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Lorca-Cámara A, Blot FGC, Accanto N. Recent advances in light patterned optogenetic photostimulation in freely moving mice. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11508. [PMID: 38404422 PMCID: PMC10885521 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Optogenetics opened the door to a new era of neuroscience. New optical developments are under way to enable high-resolution neuronal activity imaging and selective photostimulation of neuronal ensembles in freely moving animals. These advancements could allow researchers to interrogate, with cellular precision, functionally relevant neuronal circuits in the framework of naturalistic brain activity. We provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art of imaging and photostimulation in freely moving rodents and present a road map for future optical and engineering developments toward miniaturized microscopes that could reach beyond the currently existing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François G C Blot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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2
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Ding P, Wahn H, Chen FD, Li J, Mu X, Stalmashonak A, Luo X, Lo GQ, Poon JKS, Sacher WD. Photonic neural probe enabled microendoscopes for light-sheet light-field computational fluorescence brain imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11503. [PMID: 38322247 PMCID: PMC10846542 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Significance Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy is widely used for high-speed, high-contrast, volumetric imaging. Application of this technique to in vivo brain imaging in non-transparent organisms has been limited by the geometric constraints of conventional light-sheet microscopes, which require orthogonal fluorescence excitation and collection objectives. We have recently demonstrated implantable photonic neural probes that emit addressable light sheets at depth in brain tissue, miniaturizing the excitation optics. Here, we propose a microendoscope consisting of a light-sheet neural probe packaged together with miniaturized fluorescence collection optics based on an image fiber bundle for lensless, light-field, computational fluorescence imaging. Aim Foundry-fabricated, silicon-based, light-sheet neural probes can be packaged together with commercially available image fiber bundles to form microendoscopes for light-sheet light-field fluorescence imaging at depth in brain tissue. Approach Prototype microendoscopes were developed using light-sheet neural probes with five addressable sheets and image fiber bundles. Fluorescence imaging with the microendoscopes was tested with fluorescent beads suspended in agarose and fixed mouse brain tissue. Results Volumetric light-sheet light-field fluorescence imaging was demonstrated using the microendoscopes. Increased imaging depth and enhanced reconstruction accuracy were observed relative to epi-illumination light-field imaging using only a fiber bundle. Conclusions Our work offers a solution toward volumetric fluorescence imaging of brain tissue with a compact size and high contrast. The proof-of-concept demonstrations herein illustrate the operating principles and methods of the imaging approach, providing a foundation for future investigations of photonic neural probe enabled microendoscopes for deep-brain fluorescence imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Ding
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes Wahn
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Fu-Der Chen
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Mu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Joyce K. S. Poon
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wesley D. Sacher
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang Y, Yuan L, Zhu Q, Wu J, Nöbauer T, Zhang R, Xiao G, Wang M, Xie H, Guo Z, Dai Q, Vaziri A. A miniaturized mesoscope for the large-scale single-neuron-resolved imaging of neuronal activity in freely behaving mice. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01226-2. [PMID: 38902522 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the relationship between neuronal dynamics and ethologically relevant behaviour involves recording neuronal-population activity using technologies that are compatible with unrestricted animal behaviour. However, head-mounted microscopes that accommodate weight limits to allow for free animal behaviour typically compromise field of view, resolution or depth range, and are susceptible to movement-induced artefacts. Here we report a miniaturized head-mounted fluorescent mesoscope that we systematically optimized for calcium imaging at single-neuron resolution, for increased fields of view and depth of field, and for robustness against motion-generated artefacts. Weighing less than 2.5 g, the mesoscope enabled recordings of neuronal-population activity at up to 16 Hz, with 4 μm resolution over 300 μm depth-of-field across a field of view of 3.6 × 3.6 mm2 in the cortex of freely moving mice. We used the mesoscope to record large-scale neuronal-population activity in socially interacting mice during free exploration and during fear-conditioning experiments, and to investigate neurovascular coupling across multiple cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lekang Yuan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiyu Zhu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tobias Nöbauer
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rujin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Xiao
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrui Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengcai Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Garcia-Garcia MG, Kapoor A, Akinwale O, Takemaru L, Kim TH, Paton C, Litwin-Kumar A, Schnitzer MJ, Luo L, Wagner MJ. A cerebellar granule cell-climbing fiber computation to learn to track long time intervals. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00366-0. [PMID: 38870929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In classical cerebellar learning, Purkinje cells (PkCs) associate climbing fiber (CF) error signals with predictive granule cells (GrCs) that were active just prior (∼150 ms). The cerebellum also contributes to behaviors characterized by longer timescales. To investigate how GrC-CF-PkC circuits might learn seconds-long predictions, we imaged simultaneous GrC-CF activity over days of forelimb operant conditioning for delayed water reward. As mice learned reward timing, numerous GrCs developed anticipatory activity ramping at different rates until reward delivery, followed by widespread time-locked CF spiking. Relearning longer delays further lengthened GrC activations. We computed CF-dependent GrC→PkC plasticity rules, demonstrating that reward-evoked CF spikes sufficed to grade many GrC synapses by anticipatory timing. We predicted and confirmed that PkCs could thereby continuously ramp across seconds-long intervals from movement to reward. Learning thus leads to new GrC temporal bases linking predictors to remote CF reward signals-a strategy well suited for learning to track the long intervals common in cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha G Garcia-Garcia
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Akash Kapoor
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Akinwale
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Lina Takemaru
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Tony Hyun Kim
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Casey Paton
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Ashok Litwin-Kumar
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark J Wagner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
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5
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Celinskis D, Black CJ, Murphy J, Barrios-Anderson A, Friedman NG, Shaner NC, Saab CY, Gomez-Ramirez M, Borton DA, Moore CI. Toward a brighter constellation: multiorgan neuroimaging of neural and vascular dynamics in the spinal cord and brain. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:024209. [PMID: 38725801 PMCID: PMC11079446 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.024209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance Pain comprises a complex interaction between motor action and somatosensation that is dependent on dynamic interactions between the brain and spinal cord. This makes understanding pain particularly challenging as it involves rich interactions between many circuits (e.g., neural and vascular) and signaling cascades throughout the body. As such, experimentation on a single region may lead to an incomplete and potentially incorrect understanding of crucial underlying mechanisms. Aim We aimed to develop and validate tools to enable detailed and extended observation of neural and vascular activity in the brain and spinal cord. The first key set of innovations was targeted to developing novel imaging hardware that addresses the many challenges of multisite imaging. The second key set of innovations was targeted to enabling bioluminescent (BL) imaging, as this approach can address limitations of fluorescent microscopy including photobleaching, phototoxicity, and decreased resolution due to scattering of excitation signals. Approach We designed 3D-printed brain and spinal cord implants to enable effective surgical implantations and optical access with wearable miniscopes or an open window (e.g., for one- or two-photon microscopy or optogenetic stimulation). We also tested the viability for BL imaging and developed a novel modified miniscope optimized for these signals (BLmini). Results We describe "universal" implants for acute and chronic simultaneous brain-spinal cord imaging and optical stimulation. We further describe successful imaging of BL signals in both foci and a new miniscope, the "BLmini," which has reduced weight, cost, and form-factor relative to standard wearable miniscopes. Conclusions The combination of 3D-printed implants, advanced imaging tools, and bioluminescence imaging techniques offers a coalition of methods for understanding spinal cord-brain interactions. Our work has the potential for use in future research into neuropathic pain and other sensory disorders and motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrijs Celinskis
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | | | - Jeremy Murphy
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | | | - Nina G. Friedman
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Nathan C. Shaner
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Carl Y. Saab
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Neurological Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Manuel Gomez-Ramirez
- University of Rochester, School of Arts and Sciences, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - David A. Borton
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Brown University, School of Engineering, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
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6
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Yu Y, Adsit LM, Smith IT. Comprehensive software suite for functional analysis and synaptic input mapping of dendritic spines imaged in vivo. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:024307. [PMID: 38628980 PMCID: PMC11021036 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.024307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance Advances in genetically encoded sensors and two-photon imaging have unlocked functional imaging at the level of single dendritic spines. Synaptic activity can be measured in real time in awake animals. However, tools are needed to facilitate the analysis of the large datasets acquired by the approach. Commonly available software suites for imaging calcium transients in cell bodies are ill-suited for spine imaging as dendritic spines have structural characteristics distinct from those of the cell bodies. We present an automated tuning analysis tool (AUTOTUNE), which provides analysis routines specifically developed for the extraction and analysis of signals from subcellular compartments, including dendritic subregions and spines. Aim Although the acquisition of in vivo functional synaptic imaging data is increasingly accessible, a hurdle remains in the computation-heavy analyses of the acquired data. The aim of this study is to overcome this barrier by offering a comprehensive software suite with a user-friendly interface for easy access to nonprogrammers. Approach We demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of our software with demo analyses of dendritic imaging data acquired from layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse V1 in vivo. A user manual and demo datasets are also provided. Results AUTOTUNE provides a robust workflow for analyzing functional imaging data from neuronal dendrites. Features include source image registration, segmentation of regions-of-interest and detection of structural turnover, fluorescence transient extraction and smoothing, subtraction of signals from putative backpropagating action potentials, and stimulus and behavioral parameter response tuning analyses. Conclusions AUTOTUNE is open-source and extendable for diverse functional synaptic imaging experiments. The ease of functional characterization of dendritic spine activity provided by our software can accelerate new functional studies that complement decades of morphological studies of dendrites, and further expand our understanding of neural circuits in health and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yu
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Liam M. Adsit
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Ikuko T. Smith
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, California, United States
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Neuroscience Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, United States
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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7
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Takahashi T, Zhang H, Agetsuma M, Nabekura J, Otomo K, Okamura Y, Nemoto T. Large-scale cranial window for in vivo mouse brain imaging utilizing fluoropolymer nanosheet and light-curable resin. Commun Biol 2024; 7:232. [PMID: 38438546 PMCID: PMC10912766 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy enables in vivo imaging of neuronal activity in mammalian brains at high resolution. However, two-photon imaging tools for stable, long-term, and simultaneous study of multiple brain regions in same mice are lacking. Here, we propose a method to create large cranial windows covering such as the whole parietal cortex and cerebellum in mice using fluoropolymer nanosheets covered with light-curable resin (termed the 'Nanosheet Incorporated into light-curable REsin' or NIRE method). NIRE method can produce cranial windows conforming the curved cortical and cerebellar surfaces, without motion artifacts in awake mice, and maintain transparency for >5 months. In addition, we demonstrate that NIRE method can be used for in vivo two-photon imaging of neuronal ensembles, individual neurons and subcellular structures such as dendritic spines. The NIRE method can facilitate in vivo large-scale analysis of heretofore inaccessible neural processes, such as the neuroplastic changes associated with maturation, learning and neural pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Takahashi
- Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Medical and Robotic Engineering Design, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Masakazu Agetsuma
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Quantum Regenerative and Biomedical Engineering Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Chiba Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okamura
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
- Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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8
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Hur SW, Safaryan K, Yang L, Blair HT, Masmanidis SC, Mathews PJ, Aharoni D, Golshani P. Correlated signatures of social behavior in cerebellum and anterior cingulate cortex. eLife 2024; 12:RP88439. [PMID: 38345922 PMCID: PMC10942583 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum has been implicated in the regulation of social behavior. Its influence is thought to arise from communication, via the thalamus, to forebrain regions integral in the expression of social interactions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the signals encoded or the nature of the communication between the cerebellum and these brain regions is poorly understood. Here, we describe an approach that overcomes technical challenges in exploring the coordination of distant brain regions at high temporal and spatial resolution during social behavior. We developed the E-Scope, an electrophysiology-integrated miniature microscope, to synchronously measure extracellular electrical activity in the cerebellum along with calcium imaging of the ACC. This single coaxial cable device combined these data streams to provide a powerful tool to monitor the activity of distant brain regions in freely behaving animals. During social behavior, we recorded the spike timing of multiple single units in cerebellar right Crus I (RCrus I) Purkinje cells (PCs) or dentate nucleus (DN) neurons while synchronously imaging calcium transients in contralateral ACC neurons. We found that during social interactions a significant subpopulation of cerebellar PCs were robustly inhibited, while most modulated neurons in the DN were activated, and their activity was correlated with positively modulated ACC neurons. These distinctions largely disappeared when only non-social epochs were analyzed suggesting that cerebellar-cortical interactions were behaviorally specific. Our work provides new insights into the complexity of cerebellar activation and co-modulation of the ACC during social behavior and a valuable open-source tool for simultaneous, multimodal recordings in freely behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Hur
- Department of Neurology, DGSOM, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Karen Safaryan
- Department of Neurology, DGSOM, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hugh T Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Sotiris C Masmanidis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Paul J Mathews
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Daniel Aharoni
- Department of Neurology, DGSOM, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology, DGSOM, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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Li Y, Cheng Z, Wang C, Lin J, Jiang H, Cui M. Geometric transformation adaptive optics (GTAO) for volumetric deep brain imaging through gradient-index lenses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1031. [PMID: 38310087 PMCID: PMC10838304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The advance of genetic function indicators has enabled the observation of neuronal activities at single-cell resolutions. A major challenge for the applications on mammalian brains is the limited optical access depth. Currently, the method of choice to access deep brain structures is to insert miniature optical components. Among these validated miniature optics, the gradient-index (GRIN) lens has been widely employed for its compactness and simplicity. However, due to strong fourth-order astigmatism, GRIN lenses suffer from a small imaging field of view, which severely limits the measurement throughput and success rate. To overcome these challenges, we developed geometric transformation adaptive optics (GTAO), which enables adaptable achromatic large-volume correction through GRIN lenses. We demonstrate its major advances through in vivo structural and functional imaging of mouse brains. The results suggest that GTAO can serve as a versatile solution to enable large-volume recording of deep brain structures and activities through GRIN lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zongyue Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chenmao Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jianian Lin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hehai Jiang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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10
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Zhu X, Gu L, Li R, Chen L, Chen J, Zhou N, Ren W. MiniMounter: A low-cost miniaturized microscopy development toolkit for image quality control and enhancement. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300214. [PMID: 37877307 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Head-mounted miniaturized fluorescence microscopy (Miniscope) has emerged as a significant tool in neuroscience, particularly for behavioral studies in awake rodents. However, the challenges of image quality control and standardization persist for both Miniscope users and developers. In this study, we propose a cost-effective and comprehensive toolkit named MiniMounter. This toolkit comprises a hardware platform that offers customized grippers and four-degree-of-freedom adjustment for Miniscope, along with software that integrates displacement control, image quality evaluation, and enhancement of 3D visualization. Our toolkit makes it feasible to accurately characterize Miniscope. Furthermore, MiniMounter enables auto-focusing and 3D imaging for Miniscope prototypes that possess solely a 2D imaging function, as demonstrated in phantom and animal experiments. Overall, the implementation of MiniMounter effectively enhances image quality, reduces the time required for experimental operations and image evaluation, and consequently accelerates the development and research cycle for both users and developers within the Miniscope community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangtao Gu
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuwei Ren
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Altahini S, Arnoux I, Stroh A. Optogenetics 2.0: challenges and solutions towards a quantitative probing of neural circuits. Biol Chem 2024; 405:43-54. [PMID: 37650383 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
To exploit the full potential of optogenetics, we need to titrate and tailor optogenetic methods to emulate naturalistic circuit function. For that, the following prerequisites need to be met: first, we need to target opsin expression not only to genetically defined neurons per se, but to specifically target a functional node. Second, we need to assess the scope of optogenetic modulation, i.e. the fraction of optogenetically modulated neurons. Third, we need to integrate optogenetic control in a closed loop setting. Fourth, we need to further safe and stable gene expression and light delivery to bring optogenetics to the clinics. Here, we review these concepts for the human and rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Altahini
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, D-55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabelle Arnoux
- Cerebral Physiopathology Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université PSL, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, D-55122 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Xue F, Li F, Zhang KM, Ding L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Xu F, Zhang D, Sun M, Lau PM, Zhu Q, Zhou P, Bi GQ. Multi-region calcium imaging in freely behaving mice with ultra-compact head-mounted fluorescence microscopes. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad294. [PMID: 38288367 PMCID: PMC10824555 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the circuit-level neural mechanisms of behavior, simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity in multiple cortical and subcortical regions is highly desired. Miniature head-mounted microscopes offer the capability of calcium imaging in freely behaving animals. However, implanting multiple microscopes on a mouse brain remains challenging due to space constraints and the cumbersome weight of the equipment. Here, we present TINIscope, a Tightly Integrated Neuronal Imaging microscope optimized for electronic and opto-mechanical design. With its compact and lightweight design of 0.43 g, TINIscope enables unprecedented simultaneous imaging of behavior-relevant activity in up to four brain regions in mice. Proof-of-concept experiments with TINIscope recorded over 1000 neurons in four hippocampal subregions and revealed concurrent activity patterns spanning across these regions. Moreover, we explored potential multi-modal experimental designs by integrating additional modules for optogenetics, electrical stimulation or local field potential recordings. Overall, TINIscope represents a timely and indispensable tool for studying the brain-wide interregional coordination that underlies unrestrained behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instruments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fei Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke-ming Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lufeng Ding
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- Department of Modern Life Sciences and Biotecnology, Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan New Area, Xiongan 071899, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Danke Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingzhai Sun
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pak-Ming Lau
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
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13
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Celinskis D, Black CJ, Murphy J, Barrios-Anderson A, Friedman N, Shaner NC, Saab C, Gomez-Ramirez M, Lipscombe D, Borton DA, Moore CI. Towards a Brighter Constellation: Multi-Organ Neuroimaging of Neural and Vascular Dynamics in the Spinal Cord and Brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.25.573323. [PMID: 38234789 PMCID: PMC10793404 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.25.573323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance Pain is comprised of a complex interaction between motor action and somatosensation that is dependent on dynamic interactions between the brain and spinal cord. This makes understanding pain particularly challenging as it involves rich interactions between many circuits (e.g., neural and vascular) and signaling cascades throughout the body. As such, experimentation on a single region may lead to an incomplete and potentially incorrect understanding of crucial underlying mechanisms. Aim Here, we aimed to develop and validate new tools to enable detailed and extended observation of neural and vascular activity in the brain and spinal cord. The first key set of innovations were targeted to developing novel imaging hardware that addresses the many challenges of multi-site imaging. The second key set of innovations were targeted to enabling bioluminescent imaging, as this approach can address limitations of fluorescent microscopy including photobleaching, phototoxicity and decreased resolution due to scattering of excitation signals. Approach We designed 3D-printed brain and spinal cord implants to enable effective surgical implantations and optical access with wearable miniscopes or an open window (e.g., for one- or two-photon microscopy or optogenetic stimulation). We also tested the viability for bioluminescent imaging, and developed a novel modified miniscope optimized for these signals (BLmini). Results Here, we describe novel 'universal' implants for acute and chronic simultaneous brain-spinal cord imaging and optical stimulation. We further describe successful imaging of bioluminescent signals in both foci, and a new miniscope, the 'BLmini,' which has reduced weight, cost and form-factor relative to standard wearable miniscopes. Conclusions The combination of 3D printed implants, advanced imaging tools, and bioluminescence imaging techniques offers a new coalition of methods for understanding spinal cord-brain interactions. This work has the potential for use in future research into neuropathic pain and other sensory disorders and motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy Murphy
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Nina Friedman
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nathan C. Shaner
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carl Saab
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - David A. Borton
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI, USA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, RI, USA
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, RI, USA
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14
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Lee CH, Park YK, Lee K. Recent strategies for neural dynamics observation at a larger scale and wider scope. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115638. [PMID: 37647685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous technical progress in neuroscience offers opportunities to observe a more minor or/and broader dynamic picture of the brain. Moreover, the large-scale neural activity of individual neurons enables the dissection of detailed mechanistic links between neural populations and behaviors. To measure neural activity in-vivo, multi-neuron recording, and neuroimaging techniques are employed and developed to acquire more neurons. The tools introduced concurrently recorded dozens to hundreds of neurons in the coordinated brain regions and elucidated the neuronal ensembles from a massive population perspective of diverse neurons at cellular resolution. In particular, the increasing spatiotemporal resolution of neuronal monitoring across the whole brain dramatically facilitates our understanding of additional nervous system functions in health and disease. Here, we will introduce state-of-the-art neuroscience tools involving large-scale neural population recording and the long-range connections spanning multiple brain regions. Their synergic effects provide to clarify the controversial circuitry underlying neuroscience. These challenging neural tools present a promising outlook for the fundamental dynamic interplay across levels of synaptic cellular, circuit organization, and brain-wide. Hence, more observations of neural dynamics will provide more clues to elucidate brain functions and push forward innovative technology at the intersection of neural engineering disciplines. We hope this review will provide insight into the use or development of recent neural techniques considering spatiotemporal scales of brain observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hak Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kwon Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea.
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15
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Berndt A, Cai D, Cohen A, Juarez B, Iglesias JT, Xiong H, Qin Z, Tian L, Slesinger PA. Current Status and Future Strategies for Advancing Functional Circuit Mapping In Vivo. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7587-7598. [PMID: 37940594 PMCID: PMC10634581 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1391-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain represents one of the most complex biological systems, containing billions of neurons interconnected through trillions of synapses. Inherent to the brain is a biochemical complexity involving ions, signaling molecules, and peptides that regulate neuronal activity and allow for short- and long-term adaptations. Large-scale and noninvasive imaging techniques, such as fMRI and EEG, have highlighted brain regions involved in specific functions and visualized connections between different brain areas. A major shortcoming, however, is the need for more information on specific cell types and neurotransmitters involved, as well as poor spatial and temporal resolution. Recent technologies have been advanced for neuronal circuit mapping and implemented in behaving model organisms to address this. Here, we highlight strategies for targeting specific neuronal subtypes, identifying, and releasing signaling molecules, controlling gene expression, and monitoring neuronal circuits in real-time in vivo Combined, these approaches allow us to establish direct causal links from genes and molecules to the systems level and ultimately to cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Cai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenpeng Qin
- University of Texas-Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Lin Tian
- University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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16
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Hur SW, Safaryan K, Yang L, Blair HT, Masmanidis SC, Mathews PJ, Aharoni D, Golshani P. Correlated signatures of social behavior in cerebellum and anterior cingulate cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535750. [PMID: 37066345 PMCID: PMC10104017 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum has been implicated in the regulation of social behavior. Its influence is thought to arise from communication, via the thalamus, to forebrain regions integral in the expression of social interactions, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the signals encoded or the nature of the communication between the cerebellum and these brain regions is poorly understood. Here, we describe an approach that overcomes technical challenges in exploring the coordination of distant brain regions at high temporal and spatial resolution during social behavior. We developed the E-Scope, an electrophysiology-integrated miniature microscope, to synchronously measure extracellular electrical activity in the cerebellum along with calcium imaging of the ACC. This single coaxial cable device combined these data streams to provide a powerful tool to monitor the activity of distant brain regions in freely behaving animals. During social behavior, we recorded the spike timing of multiple single units in cerebellar right Crus I (RCrus I) Purkinje cells (PCs) or dentate nucleus (DN) neurons while synchronously imaging calcium transients in contralateral ACC neurons. We found that during social interactions a significant subpopulation of cerebellar PCs were robustly inhibited, while most modulated neurons in the DN were activated, and their activity was correlated with positively modulated ACC neurons. These distinctions largely disappeared when only non-social epochs were analyzed suggesting that cerebellar-cortical interactions were behaviorally specific. Our work provides new insights into the complexity of cerebellar activation and co-modulation of the ACC during social behavior and a valuable open-source tool for simultaneous, multimodal recordings in freely behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Hur
- Department of Neurology, DGSOM, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Karen Safaryan
- Department of Neurology, DGSOM, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hugh T Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sotiris C Masmanidis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul J Mathews
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Daniel Aharoni
- Department of Neurology, DGSOM, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology, DGSOM, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Kim SJ, Affan RO, Frostig H, Scott BB, Alexander AS. Advances in cellular resolution microscopy for brain imaging in rats. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044304. [PMID: 38076724 PMCID: PMC10704261 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Rats are used in neuroscience research because of their physiological similarities with humans and accessibility as model organisms, trainability, and behavioral repertoire. In particular, rats perform a wide range of sophisticated social, cognitive, motor, and learning behaviors within the contexts of both naturalistic and laboratory environments. Further progress in neuroscience can be facilitated by using advanced imaging methods to measure the complex neural and physiological processes during behavior in rats. However, compared with the mouse, the rat nervous system offers a set of challenges, such as larger brain size, decreased neuron density, and difficulty with head restraint. Here, we review recent advances in in vivo imaging techniques in rats with a special focus on open-source solutions for calcium imaging. Finally, we provide suggestions for both users and developers of in vivo imaging systems for rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rifqi O. Affan
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hadas Frostig
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Scott
- Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center and Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew S. Alexander
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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18
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Li J, Peng S, Zhang Y, Ge J, Gao S, Zhu Y, Bai Y, Wu S, Huang J. Glutamatergic Neurons in the Zona Incerta Modulate Pain and Itch Behaviors in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5866-5877. [PMID: 37354250 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggest that parvalbumin neurons in zona incerta (ZI) modulate pain and itch behavior in opposite manners. However, the role of ZI glutamatergic neurons, a unique incertal neuronal subpopulation residing in the caudal division, in pain and itch modulation remains unknown. In the present study, by combining chemogenetic manipulation, fiber photometry, and behavioral tests, we proved that incertal glutamatergic neurons served as an endogenous negative diencephalic modulator for both pain and itch processing. We demonstrated that ZI vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) neurons exhibited increased calcium signal upon hindpaw withdrawal in response to experimental mechanical and thermal stimuli. Behavioral tests further showed that pharmacogenetic activation of this specific type of neurons reduced nocifensive withdrawal responses in both naïve and inflammatory pain mice. Similar neural activity and modulatory role of ZI VGluT2 neurons were also observed upon histaminergic and non-histaminergic acute itch stimuli. Together, our study would expedite our understandings of brain mechanisms underlying somatosensory processing and modulation, and supply a novel therapeutic target for the management of chronic pain and itch disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Science Academy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shihao Peng
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Science Academy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Science Academy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Junye Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Science Academy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shasha Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Science Academy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Science Academy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110015, China.
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Science Academy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Basic Medical Science Academy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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19
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Grieco SF, Holmes TC, Xu X. Probing neural circuit mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease using novel technologies. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4407-4420. [PMID: 36959497 PMCID: PMC10827671 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has traditionally focused on neuropathological mechanisms that has guided therapies that attenuate neuropathological features. A new direction is emerging in AD research that focuses on the progressive loss of cognitive function due to disrupted neural circuit mechanisms. Evidence from humans and animal models of AD show that dysregulated circuits initiate a cascade of pathological events that culminate in functional loss of learning, memory, and other aspects of cognition. Recent progress in single-cell, spatial, and circuit omics informs this circuit-focused approach by determining the identities, locations, and circuitry of the specific cells affected by AD. Recently developed neuroscience tools allow for precise access to cell type-specific circuitry so that their functional roles in AD-related cognitive deficits and disease progression can be tested. An integrated systems-level understanding of AD-associated neural circuit mechanisms requires new multimodal and multi-scale interrogations that longitudinally measure and/or manipulate the ensemble properties of specific molecularly-defined neuron populations first susceptible to AD. These newly developed technological and conceptual advances present new opportunities for studying and treating circuits vulnerable in AD and represent the beginning of a new era for circuit-based AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Grieco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping (CNCM), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping (CNCM), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping (CNCM), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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20
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Greene J, Xue Y, Alido J, Matlock A, Hu G, Kiliç K, Davison I, Tian L. Pupil engineering for extended depth-of-field imaging in a fluorescence miniscope. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044302. [PMID: 37215637 PMCID: PMC10197144 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Significance Fluorescence head-mounted microscopes, i.e., miniscopes, have emerged as powerful tools to analyze in-vivo neural populations but exhibit a limited depth-of-field (DoF) due to the use of high numerical aperture (NA) gradient refractive index (GRIN) objective lenses. Aim We present extended depth-of-field (EDoF) miniscope, which integrates an optimized thin and lightweight binary diffractive optical element (DOE) onto the GRIN lens of a miniscope to extend the DoF by 2.8× between twin foci in fixed scattering samples. Approach We use a genetic algorithm that considers the GRIN lens' aberration and intensity loss from scattering in a Fourier optics-forward model to optimize a DOE and manufacture the DOE through single-step photolithography. We integrate the DOE into EDoF-Miniscope with a lateral accuracy of 70 μm to produce high-contrast signals without compromising the speed, spatial resolution, size, or weight. Results We characterize the performance of EDoF-Miniscope across 5- and 10-μm fluorescent beads embedded in scattering phantoms and demonstrate that EDoF-Miniscope facilitates deeper interrogations of neuronal populations in a 100-μm-thick mouse brain sample and vessels in a whole mouse brain sample. Conclusions Built from off-the-shelf components and augmented by a customizable DOE, we expect that this low-cost EDoF-Miniscope may find utility in a wide range of neural recording applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Greene
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yujia Xue
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeffrey Alido
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alex Matlock
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Guorong Hu
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kivilcim Kiliç
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ian Davison
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Biology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lei Tian
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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21
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van den Boom BJG, Elhazaz-Fernandez A, Rasmussen PA, van Beest EH, Parthasarathy A, Denys D, Willuhn I. Unraveling the mechanisms of deep-brain stimulation of the internal capsule in a mouse model. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5385. [PMID: 37666830 PMCID: PMC10477328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from otherwise therapy-resistant psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Modulation of cortico-striatal circuits has been suggested as a mechanism of action. To gain mechanistic insight, we monitored neuronal activity in cortico-striatal regions in a mouse model for compulsive behavior, while systematically varying clinically-relevant parameters of internal-capsule DBS. DBS showed dose-dependent effects on both brain and behavior: An increasing, yet balanced, number of excited and inhibited neurons was recruited, scattered throughout cortico-striatal regions, while excessive grooming decreased. Such neuronal recruitment did not alter basic brain function such as resting-state activity, and only occurred in awake animals, indicating a dependency on network activity. In addition to these widespread effects, we observed specific involvement of the medial orbitofrontal cortex in therapeutic outcomes, which was corroborated by optogenetic stimulation. Together, our findings provide mechanistic insight into how DBS exerts its therapeutic effects on compulsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastijn J G van den Boom
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alfredo Elhazaz-Fernandez
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Rasmussen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enny H van Beest
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aishwarya Parthasarathy
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Willuhn
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Zhang Y, Song X, Xie J, Hu J, Chen J, Li X, Zhang H, Zhou Q, Yuan L, Kong C, Shen Y, Wu J, Fang L, Dai Q. Large depth-of-field ultra-compact microscope by progressive optimization and deep learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4118. [PMID: 37433856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The optical microscope is customarily an instrument of substantial size and expense but limited performance. Here we report an integrated microscope that achieves optical performance beyond a commercial microscope with a 5×, NA 0.1 objective but only at 0.15 cm3 and 0.5 g, whose size is five orders of magnitude smaller than that of a conventional microscope. To achieve this, a progressive optimization pipeline is proposed which systematically optimizes both aspherical lenses and diffractive optical elements with over 30 times memory reduction compared to the end-to-end optimization. By designing a simulation-supervision deep neural network for spatially varying deconvolution during optical design, we accomplish over 10 times improvement in the depth-of-field compared to traditional microscopes with great generalization in a wide variety of samples. To show the unique advantages, the integrated microscope is equipped in a cell phone without any accessories for the application of portable diagnostics. We believe our method provides a new framework for the design of miniaturized high-performance imaging systems by integrating aspherical optics, computational optics, and deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multi-dimension & Multi-scale Computational Photography (MMCP), Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiachen Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multi-dimension & Multi-scale Computational Photography (MMCP), Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- OPPO Research Institute, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Li
- OPPO Research Institute, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- OPPO Research Institute, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqun Zhou
- OPPO Research Institute, 518101, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lekang Yuan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chui Kong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multi-dimension & Multi-scale Computational Photography (MMCP), Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multi-dimension & Multi-scale Computational Photography (MMCP), Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, 100084, Beijing, China.
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23
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Feshki M, Martel S, De Koninck Y, Gosselin B. Improving flat fluorescence microscopy in scattering tissue through deep learning strategies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:23008-23026. [PMID: 37475396 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy in small animals growingly contributes to the visualization of short- and long-term mammalian biological processes. Miniaturized fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized the observation of live animals' neural circuits. The technology's ability to further miniaturize to improve freely moving experimental settings is limited by its standard lens-based layout. Typical miniature microscope designs contain a stack of heavy and bulky optical components adjusted at relatively long distances. Computational lensless microscopy can overcome this limitation by replacing the lenses with a simple thin mask. Among other critical applications, Flat Fluorescence Microscope (FFM) holds promise to allow for real-time brain circuits imaging in freely moving animals, but recent research reports show that the quality needs to be improved, compared with imaging in clear tissue, for instance. Although promising results were reported with mask-based fluorescence microscopes in clear tissues, the impact of light scattering in biological tissue remains a major challenge. The outstanding performance of deep learning (DL) networks in computational flat cameras and imaging through scattering media studies motivates the development of deep learning models for FFMs. Our holistic ray-tracing and Monte Carlo FFM computational model assisted us in evaluating deep scattering medium imaging with DL techniques. We demonstrate that physics-based DL models combined with the classical reconstruction technique of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) perform a fast and robust image reconstruction, particularly in the scattering medium. The structural similarity indexes of the reconstructed images in scattering media recordings were increased by up to 20% compared with the prevalent iterative models. We also introduce and discuss the challenges of DL approaches for FFMs under physics-informed supervised and unsupervised learning.
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24
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Feshki M, De Koninck Y, Gosselin B. Deep Learning Empowered Fresnel-based Lensless Fluorescence Microscopy . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082985 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10339990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized the way neuroscientists study the brain in-vivo. Recent developments in computational lensless imaging promise a next generation of miniaturized microscopes in lensless fluorescence microscopy. We developed a microscope prototype using an optimized Fresnel amplitude mask. While many lensless imaging modalities have reported excellent performance using Deep Learning (DL) approaches, DL application in fluorescence imaging has been left untouched. We generated a computational dataset based on experimental system calibration to evaluate DL capabilities on biological cell morphologies. We show that our DL-assisted microscope can provide high-quality imaging with a structural similarity index of 89%. The least absolute error was decreased by 63% using the DL-assisted method compared with the classical models. The state-of-the-art performance of this prototype enhances the expected potential of amplitude masks in lensless microscopy applications, which are critical for robust in-vivo flat microscopy with engineered image sensors.Clinical Relevance- This study aids in advancing miniaturized fluorescence microscopy, which greatly impacts long-term brain circuit and disease studies in freely moving animal models.
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25
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Guo C, Blair GJ, Sehgal M, Sangiuliano Jimka FN, Bellafard A, Silva AJ, Golshani P, Basso MA, Blair HT, Aharoni D. Miniscope-LFOV: A large-field-of-view, single-cell-resolution, miniature microscope for wired and wire-free imaging of neural dynamics in freely behaving animals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3918. [PMID: 37083539 PMCID: PMC10121160 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imaging large-population, single-cell fluorescent dynamics in freely behaving animals larger than mice remains a key endeavor of neuroscience. We present a large-field-of-view open-source miniature microscope (MiniLFOV) designed for large-scale (3.6 mm × 2.7 mm), cellular resolution neural imaging in freely behaving rats. It has an electrically adjustable working distance of up to 3.5 mm ± 100 μm, incorporates an absolute head orientation sensor, and weighs only 13.9 g. The MiniLFOV is capable of both deep brain and cortical imaging and has been validated in freely behaving rats by simultaneously imaging >1000 GCaMP7s-expressing neurons in the hippocampal CA1 layer and in head-fixed mice by simultaneously imaging ~2000 neurons in the dorsal cortex through a cranial window. The MiniLFOV also supports optional wire-free operation using a novel, wire-free data acquisition expansion board. We expect that this new open-source implementation of the UCLA Miniscope platform will enable researchers to address novel hypotheses concerning brain function in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Guo
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Garrett J. Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Megha Sehgal
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Federico N. Sangiuliano Jimka
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arash Bellafard
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alcino J. Silva
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- West LA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michele A. Basso
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hugh Tad Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
| | - Daniel Aharoni
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Scherrer JR, Lynch GF, Zhang JJ, Fee MS. An optical design enabling lightweight and large field-of-view head-mounted microscopes. Nat Methods 2023; 20:546-549. [PMID: 36928075 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a fluorescence microscope light path that enables imaging, during free behavior, of thousands of neurons in mice and hundreds of neurons in juvenile songbirds. The light path eliminates traditional illumination optics, allowing for head-mounted microscopes that have both a lower weight and a larger field of view (FOV) than previously possible. Using this light path, we designed two microscopes: one optimized for FOV (~4 mm FOV; 1.4 g), and the other optimized for weight (1.0 mm FOV; 1.0 g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Scherrer
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Galen F Lynch
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jie J Zhang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michale S Fee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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27
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Guo C, Wang A, Cheng H, Chen L. New imaging instrument in animal models: Two-photon miniature microscope and large field of view miniature microscope for freely behaving animals. J Neurochem 2023; 164:270-283. [PMID: 36281555 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, novel optical imaging tools have been developed for imaging neuronal activities along with the evolution of fluorescence indicators with brighter expression and higher sensitivity. Miniature microscopes, as revolutionary approaches, enable the imaging of large populations of neuron ensembles in freely behaving rodents and mammals, which allows exploring the neural basis of behaviors. Recent progress in two-photon miniature microscopes and mesoscale single-photon miniature microscopes further expand those affordable methods to navigate neural activities during naturalistic behaviors. In this review article, two-photon miniature microscopy techniques are summarized historically from the first documented attempt to the latest ones, and comparisons are made. The driving force behind and their potential for neuroscientific inquiries are also discussed. Current progress in terms of the mesoscale, i.e., the large field-of-view miniature microscopy technique, is addressed as well. Then, pipelines for registering single cells from the data of two-photon and large field-of-view miniature microscopes are discussed. Finally, we present the potential evolution of the techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Guo
- Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
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28
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Chen Z, Blair GJ, Guo C, Zhou J, Romero-Sosa JL, Izquierdo A, Golshani P, Cong J, Aharoni D, Blair HT. A hardware system for real-time decoding of in vivo calcium imaging data. eLife 2023; 12:78344. [PMID: 36692269 PMCID: PMC9908073 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epifluorescence miniature microscopes ('miniscopes') are widely used for in vivo calcium imaging of neural population activity. Imaging data are typically collected during a behavioral task and stored for later offline analysis, but emerging techniques for online imaging can support novel closed-loop experiments in which neural population activity is decoded in real time to trigger neurostimulation or sensory feedback. To achieve short feedback latencies, online imaging systems must be optimally designed to maximize computational speed and efficiency while minimizing errors in population decoding. Here we introduce DeCalciOn, an open-source device for real-time imaging and population decoding of in vivo calcium signals that is hardware compatible with all miniscopes that use the UCLA Data Acquisition (DAQ) interface. DeCalciOn performs online motion stabilization, neural enhancement, calcium trace extraction, and decoding of up to 1024 traces per frame at latencies of <50 ms after fluorescence photons arrive at the miniscope image sensor. We show that DeCalciOn can accurately decode the position of rats (n = 12) running on a linear track from calcium fluorescence in the hippocampal CA1 layer, and can categorically classify behaviors performed by rats (n = 2) during an instrumental task from calcium fluorescence in orbitofrontal cortex. DeCalciOn achieves high decoding accuracy at short latencies using innovations such as field-programmable gate array hardware for real-time image processing and contour-free methods to efficiently extract calcium traces from sensor images. In summary, our system offers an affordable plug-and-play solution for real-time calcium imaging experiments in behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Garrett J Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Changliang Guo
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jim Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Juan-Luis Romero-Sosa
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Alicia Izquierdo
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Peyman Golshani
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jason Cong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Daniel Aharoni
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hugh T Blair
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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29
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Accanto N, Blot FGC, Lorca-Cámara A, Zampini V, Bui F, Tourain C, Badt N, Katz O, Emiliani V. A flexible two-photon fiberscope for fast activity imaging and precise optogenetic photostimulation of neurons in freely moving mice. Neuron 2023; 111:176-189.e6. [PMID: 36395773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a flexible two-photon microendoscope (2P-FENDO) capable of all-optical brain investigation at near cellular resolution in freely moving mice. The system performs fast two-photon (2P) functional imaging and 2P holographic photostimulation of single and multiple cells using axially confined extended spots. Proof-of-principle experiments were performed in freely moving mice co-expressing jGCaMP7s and the opsin ChRmine in the visual or barrel cortex. On a field of view of 250 μm in diameter, we demonstrated functional imaging at a frame rate of up to 50 Hz and precise photostimulation of selected groups of cells. With the capability to simultaneously image and control defined neuronal networks in freely moving animals, 2P-FENDO will enable a precise investigation of neuronal functions in the brain during naturalistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - François G C Blot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Valeria Zampini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Florence Bui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Noam Badt
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Katz
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.
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30
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Abstract
In this series of papers on light microscopy imaging, we have covered the fundamentals of microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and lightsheet microscopy. This last review covers multi-photon microscopy with a brief reference to intravital imaging and Brainbow labeling. Multi-photon microscopy is often referred to as two-photon microscopy. Indeed, using two-photon microscopy is by far the most common way of imaging thick tissues; however, it is theoretically possible to use a higher number of photons, and three-photon microscopy is possible. Therefore, this review is titled "multi-photon microscopy." Another term for describing multi-photon microscopy is "non-linear" microscopy because fluorescence intensity at the focal spot depends upon the average squared intensity rather than the squared average intensity; hence, non-linear optics (NLO) is an alternative name for multi-photon microscopy. It is this non-linear relationship (or third exponential power in the case of three-photon excitation) that determines the axial optical sectioning capability of multi-photon imaging. In this paper, the necessity for two-photon or multi-photon imaging is explained, and the method of optical sectioning by multi-photon microscopy is described. Advice is also given on what fluorescent markers to use and other practical aspects of imaging thick tissues. The technique of Brainbow imaging is discussed. The review concludes with a description of intravital imaging of the mouse. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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31
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Customizable, wireless and implantable neural probe design and fabrication via 3D printing. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3-21. [PMID: 36271159 PMCID: PMC10059091 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This Protocol Extension describes the low-cost production of rapidly customizable optical neural probes for in vivo optogenetics. We detail the use of a 3D printer to fabricate minimally invasive microscale inorganic light-emitting-diode-based neural probes that can control neural circuit activity in freely behaving animals, thus extending the scope of two previously published protocols describing the fabrication and implementation of optoelectronic devices for studying intact neural systems. The 3D-printing fabrication process does not require extensive training and eliminates the need for expensive materials, specialized cleanroom facilities and time-consuming microfabrication techniques typical of conventional manufacturing processes. As a result, the design of the probes can be quickly optimized, on the basis of experimental need, reducing the cost and turnaround for customization. For example, 3D-printed probes can be customized to target multiple brain regions or scaled up for use in large animal models. This protocol comprises three procedures: (1) probe fabrication, (2) wireless module preparation and (3) implantation for in vivo assays. For experienced researchers, neural probe and wireless module fabrication requires ~2 d, while implantation should take 30-60 min per animal. Time required for behavioral assays will vary depending on the experimental design and should include at least 5 d of animal handling before implantation of the probe, to familiarize each animal to their handler, thus reducing handling stress that may influence the result of the behavioral assays. The implementation of customized probes improves the flexibility in optogenetic experimental design and increases access to wireless probes for in vivo optogenetic research.
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32
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Paulson B, Darian SB, Kim Y, Oh J, Ghasemi M, Lee K, Kim JK. Spectral Multiplexing of Fluorescent Endoscopy for Simultaneous Imaging with Multiple Fluorophores and Multiple Fields of View. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:33. [PMID: 36671868 PMCID: PMC9855833 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Complex clinical procedures and small-animal research procedures can benefit from dual-site imaging provided by multiple endoscopic devices. Here, an endoscopic system is proposed which enables multiple fluorescence microendoscopes to be spectrally multiplexed on a single microscope base, enabling light sources and optical relays to be shared between endoscopes. The presented system is characterized for resolution using USAF-1951 resolution test charts and for modulation transfer function using the slanted edge method. Imaging is demonstrated both directly and with microendoscopes attached. Imaging of phantoms was demonstrated by targeting USAF charts and fiber tissues dyed for FITC and Texas Red fluorescence. Afterwards, simultaneous liver and kidney imaging was demonstrated in mice expressing mitochondrial Dendra2 and injected with Texas Red-dextran. The results indicate that the system achieves high channel isolation and submicron and subcellular resolution, with resolution limited by the endoscopic probe and by physiological movement during endoscopic imaging. Multi-channel microendoscopy provides a potentially low-cost means of simultaneous multiple endoscopic imaging during biological experiments, resulting in reduced animal harm and potentially increasing insight into temporal connections between connected biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Paulson
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeed Bohlooli Darian
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyu Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Oh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Marjan Ghasemi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanhee Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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33
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Beacher NJ, Washington KA, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lin DT. GRIN lens applications for studying neurobiology of substance use disorder. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 4:100049. [PMID: 36531187 PMCID: PMC9757736 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with severe health and social consequences. Continued drug use results in alterations of circuits within the mesolimbic dopamine system. It is critical to observe longitudinal impacts of SUD on neural activity in vivo to identify SUD predispositions, develop pharmaceuticals to prevent overdose, and help people suffering from SUD. However, implicated SUD associated areas are buried in deep brain which makes in vivo observation of neural activity challenging. The gradient index (GRIN) lens can probe these regions in mice and rats. In this short communications review, we will discuss how the GRIN lens can be coupled with other technologies such as miniaturized microscopes, fiberscopes, fMRI, and optogenetics to fully explore in vivo SUD research. Particularly, GRIN lens allows in vivo observation of deep brain regions implicated in SUD, differentiation of genetically distinct neurons, examination of individual cells longitudinally, correlation of neuronal patters with SUD behavior, and manipulation of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas James Beacher
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kayden Alecsandre Washington
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wang Y, LeDue JM, Murphy TH. Multiscale imaging informs translational mouse modeling of neurological disease. Neuron 2022; 110:3688-3710. [PMID: 36198319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiscale neurophysiology reveals that simple motor actions are associated with changes in neuronal firing in virtually every brain region studied. Accordingly, the assessment of focal pathology such as stroke or progressive neurodegenerative diseases must also extend widely across brain areas. To derive mechanistic information through imaging, multiple resolution scales and multimodal factors must be included, such as the structure and function of specific neurons and glial cells and the dynamics of specific neurotransmitters. Emerging multiscale methods in preclinical animal studies that span micro- to macroscale examinations fill this gap, allowing a circuit-based understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms. Combined with high-performance computation and open-source data repositories, these emerging multiscale and large field-of-view techniques include live functional ultrasound, multi- and single-photon wide-scale light microscopy, video-based miniscopes, and tissue-penetrating fiber photometry, as well as variants of post-mortem expansion microscopy. We present these technologies and outline use cases and data pipelines to uncover new knowledge within animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Wang
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy H Murphy
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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35
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Lyu C, Yu C, Sun G, Zhao Y, Cai R, Sun H, Wang X, Jia G, Fan L, Chen X, Zhou L, Shen Y, Gao L, Li X. Deconstruction of Vermal Cerebellum in Ramp Locomotion in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2203665. [PMID: 36373709 PMCID: PMC9811470 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in encoding balance, posture, speed, and gravity during locomotion. However, most studies are carried out on flat surfaces, and little is known about cerebellar activity during free ambulation on slopes. Here, it has been imaged the neuronal activity of cerebellar molecular interneurons (MLIs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) using a miniaturized microscope while a mouse is walking on a slope. It has been found that the neuronal activity of vermal MLIs specifically enhanced during uphill and downhill locomotion. In addition, a subset of MLIs is activated during entire uphill or downhill positions on the slope and is modulated by the slope inclines. In contrast, PCs showed counter-balanced neuronal activity to MLIs, which reduced activity at the ramp peak. So, PCs may represent the ramp environment at the population level. In addition, chemogenetic inactivation of lobule V of the vermis impaired uphill locomotion. These results revealed a novel micro-circuit in the vermal cerebellum that regulates ambulatory behavior in 3D terrains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lyu
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
| | - Chencen Yu
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
| | - Guanglong Sun
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Department of PsychiatrySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Ruolan Cai
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Xintai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of PsychiatrySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Guoqiang Jia
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
| | - Lingzhu Fan
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of NeuroscienceCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Department of PsychiatrySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of PsychiatrySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310027China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310027China
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36
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de Kraker L, Seignette K, Thamizharasu P, van den Boom BJ, Ferreira Pica I, Willuhn I, Levelt CN, Togt CVD. SpecSeg is a versatile toolbox that segments neurons and neurites in chronic calcium imaging datasets based on low-frequency cross-spectral power. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100299. [PMID: 36313805 PMCID: PMC9606108 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Imaging calcium signals in neurons of animals using single- or multi-photon microscopy facilitates the study of coding in large neural populations. Such experiments produce massive datasets requiring powerful methods to extract responses from hundreds of neurons. We present SpecSeg, an open-source toolbox for (1) segmentation of regions of interest (ROIs) representing neuronal structures, (2) inspection and manual editing of ROIs, (3) neuropil correction and signal extraction, and (4) matching of ROIs in sequential recordings. ROI segmentation in SpecSeg is based on temporal cross-correlations of low-frequency components derived by Fourier analysis of each pixel with its neighbors. The approach is user-friendly, intuitive, and insightful and enables ROI detection around neurons or neurites. It works for single- (miniscope) and multi-photon microscopy data, eliminating the need for separate toolboxes. SpecSeg thus provides an efficient and versatile approach for analyzing calcium responses in neuronal structures imaged over prolonged periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander de Kraker
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Molecular Visual Plasticity Group, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Seignette
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Molecular Visual Plasticity Group, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Premnath Thamizharasu
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Molecular Visual Plasticity Group, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bastijn J.G. van den Boom
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Neuromodulation and Behavior Group, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ildefonso Ferreira Pica
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Molecular Visual Plasticity Group, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingo Willuhn
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Neuromodulation and Behavior Group, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan N. Levelt
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Molecular Visual Plasticity Group, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris van der Togt
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Molecular Visual Plasticity Group, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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37
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Chang Y, Jang J, Cho J, Lee J, Son Y, Park S, Kim C. Seamless Capacitive Body Channel Wireless Power Transmission Toward Freely Moving Multiple Animals in an Animal Cage. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2022; 16:714-725. [PMID: 35976817 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2022.3199455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unstable wireless power transmission toward multiple living animals in an animal cage is one of the significant barriers to performing long-term and real-time neural monitoring in preclinical research. Here, seamless capacitive body channel (SCB) wireless power transmission (WPT) along with power management integrated circuit (PMIC) is designed using a standard 65 nm CMOS process. The SCB WPT enables stable wireless power transmission toward multiple 35 mm×20 mm×2 mm sized receivers (RXs) attached to freely moving animals in a 600 mm×600 mm×120 mm sized animal cage. By utilizing fringe-field capacitance and a body channel for wireless power link between the cage and RXs, the maximum difference in all measured power efficiencies in diverse scenarios is only 6.66 % with a 20 mW load. Even with a 90 ° RX rotation against the cage, power efficiency marks 17.76 %. Furthermore, an in-vivo experiment conducted with three untethered rats demonstrates the capability of continuous long-term power delivery in practical situations.
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38
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Siwadamrongpong R, Sato N, Sugie K, Ohta Y, Haruta M, Takehara H, Tashiro H, Sasagawa K, Ohta J. Development of Compact Readout Device for Neural Observation System using Fluorescence Imaging and Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:4864-4867. [PMID: 36085844 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A readout device for a dual-functional neural observation system is presented. The authors separately developed the reading operation of an implantable CMOS image sensor and a setup for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and implemented them together in a microcontroller-based device. The developed imaging readout device with a size of [Formula: see text] can reach the highest reading rate of 160 fps with a 120×268 pixel image sensor. The voltammetry function was verified through an experiment using commercial carbon fiber electrodes in phosphate-buffered saline. When the imaging is sequentially operated with 400 V/s-scan rate voltammetry from -0.4 to 1.3 V, the system can operate at up to 60 fps. With this system, calcium imaging and dopamine recording in a freely behaving mouse can be achieved together in a simpler manner. This study aims to be the basis for the development of an implantable multi-functional sensor.
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39
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Kim CY, Kim SJ, Kloosterman F. Simultaneous Cellular Imaging, Electrical Recording and Stimulation of Hippocampal Activity in Freely Behaving Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:208-220. [PMID: 35786642 PMCID: PMC9272116 DOI: 10.5607/en22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal sharp-wave ripple activity (SWRs) and the associated replay of neural activity patterns are well-known for their role in memory consolidation. This activity has been studied using electrophysiological approaches, as high temporal resolution is required to recognize SWRs in the neuronal signals. However, it has been difficult to analyze the individual contribution of neurons to task-specific SWRs, because it is hard to track neurons across a long time with electrophysiological recording. In this study, we recorded local field potential (LFP) signals in the hippocampal CA1 of freely behaving mice and simultaneously imaged calcium signals in contralateral CA1 to leverage the advantages of both electrophysiological and imaging approaches. We manufactured a custom-designed microdrive array and targeted tetrodes to the left hippocampus CA1 for LFP recording and applied electrical stimulation in the ventral hippocampal commissure (VHC) for closed-loop disruption of SWRs. Neuronal population imaging in the right hippocampal CA1 was performed using a miniature fluorescent microscope (Miniscope) and a genetically encoded calcium indicator. As SWRs show highly synchronized bilateral occurrence, calcium signals of SWR-participating neurons could be identified and tracked in spontaneous or SWR-disrupted conditions. Using this approach, we identified a subpopulation of CA1 neurons showing synchronous calcium elevation to SWRs. Our results showed that SWR-related calcium transients are more disrupted by electrical stimulation than non-SWR-related calcium transients, validating the capability of the system to detect and disrupt SWRs. Our dual recording method can be used to uncover the dynamic participation of individual neurons in SWRs and replay over extended time windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,NERF, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Fabian Kloosterman
- NERF, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Brain & Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,VIB, Leuven 3001, Belgium.,imec, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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40
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Brondi M, Bruzzone M, Lodovichi C, dal Maschio M. Optogenetic Methods to Investigate Brain Alterations in Preclinical Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111848. [PMID: 35681542 PMCID: PMC9180859 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the neuronal dynamics supporting brain functions and understanding how the alterations in these mechanisms result in pathological conditions represents a fundamental challenge. Preclinical research on model organisms allows for a multiscale and multiparametric analysis in vivo of the neuronal mechanisms and holds the potential for better linking the symptoms of a neurological disorder to the underlying cellular and circuit alterations, eventually leading to the identification of therapeutic/rescue strategies. In recent years, brain research in model organisms has taken advantage, along with other techniques, of the development and continuous refinement of methods that use light and optical approaches to reconstruct the activity of brain circuits at the cellular and system levels, and to probe the impact of the different neuronal components in the observed dynamics. These tools, combining low-invasiveness of optical approaches with the power of genetic engineering, are currently revolutionizing the way, the scale and the perspective of investigating brain diseases. The aim of this review is to describe how brain functions can be investigated with optical approaches currently available and to illustrate how these techniques have been adopted to study pathological alterations of brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brondi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council-CNR, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.L.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruzzone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council-CNR, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.L.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco dal Maschio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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41
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Dong Z, Mau W, Feng Y, Pennington ZT, Chen L, Zaki Y, Rajan K, Shuman T, Aharoni D, Cai DJ. Minian an open-source miniscope analysis pipeline. eLife 2022; 11:70661. [PMID: 35642786 PMCID: PMC9205633 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniature microscopes have gained considerable traction for in vivo calcium imaging in freely behaving animals. However, extracting calcium signals from raw videos is a computationally complex problem and remains a bottleneck for many researchers utilizing single-photon in vivo calcium imaging. Despite the existence of many powerful analysis packages designed to detect and extract calcium dynamics, most have either key parameters that are hard-coded or insufficient step-by-step guidance and validations to help the users choose the best parameters. This makes it difficult to know whether the output is reliable and meets the assumptions necessary for proper analysis. Moreover, large memory demand is often a constraint for setting up these pipelines since it limits the choice of hardware to specialized computers. Given these difficulties, there is a need for a low memory demand, user-friendly tool offering interactive visualizations of how altering parameters at each step of the analysis affects data output. Our open-source analysis pipeline, Minian (Miniscope Analysis), facilitates the transparency and accessibility of single-photon calcium imaging analysis, permitting users with little computational experience to extract the location of cells and their corresponding calcium traces and deconvolved neural activities. Minian contains interactive visualization tools for every step of the analysis, as well as detailed documentation and tips on parameter exploration. Furthermore, Minian has relatively small memory demands and can be run on a laptop, making it available to labs that do not have access to specialized computational hardware. Minian has been validated to reliably and robustly extract calcium events across different brain regions and from different cell types. In practice, Minian provides an open-source calcium imaging analysis pipeline with user-friendly interactive visualizations to explore parameters and validate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Dong
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - William Mau
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Yu Feng
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Zachary T Pennington
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Lingxuan Chen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Yosif Zaki
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Kanaka Rajan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Tristan Shuman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Daniel Aharoni
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Denise J Cai
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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42
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Liberti WA, Schmid TA, Forli A, Snyder M, Yartsev MM. A stable hippocampal code in freely flying bats. Nature 2022; 604:98-103. [PMID: 35355012 PMCID: PMC10212506 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neural activity in the hippocampus is known to reflect how animals move through an environment1,2. Although navigational behaviour may show considerable stability3-6, the tuning stability of individual hippocampal neurons remains unclear7-12. Here we used wireless calcium imaging to longitudinally monitor the activity of dorsal CA1 hippocampal neurons in freely flying bats performing highly reproducible flights in a familiar environment. We find that both the participation and the spatial selectivity of most neurons remain stable over days and weeks. We also find that apparent changes in tuning can be largely attributed to variations in the flight behaviour of the bats. Finally, we show that bats navigating in the same environment under different room lighting conditions (lights on versus lights off) exhibit substantial changes in flight behaviour that can give the illusion of neuronal instability. However, when similar flight paths are compared across conditions, the stability of the hippocampal code persists. Taken together, we show that the underlying hippocampal code is highly stable over days and across contexts if behaviour is taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias A Schmid
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Forli
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael M Yartsev
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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43
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Supekar OD, Sias A, Hansen SR, Martinez G, Peet GC, Peng X, Bright VM, Hughes EG, Restrepo D, Shepherd DP, Welle CG, Gopinath JT, Gibson EA. Miniature structured illumination microscope for in vivo 3D imaging of brain structures with optical sectioning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2530-2541. [PMID: 35519247 PMCID: PMC9045919 DOI: 10.1364/boe.449533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-resolution miniature, light-weight fluorescence microscope with electrowetting lens and onboard CMOS for high resolution volumetric imaging and structured illumination for rejection of out-of-focus and scattered light. The miniature microscope (SIMscope3D) delivers structured light using a coherent fiber bundle to obtain optical sectioning with an axial resolution of 18 µm. Volumetric imaging of eGFP labeled cells in fixed mouse brain tissue at depths up to 260 µm is demonstrated. The functionality of SIMscope3D to provide background free 3D imaging is shown by recording time series of microglia dynamics in awake mice at depths up to 120 µm in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar D Supekar
- Department of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Andrew Sias
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sean R Hansen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gabriel Martinez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Graham C Peet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Victor M Bright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Cristin G Welle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Juliet T Gopinath
- Department of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Emily A Gibson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
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44
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Cousineau J, Plateau V, Baufreton J, Le Bon-Jégo M. Dopaminergic modulation of primary motor cortex: From cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying motor learning to cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105674. [PMID: 35245676 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for movement execution, especially dexterous ones, but also for cognitive functions like motor learning. The acquisition of motor skills to execute dexterous movements requires dopamine-dependent and -independent plasticity mechanisms within M1. In addition to the basal ganglia, M1 is disturbed in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about how the lack of dopamine (DA), characteristic of PD, directly or indirectly impacts M1 circuitry. Here we review data from studies of PD patients and the substantial research in non-human primate and rodent models of DA depletion. These models enable us to understand the importance of DA in M1 physiology at the behavioral, network, cellular, and synaptic levels. We first summarize M1 functions and neuronal populations in mammals. We then look at the origin of M1 DA and the cellular location of its receptors and explore the impact of DA loss on M1 physiology, motor, and executive functions. Finally, we discuss how PD treatments impact M1 functions.
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Li J, Bai Y, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Ge J, Li D, Zhu Y, Cai G, Tao H, Wu S, Huang J. Parvalbumin Neurons in Zona Incerta Regulate Itch in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:843754. [PMID: 35299695 PMCID: PMC8920991 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.843754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and itch are intricately entangled at both circuitry and behavioral levels. Emerging evidence indicates that parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons in zona incerta (ZI) are critical for promoting nocifensive behaviors. However, the role of these neurons in itch modulation remains elusive. Herein, by combining FOS immunostaining, fiber photometry, and chemogenetic manipulation, we reveal that ZI PV neurons act as an endogenous negative diencephalic modulator for itch processing. Morphological data showed that both histamine and chloroquine stimuli induced FOS expression in ZI PV neurons. The activation of these neurons was further supported by the increased calcium signal upon scratching behavior evoked by acute itch. Behavioral data further indicated that chemogenetic activation of these neurons reduced scratching behaviors related to histaminergic and non-histaminergic acute itch. Similar neural activity and modulatory role of ZI PV neurons were seen in mice with chronic itch induced by atopic dermatitis. Together, our study provides direct evidence for the role of ZI PV neurons in regulating itch, and identifies a potential target for the remedy of chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- The Cadet Team 6 of School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuying Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junye Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dangchao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guohong Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huiren Tao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Rodriguez-Romaguera J, Namboodiri VMK, Basiri ML, Stamatakis AM, Stuber GD. Developments from Bulk Optogenetics to Single-Cell Strategies to Dissect the Neural Circuits that Underlie Aberrant Motivational States. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a039792. [PMID: 32513671 PMCID: PMC7799172 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Motivational states are regulated by complex networks across brain regions that are composed of genetically and functionally distinct neuronal populations. Disruption within these neural circuits leads to aberrant motivational states and are thought to be the root cause of psychiatric disorders related to reward processing and addiction. Critical technological advances in the field have revolutionized the study of neural systems by allowing the use of optical strategies to precisely control and visualize neural activity within genetically identified neural populations in the brain. This review will provide a brief introduction into the history of how technological advances in single-cell strategies have been applied to elucidate the neural circuits that underlie aberrant motivational states that often lead to dysfunction in reward processing and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Vijay M K Namboodiri
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine & Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6410, USA
| | - Marcus L Basiri
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Alice M Stamatakis
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine & Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6410, USA
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Peng Y, Schöneberg N, Esposito MS, Geiger JRP, Sharott A, Tovote P. Current approaches to characterize micro- and macroscale circuit mechanisms of Parkinson's disease in rodent models. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:114008. [PMID: 35149118 PMCID: PMC7612860 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating technological progress in experimental neuroscience is increasing the scale as well as specificity of both observational and perturbational approaches to study circuit physiology. While these techniques have also been used to study disease mechanisms, a wider adoption of these approaches in the field of experimental neurology would greatly facilitate our understanding of neurological dysfunctions and their potential treatments at cellular and circuit level. In this review, we will introduce classic and novel methods ranging from single-cell electrophysiological recordings to state-of-the-art calcium imaging and cell-type specific optogenetic or chemogenetic stimulation. We will focus on their application in rodent models of Parkinson’s disease while also presenting their use in the context of motor control and basal ganglia function. By highlighting the scope and limitations of each method, we will discuss how they can be used to study pathophysiological mechanisms at local and global circuit levels and how novel frameworks can help to bridge these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Peng
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nina Schöneberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Esposito
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atomico Bariloche, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. E. Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Jörg R P Geiger
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Sharott
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Tovote
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; Center for Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Guinto MC, Haruta M, Kurauchi Y, Saigo T, Kurasawa K, Ryu S, Ohta Y, Kawahara M, Takehara H, Tashiro H, Sasagawa K, Katsuki H, Ohta J. Modular head-mounted cortical imaging device for chronic monitoring of intrinsic signals in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:026501. [PMID: 35166087 PMCID: PMC8843356 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.2.026501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Intrinsic optical signals (IOS) generated in the cortical tissue as a result of various interacting metabolic processes are used extensively to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that govern neurovascular coupling. However, current IOS measurements still often rely on bulky, tabletop imaging systems, and there remains a dearth of studies in freely moving subjects. Lightweight, miniature head-mounted imaging devices provide unique opportunities for investigating cortical dynamics in small animals under a variety of naturalistic behavioral settings. AIM The aim of this work was to monitor IOS in the somatosensory cortex of wild-type mice by developing a lightweight, biocompatible imaging device that readily lends itself to animal experiments in freely moving conditions. APPROACH Herein we describe a method for realizing long-term IOS imaging in mice using a 0.54-g, compact, CMOS-based, head-mounted imager. The two-part module, consisting of a tethered sensor plate and a base plate, allows facile assembly prior to imaging sessions and disassembly when the sensor is not in use. LEDs integrated into the device were chosen to illuminate the cortical mantle at two different wavelengths in the visible regime (λcenter: 535 and 625 nm) for monitoring volume- and oxygenation state-dependent changes in the IOS, respectively. To test whether the system can detect robust cortical responses, we recorded sensory-evoked IOS from mechanical stimulation of the hindlimbs (HL) of anesthetized mice in both acute and long-term implantation conditions. RESULTS Cortical IOS recordings in the primary somatosensory cortex hindlimb receptive field (S1HL) of anesthetized mice under green and red LED illumination revealed robust, multiphasic profiles that were time-locked to the mechanical stimulation of the contralateral plantar hindpaw. Similar intrinsic signal profiles observed in S1HL at 40 days postimplantation demonstrated the viability of the approach for long-term imaging. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the brain tissue did not exhibit appreciable immune response due to the device implantation and operation. A proof-of-principle imaging session in a freely behaving mouse showed minimal locomotor impediment for the animal and also enabled estimation of blood flow speed. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the utility of a miniature cortical imaging device for monitoring IOS and related hemodynamic processes in both anesthetized and freely moving mice, cueing potential for applications to some neuroscientific studies of sensation and naturalistic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian Guinto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Makito Haruta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurauchi
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taisuke Saigo
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kurasawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Sumika Ryu
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Mamiko Kawahara
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hironari Takehara
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tashiro
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
- Kyushu University, Division of Medical Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sasagawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
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Taal AJ, Lee C, Choi J, Hellenkamp B, Shepard KL. Toward implantable devices for angle-sensitive, lens-less, multifluorescent, single-photon lifetime imaging in the brain using Fabry-Perot and absorptive color filters. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:24. [PMID: 35075116 PMCID: PMC8786868 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Implantable image sensors have the potential to revolutionize neuroscience. Due to their small form factor requirements; however, conventional filters and optics cannot be implemented. These limitations obstruct high-resolution imaging of large neural densities. Recent advances in angle-sensitive image sensors and single-photon avalanche diodes have provided a path toward ultrathin lens-less fluorescence imaging, enabling plenoptic sensing by extending sensing capabilities to include photon arrival time and incident angle, thereby providing the opportunity for separability of fluorescence point sources within the context of light-field microscopy (LFM). However, the addition of spectral sensitivity to angle-sensitive LFM reduces imager resolution because each wavelength requires a separate pixel subset. Here, we present a 1024-pixel, 50 µm thick implantable shank-based neural imager with color-filter-grating-based angle-sensitive pixels. This angular-spectral sensitive front end combines a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Perot color filter and diffractive optics to produce the measurement of orthogonal light-field information from two distinct colors within a single photodetector. The result is the ability to add independent color sensing to LFM while doubling the effective pixel density. The implantable imager combines angular-spectral and temporal information to demix and localize multispectral fluorescent targets. In this initial prototype, this is demonstrated with 45 μm diameter fluorescently labeled beads in scattering medium. Fluorescent lifetime imaging is exploited to further aid source separation, in addition to detecting pH through lifetime changes in fluorescent dyes. While these initial fluorescent targets are considerably brighter than fluorescently labeled neurons, further improvements will allow the application of these techniques to in-vivo multifluorescent structural and functional neural imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan J Taal
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA
| | - Changhyuk Lee
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology - Brain Science Institute, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebin Choi
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA
| | - Björn Hellenkamp
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth L Shepard
- Columbia University - Department of Electrical Engineering, 500W. 120th St., Mudd 1310, New York, 10027, NY, USA.
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50
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Fluorescence imaging of large-scale neural ensemble dynamics. Cell 2022; 185:9-41. [PMID: 34995519 PMCID: PMC8849612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across multiple brain areas and for extended durations in awake behaving mammals. We discuss advances in fluorescent indicators of neural activity, viral and genetic methods to express these indicators, chronic animal preparations for long-term imaging studies, and microscopes to monitor and manipulate the activity of large neural ensembles. Ca2+ imaging studies of neural activity can track brain area interactions and distributed information processing at cellular resolution. Across smaller spatial scales, high-speed voltage imaging reveals the distinctive spiking patterns and coding properties of targeted neuron types. Collectively, these innovations will propel studies of brain function and dovetail with ongoing neuroscience initiatives to identify new neuron types and develop widely applicable, non-human primate models. The optical toolkit's growing sophistication also suggests that "brain observatory" facilities would be useful open resources for future brain-imaging studies.
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