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Hilgenkamp TIM, Beck VDY, Azar F, Maloy-Robertson M, Matthews A, Shahani M, Goodman X, Oppewal A. Measurement protocols and determinants of peak oxygen consumption in adults with Down syndrome: a systematic review. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024. [PMID: 38600638 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of test protocols used to measure peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in adults with Down syndrome (DS) and to determine how generalisable the outcomes are for the entire population of adults with DS by describing the sample characteristics of these studies and their impact on VO2peak. A literature search (PROSPERO CRD42022309560) was performed (18 July 2023) using the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase and SPORTDiscus. For articles to be included, they had to be peer-reviewed pubications, reporting VO2peak or VO2max for individuals with DS separately, with a sample of n ≥ 5 and a mean age ≥18 years. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded but their reference lists were searched for additional papers to include. Studies were evaluated for risk of bias following the guidelines of Kmet et al. The results were summarised with frequency statistics. Forty-three studies were included in this systematic review. Sample sizes of included adults with DS ranged from n = 4-226, with a total of n = 1498 adults with DS being included. Most studies (29/43) used the same standardised maximal exercise treadmill protocol to measure VO2peak in adults with DS, and 33 out of 43 studies used at least one objective criterion to determine a valid maximal effort. Participants were predominantly male, under 40 years old, and overweight or obese. Additionally, the diversity of study samples was lacking or not reported. The most widely used, standardised, maximal exercise test treadmill protocol is recommended for future use in research and practice, including objective criteria to determine valid maximal effort. The current study samples are not representative of the population of adults with DS in terms of sex, age and diverse backgrounds and therefore likely overestimate VO2peak of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I M Hilgenkamp
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V D Y Beck
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - F Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Maloy-Robertson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - A Matthews
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - M Shahani
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - X Goodman
- University Libraries, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - A Oppewal
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Levy EJ, Vonhof HB, Bar-Matthews M, Martínez-García A, Ayalon A, Matthews A, Silverman V, Raveh-Rubin S, Zilberman T, Yasur G, Schmitt M, Haug GH. Weakened AMOC related to cooling and atmospheric circulation shifts in the last interglacial Eastern Mediterranean. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5180. [PMID: 37620353 PMCID: PMC10449873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited understanding of temperature and atmospheric circulation changes that accompany an Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown beyond the North Atlantic realm. A Peqi'in Cave (Israel) speleothem dated to the last interglacial period (LIG), 129-116 thousand years ago (ka), together with a large modern rainfall monitoring dataset, serve as the base for investigating past AMOC slowdown effects on the Eastern Mediterranean. Here, we reconstruct LIG temperatures and rainfall source using organic proxies (TEX86) and fluid inclusion water d-excess. The TEX86 data show a stepwise cooling from 19.8 ± 0.2° (ca. 128-126 ka) to 16.5 ± 0.6 °C (ca. 124-123 ka), while d-excess values decrease abruptly (ca. 126 ka). The d-excess shift suggests that rainfall was derived from more zonal Mediterranean air flow during the weakened AMOC interval. Decreasing rainfall d-excess trends over the last 25 years raise the question whether similar atmospheric circulation changes are also occurring today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan J Levy
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
- The Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Hubert B Vonhof
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Avner Ayalon
- The Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alan Matthews
- The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vered Silverman
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shira Raveh-Rubin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Gal Yasur
- The Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mareike Schmitt
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerald H Haug
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Wanigasooriya K, Sarma DR, Woods P, O’Connor P, Matthews A, Aslam MI, Dando C, Ferguson H, Francombe J, Lal N, Murphy PD, Papettas T, Ramcharan S, Busby K. The benefits of index telephone consultations in patients referred on the two-week wait colorectal cancer pathway. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:314-322. [PMID: 35486133 PMCID: PMC10066654 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to hospitals in the UK substituting face-to-face (FtF) clinics with virtual clinic (VC) appointments. We evaluated the use of virtual two-week wait (2-ww) lower gastrointestinal (LGI) clinic appointments, conducted using telephone calls at a district general hospital in England. METHODS Patients undergoing index outpatient 2-ww LGI clinic assessment between 1 June 2019 and 31 October 2019 (FtF group) and 1 June 2020 and 31 October 2020 (VC group) were identified. Relevant data were obtained using electronic patient records. Compliance with national cancer waiting time targets was assessed. Environmental and financial impact analyses were performed. RESULTS In total, 1,531 patients were analysed (median age=70, male=852, 55.6%). Of these, 757 (49.4%) were assessed virtually via telephone; the remainder were seen FtF (n=774, 50.6%). Ninety-two (6%, VC=44, FtF=48) patients had malignant pathology and 64 (4.2%) had colorectal cancer (CRC); of these, 46 (71.9%, VC=26, FtF=20) underwent treatment with curative intent. The median waiting times to index appointment, investigation and diagnosis were significantly lower following VC assessment (p<0.001). The cancer detection rates (p=0.749), treatments received (p=0.785) and median time to index treatment for CRC patients (p=0.156) were similar. A significantly higher proportion of patients were seen within two weeks of referral in the VC group (p<0.001). VC appointments saved patients a total of 9,288 miles, 0.7 metric tonnes of CO2 emissions and £7,482.97. Taxpayers saved £80,242.00 from VCs. No formal complaints were received from patients or staff in the VC group. CONCLUSION Virtual 2-ww LGI clinics were effective, safe and were associated with tangible environmental and financial benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DR Sarma
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - P Woods
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - P O’Connor
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Matthews
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - MI Aslam
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C Dando
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - H Ferguson
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - PD Murphy
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - T Papettas
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - K Busby
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Matthews A, Evans JP. Evaluating the measures in patient-reported outcomes, values and experiences (EMPROVE study): a collaborative audit of PROMs practice in orthopaedic care in the United Kingdom. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:357-364. [PMID: 35938506 PMCID: PMC10066647 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION All national orthopaedic societies advocate the use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), but clear guidance on their use is limited. We utilised a collaborative methodology to perform a national audit aiming to assess the perceived variability in PROMs practice in orthopaedic surgery in the United Kingdom. METHODS A multicentre collaborative audit of practice was performed extracting PROMs data on 21 commonly performed orthopaedic procedures. For each procedure, data were collected for frequency of PROM collection, type of PROM chosen, administration intervals, method and reason for collection. Compliance with national society recommendations was undertaken. RESULTS Sixty-three trusts enrolled to participate in the study with a completion rate of 60% (38 trusts). The most frequently reported PROMs were those associated with best practice tariffs (83.3% and 80.6% for hip and knee replacements, respectively). Outside incentivised programmes we observed a higher rate of variation in PROMs practice which failed to meet our audit standard. Across all procedures evaluated, 69% (221/318) of respondents to the study used paper as the primary method of PROM collection. CONCLUSIONS This is the first national audit of PROMs collection in orthopaedics. The integration of PROMs within best practice tariff platforms positively influences the frequency and standardisation of collection. Outside this initiative, PROMS collection is infrequent and highly varied despite the presence of several registries. Because PROMs collection is a recommendation across all procedures using implantable devices, the success of this will depend on the adequacy of funding, resource delivery and the presence of clearer recommendations.
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Hartnell GF, Lemke S, Moore D, Matthews A, Nemeth MA, Brister R, Liu S, Aulbach C. Performance and health of broiler chickens fed low erucic acid, lower fiber pennycress (CoverCress TM) grain. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102432. [PMID: 36682128 PMCID: PMC10014341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CoverCress (low erucic acid, lower fiber pennycress) is being developed as a cover crop to be planted in the fall after corn and harvested in the spring prior to planting soybeans. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate 2 lines of the whole grain (CCWG-1: natural mutation and mutation breeding; CCWG-2: gene edited) and the whole grain pretreated with the potential palatability agent copper sulfate (CCWG-1-CuSO4; CCWG-2-CuSO4) as an ingredient for broilers. In Experiment 1, CCWG-1-CuSO4 was included in the diet at 0, 4, and 6% for 41 d. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, processing characteristics, organ weights, serum thyroid, macropathology and histology data were collected. In Experiment 2, broilers were fed diets containing Control, 2% CCWG-1, 4% CCWG-1, 4% CCWG-2, and 4.35% CCWG-1-CuSO4 for 42 d. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, organ weights, serum thyroid, blood chemistries, macropathology, and histology data were collected. In Experiment 1, feed intake and body weight were diminished with no effect on feed conversion for the birds consuming diets containing CCWG-1-CuSO4. In Experiment 2, feed intake and body weight were lower with no difference in feed conversion in birds fed diets containing greater than 2% CoverCress grain during d 0 to 28. During d 28 to 42 no difference in feed intake, body weight and an improvement in feed conversion was observed in birds fed all of the CoverCress grain products. In both experiments no significant negative effects were observed in processing, liver, kidney, and thyroid weights, T3, T4, blood chemistries, macropathology, and histopathology between the control and any of the CoverCress grain treatments. No difference in performance was observed in birds fed the mutant (4% CCWG-1) and gene-edited (4% CCWG-2) products. Pretreating CoverCress grain with copper sulfate did not have a significant effect on improving palatability. In conclusion, CoverCress grain can be safely fed to broilers when included at a target rate of 4% in diets and with total glucosinolate levels not to exceed 4.9 µmoles g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Hartnell
- Hartnell International Consulting, LLC, St. Peters, MO 63376, USA.
| | - S Lemke
- SLL Consulting & Services, LLC, St. Louis, MO 63122, USA
| | - D Moore
- Colorado Quality Research Inc., Wellington, CO 80549, USA
| | - A Matthews
- Colorado Quality Research Inc., Wellington, CO 80549, USA
| | - M A Nemeth
- Statistical Consultants Plus, Fenton, MO 63026, USA
| | - R Brister
- Tyson Foods, Springdale, AR 72765, USA
| | - S Liu
- CoverCress Inc., St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - C Aulbach
- CoverCress Inc., St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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O'Grady F, Rao A, Iqbal N, Matthews A, Fan J, Wang P. Robustness Evaluation for Proton Therapy with a Spirometry Based Deep Inhalation Breath Hold System. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kettunen H, Bento MHL, Lewis EA, Remington S, Matthews A, Hendrix S, Vuorenmaa J. Tolerability of graded levels of tall oil fatty acids as a nutritional additive for broiler chickens: a 45-day target animal safety study. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:847-856. [PMID: 35946320 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2106776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. The following study was conducted to evaluate the tolerability of tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) to broiler chickens, at 3 graded levels as a nutritional additive in complete feed.2. 256 one-day-old female and male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were assigned to four dietary treatment groups with TOFA at 0 (control), 1.0, 3.0, or 5.0 g/kg complete feed for 45 days.3. Birds were weighed individually on days 0, 16, 31, and 45, and the feed intake, bird weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were calculated for the respective starter, grower and finisher phases and over the whole study. On day 45, blood samples were drawn from each bird for haematology and blood chemistry measurements. Two birds per pen were subjected to gross pathological examination and sampling of several tissues for histopathology, including weighing the liver.4. The dietary treatments did not affect zootechnical performance parameters or mortality over the whole study period. Bird performance was typical for the breed.5. Haematology, clinical chemistry and histopathology did not reveal any changes associated with dietary TOFA dosing. However, the 5.0 g/kg dose level increased the relative weight of the liver, as a percentage of final body weight, compared to the control group, but there was lack of corresponding histopathology findings.6. In conclusion, the study indicated that oral administration of TOFA for 45 days in feed was well tolerated by the birds at dietary levels of up to 5.0 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kettunen
- Hankkija Oy, Peltokuumolantie 4, FIN-05801 Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - M H L Bento
- NutraSteward, Bridge Innovation Center, Pembroke Dock, UK
| | - E A Lewis
- NutraSteward, Bridge Innovation Center, Pembroke Dock, UK
| | - S Remington
- NutraSteward, Bridge Innovation Center, Pembroke Dock, UK
| | - A Matthews
- Colorado Quality Research Inc. 400 East Country Road 72, Wellington. CO 80549, USA
| | - S Hendrix
- Colorado Quality Research Inc. 400 East Country Road 72, Wellington. CO 80549, USA
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Matthews A. Sources of micronutrient supply in the UK. Nat Food 2022; 3:491-492. [PMID: 37117936 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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Sellars L, Matthews A, Dobson M, Mohamed R. Lipomesosalpinx: differential diagnosis of a fat-containing adnexal mass. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:1586-1587. [PMID: 35699148 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1983786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Sellars
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lancashire Teaching Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - A Matthews
- Department of Radiology, Lancashire Teaching Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - M Dobson
- Department of Radiology, Lancashire Teaching Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - R Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lancashire Teaching Hospital Foundation NHS Trust, Preston, UK
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Sayed L, Valand P, Brewin M, Matthews A, Robson M, Nayaran N, Alexander A, Davies L, Scott E, Steele J, McMullen E. Determining the appropriate use of Technology Enabled Care Services (TECS) to manage upper limb trauma injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicentre retrospective observational study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:2127-2134. [PMID: 35367161 PMCID: PMC8855640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kelly C, Lan N, Phan J, Hng C, Matthews A, Rankin J, Dwivedi G, Hillis G, Ihdayhid A. An Evaluation of Standard Modifiable Risk Factor (SMuRF) Prevalence and Preventive Treatment Among Patients ≤45 Years of Age Presenting With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Matthews A. Trade agreements have health consequences. Nat Food 2021; 2:458. [PMID: 37117669 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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Abstract
The performance of the EU food system during the early stages of the Covid‐19 pandemic is examined in this article. The preliminary evidence from the early lockdown period in March to June 2020 supports the view that, apart from some experiences of empty supermarket shelves in the very first days of lockdown caused by hoarding by consumers, the EU food system has been remarkably resilient. EU farmers, processors and retailers have maintained food supplies to EU consumers and adjusted to the shift in demand caused by the lockdowns in the food service sector. Farm prices fell after lockdowns were introduced but, with some notable exceptions, such as flowers, the fall in prices has been limited. Consumer food prices, on the contrary, increased but this seems to have been a temporary phenomenon. The response to the pandemic has revealed the limitations in the EU’s crisis response mechanism particularly where market support may be needed. The argument of some EU leaders that local food systems should be supported as a way of increasing the resilience of the food system to future shocks does not have empirical support. Policies in the future should support firms in building more robust and resilient supply chains and not undermine food security built on misconceptions about how supply chains performed during the Covid‐19 pandemic.
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Gartin C, Matthews A, Esiashvili N, Shu H, Zhong J, McDonald M, Liu T, Eaton B. Robustness of a New Gradient Match Method in Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy of Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI) Using Independent Isocenter Setup. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Humphries N, McDermott AM, Conway E, Byrne JP, Prihodova L, Costello R, Matthews A. 'Everything was just getting worse and worse': deteriorating job quality as a driver of doctor emigration from Ireland. Hum Resour Health 2019; 17:97. [PMID: 31815621 PMCID: PMC6902557 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicine is a high-status, high-skill occupation which has traditionally provided access to good quality jobs and relatively high salaries. In Ireland, historic underfunding combined with austerity-related cutbacks has negatively impacted job quality to the extent that hospital medical jobs have begun to resemble extreme jobs. Extreme jobs combine components of a good quality job-high pay, high job control, challenging demands, with those of a low-quality job-long working hours, heavy workloads. Deteriorating job quality and the normalisation of extreme working is driving doctor emigration from Ireland and deterring return. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 Irish emigrant doctors in Australia who had emigrated from Ireland since 2008. Interviews were held in July-August 2018. RESULTS Respondents reflected on their experiences of working in the Irish health system, describing hospital workplaces that were understaffed, overstretched and within which extreme working had become normalised, particularly in relation to long working hours, fast working pace, doing more with less and fighting a climate of negativity. Drawing on Hirschman's work on exit, voice and loyalty (1970), the authors consider doctor emigration as exit and present respondent experiences of voice prior to emigration. Only 14/40 respondent emigrant doctors intend to return to work in Ireland. DISCUSSION The deterioration in medical job quality and the normalisation of extreme working is a key driver of doctor emigration from Ireland, and deterring return. Irish trained hospital doctors emigrate to access good quality jobs in Australia and are increasingly likely to remain abroad once they have secured them. To improve doctor retention, health systems and employers must mitigate a gainst the emergence of extreme work in healthcare. Employee voice (about working conditions, about patient safety, etc.) should be encouraged and used to inform health system improvement and to mitigate exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Humphries
- Research Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - A M McDermott
- Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - E Conway
- Dublin City University Business School, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J-P Byrne
- Research Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Prihodova
- Research Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Costello
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Matthews
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Li C, Matthews A, Rywant MM, Hallgren E, Shah RC. RACIAL DISPARITIES IN ELIGIBILITY FOR LOW-DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY LUNG CANCER SCREENING AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH A HISTORY OF SMOKING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - A Matthews
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Health Systems Science, Chicago, Illinois
| | - M M Rywant
- Department of Health Systems Management, College of Health Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, USA
| | - E Hallgren
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Sociology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R C Shah
- Rush University Medical Canter, Department of Family Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Li C, Chen Y, Liang J, Barnes L, Matthews A. RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TRAJECTORIES ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION TRAJECTORIES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy031.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y Chen
- University of Illinois at Chicago
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18
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Matthews A. Aboveground Produce Safety following the Gold King Mine Disaster. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lovell ME, Bruno R, Johnston J, Matthews A, McGregor I, Allsop DJ, Lintzeris N. Cognitive, physical, and mental health outcomes between long-term cannabis and tobacco users. Addict Behav 2018; 79:178-188. [PMID: 29291509 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis intoxication adversely affects health, yet persistent effects following short-term abstinence in long-term cannabis users are unclear. This matched-subjects, cross-sectional study compared health outcomes of long-term cannabis and long-term tobacco-only users, relative to population norms. METHODS Nineteen long-term (mean 32.3years of use, mean age 55.7years), abstinent (mean 15h) cannabis users and 16 long-term tobacco users (mean 37.1years of use, mean age 52.9years), matched for age, educational attainment, and lifetime tobacco consumption, were compared on measures of learning and memory, response inhibition, information-processing, sustained attention, executive control, and mental and physical health. RESULTS Cannabis users exhibited poorer overall learning and delayed recall and greater interference and forgetting than tobacco users, and exhibited poorer recall than norms. Inhibition and executive control were similar between groups, but cannabis users had slower reaction times during information processing and sustained attention tasks. Cannabis users had superior health satisfaction and psychological, somatic, and general health than tobacco users and had similar mental and physical health to norms whilst tobacco users had greater stress, role limitations from emotional problems, and poorer health satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Long-term cannabis users may exhibit deficits in some cognitive domains despite short-term abstinence and may therefore benefit from interventions to improve cognitive performance. Tobacco alone may contribute to adverse mental and physical health outcomes, which requires appropriate control in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Lovell
- School of Medicine (Psychology), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - R Bruno
- School of Medicine (Psychology), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - J Johnston
- University Centre for Rural Health - North Coast, University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - A Matthews
- School of Medicine (Psychology), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - I McGregor
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, School of Psychology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D J Allsop
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, School of Psychology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - N Lintzeris
- Discipline of Addictive Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The Langton Centre, South East Sydney Local Health District (SESLHD), Drug and Alcohol Services, 2010, Australia
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Zarate YA, Steinraths M, Matthews A, Smith WE, Sun A, Wilson LC, Brain C, Allgove J, Jacobs B, Fish JL, Powell CM, Wasserman WW, van Karnebeek CD, Wakeling EL, Ma NS. Bone health and SATB2-associated syndrome. Clin Genet 2017; 93:588-594. [PMID: 28787087 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is a rare disorder caused by alterations in the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2). Skeletal abnormalities such as tibial bowing, osteomalacia, osteopenia or osteoporosis have been reported suggesting a higher frequency of skeletal complications in SAS. The optimal timing, necessity, and methodology for routine assessment of bone health in individuals with SAS, however, remain unclear. We report molecular and phenotypic features of 7 individuals with SAS documented to have low bone mineral density (BMD) ascertained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), often preceded by tibial bowing. The lowest BMD Z-scores ranged -2.3 to -5.6. In 4 individuals, total alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated (2 with elevated bone fraction) around the time of low BMD documentation. A clinically significant fracture history and a diagnosis of pediatric osteoporosis were present in 4 individuals. Pamidronate treatment in 2 children improved BMD. In conclusion, low BMD, fractures, and tibial bowing are relatively common skeletal complications in individuals with SAS. DXA is a useful tool when evaluating a child with SAS suspected to have low BMD and the results might alter clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - M Steinraths
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Matthews
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - W E Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - A Sun
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - L C Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Great Ormond Street for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Brain
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Allgove
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J L Fish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - C M Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - W W Wasserman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C D van Karnebeek
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E L Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - N S Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Vaks A, Bar-Matthews M, Ayalon A, Matthews A, Frumkin A. Pliocene–Pleistocene palaeoclimate reconstruction from Ashalim Cave speleothems, Negev Desert, Israel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1144/sp466.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSpeleothems from Ashalim Cave, located in the arid central Negev Desert, Israel, were used in a reconstruction of the palaeoclimate of the northern Saharan–Arabian desert margin. The sequence of speleothems is composed of three stratigraphic members: the yellow Pliocene Basal Member, the brown Early Pleistocene Intermediate Member and the thin Middle–Late Pleistocene Young Member. The age of the Basal Member is c. 3.1 Ma and the base of the Intermediate Member is 1.272 ± 0.018 Ma. Two last deposition periods of the Young Member occurred at 221–190 ka (Negev Humid Period (NHP) 2) and 134–114 ka (NHP-1), associated with interglacial marine isotopic stages 7.3–7.1 and 5.5, respectively. NHP-1 and -2 occurred when the African monsoon index was highest in the last 221 ka. The δ18O values of the speleothems range between −6.9 and −11.2‰, 2–4‰ less than in the speleothems of central and northern Israel. This may indicate a remote southern tropical source of precipitation, although during NHP-1 and -2 the thickness of the Negev Desert speleothems decreases from north to south, showing a stronger northern Mediterranean source of moisture. The δ13C values of the speleothems (3.5 to −8.5‰) show steppe to semi-desert C4 type vegetation. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the speleothems increased from c. 0.7078 in the Pliocene to 0.7082–0.7085 in the Pleistocene, indicating an increasing supply of desert dust and a decrease in host rock weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Vaks
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malchei Israel Street, Jerusalem 9550161, Israel
| | - Miryam Bar-Matthews
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malchei Israel Street, Jerusalem 9550161, Israel
| | - Avner Ayalon
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malchei Israel Street, Jerusalem 9550161, Israel
| | - Alan Matthews
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Amos Frumkin
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Collins S, Singh R, Rivas A, Palmer A, Horne D, Manderson A, Roygard J, Matthews A. Transport and potential attenuation of nitrogen in shallow groundwaters in the lower Rangitikei catchment, New Zealand. J Contam Hydrol 2017; 206:55-66. [PMID: 29033220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agricultural activities are generally associated with nitrogen leaching from agricultural soils, and this nitrogen has the potential to percolate and contaminate groundwater and surface waters. We assessed surface water and groundwater interactions, and nitrogen leaching and its potential attenuation in shallow groundwater in the lower Rangitikei River catchment (832km2), New Zealand. We combined regional- and local-scale field surveys and experiments, nutrient budget modelling, and hydraulic and geochemical methods, to gain an insight into leaching, transformation and transport of nitrogen via groundwaters to the river in the study area. Concurrent river flow gaugings (in January 2015) and a piezometric map, developed from measured depths to groundwater in 110 bores (in October 2014), suggest groundwater discharges to the Rangitikei River in the upper parts of the study area, while there is groundwater recharge near the coast. The groundwater redox characterisation, based on sampling and analysis of 15 mostly shallow bores (<30m below ground level (bgl)), suggests groundwater across the lower Rangitikei catchment in general is under anoxic/reduced conditions. The groundwater typically has low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (<1mg/L), suggesting the subsurface environment is conducive to potential attenuation by 'denitrification' of NO3-N in groundwater. We further measured NO3-N attenuation in shallow groundwater piezometers (3-6mbgl) using single-well push-pull tests. We found generally low levels (<0.5mg/L) of NO3-N in shallow groundwater piezometers (>5mbgl), despite being installed under intensive land uses, such as dairying and cropping. Our in-field push-pull tests showed NO3-N reduction at four shallow groundwater piezometers, with the rates of reduction varying from 0.04mgNL-1h-1 to 1.57mgNL-1h-1. This highlights the importance of a sound understanding of not only the sources, but also transport and transformation, or fate, of nutrients leached from farms, to mitigate the likely impacts of land use on water quality and ecosystem health in agricultural catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Collins
- Soil and Earth Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Horizons Regional Council, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R Singh
- Soil and Earth Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - A Rivas
- Soil and Earth Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A Palmer
- Soil and Earth Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D Horne
- Soil and Earth Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A Manderson
- Landcare Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Roygard
- Horizons Regional Council, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A Matthews
- Horizons Regional Council, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Mamouri O, Leteurtre S, Vallée L, Vinchon M, Matthews A, Lampin M. Caractéristiques et facteurs pronostiques sur le devenir à court terme des traumatismes crâniens infligés des nourrissons hospitalisés en réanimation pédiatrique. Arch Pediatr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Matthews A, Turkson M, Forbes H, Langan SM, Smeeth L, Bhaskaran K. Statin use and the risk of herpes zoster: a nested case-control study using primary care data from the U.K. Clinical Research Practice Datalink. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1183-1194. [PMID: 27292233 PMCID: PMC5215701 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Statins are commonly prescribed worldwide and recent evidence suggests that they may increase the risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Objectives To quantify the effect of statin exposure on the risk of HZ in the U.K. Methods A matched case–control study was conducted using data from U.K. primary care and hospital records. Patients > 18 years with an incident diagnosis of HZ were matched to up to four controls for age, sex and general practice. Patients were included in the statin exposure group if they had ever used a statin, and the daily dosage of the most recent statin prescription and the time since the most recent statin prescription were also recorded. The primary outcome was an incident diagnosis of HZ. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from conditional logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders. Results A total of 144 959 incident cases of HZ were matched to 549 336 controls. Adjusted analysis suggested strong evidence for an increase in the risk of HZ related to statin exposure (OR 1·13, 95% confidence interval 1·11–1·15). There was also an increased risk when dosages were increased for patients who were currently or had recently been receiving statin treatment (Ptrend < 0·001), and we found an attenuation of the increased risk of HZ in previous statin users as the time since last statin exposure increased (Ptrend < 0·001). Conclusions These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that statin therapy leads to an increase in the risk of HZ. What's already known about this topic? Studies in both Canada and Taiwan have recently reported a small but significantly increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients receiving statin treatment. As statins are one of the most widely prescribed drugs in the U.K., with around 45 million prescriptions every year, any adverse effects will have substantial public health implications.
What does this study add? In this large matched case–control study, statin exposure was associated with a modest increase in the risk of HZ. A dose–response relationship was observed, and there was an attenuation of the increased risk over time among people who stopped statin therapy, indicating that the increased risk is consistent with a causal effect. There may be extra motivation to maximize HZ vaccine uptake among eligible patients receiving a statin.
Linked Comment:Shalom and Cohen. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1137–1138.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matthews
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
| | - M Turkson
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
| | - H Forbes
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
| | - S M Langan
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
| | - L Smeeth
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
| | - K Bhaskaran
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
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Yeung WK, Sukhorukova IV, Shtansky DV, Levashov EA, Zhitnyak IY, Gloushankova NA, Kiryukhantsev-Korneev PV, Petrzhik MI, Matthews A, Yerokhin A. Characteristics and in vitro response of thin hydroxyapatite-titania films produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation of Ti alloys in electrolytes with particle additions. RSC Adv 2016; 6:12688-12698. [PMID: 27019704 PMCID: PMC4786953 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced incorporation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in porous titania coating formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation significantly increases surface osteogenic activity.
The enhancement of the biological properties of Ti by surface doping with hydroxyapatite (HA) is of great significance, especially for orthodontic applications. This study addressed the effects of HA particle size in the electrolyte suspension on the characteristics and biological properties of thin titania-based coatings produced on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Detailed morphological investigation of the coatings formed by a single-stage PEO process with two-step control of the electrical parameters was performed using the Minkowski functionals approach. The surface chemistry was studied by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, whereas mechanical properties were evaluated using scratch tests. The biological assessment included in vitro evaluation of the coating bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) as well as studies of spreading, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The results demonstrated that both HA micro- and nanoparticles were successfully incorporated in the coatings but had different effects on their surface morphology and elemental distributions. The micro-particles formed an irregular surface morphology featuring interpenetrated networks of fine pores and coating material, whereas the nanoparticles penetrated deeper into the coating matrix which retained major morphological features of the porous TiO2 coating. All coatings suffered cohesive failure in scratch tests, but no adhesive failure was observed; moreover doping with HA increased the coating scratch resistance. In vitro tests in SBF revealed enhanced bioactivity of both HA-doped PEO coatings; furthermore, the cell proliferation/morphometric tests showed their good biocompatibility. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a well-organised actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions in MC3T3-E1 cells cultivated on these substrates. The cell alkaline phosphatase activity in the presence of ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate was significantly increased, especially in HA nanoparticle-doped coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Yeung
- University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1142 225970
| | - I V Sukhorukova
- National University of Science and Technology 'MISiS', Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - D V Shtansky
- National University of Science and Technology 'MISiS', Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - E A Levashov
- National University of Science and Technology 'MISiS', Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - I Y Zhitnyak
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - N A Gloushankova
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | | | - M I Petrzhik
- National University of Science and Technology 'MISiS', Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - A Matthews
- University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1142 225970; University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A Yerokhin
- University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1142 225970; National University of Science and Technology 'MISiS', Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
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Cole P, Gornall BT, Wood MD, Whitcher R, Bannon A, Bloomer S, Fear J, Hale H, Humphries J, Hunak S, Jones C, Matthewman C, Matthews A, Slater S, Stephens C, Stewart J. Strategies for engaging with future radiation protection professionals: a public outreach case study. J Radiol Prot 2015; 35:N25-N32. [PMID: 26444019 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/4/n25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is evident that there is a nuclear skills shortage within the UK, and logically it can be assumed that the shortfall extends to the radiation protection arena. Plans for nuclear new-build and the decommissioning of existing nuclear sites will require many more people with radiological knowledge and practical competencies. This converts to a nuclear industry requirement in the order of 1000 new recruits per year over at least the next ten years, mainly as new apprentices and graduates. At the same time, the strong demand for persons with radiation protection know-how in the non-nuclear and health care sectors is unlikely to diminish. The task of filling this skills gap is a significant one and it will require a determined effort from many UK stakeholders. The Society for Radiological Protection (SRP) has adopted a strategy in recent years to help address this skills gap. The aim is to engage the interest of secondary school students in the science of radiation and inspire them to follow a career in radiation protection. This paper presents the reasoning behind this strategy and, in an 'outreach case study', describes the establishment of the annual SRP Schools Event. This event is becoming an important addition to the national efforts aimed at increasing the numbers of skilled UK radiation protection professionals over the forthcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cole
- Radiation Protection Office, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
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Cremer R, Lervat C, Laffargue A, Le Cunff J, Joriot S, Minnaert C, Cuisset JM, Mention K, Thomas D, Guimber D, Matthews A, Fayoux P, Storme L, Vandoolaeghe S. Comment organiser la délibération collégiale pour limiter ou arrêter les traitements en pédiatrie ? Arch Pediatr 2015; 22:1119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gnedenkov S, Sinebryukhov S, Zavidnaya A, Egorkin V, Puz’ A, Mashtalyar D, Sergienko V, Yerokhin A, Matthews A. Composite hydroxyapatite–PTFE coatings on Mg–Mn–Ce alloy for resorbable implant applications via a plasma electrolytic oxidation-based route. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Matthews A, Hutnik C, Hill K, Newson T, Chan T, Campbell G. Indentation and needle insertion properties of the human eye. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:880-7. [PMID: 24810571 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Characterization of the biomechanical properties of the human eye has a number of potential utilities. One novel purpose is to provide the basis for development of suitable tissue-mimicking material. The purpose of this study was to determine the indentation and needle insertion characteristics on human eye globes and tissue strips. METHODS An indenter assessed the elastic response of human eye globes and tissue strips under increasing compressive loads. Needle insertion determined the force (N) needed to penetrate various areas of the eye wall. RESULTS The results demonstrated that globes underwent slightly greater indentation at the midline than at the central cornea, and corneal strips indented twofold more than scleral strips, although neither difference was significant (P=0.400 and P=0.100, respectively). Significant differences were observed among various areas of needle insertion (P<0.001). Needle insertion through the anterior sclera (adjacent to the limbus) and posterior sclera (adjacent to the optic nerve) required the greatest amount of force (0.954 and 1.005 N, respectively). The force required to penetrate the central cornea (0.518 N) was significantly lower than all other areas except the midline sclera (0.700 N) CONCLUSION: These data form the basis for further research into the development of a tissue-mimicking human eye construct with potential utility as a model for use in ophthalmology research and surgical teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matthews
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Hutnik
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Hill
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Newson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Research Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Campbell
- Medical Devices, National Research Council Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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Williams J, Scarborough P, Matthews A, Cowburn G, Foster C, Roberts N, Rayner M. A systematic review of the influence of the retail food environment around schools on obesity-related outcomes. Obes Rev 2014; 15:359-74. [PMID: 24417984 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of childhood obesity has led to questions about the influence of 'obesogenic' environments on children's health. Public health interventions targeting the retail food environment around schools have been proposed, but it is unclear if they are evidence based. This systematic review investigates associations between food outlets near schools and children's food purchases, consumption and body weight. We conducted a keyword search in 10 databases. Inclusion criteria required papers to be peer reviewed, to measure retailing around schools and to measure obesity-related outcomes among schoolchildren. Thirty papers were included. This review found very little evidence for an effect of the retail food environment surrounding schools on food purchases and consumption, but some evidence of an effect on body weight. Given the general lack of evidence for association with the mediating variables of food purchases and consumption, and the observational nature of the included studies, it is possible that the effect on body weight is a result of residual confounding. Most of the included studies did not consider individual children's journeys through the food environment, suggesting that predominant exposure measures may not account for what individual children actually experience. These findings suggest that future interventions targeting the food environment around schools need careful evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Williams
- British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Morgan A, Gath J, MacKenzie M, Matthews A, Stobart H, Turner L, Wilcox M. Abstract P1-10-01: Patient advocate involvement shapes UK’s first national breast cancer tissue bank - The breast cancer campaign tissue bank. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p1-10-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank (BCCTB) was initiated in 2010 after the charity Breast Cancer Campaign heard from breast cancer experts that insufficient high quality breast cancer tissue was preventing research which would impact people with breast cancer1. The charity decided to involve patient advocates in the development of the BCCTB from the beginning.
Two advocates reviewed the initial applications to form the BCCTB. These included both single and multi-centre applications so they suggested that, rather than choosing one centre to form the Bank, the charity consider a collaboration of centres. Throughout the development of the BCCTB, the patient advocates asked the ‘elephant in the room’ questions and brought a different perspective. They also helped to design the Bank's processes, including the consent process and asking that all tissue applicants produce a lay summary of their research.
There are now two advocates on the Board which provides strategic direction to the BCCTB. The advocates have equal status to other Board members. There are also three advocates on the Tissue Access Committee which controls the use of tissue in the Bank. Lay summaries of projects have to be approved by all advocates before an application can proceed. This means that no precious tissue is released without the approval of a lay person, who can ensure maximum patient benefit will be achieved from any research. The Bank's data return policy was also driven by the patient advocates who were keen that the tissues donated were used to their maximum benefit. This has resulted in the first publication from BCCTB2
Patient advocates have been involved in promoting the use of tissue from the bank presenting at conferences and at BCCTB road shows. Patient advocates have also been involved in asking potential donors to consent to donate to the tissue bank.
The involvement of patient advocates in the development and oversight of the BCCTB has shown researchers that patient and public involvement works. The advocates can also help promote the Bank and the benefits of tissue donation to both professionals and lay groups.
The patient advocates involved in the Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank are members of the charity Independent Cancer Patients’ Voice
1. Thompson P, Brennan K, Cox A, Gee J, Harcourt D, Harris A, Harvie M, Holen I, Howell A, Nicholson R, Steel M, Streuli C. Evaluation of the current knowledge limitations in breast cancer research: a gap analysis. Breast Cancer Res 2008: 10(2); R26.
2. Speirs V, Morgan A. Investment biobanking – increased returns on tissue samples. Nat Rev Clin Onc 2013; 10:128-129.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-10-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morgan
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - J Gath
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - M MacKenzie
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - A Matthews
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - H Stobart
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - L Turner
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilcox
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
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Matthews A, Parker M, Rutledge N, Conrad K, Luci J, Bluett B. E-067 Permeability Surface Product as a Predictor of Haemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Intervention. J Neurointerv Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kingsley SCJ, Jones H, Twin A, Agrawal H, Matthews A, Batey GJ, Cuthbert M. Review of recently supplied Oxford Instruments UHV/ULT cryostats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/400/5/052012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lewis CR, Smith R, Matthews A, Choo E, Lee C. Abstract PD04-03: Is breast conservation therapy an option for young women with operable breast cancer? Local recurrence rates in young women following surgery: a single centre experience. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-pd04-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is less common in young women (defined here as ≤ 40 years age), but is associated with more aggressive biological features, higher risk of local recurrence (LR) and poorer overall survival. This study examines and compares the incidence of LR following breast conservation therapy (BCT) versus mastectomy in women with operable BC treated at our centre.
Methods: The POWCC breast cancer database was retrospectively reviewed for the period January 1995 to December 2008. 2250 eligible women with BC undergoing primary breast surgery were identified. LR rate was compared between young women and older women (age > 40 years), and according to type of surgery. Data were analysed using a competing risk Cox model to account for distant recurrence and death as competing events for local recurrence.
Results: Median follow-up was 70 months. Of 2250 women, 246 (11%) were young women, and the mastectomy rate was 49.2%. In older women (89%), mastectomy rate was 41.7%. LR occurred in 17 (6.9%) and 57 (2.8%) in young and older women respectively (p = 0.001). Amongst the young women, 12 (9.6%) and 5 (4.1%) patients recurred locally in BCT and mastectomy respectively (p = 0.09). Amongst the older women, 43 (3.7%) and 14 (1.7%) patients recurred locally in BCT and mastectomy respectively (p = 0.008). In univariate Cox analysis, significant risk factors for LR were BCT (p = 0.003), positive surgical margins (p = 0.03), age ≤ 40 years (p = 0.001), premenopausal status (p = 0.003) and no adjuvant systemic therapy (0.02). Age remains a significant predictor of LR in multivariate Cox analysis (Table). There was no significant interaction between age and type of surgery on LR (p = 0.72).
Discussion: Our results demonstrate that young women who undergo BCT have the highest risk of early LR. Adjuvant systemic therapy is protective of early LR. This study is hypothesis-generating and a definitive prospective clinical trial is required to better determine the optimal type of breast surgery in young women.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD04-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- CR Lewis
- Prince of Wales Cancer Centre (POWCC), Randwick, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Unit, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Smith
- Prince of Wales Cancer Centre (POWCC), Randwick, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Unit, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Matthews
- Prince of Wales Cancer Centre (POWCC), Randwick, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Unit, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E Choo
- Prince of Wales Cancer Centre (POWCC), Randwick, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Unit, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Lee
- Prince of Wales Cancer Centre (POWCC), Randwick, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Unit, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Raj G, Gupta G, Matthews A. Assoc Med J 2012; 345:e5859-e5859. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cremer R, Fayoux P, Guimber D, Joriot S, Laffargue A, Lervat C, Matthews A, Mention K, Sfeir R, Storme L, Thomas D, Thumerelle C, Vandoolaeghe S. Le médecin consultant pour les limitations et les arrêts de traitement en pédiatrie. Arch Pediatr 2012; 19:856-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Quyn AJ, Matthews A, Daniel T, Amin AI, Yalamarthi S. The clinical significance of radiologically detected indeterminate pulmonary nodules in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:828-31. [PMID: 21762353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer patients identified with indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) in the absence of other metastasis represent a clinical dilemma. This study aimed to identify characteristics that could predict which nodules truly represented a metastasis in an attempt to optimize therapy and to reduce the number of follow-up chest CT scans performed. METHOD All patients with colon or rectal cancer who presented between 2004 and 2008 were analysed. Patients with IPN on staging CT were identified from a dedicated prospective database and the medical records analysed and follow up recorded. Patients with obvious metastatic disease were excluded from analysis. Association of location, number and size of the nodules and metastatic disease were the primary end-points for analysis. RESULTS Nine hundred and eight patients presenting with cancer of the colon or rectum were identified. Thirty-seven (4%) patients were diagnosed with IPN with no obvious metastatic disease on staging CT. At a median follow up of 23 months there were eight (21%) cases where nodules had progressed. No significant association was detected between nodule size and pulmonary metastasis. Half of the patients with four or more nodules showed progression on serial CT imaging suggestive of pulmonary metastasis (χ(2), P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION Colorectal cancer patients with four or more indeterminate pulmonary nodules on preoperative staging CT imaging, even in the absence of metastasis elsewhere, are likely to represent pulmonary metastatic disease. These patients should be followed up with short-term interval CT imaging to enable early detection of progression so that treatment can be tailored appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Quyn
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Queen Margaret Hospital, Dunfermline, Fife, UK
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Smith R, Matthews A, Poon R, Lee C, Choo E, Lewis C. Local recurrence rates in young women with breast cancer following breast conservation treatment and mastectomy. Breast 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Matthews A, Hunt H. Improving Safety by Standardizing Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Telephone Triage. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matthews
- Institute for Land, Water and Society Charles Sturt University Albury NSW Australia
| | - K Green
- Snowy Mountains Region National Parks and Wildlife Service Jindabyne NSW Australia
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Matthews A, Kidd D, Neilson L, Dillon D, Payne R, Bowen R, Meredith C. Use of the Epioral™ tissue model to determine the irritation potential of Swedish snus. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schache A, Matthews A, Newey C, Risk J, Liloglou T, Shaw R. Does human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) have a role in malignant or premalignant lesions of the oral cavity? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ivanova TN, Matthews A, Gross C, Mappus RC, Gollnick C, Swanson A, Bassell GJ, Liu RC. Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA expression reveals a subcellular trace of prior sound exposure in adult primary auditory cortex. Neuroscience 2011; 181:117-26. [PMID: 21334422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acquiring the behavioral significance of sound has repeatedly been shown to correlate with long term changes in response properties of neurons in the adult primary auditory cortex. However, the molecular and cellular basis for such changes is still poorly understood. To address this, we have begun examining the auditory cortical expression of an activity-dependent effector immediate early gene (IEG) with documented roles in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation in the hippocampus: Arc/Arg3.1. For initial characterization, we applied a repeated 10 min (24 h separation) sound exposure paradigm to determine the strength and consistency of sound-evoked Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA expression in the absence of explicit behavioral contingencies for the sound. We used 3D surface reconstruction methods in conjunction with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to assess the layer-specific subcellular compartmental expression of Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA. We unexpectedly found that both the intranuclear and cytoplasmic patterns of expression depended on the prior history of sound stimulation. Specifically, the percentage of neurons with expression only in the cytoplasm increased for repeated versus singular sound exposure, while intranuclear expression decreased. In contrast, the total cellular expression did not differ, consistent with prior IEG studies of primary auditory cortex. Our results were specific for cortical layers 3-6, as there was virtually no sound driven Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA in layers 1-2 immediately after stimulation. Our results are consistent with the kinetics and/or detectability of cortical subcellular Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA expression being altered by the initial exposure to the sound, suggesting exposure-induced modifications in the cytoplasmic Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Ivanova
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Immune mediated keratopathies (IMMKs) are a relatively commonly occurring group of heterogeneous corneal disorders. This paper describes the currently recognised clinical presentations of the IMMKs in the USA and in the UK. Although a clinical diagnosis is relatively straightforward in most cases, the specific aetiopathogeneses of the IMMKs remains elusive and largely speculative, but are thought to be based upon upregulated immunoreactivity in the normally immunologically passive cornea. Treatment protocols, both medical and surgical, are based primarily on collective clinical experience and are variably successful, and in some cases recurrence or refractoriness to treatment is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matthews
- McKenzie Bryson and Marshall, Kilmarnock, Scotland, UK
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Matthews A, Gavin C, O'Driscoll BR. P231 Audit of pre-hospital oxygen therapy by North West Ambulance Service (NWAS) 1 year after publication of new JRCALC guidance for oxygen use. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.151068.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kaur H, Matthews A, Risk J, Shaw R. P4 Assessing the modes of saliva collection in irradiated oral cancer patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(10)60095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sachs JD, Baillie JEM, Sutherland WJ, Armsworth PR, Ash N, Beddington J, Blackburn TM, Collen B, Gardiner B, Gaston KJ, Godfray HCJ, Green RE, Harvey PH, House B, Knapp S, Kumpel NF, Macdonald DW, Mace GM, Mallet J, Matthews A, May RM, Petchey O, Purvis A, Roe D, Safi K, Turner K, Walpole M, Watson R, Jones KE. Biodiversity Conservation and the Millennium Development Goals. Science 2009; 325:1502-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1175035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
The effectiveness of restraint and seclusion interventions in the nursing management of disturbed and aggressive clients remains questionable. Considerable debate continues regarding the use of these treatment options in psychiatric hospitals. The existing literature suggests that the controversial nature of restraint and seclusion creates a complex dilemma for nurses, which initiates emotional distress. This study specifically explored the emotions and feelings experienced by a group of psychiatric nurses working in Ireland in relation to incidents of restraint and seclusion. A qualitative research approach was employed incorporating focus group discussions. A total of 23 nurses participated in three focus group interviews. The data were analysed using qualitative interpretive analysis. Three themes were created consisting of: (1) the last resort - restraint and seclusion; (2) emotional distress; and (3) suppressing unpleasant emotions. It is suggested that the nurses' experience of restraint and seclusion created a dynamic movement between the release and suppression of distressing emotions. The oscillatory characteristics embedded within the nurses' emotional responses were reminiscent of a model of suffering developed by Morse in 2001. Consequently, this model is incorporated throughout the discussion of the findings to provide a more in-depth description of the emotional distress experienced by the nurses in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moran
- School of Nursing, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Huntington GB, Magee K, Matthews A, Poore M, Burns J. Urea metabolism in beef steers fed tall fescue, orchardgrass, or gamagrass hays. J Anim Sci 2008; 87:1346-53. [PMID: 19098251 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to assess effects of endophyte treatments (Exp. 1), forage species (Exp. 2), and supplementation (Exp. 2) on urea production, excretion, and recycling in beef steers. Infusion of (15,15)N-urea and enrichment of urea in urine samples were used to calculate urea-N entry and recycling to the gut. Acceptably stable enrichment of (15)N-urea in urine was obtained after 50 h of intrajugular infusion of (15,15)N-urea, indicating that valid data on urea metabolism can be obtained from steers fed forages twice daily. After adjustment by covariance for differences in N intake among treatments in Exp. 1, steers fed endophyte-infected tall fescue had less (P<0.10) urea-N entry, recycling to the gut, and return of recycled urea-N to the ornithine cycle than those fed endophyte-free or novel endophyte-infected tall fescue. However, urea-N urinary excretion or return to the gut was similar among endophyte treatments when expressed as a proportion of urea-N entry. Urea-N entry and return to the gut in Exp. 2 was similar in steers fed gamagrass or orchardgrass hay after adjustment by covariance for differences in N intake. Less (P<0.01) urinary excretion, expressed as grams per day or as a proportion of urea-N entry, with gamagrass than with orchardgrass was associated with faster in vitro NDF-N digestion with gamagrass. Supplementation of gamagrass or orchardgrass with 1.76 kg/d of readily fermentable fiber and starch decreased urea entry (P<0.06) and urinary excretion of urea (P<0.01). Interactions between hay source and supplement reflected a greater response to supplementation for steers fed orchardgrass than for those fed gamagrass. After adjustment for differences among treatments in N supply, results of both experiments support the concept of improved N use in response to increased carbohydrate fermentability in the rumen, due either to inherent differences in forage fiber or to supplementation with readily fermentable carbohydrate (starch or fiber). Closer coordination of ruminal fermentation of carbohydrate and N sources provided greater and more efficient capture of dietary N as tissue protein in forage-fed steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Huntington
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA.
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Pratt D, Hahn W, Matthews A, Febbo P, Berger R, Duckworth B, Levy J, Segaran T, Sun J, Ladd B, Elliston K. Computational causal reasoning models of mechanisms of androgen stimulation in prostate cancer. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2006:38. [PMID: 17946775 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.259460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Pratt
- Genstruct Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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