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Dou Y, Katsnelson L, Gritsenko MA, Hu Y, Reva B, Hong R, Wang YT, Kolodziejczak I, Lu RJH, Tsai CF, Bu W, Liu W, Guo X, An E, Arend RC, Bavarva J, Chen L, Chu RK, Czekański A, Davoli T, Demicco EG, DeLair D, Devereaux K, Dhanasekaran SM, Dottino P, Dover B, Fillmore TL, Foxall M, Hermann CE, Hiltke T, Hostetter G, Jędryka M, Jewell SD, Johnson I, Kahn AG, Ku AT, Kumar-Sinha C, Kurzawa P, Lazar AJ, Lazcano R, Lei JT, Li Y, Liao Y, Lih TSM, Lin TT, Martignetti JA, Masand RP, Matkowski R, McKerrow W, Mesri M, Monroe ME, Moon J, Moore RJ, Nestor MD, Newton C, Omelchenko T, Omenn GS, Payne SH, Petyuk VA, Robles AI, Rodriguez H, Ruggles KV, Rykunov D, Savage SR, Schepmoes AA, Shi T, Shi Z, Tan J, Taylor M, Thiagarajan M, Wang JM, Weitz KK, Wen B, Williams CM, Wu Y, Wyczalkowski MA, Yi X, Zhang X, Zhao R, Mutch D, Chinnaiyan AM, Smith RD, Nesvizhskii AI, Wang P, Wiznerowicz M, Ding L, Mani DR, Zhang H, Anderson ML, Rodland KD, Zhang B, Liu T, Fenyö D. Proteogenomic insights suggest druggable pathways in endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1586-1605.e15. [PMID: 37567170 PMCID: PMC10631452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterized a prospective endometrial carcinoma (EC) cohort containing 138 tumors and 20 enriched normal tissues using 10 different omics platforms. Targeted quantitation of two peptides can predict antigen processing and presentation machinery activity, and may inform patient selection for immunotherapy. Association analysis between MYC activity and metformin treatment in both patients and cell lines suggests a potential role for metformin treatment in non-diabetic patients with elevated MYC activity. PIK3R1 in-frame indels are associated with elevated AKT phosphorylation and increased sensitivity to AKT inhibitors. CTNNB1 hotspot mutations are concentrated near phosphorylation sites mediating pS45-induced degradation of β-catenin, which may render Wnt-FZD antagonists ineffective. Deep learning accurately predicts EC subtypes and mutations from histopathology images, which may be useful for rapid diagnosis. Overall, this study identified molecular and imaging markers that can be further investigated to guide patient stratification for more precise treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lizabeth Katsnelson
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Iga Kolodziejczak
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 20-203 Poznań, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rita Jui-Hsien Lu
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Wen Bu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine and Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Eunkyung An
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Jasmin Bavarva
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Andrzej Czekański
- Wroclaw Medical University and Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center (DCOPIH), Wrocław, Poland
| | - Teresa Davoli
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Deborah DeLair
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly Devereaux
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Saravana M Dhanasekaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter Dottino
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bailee Dover
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Thomas L Fillmore
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - McKenzie Foxall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Catherine E Hermann
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Marcin Jędryka
- Wroclaw Medical University and Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center (DCOPIH), Wrocław, Poland
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Isabelle Johnson
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrea G Kahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Amy T Ku
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paweł Kurzawa
- Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital in Poznan ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rossana Lazcano
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan T Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuxing Liao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tung-Shing M Lih
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tai-Tu Lin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - John A Martignetti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ramya P Masand
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Wroclaw Medical University and Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology Center (DCOPIH), Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wilson McKerrow
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jamie Moon
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michael D Nestor
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Chelsea Newton
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dmitry Rykunov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Athena A Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Zhiao Shi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jimin Tan
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mason Taylor
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joshua M Wang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C M Williams
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Xinpei Yi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - David Mutch
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 60-203 Poznań, Poland; Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital in Poznan ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Matthew L Anderson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine and Tampa General Hospital Cancer Institute, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97221, USA.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Huijbers JCJ, Coenen P, Burchell GLB, Coppieters MW, Steenhuis IHM, Van Dieën JH, Koes BW, Kempen DHR, Anema JR, Kingma I, Voogt L, Williams CM, Van Dongen JM, Van der Ploeg HP, Ostelo RWJG, Scholten-Peeters GGM. The (cost-)effectiveness of combined lifestyle interventions for people with persistent low-back pain who are overweight or obese: A systematic review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2023; 65:102770. [PMID: 37167807 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lifestyle factors are expected to contribute to the persistence and burden of low-back pain (LBP). However, there are no systematic reviews on the (cost-)effectiveness of combined lifestyle interventions for overweight or obese people with LBP. AIM To assess whether combined lifestyle interventions are (cost-)effective for people with persistent LBP who are overweight or obese, based on a systematic review. DESIGN Systematic review METHOD: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Wiley/Cochrane Library were searched from database inception till January 6th 2023. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data-extraction and risk of bias scoring using the Cochrane RoB tool 2 and/or the Consensus Health Economic Criteria list. GRADE was used to assess the level of certainty of the evidence. RESULTS In total 2510 records were screened, and 4 studies on 3 original RCTs with 216 participants were included. Low certainty evidence (1 study) showed that combined lifestyle interventions were not superior to usual care for physical functioning, pain and lifestyle outcomes. Compared to usual care, moderate certainty evidence showed that healthcare (-$292, 95%CI: 872; -33), medication (-$30, 95% CI -65; -4) and absenteeism costs (-$1000, 95%CI: 3573; -210) were lower for the combined lifestyle interventions. CONCLUSION There is low certainty evidence from 3 studies with predominantly small sample sizes, short follow-up and low intervention adherence that combined lifestyle interventions are not superior to physical functioning, pain and lifestyle outcomes compared to usual care, but are likely to be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C J Huijbers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program Musculoskeletal Health, the Netherlands
| | - P Coenen
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - G L B Burchell
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W Coppieters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program Musculoskeletal Health, the Netherlands; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane & Gold Coast, Australia
| | - I H M Steenhuis
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program Musculoskeletal Health, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J H Van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program Musculoskeletal Health, the Netherlands
| | - B W Koes
- Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of General Practice, the Netherlands
| | - D H R Kempen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joint Research, OLVG Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J R Anema
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Kingma
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program Musculoskeletal Health, the Netherlands
| | - L Voogt
- NVVR, Dutch Society of Back Pain, the Netherlands
| | - C M Williams
- School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; Research and Knowledge Translation Directorate, Mid-North Coast Local Health District, Australia
| | - J M Van Dongen
- Faculty of Science and the Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H P Van der Ploeg
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R W J G Ostelo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G G M Scholten-Peeters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program Musculoskeletal Health, the Netherlands
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Karran EL, Grant AR, Lee H, Kamper SJ, Williams CM, Wiles LK, Shala R, Poddar CV, Astill T, Moseley GL. Do health education initiatives assist socioeconomically disadvantaged populations? A systematic review and meta-analyses. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:453. [PMID: 36890466 PMCID: PMC9996883 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health education interventions are considered critical for the prevention and management of conditions of public health concern. Although the burden of these conditions is often greatest in socio-economically disadvantaged populations, the effectiveness of interventions that target these groups is unknown. We aimed to identify and synthesize evidence of the effectiveness of health-related educational interventions in adult disadvantaged populations. METHODS We pre-registered the study on Open Science Framework https://osf.io/ek5yg/ . We searched Medline, Embase, Emcare, and the Cochrane Register from inception to 5/04/2022 to identify studies evaluating the effectiveness of health-related educational interventions delivered to adults in socio-economically disadvantaged populations. Our primary outcome was health related behaviour and our secondary outcome was a relevant biomarker. Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias. Our synthesis strategy involved random-effects meta-analyses and vote-counting. RESULTS We identified 8618 unique records, 96 met our criteria for inclusion - involving more than 57,000 participants from 22 countries. All studies had high or unclear risk of bias. For our primary outcome of behaviour, meta-analyses found a standardised mean effect of education on physical activity of 0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.09-0.19), (5 studies, n = 1330) and on cancer screening of 0.29 (95% CI = 0.05-0.52), (5 studies, n = 2388). Considerable statistical heterogeneity was present. Sixty-seven of 81 studies with behavioural outcomes had point estimates favouring the intervention (83% (95% CI = 73%-90%), p < 0.001); 21 of 28 studies with biomarker outcomes showed benefit (75% (95%CI = 56%-88%), p = 0.002). When effectiveness was determined based on conclusions in the included studies, 47% of interventions were effective on behavioural outcomes, and 27% on biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Evidence does not demonstrate consistent, positive impacts of educational interventions on health behaviours or biomarkers in socio-economically disadvantaged populations. Continued investment in targeted approaches, coinciding with development of greater understanding of factors determining successful implementation and evaluation, are important to reduce inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Karran
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - A R Grant
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - H Lee
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal, Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S J Kamper
- School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - C M Williams
- University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - L K Wiles
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.,Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R Shala
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - C V Poddar
- Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - T Astill
- Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G L Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
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4
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Malliaras P, Merolli M, Williams CM, Caneiro JP, Haines T, Barton C. 'It's not hands-on therapy, so it's very limited': Telehealth use and views among allied health clinicians during the coronavirus pandemic. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2021; 52:102340. [PMID: 33571900 PMCID: PMC7862900 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telehealth services have helped enable continuity of care during the coronavirus pandemic. We aimed to investigate use and views towards telehealth among allied health clinicians treating people with musculoskeletal conditions during the pandemic. METHODS Cross-sectional international survey of allied health clinicians who used telehealth to manage musculoskeletal conditions during the coronavirus pandemic. Questions covered demographics, clinician-related factors (e.g. profession, clinical experience and setting), telehealth use (e.g. proportion of caseload, treatments used), attitudes towards telehealth (Likert scale), and perceived barriers and enablers (open questions). Data were presented descriptively, and an inductive thematic content analysis approach was used for qualitative data, based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation Behavioural Model. RESULTS 827 clinicians participated, mostly physiotherapists (82%) working in Australia (70%). Most (71%, 587/827) reported reduced revenue (mean (SD) 62% (24.7%)) since the pandemic commenced. Median proportion of people seen via telehealth increased from 0% pre (IQR 0 to 1) to 60% during the pandemic (IQR 10 to 100). Most clinicians reported managing common musculoskeletal conditions via telehealth. Less than half (42%) of clinicians surveyed believed telehealth was as effective as face-to-face care. A quarter or less believed patients value telehealth to the same extent (25%), or that they have sufficient telehealth training (21%). Lack of physical contact when working through telehealth was perceived to hamper accurate and effective diagnosis and management. CONCLUSION Although telehealth was adopted by allied health clinicians during the coronavirus pandemic, we identified barriers that may limit continued telehealth use among allied health clinicians beyond the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Malliaras
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Australia.
| | - M Merolli
- Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - C M Williams
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Australia
| | - J P Caneiro
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Australia
| | - C Barton
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
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5
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Kamper SJ, Michaleff ZA, Campbell P, Dunn KM, Yamato TP, Hodder RK, Wiggers J, Williams CM. Back pain, mental health and substance use are associated in adolescents. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 41:487-493. [PMID: 30204888 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence, prevalence of pain and health risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use and poor mental health all rise sharply. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between back pain and health risk factors in adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Healthy Schools Healthy Futures study, and the Australian Child Wellbeing Project was used, mean age: 14-15 years. Children were stratified according to back pain frequency. Within each strata, the proportion of children that reported drinking alcohol or smoking or that experienced feelings of anxiety or depression was reported. Test-for-trend analyses assessed whether increasing frequency of pain was associated with health risk factors. RESULTS Data was collected from ~2500 and 3900 children. Larger proportions of children smoked or drank alcohol within each strata of increasing pain frequency. The trend with anxiety and depression was less clear, although there was a marked difference between the children that reported no pain, and pain more frequently. CONCLUSION Two large, independent samples show adolescents that experience back pain more frequently are also more likely to smoke, drink alcohol and report feelings of anxiety and depression. Pain appears to be part of the picture of general health risk in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kamper
- Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Z A Michaleff
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - P Campbell
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,South Staffordshire and Shropshire NHS Foundation Trust, St George's Hospital, Stafford, Staffordshire, UK
| | - K M Dunn
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - T P Yamato
- Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R K Hodder
- Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - J Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - C M Williams
- Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Australia
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6
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O’Connor AB, Williams CM, Dalal B, Sulistio MS, Roth TK, Milne CK, Collichio FA, Muchmore EA, Alweis R. Internal medicine fellowship directors' perspectives on the quality and utility of letters conforming to residency program director letter of recommendation guidelines. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2018; 8:173-176. [PMID: 30181820 PMCID: PMC6116145 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2018.1500424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In May 2017, the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine (AAIM) published guidelines intending to standardize and improve internal medicine residency program director (PD) letters of recommendation (LORs) for fellowship applicants. Objectives: This study aimed to examine fellowship PDs impressions of the new guidelines, letter writers' adherence to the guidelines, and the impact of LORs that conformed to guidelines compared to non-standardized letters. Methods: The authors anonymously surveyed fellowship PDs from January to March 2018 to gather input about LORs submitted to their programs during the 2017 fellowship application cycle. Results: A total of 78% of survey respondents were satisfied with letters that followed the AAIM guidelines, whereas 48% of respondents were satisfied with letters that did not. Fellowship PDs felt that letters that followed the AAIM guidelines were more helpful than letters that did not, especially for differentiating between applicants from the same institution and for understanding residents' performance across the six core competency domains. Fellowship PDs provided several suggestions for residency PDs to make the LORs even more helpful. Conclusion: Fellowship PD respondents indicated that LORs that followed the new AAIM guidelines were more helpful than letters that did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- AB O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - CM Williams
- Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - B Dalal
- Department of Medicine, Beaumont Health and Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - MS Sulistio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - TK Roth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine @ UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - CK Milne
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - FA Collichio
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - EA Muchmore
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R. Alweis
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, USA
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7
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Lee B, Kullman SW, Yost EE, Meyer MT, Worley-Davis L, Michael Williams C, Reckhow KH. Corrigendum to "Predicting characteristics of rainfall driven estrogen runoff and transport from swine AFO spray fields" [Sci. Total Environ. 532 (2015) 571-580]. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:1460. [PMID: 30045565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boknam Lee
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Erin E Yost
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael T Meyer
- Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - Lynn Worley-Davis
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - C Michael Williams
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth H Reckhow
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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8
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Whyte AR, Schafer G, Williams CM. The effect of cognitive demand on performance of an executive function task following wild blueberry supplementation in 7 to 10 years old children. Food Funct 2018; 8:4129-4138. [PMID: 29026903 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive benefits of acute flavonoid interventions have been well documented, however, research to date has found that, depending on developmental stage, these benefits manifest themselves in different cognitive domains. It is argued that the lack of global cognitive effects following flavonoid intervention may be a result of insufficient task sensitivity for those domains where no benefits are found. In children, executive function is a cognitive domain which has shown little apparent benefit following flavonoid intervention. Here, we describe a Modified Attention Network Task (MANT) designed to vary levels of cognitive demand across trials in order to investigate whether flavonoid related benefits can be shown for executive function when task sensitivity is carefully manipulated. Twenty-one children were recruited to a double blind cross-over study consuming 30 g freeze dried blueberry powder (WBB) or placebo before being tested at 3 hours. Performance in the WBB condition was found to be significantly faster in comparison to placebo particularly on more cognitively demanding incongruent and high load trials. Trials in which a visual cue alerted participants to the imminent appearance of the target also showed better performance following WBB administration. We conclude that WBB administration can enhance executive function during demanding elements of a task, but that the complexity and demand of the task as a whole may be equally important to performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Whyte
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
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9
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O'Brien KM, Wiggers J, Williams A, Campbell E, Hodder RK, Wolfenden L, Yoong SL, Robson EK, Haskins R, Kamper SJ, Rissel C, Williams CM. Telephone-based weight loss support for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:485-494. [PMID: 29330101 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of telephone-based weight loss support in reducing the intensity of knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis, who are overweight or obese, compared to usual care. DESIGN We conducted a parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT), embedded within a cohort multiple RCT of patients on a waiting list for outpatient orthopaedic consultation at a tertiary referral hospital in NSW, Australia. Patients with knee osteoarthritis, classified as overweight or obese [body mass index (BMI) between ≥27 kg/m2 and <40 kg/m2] were randomly allocated to receive referral to an existing non-disease specific government funded 6-month telephone-based weight management and healthy lifestyle service or usual care. The primary outcome was knee pain intensity measured using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) over 6-month follow-up. A number of secondary outcomes, including self-reported weight were measured. Data analysis was by intention-to-treat according to a pre-published analysis plan. RESULTS Between May 19 and June 30 2015, 120 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (59 analysed, one post-randomisation exclusion) or usual care (60 analysed). We found no statistically significant between group differences in pain intensity [area under the curve (AUC), mean difference 5.4, 95%CI: -13.7 to 24.5, P = 0.58] or weight change at 6 months (self-reported; mean difference -0.4, 95%CI: -2.6 to 1.8, P = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with knee osteoarthritis who are overweight, telephone-based weight loss support, provided using an existing 6-month weight management and healthy lifestyle service did not reduce knee pain intensity or weight, compared with usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12615000490572.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M O'Brien
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - J Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - A Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - E Campbell
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - R K Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - L Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - S L Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - E K Robson
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - R Haskins
- Outpatient Services, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 1, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - S J Kamper
- Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia; Musculoskeletal Health Sydney, University of Sydney, Lvl 10, King George V Building, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, UK.
| | - C Rissel
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney Local Health District, Locked Bag 7279, Liverpool, BC 1871, Australia.
| | - C M Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Bell L, Lamport DJ, Butler LT, Williams CM. A study of glycaemic effects following acute anthocyanin-rich blueberry supplementation in healthy young adults. Food Funct 2018; 8:3104-3110. [PMID: 28752872 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The postprandial response to ingested carbohydrate is recognised as a marker of metabolic health. Postprandial hyperglycaemia is observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cognitive deficits are also associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore interventions which moderate postprandial glucose profiles are desirable. Here we investigated the impact of anthocyanin-rich wild blueberries on postprandial glucose response. Seventeen healthy young adults consumed a range of doses of freeze-dried wild blueberry powder, in smoothie form, in both sugar-matched and no-added-sugar conditions. Plasma glucose was determined by a capillary sampling method at baseline and at regular intervals up to 2.5 hours postprandially. Blueberries were observed to significantly extend the postprandial glucose response beyond the period observed for a sugar-matched control, characteristic of a beneficial glycaemic response. Furthermore, blueberries were observed to reduce peak postprandial glucose levels, although statistical significance was not achieved. The findings suggest a tempering of the postprandial glucose response in the presence of anthocyanin-rich blueberry, and are discussed with reference to likely glucoregulatory mechanisms of action and their implications for cognitive and type 2 diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK.
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11
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Lee H, Mansell G, McAuley JH, Kamper SJ, Hübscher M, Moseley GL, Wolfenden L, Hodder RK, Williams CM. Causal mechanisms in the clinical course and treatment of back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 30:1074-1083. [PMID: 29103550 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying causal mechanisms in the development and treatment of back pain. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of our current understanding of causal mechanisms in the field. In the first section, we introduce key concepts and terminology. In the second section, we provide a brief synopsis of systematic reviews of mechanism studies relevant to the clinical course and treatment of back pain. In the third section, we reflect on the findings of our review to explain how understanding causal mechanisms can inform clinical practice and the implementation of best practice. In the final sections, we introduce contemporary methodological advances, highlight the key assumptions of these methods, and discuss future directions to advance the quality of mechanism-related studies in the back pain field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, Australia.
| | - G Mansell
- Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - J H McAuley
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S J Kamper
- Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Hübscher
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G L Moseley
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - L Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - R K Hodder
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - C M Williams
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Nathan N, Wiggers J, Wyse R, Williams CM, Sutherland R, Yoong SL, Lecathelinais C, Wolfenden L. Factors associated with the implementation of a vegetable and fruit program in a population of Australian elementary schools. Health Educ Res 2017; 32:197-205. [PMID: 28380629 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of vegetable and fruit programs in schools is less than optimal. This study aimed to identify, using a theoretical framework, factors associated with implementation of a school vegetable and fruit program; that provides a time in class for children to consume a piece of vegetable or fruit they have brought from home. Three hundred and three randomly selected school principals across the state of New South Wales, Australia responded to a 25-min telephone survey. Principals were asked if their school had implemented a vegetable and fruit program, and which of 12 factors from Damschroder's consolidated framework for implementation research had facilitated or impeded implementation. Multiple logistic regression models examined the association between such factors and program implementation. Seventy-eight percent of schools had a vegetable and fruit program. Schools were significantly more likely to implement the program if the principal believed that: the program was effective (OR = 2.97; P < 0.02); they had sufficient resources to implement the program (OR = 4.22; P < 0.0001); the program would not be difficult to implement (OR = 10.16; P< 0.0001) and that the program was as important as other school priorities (OR = 2.45; P < 0.02). Realizing the intended benefits of vegetable and fruit programs requires widespread implementation by schools. Consideration of principal beliefs about the program effectiveness, resources, difficultly and relative importance in program implementation strategies appear key to increasing program implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - J Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - R Wyse
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - C M Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - R Sutherland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - S L Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - C Lecathelinais
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
| | - L Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
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13
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Abstract
Platelets are critical for maintaining vascular hemostasis, but also play a major role in the formation of occlusive cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thrombi under disease conditions. Secretion of platelet alpha and dense granules is a requirement for efficient thrombus formation. Understanding and targeting the mechanisms of secretion is important to aid the development of effective antithrombotics. SNAP29 is a tSNARE found in platelets, but whose role has not been defined. Using a platelet-specific SNAP29 knockout mouse model, we assessed the role of SNAP29 in platelet secretion and function under standardized conditions and also in in vitro and in vivo thrombosis. The data showed no major defects in SNAP29-null platelets, but revealed a minor defect in α-granule secretion and a significant increase in embolization rate of thrombi in vivo. These data suggest that SNAP29 contributes to the regulation of platelet α-granule secretion and thrombus stability, possibly partially masked by functional redundancy with other tSNAREs, such as SNAP23.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Williams
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - J S Savage
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK.,b Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), School of Cancer Sciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , UK
| | - M T Harper
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK.,c Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - S F Moore
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - I Hers
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - A W Poole
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
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14
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Williams CM, Harper MT, Goggs R, Walsh TG, Offermanns S, Poole AW. Leukemia-associated Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factor is not critical for RhoA regulation, yet is important for platelet activation and thrombosis in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2102-7. [PMID: 26334261 PMCID: PMC4755168 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhoA is an important regulator of platelet responses downstream of Gα13 , yet we still know little about its regulation in platelets. Leukemia-associated Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF [LARG]), a RhoA GEF, is highly expressed in platelets and may constitute a major upstream activator of RhoA. To this end, it is important to determine the role of LARG in platelet function and thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a platelet-specific gene knockout, we show that the absence of LARG results in a marked reduction in aggregation and dense-granule secretion in response to the thromboxane mimetic U46619 and proteinase-activated receptor 4-activating peptide, AYPGKF, but not to adenosine diphosphate. In a ferric chloride thrombosis model in vivo, this translated into a defect, under mild injury conditions. Importantly, agonist-induced RhoA activation was not affected by the absence of LARG, although basal activity was reduced, suggesting that LARG may play a housekeeper role in regulating constitutive RhoA activity. CONCLUSIONS LARG plays an important role in platelet function and thrombosis in vivo. However, although LARG may have a role in regulating the resting activation state of RhoA, its role in regulating platelet function may principally be through RhoA-independent pathways, possibly through other Rho family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Williams
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M T Harper
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Goggs
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T G Walsh
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - A W Poole
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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15
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Lee B, Kullman SW, Yost EE, Meyer MT, Worley-Davis L, Williams CM, Reckhow KH. Predicting characteristics of rainfall driven estrogen runoff and transport from swine AFO spray fields. Sci Total Environ 2015; 532:571-580. [PMID: 26102057 PMCID: PMC5428992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal feeding operations (AFOs) have been implicated as potentially major sources of estrogenic contaminants into the aquatic environment due to the relatively minimal treatment of waste and potential mobilization and transport of waste components from spray fields. In this study a Bayesian network (BN) model was developed to inform management decisions and better predict the transport and fate of natural steroidal estrogens from these sites. The developed BN model integrates processes of surface runoff and sediment loss with the modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE) and the soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) runoff model. What-if scenario simulations of lagoon slurry wastes to the spray fields were conducted for the most abundant natural estrogen estrone (E1) observed in the system. It was found that E1 attenuated significantly after 2 months following waste slurry application in both spring and summer seasons, with the overall attenuation rate predicted to be higher in the summer compared to the spring. Using simulations of rainfall events in conjunction with waste slurry application rates, it was predicted that the magnitude of E1 runoff loss is significantly higher in the spring as compared to the summer months, primarily due to spray field crop management plans. Our what-if scenario analyses suggest that planting Bermuda grass in the spray fields is likely to reduce runoff losses of natural estrogens near the water bodies and ecosystems, as compared to planting of soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boknam Lee
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Erin E Yost
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael T Meyer
- Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - Lynn Worley-Davis
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - C Michael Williams
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth H Reckhow
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Newens KJ, Thompson AK, Jackson KG, Williams CM. Endothelial function and insulin sensitivity during acute non-esterified fatty acid elevation: Effects of fat composition and gender. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:575-581. [PMID: 25921849 PMCID: PMC4456421 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have reported that adverse effects on flow-mediated dilation of an acute elevation of non-esterified fatty acids rich in saturated fat (SFA) are reversed following addition of long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and hypothesised that these effects may be mediated through alterations in insulin signalling pathways. In a subgroup, we explored the effects of raised NEFA enriched with SFA, with or without LC n-3 PUFA, on whole body insulin sensitivity (SI) and responsiveness of the endothelium to insulin infusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty adults (mean age 27.8 y, BMI 23.2 kg/m(2)) consumed oral fat loads on separate occasions with continuous heparin infusion to elevate NEFA between 60 and 390 min. For the final 150 min, a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp was performed, whilst FMD and circulating markers of endothelial function were measured at baseline, pre-clamp (240 min) and post-clamp (390 min). NEFA elevation during the SFA-rich drinks was associated with impaired FMD (P = 0.027) whilst SFA + LC n-3 PUFA improved FMD at 240 min (P = 0.003). In males, insulin infusion attenuated the increase in FMD with SFA + LC n-3 PUFA (P = 0.049), with SI 10% greater with SFA + LC n-3 PUFA than SFA (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that NEFA composition during acute elevation influences both FMD and SI, with some indication of a difference by gender. However our findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of fatty acids on endothelial function and SI operate through a common pathway. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01351324 on 6th May 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Newens
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
| | - A K Thompson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
| | - K G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
| | - C M Williams
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
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Nathan N, Wolfenden L, Williams CM, Yoong SL, Lecathelinais C, Bell AC, Wyse R, Sutherland R, Wiggers J. Adoption of obesity prevention policies and practices by Australian primary schools: 2006 to 2013. Health Educ Res 2015; 30:262-271. [PMID: 25516479 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyu068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant investment in many countries, the extent of schools' adoption of obesity prevention policies and practices has not been widely reported. The aims of this article are to describe Australian schools' adoption of healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices over an 8-year period and to determine if their adoption varies according to schools' size, geographic or socio-economic location. Between 2006 and 2013, a representative randomly selected cohort of primary schools (n = 476) in New South Wales, Australia, participated in four telephone interviews. Repeated measures logistic regression analyses using a Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) framework were undertaken to assess change over time. The prevalence of all four of the healthy eating practices and one physical activity practice significantly increased, while the prevalence of one physical activity practice significantly decreased. The adoption of practices did not differ by school characteristics. Government investment can equitably enhance school adoption of some obesity prevention policies and practices on a jurisdiction-wide basis. Additional and/or different implementation strategies may be required to facilitate greater adoption of physical activity practices. Ongoing monitoring of school adoption of school policies and practices is needed to ensure the intended benefits of government investment are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - L Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - C M Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - S L Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - C Lecathelinais
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - A C Bell
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - R Wyse
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - R Sutherland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - J Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia, Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
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Xu Y, Stark CR, Ferket PR, Williams CM, Pacheco WJ, Brake J. Effect of dietary coarsely ground corn on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, and digesta particle size distribution and retention time. Poult Sci 2015; 94:53-60. [PMID: 25568134 PMCID: PMC4988542 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary structural material has been reported to improve broiler live performance and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) function. In this 50 d cage study, the effects of coarsely ground corn (CC) inclusion on broiler live performance, GIT development, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and nitrogen (N), and digesta particle size distribution and retention time were investigated. This study included 3 CC inclusions (0, 25, and 50% fine corn [FC] replaced by CC), with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds per treatment. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 35 and 42 d was improved (P<0.01) as the dietary inclusion of CC increased without effect on feed intake. The 50% CC diet increased absolute and relative gizzard weight at 42 d of age as compared to diets with 0 and 25% CC (P<0.01). Dietary CC increased absolute proventriculus weight at 28 d of age (P<0.05). A numerically lower gizzard digesta pH (P<0.08) was observed at 28 d but not 42 d of age, and there was no difference in proventriculus, jejunum, or ileum digesta pH at 28 or 42 d of age. The 25 and 50% CC treatments increased the digesta retention time at 30 and 45 d of age (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The 25 and 50% CC treatments improved AID of energy by 7.1 and 8.2%, respectively, when compared with the 0% CC treatment, and they improved AID of N by 12.2 and 12.4%, respectively (P<0.01). The digesta particles in the jejunum exhibited a similar distribution, with a dgw (geometric mean diameter by mass) of 218, 204, and 181 μm when 0, 25, of 50% CC diets were consumed, respectively. In conclusion, birds fed pelleted and screened diets that contained 25 and 50% CC exhibited increased BW, improved FCR, and increased AID of energy and N, which was probably due to enhanced gizzard development and greater digesta retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - C R Stark
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - P R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - C M Williams
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - W J Pacheco
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - J Brake
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
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Yost EE, Meyer MT, Dietze JE, Williams CM, Worley-Davis L, Lee B, Kullman SW. Transport of steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, and estrogenic activity across a swine lagoon/sprayfield system. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:11600-9. [PMID: 25148584 PMCID: PMC5428989 DOI: 10.1021/es5025806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The inflow, transformation, and attenuation of natural steroid hormones and phytoestrogens and estrogenic activity were assessed across the lagoon/sprayfield system of a prototypical commercial swine sow operation. Free and conjugated steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and progesterone) were detected in urine and feces of sows across reproductive stages, with progesterone being the most abundant steroid hormone. Excreta also contained phytoestrogens indicative of a soy-based diet, particularly, daidzein, genistein, and equol. During storage in barn pits and the anaerobic lagoon, conjugated hormones dissipated, and androgens and progesterone were attenuated. Estrone and equol persisted along the waste disposal route. Following application of lagoon slurry to agricultural soils, all analytes exhibited attenuation within 2 days. However, analytes including estrone, androstenedione, progesterone, and equol remained detectable in soil at 2 months postapplication. Estrogenic activity in the yeast estrogen screen and T47D-KBluc in vitro bioassays generally tracked well with analyte concentrations. Estrone was found to be the greatest contributor to estrogenic activity across all sample types. This investigation encompasses the most comprehensive suite of natural hormone and phytoestrogen analytes examined to date across a livestock lagoon/sprayfield and provides global insight into the fate of these analytes in this widely used waste management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Yost
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
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Hill TDM, Cascio MG, Romano B, Duncan M, Pertwee RG, Williams CM, Whalley BJ, Hill AJ. Cannabidivarin-rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:679-92. [PMID: 23902406 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epilepsy is the most prevalent neurological disease and is characterized by recurrent seizures. Here, we investigate (i) the anticonvulsant profiles of cannabis-derived botanical drug substances (BDSs) rich in cannabidivarin (CBDV) and containing cannabidiol (CBD) in acute in vivo seizure models and (ii) the binding of CBDV BDSs and their components at cannabinoid CB1 receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The anticonvulsant profiles of two CBDV BDSs (50-422 mg·kg(-1) ) were evaluated in three animal models of acute seizure. Purified CBDV and CBD were also evaluated in an isobolographic study to evaluate potential pharmacological interactions. CBDV BDS effects on motor function were also investigated using static beam and grip strength assays. Binding of CBDV BDSs to cannabinoid CB1 receptors was evaluated using displacement binding assays. KEY RESULTS CBDV BDSs exerted significant anticonvulsant effects in the pentylenetetrazole (≥100 mg·kg(-1) ) and audiogenic seizure models (≥87 mg·kg(-1) ), and suppressed pilocarpine-induced convulsions (≥100 mg·kg(-1) ). The isobolographic study revealed that the anticonvulsant effects of purified CBDV and CBD were linearly additive when co-administered. Some motor effects of CBDV BDSs were observed on static beam performance; no effects on grip strength were found. The Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol and Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabivarin content of CBDV BDS accounted for its greater affinity for CB1 cannabinoid receptors than purified CBDV. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CBDV BDSs exerted significant anticonvulsant effects in three models of seizure that were not mediated by the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and were of comparable efficacy with purified CBDV. These findings strongly support the further clinical development of CBDV BDSs for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D M Hill
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Williams CM, Hancock MJ, Maher CG, McAuley JH, Lin CWC, Latimer J. Predicting rapid recovery from acute low back pain based on the intensity, duration and history of pain: a validation study. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:1182-9. [PMID: 24648103 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical prediction rules can assist clinicians to identify patients with low back pain (LBP) who are likely to recover quickly with minimal treatment; however, there is a paucity of validated instruments to assist with this task. METHOD We performed a pre-planned external validation study to assess the generalizability of a simple 3-item clinical prediction rule developed to estimate the probability of recovery from acute LBP at certain time points. The accuracy of the rule (calibration and discrimination) was determined in a sample of 956 participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS The calibration of the rule was reasonable in the new sample with predictions of recovery typically within 5-10% of observed recovery. Discriminative performance of the rule was poor to moderate and similar to that found in the development sample. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the rule can be used to provide accurate information about expected recovery from acute LBP, within the first few weeks of patients presenting to primary care. Impact analysis to determine if the rule influences clinical behaviours and patient outcomes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Williams
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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22
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Yost EE, Meyer M, Dietze JE, Meissner BM, Worley-Davis L, Williams CM, Lee B, Kullman SW. Comprehensive assessment of hormones, phytoestrogens, and estrogenic activity in an anaerobic swine waste lagoon. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:13781-90. [PMID: 24144340 PMCID: PMC3854839 DOI: 10.1021/es4026408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the distribution of steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, and estrogenic activity was thoroughly characterized within the anaerobic waste lagoon of a typical commercial swine sow operation. Three independent rounds of sampling were conducted in June 2009, April 2010, and February 2011. Thirty-seven analytes in lagoon slurry and sludge were assessed using LC/MS-MS, and yeast estrogen screen was used to determine estrogenic activity. Of the hormone analytes, steroidal estrogens were more abundant than androgens or progesterone, with estrone being the predominant estrogen species. Conjugated hormones were detected only at low levels. The isoflavone metabolite equol was by far the predominant phytoestrogen species, with daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and coumestrol present at lower levels. Phytoestrogens were often more abundant than steroidal estrogens, but contributed minimally toward total estrogenic activity. Analytes were significantly elevated in the solid phases of the lagoon; although low observed log KOC values suggest enhanced solubility in the aqueous phase, perhaps due to dissolved or colloidal organic carbon. The association with the solid phase, as well as recalcitrance of analytes to anaerobic degradation, results in a markedly elevated load of analytes and estrogenic activity within lagoon sludge. Overall, findings emphasize the importance of adsorption and transformation processes in governing the fate of these compounds in lagoon waste, which is ultimately used for broadcast application as a fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Yost
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael
T. Meyer
- Organic
Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological
Survey, 4821 Quail Crest
Place, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Julie E. Dietze
- Organic
Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological
Survey, 4821 Quail Crest
Place, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Meissner
- Organic
Geochemistry Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological
Survey, 4821 Quail Crest
Place, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Lynn Worley-Davis
- Prestage
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina
State University, 2711
Founders Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - C. Michael Williams
- Prestage
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina
State University, 2711
Founders Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Boknam Lee
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Phone: (919) 515-4378. Fax: (919) 515-7169. E-mail:
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Royak-Schaler R, Cheuvront B, Wilson KR, Williams CM. Addressing women's breast cancer risk and perceptions of control in medical settings. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2013; 3:185-99. [PMID: 24226756 DOI: 10.1007/bf01993905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many women with family histories of breast cancer deal with two distinct but related issues: their objective physical risk and the emotions this risk engenders. Studies indicate that approximately 70% of African American and white women are concerned about their chances of developing breast cancer someday and perceive themselves to be at risk. Health care providers, including psychologists, need to be aware of the special needs and psychosocial concerns of high-risk women with family histories of breast cancer, since perceptions of breast cancer risk influence screening practices. Providers need training in understanding the significance of specific family patterns of breast cancer, screening guidelines appropriate for women at risk, and the benefits and risks of available prevention options, including genetic screening. Delivering accurate information about both established risk factors known to elevate personal risk, such as age and family history, and factors which women associate with breast cancer, such as bumping and bruising a breast, smoking, and oral contraceptive use, is essential for promoting accurate risk perceptions and appropriate screening schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Royak-Schaler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Fitz LJ, DeClercq C, Brooks J, Kuang W, Bates B, Demers D, Winkler A, Nocka K, Jiao A, Greco RM, Mason LE, Fleming M, Quazi A, Wright J, Goldman S, Hubeau C, Williams CM. Acidic mammalian chitinase is not a critical target for allergic airway disease in mice. J Inflamm (Lond) 2013. [PMCID: PMC3750992 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-10-s1-p5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hill AJ, Mercier MS, Hill TDM, Glyn SE, Jones NA, Yamasaki Y, Futamura T, Duncan M, Stott CG, Stephens GJ, Williams CM, Whalley BJ. Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:1629-42. [PMID: 22970845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phytocannabinoids in Cannabis sativa have diverse pharmacological targets extending beyond cannabinoid receptors and several exert notable anticonvulsant effects. For the first time, we investigated the anticonvulsant profile of the phytocannabinoid cannabidivarin (CBDV) in vitro and in in vivo seizure models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of CBDV (1-100 μM) on epileptiform local field potentials (LFPs) induced in rat hippocampal brain slices by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) application or Mg(2+) -free conditions was assessed by in vitro multi-electrode array recordings. Additionally, the anticonvulsant profile of CBDV (50-200 mg·kg(-1) ) in vivo was investigated in four rodent seizure models: maximal electroshock (mES) and audiogenic seizures in mice, and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. The effects of CBDV in combination with commonly used antiepileptic drugs on rat seizures were investigated. Finally, the motor side effect profile of CBDV was investigated using static beam and grip strength assays. KEY RESULTS CBDV significantly attenuated status epilepticus-like epileptiform LFPs induced by 4-AP and Mg(2+) -free conditions. CBDV had significant anticonvulsant effects on the mES (≥100 mg·kg(-1) ), audiogenic (≥50 mg·kg(-1) ) and PTZ-induced seizures (≥100 mg·kg(-1) ). CBDV (200 mg·kg(-1) ) alone had no effect against pilocarpine-induced seizures, but significantly attenuated these seizures when administered with valproate or phenobarbital at this dose. CBDV had no effect on motor function. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that CBDV is an effective anticonvulsant in a broad range of seizure models. Also it did not significantly affect normal motor function and, therefore, merits further investigation as a novel anti-epileptic in chronic epilepsy models. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.167.issue-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hill
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
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Savage JS, Williams CM, Konopatskaya O, Hers I, Harper MT, Poole AW. Munc13-4 is critical for thrombosis through regulating release of ADP from platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:771-5. [PMID: 23331318 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Dhakal K, Maltecca C, Cassady JP, Baloche G, Williams CM, Washburn SP. Calf birth weight, gestation length, calving ease, and neonatal calf mortality in Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred cows in a pasture system. J Dairy Sci 2012; 96:690-8. [PMID: 23084888 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Holstein (HH), Jersey (JJ), and crosses of these breeds were mated to HH or JJ bulls to form purebreds, reciprocal crosses, backcrosses, and other crosses in a rotational mating system. The herd was located at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems in Goldsboro, North Carolina. Data for calf birth weight (CBW), calving ease (0 for unassisted, n=1,135, and 1 for assisted, n=96), and neonatal calf mortality (0 for alive, n=1,150, and 1 for abortions recorded after mid-gestation, stillborn, and dead within 48 h, n=81) of calves (n=1,231) were recorded over 9 calving seasons from 2003 through 2011. Gestation length (GL) was calculated as the number of days from last insemination to calving. Linear mixed models for CBW and GL included fixed effects of sex, parity (first vs. later parities), twin status, and 6 genetic groups: HH, JJ, reciprocal F(1) crosses (HJ, JH), crosses >50% Holsteins (HX) and crosses >50% Jerseys (JX), where sire breed is listed first. The CBW model also included GL as a covariate. Logistic regression for calving ease and neonatal calf mortality included fixed effects of sex, parity, and genetic group. Genetic groups were replaced by linear regression using percentage of HH genes as coefficients on the above models and included as covariates to determine various genetic effects. Year and dam were included as random effects in all models. Female calves (27.57±0.54 kg), twins (26.39±1.0 kg), and calves born to first-parity cows (27.67±0.56 kg) had lower CBW than respective male calves (29.53±0.53 kg), single births (30.71±0.19 kg), or calves born to multiparous cows (29.43±0.52 kg). Differences in genetic groups were observed for CBW and GL. Increased HH percentage in the calf increased CBW (+9.3±0.57 kg for HH vs. JJ calves), and increased HH percentage in the dams increased CBW (+1.71±0.53 kg for calves from HH dams vs. JJ dams); JH calves weighed 1.33 kg more than reciprocal HJ calves. Shorter GL was observed for twin births (272.6±1.1 d), female calves (273.9±0.6 d), and for first-parity dams (273.8±0.6 d). Direct genetic effects of HH alleles shortened GL (-3.5±0.7 d), whereas maternal HH alleles increased GL (2.7±0.6 d). Female calves had lower odds ratio (0.32, confidence interval=0.10-0.99) for neonatal calf mortality in second and later parities than did male calves. Maternal heterosis in crossbred primiparous dams was associated with reduced calf mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dhakal
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
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Cahoon LB, Halkides CJ, Song B, Williams CM, Dubay GR, Fries A, Farmer J, Fridrich W, Brookshire C. Swine waste as a source of natural products: A carotenoid antioxidant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/as.2012.36098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Williams CM, Feng Y, Martin P, Poole AW. Protein kinase C alpha and beta are positive regulators of thrombus formation in vivo in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:2457-65. [PMID: 21951302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is becoming an attractive model organism for the assessment of gene function in thrombosis in vivo. Zebrafish, as a thrombosis model, have several advantages, with the capacity to follow thrombus formation at high resolution in real time using intravital microscopy, without the need for complex surgical techniques, and the capability to rapidly knockdown gene expression using morpholino antisense approaches. OBJECTIVES We have recently shown, in mouse models, that protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) plays a critical role in regulating thrombus formation in vivo. PKC beta (β) plays a non-redundant role also in platelet function in vitro, but the function of this gene had not yet been assessed in vivo. METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the function of both PKCα and PKCβ in the zebrafish model in vivo, by live imaging using a laser-induced injury of the main caudal artery in 3-day-old larvae. RESULTS We showed that D. rerio express orthologs of both the PKCα and PKCβ genes, with high sequence identity. Translation blocking and splice-blocking morpholinos effectively and specifically knockdown expression of these genes and knockdown with either morpholino leads to attenuated thrombus formation, as assessed by several quantitative parameters including time to initial adhesion and peak thrombus surface area. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that these two highly related genes play non-redundant roles in regulating thrombosis, an observation that supports our previous in vitro murine data, and suggests unique roles, and possibly unique regulation, for PKCα and PKCβ in controlling platelet function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Williams
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University Walk, Bristol, UK
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Dschaak CM, Williams CM, Holt MS, Eun JS, Young AJ, Min BR. Effects of supplementing condensed tannin extract on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and milk production of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:2508-19. [PMID: 21524543 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A lactation experiment was conducted to determine the influence of quebracho condensed tannin extract (CTE) on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance of dairy cows. The cows were fed a high forage (HF) or a low forage (LF) diet with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 59:41 or 41:59 on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. Eight multiparous lactating Holstein cows (62 ± 8.8 d in milk) were used. The design of the experiment was a double 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, and each period lasted 21 d (14 d of treatment adaptation and 7 d of data collection and sampling). Four dietary treatments were tested: HF without CTE, HF with CTE (HF+CTE), LF without CTE, and LF with CTE (LF+CTE). Commercial quebracho CTE was added to the HF+CTE and the LF+CTE at a rate of 3% of dietary DM. Intake of DM averaged 26.7 kg/d across treatments, and supplementing CTE decreased intakes of DM and nutrients regardless of forage level. Digestibilities of DM and nutrients were not affected by CTE supplementation. Milk yield averaged 35.3 kg/d across treatments, and yields of milk and milk component were not influenced by CTE supplementation. Negative effects of CTE supplementation on feed intake resulted in increased feed efficiency (milk yield/DM intake). Although concentration of milk urea N (MUN) decreased by supplementing CTE in the diets, efficiency of N use for milk N was not affected by CTE supplementation. Feeding the LF diet decreased ruminal pH (mean of 6.47 and 6.33 in HF and LF, respectively). However, supplementation of CTE in the diets did not influence ruminal pH. Supplementing CTE decreased total volatile fatty acid concentration regardless of level of forage. With CTE supplementation, molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate increased in the HF diet, but not in the LF diet, resulting in interactions between forage level and CTE supplementation. Concentration of ammonia-N tended to decrease with supplementation of CTE. The most remarkable finding in this study was that cows fed CTE-supplemented diets had decreased ruminal ammonia-N and MUN concentrations, indicating that less ruminal N was lost as ammonia because of decreased degradation of crude protein by rumen microorganisms in response to CTE supplementation. Therefore, supplementation of CTE in lactation dairy diets may change the route of N excretion, having less excretion into urine but more into feces, as it had no effect on N utilization efficiency for milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Dschaak
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jordan
- May and Baker Ltd., Dagenham, Essex RM10 7XS
| | - J M Midgley
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW
| | - C M Thonoor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW
| | - C M Williams
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
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Brown CM, McGrath JC, Midgley JM, Muir AGB, O'Brien JW, Thonoor CM, Williams CM. α-Adrenergic Activities of Enantiomers of Isomeric Octopamines and Synephrines. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb14315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Brown
- Syntex Research Centre, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS
| | - J C McGrath
- Institute of Physiology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ
| | - J M Midgley
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW
| | - A G B Muir
- Institute of Physiology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ
| | - J W O'Brien
- Institute of Physiology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ
| | - C M Thonoor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW
| | - C M Williams
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A
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Lanham-New SA, Buttriss JL, Miles LM, Ashwell M, Berry JL, Boucher BJ, Cashman KD, Cooper C, Darling AL, Francis RM, Fraser WD, de Groot CPGM, Hyppönen E, Kiely M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Macdonald HM, Martineau AR, Masud T, Mavroeidi A, Nowson C, Prentice A, Stone EM, Reddy S, Vieth R, Williams CM. Proceedings of the Rank Forum on Vitamin D. Br J Nutr 2011; 105:144-56. [PMID: 21134331 PMCID: PMC3408594 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510002576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Rank Forum on Vitamin D was held on 2nd and 3rd July 2009 at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. The workshop consisted of a series of scene-setting presentations to address the current issues and challenges concerning vitamin D and health, and included an open discussion focusing on the identification of the concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (a marker of vitamin D status) that may be regarded as optimal, and the implications this process may have in the setting of future dietary reference values for vitamin D in the UK. The Forum was in agreement with the fact that it is desirable for all of the population to have a serum 25(OH)D concentration above 25 nmol/l, but it discussed some uncertainty about the strength of evidence for the need to aim for substantially higher concentrations (25(OH)D concentrations>75 nmol/l). Any discussion of 'optimal' concentration of serum 25(OH)D needs to define 'optimal' with care since it is important to consider the normal distribution of requirements and the vitamin D needs for a wide range of outcomes. Current UK reference values concentrate on the requirements of particular subgroups of the population; this differs from the approaches used in other European countries where a wider range of age groups tend to be covered. With the re-emergence of rickets and the public health burden of low vitamin D status being already apparent, there is a need for urgent action from policy makers and risk managers. The Forum highlighted concerns regarding the failure of implementation of existing strategies in the UK for achieving current vitamin D recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lanham-New
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, García-Rios A, Phillips CM, Williams CM, Gulseth HL, Helal O, Blaak EE, Kiec-Wilk B, Basu S, Drevon CA, Defoort C, Saris WH, Wybranska I, Riserus U, Lovegrove JA, Roche HM, Lopez-Miranda J. Pleiotropic effects of TCF7L2 gene variants and its modulation in the metabolic syndrome: from the LIPGENE study. Atherosclerosis 2010; 214:110-6. [PMID: 21115178 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Variants of the TCF7L2 gene predict the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the associations between gene variants of TCF7L2 and clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (an entity often preceding T2DM), and their interaction with non-genetic factors, including plasma saturated fatty acids (SFA) concentration and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS Fasting lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, anthropometrics, blood pressure and 10 gene variations of the TCF7L2 gene were determined in 450 subjects with MetS. RESULTS Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) showed phenotypic associations independent of SFA or IR. Carriers of the rare T allele of rs7903146, and of three other SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with rs7903146, had lower blood pressure and insulin secretion. High IR and the presence of the T-allele of rs7903146 acted synergistically to define those with reduced insulin secretion. Carriers of the minor allele of rs290481 exhibited an altered lipid profile, with increased plasma levels of apolipoprotein B, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in triglyceride rich lipoproteins, and LDL cholesterol. Carriers of the minor allele of rs11196224 that had higher plasma SFA levels showed elevated procoagulant/proinflammatory biomarkers, impaired insulin secretion and increased IR, whereas carriers of the minor allele of rs17685538 with high plasma SFA levels exhibited higher blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION SNP in the TCF7L2 gene are associated with differences in insulin secretion, blood pressure, blood lipids and coagulation in MetS patients, and may be modulated by SFA in plasma or IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Delgado-Lista
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Carrow GM, Calabrese RL, Williams CM. Spontaneous and evoked release of prothoracicotropin from multiple neurohemal organs of the tobacco hornworm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 78:5866-70. [PMID: 16593091 PMCID: PMC348890 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of neurohormone from putative cephalic neurohemal organs was directly demonstrated in an insect. The prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, was measured indirectly by its ability to stimulate the secretion of alpha-ecdysone by inactive prothoracic glands; the ecdysone was measured by radioimmunoassay. The PTTH released spontaneously from intact brain-retrocerebral complexes was localized to the retrocerebral complex by placing a waxy barrier across the nerves connecting the corpora cardiaca to the brain. Isolated corpora allata spontaneously released much more PTTH than did either isolated corpora cardiaca or isolated brains. Media containing 100 mM potassium stimulated PTTH release from both isolated corpora allata and isolated corpora cardiaca. In calcium-free media, spontaneous PTTH release was diminished and release could not be stimulated by high potassium. These results indicate that depolarization of the neurosecretory cells is correlated with calcium-dependent neurohormone release and that there are multiple neurohemal organs for PTTH. The biological activities of stored and circulating PTTH are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Carrow
- The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Ohtaki T, Milkman RD, Williams CM. ECDYSONE AND ECDYSONE ANALOGUES: THEIR ASSAY ON THE FLESHFLY Sarcophaga peregrina. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 58:981-4. [PMID: 16578683 PMCID: PMC335735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.58.3.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Ohtaki
- BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY
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Abstract
A feather-degrading culture was enriched with isolates from a poultry waste digestor and adapted to grow with feathers as its primary source of carbon, sulfur, and energy. Subsequently, a feather-hydrolytic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from the feather-degrading culture. The organism was Gram stain variable and catalase positive and demonstrated facultative growth at thermophilic temperatures. The optimum rate of growth in nutrient broth occurred at 45 to 50 degrees C and at pH 7.5. Electron microscopy of the isolate showed internal crystals. The microorganism was identified as Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1. Growth on hammer-milled-feather medium of various substrate concentrations was determined by plate colony count. Maximum growth (approximately 10 cells per ml) at 50 degrees C occurred 5 days postinoculation on 1% feather substrate. Feather hydrolysis was evidenced as free amino acids produced in the medium. The most efficient conditions for feather fermentation occurred during the incubation of 1 part feathers to 2 parts B. licheniformis PWD-1 culture (10 cells per ml) for 6 days at 50 degrees C. These data indicate a potential biotechnique for degradation and utilization of feather keratin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Williams
- University Biotechnology Program and Department of Poultry Science and Electron Microscopy Center and Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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Ko G, Simmons Iii OD, Likirdopulos CA, Worley-Davis L, Williams CM, Sobsey MD. Endotoxin levels at Swine farms using different waste treatment and management technologies. Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:3442-3448. [PMID: 20356077 DOI: 10.1021/es9026024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are a major source of airborne endotoxins, which are air pollutants that can cause adverse health effects to both on-site farmers and neighbors. Release of airborne endotoxins to the environment can be reduced using proper waste treatment and management technologies. In this study, the levels of endotoxins released from two swine CAFOs using conventional lagoon-sprayfield technology were compared to those of 15 farms using various alternative waste management technologies in North Carolina. Over a 2-year period, 236 endotoxin samples were collected from the 17 farm units and analyzed using the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test. Concentrations of airborne endotoxins near barn exhaust fans were significantly higher than at the upwind boundary of the farm and at other farm sites. For most of the study sites, mean concentrations of endotoxins at the downwind boundary of the farm were higher than those at the upwind boundary of the farm, indicating the release of endotoxins from swine CAFOs to the neighboring environment. Endotoxin levels were significantly associated with concentrations of airborne bacteria but not fungi. Environmental factors, such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity, affected the levels of airborne endotoxins at the farms. Based on the ratios of airborne endotoxins in downwind and upwind samples from the farm units, at least five different alternative waste management technologies significantly reduced the release of endotoxins from swine CAFOs. These results suggest that swine CAFOs are important sources of airborne endotoxins, the levels of which can be reduced by applying more robust and effective waste management technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangpyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Creamer KS, Chen Y, Williams CM, Cheng JJ. Stable thermophilic anaerobic digestion of dissolved air flotation (DAF) sludge by co-digestion with swine manure. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:3020-3024. [PMID: 20060713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally sound treatment of by-products in a value-adding process is an ongoing challenge in animal agriculture. The sludge produced as a result of the dissolved air flotation (DAF) wastewater treatment process in swine processing facilities is one such low-value residue. The objective of this study was to determine the fundamental performance parameters for thermophilic anaerobic digestion of DAF sludge. Testing in a semi-continuous stirred tank reactor and in batch reactors was conducted to determine the kinetics of degradation and biogas yield. Stable operation could not be achieved using pure DAF sludge as a substrate, possibly due to inhibition by long-chain fatty acids or to nutrient deficiencies. However, in a 1:1 ratio (w/w, dry basis) with swine manure, operation was both stable and productive. In the semi-continuous stirred reactor at 54.5 degrees Celsius, a hydraulic residence time of 10 days, and an organic loading rate of 4.68 gVS/day/L, the methane production rate was 2.19 L/L/day and the specific methane production rate was 0.47 L/gVS (fed). Maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMA) in batch testing was 0.15 mmoles CH(4) h(-1) gVS(-1) at a substrate concentration of 6.9 gVS L(-1). Higher substrate concentrations cause an initial lag in methane production, possibly due to long-chain fatty acid or nitrogen inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Creamer
- Novozymes North America, 77 Perrys Chapel Church Road, Franklinton, NC 27525, USA.
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Jones ML, Harper MT, Aitken EW, Williams CM, Poole AW. RGD-ligand mimetic antagonists of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 paradoxically enhance GPVI-induced human platelet activation. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:567-76. [PMID: 20002543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) is the major mediator of platelet aggregation and has, therefore, become an important target of antithrombotic therapy. Antagonists of alpha(IIb)beta(3), for example abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide, are used in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. However, in addition to effective blockade of the integrin, binding of can induce conformational changes in the integrin and can also induce integrin clustering. This class effect of RGD-ligand mimetics might, therefore, underlie paradoxical platelet activation and thrombosis previously reported. OBJECTIVES To examine the components of signaling pathways and functional responses in platelets that may underlie this phenomenon of paradoxical platelet activation. METHODS We assessed the effect of lotrafiban, and other alpha(IIb)beta(3) antagonists including the clinically used drug tirofiban, on tyrosine phosphorylation of key signaling proteins in platelets by immunoblotting and also platelet functional outputs such as cytosolic calcium responses, phosphatidylserine exposure (pro-coagulant activity) and dense granule release. RESULTS In all cases, no effect of alpha(IIb)beta(3) antagonists were observed on their own, but these integrin antagonists did lead to a marked potentiation of glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-associated FcR gamma-chain phosphorylation, activation of Src family kinases and Syk kinase. This correlated with increased dense granule secretion, cytosolic calcium response and exposure of phosphatidylserine on the platelet surface. P2Y(12) antagonism abolished the potentiated phosphatidylserine exposure and dense granule secretion but not the cytosolic calcium response. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a mechanism for enhancement of platelet activity by alpha(IIb)beta(3) inhibitors, but also reveal a potentially important signaling pathway operating from the integrin to GPVI signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
Since pre-history, Cannabis sativa has been exploited for its potent and manifold pharmacological actions. Amongst the most renowned of these actions is a tendency to provoke ravenous eating. The characterization of the psychoactive principals in cannabis (exogenous cannabinoids) and, more recently, the discovery of specific brain cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) has stimulated research into the physiological roles of endocannabinoid systems. In this review, we critically discuss evidence from the literature that describe studies on animals and human subjects to support endocannabinoid involvement in the control of appetite. We describe the hyperphagic actions of the exogenous cannabinoid, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and the endogenous CB1 ligands, anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, and present evidence to support a specific role of endocannabinoid systems in appetitive processes related to the incentive and reward properties of food. A case is made for more comprehensive and systematic analyses of cannabinoid actions on eating, in the anticipation of improved therapies for disorders of appetite and body weight, and a better understanding of the biopsychological processes underlying hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Kirkham
- Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 238, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
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Brenton AG, Godfrey AR, Alamri M, Stein BK, Williams CM, Hunter AP, Wyatt MF. Analysis of large historical accurate mass data sets on sector mass spectrometers. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:3484-3487. [PMID: 19813284 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Williams CM. Development of environmentally superior technologies in the US and policy. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:5512-5518. [PMID: 19286371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
"Environmentally superior technology" (EST) represents a research initiative in North Carolina (NC) to develop alternatives to lagoon treatment and land application of swine manure. EST performance standards included impacts of animal waste to surface and groundwater, emission of ammonia and odor, release of disease-transmitting pathogens, and heavy metal contamination of soil and groundwater. Five technologies were shown to meet these standards: a solids separation/nitrification-denitrification/soluble phosphorus removal system; a thermophilic anaerobic digester system; a centralized composting system; a gasification system; and a fluidized bed combustion system. Economic data compiled for all EST showed annualized (10-year) costs of retrofitting existing swine farms with the technologies ranged between $90 and over $400 per 1000 lbs. steady state live-weight. Value-engineering to reduce the costs of targeted EST has been successful. Policy providing institutional incentives to incorporate EST has been enacted as a result of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Williams
- Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7608, USA.
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Brady LM, Lesauvage SVM, Saini N, Williams CM, Lovegrove JA. Comparison of dietary fat and fatty acid intake estimated by the duplicate diet collection technique and estimated dietary records. J Hum Nutr Diet 2009; 16:393-401. [PMID: 19774752 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2003.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high saturated fatty acid intake is a well recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease development. More recently a high intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in combination with a low intake of the long chain n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid has also been implicated as an important risk factor. AIM To compare total dietary fat and fatty acid intake measured by chemical analysis of duplicate diets with nutritional database analysis of estimated dietary records, collected over the same 3-day study period. METHODS Total fat was analysed using soxhlet extraction and subsequently the individual fatty acid content of the diet was determined by gas chromatography. Estimated dietary records were analysed using a nutrient database which was supplemented with a selection of dishes commonly consumed by study participants. RESULTS Bland & Altman statistical analysis demonstrated a lack of agreement between the two dietary assessment techniques for determining dietary fat and fatty acid intake. CONCLUSION The lack of agreement observed between dietary evaluation techniques may be attributed to inadequacies in either or both assessment techniques. This study highlights the difficulties that may be encountered when attempting to accurately evaluate dietary fat intake among the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Brady
- School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Godfrey AR, Williams CM, Dudley E, Newton RP, Willshaw P, Mikhail A, Bastin L, Brenton AG. Investigation of uremic analytes in hemodialysate and their structural elucidation from accurate mass maps generated by a multi-dimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry approach. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:3194-3204. [PMID: 19718779 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Historically, structural elucidation of unknown analytes by mass spectrometry alone has involved tandem mass spectrometry experiments using electron ionization. Most target molecules for bioanalysis in the metabolome are unsuitable for detection by this previous methodology. Recent publications have used high-resolution accurate mass analysis using an LTQ-Orbitrap with the more modern approach of electrospray ionization to identify new metabolites of known metabolic pathways. We have investigated the use of this methodology to build accurate mass fragmentation maps for the structural elucidation of unknown compounds. This has included the development and validation of a novel multi-dimensional LC/MS/MS methodology to identify known uremic analytes in a clinical hemodialysate sample. Good inter- and intra-day reproducibility of both chromatographic stages with a high degree of mass accuracy and precision was achieved with the multi-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) system. Fragmentation maps were generated most successfully using collision-induced dissociation (CID) as, unlike high-energy CID (HCD), ions formed by this technique could be fragmented further. Structural elucidation is more challenging for large analytes >270 Da and distinguishing between isomers where their initial fragmentation pattern is insufficiently different. For small molecules (<200 Da), where fragmentation data may be obtained without loss of signal intensity, complete structures can be proposed from just the accurate mass fragmentation data. This methodology has led to the discovery of a selection of known uremic analytes and two completely novel moieties with chemical structural assignments made.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Godfrey
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Aneja VP, Arya SP, Kim DS, Rumsey IC, Arkinson HL, Semunegus H, Bajwa KS, Dickey DA, Stefanski LA, Todd L, Mottus K, Robarge WP, Williams CM. Characterizing ammonia emissions from swine farms in eastern North Carolina: part 1--conventional lagoon and spray technology for waste treatment. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2008; 58:1130-1144. [PMID: 18817106 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.58.9.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) fluxes from waste treatment lagoons and barns at two conventional swine farms in eastern North Carolina were measured. The waste treatment lagoon data were analyzed to elucidate the temporal (seasonal and diurnal) variability and to derive regression relationships between NH3 flux and lagoon temperature, pH and ammonium content of the lagoon, and the most relevant meteorological parameters. NH3 fluxes were measured at various sampling locations on the lagoons by a flowthrough dynamic chamber system interfaced to an environmentally controlled mobile laboratory. Two sets of open-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers were also used to measure NH3 concentrations for estimating NH3 emissions from the animal housing units (barns) at the lagoon and spray technology (LST) sites. Two different types of ventilation systems were used at the two farms. Moore farm used fan ventilation, and Stokes farm used natural ventilation. The early fall and winter season intensive measurement campaigns were conducted during September 9 to October 11, 2002 (lagoon temperature ranged from 21.2 to 33.6 degrees C) and January 6 to February 2, 2003 (lagoon temperature ranged from 1.7 to 12 degrees C), respectively. Significant differences in seasonal NH3 fluxes from the waste treatment lagoons were found at both farms. Typical diurnal variation of NH3 flux with its maximum value in the afternoon was observed during both experimental periods. Exponentially increasing flux with increasing surface lagoon temperature was observed, and a linear regression relationship between logarithm of NH3 flux and lagoon surface temperature (T1) was obtained. Correlations between lagoon NH3 flux and chemical parameters, such as pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) were found to be statistically insignificant or weak. In addition to lagoon surface temperature, the difference (D) between air temperature and the lagoon surface temperature was also found to influence the NH3 flux, especially when D > 0 (i.e., air hotter than lagoon). This hot-air effect is included in the statistical-observational model obtained in this study, which was used further in the companion study (Part II), to compare the emissions from potential environmental superior technologies to evaluate the effectiveness of each technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viney P Aneja
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8208, USA.
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Aneja VP, Arya SP, Rumsey IC, Kim DS, Bajwa K, Arkinson HL, Semunegus H, Dickey DA, Stefanski LA, Todd L, Mottus K, Robarge WP, Williams CM. Characterizing ammonia emissions from swine farms in eastern North Carolina: part 2--potential environmentally superior technologies for waste treatment. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2008; 58:1145-1157. [PMID: 18817107 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.58.9.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The need for developing environmentally superior and sustainable solutions for managing the animal waste at commercial swine farms in eastern North Carolina has been recognized in recent years. Program OPEN (Odor, Pathogens, and Emissions of Nitrogen), funded by the North Carolina State University Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center (APWMC), was initiated and charged with the evaluation of potential environmentally superior technologies (ESTs) that have been developed and implemented at selected swine farms or facilities. The OPEN program has demonstrated the effectiveness of a new paradigm for policy-relevant environmental research related to North Carolina's animal waste management programs. This new paradigm is based on a commitment to improve scientific understanding associated with a wide array of environmental issues (i.e., issues related to the movement of N from animal waste into air, water, and soil media; the transmission of odor and odorants; disease-transmitting vectors; and airborne pathogens). The primary focus of this paper is on emissions of ammonia (NH3) from some potential ESTs that were being evaluated at full-scale swine facilities. During 2-week-long periods in two different seasons (warm and cold), NH3 fluxes from water-holding structures and NH3 emissions from animal houses or barns were measured at six potential EST sites: (1) Barham farm--in-ground ambient temperature anaerobic digester/energy recovery/greenhouse vegetable production system; (2) BOC #93 farm--upflow biofiltration system--EKOKAN; (3) Carrolls farm--aerobic blanket system--ISSUES-ABS; (4) Corbett #1 farm--solids separation/ gasification for energy and ash recovery centralized system--BEST; (5) Corbett #2 farm--solid separation/ reciprocating water technology--ReCip; and (6) Vestal farm--Recycling of Nutrient, Energy and Water System--ISSUES-RENEW. The ESTs were compared with similar measurements made at two conventional lagoon and spray technology (LST) farms (Moore farm and Stokes farm). A flow-through dynamic chamber system and two sets of open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers measured NH3 fluxes continuously from water-holding structures and emissions from housing units at the EST and conventional LST sites. A statistical-observational model for lagoon NH3 flux was developed using a multiple linear regression analysis of 15-min averaged NH3 flux data against the relevant environmental parameters measured at the two conventional farms during two different seasons of the year. This was used to compare the water-holding structures at ESTs with those from lagoons at conventional sites under similar environmental conditions. Percentage reductions in NH3 emissions from different components of each potential EST, as well as the whole farm on which the EST was located were evaluated from the estimated emissions from water-holding structures, barns, etc., all normalized by the appropriate nitrogen excretion rate at the potential EST farm, as well as from the appropriate conventional farm. This study showed that ammonia emissions were reduced by all but one potential EST for both experimental periods. However, on the basis of our evaluation results and analysis and available information in the scientific literature, the evaluated alternative technologies may require additional technical modifications to be qualified as unconditional ESTs relative to NH3 emissions reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viney P Aneja
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8208, USA.
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