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Shirey N, Mendonca G, Groth C, Kim-Berman H. Authors' response. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:1-2. [PMID: 38154847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
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Groth C, Kravitz ND. Direct 3D-printed occlusal splints. J Clin Orthod 2023; 57:640-643. [PMID: 38346214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neal D Kravitz
- Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, Greenwood Village, CO; Private Practice of Orthodontics in South Riding, VA.
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Shirey N, Mendonca G, Groth C, Kim-Berman H. Comparison of mechanical properties of 3-dimensional printed and thermoformed orthodontic aligners. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 163:720-728. [PMID: 37142355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic treatment using clear aligners has experienced exponential growth since its introduction in the late 1990s. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has also grown in popularity among orthodontists, and companies have begun to produce resins to directly print clear aligners. This study aimed to examine the mechanical properties of commercially available thermoformed aligners and direct 3D-printed aligners under laboratory conditions and a simulated oral environment. METHODS Samples were prepared (approximately 2.5 × 20 mm) from 2 thermoformed materials, EX30 and LD30 (Align Technology Inc, San Jose, Calif), as well as 2 direct 3D-printing resins, Material X (Envisiontec, Inc; Dearborn, Mich) and OD-Clear TF (3DResyns, Barcelona, Spain). Wet samples were subjected to phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C for 7 days, whereas dry samples were stored at 25°C. Tensile and stress relaxation tests were carried out on an RSA3 Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (Texas Instruments, Dallas, Tex) and Instron Universal Testing System (Instron, Norwood, Mass) to calculate elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and stress relaxation. RESULTS The elastic modulus of dry and wet samples was 103.2 ± 17.3 MPa and 114.4 ± 17.9 MPa (EX30), 61.3 ± 9.18 MPa and 103.5 ± 11.4 MPa (LD30), 431.2 ± 16.0 MPa and 139.9 ± 34.6 MPa (Material X), and 38.4 ± 14.7 MPa and 38.3 ± 8.4 MPa (OD-Clear TF), respectively. The ultimate tensile strength of dry and wet samples was 64.41 ± 7.25 MPa and 61.43 ± 7.41MPa (EX30), 40.04 ± 5.00 MPa and 30.09 ± 1.50 MPa (LD30), 28.11 ± 3.75 MPa and 27.57 ± 4.09 MPa (Material X), and 9.34 ± 1.96 MPa and 8.27 ± 0.93 MPa (OD-Clear TF), respectively. Residual stress of wet samples at 2% strain for 2 hours was 59.99 ± 3.02% (EX30), 52.57 ± 12.28% (LD30), 6.98 ± 2.64% (Material X), and 4.39 ± 0.84% (OD-Clear TF). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant difference in elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and stress relaxation among the samples tested. Moisture, specifically a simulated oral environment, appears to have a greater effect on the mechanical properties of direct 3D-printed aligners when compared with thermoformed aligners. This is likely to impact the ability of 3D-printed aligners to generate and maintain adequate force levels for tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nic Shirey
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Gustavo Mendonca
- Department of General Practice, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Christian Groth
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Hera Kim-Berman
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
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Cope JB, Groth C. Weighing the options of an in-office versus an outsourced aligner manufacturing approach. Semin Orthod 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shannon T, Groth C. Be your own manufacturer: 3D printing intraoral appliances. Semin Orthod 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lauermann JL, Treder M, Stelljes M, Groth C, Eter N, Uhlig CE. Beidseitige Hornhautkalzifizierung bei okulärer Graft-versus-Host-Disease. Ophthalmologe 2019; 116:185-188. [DOI: 10.1007/s00347-018-0695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Groth C, Kravitz ND, Shirck JM. Incorporating three-dimensional printing in orthodontics. J Clin Orthod 2018; 52:28-33. [PMID: 29447128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Groth
- Private Practice of Orthodontics in Birmingham, MI; Motor City Lab Works, Birmingham, MI.
| | - Neal D Kravitz
- Journal of Clinical Orthodontics; Private Practice of Orthodontics in South Riding, VA.
| | - Jeffrey M Shirck
- Private Practice of Orthodontics in Pataskala, New Albany, and Westerville, OH
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Kravitz ND, Groth C, Shannon T. CAD/CAM software for three-dimensional printing. J Clin Orthod 2018; 52:22-27. [PMID: 29447127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Kravitz
- Journal of Clinical Orthodontics; Private Practice of Orthodontics in South Riding, VA.
| | - Christian Groth
- Private Practice of Orthodontics in Birmingham, MI; Motor City Lab Works, Birmingham, MI
| | - Tom Shannon
- Private Practice of Orthodontics in Grandville, MI
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Albring JC, Inselmann S, Sauer T, Schliemann C, Altvater B, Kailayangiri S, Rössig C, Hartmann W, Knorrenschild JR, Sohlbach K, Groth C, Lohoff M, Neubauer A, Berdel WE, Burchert A, Stelljes M. PD-1 checkpoint blockade in patients with relapsed AML after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:317-320. [PMID: 27892950 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Albring
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Inselmann
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - T Sauer
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - C Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - B Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Kailayangiri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Rössig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - W Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology of the University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - J R Knorrenschild
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - K Sohlbach
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - C Groth
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - M Lohoff
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Neubauer
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - W E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - A Burchert
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Stelljes
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Storebø OJ, Zwi M, Krogh HB, Moreira-Maia CR, Holmskov M, Gillies D, Groth C, Simonsen E, Gluud C. Evidence on methylphenidate in children and adolescents with ADHD is in fact of 'very low quality'. Evid Based Ment Health 2016; 19:100-102. [PMID: 27935808 PMCID: PMC10699534 DOI: 10.1136/eb-2016-102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Banaschewski and colleagues from the European Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) guideline group make a number of critical comments regarding our systematic review on methylphenidate for children and adolescents with ADHD. In this article, we present our views, showing that our trial selection was not flawed and was undertaken with scientific justification. Similarly, our data collection and interpretation was systematic and correct. We have followed a sound methodology for assessing risk of bias and our conclusions are not misleading. We acknowledge that different researchers might make risk of bias judgments at higher or lower thresholds, but we have been consistent and transparent in applying our pre-defined and per reviewed protocol. Although we made minor errors, we demonstrate that the effects are negligible and not affecting our conclusions. We are happy to correct such errors and to engage in debate on methodological and ethical issues. In terms of clinical implications, we are advocating that clinicians, patients and their relatives should weight carefully risks and benefits of methylphenidate. Clinical experience seems to suggest that there are people who benefit from this medication. Our systematic review does, however, raise questions regarding the overall quality of the methylphenidate trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Storebø
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand Psychiatry, Slagelse, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - M Zwi
- Whittington Health, Islington CAMHS, London, UK
| | - H B Krogh
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand Psychiatry, Slagelse, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - M Holmskov
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand Psychiatry, Slagelse, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - D Gillies
- Mental Health, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, Australia
| | - C Groth
- Pediatric Department, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - E Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand Psychiatry, Slagelse, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Gluud
- The Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pohlen M, Groth C, Sauer T, Görlich D, Mesters R, Schliemann C, Lenz G, Müller-Tidow C, Büchner T, Berdel WE, Stelljes M. Outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for AML and myelodysplastic syndrome in elderly patients (⩾60 years). Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:1441-1448. [PMID: 27295269 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) remains the best curative option for patients with refractory AML or with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). For decades, age alone had been widely used as the primary criterion to assess eligibility for allogeneic SCT; however, prospective studies to evaluate allogeneic SCT in elderly patients are still limited. A total of 187 patients (median age of 64 years, range 60-77 years) with AML (87%) or MDS (13%) transplanted between 1999 and 2014 were included in this retrospective analysis. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) at 3 years were 32% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25-39%) and 35% (95%CI: 27-42%), respectively. Overall survival was 49% (95%CI: 35-64%) in AML patients who were transplanted in first complete remission (CR1), but even patients with active disease did benefit from transplantation, showing an OS at 3 years of 30% (95%CI: 20-40%). Multivariate analysis revealed disease- and patient-specific risk indices as independent prognostic factors for OS and non-relapse mortality (NRM). In conclusion, our monocenter results indicate that patients should not be generally withheld from allogeneic SCT because of age or disease status only. Specific risk models incorporating disease status and disease-specific risk factors at the time of transplantation as well as existing comorbidities are helpful tools to assess transplantation-associated risk factors of elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pohlen
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - C Groth
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - T Sauer
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - D Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Mesters
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - C Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - G Lenz
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Translational Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Muenster, Germany
| | - C Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - T Büchner
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - W E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - M Stelljes
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Groth C, Kravitz ND, Jones PE, Graham JW, Redmond WR. Three-dimensional printing technology. J Clin Orthod 2014; 48:475-485. [PMID: 25226040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Groth
- Private practice of orthodontics at 2388 Cole St., Suite 103, Birmingham, MI 48009, USA.
| | - Neal D Kravitz
- Department of Orthodontics, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Perry E Jones
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of General Practice, Department of Continuing Education, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John W Graham
- Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco. Department of Orthodontics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - W Ronald Redmond
- Graduate Orthodontic Department, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, USA
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Kravitz ND, Groth C, Jones PE, Graham JW, Redmond WR. Intraoral digital scanners. J Clin Orthod 2014; 48:337-347. [PMID: 25083754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Kravitz
- Department of Orthodontics, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Perry E Jones
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of General Practice, and Department of Continuing Education, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John W Graham
- Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco. Department of Orthodontics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Rosenow F, Berkemeier A, Krug U, Müller-Tidow C, Gerss J, Silling G, Groth C, Wieacker P, Bogdanova N, Mesters R, Büchner T, Kienast J, Berdel WE, Stelljes M. CD34(+) lineage specific donor cell chimerism for the diagnosis and treatment of impending relapse of AML or myelodysplastic syndrome after allo-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:1070-6. [PMID: 23376821 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After allo-SCT, analysis of CD34(+) lineage-specific donor cell chimerism (DCC) is a sensitive method for monitoring minimal residual disease in patients with AML or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with CD34 expression. To substantiate evidence of whether immune interventions in patients with impending relapse, defined by incomplete lineage-specific DCC, may prevent hematological relapse, we performed a retrospective nested case control study. Unsorted and lineage-specific DCC were measured in 134 patients. Forty-three patients had an incomplete CD34(+)-DCC with no other evidence of relapse. After immediate tapering of immunosuppressive treatment (30 patients) and/or infusion of donor lymphocytes (10 patients), 21 patients remained in remission (conversion to complete lineage-specific DCC) and 22 relapsed. Relapse-free survival at 3 years of the 91 patients with stable DCC and of the 43 patients with incomplete DCC was 74% (95% confidence interval (CI), 64-83%) and 40% (95% CI, 24-58%), respectively. OS rates were 79% (95% CI, 70-88%) and 52% (95% CI, 35-69%), respectively. These results, with 49% of patients with impending relapse successfully treated with immune intervention, highly suggest that analysis of CD34(+)-DCC is an important tool for monitoring and the management of AML and MDS patients after allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rosenow
- Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Mai K, Bobbert T, Groth C, Assmann A, Meinus S, Kraatz J, Andres J, Arafat AM, Pfeiffer AFH, Möhlig M, Spranger J. Physiological modulation of circulating FGF21: relevance of free fatty acids and insulin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E126-30. [PMID: 20424140 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00020.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), a novel metabolic factor in obesity and fasting metabolism, has been shown to be regulated by supraphysiological levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) under hyperinsulinemic conditions. Interestingly, it is still unclear whether the observed effects of FFAs on FGF-21 are relevant under physiological conditions, and the relative functions of FFAs and insulin within this context also need to be determined. Fourteen healthy men were studied in a randomized controlled crossover trial (RCT) using lipid heparin infusion (LHI) at a dose inducing physiological elevations of FFAs vs. saline heparin infusion. In a second randomized controlled trial, FGF-21 was analyzed in 14 patients with type 1 diabetes (6 men, 8 women) during continuous insulin supply vs. discontinued insulin infusion and subsequently increased lipolysis and ketosis. Circulating FGF-21 increased during physiologically elevated FFAs induced by LHI, which was accompanied by mild hyperinsulinemia. Interestingly, a mild elevation of FFAs resulting from complete insulin deficiency also increased FGF-21 levels. These results from two independent human RCTs suggest that FFAs increase circulating FGF-21, while insulin is only of minor importance under physiological conditions. This mechanism might explain the apparent paradox of increased FGF-21 levels in obesity, insulin resistance, and starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
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Groth C, Lundgren G, Gunnarsson R, Berg B, Arner P, Ostman J. Experience with pancreatic transplantation in Stockholm. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 639:49-54. [PMID: 6999838 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1980.tb12865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Eight attempts at segmental pancreatic transplantation were made in 6 diabetic patients. While the indications for transplantation differed all the patients were severely incapacitated by the disease. None was uremic. The body and tail of the pancreas from cadaveric donors was used, the grafts were revascularized to the recipient's iliac vessles. Six of the grafts provided control of blood glucose for 7-51 days. Five of the grafts then failed owing to rejection, and one had to be removed while still functioning, because of arterial bleeding. Important lessons have been learned concerning both surgical and immunological aspects of this form of treatment : 1) Ducto-jejunostomy should be used to provide exocrine pancreatic drainage. 2) HLA-DR typing for donor-recipient selection and thoracic-duct drainage as an adjunctive immunosuppressive measure should be used to reduce the incidence of graft rejection. 3) An elevation of the postprandial blood glucose concentration is a first sign of rejection and should cause treatment. 4) Graft rejection can be reversed by conventional steroid medication.
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Lundgren G, Groth C, Gunnarsson R, Magnusson G, Ostman J. Dialysis and renal transplantation in end-stage diabetic nephropathy. A survey. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 639:59-63. [PMID: 6999839 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1980.tb12868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bobbert T, Mai K, Groth C, Thurm U, Arafat AM, Pfeiffer AFH, Pani MA, Spranger J. Schnellere Stoffwechsel-Normalisierung durch Blutketon-Messung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Groth C, Bottiger B, Plesner A, Christiansen A, Glismann S, Hogh B. Nosocomial measles cluster in Denmark following an imported case, December 2008-January 2009. Euro Surveill 2009; 14:19126. [PMID: 19250624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A cluster of six confirmed cases with identical measles virus genotype was reported in Denmark between December 2008 and January 2009. The findings highlight the importance of vaccination before travelling and adherence to the routine vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Groth
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Groth C, Böttiger BE, Plesner A, Christiansen AH, Glismann S, Hogh B. Nosocomial measles cluster in Denmark following an imported case, December 2008-January 2009. Euro Surveill 2009. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.08.19126-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cluster of six confirmed cases with identical measles virus genotype was reported in Denmark between December 2008 and January 2009. Transmission occurred among unvaccinated children aged 15-23 months admitted to the same hospital as a 36-month-old unvaccinated girl diagnosed with measles following travel. The findings highlight the importance of vaccination before travelling and adherence to the routine vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Groth
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - B E Böttiger
- Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Plesner
- Medical Office of Health, Region Greater Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A H Christiansen
- Department of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Glismann
- Department of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Hogh
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Groth C, Drager R, Warnatz K, Wolff-Vorbeck G, Schmidt S, Eibel H, Schlesier M, Peter HH. Impaired up-regulation of CD70 and CD86 in naive (CD27-) B cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 129:133-9. [PMID: 12100033 PMCID: PMC1906432 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CVID is characterized by reduced serum levels of all switched immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG, IgA, IgE) predisposing patients to recurrent infections of their respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Correspondingly, most CVID patients exhibit a severely decreased proportion of class switched memory B cells (CD19+CD27+IgD-IgM-IgG+ or IgA+) in their peripheral blood (CVID type I). We previously identified a subgroup of CVID patients showing a significantly reduced expression of CD86 and CD137 following activation in vitro of PBMC or purified B cells (CD19+) with anti-IgM plus IL-2. Here we extend our previous studies by asking whether highly purified, cell-sorted naive B cells show already an expression defect of B cell surface molecules relevant in activation (CD39, CD69), differentiation (CD24, CD27, CD38) or T-B interaction (CD25, CD70, CD86). We stimulated cell-sorted, naive B cells (CD19+CD27-IgM+IgDhighIgG-IgA-) from 10 CVID patients and 10 healthy controls for 4 days with anti-IgM plus IL-2 in the absence or presence of autologous CD4+ T cells and measured the expression of the referred surface molecules. Based on reduced or normal numbers of switched memory B cells the CVID patients had previously been classified into eight type I patients and two type II patients, respectively. Interestingly, only the molecules CD25, CD70 and CD86, all relevant in cognate T-B interaction, showed a significantly lower expression in naive B cells from CVID patients compared to controls. While coculture with autologous CD4+ T cells normalized the CD25 expression, CD70 and CD86 expression remained subnormal, notably in the eight CVID patients of type I. These findings strongly suggest an intrinsic signalling or expression defect for CD70/CD86 at the level of naive B cells in type I CVID patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/pharmacology
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, T-Independent/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- B7-2 Antigen
- CD27 Ligand
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency/genetics
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Cooperation
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/deficiency
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- C Groth
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
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22
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23
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Abstract
We present semiempirical AM1 calculations for the ground and excited state of 2-naphthol and some of its cyano derivatives in the gas phase. Following photoexcitation, the Mulliken electron density on the oxygen diminishes slightly for the acid and more conspicuously for the anionic conjugated base. This agrees with the measured solvatochromic parameters for 2-naphthol. In both electronic states, we find a nice correlation with the measured pK values in water. The electronic charge distribution on the distal ring of the anion agrees with the experimental acidity order in both S(0) and S(1). Upon excitation, it increases predominantly in positions 3, 5, and 8. The ring system of the anion assumes an alternate quinoidal structure in the ground state of the anion, which becomes more symmetric in the relaxed excited state. This suggests that the enhanced aromatic character of a 4n electron system in the excited state allows for better delocalization of the oxygen charge within the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Agmon
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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24
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Rydgård KJ, Song Z, Foss A, Tufveson G, Wennberg L, Lundgren T, Tibell A, Groth C, Korsgren O. Procurement of human pancreases for islet isolation-the initiation of a Scandinavian collaborative network. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:2538. [PMID: 11406242 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)02092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Rydgård
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Tibell A, Bolinder J, Hagström-Toft E, Tollemar J, Brendel M, Eckhard M, Brandhorst D, Bretzel RG, Korsgren O, Groth C. Experience with human islet transplantation in Sweden. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:2535-6. [PMID: 11406240 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)02090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Tibell
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Otto G, Bleyl J, Neuhaus P, McMaster P, Calne R, Pichlmayr R, Williams R, Bismuth H, Groth C. Corticosteroids and concomitant medication in the European multicentre study of FK 506 and cyclosporin in primary liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S7-10. [PMID: 11271338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1994.tb01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The steroid-sparing effect and the use of concomitant medication during the treatment of liver transplant patients with the novel immunosuppressant FK 506 were evaluated within the European multicentre, randomized, parallel-group study in liver transplantation. Patients undergoing primary liver transplantation were randomized to treatment with FK 506 (n = 267) or with a cyclosporin-based immunosuppressive regimen (n = 273). The total cumulative steroid usage was significantly reduced in the FK 506 treatment group, which is likely to have resulted from the lower incidence of acute rejection in these patients. The number of patients receiving antidiabetic, diuretic and antihypertensive therapy did not differ between the two treatment groups, even though the incidence of diabetes mellitus and oliguria was significantly higher in the FK 506 group. It can, therefore, be assumed that in a number of such cases the severity of these events was very mild necessitating no specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Otto
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Ericzon B, Groth C, Bismuth H, Calne R, McMaster P, Neuhaus P, Otto G, Pichlmayr R, Williams R. Glucose metabolism in liver transplant recipients treated with FK 506 or cyclosporin in the European multicentre study. Transpl Int 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S11-4. [PMID: 11271178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1994.tb01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
From September 1990 to January 1992, 545 liver transplant patients were randomised to treatment with either FK506 and prednisolone or a conventional cyclosporin-based immunosuppressive regimen (CBIR). Eight European centres participated in the study. Adverse events were reported as defined by each centre. Hyperglycaemia was reported as an adverse event in 30.7% of patients receiving FK 506 compared with 20.5% in the CBIR group (P < 0.01). Diabetes mellitus was reported in 17.2% of patients treated with FK 506 and 9.5% of CBIR-treated patients (P < 0.05). Treatment with insulin was required in 12.0% of patients in the DK 506 treatment group and in 5% in the CBIR group at 6 months. Initially, higher doses of FK 506 were used. During the study, the protocol was changed to allow a lower dose of FK 506. When the early and late cohorts of patients were compared, the incidence of diabetes mellitus fell from 23.9% to 10.5% in FK 506-treated patients but remained relatively constant in the CBIR group (10.4% to 8.7%). The median cumulative doses of i.v. and p.o. corticosteroids were significantly greater in the CBIR group. Thus, in the overall series, the incidence of diabetes mellitus was significantly greater in the FK 506 group as compared with the CBIR group. However, when a lower FK 506 dose was used during the second half of the study, the difference in the incidence of diabetes mellitus disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ericzon
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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28
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Devlin J, Williams R, Neuhaus P, McMaster P, Calne R, Pichlmayr R, Otto G, Bismuth H, Groth C. Renal complications and development of hypertension in the European study of FK 506 and cyclosporin in primary liver transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S22-6. [PMID: 11271207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1994.tb01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the occurrence of renal complications and hypertension in 540 primary liver recipients entered into the European liver trial comparing primary FK 506 to a cyclosporin A based immunosuppression regimen (CBIR). No difference in serious renal impairment or mean creatinine levels was observed with similar rates of "kidney failure" (FK 506 9.4% vs. CBIR 7.3%) and dialysis requirements (FK 506 12% vs. CBIR 11%). "Abnormal kidney function", a less serious parameter of renal impairment, was reported in 89 recipients (33%) in the FK 506 group versus 58 (21%) in the CBIR group (P < 0.01). Development of this complication was associated with elevated intravenous FK 506 dosing schedules, with the mean cumulative dose 43% higher than treated patients with unaffected kidney function. In a later cohort of patients where intravenous dosing was lower, no significant difference in renal complications was detectable. The 6-month prevalence rate of systemic arterial hypertension was noted to be lower in the FK 506-treated patients compared to the CBIR group [33 (17.2%) vs. 47 (25.7%)].
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Affiliation(s)
- J Devlin
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Winkler M, Pichlmayr R, Neuhaus P, McMaster P, Calne R, Otto G, Williams R, Bismuth H, Groth C. Optimal FK 506 dosage in patients under primary immunosuppression following liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S58-63. [PMID: 11271312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1994.tb01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In a retrospective study, we analysed the FK 506 dosage used in primary liver graft recipients enrolled in the European FK 506 multicenter trial conducted from September 1990 to January 1992. In addition, a second cohort of patients treated more recently in a single centre was investigated. The impact of different dosing strategies on the clinical course of the patients was analysed with special emphasis on the incidence of rejection episodes and FK 506 side-effects. Among the patients enrolled in the European FK 506 multicenter trial, those patients enrolled during the "early" phase of the study received a higher oral FK 506 dose [mean oral dosage on day 7 = 0.19 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, n = 134] compared to patients enrolled during the "late" period of the study (mean oral dosage on day 7 = 0.14 mg/kg bw per day, n = 133). This lower dosage was the result of several protocol amendments performed to reduce the incidence of FK 506 side-effects. Lowering of the FK 506 dosage was accompanied by a reduction in the long-term prevalence of side-effects such as diabetes (n. s.) or hypertension (P < 0.05), while patient survival and rejection frequency remained constant. Patients treated in centres with online FK 506 blood level monitoring experienced significantly less hypertension, less episodes of diabetes and less rejection episodes compared to patients treated in centres without. The clinical course of those patients enrolled in the multicentre trial was compared with the course of a cohort of liver-grafted patients treated with FK 506 more recently in a single centre. These patients had a further reduction in the FK 506 dosage (0.10 mg/kg bw per day p.o. or less according to whole blood levels, with no intravenous FK 506 administration). When compared to patients enrolled in the multicentre trial, these patients experienced less side-effects (nephrotoxicity, hypertension, serious early neurotoxicity) while adaequate immunosuppression was maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Winkler
- Klinik für Abdominal- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
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30
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Devlin J, Wong P, Williams R, Neuhaus P, McMaster P, Calne R, Pichlmayr R, Otto G, Bismuth H, Groth C. FK 506 primary immunosuppression following emergency liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. European FK 506 Study Liver Group. Transpl Int 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S64-9. [PMID: 11271328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1994.tb01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of an FK 506-compared to a cyclosporin A based immunosuppression regimen was examined in liver recipients who underwent transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure in the European FK 506 liver study. A consistent trend towards improved patient and graft survival noted in the FK 506-treated patients was apparent from the first postoperative week (e. g. patient survival: day 7, 95.5% vs. 82.1% and month 6, 72.7% vs. 60.7%). Acute (in particular intractable) rejection was less frequent in the FK 506 group (e. g. cumulative intractable rejection rate at 6 months, 6.2% vs. 22.6%). In a single centre (Kings College Hospital), 17 patients were studied in more detail. The FK 506 treatment group had improved graft function, lower steroid requirements and episodes of infection. Accompanying these benefits, apache 111 and TISS scores were lower in this group in the early posttransplant period. Intensive care discharge was earlier and both treatment groups experienced similar toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Devlin
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Bismuth H, Samuel D, Neuhaus P, McMaster P, Calne R, Pichlmayr R, Otto G, Williams R, Groth C. Focus on intractable rejection: 6-month results of the European multicentre liver study of FK 506 and cyclosporin A. Transpl Int 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S3-6. [PMID: 11271231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1994.tb01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of intractable rejection was evaluated during the course of a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group study comparing the efficacy and safety of FK 506 and conventional cyclosporin A-based immunosuppressive regimens in patients undergoing primary liver transplantation. A diagnosis of intractable rejection was made if there was histological evidence of unchanged or worsening acute rejection, or chronic rejection after two discrete courses of antirejection therapy. Antirejection regimens were specific to each centre. Patients who experienced intractable rejection could be withdrawn from the study. Patients who were withdrawn from the cyclosporin A treatment group could subsequently receive FK 506 therapy and vice-versa. Intractable rejection was diagnosed in 32/540 patients (5.9%): 7/267 patients (2.6%) in the FK 506 treatment group and 25/273 patients (9.2%) receiving cyclosporin A therapy (P < 0.01). Of these 32 patients, 25 were withdrawn from the study: 3 and 22, from the FK 506 and cyclosporin A treatment groups, respectively. All three patients withdrawn from the FK 506 treatment group are alive: two having undergone retransplantation. Of the 22 patients withdrawn from the cyclosporin A group and converted to FK 506 therapy, 6 were retransplanted, 4 of whom subsequently died. A further two patients died without retransplantation. Thus, in 14 of the 16 patients who were still alive at 6 months, the liver graft was saved after conversion to FK 506 treatment. The reduced incidence of intractable rejection in patients receiving treatment with FK 506, together with the successful rescue of patients developing intractable rejection while receiving cyclosporin A, suggests that FK 506 is an effective immunosuppressive agent following orthotopic liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bismuth
- Service de Chirurgie, H pital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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32
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Neuhaus P, McMaster P, Calne R, Pichlmayr R, Otto G, Williams R, Bismuth H, Groth C. Neurological complications in the European multicentre study of FK 506 and cyclosporin in primary liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S27-31. [PMID: 11271222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1994.tb01305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurological complications were examined in a multicentre, randomized, parallel-group study of 545 patients undergoing primary liver transplantation to compare the efficacy and safety of FK 506- and cyclosporin A-based immunosuppressive regimens (CBIR). In an additional analysis, patients were divided into early and late randomized cohorts to detect the influence of protocol amendements that allowed for FK 506 dose reductions. Initial follow-up was for 6 months. Tremor, headache and insomnia were the most frequently reported adverse events involving the neurological system. Whereas these neurological symptoms were observed significantly more often in FK 506-treated patients (P < 0.05 vs. CsA for the overall population), this was no longer the case for the late FK 506 and CBIR cohorts. The risk of FK 506-treated patients developing tremor was related to the initial i.v. dose, the rate of administration of the i.v. dose and the daily dose (P < 0.01). Headache was significantly correlated with the FK 506 dose (P < 0.05), and insomnia was not related to any dosing variable. Major neurological symptoms, including psychosis, convulsion, coma, aphasia and intracranial haemorrhage, were reported with a low frequency (0.4-5.2%), and differences between both treatment groups were neither significant for the overall population nor for the early and late cohorts of FK 506 and CBIR. Data from the late cohorts showed no differences in the overall incidence of neurological adverse events between FK 506- and CBIR-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neuhaus
- Free University of Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Department of Surgery, Germany
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33
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Abstract
Sequencing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear and mitochondrial genomes provided a new background for studies on the evolution of the genomes. In this study, mitochondrial genomes of a number of Saccharomyces yeasts were mapped by restriction enzyme analysis, the orders of the genes were determined, and two of the genes were sequenced. The genome organization, i.e., the size, presence of intergenic sequences, and gene order, as well as polymorphism within the coding regions, indicate that Saccharomyces mtDNA molecules are dynamic structures and have undergone numerous changes during their evolution. Since the separation and sexual isolation of different yeast lineages, the coding parts have been accumulating point mutations, presumably in a linear manner with the passage of time. However, the accumulation of other changes may not have been a simple function of time. Larger mtDNA molecules belonging to Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts have acquired extensive intergenic sequences, including guanosine-cytosine-rich clusters, and apparently have rearranged the gene order at higher rates than smaller mtDNAs belonging to the Saccharomyces sensu lato yeasts. While within the sensu stricto group transposition has been a predominant mechanism for the creation of novel gene orders, the sensu lato yeasts could have used both transposition- and inversion-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Groth
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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34
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Bennet W, Sundberg B, Elgue G, Brendel M, Richards A, White DJ, Groth C, Korsgren O. Complement regulatory proteins on human and porcine nontransgenic and hDAF transgenic islet cells: expression and role in susceptibility to lysis by human serum. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1066. [PMID: 10936358 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Bennet
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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35
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Bennet W, Sundberg B, Song Z, Elgue G, Wennberg L, Richards A, White DJ, Larsson R, Nilsson B, Groth C, Korsgren O. Porcine islets of langerhans isolated from normal and hDAF transgenic pigs elicit the same acute inflammatory reaction during exposure to human blood; inhibition of the response with soluble complement receptor 1 and heparin. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1065. [PMID: 10936357 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Bennet
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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36
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Abstract
The Saccharomyces sp. CID1 isolate (CBS 8614) and several other Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeasts were analysed for their mitochondrial and nuclear genes. The data show that Saccharomyces sp. CID1, found so far only in one location in Europe, is a natural hybrid between three different Saccharomyces yeast species. Two of them, Saccharomyces cerevisiae-like and Saccharomyces bayanus-like, are ubiquitous and contributed parts of the nuclear genome; the third, Saccharomyces sp. IFO 1802-like, which has been found only in Japan, contributed the mitochondrial DNA molecule. These data suggest that the yeast cell is able to accommodate, express and propagate genetic material that originates from different species, and the very existence of the resulting natural hybrids indicates that such hybrids are well adapted to their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Groth
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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37
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Masneuf I, Hansen J, Groth C, Piskur J, Dubourdieu D. New hybrids between Saccharomyces sensu stricto yeast species found among wine and cider production strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:3887-92. [PMID: 9758815 PMCID: PMC106574 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.10.3887-3892.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two yeast isolates, a wine-making yeast first identified as a Mel+ strain (ex. S. uvarum) and a cider-making yeast, were characterized for their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Electrophoretic karyotyping analyses, restriction fragment length polymorphism maps of PCR-amplified MET2 gene fragments, and the sequence analysis of a part of the two MET2 gene alleles found support the notion that these two strains constitute hybrids between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus. The two hybrid strains had completely different restriction patterns of mitochondrial DNA as well as different sequences of the OLI1 gene. The sequence of the OLI1 gene from the wine hybrid strain appeared to be the same as that of the S. cerevisiae gene, whereas the OLI1 gene of the cider hybrid strain is equally divergent from both putative parents, S. bayanus and S. cerevisiae. Some fermentative properties were also examined, and one phenotype was found to reflect the hybrid nature of these two strains. The origin and nature of such hybridization events are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Masneuf
- Faculté d'Oenologie de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France.
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38
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Piskur J, Smole S, Groth C, Petersen RF, Pedersen MB. Structure and genetic stability of mitochondrial genomes vary among yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1998; 48 Pt 3:1015-24. [PMID: 9734058 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-48-3-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several yeast species/isolates belonging to the genus Saccharomyces were examined for the organization of their mtDNAs and ability to generate petite mutants. A general characteristic for all of the mtDNAs tested was that they were very A+T-rich. However, restriction patterns and inducibility of petite mutations revealed a great diversity in the organization and genetic behaviour of mtDNAs. One group of yeasts, Saccharomyces sensu stricto, contains mtDNA ranging in size from 64 to 85 kb. mtDNAs form these yeasts contain a high number of restriction sites that are recognized by the enzymes Haelll and Mspl, which cut specifically in G+C clusters. There are three to nine ori/rep sequences per genome. These yeasts spontaneously generate respiration deficient mutants. Ethidium bromide (Et-Br), at low concentrations, induces a majority of cells to give rise to petites. A second group of yeasts, Saccharomyces sensu lato, contains smaller mtDNAs, ranging in size from 23 to 48 kb, and probably only a few intergenic G+C clusters and no ori/rep sequences. These yeasts also generate petite clones spontaneously. but Et-Br, even when present at high concentrations, does not substantially increase the frequency of petites. In most petite clones from these yeasts only a small fragment of the wild-type molecule is retained and apparently multiplied. A third group, represented by Saccharomyces kluyveri, does not give rise to petite mutants either spontaneously or after induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Piskur
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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39
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Nies C, Bauknecht F, Groth C, Clerici T, Bartsch D, Lange J, Rothmund M. [Intraoperative cholangiography as a routine method? A prospective, controlled, randomized study]. Chirurg 1997; 68:892-7. [PMID: 9410677 DOI: 10.1007/s001040050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A prospective, controlled, randomized trial was conducted in 275 patients with symptomatic gall stone disease, whose history, laboratory data or sonographical findings did not suggest common bile duct stones. Of these patients, 137 did not undergo intraoperative fluoroscopic cholangiography (IOC), but in the remaining 138 patients IOC was attempted. In 111 cases (80.4%) the biliary system was sufficiently visualized. In 3 patients (2.7%) calculi in the cystic or common bile duct were diagnosed, which would have been overlooked without IOC. IOC was false-positive in one case. One year after the operation the patients were asked to return for a follow-up examination. Three patients in the group without IOC had had symptomatic passage of a stone, and one had a common bile duct stone removed by endoscopic papillotomy. A retained stone was discussed as etiology for a pancreatitis in a fifth patient in this group. No patient sustained long-term sequelae from the retained common bile duct stones. None of the patients in the IOC group had evidence of cholangiolithiasis at follow-up. There was no difference between the study groups concerning the incidence of post-operative complications. The operations with IOC lasted significantly longer (92 +/- 31 min vs 77 +/- 28 min). According to our data and those published earlier, the additional financial and logistic expenditure associated with routine IOC is not justified. Patients with the preoperative suspicion of a common bile duct stone should have endoscopic bile duct clearance (ERCP and EPT) prior to cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nies
- Klinik für Allgemeinchirurgie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
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40
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Williams R, Neuhaus P, Bismuth H, McMaster P, Pichlmayr R, Calne R, Otto G, Groth C. Two-year data from the European multicentre tacrolimus (FK506) liver study. Transpl Int 1997. [PMID: 8959812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1996.tb01592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To provide a more definitive assessment of the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus therapy in comparison with cyclosporin, the extended follow-up of the European multicentre study is reported. Two-year Kaplan-Meier estimates indicated significant reductions in acute (tacrolimus 45.4%, cyclosporin 55.8%; P = 0.006), refractory (1.2% versus 6.4%; P = 0.003) and chronic rejection (2.0% versus 6.9%; P = 0.015) despite significantly lower steroid usage in patients receiving tacrolimus therapy. Patient and graft survival rates (80.6% versus 74.8% and 74.5% versus 70.0%, respectively) were also superior, although these failed to reach statistical significance. Safety profiles were comparable for most major categories (including renal, neurological and glucose metabolic disorders) and in certain aspects were more favourable for tacrolimus. Hypertension (28.0% versus 39.6%, P < 0.01) and cytomegalovirus infection (14.8% versus 22.3%, P < 0.01), two events with important long-term clinical consequences, were reported significantly less frequently. Hirsutism (0.0% versus 8.7%, P < 0.01) and gum hyperplasia (0.0% versus 2.3%, P < 0.05) were absent in patients receiving tacrolimus. Tacrolimus appears to provide effective and safe long-term immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Williams
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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41
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Halloran P, Mathew T, Tomlanovich S, Groth C, Hooftman L, Barker C. Mycophenolate mofetil in renal allograft recipients: a pooled efficacy analysis of three randomized, double-blind, clinical studies in prevention of rejection. The International Mycophenolate Mofetil Renal Transplant Study Groups. Transplantation 1997; 63:39-47. [PMID: 9000658 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199701150-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for more effective and less toxic immunosuppressive agents to control transplant rejection has led to the extensive testing of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in clinical renal transplantation. METHODS A pooled analysis of three phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trials conducted in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia was performed to further characterize the efficacy of MMF in renal allograft recipients. The three studies enrolled a total of 1493 patients. Triple- and quadruple-therapy regimens of cyclosporine, corticosteroids, and standardized MMF dosages with and without antilymphocyte induction were used: MMF in twice-daily doses of 1.0 g or 1.5 g (MMF 2 g or 3 g) was compared with placebo (PLA) or azathioprine (AZA). The primary efficacy endpoint in the individual trials was biopsy-proven rejection or treatment failure at 6 months. This pooled analysis focused on graft loss, patient death, incidence and treatment of rejection episodes, and graft function (serum creatinine) at 1 year. RESULTS At 1 year, the graft survival rate was 90.4% and 89.2% in the MMF 2 g and 3 g groups, respectively, compared with 87.6% in the PLA/AZA group. This difference was not statistically significant. MMF significantly reduced the incidence of rejection episodes: 40.8% for PLA/AZA patients versus 19.8% and 16.5% for the MMF 2 g and MMF 3 g groups, respectively. Renal function was consistently better for both MMF treatment groups at 3, 6, and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS MMF proved superior to AZA as a posttransplant immunosuppressant in conjunction with cyclosporine and corticosteroids. MMF-treated groups showed reduced incidence and severity of rejection episodes, similar graft survival, and better graft function over 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Halloran
- University of Alberta Hospitals, Edmonton, Canada
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42
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Williams R, Neuhaus P, Bismuth H, McMaster P, Pichlmayr R, Calne R, Otto G, Groth C. Two-year data from the European multicentre tacrolimus (FK506) liver study. Transpl Int 1996; 9 Suppl 1:S144-50. [PMID: 8959812 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-00818-8_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To provide a more definitive assessment of the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus therapy in comparison with cyclosporin, the extended follow-up of the European multicentre study is reported. Two-year Kaplan-Meier estimates indicated significant reductions in acute (tacrolimus 45.4%, cyclosporin 55.8%; P = 0.006), refractory (1.2% versus 6.4%; P = 0.003) and chronic rejection (2.0% versus 6.9%; P = 0.015) despite significantly lower steroid usage in patients receiving tacrolimus therapy. Patient and graft survival rates (80.6% versus 74.8% and 74.5% versus 70.0%, respectively) were also superior, although these failed to reach statistical significance. Safety profiles were comparable for most major categories (including renal, neurological and glucose metabolic disorders) and in certain aspects were more favourable for tacrolimus. Hypertension (28.0% versus 39.6%, P < 0.01) and cytomegalovirus infection (14.8% versus 22.3%, P < 0.01), two events with important long-term clinical consequences, were reported significantly less frequently. Hirsutism (0.0% versus 8.7%, P < 0.01) and gum hyperplasia (0.0% versus 2.3%, P < 0.05) were absent in patients receiving tacrolimus. Tacrolimus appears to provide effective and safe long-term immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Williams
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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43
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Söderdahl G, Duraj F, Wahlberg J, Groth C, Ericzon BG. Hepatic malignancies, a controversial indication for liver replacement: 10 year experience from a Scandinavian center. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:3495-6. [PMID: 8540066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Söderdahl
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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44
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Tydén G, Tibell A, Brattström C, Sandberg J, Groth C. Experience with 150 pancreatic transplants. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:3493-4. [PMID: 8540065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Tydén
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Kozlowski T, Tibell A, Morpurgo E, Sundberg B, Sundin U, Groth C. Suppression of immunoglobulin resynthesis after plasmapheresis: efficacy of various immunosuppressive drugs--a study in rats. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:3545-6. [PMID: 8540094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kozlowski
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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46
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Albrechtsen D, Flatmark A, Lundgren G, Brynger H, Frödin L, Groth C, Gäbel H, Thorsby E. Renal transplantation from HLA-haploidentical living donors. Efficacy of cyclosporine in a multicenter study. Transplant Proc 1987; 19:3579-81. [PMID: 2960040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Albrechtsen
- National Hospital, Department of Surgery, Oslo, Norway
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47
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Groth C. [Special considerations in the care and treatment of the aged]. ZFA (Stuttgart) 1980; 56:1176-81. [PMID: 7424130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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48
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Buroker T, Wojtaszak B, Dindogru A, DeMattia M, Baker L, Groth C, Vaitkevicius VK. Phase II trial of ftorafur with mitomycin C versus ftorafur with methyl-CCNU in untreated colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 1978; 62:689-92. [PMID: 350398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to substitute ftorafur for burdensome 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusions, 52 previously untreated patients were randomized to receive ftorafur with either mitomycin C or methyl-CCNU. Ftorafur was administered monthly as a 2-hour infusion daily x 5 days. Mitomycin C and methyl-CCNU were repeated every 8 weeks. A response rate of 27% (seven responses among 26 patients) was demonstrated on the mitomycin C arm compared to a response rate of 15% (four responses among 26 patients) on the methyl-CCNU arm (P = 0.25). There was no significant difference in the median survival between treatment arms. Central nervous system toxicity occurred in greater than 30% of the patients and appeared to be the limiting factor with ftorafur administration. Alternate schedules of ftorafur should be explored since there appears to be little advantage of a daily ftorafur schedule over conventional 5-FU infusions.
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49
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Halgrimson CG, Penn I, Booth A, Groth C, Putnam CW, Corman J, Starzl TE. Eight- to ten-year follow-up in early cases of renal homotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1973; 5:787-91. [PMID: 4572141 PMCID: PMC2840707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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