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Rizvi H, Sanchez-Vega F, La K, Chatila W, Jonsson P, Halpenny D, Plodkowski A, Long N, Sauter JL, Rekhtman N, Hollmann T, Schalper KA, Gainor JF, Shen R, Ni A, Arbour KC, Merghoub T, Wolchok J, Snyder A, Chaft JE, Kris MG, Rudin CM, Socci ND, Berger MF, Taylor BS, Zehir A, Solit DB, Arcila ME, Ladanyi M, Riely GJ, Schultz N, Hellmann MD. Molecular Determinants of Response to Anti-Programmed Cell Death (PD)-1 and Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Blockade in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Profiled With Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:633-641. [PMID: 29337640 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.75.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 983] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is characterized by durable responses and improved survival in a subset of patients. Clinically available tools to optimize use of ICIs and understand the molecular determinants of response are needed. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly routine, but its role in identifying predictors of response to ICIs is not known. Methods Detailed clinical annotation and response data were collected for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with anti-programmed death-1 or anti-programmed death-ligand 1 [anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1] therapy and profiled by targeted NGS (MSK-IMPACT; n = 240). Efficacy was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, and durable clinical benefit (DCB) was defined as partial response/stable disease that lasted > 6 months. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), fraction of copy number-altered genome, and gene alterations were compared among patients with DCB and no durable benefit (NDB). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for 49 patients to compare quantification of TMB by targeted NGS versus WES. Results Estimates of TMB by targeted NGS correlated well with WES (ρ = 0.86; P < .001). TMB was greater in patients with DCB than with NDB ( P = .006). DCB was more common, and progression-free survival was longer in patients at increasing thresholds above versus below the 50th percentile of TMB (38.6% v 25.1%; P < .001; hazard ratio, 1.38; P = .024). The fraction of copy number-altered genome was highest in those with NDB. Variants in EGFR and STK11 associated with a lack of benefit. TMB and PD-L1 expression were independent variables, and a composite of TMB plus PD-L1 further enriched for benefit to ICIs. Conclusion Targeted NGS accurately estimates TMB and elevated TMB further improved likelihood of benefit to ICIs. TMB did not correlate with PD-L1 expression; both variables had similar predictive capacity. The incorporation of both TMB and PD-L1 expression into multivariable predictive models should result in greater predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Rizvi
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Konnor La
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Walid Chatila
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Philip Jonsson
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Darragh Halpenny
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew Plodkowski
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Niamh Long
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer L Sauter
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Travis Hollmann
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Ronglai Shen
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Ai Ni
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathryn C Arbour
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Jedd Wolchok
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Alexandra Snyder
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Jamie E Chaft
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark G Kris
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - David B Solit
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Maria E Arcila
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Gregory J Riely
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Hira Rizvi, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Konnor La, Walid Chatila, Philip Jonsson, Darragh Halpenny, Andrew Plodkowski, Niamh Long, Jennifer L. Sauter, Natasha Rekhtman, Travis Hollmann, Ronglai Shen, Ai Ni, Kathryn C. Arbour, Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor, Ahmet Zehir, David B. Solit, Maria E. Arcila, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely, Nikolaus Schultz, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Taha Merghoub, Jedd Wolchok, Alexandra Snyder, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Charles M. Rudin, Gregory J. Riely, and Matthew D. Hellmann, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Kurt A. Schalper, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Justin F. Gainor, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Alexandra Snyder, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
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