1
|
Chaudhari NN, Imms PE, Chowdhury NF, Gatz M, Trumble BC, Mack WJ, Law EM, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Miyamoto M, Lombardi G, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Garcia AR, Rodriguez DE, Gutierrez RQ, Copajira AJ, Hooper PL, Buetow KH, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Thomas GS, Kaplan HS, Finch CE, Irimia A. Increases in regional brain volume across two native South American male populations. GeroScience 2024; 46:4563-4583. [PMID: 38683289 PMCID: PMC11336037 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrialized environments, despite benefits such as higher levels of formal education and lower rates of infections, can also have pernicious impacts upon brain atrophy. Partly for this reason, comparing age-related brain volume trajectories between industrialized and non-industrialized populations can help to suggest lifestyle correlates of brain health. The Tsimane, indigenous to the Bolivian Amazon, derive their subsistence from foraging and horticulture and are physically active. The Moseten, a mixed-ethnicity farming population, are physically active but less than the Tsimane. Within both populations (N = 1024; age range = 46-83), we calculated regional brain volumes from computed tomography and compared their cross-sectional trends with age to those of UK Biobank (UKBB) participants (N = 19,973; same age range). Surprisingly among Tsimane and Moseten (T/M) males, some parietal and occipital structures mediating visuospatial abilities exhibit small but significant increases in regional volume with age. UKBB males exhibit a steeper negative trend of regional volume with age in frontal and temporal structures compared to T/M males. However, T/M females exhibit significantly steeper rates of brain volume decrease with age compared to UKBB females, particularly for some cerebro-cortical structures (e.g., left subparietal cortex). Across the three populations, observed trends exhibit no interhemispheric asymmetry. In conclusion, the age-related rate of regional brain volume change may differ by lifestyle and sex. The lack of brain volume reduction with age is not known to exist in other human population, highlighting the putative role of lifestyle in constraining regional brain atrophy and promoting elements of non-industrialized lifestyle like higher physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe E Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nahian F Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Meng Law
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - L Samuel Wann
- Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- MemorialCare Miller Children's & Women's Hospital, Long Beach Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Michael Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Mission Heritage Medical Group, Providence Health, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Cummings
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sarah Alami
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel E Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitol University, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Health Systems, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Hillard S Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pratt J, Dalla Via J, Sale C, Gebre AK, Stephan BCM, Laws S, Zhu K, Lim WH, Prince RL, Lewis JR, Sim M. Apolipoprotein ɛ4 Is Associated With Increased Risk of Fall- and Fracture-Related Hospitalization: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae134. [PMID: 38766839 PMCID: PMC11212482 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) may be a genetic risk factor for reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle function, which could have implications for fall and fracture risk. We examined the association between APOE ɛ4 status and long-term fall- and fracture-related hospitalization risk in older women. A total of 1 276 community-dwelling women from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women (mean age ± SD = 75.2 ± 2.7 years) were included. At baseline, women underwent APOE genotyping and detailed phenotyping for covariates including prevalent falls and fractures, as well as health and lifestyle factors. The association between APOE ɛ4 and fall-, any fracture-, and hip fracture-related hospitalizations, obtained over 14.5 years from linked health records, was examined using multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models. Over 14.5 years, 507 (39.7%) women experienced a fall-related hospitalization and 360 (28.2%) women experienced a fracture-related hospitalization, including 143 (11.2%) attributed to a hip fracture. In multivariable-adjusted models, compared to noncarriers, APOE ɛ4 carriers (n = 297, 23.3%) had greater risk for a fall- (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48, 95% CI: 1.22-1.81), fracture- (HR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.63), or hip fracture-related hospitalization (HR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29-2.61). The estimates remained similar when specific fall and fracture risk factors (fear of falling, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, grip strength, timed up-and-go, hip BMD, vitamin K status, prevalent diabetes, HbA1c, cholesterol, and abbreviated mental test score) were added to the multivariable model. In conclusion, APOE ɛ4 is a potential risk factor for fall- and fracture-related hospitalization in community-dwelling older women. Screening for APOE ɛ4 could provide clinicians an opportunity to direct higher-risk individuals to appropriate intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jedd Pratt
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Jack Dalla Via
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig Sale
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Abadi K Gebre
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
- Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wai H Lim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Medegan Fagla B, York J, Christensen A, Dela Rosa C, Balu D, Pike CJ, Tai LM, Buhimschi IA. Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and female fertility in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15873. [PMID: 38982272 PMCID: PMC11233746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a major cholesterol carrier responsible for lipid transport and injury repair in the brain. The human APOE gene (h-APOE) has 3 naturally occurring alleles: ε3, the common allele; ε4, which increases Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk up to 15-fold; and ε2, the rare allele which protects against AD. Although APOE4 has negative effects on neurocognition in old age, its persistence in the population suggests a survival advantage. We investigated the relationship between APOE genotypes and fertility in EFAD mice, a transgenic mouse model expressing h-APOE. We show that APOE4 transgenic mice had the highest level of reproductive performance, followed by APOE3 and APOE2. Intriguingly, APOE3 pregnancies had more fetal resorptions and reduced fetal weights relative to APOE4 pregnancies. In conclusion, APOE genotypes impact fertility and pregnancy outcomes in female mice, in concordance with findings in human populations. These mouse models may help elucidate how h-APOE4 promotes reproductive fitness at the cost of AD in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bani Medegan Fagla
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 820 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jason York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Amy Christensen
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Cielo Dela Rosa
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 820 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Irina A Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 820 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hanrieder J. Lipid imaging of Alzheimer's disease pathology. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1175-1178. [PMID: 38372595 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects one in eight individuals over 65 and poses an immense societal challenge. AD pathology is characterized by the formation of beta-amyloid plaques and Tau tangles in the brain. While some disease-modifying treatments targeting beta-amyloid are emerging, the exact chain of events underlying the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. Brain lipids have long been implicated in AD pathology, though their role in AD pathogenesis remains not fully resolved. Significant advancements in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allow to detail spatial lipid regulations in biological tissues at the low um scale. In this issue, Huang et al. resolve spatial lipid patterns in human AD brain and genetic mouse models using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-based MSI integrated with other spatial techniques such as imaging mass cytometry of correlative protein signatures. Those spatial multiomics experiments identify plaque-associated lipid regulations that are dependent on progressing plaque pathology in both mouse models and the human brain. Of those lipid species, particularly pro-inflammatory lysophospholipids have been implicated in AD pathology through their interaction with both aggregating Aβ and microglial activation through lipid sensing surface receptors. Together, this study provides further insight into how brain lipid homeostasis is linked to progressing AD pathology, and thereby highlights the potential of MSI-based spatial lipidomics as an emerging spatial biology technology for biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLife), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nacarelli GS, Fasolino T, Davis S. Dietary, macronutrient, micronutrient, and nutrigenetic factors impacting cardiovascular risk markers apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:949-962. [PMID: 37615981 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and dietary factors can impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Two important markers in assessing CVD risk are apolipoprotein (apo) B and apolipoprotein A1 plasma levels. These markers are measured as a ratio, with a high apoB:apoA1 ratio associated with increased CVD risk. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations are the cornerstone of managing primary and secondary CVD risk-mitigation strategies. One way to assess the impact of various dietary and lifestyle interventions on CVD risk is to evaluate the changes in CVD risk markers, such as apoB, apoA1, and apoB:apoA1 ratio. Various human studies have demonstrated the impact of dietary, macronutrient, and micronutrient interventions on apoB and apoA1 status. This review aims to elucidate dietary, macronutrient, micronutrient, and nutrigenetic considerations for impacting apoB and apoA1 levels. A low-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat diet, low fiber intake, low vitamin and mineral intake, and zinc and iron deficiency are associated with an elevated apoB:apoA1 ratio. The Mediterranean diet, vegan diet, fermented dairy products, lower sugar intake, higher protein intake, higher polyunsaturated fat intake, and an omega-3-rich diet are associated with a decreased apoB:apoA1 ratio. Micronutrients associated with a decreased apoB:apoA1 ratio include vitamin D sufficiency, increased serum vitamin C, and magnesium. Variants in the APOE, APOA1, and FADS2 genes may alter the apoB:apoA1 ratio in response to various dietary interventions. When accounting for factors that may favorably alter the apoB:apoA1 ratio, researchers should consider a healthy diet sufficient in polyunsaturated fats, vitamins, minerals, trace minerals, and lower excess sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Fasolino
- Clemson School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie Davis
- Clemson School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grenon MB, Papavergi MT, Bathini P, Sadowski M, Lemere CA. Temporal Characterization of the Amyloidogenic APPswe/PS1dE9;hAPOE4 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5754. [PMID: 38891941 PMCID: PMC11172317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disorder with a global prevalence estimated at 55 million people. In clinical studies administering certain anti-beta-amyloid (Aβ) antibodies, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs) have emerged as major adverse events. The frequency of these events is higher among apolipoprotein ε4 allele carriers (APOE4) compared to non-carriers. To reflect patients most at risk for vascular complications of anti-Aβ immunotherapy, we selected an APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse model bearing the human APOE4 gene (APPPS1:E4) and compared it with the same APP/PS1 mouse model bearing the human APOE3 gene (APOE ε3 allele; APPPS1:E3). Using histological and biochemical analyses, we characterized mice at three ages: 8, 12, and 16 months. Female and male mice were assayed for general cerebral fibrillar and pyroglutamate (pGlu-3) Aβ deposition, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), microhemorrhages, apoE and cholesterol composition, astrocytes, microglia, inflammation, lysosomal dysfunction, and neuritic dystrophy. Amyloidosis, lipid deposition, and astrogliosis increased with age in APPPS1:E4 mice, while inflammation did not reveal significant changes with age. In general, APOE4 carriers showed elevated Aβ, apoE, reactive astrocytes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglial response, and neuritic dystrophy compared to APOE3 carriers at different ages. These results highlight the potential of the APPPS1:E4 mouse model as a valuable tool in investigating the vascular side effects associated with anti-amyloid immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine B. Grenon
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.B.G.); (M.-T.P.); (P.B.)
- Section Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria-Tzousi Papavergi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.B.G.); (M.-T.P.); (P.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Praveen Bathini
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.B.G.); (M.-T.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Martin Sadowski
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Cynthia A. Lemere
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.B.G.); (M.-T.P.); (P.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhale AS, Meilhac O, d'Hellencourt CL, Vijayalakshmi MA, Venkataraman K. Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38661230 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named "apo" lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed. Apolipoproteins stand out for their integral role in HDL stability, structure, function, and metabolism. The unique structure and functions of each apolipoprotein influence important processes such as inflammation regulation and lipid metabolism. These interactions also shape the stability and performance of HDL particles. HDLs apolipoproteins have multifaceted roles beyond cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are involved in various physiological processes and disease states. Therefore, a detailed exploration of these apolipoproteins can offer valuable insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of HDL apolipoproteins, highlighting their distinct structures, functions, and contributions to various physiological processes. Exploiting this knowledge holds great potential for improving HDL function, enhancing cholesterol efflux, and modulating inflammatory processes, ultimately benefiting individuals by limiting the risks associated with CVDs and other inflammation-based pathologies. Understanding the nature of all 15 apolipoproteins expands our knowledge of HDL metabolism, sheds light on their pathological implications, and paves the way for advancements in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lipid and inflammatory-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Darabi N, Mashayekhy M, Borjian Boroujeni P, Mohtasebi P, Rokhsat Talab Z, Zamanian MR. APOE-E4 allele as a potential marker for implantation failure: A comparison between fertile women, ART success and RIF patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38619378 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the most important precursor for the production of steroid hormones and is also involved in regulating the function of steroid hormones, hence playing a significant role in reproductive processes. So, APOE gene expression may be correlated with the implantation process. This study tries to make a better clarification of the correlation between APOE gene polymorphisms and recurrent implantation failure (RIF), where we compared the frequency of APOE polymorphisms in RIF patients, assisted reproductive treatment (ART) success cases and fertile women. METHOD In all, 100 women with successful ART who got pregnant (fetal heart rate positive) in their first or second cycle of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 100 infertile RIF cases, and 100 normal fertile control cases with at least one live birth were included in present study. Following DNA extraction, genotypes were determined through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method using HhaI restriction enzyme. Finally, statistical analysis was performed by chi-squared (χ2) test in SPSS software (P < 0.05). RESULTS The RIF group showed significantly higher frequency for E3/E4 genotype (29%) compared with the other two control groups (fertile = 15%, ART success [ART+] = 13%) (P = 0.007). There was also a significantly higher frequency of the E4 allele in the RIF group (14.5%) compared with both of the control groups (fertile = 7.5%, ART+ = 6.5%) (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION APOE4 is correlated with recurrent failure in the process of embryo implantation and, accordingly, it may potentially be considered a possible risk factor to the implantation process. The presence of E4 can be proposed as a predictive indicator in determining the results of assisted reproductive techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Darabi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology-Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Mashayekhy
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnaz Borjian Boroujeni
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Mohtasebi
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Zeinab Rokhsat Talab
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zamanian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang AS, Rankin KP, Cerono G, Miramontes S, Mills H, Roger J, Zeng B, Nelson C, Soman K, Woldemariam S, Li Y, Lee A, Bove R, Glymour M, Aghaeepour N, Oskotsky TT, Miller Z, Allen IE, Sanders SJ, Baranzini S, Sirota M. Leveraging electronic health records and knowledge networks for Alzheimer's disease prediction and sex-specific biological insights. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:379-395. [PMID: 38383858 PMCID: PMC10950787 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset risk can facilitate interventions before irreversible disease progression. We demonstrate that electronic health records from the University of California, San Francisco, followed by knowledge networks (for example, SPOKE) allow for (1) prediction of AD onset and (2) prioritization of biological hypotheses, and (3) contextualization of sex dimorphism. We trained random forest models and predicted AD onset on a cohort of 749 individuals with AD and 250,545 controls with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.72 (7 years prior) to 0.81 (1 day prior). We further harnessed matched cohort models to identify conditions with predictive power before AD onset. Knowledge networks highlight shared genes between multiple top predictors and AD (for example, APOE, ACTB, IL6 and INS). Genetic colocalization analysis supports AD association with hyperlipidemia at the APOE locus, as well as a stronger female AD association with osteoporosis at a locus near MS4A6A. We therefore show how clinical data can be utilized for early AD prediction and identification of personalized biological hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Tang
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco and Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Cerono
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Miramontes
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hunter Mills
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Roger
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Billy Zeng
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte Nelson
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Soman
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Woldemariam
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Albert Lee
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Riley Bove
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Glymour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tomiko T Oskotsky
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isabel E Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sergio Baranzini
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ozen E, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Association between body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk: role of dietary fat intake and APOLIPOPROTEIN E genotype on this relationship. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38253522 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Excess body weight is associated with increased mortality and risk of developing CVD. Body fat distribution is now considered a better indicator of disease risk than BMI, with central adiposity associated with dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Dietary modification is unquestionably important in the prevention of obesity and CVD, with the type but not the amount of dietary fat emerging as an important determinant of both diseases. Although reducing SFA intake via replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) is a key public health strategy for CVD prevention, variability in the lipid lowering response has been observed. This narrative review aims to investigate the link between adiposity and CVD risk, and the role of dietary fat composition and APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO)E genotype on this relationship. In the absence of weight loss, replacing dietary SFA with UFA reduces central adiposity and anthropometric measures, and is linked with lower total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. However, differences in study populations and body composition techniques need to be taken into consideration. To date, only a limited number of studies have determined the role of APOE on body composition and CVD risk, but findings are inconsistent. Both APOE2 and APOE4 alleles have been correlated with adiposity related markers, and an APOE genotype-BMI interaction has been reported on fasting lipids. However, studies are often performed retrospectively leading to small sample sizes within the genotype groups. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between APOE genotype, adiposity and circulating CVD risk markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang N, Harsch BA, Zhou S, Borkowska A, Shearer GC, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Newman JW, Borkowski K. Oxylipin transport by lipoprotein particles and its functional implications for cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101265. [PMID: 37979798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein metabolism is critical to inflammation. While the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) have separate yet connected lipoprotein systems, impaired lipoprotein metabolism is implicated in both cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Despite the substantial investigation into the composition, structure and function of lipoproteins, the lipoprotein oxylipin profiles, their influence on lipoprotein functions, and their potential biological implications are unclear. Lipoproteins carry most of the circulating oxylipins. Importantly, lipoprotein-mediated oxylipin transport allows for endocrine signaling by these lipid mediators, long considered to have only autocrine and paracrine functions. Alterations in plasma lipoprotein oxylipin composition can directly impact inflammatory responses of lipoprotein metabolizing cells. Similar investigations of CNS lipoprotein oxylipins are non-existent to date. However, as APOE4 is associated with Alzheimer's disease-related microglia dysfunction and oxylipin dysregulation, ApoE4-dependent lipoprotein oxylipin modulation in neurological pathologies is suggested. Such investigations are crucial to bridge knowledge gaps linking oxylipin- and lipoprotein-related disorders in both periphery and CNS. Here, after providing a summary of existent literatures on lipoprotein oxylipin analysis methods, we emphasize the importance of lipoproteins in oxylipin transport and argue that understanding the compartmentalization and distribution of lipoprotein oxylipins may fundamentally alter our consideration of the roles of lipoprotein in cardiometabolic and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuanyi Liang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian A Harsch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alison Borkowska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nickhah Klashami Z, Yaghoobi A, Panahi N, Amoli MM. Association of the APOE gene variants with depression in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1481-1487. [PMID: 37975117 PMCID: PMC10638337 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background The risk of depression among patients with diabetes is higher than the general population. The exact mechanisms linking these two diseases are mostly unknown. Energy metabolism disorders seem to be a shared pathway. One of the key genes playing important roles in energy metabolism-related pathways is the APOE gene. We aimed to investigate the association of the APOE gene variants with depression among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Three APOE gene alleles and genotypes frequencies (E2, E3, E4) were determined in 244 patients with T2DM (114 with depression and 130 without depression) using the high-resolution melting (HRM) method on the genomic DNA extracted from the patient's peripheral blood. Results Apoe4 allele frequency was significantly higher in T2DM patients without depression compared with those with depression (11.9 vs. 2.2%, p-value < 0.0001 and p-value = 0.001, respectively). Conversely, the wild allele apoe3 frequency was significantly higher in T2DM patients with depression (86% vs., 69%, p-value < 0.0001). Apoe4 carrier status was associated with decreased risk of depression in patients with T2DM [OR: 0.19 (0.07-0.53)]. Conclusion Our results showed that the apoe4 allele and apoe4 carrier status significantly reduced the risk of depression among patients with T2DM. Further studies are needed to unravel the complex role of the APOE gene in depression among patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Yaghoobi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nekoo Panahi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M. Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trumble BC, Negrey J, Koebele SV, Thompson RC, Samuel Wann L, Allam AH, Beheim B, Linda Sutherland M, Sutherland JD, Eid Rodriguez D, Michalik DE, Rowan CJ, Lombardi GP, Garcia AR, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Kraft TS, Hooper P, Buetow K, Irimia A, Gatz M, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Kaplan H, Thomas GS. Testosterone is positively associated with coronary artery calcium in a low cardiovascular disease risk population. Evol Med Public Health 2023; 11:472-484. [PMID: 38145005 PMCID: PMC10746324 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In industrialized populations, low male testosterone is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular mortality. However, coronary risk factors like obesity impact both testosterone and cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we assess the role of endogenous testosterone on coronary artery calcium in an active subsistence population with relatively low testosterone levels, low cardiovascular risk and low coronary artery calcium scores. Methodology In this cross-sectional community-based study, 719 Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon aged 40+ years underwent computed tomography (49.8% male, mean age 57.6 years). Results Coronary artery calcium levels were low; 84.5% had no coronary artery calcium. Zero-inflated negative binomial models found testosterone was positively associated with coronary artery calcium for the full sample (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 1.477, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.001-2.170, P = 0.031), and in a male-only subset (IRR = 1.532, 95% CI 0.993-2.360, P = 0.053). Testosterone was also positively associated with clinically relevant coronary atherosclerosis (calcium >100 Agatston units) in the full sample (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.984, 95% CI 1.202-3.275, P = 0.007) and when limited to male-only sample (OR = 2.032, 95% CI 1.118-4.816, P = 0.024). Individuals with coronary artery calcium >100 had 20% higher levels of testosterone than those with calcium <100 (t = -3.201, P = 0.007). Conclusions and Implications Among Tsimane, testosterone is positively associated with coronary artery calcium despite generally low normal testosterone levels, minimal atherosclerosis and rare cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Associations between low testosterone and CVD events in industrialized populations are likely confounded by obesity and other lifestyle factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Trumble
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jacob Negrey
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Stephanie V Koebele
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - L Samuel Wann
- University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Adel H Allam
- Al Azhar University, School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bret Beheim
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - David E Michalik
- University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Miller Women’s and Children’s Hospital Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Guido P Lombardi
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Laboratorio de Paleopatología, Lima, Peru
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Edmond Seabright
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, School of Collective Intelligence, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Sarah Alami
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, School of Collective Intelligence, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Thomas S Kraft
- University of Utah, Anthropology Department, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul Hooper
- Chapman University, Economic Science Institute, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- University of Southern California, Psychology Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- University of Southern California, Psychology Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Toulouse Scool of Economics, Institute for Advanced Study Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael D Gurven
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Chapman University, Economic Science Institute, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Health System, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
- University of California Irvine, Division of Cardiology, Orange, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tin A, Fohner AE, Yang Q, Brody JA, Davies G, Yao J, Liu D, Caro I, Lindbohm JV, Duggan MR, Meirelles O, Harris SE, Gudmundsdottir V, Taylor AM, Henry A, Beiser AS, Shojaie A, Coors A, Fitzpatrick AL, Langenberg C, Satizabal CL, Sitlani CM, Wheeler E, Tucker-Drob EM, Bressler J, Coresh J, Bis JC, Candia J, Jennings LL, Pietzner M, Lathrop M, Lopez OL, Redmond P, Gerszten RE, Rich SS, Heckbert SR, Austin TR, Hughes TM, Tanaka T, Emilsson V, Vasan RS, Guo X, Zhu Y, Tzourio C, Rotter JI, Walker KA, Ferrucci L, Kivimäki M, Breteler MMB, Cox SR, Debette S, Mosley TH, Gudnason VG, Launer LJ, Psaty BM, Seshadri S, Fornage M. Identification of circulating proteins associated with general cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1117. [PMID: 37923804 PMCID: PMC10624811 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying circulating proteins associated with cognitive function may point to biomarkers and molecular process of cognitive impairment. Few studies have investigated the association between circulating proteins and cognitive function. We identify 246 protein measures quantified by the SomaScan assay as associated with cognitive function (p < 4.9E-5, n up to 7289). Of these, 45 were replicated using SomaScan data, and three were replicated using Olink data at Bonferroni-corrected significance. Enrichment analysis linked the proteins associated with general cognitive function to cell signaling pathways and synapse architecture. Mendelian randomization analysis implicated higher levels of NECTIN2, a protein mediating viral entry into neuronal cells, with higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk (p = 2.5E-26). Levels of 14 other protein measures were implicated as consequences of AD susceptibility (p < 2.0E-4). Proteins implicated as causes or consequences of AD susceptibility may provide new insight into the potential relationship between immunity and AD susceptibility as well as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Grants
- N01 HC095163 NHLBI NIH HHS
- RC2 HL102419 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500003C NHLBI NIH HHS
- UH3 NS100605 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 HL103612 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00002 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL096812 NHLBI NIH HHS
- MC_UU_00006/1 Medical Research Council
- UF1 NS125513 NINDS NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00005 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01AG12100 NIA NIH HHS
- N01HC95160 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG054076 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HL120393 NHLBI NIH HHS
- BB/F019394/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- RF1 AG059421 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HL131136 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095168 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 RR025005 NCRR NIH HHS
- R01 AG015928 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800004I NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL080295 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95163 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 AG012100 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500001C NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001079 NCATS NIH HHS
- N01 HC085082 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL096917 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL059367 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL130114 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268200800007C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL085251 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95169 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 NS087541 NINDS NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00001 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL086694 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG054628 NIA NIH HHS
- U01 HL096902 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL087652 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095162 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HG004402 NHGRI NIH HHS
- N01HC95164 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC085086 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC55222 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG049607 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG065596 NIA NIH HHS
- N01 HC095165 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95162 NHLBI NIH HHS
- MR/R024227/1 Medical Research Council
- N01HC85086 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00003 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL105756 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95168 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095169 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 DK063491 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800007I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700002C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG066524 NIA NIH HHS
- RF1 AG063507 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201200036C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL144483 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800001C NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700001I NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG056477 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700004I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95165 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095159 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 AG058589 NIA NIH HHS
- N01HC95159 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095161 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500001I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN271201200022C NIDA NIH HHS
- N01 HC025195 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95161 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001420 NCATS NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00004 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL096814 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 AG066509 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HL132320 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00007 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 AG066546 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG033040 NIA NIH HHS
- MR/S011676/1 Medical Research Council
- U01 AG052409 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- K01 AG071689 NIA NIH HHS
- 75N92021D00006 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG026307 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG020098 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700005C NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700001C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85082 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700003C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095166 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95167 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85083 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UH2 NS100605 NINDS NIH HHS
- N01HC25195 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92019D00031 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL096899 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700004C NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000040 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700002I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700005I NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 AG072947 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG025941 NIA NIH HHS
- Chief Scientist Office
- 75N92020D00006 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95166 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG023629 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HL087641 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85079 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC085080 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001881 NCATS NIH HHS
- N01 HC095167 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800005I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85080 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800006I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095164 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85081 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095160 NHLBI NIH HHS
- The ARIC study has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (contract numbers HHSN268201700001I, HHSN268201700002I, HHSN268201700003I, HHSN268201700004I and HHSN268201700005I), R01HL087641, R01HL059367 and R01HL086694; National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402; and National Institutes of Health contract HHSN268200625226C. Funding was also supported by 5RC2HL102419, R01NS087541 and R01HL131136. Neurocognitive data were collected by U01 2U01HL096812, 2U01HL096814, 2U01HL096899, 2U01HL096902, 2U01HL096917 from the NIH (NHLBI, NINDS, NIA and NIDCD). Infrastructure was partly supported by Grant Number UL1RR025005, a component of the National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. This Cardiovascular Heath Study (CHS) research was supported by NHLBI contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, 75N92021D00006; and NHLBI grants U01HL080295, R01HL087652, R01HL105756, R01HL103612, R01HL120393, R01HL085251, R01HL144483, and U01HL130114 with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided through R01AG023629, R01AG15928, and R01AG20098 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). AEF is supported by K01AG071689. The Framingham Heart Study is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with Boston University (Contract No. N01-HC-25195, HHSN268201500001I and 75N92019D00031). This work was also supported by grant R01AG063507, R01AG054076, R01AG049607, R01AG059421, R01AG033040, R01AG066524, P30AG066546, U01 AG052409, U01 AG058589 from from the National Institute on Aging and R01 AG017950, UH2/3 NS100605, UF1 NS125513 from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and R01HL132320. AGES has been funded by NIA contracts N01-AG012100 and HSSN271201200022C, NIH Grant No. 1R01AG065596-01A1, Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association), and the Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament). M. R. Duggan, T. Tanaka, J. Candia, K. A. Walker, L. Ferrucci, L.J. Launer, O. Meirelles are funded by the National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program. This study was funded, in part, by the National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is supported by contracts HHSN268201800003I, HHSN268201800004I, HHSN268201800005I, HHSN268201800006I, and HHSN268201800007I from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The LBC1921 was supported by the UK’s Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), The Royal Society, and The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government. Genotyping was funded by the BBSRC (BB/F019394/1). LBC1936 is supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and the Economic and Social Research Council [BB/W008793/1], Age UK (Disconnected Mind project), and the University of Edinburgh. Genotyping was funded by the BBSRC (BB/F019394/1). The Olink® Neurology Proteomics assay was supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) research grant R01AG054628. Phenotype harmonization, data management, sample-identity QC, and general study coordination, were provided by the TOPMed Data Coordinating Center (3R01HL-120393-02S1), and TOPMed MESA Multi-Omics (HHSN2682015000031/HSN26800004). The MESA projects are conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with MESA investigators. Support for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) projects are conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with MESA investigators. Support for MESA is provided by contracts 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, 75N92020D00005, N01-HC-95160, 75N92020D00002, N01-HC-95161, 75N92020D00003, N01-HC-95162, 75N92020D00006, N01-HC-95163, 75N92020D00004, N01-HC-95164, 75N92020D00007, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169, UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, UL1-TR-001420, UL1TR001881, DK063491, and R01HL105756. The Three City (3C) Study is conducted under a partnership agreement among the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the University of Bordeaux, and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. The 3C Study is also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Institut de la Longévité, Conseils Régionaux of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France, and Ministry of Research–INSERM Programme “Cohortes et collections de données biologiques.” Ilana Caro received a grant from the EUR digital public health. This PhD program is supported within the framework of the PIA3 (Investment for the future). Project reference 17-EURE-0019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Tin
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilana Caro
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joni V Lindbohm
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, The Klarman Cell Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Duggan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Albert Henry
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annabell Coors
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Precision Healthcare Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julián Candia
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lori L Jennings
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Precision Healthcare Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Oscar L Lopez
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas R Austin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valur Emilsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- University of Texas School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yineng Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lea AJ, Clark AG, Dahl AW, Devinsky O, Garcia AR, Golden CD, Kamau J, Kraft TS, Lim YAL, Martins DJ, Mogoi D, Pajukanta P, Perry GH, Pontzer H, Trumble BC, Urlacher SS, Venkataraman VV, Wallace IJ, Gurven M, Lieberman DE, Ayroles JF. Applying an evolutionary mismatch framework to understand disease susceptibility. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002311. [PMID: 37695771 PMCID: PMC10513379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide. Obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are among a long list of "lifestyle" diseases that were rare throughout human history but are now common. The evolutionary mismatch hypothesis posits that humans evolved in environments that radically differ from those we currently experience; consequently, traits that were once advantageous may now be "mismatched" and disease causing. At the genetic level, this hypothesis predicts that loci with a history of selection will exhibit "genotype by environment" (GxE) interactions, with different health effects in "ancestral" versus "modern" environments. To identify such loci, we advocate for combining genomic tools in partnership with subsistence-level groups experiencing rapid lifestyle change. In these populations, comparisons of individuals falling on opposite extremes of the "matched" to "mismatched" spectrum are uniquely possible. More broadly, the work we propose will inform our understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across diverse ancestries and cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Dahl
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Kamau
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomas S. Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dino J. Martins
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Donald Mogoi
- Department of Medical Services and Public Health, Ministry of Health Laikipia County, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - George H. Perry
- Departments of Anthropology and Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Samuel S. Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vivek V. Venkataraman
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian J. Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Besin V, Yulianti T, Notopuro PB, Humardani FM. Genetic Polymorphisms of Ischemic Stroke in Asians. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 549:117527. [PMID: 37666385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of ischemic stroke emphasizes the necessity for early detection and preventive strategies. Diagnostic biomarkers currently available for ischemic stroke only become detectable shortly before the manifestation of stroke symptoms. Genetic variants associated with ischemic stroke offer a potential solution to address this diagnostic limitation. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that genetic variants cannot be modified in the same way as epigenetic changes. Nevertheless, individuals carrying risk or protective variants can modify their lifestyle to potentially influence the associated epigenetic factors. This study aims to summarize specific variants relevant to Asian populations that may aid in the early detection of ischemic stroke and explore their impact on the disease's pathophysiology. These variants give us important information about the genes that play a role in ischemic stroke by affecting things like atherosclerosis pathway, blood coagulation pathway, homocysteine metabolism, transporter function, transcription, and the activity of neurons regulation. It is important to recognize the variations in genetic variants among different ethnicities and avoid generalizing the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus Besin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia
| | - Trilis Yulianti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Paulus Budiono Notopuro
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Farizky Martriano Humardani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia; Magister in Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65112, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Trumble BC, Charifson M, Kraft T, Garcia AR, Cummings DK, Hooper P, Lea AJ, Eid Rodriguez D, Koebele SV, Buetow K, Beheim B, Minocher R, Gutierrez M, Thomas GS, Gatz M, Stieglitz J, Finch CE, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Apolipoprotein-ε 4 is associated with higher fecundity in a natural fertility population. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9797. [PMID: 37556539 PMCID: PMC10411886 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In many populations, the apolipoprotein-ε4 (APOE-ε4) allele increases the risk for several chronic diseases of aging, including dementia and cardiovascular disease; despite these harmful effects at later ages, the APOE-ε4 allele remains prevalent. We assess the impact of APOE-ε4 on fertility and its proximate determinants (age at first reproduction, interbirth interval) among the Tsimane, a natural fertility population of forager-horticulturalists. Among 795 women aged 13 to 90 (20% APOE-ε4 carriers), those with at least one APOE-ε4 allele had 0.3 to 0.5 more children than (ε3/ε3) homozygotes, while those with two APOE-ε4 alleles gave birth to 1.4 to 2.1 more children. APOE-ε4 carriers achieve higher fertility by beginning reproduction 0.8 years earlier and having a 0.23-year shorter interbirth interval. Our findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting a need for studies of populations living in ancestrally relevant environments to assess how alleles that are deleterious in sedentary urban environments may have been maintained by selection throughout human evolutionary history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mia Charifson
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tom Kraft
- Anthropology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Scientific Research Core, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel K. Cummings
- Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Paul Hooper
- Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J. Lea
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Bret Beheim
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Riana Minocher
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gregory S. Thomas
- MemorialCare Health System, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang LG, March ZM, Stephenson RA, Narayan PS. Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:430-445. [PMID: 37357100 PMCID: PMC10365028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism has emerged as a central component of many neurodegenerative diseases. Variants of the lipid transport protein, apolipoprotein E (APOE), modulate risk and resilience in several neurodegenerative diseases including late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Allelic variants of the gene, APOE, alter the lipid metabolism of cells and tissues and have been broadly associated with several other cellular and systemic phenotypes. Targeting APOE-associated metabolic pathways may offer opportunities to alter disease-related phenotypes and consequently, attenuate disease risk and impart resilience to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We review the molecular, cellular, and tissue-level alterations to lipid metabolism that arise from different APOE isoforms. These changes in lipid metabolism could help to elucidate disease mechanisms and tune neurodegenerative disease risk and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Yang
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zachary M March
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roxan A Stephenson
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka S Narayan
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Konner M, Eaton SB. Hunter-gatherer diets and activity as a model for health promotion: Challenges, responses, and confirmations. Evol Anthropol 2023; 32:206-222. [PMID: 37417918 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in 1985, we and others presented estimates of hunter-gatherer (and ultimately ancestral) diet and physical activity, hoping to provide a model for health promotion. The Hunter-Gatherer Model was designed to offset the apparent mismatch between our genes and the current Western-type lifestyle, a mismatch that arguably affects prevalence of many chronic degenerative diseases. The effort has always been controversial and subject to both scientific and popular critiques. The present article (1) addresses eight such challenges, presenting for each how the model has been modified in response, or how the criticism can be rebutted; (2) reviews new epidemiological and experimental evidence (including especially randomized controlled clinical trials); and (3) shows how official recommendations put forth by governments and health authorities have converged toward the model. Such convergence suggests that evolutionary anthropology can make significant contributions to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Konner
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Anthropology and Human Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S Boyd Eaton
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine (Emeritus), Adjunct Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mekli K, Lophatananon A, Maharani A, Nazroo JY, Muir KR. Association between an inflammatory biomarker score and future dementia diagnosis in the population-based UK Biobank cohort of 500,000 people. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288045. [PMID: 37467176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between a systematic inflammatory biomarker measure, concurrent and later cognitive performance, and future dementia risk. The literature has reported the potential involvement of inflammation in cognitive performance as well as Alzheimer's Disease, but not consistently. We used a population-based cohort of 500,000 people in the UK and assessed the association between a composite inflammatory biomarker and cognitive performance measures across five domains measured concurrently and 4-13 years later, taking advantage of the large sample size. We also assessed the same biomarker's association with dementia diagnosis 3-11 years later in the initially dementia-free sample. We report small but significant associations between elevated biomarker levels and worsened cognitive performance at baseline for four cognitive tasks (OR = 1.204, p<0.001 for Prospective memory, β = -0.366, p<0.001 for Fluid intelligence, β = 8.819, p<0.001 for Reaction time, and β = -0.224, p<0.001 for Numeric memory), comparing the highest quartile of the biomarker to the lowest. We also found that for one measure (Pairs matching) higher biomarker levels were associated with fewer errors, i.e. better performance (β = -0.096, p<0.001). We also report that the 4th quartiles of the baseline biomarker levels were significantly associated with cognitive task scores assessed years later on the p< = 0.002 level, except for the Pair matching test, for which none of the quartiles remained a significant predictor. Finally, the highest biomarker quartile was significantly associated with increased dementia risk compared to the lowest quartile (HR = 1.349, p<0.001). A case-only analysis to assess disease subtype heterogeneity suggested probable differences in the association with the highest biomarker quartile between vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease subtypes (OR = 1.483, p = 0.055). Our results indicate that systemic inflammation may play a small but significant part in dementia pathophysiology, especially in vascular dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Mekli
- Cathie Marsh Institute and Sociology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Asri Maharani
- Department of Nursing, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Y Nazroo
- Cathie Marsh Institute and Sociology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oriá RB, Freitas RS, Roque CR, Nascimento JCR, Silva AP, Malva JO, Guerrant RL, Vitek MP. ApoE Mimetic Peptides to Improve the Vicious Cycle of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections by Targeting the Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041086. [PMID: 37111572 PMCID: PMC10141726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) mimetic peptides are engineered fragments of the native apoE protein’s LDL-receptor binding site that improve the outcomes following a brain injury and intestinal inflammation in a variety of models. The vicious cycle of enteric infections and malnutrition is closely related to environmental-driven enteric dysfunction early in life, and such chronic inflammatory conditions may blunt the developmental trajectories of children with worrisome and often irreversible physical and cognitive faltering. This window of time for microbiota maturation and brain plasticity is key to protecting cognitive domains, brain health, and achieving optimal/full developmental potential. This review summarizes the potential role of promising apoE mimetic peptides to improve the function of the gut-brain axis, including targeting the blood-brain barrier in children afflicted with malnutrition and enteric infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-85-3366-8239
| | - Raul S. Freitas
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Cássia R. Roque
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | - José Carlos R. Nascimento
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medicine, University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusofonia, Redenção 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João O. Malva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael P. Vitek
- Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lea AJ, Clark AG, Dahl AW, Devinsky O, Garcia AR, Golden CD, Kamau J, Kraft TS, Lim YAL, Martins D, Mogoi D, Pajukanta P, Perry G, Pontzer H, Trumble BC, Urlacher SS, Venkataraman VV, Wallace IJ, Gurven M, Lieberman D, Ayroles JF. Evolutionary mismatch and the role of GxE interactions in human disease. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2301.05255v2. [PMID: 36713247 PMCID: PMC9882586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally, we are witnessing the rise of complex, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to changes in our daily environments. Obesity, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes are part of a long list of "lifestyle" diseases that were rare throughout human history but are now common. A key idea from anthropology and evolutionary biology-the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis-seeks to explain this phenomenon. It posits that humans evolved in environments that radically differ from the ones experienced by most people today, and thus traits that were advantageous in past environments may now be "mismatched" and disease-causing. This hypothesis is, at its core, a genetic one: it predicts that loci with a history of selection will exhibit "genotype by environment" (GxE) interactions and have differential health effects in ancestral versus modern environments. Here, we discuss how this concept could be leveraged to uncover the genetic architecture of NCDs in a principled way. Specifically, we advocate for partnering with small-scale, subsistence-level groups that are currently transitioning from environments that are arguably more "matched" with their recent evolutionary history to those that are more "mismatched". These populations provide diverse genetic backgrounds as well as the needed levels and types of environmental variation necessary for mapping GxE interactions in an explicit mismatch framework. Such work would make important contributions to our understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for NCDs across diverse ancestries and sociocultural contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W. Dahl
- Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | | | - Joseph Kamau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomas S. Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dino Martins
- Turkana Basin Research Institute, Turkana, Kenya
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Donald Mogoi
- Director at County Government of Laikipia, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Paivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, US
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | - Samuel S. Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ian J. Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California: Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rigby Dames BA, Kilili H, Charvet CJ, Díaz-Barba K, Proulx MJ, de Sousa AA, Urrutia AO. Evolutionary and genomic perspectives of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 275:165-215. [PMID: 36841568 PMCID: PMC11191546 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter utilizes genomic concepts and evolutionary perspectives to further understand the possible links between typical brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the two most prevalent of these: Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Aging is the major risk factor for these neurodegenerative diseases. Researching the evolutionary and molecular underpinnings of aging helps to reveal elements of the typical aging process that leave individuals more vulnerable to neurodegenerative pathologies. Very little is known about the prevalence and susceptibility of neurodegenerative diseases in nonhuman species, as only a few individuals have been observed with these neuropathologies. However, several studies have investigated the evolution of lifespan, which is closely connected with brain size in mammals, and insights can be drawn from these to enrich our understanding of neurodegeneration. This chapter explores the relationship between the typical aging process and the events in neurodegeneration. First, we examined how age-related processes can increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. Second, we assessed to what extent neurodegeneration is an accelerated form of aging. We found that while at the phenotypic level both neurodegenerative diseases and the typical aging process share some characteristics, at the molecular level they show some distinctions in their profiles, such as variation in genes and gene expression. Furthermore, neurodegeneration of the brain is associated with an earlier onset of cellular, molecular, and structural age-related changes. In conclusion, a more integrative view of the aging process, both from a molecular and an evolutionary perspective, may increase our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brier A Rigby Dames
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Huseyin Kilili
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Christine J Charvet
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Karina Díaz-Barba
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México; Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Michael J Proulx
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, CP62210, Cuernavaca, México; Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP04510, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Franz CE, Gustavson DE, Elman JA, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler DJ, Baraff A, Tu XM, Wu TC, DeAnda J, Beck A, Kaufman JD, Whitsel N, Finch CE, Chen JC, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution and Cognitive Abilities from Midlife to Early Old Age: Modification by APOE Genotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:193-209. [PMID: 36970897 PMCID: PMC10827529 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measures of ambient air pollution are associated with accelerated age-related cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). OBJECTIVE We examined associations between air pollution, four cognitive factors, and the moderating role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in the understudied period of midlife. METHODS Participants were ∼1,100 men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. Baseline cognitive assessments were from 2003 to 2007. Measures included past (1993-1999) and recent (3 years prior to baseline assessment) PM2.5 and NO2 exposure, in-person assessment of episodic memory, executive function, verbal fluency, and processing speed, and APOE genotype. Average baseline age was 56 years with a 12-year follow-up. Analyses adjusted for health and lifestyle covariates. RESULTS Performance in all cognitive domains declined from age 56 to 68. Higher PM2.5 exposures were associated with worse general verbal fluency. We found significant exposure-by-APOE genotype interactions for specific cognitive domains: PM2.5 with executive function and NO2 with episodic memory. Higher PM2.5 exposure was related to worse executive function in APOE ɛ4 carriers, but not in non-carriers. There were no associations with processing speed. CONCLUSION These results indicate negative effects of ambient air pollution exposure on fluency alongside intriguing differential modifications of cognitive performance by APOE genotype. APOE ɛ4 carriers appeared more sensitive to environmental differences. The process by which air pollution and its interaction with genetic risk for ADRD affects risk for later life cognitive decline or progression to dementia may begin in midlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel E. Gustavson
- Institute for Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Jeremy A. Elman
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Donald J. Hagler
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aaron Baraff
- Vietnam Era Twin Registry, VA Puget Sound Health Care, Seattle, WA
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Tsung-Chin Wu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Jaden DeAnda
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Asad Beck
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nathan Whitsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Asante I, Louie S, Yassine HN. Uncovering mechanisms of brain inflammation in Alzheimer's disease with APOE4: Application of single cell-type lipidomics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:84-105. [PMID: 36200578 PMCID: PMC10092192 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A chronic state of unresolved inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is intrinsically involved with the remodeling of brain lipids. This review highlights the effect of carrying the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) on various brain cell types in promoting an unresolved inflammatory state. Among its pleotropic effects on brain lipids, we focus on APOE4's activation of Ca2+ -dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and its effects on arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid signaling cascades in the brain. During the process of neurodegeneration, various brain cell types, such as astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, together with the neurovascular unit, develop distinct inflammatory phenotypes that impact their functions and have characteristic lipidomic fingerprints. We propose that lipidomic phenotyping of single cell-types harvested from brains differing by age, sex, disease severity stage, and dietary and genetic backgrounds can be employed to probe mechanisms of neurodegeneration. A better understanding of the brain cellular inflammatory/lipidomic response promises to guide the development of nutritional and drug interventions for AD dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Asante
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Naslavsky MS, Suemoto CK, Brito LA, Scliar MO, Ferretti-Rebustini RE, Rodriguez RD, Leite REP, Araujo NM, Borda V, Tarazona-Santos E, Jacob-Filho W, Pasqualucci C, Nitrini R, Yaffe K, Zatz M, Grinberg LT. Global and local ancestry modulate APOE association with Alzheimer's neuropathology and cognitive outcomes in an admixed sample. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4800-4808. [PMID: 36071110 PMCID: PMC9734036 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is more prevalent in Blacks than in Whites, likely due to a combination of environmental and biological factors. Paradoxically, clinical studies suggest an attenuation of APOE ε4 risk of dementia in African ancestry (AFR), but a dearth of neuropathological data preclude the interpretation of the biological factors underlying these findings, including the association between APOE ε4 risk and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, the most frequent cause of dementia. We investigated the interaction between African ancestry, AD-related neuropathology, APOE genotype, and functional cognition in a postmortem sample of 400 individuals with a range of AD pathology severity and lack of comorbid neuropathology from a cohort of community-dwelling, admixed Brazilians. Increasing proportions of African ancestry (AFR) correlated with a lower burden of neuritic plaques (NP). However, for individuals with a severe burden of NP and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), AFR proportion was associated with worse Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR-SOB). Among APOE ε4 carriers, the association between AFR proportion and CDR-SOB disappeared. APOE local ancestry inference of a subset of 309 individuals revealed that, in APOE ε4 noncarriers, non-European APOE background correlated with lower NP burden and, also, worse cognitive outcomes than European APOE when adjusting by NP burden. Finally, APOE ε4 was associated with worse AD neuropathological burden only in a European APOE background. APOE genotype and its association with AD neuropathology and clinical pattern are highly influenced by ancestry, with AFR associated with lower NP burden and attenuated APOE ε4 risk compared to European ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Satya Naslavsky
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Abreu Brito
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Eloah Ferretti-Rebustini
- Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem na Saúde do Adulto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renata E P Leite
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Matta Araujo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Borda
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- VA Medical Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Global brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Low A, Prats-Sedano MA, McKiernan E, Carter SF, Stefaniak JD, Nannoni S, Su L, Dounavi ME, Muniz-Terrera G, Ritchie K, Lawlor B, Naci L, Malhotra P, Mackay C, Koychev I, Ritchie CW, Markus HS, O’Brien JT. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of dementia on midlife cerebral small vessel disease in cognitively healthy middle-aged adults: the PREVENT-Dementia study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:154. [PMID: 36224605 PMCID: PMC9554984 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Considerable overlap exists between the risk factors of dementia and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, studies remain limited to older cohorts wherein pathologies of both dementia (e.g. amyloid) and SVD (e.g. white matter hyperintensities) already co-exist. In younger asymptomatic adults, we investigated differential associations and interactions of modifiable and non-modifiable inherited risk factors of (future) late-life dementia to (present-day) mid-life SVD. Methods Cognitively healthy middle-aged adults (aged 40–59; mean 51.2 years) underwent 3T MRI (n = 630) as part of the PREVENT-Dementia study. To assess SVD, we quantified white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, microbleeds, lacunes, and computed composite scores of SVD burden and subtypes of hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Non-modifiable (inherited) risk factors were APOE4 status and parental family history of dementia. Modifiable risk factors were derived from the 2020 Lancet Commission on dementia prevention (early/midlife: education, hypertension, obesity, alcohol, hearing impairment, head injuries). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the latent variables of SVD and risk factors. Structural equation modelling (SEM) of the full structural assessed associations of SVD with risk factors and APOE4*risk interaction. Results In SEM, the latent variable of global SVD related to the latent variable of modifiable midlife risk SVD (β = 0.80, p = .009) but not non-modifiable inherited risk factors of APOE4 or family history of dementia. Interaction analysis demonstrated that the effect of modifiable risk on SVD was amplified in APOE4 non-carriers (β = − 0.31, p = .009), rather than carriers. These associations and interaction effects were observed in relation to the SVD subtype of hypertensive arteriopathy, rather than CAA. Sensitivity analyses using separate general linear models validated SEM results. Conclusions Established modifiable risk factors of future (late-life) dementia related to present-day (mid-life) SVD, suggesting that early lifestyle modifications could potentially reduce rates of vascular cognitive impairment attributed to SVD, a major ‘silent’ contributor to global dementia cases. This association was amplified in APOE4 non-carriers, suggesting that lifestyle modifications could be effective even in those with genetic predisposition to dementia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01095-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Low
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SP UK
| | - Maria A. Prats-Sedano
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SP UK
| | - Elizabeth McKiernan
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SP UK
| | - Stephen F. Carter
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SP UK
| | - James D. Stefaniak
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SP UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Su
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SP UK ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria-Eleni Dounavi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SP UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Ritchie
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ,grid.457377.5INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Brian Lawlor
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorina Naci
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paresh Malhotra
- grid.417895.60000 0001 0693 2181Division of Brain Science, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Mackay
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ivan Koychev
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Craig W. Ritchie
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hugh S. Markus
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John T. O’Brien
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Level E4 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SP UK ,grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fernández-Calle R, Konings SC, Frontiñán-Rubio J, García-Revilla J, Camprubí-Ferrer L, Svensson M, Martinson I, Boza-Serrano A, Venero JL, Nielsen HM, Gouras GK, Deierborg T. APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer's disease pathology and brain diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:62. [PMID: 36153580 PMCID: PMC9509584 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of the most influential risk factors for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has become the third hallmark of AD, together with Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated aggregated tau protein. This review aims to broadly and extensively describe the differential aspects concerning apoE. Starting from the evolution of apoE to how APOE's single-nucleotide polymorphisms affect its structure, function, and involvement during health and disease. This review reflects on how APOE's polymorphisms impact critical aspects of AD pathology, such as the neuroinflammatory response, particularly the effect of APOE on astrocytic and microglial function and microglial dynamics, synaptic function, amyloid-β load, tau pathology, autophagy, and cell-cell communication. We discuss influential factors affecting AD pathology combined with the APOE genotype, such as sex, age, diet, physical exercise, current therapies and clinical trials in the AD field. The impact of the APOE genotype in other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by overt inflammation, e.g., alpha- synucleinopathies and Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, is also addressed. Therefore, this review gathers the most relevant findings related to the APOE genotype up to date and its implications on AD and CNS pathologies to provide a deeper understanding of the knowledge in the APOE field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Fernández-Calle
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine C. Konings
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Javier Frontiñán-Rubio
- Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan García-Revilla
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Lluís Camprubí-Ferrer
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martina Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luís Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Henrietta M. Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar K. Gouras
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|