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Stepan J, Heinz DE, Dethloff F, Bajaj T, Zellner A, Hafner K, Wiechmann S, Mackert S, Mecdad Y, Rabenstein M, Ebert T, Martinelli S, Häusl AS, Pöhlmann ML, Hermann A, Ma X, Pavenstädt H, Schmidt MV, Philipsen A, Turck CW, Deussing JM, Kuster B, Wehr MC, Stein V, Kremerskothen J, Wotjak CT, Gassen NC. Hippo-released WWC1 facilitates AMPA receptor regulatory complexes for hippocampal learning. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111766. [PMID: 36476872 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory rely on changes in postsynaptic glutamergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type receptor (AMPAR) number, spatial organization, and function. The Hippo pathway component WW and C2 domain-containing protein 1 (WWC1) regulates AMPAR surface expression and impacts on memory performance. However, synaptic binding partners of WWC1 and its hierarchical position in AMPAR complexes are largely unclear. Using cell-surface proteomics in hippocampal tissue of Wwc1-deficient mice and by generating a hippocampus-specific interactome, we show that WWC1 is a major regulatory platform in AMPAR signaling networks. Under basal conditions, the Hippo pathway members WWC1 and large tumor-suppressor kinase (LATS) are associated, which might prevent WWC1 effects on synaptic proteins. Reduction of WWC1/LATS binding through a point mutation at WWC1 elevates the abundance of WWC1 in AMPAR complexes and improves hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Thus, uncoupling of WWC1 from the Hippo pathway to AMPAR-regulatory complexes provides an innovative strategy to enhance synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Stepan
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Daniel E Heinz
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Max Planck School of Cognition, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frederik Dethloff
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Metabolomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zellner
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hafner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Wiechmann
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 80336 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Mackert
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yara Mecdad
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Rabenstein
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Ebert
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander S Häusl
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian L Pöhlmann
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Anke Hermann
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Xiao Ma
- Research Group Signal Transduction, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Department Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Chris W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Research Group Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 80336 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael C Wehr
- Research Group Signal Transduction, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Valentin Stein
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Kremerskothen
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Research Group Neuronal Plasticity, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Jastorff AM, Turck CW. Detection of Posttranslational Modifications by Fluorescent Staining of Two-Dimensional Gels. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 1934:21-32. [PMID: 31256370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9055-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are key to the regulation of functional activities of proteins. Quantitative and qualitative information about PTM stages of proteins is crucial for the discovery of disease biomarkers. Fluorescent dyes specifically staining protein PTMs such as phosphorylation and glycosylation enable the specific detection of protein regulations taking place with respect to these modifications. Activity and molecular interactions of many proteins are determined by their extent of phosphorylation. In our search for biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), using an animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we have applied the phosphorylation-specific fluorescent dye, ProQ Diamond, to study changes taking place in the phosphoproteome. Subsequent colloidal Coomassie staining of the same gels detects the changes at the whole proteome level. We have detected many changes taking place in the CNS tissue of the EAE animals at the whole proteome as well as at the phosphoproteome level resulting in valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Muenchen, Germany.
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3
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Martins J, Czamara D, Lange J, Dethloff F, Binder EB, Turck CW, Erhardt A. Exposure-induced changes of plasma metabolome and gene expression in patients with panic disorder. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:1173-1181. [PMID: 31374578 DOI: 10.1002/da.22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders including panic disorder (PD) are the most prevalent psychiatric diseases leading to high disability and burden in the general population. Acute panic attacks are distinctive for PD but also frequent in other anxiety disorders. The neurobiology or specific molecular changes leading to and present during panic attacks are insufficiently known so far. METHODS In the present pilot study, we investigated dynamic metabolomic and gene expression changes in peripheral blood of patients with PD (n = 25) during two exposure-induced acute panic attacks. RESULTS The results show that the metabolite glyoxylate was dynamically regulated in peripheral blood. Additionally, glyoxylate levels were associated with basal anxiety levels and showed gender-related differences at baseline. As glyoxylate is part of the degradation circuit of cholecystokinin, this suggests that this neuropeptide might be directly involved in exposure-induced panic attacks. Only gene expression changes of very small magnitude were observed in this experimental setting. CONCLUSIONS From this first metabolome and gene expression study in exposure-induced acute panic attacks in PD we conclude that metabolites can potentially serve as dynamic markers for different anxiety states. However, these findings have to be replicated in cohorts with greater sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Martins
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lange
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederik Dethloff
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chris W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Erhardt
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Papadopoulou Z, Vlaikou AM, Theodoridou D, Komini C, Chalkiadaki G, Vafeiadi M, Margetaki K, Trangas T, Turck CW, Syrrou M, Chatzi L, Filiou MD. Unraveling the Serum Metabolomic Profile of Post-partum Depression. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:833. [PMID: 31507354 PMCID: PMC6716353 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-partum depression (PPD) is a severe psychiatric disorder affecting ∼15% of young mothers. Early life stressful conditions in periconceptual, fetal and early infant periods or exposure to maternal psychiatric disorders, have been linked to adverse childhood outcomes interfering with physiological, cognitive and emotional development. The molecular mechanisms of PPD are not yet fully understood. Unraveling the molecular underpinnings of PPD will allow timely detection and establishment of effective therapeutic approaches. To investigate the underlying molecular correlates of PPD in peripheral material, we compared the serum metabolomes of an in detail characterized group of mothers suffering from PPD and a control group of mothers, all from Heraklion, Crete in Greece. Serum samples were analyzed by a mass spectrometry platform for targeted metabolomics, based on selected reaction monitoring (SRM), which measures the levels of up to 300 metabolites. In the PPD group, we observed increased levels of glutathione-disulfide, adenylosuccinate, and ATP, which associate with oxidative stress, nucleotide biosynthesis and energy production pathways. We also followed up the metabolomic findings in a validation cohort of PPD mothers and controls. To the very best of our knowledge, this is the first metabolomic serum analysis in PPD. Our data show that molecular changes related to PPD are detectable in peripheral material, thus paving the way for additional studies in order to shed light on the molecular correlates of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki-Maria Vlaikou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Daniela Theodoridou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Komini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theoni Trangas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chris W Turck
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Syrrou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michaela D Filiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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5
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Park DI, Dournes C, Sillaber I, Ising M, Asara JM, Webhofer C, Filiou MD, Müller MB, Turck CW. Delineation of molecular pathway activities of the chronic antidepressant treatment response suggests important roles for glutamatergic and ubiquitin-proteasome systems. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1078. [PMID: 28375208 PMCID: PMC5416684 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify molecular pathways related to antidepressant response. We administered paroxetine to the DBA/2J mice for 28 days. Following the treatment, the mice were grouped into responders or non-responders depending on the time they spent immobile in the forced swim test. Hippocampal metabolomics and proteomics analyses revealed that chronic paroxetine treatment affects glutamate-related metabolite and protein levels differentially in the two groups. We found significant differences in the expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase proteins between the two groups, without any significant alterations in the respective transcript levels. In addition, we found that chronic paroxetine treatment altered the levels of proteins associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The soluble guanylate cyclase-β1, proteasome subunit α type-2 and ubiquitination levels were also affected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from antidepressant responder and non-responder patients suffering from major depressive disorder. We submit that the glutamatergic system and UPS have a crucial role in the antidepressant treatment response in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Park
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C Dournes
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - M Ising
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - J M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Webhofer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M D Filiou
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M B Müller
- Division of Experimental Psychiatry, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Division of Experimental Psychiatry, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany or , Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. E-mail: or
| | - C W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Division of Experimental Psychiatry, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany or , Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. E-mail: or
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6
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Cheema AK, Asara JM, Wang Y, Neubert TA, Tolstikov V, Turck CW. The ABRF Metabolomics Research Group 2013 Study: Investigation of Spiked Compound Differences in a Human Plasma Matrix. J Biomol Tech 2016; 26:83-9. [PMID: 26290656 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.15-2603-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an emerging field that involves qualitative and quantitative measurements of small molecule metabolites in a biological system. These measurements can be useful for developing biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, or predicting response to therapy. Currently, a wide variety of metabolomics approaches, including nontargeted and targeted profiling, are used across laboratories on a routine basis. A diverse set of analytical platforms, such as NMR, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and time-of-flight-mass spectrometry, which use various chromatographic and ionization techniques, are used for resolution, detection, identification, and quantitation of metabolites from various biological matrices. However, few attempts have been made to standardize experimental methodologies or comparative analyses across different laboratories. The Metabolomics Research Group of the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities organized a "round-robin" experiment type of interlaboratory study, wherein human plasma samples were spiked with different amounts of metabolite standards in 2 groups of biologic samples (A and B). The goal was a study that resembles a typical metabolomics analysis. Here, we report our efforts and discuss challenges that create bottlenecks for the field. Finally, we discuss benchmarks that could be used by laboratories to compare their methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita K Cheema
- 1 Department of Oncology and 2 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and 3 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; 4 Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; 6 Berg, New York, New York, USA; and 7 Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - John M Asara
- 1 Department of Oncology and 2 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and 3 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; 4 Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; 6 Berg, New York, New York, USA; and 7 Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Yiwen Wang
- 1 Department of Oncology and 2 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and 3 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; 4 Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; 6 Berg, New York, New York, USA; and 7 Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- 1 Department of Oncology and 2 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and 3 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; 4 Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; 6 Berg, New York, New York, USA; and 7 Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Vladimir Tolstikov
- 1 Department of Oncology and 2 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and 3 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; 4 Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; 6 Berg, New York, New York, USA; and 7 Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris W Turck
- 1 Department of Oncology and 2 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and 3 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; 4 Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; 6 Berg, New York, New York, USA; and 7 Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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7
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Gassen NC, Hartmann J, Zannas AS, Kretzschmar A, Zschocke J, Maccarrone G, Hafner K, Zellner A, Kollmannsberger LK, Wagner KV, Mehta D, Kloiber S, Turck CW, Lucae S, Chrousos GP, Holsboer F, Binder EB, Ising M, Schmidt MV, Rein T. FKBP51 inhibits GSK3β and augments the effects of distinct psychotropic medications. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:277-89. [PMID: 25849320 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychotropic medications target glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), but the functional integration with other factors relevant for drug efficacy is poorly understood. We discovered that the suggested psychiatric risk factor FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) increases phosphorylation of GSK3β at serine 9 (pGSK3β(S9)). FKBP51 associates with GSK3β mainly through its FK1 domain; furthermore, it also changes GSK3β's heterocomplex assembly by associating with the phosphatase PP2A and the kinase cyclin-dependent kinase 5. FKBP51 acts through GSK3β on the downstream targets Tau, β-catenin and T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancing factor (TCF/LEF). Lithium and the antidepressant (AD) paroxetine (PAR) functionally synergize with FKBP51, as revealed by reporter gene and protein association analyses. Deletion of FKBP51 blunted the PAR- or lithium-induced increase in pGSK3β(S9) in cells and mice and attenuated the behavioral effects of lithium treatment. Clinical improvement in depressive patients was predicted by baseline GSK3β pathway activity and by pGSK3β(S9) reactivity to ex vivo treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes with lithium or PAR. In sum, FKBP51-directed GSK3β activity contributes to the action of psychotropic medications. Components of the FKBP51-GSK3β pathway may be useful as biomarkers predicting AD response and as targets for the development of novel ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Gassen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A S Zannas
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Kretzschmar
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - J Zschocke
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - G Maccarrone
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - K Hafner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A Zellner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - L K Kollmannsberger
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - K V Wagner
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - D Mehta
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S Kloiber
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S Lucae
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - G P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - F Holsboer
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - E B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ising
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M V Schmidt
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - T Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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8
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Fernandes BS, Steiner J, Berk M, Molendijk ML, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Turck CW, Nardin P, Gonçalves CA. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in schizophrenia and the role of antipsychotics: meta-analysis and implications. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1108-19. [PMID: 25266124 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that schizophrenia (SZ) is related to a lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the past few years, an increasing number of divergent clinical studies assessing BDNF in serum and plasma have been published. It is now possible to verify the relationship between BDNF levels and severity of symptoms in SZ as well as the effects of antipsychotic drugs on BDNF using meta-analysis. The aims of this study were to verify if peripheral BDNF is decreased in SZ, whether its levels are correlated with positive and negative symptomatology and if BDNF levels change after antipsychotic treatment. This report consists of two distinct meta-analyses of peripheral BDNF in SZ including a total of 41 studies and more than 7000 participants: (1) peripheral BDNF levels in serum and plasma were moderately reduced in SZ compared with controls. Notably, this decrease was accentuated with the disease duration. However, the extent of peripheral BDNF level decrease did not correlate with the severity of positive and negative symptoms. (2) In plasma, but not serum, peripheral BDNF levels are consistently increased after antipsychotic treatment irrespective of the patient's response to medication. In conclusion, there is compelling evidence that there are decreased levels of peripheral BDNF in SZ, in parallel to previously described reduced cerebral BDNF expression. It remains unclear whether these systemic changes are causally related to the development of SZ or if they are merely a pathologic epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Fernandes
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Orygen Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M L Molendijk
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Gonzalez-Pinto
- University of the Basque Country, Biomedical Research Center in Mental HealthNet (CIBERSAM), Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - C W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - P Nardin
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C-A Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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9
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Filiou MD, Soukupova M, Rewerts C, Webhofer C, Turck CW, Maccarrone G. Variability assessment of (15)N metabolic labeling-based proteomics workflow in mouse plasma and brain. Mol Biosyst 2015; 11:1536-42. [PMID: 25782008 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
(15)N metabolic labeling-based quantitative proteomics is used for the identification of disease- and phenotype-related alterations in live organisms. The variability of (15)N metabolic labeling proteomics workflows has been assessed in plants and bacteria. However, no study has addressed this topic in mice. We have investigated the repeatability of a quantitative in vivo(15)N metabolic labeling proteomics workflow in mice by assessing LC variability, peptide and protein profiling characteristics and overall (15)N/(14)N protein quantification accuracy in technical replicates of plasma and brain specimens. We furthermore examined how sample preparation affects these parameters in plasma and brain. We found that specimen type (i.e. plasma or brain) influences the variability of the (15)N metabolic labeling workflow in an LC-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela D Filiou
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, Munich, 80804, Germany.
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10
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Weckmann K, Labermaier C, Asara JM, Müller MB, Turck CW. Time-dependent metabolomic profiling of Ketamine drug action reveals hippocampal pathway alterations and biomarker candidates. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e481. [PMID: 25386958 PMCID: PMC4259990 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has fast-acting antidepressant activities and is used for major depressive disorder (MDD) patients who show treatment resistance towards drugs of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) type. In order to better understand Ketamine's mode of action, a prerequisite for improved drug development efforts, a detailed understanding of the molecular events elicited by the drug is mandatory. In the present study we have carried out a time-dependent hippocampal metabolite profiling analysis of mice treated with Ketamine. After a single injection of Ketamine, our metabolomics data indicate time-dependent metabolite level alterations starting already after 2 h reflecting the fast antidepressant effect of the drug. In silico pathway analyses revealed that several hippocampal pathways including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway and citrate cycle are affected, apparent by changes not only in metabolite levels but also connected metabolite level ratios. The results show that a single injection of Ketamine has an impact on the major energy metabolism pathways. Furthermore, seven of the identified metabolites qualify as biomarkers for the Ketamine drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Weckmann
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C Labermaier
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - J M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M B Müller
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2–10, Munich 80804, Germany. E-mail:
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11
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He Y, Hogrefe CE, Grapov D, Palazoglu M, Fiehn O, Turck CW, Golub MS. Identifying individual differences of fluoxetine response in juvenile rhesus monkeys by metabolite profiling. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e478. [PMID: 25369145 PMCID: PMC4259988 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is the only psychopharmacological agent approved for depression by the US Food and Drug Administration for children and is commonly used therapeutically in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therapeutic response shows high individual variability, and severe side effects have been observed. In the current study we set out to identify biomarkers of response to fluoxetine as well as biomarkers that correlate with impulsivity, a measure of reward delay behavior and potential side effect of the drug, in juvenile male rhesus monkeys. The study group was also genotyped for polymorphisms of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a gene that has been associated with psychiatric disorders. We used peripheral metabolite profiling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from animals treated daily with fluoxetine or vehicle for one year. Fluoxetine response metabolite profiles and metabolite/reward delay behavior associations were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Our analyses identified a set of plasma and CSF metabolites that distinguish fluoxetine- from vehicle-treated animals and metabolites that correlate with impulsivity. Some metabolites displayed an interaction between fluoxetine and MAOA genotype. The identified metabolite biomarkers belong to pathways that have important functions in central nervous system physiology. Biomarkers of response to fluoxetine in the normally functioning brain of juvenile nonhuman primates may aid in finding predictors of response to treatment in young psychiatric populations and in progress toward the realization of a precision medicine approach in the area of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C E Hogrefe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D Grapov
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Palazoglu
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - O Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, Munich, D-80804, Germany E-mail:
| | - M S Golub
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. E-mail:
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12
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Ising M, Brückl T, Hennings J, Kloiber S, Lucae S, Maccarrone G, Turck CW, Uhr M, Holsboer F. Genomic biomarkers for antidepressant treatment outcome. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Filiou MD, Teplytska L, Otte D, Zimmer A, Turck CW. Unraveling the role of G72 in schizophrenia by quantitative proteomics. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Webhofer C, Gormanns P, Tolstikov V, Zieglgänsberger W, Sillaber I, Holsboer F, Turck CW. Metabolite profiling of antidepressant drug action reveals novel drug targets beyond monoamine elevation. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e58. [PMID: 22832350 PMCID: PMC3309495 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently used antidepressants elevate monoamine levels in the synaptic cleft. There is good reason to assume that this is not the only source for antidepressant therapeutic activities and that secondary downstream effects may be relevant for alleviating symptoms of depression. We attempted to elucidate affected biochemical pathways downstream of monoamine reuptake inhibition by interrogating metabolomic profiles in DBA/2Ola mice after chronic paroxetine treatment. Metabolomic changes were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling and group differences were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics. Pathways affected by antidepressant treatment were related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and hormone signaling. The identified pathways reveal further antidepressant therapeutic action and represent targets for drug development efforts. A comparison of the central nervous system with blood plasma metabolite alterations identified GABA, galactose-6-phosphate and leucine as biomarker candidates for assessment of antidepressant treatment effects in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Webhofer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - P Gormanns
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - W Zieglgänsberger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - I Sillaber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Phenoquest AG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - F Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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15
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Filiou MD, Teplytska L, Gormanns P, Reckow S, Zhang Y, Frank E, Kessler MS, Nussbaumer M, Maccarrone G, Landgraf R, Turck CW. Anxiety and mitochondria: Insights from the -omics world. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Filiou MD, Teplytska L, Otte DM, Yilmaz Ö, Zimmer A, Turck CW. Proteomic alterations in G72/G30 transgenic mice. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Maccarrone G, Nischwitz S, Deininger SO, Hornung J, König FB, Stadelmann C, Turck CW, Weber F. MALDI imaging – a new tool for mapping multiple sclerosis brain lesions. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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19
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Ditzen C, Varadarajulu J, Czibere L, Gonik M, Targosz BS, Hambsch B, Bettecken T, Kessler MS, Frank E, Bunck M, Teplytska L, Erhardt A, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B, Landgraf R, Turck CW. Proteomic-based genotyping in a mouse model of trait anxiety exposes disease-relevant pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:702-11. [PMID: 19139748 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In our biomarker identification efforts, we have reported earlier on a protein that differs in its electrophoretic mobility between mouse lines bred either for high or low trait anxiety. The altered electrophoretic behavior of enolase phosphatase (EP) is now identified to be caused by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In both cases, the genetic polymorphism introduces an amino acid change in the protein's sequence resulting in differential mobility on SDS gels. This was shown by recombinantly expressing the two EP isoforms. Functional studies indicate that the EP isoform from the high anxiety mouse line has a lower enzymatic activity than does its low anxiety mouse counterpart. EP is a member of the methionine salvage pathway that is responsible for the synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, a natural compound with potential antidepressant activities. In addition, it is linked to the polyamine pathway whose members have functions in anxiety/depression-related behaviors. In a freely-segregating F2 panel, both single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with locomotion-independent trait anxiety, further supporting a functional role of EP for this phenotype. The study shows that proteomic analysis can reveal genotypic differences relevant for the phenotype. The identified protein alterations, in turn, can expose metabolic pathways pertinent to the behavioral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ditzen
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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20
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Kirmeier T, Ganal V, Ranganath G, Flachskamm C, Maccarrone G, Turck CW, Hausch F, Holsboer F, Rein T. Modified antidepressants as innovative tools for identifying novel drug targets. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Filiou MD, Zhang YY, Bisle B, Frank E, Kessler MS, Teplytska L, Reckow S, Haegler K, Maccarrone G, Hambsch B, Landgraf R, Turck CW. Stable isotope metabolic labeling of a mouse model reveals synaptic biomarkers for anxiety disorders. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Ditzen C, Varadarajulu J, Czibere L, Gonik M, Bunck M, Teplytska L, Müller-Myhsok B, Holsboer F, Landgraf R, Turck CW. Proteomic genotyping in a mouse model of trait anxiety exposes disease relevant pathways. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key to the regulation of functional activities of proteins. Quantitative and qualitative information about PTM stages of proteins is crucial in the discovery of biomarkers of disease. Recent commercial availability of fluorescent dyes specifically staining PTMs of proteins such as phosphorylation and glycosylation enables the specific detection of protein regulations taking place with respect to these modifications. Activity and molecular and signalling interactions of many proteins are determined by their extent of phosphorylation. In our search for biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), using its animal model, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we have applied the phopshorylation specific fluorescent dye, ProQ Diamond, to study changes taking place in the phosphoproteome. Subsequent Colloidal Coomassie staining of the same gels detects the changes at the whole proteome level. We have detected many changes taking place in the CNS tissue of the EAE animals at the whole proteome as well as at the phosphoproteome level that has given valuable insights into the patho-physiological mechanism of EAE and possibly also MS.
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24
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Keßler MS, Frank E, Filiou MD, Zhang YY, Haegler K, Maccarrone G, Hambsch B, Landgraf R, Turck CW. 15N metabolic labeling of high and low anxiety-related behavior HAB/LAB mice. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Ditzen C, Maccarrone G, Uhr M, Turck CW. Biomarker discovery in CSF of depressed patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Czibere L, Keßler MS, Birg I, Panhuysen M, Pütz B, Deussing JM, Turck CW, Landgraf R. Glyoxalase I: Implications for an enzyme involved in trait anxiety. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Kirmeier T, Turck CW, Holsboer F, Rein T. Proteomic search for intracellular binding sites of antidepressants. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Proteomics, the comprehensive analysis of the protein complement of the genome of an organism, is becoming an increasingly important discipline for the identification of disease targets. In addition, the effects of drug treatment and metabolism can now be studied on the protein level in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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Tomlinson MG, Heath VL, Turck CW, Watson SP, Weiss A. SHIP Family Inositol Phosphatases Interact with and Negatively Regulate the Tec Tyrosine Kinase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:55089-96. [PMID: 15492005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m408141200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tec family of protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs), that includes Tec, Itk, Btk, Bmx, and Txk, plays an essential role in phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma) activation following antigen receptor stimulation. This function requires activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), which promotes Tec membrane localization through phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns 3,4,5-P(3)) generation. The mechanism of negative regulation of Tec family PTKs is poorly understood. In this study, we show that the inositol 5' phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 interact preferentially with Tec, compared with other Tec family members. Four lines of evidence suggest that SHIP phosphatases are negative regulators of Tec. First, SHIP1 and SHIP2 are potent inhibitors of Tec activity. Second, inactivation of the Tec SH3 domain, which is necessary and sufficient for SHIP binding, generates a hyperactive form of Tec. Third, SHIP1 inhibits Tec membrane localization. Finally, constitutively targeting Tec to the membrane relieves SHIP1-mediated inhibition. These data suggest that SHIP phosphatases can interact with and functionally inactivate Tec by de-phosphorylation of local PtdIns 3,4,5-P(3) and inhibition of Tec membrane localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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30
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Krömer SA, Milfay D, Wigger A, Jacob W, Keßler M, Bunck M, Zimbelmann M, Birg IN, Landgraf R, Turck CW. Validation of a genetic mouse model for anxiety and comorbid depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Rosenhagen M, Maccarrone G, Birg IN, Jacob A, Uhr M, Holsboer F, Turck CW. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Hou VC, Lersch R, Gee SL, Ponthier JL, Lo AJ, Wu M, Turck CW, Koury M, Krainer AR, Mayeda A, Conboy JG. Decrease in hnRNP A/B expression during erythropoiesis mediates a pre-mRNA splicing switch. EMBO J 2002; 21:6195-204. [PMID: 12426391 PMCID: PMC137214 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A physiologically important alternative pre-mRNA splicing switch, involving activation of protein 4.1R exon 16 (E16) splicing, is required for the establishment of proper mechanical integrity of the erythrocyte membrane during erythropoiesis. Here we identify a conserved exonic splicing silencer element (CE(16)) in E16 that interacts with hnRNP A/B proteins and plays a role in repression of E16 splicing during early erythropoiesis. Experiments with model pre-mRNAs showed that CE(16) can repress splicing of upstream introns, and that mutagenesis or replacement of CE(16) can relieve this inhibition. An affinity selection assay with biotinylated CE(16) RNA demonstrated specific binding of hnRNP A/B proteins. Depletion of hnRNP A/B proteins from nuclear extract significantly increased E16 inclusion, while repletion with recombinant hnRNP A/B restored E16 silencing. Most importantly, differentiating mouse erythroblasts exhibited a stage-specific activation of the E16 splicing switch in concert with a dramatic and specific down-regulation of hnRNP A/B protein expression. These findings demonstrate that natural developmental changes in hnRNP A/B proteins can effect physiologically important switches in pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Wu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division and
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, San Francisco, HHMI, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Nashville, TN 37232, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 and University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Chris W. Turck
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division and
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, San Francisco, HHMI, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Nashville, TN 37232, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 and University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Mark Koury
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division and
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, San Francisco, HHMI, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Nashville, TN 37232, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 and University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Adrian R. Krainer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division and
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, San Francisco, HHMI, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Nashville, TN 37232, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 and University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Akila Mayeda
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division and
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, San Francisco, HHMI, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Nashville, TN 37232, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 and University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - John G. Conboy
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division and
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, University of California, San Francisco, HHMI, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Nashville, TN 37232, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 and University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miami, FL 33136, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
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Kang SW, Wahl MI, Chu J, Kitaura J, Kawakami Y, Kato RM, Tabuchi R, Tarakhovsky A, Kawakami T, Turck CW, Witte ON, Rawlings DJ. PKCbeta modulates antigen receptor signaling via regulation of Btk membrane localization. EMBO J 2001; 20:5692-702. [PMID: 11598012 PMCID: PMC125669 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.20.5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) result in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) in mice. While targeted disruption of the protein kinase C-beta (PKCbeta) gene in mice results in an immunodeficiency similar to xid, the overall tyrosine phosphorylation of Btk is significantly enhanced in PKCbeta-deficient B cells. We provide direct evidence that PKCbeta acts as a feedback loop inhibitor of Btk activation. Inhibition of PKCbeta results in a dramatic increase in B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated Ca2+ signaling. We identified a highly conserved PKCbeta serine phosphorylation site in a short linker within the Tec homology domain of Btk. Mutation of this phosphorylation site led to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and membrane association of Btk, and augmented BCR and FcepsilonRI-mediated signaling in B and mast cells, respectively. These findings provide a novel mechanism whereby reversible translocation of Btk/Tec kinases regulates the threshold for immunoreceptor signaling and thereby modulates lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
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34
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Lopez GN, Turck CW, Schaufele F, Stallcup MR, Kushner PJ. Growth factors signal to steroid receptors through mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation of p160 coactivator activity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:22177-82. [PMID: 11301320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010718200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter-bound steroid receptors activate gene expression by recruiting members of the p160 family of coactivators. Many steroid receptors, most notably the progesterone and estrogen receptors, are regulated both by cognate hormone and independently by growth factors. Here we show that epidermal growth factor regulates the activities of the p160 GRIP1 through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) family of mitogen-activated protein kinases. ERKs phosphorylate GRIP1 at a specific site, Ser-736, the integrity of which is required for full growth factor induction of GRIP1 transcriptional activation and coactivator function. We propose that growth factors signal to nuclear receptors in part by targeting the p160 coactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Lopez
- Metabolic Research Unit, Department of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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35
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Markovtsov V, Nikolic JM, Goldman JA, Turck CW, Chou MY, Black DL. Cooperative assembly of an hnRNP complex induced by a tissue-specific homolog of polypyrimidine tract binding protein. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:7463-79. [PMID: 11003644 PMCID: PMC86300 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.20.7463-7479.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing of the c-src N1 exon in neuronal cells depends in part on an intronic cluster of RNA regulatory elements called the downstream control sequence (DCS). Using site-specific cross-linking, RNA gel shift, and DCS RNA affinity chromatography assays, we characterized the binding of several proteins to specific sites along the DCS RNA. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H, polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), and KH-type splicing-regulatory protein (KSRP) each bind to distinct elements within this sequence. We also identified a new 60-kDa tissue-specific protein that binds to the CUCUCU splicing repressor element of the DCS RNA. This protein was purified, partially sequenced, and cloned. The new protein (neurally enriched homolog of PTB [nPTB]) is highly homologous to PTB. Unlike PTB, nPTB is enriched in the brain and in some neural cell lines. Although similar in sequence, nPTB and PTB show significant differences in their properties. nPTB binds more stably to the DCS RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. nPTB also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, hnRNP H and KSRP, to the DCS RNA. These experiments identify specific cooperative interactions between the proteins that assemble onto an intricate splicing-regulatory sequence and show how this hnRNP assembly is altered in different cell types by incorporating different but highly related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Markovtsov
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Besant
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143-0724, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in biological fluids binds to serum albumin and other proteins that enhance its effects on cellular functions. The actin-severing protein gelsolin binds LPA with an affinity (K(d) = 6 nm) similar to that of the G protein-coupled LPA receptors encoded by endothelial differentiation genes 2, 4, and 7 (Edg-2, -4, and -7 receptors) and greater than that of serum albumin (K(d) = 360 nm). At concentrations of 10% or less of that in plasma, which are observed in fluids of injured tissues, purified and recombinant gelsolin augment LPA stimulation of nuclear signals and protein synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes (RCMs) that express Edg-2 and -4 receptors. At concentrations of 20% or more of that in plasma, gelsolin suppresses LPA stimulation of RCMs. The lack of effect of gelsolin on RCM responses to monoclonal anti-Edg-4 receptor antibody plus a phorbol ester without LPA attests to its specificity for LPA delivery and the absence of post-receptor effects. Inhibition of gelsolin binding and cellular delivery of LPA by l-alpha-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and peptides constituting the two PIP2 binding domains of gelsolin suggests competition between LPA and PIP2 for the same sites. Thus, delivery of LPA to RCMs is affinity-coupled to Edg receptors by gelsolin in a PIP2-regulated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Goetzl
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology-Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0711, USA.
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38
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Roll U, Turck CW, Gitelman SE, Rosenthal SM, Nolte MS, Masharani U, Ziegler AG, Baekkeskov S. Peptide mapping and characterisation of glycation patterns of the glima 38 antigen recognised by autoantibodies in Type I diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2000; 43:598-608. [PMID: 10855535 DOI: 10.1007/s001250051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glima 38 is an N-glycated neuroendocrine membrane protein of M(r) 38,000, which is recognised by autoantibodies in approximately 20% of patients with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to characterise the carbohydrate moiety and generate peptide maps of glima 38. METHODS Sera of high immunoreactivity to glima 38 were used to isolate 35-S methionine-labelled protein from betaTC-3 cells and a neuronal cell line GT1.7. Tunicamycin was used to inhibit N-glycation of glima 38 and define the core protein. The carbohydrate moiety was characterised for tunicamycin sensitivity, lectin binding and susceptibility to different endoglycosidases. The protein moiety was subjected to digestion by proteases to define peptide maps. RESULTS The autoreactive epitopes in glima 38 recognised by Type I diabetic sera are conformational and independent of the carbohydrate moiety. Inhibition of N-glycation of glima 38 in vivo, shows a protein core of M(r) 22,000 in both pancreatic beta-(betaTC3) and neuronal (GT1.7) cell lines. The carbohydrate moieties in the two cell types are distinct but contain a similar amount of terminal sialic acid residues and at least five oligosaccharide chains Glima 38 binds Triticum vulgare and Ricinus communis I lectins. Endoproteinase treatment of the M(r) 22,000 core protein results in peptides of M(r) 4500 and M(r) 20,000 with Lys-C, and peptides of M(r) 4000 and M(r) 11,000-12,000 with Glu-C/V8 and Asp-N proteases. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION The biochemical properties of glima 38 define it as a new autoantigen in Type I diabetes and provide a basis for its purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Roll
- Department of Medicine, Hormone Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, USA
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39
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Ko BC, Turck CW, Lee KW, Yang Y, Chung SS. Purification, identification, and characterization of an osmotic response element binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 270:52-61. [PMID: 10733904 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kidney cells, especially the epithelial cells lining the collecting tubules in the inner medulla, are constantly exposed to concentrated urine. They are protected from the osmotic effect of high levels of sodium ion and urea by accumulating compatible osmolytes such as sorbitol, betaine, and myo-inositol. These osmolytes are involved in maintaining cell volume and electrolyte contents because they do not perturb the protein structure and function over a wide range of concentrations. Sorbitol is produced via the reduction of glucose by aldose reductase (AR), while betaine and myo-inositol are transported into the cells through specific transporters. Under hyperosmotic stress, transcriptions of genes encoding these proteins are highly induced. The induction of transcription was found to be mediated through the osmotic response elements (OREs) located in the 5' flanking sequences of these genes. We had earlier identified the OREs in human AR gene. In this study we purified and identified the osmotic response element binding protein (OREBP). OREBP is a transcription factor of approximately 200 kDa in size, characterized by a Rel-like DNA binding domain and a glutamine-rich transactivation domain. Dominant negative OREBP significantly diminished hyperosmotic AR gene induction. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that this transcription factor is rapidly translocated into the nucleus upon hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Ko
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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40
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Dyall SD, Koehler CM, Delgadillo-Correa MG, Bradley PJ, Plümper E, Leuenberger D, Turck CW, Johnson PJ. Presence of a member of the mitochondrial carrier family in hydrogenosomes: conservation of membrane-targeting pathways between hydrogenosomes and mitochondria. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:2488-97. [PMID: 10713172 PMCID: PMC85448 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.7.2488-2497.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of microaerophilic eukaryotes lack mitochondria but possess another organelle involved in energy metabolism, the hydrogenosome. Limited phylogenetic analyses of nuclear genes support a common origin for these two organelles. We have identified a protein of the mitochondrial carrier family in the hydrogenosome of Trichomonas vaginalis and have shown that this protein, Hmp31, is phylogenetically related to the mitochondrial ADP-ATP carrier (AAC). We demonstrate that the hydrogenosomal AAC can be targeted to the inner membrane of mitochondria isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the Tim9-Tim10 import pathway used for the assembly of mitochondrial carrier proteins. Conversely, yeast mitochondrial AAC can be targeted into the membranes of hydrogenosomes. The hydrogenosomal AAC contains a cleavable, N-terminal presequence; however, this sequence is not necessary for targeting the protein to the organelle. These data indicate that the membrane-targeting signal(s) for hydrogenosomal AAC is internal, similar to that found for mitochondrial carrier proteins. Our findings indicate that the membrane carriers and membrane protein-targeting machinery of hydrogenosomes and mitochondria have a common evolutionary origin. Together, they provide strong evidence that a single endosymbiont evolved into a progenitor organelle in early eukaryotic cells that ultimately give rise to these two distinct organelles and support the hydrogen hypothesis for the origin of the eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Dyall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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41
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein, a large minus-end-directed microtubule motor, performs multiple functions during the cell cycle. In interphase, dynein moves membrane organelles, while in mitosis it moves chromosomes and helps to form the mitotic spindle. The cell-cycle regulation of dynein activity may be controlled, at least in part, by the phosphorylation of its light intermediate chains (DLIC), since a 10-fold increase in light intermediate chain phosphorylation correlates with a decrease in dynein-based membrane transport of similar magnitude in mitosis. In this study, we sought to identify the kinase responsible for this potentially important phosphorylation event. We show that bacterially-expressed chicken light intermediate chain (chDLIC) will undergo mitosis-specific phosphorylation when added to Xenopus egg extracts. Mutation of a conserved cdc2 kinase consensus site (Ser197) abolishes this phosphorylation event, and mass spectroscopy analysis confirms that the wild-type DLIC is stoichiometrically phosphorylated at this site when incubated with metaphase but not interphase extracts. We also show that purified cdc2 kinase phosphorylates purified DLICs at Ser197 in vitro and that Ser197 phosphorylation is dramatically reduced in metaphase extracts depleted of cdc2 kinase. These results indicate that cdc2 kinase directly phosphorylates dynein and thus may be an important regulator of dynein activity in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Dell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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42
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Lasker M, Bui CD, Besant PG, Sugawara K, Thai P, Medzihradszky G, Turck CW. Protein histidine phosphorylation: increased stability of thiophosphohistidine. Protein Sci 1999; 8:2177-85. [PMID: 10548064 PMCID: PMC2144125 DOI: 10.1110/ps.8.10.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational phosphorylation of proteins is an important event in many cellular processes. Whereas phosphoesters of serine, threonine and tyrosine have been extensively studied, only limited information is available for other amino acids modified by a phosphate group. The formation of phosphohistidine residues in proteins has been discovered in prokaryotic organisms as well as in eukaryotic cells. The ability to biochemically analyze phosphohistidine residues in proteins, however, is severely hampered by its extreme lability under acidic conditions. In our studies we have found that by replacing the phosphate linked to the histidine residue with a thiophosphate, a phosphohistidine derivative with increased stability is formed. This allows the analysis of phosphohistidine-containing proteins by established biochemical techniques and will greatly aid in the investigation of the role of this posttranslational modification in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lasker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, 94143-0724, USA
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43
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Jonosono M, Fang KC, Keith FM, Turck CW, Blanc PD, Hall TS, Fukano AK, Rifkin CJ, Gold WM, Webb WR, Edinburgh KJ, Finkbeiner WE, Golden JA. Measurement of fibroblast proliferative activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the analysis of obliterative bronchiolitis among lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999; 18:972-85. [PMID: 10561108 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(99)00055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis obliterans occurs in 30% to 80% of lung-transplant recipients and is a direct cause of death in more than 40% of patients with this complication. This study assessed the potential utility of measuring fibroblast-proliferative activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung-transplant recipients to better understand the pathogenesis of this process. METHODS The capacity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from transplant recipients, during routine surveillance bronchoscopy, to stimulate the proliferation of human lung fibroblasts in vitro was assessed retrospectively and compared to that of control subjects. For each recipient, a correlation was made between the fibroblast-proliferative activity in serial lavage samples over time and the other modalities employed for detecting post-transplant complications including spirometry, transbronchial lung biopsy, and high-resolution computed tomography. RESULTS There was a significant difference in fibroblast-proliferative activity between volunteer and transplant recipient groups (p = 0.002). Further, for each transplant recipient, the decline in the forced expired flow rate between 25% and 75% of expired volume (FEF(25%-75%)) was correlated with the mean fibroblast-proliferative activity during the period of this study (r = 0.83; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS A sustained increase in fibroblast-proliferative activity in lavage supernatant precedes both histologic and physiologic evidence of bronchiolitis obliterans. Relative to an increase in fibroblast-proliferative activity or abnormalities in FEF25%-75%, a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second is a late finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jonosono
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, 94143-0359, USA
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44
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Bloom D, Jabrane-Ferrat N, Zeng L, Wu A, Li L, Lo D, Turck CW, An S, Goetzl EJ. Prostaglandin E2 enhancement of interferon-gamma production by antigen-stimulated type 1 helper T cells. Cell Immunol 1999; 194:21-7. [PMID: 10357877 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1999.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent mediator generated in immune tissues by cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid. PGE2 affects T cell functions through four homologous G protein-coupled receptors termed EP1R, EP2R, EP3R, and EP4R that differ in tissue distribution and signaling. Antigen-evoked secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by sperm whale myoglobin-specific Th1 cells of DBA/2 mouse I-Ed-restricted clones, that express EP3Rs and EP4Rs, was enhanced a maximum of 3-fold by 10(-10) to 10(-8) M PGE2 and 2.5-fold each for the EP1R/EP3R-directed agonist sulprostone (10(-8) and 10(-7) M) and for the EP4R/EP3R/EP2R agonist misoprostol (10(-9) M). Neither PGE2 nor the synthetic analogs affected secretion of IFN-gamma by PMA plus ionomycin-stimulated clones of Th1 cells. Antigen-evoked secretion of IFN-gamma by influenza hemagglutinin-specific mouse lymph node Th1 cells, that also express EP3Rs and EP4Rs, was increased a maximum of 12-fold by 10(-9) to 10(-8) M PGE2, 14-fold by 10(-9) M sulprostone, and 10-fold by 10(-9) M misoprostol. Production of IFN-gamma by either type of Th1 cell was not affected significantly by 10(-6) M PGE2 alone. The generation of IFN-gamma by antigen-stimulated Th1 cells thus is significantly enhanced by physiologically relevant concentrations of PGE2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Misoprostol/metabolism
- Misoprostol/pharmacology
- Myoglobin/chemical synthesis
- Myoglobin/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bloom
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology-Immunology, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California, 94143-0711, USA
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45
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Straight AF, Shou W, Dowd GJ, Turck CW, Deshaies RJ, Johnson AD, Moazed D. Net1, a Sir2-associated nucleolar protein required for rDNA silencing and nucleolar integrity. Cell 1999; 97:245-56. [PMID: 10219245 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Sir2 protein mediates gene silencing and repression of recombination at the rDNA repeats in budding yeast. Here we show that Sir2 executes these functions as a component of a nucleolar complex designated RENT (regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase exit). Net1, a core subunit of this complex, preferentially cross-links to the rDNA repeats, but not to silent DNA regions near telomeres or to active genes, and tethers the RENT complex to rDNA. Net1 is furthermore required for rDNA silencing and nucleolar integrity. During interphase, Net1 and Sir2 colocalize to a subdomain within the nucleous, but at the end of mitosis a fraction of Sir2 leaves the nucleolus and disperses as foci throughout the nucleus, suggesting that the structure of rDNA silent chromatin changes during the cell cycle. Our findings suggest that a protein complex shown to regulate exit from mitosis is also involved in gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Straight
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5730, USA
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46
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Pingel S, Launois P, Fowell DJ, Turck CW, Southwood S, Sette A, Glaichenhaus N, Louis JA, Locksley RM. Altered ligands reveal limited plasticity in the T cell response to a pathogenic epitope. J Exp Med 1999; 189:1111-20. [PMID: 10190902 PMCID: PMC2193001 DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.7.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental leishmaniasis offers a well characterized model of T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-mediated control of infection by an intracellular organism. Susceptible BALB/c mice aberrantly develop Th2 cells in response to infection and are unable to control parasite dissemination. The early CD4(+) T cell response in these mice is oligoclonal and reflects the expansion of Vbeta4/ Valpha8-bearing T cells in response to a single epitope from the parasite Leishmania homologue of mammalian RACK1 (LACK) antigen. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) generated by these cells is believed to direct the subsequent Th2 response. We used T cells from T cell receptor-transgenic mice expressing such a Vbeta4/Valpha8 receptor to characterize altered peptide ligands with similar affinity for I-Ad. Such altered ligands failed to activate IL-4 production from transgenic LACK-specific T cells or following injection into BALB/c mice. Pretreatment of susceptible mice with altered peptide ligands substantially altered the course of subsequent infection. The ability to confer a healer phenotype on otherwise susceptible mice using altered peptides that differed by a single amino acid suggests limited diversity in the endogenous T cell repertoire recognizing this antigen.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Disease Susceptibility
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Cellular
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Leishmania major/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/chemistry
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Superantigens/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pingel
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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47
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Jabrane-Ferrat N, Bloom D, Wu A, Li L, Lo D, Sreedharan SP, Turck CW, Goetzl AE. Enhancement by vasoactive intestinal peptide of gamma-interferon production by antigen-stimulated type 1 helper T cells. FASEB J 1999; 13:347-53. [PMID: 9973323 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.13.2.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuroendocrine mediator in immune tissues that affects many T cell functions through two homologous high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors, termed VIPR1 and VIPR2. Antigen-stimulated secretion of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) by sperm whale myoglobin-specific Th1 cells of DBA/2 mouse I-Ed-restricted clones, which express VIPR1 and VIPR2, was enhanced by 10(-10) M to 10(-7) M VIP. Enhancement of IFN-gamma secretion reached a mean maximum of fourfold for VIP and threefold for a VIPR2-selective agonist, without any effect of a VIPR1-selective agonist. Secretion of IFN-gamma by PMA and ionomycin-stimulated clones of Th1 cells was not altered by VIP. Antigen-stimulated secretion of IFN-gamma by T cell receptor-transgenic, influenza hemagglutinin-specific, and cytokine-differentiated mouse lymph node Th1 cells, which also express VIPR1 and VIPR2, was enhanced by 10(-10) M to 10(-8) M VIP. Enhancement of IFN-gamma secretion increased to a maximum of 14-fold for VIP, 14-fold for the VIPR2-selective agonist, and 20-fold for the VIPR1-selective agonist. In contrast to VIP suppression of interleukin production and lack of effect on IFN-gamma production by T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody or a mitogenic lectin, generation of IFN-gamma by antigen-stimulated T cells is enhanced significantly by physiological concentrations of VIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jabrane-Ferrat
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology-Immunology, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0711, USA
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48
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Chou MY, Rooke N, Turck CW, Black DL. hnRNP H is a component of a splicing enhancer complex that activates a c-src alternative exon in neuronal cells. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:69-77. [PMID: 9858532 PMCID: PMC83866 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/1998] [Accepted: 10/13/1998] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the c-src N1 exon is mediated by an intronic splicing enhancer downstream of the N1 5' splice site. Previous experiments showed that a set of proteins assembles onto the most conserved core of this enhancer sequence specifically in neuronal WERI-1 cell extracts. The most prominent components of this enhancer complex are the proteins hnRNP F, KSRP, and an unidentified protein of 58 kDa (p58). This p58 protein was purified from the WERI-1 cell nuclear extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Mono Q chromatography, and immunoprecipitation with anti-Sm antibody Y12. Peptide sequence analysis of purified p58 protein identified it as hnRNP H. Immunoprecipitation of hnRNP H cross-linked to the N1 enhancer RNA, as well as gel mobility shift analysis of the enhancer complex in the presence of hnRNP H-specific antibodies, confirmed that hnRNP H is a protein component of the splicing enhancer complex. Immunoprecipitation of splicing intermediates from in vitro splicing reactions with anti-hnRNP H antibody indicated that hnRNP H remains bound to the src pre-mRNA after the assembly of spliceosome. Partial immunodepletion of hnRNP H from the nuclear extract partially inactivated the splicing of the N1 exon in vitro. This inhibition of splicing can be restored by the addition of recombinant hnRNP H, indicating that hnRNP H is an important factor for N1 splicing. Finally, in vitro binding assays demonstrate that hnRNP H can interact with the related protein hnRNP F, suggesting that hnRNPs H and F may exist as a heterodimer in a single enhancer complex. These two proteins presumably cooperate with each other and with other enhancer complex proteins to direct splicing to the N1 exon upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Chou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Nguyen JT, Turck CW, Cohen FE, Zuckermann RN, Lim WA. Exploiting the basis of proline recognition by SH3 and WW domains: design of N-substituted inhibitors. Science 1998; 282:2088-92. [PMID: 9851931 DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5396.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Src homology 3 (SH3) and WW protein interaction domains bind specific proline-rich sequences. However, instead of recognizing critical prolines on the basis of side chain shape or rigidity, these domains broadly accepted amide N-substituted residues. Proline is apparently specifically selected in vivo, despite low complementarity, because it is the only endogenous N-substituted amino acid. This discriminatory mechanism explains how these domains achieve specific but low-affinity recognition, a property that is necessary for transient signaling interactions. The mechanism can be exploited: screening a series of ligands in which key prolines were replaced by nonnatural N-substituted residues yielded a ligand that selectively bound the Grb2 SH3 domain with 100 times greater affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Nguyen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Jones SL, Wang J, Turck CW, Brown EJ. A role for the actin-bundling protein L-plastin in the regulation of leukocyte integrin function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:9331-6. [PMID: 9689080 PMCID: PMC21338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/1998] [Accepted: 06/03/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of leukocyte integrin avidity is a crucial aspect of inflammation and immunity. The actin cytoskeleton has an important role in the regulation of integrin function, but the cytoskeletal proteins involved are largely unknown. Because inflammatory stimuli that activate integrin-mediated adhesion in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes cause phosphorylation of the actin-bundling protein L-plastin, we tested whether L-plastin phosphorylation was involved in integrin activation. L-plastin-derived peptides that included the phosphorylation site (Ser-5) rapidly induced leukocyte integrin-mediated adhesion when introduced into the cytosol of freshly isolated primary human PMN and monocytes. Substitution of Ala for Ser-5 abolished the ability of the peptide to induce adhesion. Peptide-induced adhesion was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of phosphoinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C, but adhesion induced by a peptide containing a phosphoserine at position 5 was insensitive to inhibition. These data establish a novel role for L-plastin in the regulation of leukocyte adhesion and suggest that many signaling events implicated in integrin regulation act via induction of L-plastin phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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