCID: PMC10917536 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its increasing prevalence, aging is of great concern to researchers worldwide. Cellular senescence is a physiological or pathological cellular state caused by aging and a prominent risk factor for the interruption of the integrity and functionality of human biological barriers. Health barriers play an important role in maintaining microenvironmental homeostasis within the body. The senescence of barrier cells leads to barrier dysfunction and age-related diseases. Cellular senescence has been reported to be a key target for the prevention of age-related barrier diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and preeclampsia. Drugs such as metformin, dasatinib, quercetin, BCL-2 inhibitors, and rapamycin have been shown to intervene in cellular senescence and age-related diseases. In this review, we conclude that cellular senescence is involved in age-related biological barrier impairment. We further outline the cellular pathways and mechanisms underlying barrier impairment caused by cellular senescence and describe age-related barrier diseases associated with senescent cells. Finally, we summarize the currently used anti-senescence pharmacological interventions and discuss their therapeutic potential for preventing age-related barrier diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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24
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Morgan AE, Mc Auley MT. Vascular dementia: From pathobiology to emerging perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102278. [PMID: 38513772 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. VaD is synonymous with ageing, and its symptoms place a significant burden on the health and wellbeing of older people. Despite the identification of a substantial number of risk factors for VaD, the pathological mechanisms underpinning this disease remain to be fully elucidated. Consequently, a biogerontological imperative exists to highlight the modifiable lifestyle factors which can mitigate against the risk of developing VaD. This review will critically examine some of the factors which have been revealed to modulate VaD risk. The survey commences by providing an overview of the putative mechanisms which are associated with the pathobiology of VaD. Next, the factors which influence the risk of developing VaD are examined. Finally, emerging treatment avenues including epigenetics, the gut microbiome, and pro-longevity pharmaceuticals are discussed. By drawing this key evidence together, it is our hope that it can be used to inform future experimental investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Elizabeth Morgan
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, Hope Park, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Tomás Mc Auley
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester, Salford M5 4NT, United Kingdom
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25
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Chen P, Wang Y, Zhou B. Insights into targeting cellular senescence with senolytic therapy: The journey from preclinical trials to clinical practice. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 218:111918. [PMID: 38401690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Interconnected, fundamental aging processes are central to many illnesses and diseases. Cellular senescence is a mechanism that halts the cell cycle in response to harmful stimuli. Senescent cells (SnCs) can emerge at any point in life, and their persistence, along with the numerous proteins they secrete, can negatively affect tissue function. Interventions aimed at combating persistent SnCs, which can destroy tissues, have been used in preclinical models to delay, halt, or even reverse various diseases. Consequently, the development of small-molecule senolytic medicines designed to specifically eliminate SnCs has opened potential avenues for the prevention or treatment of multiple diseases and age-related issues in humans. In this review, we explore the most promising approaches for translating small-molecule senolytics and other interventions targeting senescence in clinical practice. This discussion highlights the rationale for considering SnCs as therapeutic targets for diseases affecting individuals of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China.
| | - Yulai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
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26
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Kitami M, Kaku M, Thant L, Maeda T. A loss of primary cilia by a reduction in mTOR signaling correlates with age-related deteriorations in condylar cartilage. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01143-x. [PMID: 38526843 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related deterioration of condylar cartilage is an etiological factor in temporomandibular joint-osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA). However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, we examined age-related changes and the relationship between mTOR signaling and primary cilia in condylar cartilage to determine the intrinsic mechanisms of age-related TMJ-OA. Age-related morphological changes were analyzed using micro-computed tomography and safranin O-stained histological samples of the mandibular condyle of C57BL/6J mice (up to 78 weeks old). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the activity of mTOR signaling, primary cilia frequency, and Golgi size of condylar chondrocytes. Four-week-old mice receiving an 11-week series of intraperitoneal injections of rapamycin, a potent mTOR signaling inhibitor, were used for the histological evaluation of the condylar cartilage. The condylar cartilage demonstrated an age-related reduction in cartilage area, including chondrocyte size, cell density, and cell size distribution. The Golgi size, primary cilia frequency, and mTOR signaling also decreased with age. Rapamycin injections resulted in both diminished cartilage area and cell size, resembling the phenotypes observed in aged mice. Rapamycin-injected mice also exhibited a smaller Golgi size and lower primary cilia frequency in condylar cartilage. We demonstrated that a loss of primary cilia due to a decline in mTOR signaling was correlated with age-related deteriorations in condylar cartilage. Our findings provide new insights into the tissue homeostasis of condylar cartilage, contributing to understanding the etiology of age-related TMJ-OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kitami
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Lay Thant
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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27
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Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Monzó C, Deelen J, Grönke S, Partridge L. Intermittent rapamycin feeding recapitulates some effects of continuous treatment while maintaining lifespan extension. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101902. [PMID: 38360109 PMCID: PMC10900781 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapamycin, a powerful geroprotective drug, can have detrimental effects when administered chronically. We determined whether intermittent treatment of mice can reduce negative effects while maintaining benefits of chronic treatment. METHODS From 6 months of age, male and female C3B6F1 hybrid mice were either continuously fed with 42 mg/kg rapamycin, or intermittently fed by alternating weekly feeding of 42 mg/kg rapamycin food with weekly control feeding. Survival of these mice compared to control animals was measured. Furthermore, longitudinal phenotyping including metabolic (body composition, GTT, ITT, indirect calorimetry) and fitness phenotypes (treadmil, rotarod, electrocardiography and open field) was performed. Organ specific pathology was assessed at 24 months of age. RESULTS Chronic rapamycin treatment induced glucose intolerance, which was partially ameliorated by intermittent treatment. Chronic and intermittent rapamycin treatments increased lifespan equally in males, while in females chronic treatment resulted in slightly higher survival. The two treatments had equivalent effects on testicular degeneration, heart fibrosis and liver lipidosis. In males, the two treatment regimes led to a similar increase in motor coordination, heart rate and Q-T interval, and reduction in spleen weight, while in females, they equally reduced BAT inflammation and spleen weight and maintained heart rate and Q-T interval. However, other health parameters, including age related pathologies, were better prevented by continuous treatment. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent rapamycin treatment is effective in prolonging lifespan and reduces some side-effects of chronic treatment, but chronic treatment is more beneficial to healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarouf Baghdadi
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Monzó
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, Spain
| | - Joris Deelen
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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Spiridonova O, Kriukov D, Nemirovich-Danchenko N, Peshkin L. On standardization of controls in lifespan studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3047-3055. [PMID: 38421245 PMCID: PMC10929834 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The search for interventions to slow down and even reverse aging is a burgeoning field. The literature cites hundreds of supposedly beneficial pharmacological and genetic interventions in model organisms: mice, rats, flies and worms, where research into physiology is routinely accompanied by lifespan data. However, when experimental animals from one article live as long as controls from another article, comparing the results of interventions across studies can yield misleading outcomes. Theoretically, all lifespan data are ripe for re-analysis: we could contrast the molecular targets and pathways across studies and help focus the further search for interventions. Alas, the results of most longevity studies are difficult to compare. This is in part because there are no clear, universally accepted standards for conducting such experiments or even for reporting such data. The situation is worsened by the fact that the authors often do not describe experimental conditions completely. As a result, works on longevity make up a set of precedents, each of which might be interesting in its own right, yet incoherent and incomparable at least for the reason that in a general context, it may indicate, for example, not prolonging the life of an average organism, but compensating for any genetic abnormalities of a particular sample or inappropriate living conditions. Here we point out specific issues and propose solutions for quality control by checking both inter- and intra-study consistency of lifespan data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Spiridonova
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dmitrii Kriukov
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Leonid Peshkin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Wang P, Konja D, Singh S, Zhang B, Wang Y. Endothelial Senescence: From Macro- to Micro-Vasculature and Its Implications on Cardiovascular Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1978. [PMID: 38396653 PMCID: PMC10889199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line at the most inner layer of blood vessels. They act to control hemostasis, arterial tone/reactivity, wound healing, tissue oxygen, and nutrient supply. With age, endothelial cells become senescent, characterized by reduced regeneration capacity, inflammation, and abnormal secretory profile. Endothelial senescence represents one of the earliest features of arterial ageing and contributes to many age-related diseases. Compared to those in arteries and veins, endothelial cells of the microcirculation exhibit a greater extent of heterogeneity. Microcirculatory endothelial senescence leads to a declined capillary density, reduced angiogenic potentials, decreased blood flow, impaired barrier properties, and hypoperfusion in a tissue or organ-dependent manner. The heterogeneous phenotypes of microvascular endothelial cells in a particular vascular bed and across different tissues remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the mechanisms underlying macro- and micro-vascular endothelial senescence vary in different pathophysiological conditions, thus offering specific target(s) for therapeutic development of senolytic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (P.W.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniels Konja
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (P.W.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (P.W.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Beijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (P.W.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (P.W.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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30
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Lee DJW, Hodzic Kuerec A, Maier AB. Targeting ageing with rapamycin and its derivatives in humans: a systematic review. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e152-e162. [PMID: 38310895 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin and its derivatives (rapalogs) are inhibitors of mTOR, a major regulator of the ageing process. We aimed to summarise the effects of rapamycin and its derivatives on the severity of ageing-related physiological changes and disease in adults. A search across five databases yielded 18 400 unique articles, resulting in 19 included studies. Rapamycin and its derivatives improved physiological parameters associated with ageing in the immune, cardiovascular, and integumentary systems of healthy individuals or individuals with ageing-related diseases. Overall, no significant effects on the endocrine, muscular, or neurological systems were found. The effects of rapamycin or its derivatives on the respiratory, digestive, renal, and reproductive systems were not assessed. No serious adverse events attributed to rapamycin and its derivatives were reported in healthy individuals; however, there were increased numbers of infections and increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in individuals with ageing-related diseases. Future studies should assess the remaining unexamined systems and test the effects of long-term exposure to rapamycin and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J W Lee
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajla Hodzic Kuerec
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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31
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Huang F, Cao Y, Liang J, Tang R, Wu S, Zhang P, Chen R. The influence of the gut microbiome on ovarian aging. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2295394. [PMID: 38170622 PMCID: PMC10766396 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2295394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging occurs prior to the aging of other organ systems and acts as the pacemaker of the aging process of multiple organs. As life expectancy has increased, preventing ovarian aging has become an essential goal for promoting extended reproductive function and improving bone and genitourinary conditions related to ovarian aging in women. An improved understanding of ovarian aging may ultimately provide tools for the prediction and mitigation of this process. Recent studies have suggested a connection between ovarian aging and the gut microbiota, and alterations in the composition and functional profile of the gut microbiota have profound consequences on ovarian function. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the ovaries is bidirectional. In this review, we examine current knowledge on ovary-gut microbiota crosstalk and further discuss the potential role of gut microbiota in anti-aging interventions. Microbiota-based manipulation is an appealing approach that may offer new therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghui Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Rare Disease Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Borsa M, Obba S, Richter FC, Zhang H, Riffelmacher T, Carrelha J, Alsaleh G, Jacobsen SEW, Simon AK. Autophagy preserves hematopoietic stem cells by restraining MTORC1-mediated cellular anabolism. Autophagy 2024; 20:45-57. [PMID: 37614038 PMCID: PMC10761185 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are long-lived and quiescent with unique metabolic requirements. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a fundamental survival mechanism that allows cells to adapt to metabolic changes by degrading and recycling intracellular components. Here we address why autophagy depletion leads to a drastic loss of the stem cell compartment. Using inducible deletion of autophagy specifically in adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and in mice chimeric for autophagy-deficient and normal HSCs, we demonstrate that the stem cell loss is cell-intrinsic. Mechanistically, autophagy-deficient HSCs showed higher expression of several amino acid transporters (AAT) when compared to autophagy-competent cells, resulting in increased amino acid (AA) uptake. This was followed by sustained MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) activation, with enlarged cell size, glucose uptake and translation, which is detrimental to the quiescent HSCs. MTOR inhibition by rapamycin treatment in vivo was able to rescue autophagy-deficient HSC loss and bone marrow failure and resulted in better reconstitution after transplantation. Our results suggest that targeting MTOR may improve aged stem cell function, promote reprogramming and stem cell transplantation.List of abbreviations: 5FU: fluoracil; AA: amino acids; AKT/PKB: thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1; ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; BafA: bafilomycin A1; BM: bone marrow; EIF2: eukaryotic initiation factor 2; EIF4EBP1/4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; KIT/CD117/c-Kit: KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; HSPCs: hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; Kyn: kynurenine; LSK: lineage- (Lin-), LY6A/Sca-1+, KIT/c-Kit/CD117+; LY6A/Sca-1: lymphocyte antigen 6 family member A; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MTORC2: MTOR complex 2; OPP: O-propargyl-puromycin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; poly(I:C): polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid; RPS6/S6: ribosomal protein S6; tam: tamoxifen; TCA: tricarboxylic acid; TFEB: transcription factor EB; PTPRC/CD45: Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type C, CD45 antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Borsa
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine Obba
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felix C. Richter
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Joana Carrelha
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC WIMM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- H7 Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Ma Y, Wang S, Wang H, Chen X, Shuai Y, Wang H, Mao Y, He F. Mesenchymal stem cells and dental implant osseointegration during aging: from mechanisms to therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:382. [PMID: 38124153 PMCID: PMC10734190 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are widely used to replace missing teeth, providing patients with unparalleled levels of effectiveness, convenience, and affordability. The biological basis for the clinical success of dental implants is osseointegration. Bone aging is a high-risk factor for the reduced osseointegration and survival rates of dental implants. In aged individuals, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow show imbalanced differentiation with a reduction in osteogenesis and an increase in adipogenesis. This leads to impaired osseointegration and implant failure. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysfunctional differentiation of aged MSCs, which primarily include autophagy, transcription factors, extracellular vesicle secretion, signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, this review addresses the pathological changes in MSCs that affect osseointegration and discusses potential therapeutic interventions to enhance osseointegration by manipulating the mechanisms underlying MSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ma
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shuai
- Nanjing Jinling Hospital: East Region Military Command General Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yingjie Mao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fuming He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Elliehausen CJ, Anderson RM, Diffee GM, Rhoads TW, Lamming DW, Hornberger TA, Konopka AR. Geroprotector drugs and exercise: friends or foes on healthy longevity? BMC Biol 2023; 21:287. [PMID: 38066609 PMCID: PMC10709984 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and several pharmacological approaches individually combat age-associated conditions and extend healthy longevity in model systems. It is tantalizing to extrapolate that combining geroprotector drugs with exercise could extend healthy longevity beyond any individual treatment. However, the current dogma suggests that taking leading geroprotector drugs on the same day as exercise may limit several health benefits. Here, we review leading candidate geroprotector drugs and their interactions with exercise and highlight salient gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to identify if geroprotector drugs can have a harmonious relationship with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Elliehausen
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gary M Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Ripa R, Ballhysa E, Steiner JD, Laboy R, Annibal A, Hochhard N, Latza C, Dolfi L, Calabrese C, Meyer AM, Polidori MC, Müller RU, Antebi A. Refeeding-associated AMPK γ1 complex activity is a hallmark of health and longevity. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1544-1560. [PMID: 37957359 PMCID: PMC10724066 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Late-life-initiated dietary interventions show limited efficacy in extending longevity or mitigating frailty, yet the underlying causes remain unclear. Here we studied the age-related fasting response of the short-lived killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered the existence of a fasting-like transcriptional program in the adipose tissue of old fish that overrides the feeding response, setting the tissue in persistent metabolic quiescence. The fasting-refeeding cycle triggers an inverse oscillatory expression of genes encoding the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulatory subunits Prkag1 (γ1) and Prkag2 (γ2) in young individuals. Aging blunts such regulation, resulting in reduced Prkag1 expression. Transgenic fish with sustained AMPKγ1 countered the fasting-like transcriptional program, exhibiting a more youthful feeding and fasting response in older age, improved metabolic health and longevity. Accordingly, Prkag1 expression declines with age in human tissues and is associated with multimorbidity and multidimensional frailty risk. Thus, selective activation of AMPKγ1 prevents metabolic quiescence and preserves healthy aging in vertebrates, offering potential avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ripa
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eugen Ballhysa
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Graduate School for Ageing Research (CGA), Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim D Steiner
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raymond Laboy
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Annibal
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Hochhard
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Latza
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Dolfi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Graduate School for Ageing Research (CGA), Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna M Meyer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Graduate School for Ageing Research (CGA), Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Pun FW, Leung GHD, Leung HW, Rice J, Schmauck‐Medina T, Lautrup S, Long X, Liu BHM, Wong CW, Ozerov IV, Aliper A, Ren F, Rosenberg AJ, Agrawal N, Izumchenko E, Fang EF, Zhavoronkov A. A comprehensive AI-driven analysis of large-scale omic datasets reveals novel dual-purpose targets for the treatment of cancer and aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14017. [PMID: 37888486 PMCID: PMC10726874 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As aging and tumorigenesis are tightly interconnected biological processes, targeting their common underlying driving pathways may induce dual-purpose anti-aging and anti-cancer effects. Our transcriptomic analyses of 16,740 healthy samples demonstrated tissue-specific age-associated gene expression, with most tumor suppressor genes downregulated during aging. Furthermore, a large-scale pan-cancer analysis of 11 solid tumor types (11,303 cases and 4431 control samples) revealed that many cellular processes, such as protein localization, DNA replication, DNA repair, cell cycle, and RNA metabolism, were upregulated in cancer but downregulated in healthy aging tissues, whereas pathways regulating cellular senescence were upregulated in both aging and cancer. Common cancer targets were identified by the AI-driven target discovery platform-PandaOmics. Age-associated cancer targets were selected and further classified into four groups based on their reported roles in lifespan. Among the 51 identified age-associated cancer targets with anti-aging experimental evidence, 22 were proposed as dual-purpose targets for anti-aging and anti-cancer treatment with the same therapeutic direction. Among age-associated cancer targets without known lifespan-regulating activity, 23 genes were selected based on predicted dual-purpose properties. Knockdown of histone demethylase KDM1A, one of these unexplored candidates, significantly extended lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Given KDM1A's anti-cancer activities reported in both preclinical and clinical studies, our findings propose KDM1A as a promising dual-purpose target. This is the first study utilizing an innovative AI-driven approach to identify dual-purpose target candidates for anti-aging and anti-cancer treatment, supporting the value of AI-assisted target identification for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jared Rice
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oslo and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Tomas Schmauck‐Medina
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oslo and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oslo and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
| | - Xi Long
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd.Hong KongChina
| | | | | | | | - Alex Aliper
- Insilico Medicine AI Ltd.Masdar CityUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Feng Ren
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Ari J. Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oslo and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
- The Norwegian Centre On Healthy Ageing (NO‐Age)OsloNorway
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd.Hong KongChina
- Insilico Medicine AI Ltd.Masdar CityUnited Arab Emirates
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCaliforniaUSA
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Evans JB, Chou L, Kaeberlein M, Promislow DE, Creevy KE. Case report: Severe asymptomatic hypertriglyceridemia associated with long-term low-dose rapamycin administration in a healthy middle-aged Labrador retriever. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1285498. [PMID: 38094495 PMCID: PMC10716302 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1285498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is an mTOR inhibitor that has been shown to extend the lifespan of laboratory model organisms. In humans, rapamycin is used at higher doses as an immunosuppressive medication to prevent organ rejection. Numerous adverse effects are seen with rapamycin treatment in humans, with one of the most common being dysregulation of lipid metabolism. In humans, this often manifests as mild to moderate serum lipid elevations, with a small subset developing extreme triglyceride elevations. This case report describes an eight-year-old, castrated male, clinically healthy Labrador retriever who developed severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with low-dose rapamycin administration over a six-month period. During this time, the dog was asymptomatic and displayed no other clinical abnormalities, aside from a progressive lipemia. Within 15 days of discontinuing rapamycin treatment, and with no targeted lipemic intervention, the dog's lipemia and hypertriglyceridemia completely resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B. Evans
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Lucy Chou
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Optispan, Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel E.L. Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kate E. Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
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Chiba M, Miyata K, Okawa H, Tanaka Y, Ueda K, Seimiya H, Takahashi A. YBX1 Regulates Satellite II RNA Loading into Small Extracellular Vesicles and Promotes the Senescent Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16399. [PMID: 38003589 PMCID: PMC10671301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells secrete inflammatory proteins and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), collectively termed senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and promote age-related diseases. Epigenetic alteration in senescent cells induces the expression of satellite II (SATII) RNA, non-coding RNA transcribed from pericentromeric repetitive sequences in the genome, leading to the expression of inflammatory SASP genes. SATII RNA is contained in sEVs and functions as an SASP factor in recipient cells. However, the molecular mechanism of SATII RNA loading into sEVs is unclear. In this study, we identified Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) as a carrier of SATII RNA via mass spectrometry analysis after RNA pull-down. sEVs containing SATII RNA induced cellular senescence and promoted the expression of inflammatory SASP genes in recipient cells. YBX1 knockdown significantly reduced SATII RNA levels in sEVs and inhibited the propagation of SASP in recipient cells. The analysis of the clinical dataset revealed that YBX1 expression is higher in cancer stroma than in normal stroma of breast and ovarian cancer tissues. Furthermore, high YBX1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancers. This study demonstrated that SATII RNA loading into sEVs is regulated via YBX1 and that YBX1 is a promising target in novel cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Chiba
- Division of Cellular Senescence, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (M.C.); (K.M.); (H.O.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;
| | - Kenichi Miyata
- Division of Cellular Senescence, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (M.C.); (K.M.); (H.O.); (Y.T.)
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hikaru Okawa
- Division of Cellular Senescence, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (M.C.); (K.M.); (H.O.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoko Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Senescence, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (M.C.); (K.M.); (H.O.); (Y.T.)
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Rsearch, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Division of Cellular Senescence, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; (M.C.); (K.M.); (H.O.); (Y.T.)
- Cancer Cell Communication Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
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Reed AL, Mitchell W, Alexandrescu AT, Alder NN. Interactions of amyloidogenic proteins with mitochondrial protein import machinery in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1263420. [PMID: 38028797 PMCID: PMC10652799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1263420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are targeted to the organelle by N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTSs, or "presequences") that are recognized by the import machinery and subsequently cleaved to yield the mature protein. MTSs do not have conserved amino acid compositions, but share common physicochemical properties, including the ability to form amphipathic α-helical structures enriched with basic and hydrophobic residues on alternating faces. The lack of strict sequence conservation implies that some polypeptides can be mistargeted to mitochondria, especially under cellular stress. The pathogenic accumulation of proteins within mitochondria is implicated in many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Mechanistically, these diseases may originate in part from mitochondrial interactions with amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) or its cleavage product amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn), and mutant forms of huntingtin (mHtt), respectively, that are mediated in part through their associations with the mitochondrial protein import machinery. Emerging evidence suggests that these amyloidogenic proteins may present cryptic targeting signals that act as MTS mimetics and can be recognized by mitochondrial import receptors and transported into different mitochondrial compartments. Accumulation of these mistargeted proteins could overwhelm the import machinery and its associated quality control mechanisms, thereby contributing to neurological disease progression. Alternatively, the uptake of amyloidogenic proteins into mitochondria may be part of a protein quality control mechanism for clearance of cytotoxic proteins. Here we review the pathomechanisms of these diseases as they relate to mitochondrial protein import and effects on mitochondrial function, what features of APP/Aβ, α-syn and mHtt make them suitable substrates for the import machinery, and how this information can be leveraged for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Reed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrei T. Alexandrescu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Srivastava V, Gross E. Mitophagy-promoting agents and their ability to promote healthy-aging. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1811-1846. [PMID: 37650304 PMCID: PMC10657188 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The removal of damaged mitochondrial components through a process called mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is essential for the proper function of the mitochondrial network. Hence, mitophagy is vital for the health of all aerobic animals, including humans. Unfortunately, mitophagy declines with age. Many age-associated diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are characterized by the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and oxidative damage. Therefore, activating the mitophagy process with small molecules is an emerging strategy for treating multiple aging diseases. Recent studies have identified natural and synthetic compounds that promote mitophagy and lifespan. This article aims to summarize the existing knowledge about these substances. For readers' convenience, the knowledge is presented in a table that indicates the chemical data of each substance and its effect on lifespan. The impact on healthspan and the molecular mechanism is reported if known. The article explores the potential of utilizing a combination of mitophagy-inducing drugs within a therapeutic framework and addresses the associated challenges of this strategy. Finally, we discuss the process that balances mitophagy, i.e. mitochondrial biogenesis. In this process, new mitochondrial components are generated to replace the ones cleared by mitophagy. Furthermore, some mitophagy-inducing substances activate biogenesis (e.g. resveratrol and metformin). Finally, we discuss the possibility of combining mitophagy and biogenesis enhancers for future treatment. In conclusion, this article provides an up-to-date source of information about natural and synthetic substances that activate mitophagy and, hopefully, stimulates new hypotheses and studies that promote healthy human aging worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijigisha Srivastava
- Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12271, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12271, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dey AK, Banarjee R, Boroumand M, Rutherford DV, Strassheim Q, Nyunt T, Olinger B, Basisty N. Translating Senotherapeutic Interventions into the Clinic with Emerging Proteomic Technologies. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1301. [PMID: 37887011 PMCID: PMC10604147 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible growth arrest with profound phenotypic changes, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cell accumulation contributes to aging and many pathologies including chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Targeted removal of senescent cells in preclinical models promotes health and longevity, suggesting that the selective elimination of senescent cells is a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating a myriad of age-related pathologies in humans. However, moving senescence-targeting drugs (senotherapeutics) into the clinic will require therapeutic targets and biomarkers, fueled by an improved understanding of the complex and dynamic biology of senescent cell populations and their molecular profiles, as well as the mechanisms underlying the emergence and maintenance of senescence cells and the SASP. Advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies and workflows have the potential to address these needs. Here, we review the state of translational senescence research and how proteomic approaches have added to our knowledge of senescence biology to date. Further, we lay out a roadmap from fundamental biological discovery to the clinical translation of senotherapeutic approaches through the development and application of emerging proteomic technologies, including targeted and untargeted proteomic approaches, bottom-up and top-down methods, stability proteomics, and surfaceomics. These technologies are integral for probing the cellular composition and dynamics of senescent cells and, ultimately, the development of senotype-specific biomarkers and senotherapeutics (senolytics and senomorphics). This review aims to highlight emerging areas and applications of proteomics that will aid in exploring new senescent cell biology and the future translation of senotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nathan Basisty
- Translational Geroproteomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.K.D.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (D.V.R.); (Q.S.); (T.N.); (B.O.)
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42
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Kaeberlein TL, Green AS, Haddad G, Hudson J, Isman A, Nyquist A, Rosen BS, Suh Y, Zalzala S, Zhang X, Blagosklonny MV, An JY, Kaeberlein M. Evaluation of off-label rapamycin use to promote healthspan in 333 adults. GeroScience 2023; 45:2757-2768. [PMID: 37191826 PMCID: PMC10187519 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin (sirolimus) is an FDA-approved drug with immune-modulating and growth-inhibitory properties. Preclinical studies have shown that rapamycin extends lifespan and healthspan metrics in yeast, invertebrates, and rodents. Several physicians are now prescribing rapamycin off-label as a preventative therapy to maintain healthspan. Thus far, however, there is limited data available on side effects or efficacy associated with use of rapamycin in this context. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, we collected data from 333 adults with a history of off-label use of rapamycin by survey. Similar data were also collected from 172 adults who had never used rapamycin. Here, we describe the general characteristics of a patient cohort using off-label rapamycin and present initial evidence that rapamycin can be used safely in adults of normal health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammi L Kaeberlein
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Johnny Hudson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Xingyu Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Y An
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Optispan Geroscience, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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43
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Konopka AR, Lamming DW. Blazing a trail for the clinical use of rapamycin as a geroprotecTOR. GeroScience 2023; 45:2769-2783. [PMID: 37801202 PMCID: PMC10643772 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex One (mTORC1) protein kinase, has been repeatedly demonstrated to extend lifespan and prevent or delay age-related diseases in diverse model systems. Concerns over the risk of potentially serious side effects in humans, including immunosuppression and metabolic disruptions, have cautiously limited the translation of rapamycin and its analogs as a treatment for aging associated conditions. During the last decade, we and others have developed a working model that suggests that while inhibition of mTORC1 promotes healthy aging, many of the negative side effects of rapamycin are associated with "off-target" inhibition of a second mTOR complex, mTORC2. Differences in the kinetics and molecular mechanisms by which rapamycin inhibits mTORC1 and mTORC2 suggest that a therapeutic window for rapamycin could be exploited using intermittent dosing schedules or alternative rapalogs that may enable more selective inhibition of mTORC1. However, the optimal dosing schedules and the long-term efficacy of such interventions in humans are unknown. Here, we highlight ongoing or upcoming clinical trials that will address outstanding questions regarding the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of rapamycin and rapalogs on several clinically oriented outcomes. Results from these early phase studies will help guide the design of phase 3 clinical trials to determine whether rapamycin can be used safely to inhibit mTORC1 for the treatment and prevention of age-related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Konopka
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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44
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Habibi-Kavashkohie MR, Scorza T, Oubaha M. Senescent Cells: Dual Implications on the Retinal Vascular System. Cells 2023; 12:2341. [PMID: 37830555 PMCID: PMC10571659 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, triggers a series of gradual alterations in structure, metabolism, and function, as well as inflammatory gene expression that nurtures a low-grade proinflammatory milieu in human tissue. A growing body of evidence indicates an accumulation of senescent neurons and blood vessels in response to stress and aging in the retina. Prolonged accumulation of senescent cells and long-term activation of stress signaling responses may lead to multiple chronic diseases, tissue dysfunction, and age-related pathologies by exposing neighboring cells to the heightened pathological senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the ultimate impacts of cellular senescence on the retinal vasculopathies and retinal vascular development remain ill-defined. In this review, we first summarize the molecular players and fundamental mechanisms driving cellular senescence, as well as the beneficial implications of senescent cells in driving vital physiological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Then, the dual implications of senescent cells on the growth, hemostasis, and remodeling of retinal blood vessels are described to document how senescent cells contribute to both retinal vascular development and the severity of proliferative retinopathies. Finally, we discuss the two main senotherapeutic strategies-senolytics and senomorphics-that are being considered to safely interfere with the detrimental effects of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Habibi-Kavashkohie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
| | - Tatiana Scorza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
| | - Malika Oubaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada; (M.R.H.-K.); (T.S.)
- The Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases, Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, QC H3G 1E8, Canada
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45
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Manes A, Di Renzo T, Dodani L, Reale A, Gautiero C, Di Lauro M, Nasti G, Manco F, Muscariello E, Guida B, Tarantino G, Cataldi M. Pharmacomicrobiomics of Classical Immunosuppressant Drugs: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2562. [PMID: 37761003 PMCID: PMC10526314 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical response to classical immunosuppressant drugs (cIMDs) is highly variable among individuals. We performed a systematic review of published evidence supporting the hypothesis that gut microorganisms may contribute to this variability by affecting cIMD pharmacokinetics, efficacy or tolerability. The evidence that these drugs affect the composition of intestinal microbiota was also reviewed. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched using specific keywords without limits of species (human or animal) or time from publication. One thousand and fifty five published papers were retrieved in the initial database search. After screening, 50 papers were selected to be reviewed. Potential effects on cIMD pharmacokinetics, efficacy or tolerability were observed in 17/20 papers evaluating this issue, in particular with tacrolimus, cyclosporine, mycophenolic acid and corticosteroids, whereas evidence was missing for everolimus and sirolimus. Only one of the papers investigating the effect of cIMDs on the gut microbiota reported negative results while all the others showed significant changes in the relative abundance of specific intestinal bacteria. However, no unique pattern of microbiota modification was observed across the different studies. In conclusion, the available evidence supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota could contribute to the variability in the response to some cIMDs, whereas data are still missing for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Manes
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Tiziana Di Renzo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (T.D.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Loreta Dodani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Anna Reale
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (T.D.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Claudia Gautiero
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.D.L.); (G.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Mariastella Di Lauro
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.D.L.); (G.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Gilda Nasti
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.D.L.); (G.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Federica Manco
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Espedita Muscariello
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, 80059 Naples, Italy;
| | - Bruna Guida
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (M.D.L.); (G.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (F.M.)
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46
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Smith HJ, Lanjuin A, Sharma A, Prabhakar A, Nowak E, Stine PG, Sehgal R, Stojanovski K, Towbin BD, Mair WB. Neuronal mTORC1 inhibition promotes longevity without suppressing anabolic growth and reproduction in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010938. [PMID: 37721956 PMCID: PMC10538657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) is a metabolic sensor that promotes growth when nutrients are abundant. Ubiquitous inhibition of mTORC1 extends lifespan in multiple organisms but also disrupts several anabolic processes resulting in stunted growth, slowed development, reduced fertility, and disrupted metabolism. However, it is unclear if these pleiotropic effects of mTORC1 inhibition can be uncoupled from longevity. Here, we utilize the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system to restrict mTORC1 inhibition to C. elegans neurons. We find that neuron-specific degradation of RAGA-1, an upstream activator of mTORC1, or LET-363, the ortholog of mammalian mTOR, is sufficient to extend lifespan in C. elegans. Unlike raga-1 loss of function genetic mutations or somatic AID of RAGA-1, neuronal AID of RAGA-1 robustly extends lifespan without impairing body size, developmental rate, brood size, or neuronal function. Moreover, while degradation of RAGA-1 in all somatic tissues alters the expression of thousands of genes, demonstrating the widespread effects of mTORC1 inhibition, degradation of RAGA-1 in neurons only results in around 200 differentially expressed genes with a specific enrichment in metabolism and stress response. Notably, our work demonstrates that targeting mTORC1 specifically in the nervous system in C. elegans uncouples longevity from growth and reproductive impairments, and that many canonical effects of low mTORC1 activity are not required to promote healthy aging. These data challenge previously held ideas about the mechanisms of mTORC1 lifespan extension and underscore the potential of promoting longevity by neuron-specific mTORC1 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Smith
- Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne Lanjuin
- Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aditi Prabhakar
- Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ewelina Nowak
- Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter G. Stine
- Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rohan Sehgal
- Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - William B. Mair
- Dept. Molecular Metabolism, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States of America
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47
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Mebratu YA, Soni S, Rosas L, Rojas M, Horowitz JC, Nho R. The aged extracellular matrix and the profibrotic role of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C565-C579. [PMID: 37486065 PMCID: PMC10511170 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00124.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible and fatal lung disease that is primarily found in the elderly population, and several studies have demonstrated that aging is the major risk factor for IPF. IPF is characterized by the presence of apoptosis-resistant, senescent fibroblasts that generate an excessively stiff extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM profoundly affects cellular functions and tissue homeostasis, and an aberrant ECM is closely associated with the development of lung fibrosis. Aging progressively alters ECM components and is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells that promote age-related tissue dysfunction through the expression of factors linked to a senescence-associated secretary phenotype (SASP). There is growing evidence that SASP factors affect various cell behaviors and influence ECM turnover in lung tissue through autocrine and/or paracrine signaling mechanisms. Since life expectancy is increasing worldwide, it is important to elucidate how aging affects ECM dynamics and turnover via SASP and thereby promotes lung fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on the molecular properties of SASP and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the pathophysiological process of ECM remodeling by SASP factors and the influence of an altered ECM from aged lungs on the development of lung fibrosis will be highlighted. Finally, recent attempts to target ECM alteration and senescent cells to modulate fibrosis will be introduced.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging is the most prominent nonmodifiable risk factor for various human diseases including Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aging progressively alters extracellular matrix components and is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells that promote age-related tissue dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the pathological impact of aging and senescence on lung fibrosis via senescence-associated secretary phenotype factors and potential therapeutic approaches to limit the progression of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes A Mebratu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sourabh Soni
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lorena Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Richard Nho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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48
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Artoni F, Grützmacher N, Demetriades C. Unbiased evaluation of rapamycin's specificity as an mTOR inhibitor. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13888. [PMID: 37222020 PMCID: PMC10410055 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that functions as an immunosuppressive and anti-cancer agent, and displays robust anti-ageing effects in multiple organisms including humans. Importantly, rapamycin analogues (rapalogs) are of clinical importance against certain cancer types and neurodevelopmental diseases. Although rapamycin is widely perceived as an allosteric inhibitor of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), the master regulator of cellular and organismal physiology, its specificity has not been thoroughly evaluated so far. In fact, previous studies in cells and in mice hinted that rapamycin may be also acting independently from mTOR to influence various cellular processes. Here, we generated a gene-edited cell line that expresses a rapamycin-resistant mTOR mutant (mTORRR ) and assessed the effects of rapamycin treatment on the transcriptome and proteome of control or mTORRR -expressing cells. Our data reveal a striking specificity of rapamycin towards mTOR, demonstrated by virtually no changes in mRNA or protein levels in rapamycin-treated mTORRR cells, even following prolonged drug treatment. Overall, this study provides the first unbiased and conclusive assessment of rapamycin's specificity, with potential implications for ageing research and human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Artoni
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI‐AGE)CologneGermany
- Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research (CGA)CologneGermany
| | - Nina Grützmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI‐AGE)CologneGermany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI‐AGE)CologneGermany
- Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research (CGA)CologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
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49
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Grigorian Shamagian L, Rogers RG, Luther K, Angert D, Echavez A, Liu W, Middleton R, Antes T, Valle J, Fourier M, Sanchez L, Jaghatspanyan E, Mariscal J, Zhang R, Marbán E. Rejuvenating effects of young extracellular vesicles in aged rats and in cellular models of human senescence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12240. [PMID: 37507448 PMCID: PMC10382547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rejuvenation of an old organism was achieved in heterochronic parabiosis experiments, implicating different soluble factors in this effect. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the secretory effectors of many cells, including cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) with demonstrated anti-senescent effect. 1. To determine the role of EVs (versus other blood fractions) on the rejuvenating effect of the young blood. 2. To evaluate the anti-aging properties of therapeutically administered EVs secreted by young-CDCs in an old organism. Neonatal blood fractioned in 4 components (whole blood, serum, EV-depleted serum and purified EVs) was used to treat old human cardiac stromal cells (CSPCs). CDCs were generated from neonatal rat hearts and the secreted CDC-EVs were purified. CDC-EVs were then tested in naturally-aged rats, using monthly injections over 4-months period. For validation in human samples, pediatric CDC-EVs were tested in aged human CSPCs and progeric fibroblasts. While the purified EVs reproduced the rejuvenating effects of the whole blood, CSPCs treated with EV-depleted serum exhibited the highest degree of senescence. Treatment with young CDC-EVs induce structural and functional improvements in the heart, lungs, skeletal muscle, and kidneys of old rats, while favorably modulating glucose metabolism and anti-senescence pathways. Lifespan was prolonged. EVs secreted by young CDCs exert broad-ranging anti-aging effects in aged rodents and in cellular models of human senescence. Our work not only identifies CDC-EVs as possible therapeutic candidates for a wide range of age-related pathologies, but also raises the question of whether EVs function as endogenous modulators of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Grigorian Shamagian
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, c/O'Donnell 48-50 (planta -1), 28009, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Russell G Rogers
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Luther
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Angert
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Echavez
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weixin Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Middleton
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Travis Antes
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jackelyn Valle
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario Fourier
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liz Sanchez
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eva Jaghatspanyan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javier Mariscal
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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Blagosklonny MV. Towards disease-oriented dosing of rapamycin for longevity: does aging exist or only age-related diseases? Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6632-6640. [PMID: 37477535 PMCID: PMC10415559 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Both individuals taking rapamycin, an anti-aging drug, and those not taking it will ultimately succumb to age-related diseases. However, the former, if administered disease-oriented dosages for a long time, may experience a delayed onset of such diseases and live longer. The goal is to delay a particular disease that is expected to be life-limiting in a particular person. Age-related diseases, quasi-programmed during development, progress at varying rates in different individuals. Rapamycin is a prophylactic anti-aging drug that decelerates early development of age-related diseases. I further discuss hyperfunction theory of quasi-programmed diseases, which challenges the need for the traditional concept of aging itself.
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