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Poquérusse J, Nolan M, Thorburn DR, Van Hove JLK, Friederich MW, Love DR, Taylor J, Powell CA, Minczuk M, Snell RG, Lehnert K, Glamuzina E, Jacobsen JC. Severe neonatal onset neuroregression with paroxysmal dystonia and apnoea: Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of CARS2-related mitochondrial disease. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:223-232. [PMID: 37151360 PMCID: PMC10159863 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of mitochondrial function are a collectively common group of genetic diseases in which deficits in core mitochondrial translation machinery, including aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, are key players. Biallelic variants in the CARS2 gene (NM_024537.4), which encodes the mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for cysteine (CARS2, mt-aaRScys; MIM*612800), result in childhood onset epileptic encephalopathy and complex movement disorder with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency (MIM#616672). Prior to this report, eight unique pathogenic variants in the CARS2 gene had been reported in seven individuals. Here, we describe a male who presented in the third week of life with apnoea. He rapidly deteriorated with paroxysmal dystonic crises and apnoea resulting in death at 16 weeks. He had no evidence of seizure activity or multisystem disease and had normal brain imaging. Skeletal muscle biopsy revealed a combined disorder of oxidative phosphorylation. Whole-exome sequencing identified biallelic variants in the CARS2 gene: one novel (c.1478T>C, p.Phe493Ser), and one previously reported (c.655G>A, p.Ala219Thr; rs727505361). Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from the patient's fibroblasts confirmed a clear defect in aminoacylation of the mitochondrial tRNA for cysteine (mt-tRNACys). To our knowledge, this is the earliest reported case of CARS2 deficiency with severe, early onset dystonia and apnoea, without epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Poquérusse
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Centre for Brain ResearchThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Melinda Nolan
- Department of NeurologyStarship Children's HealthAucklandNew Zealand
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Johan L. K. Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Marisa W. Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Donald R. Love
- Diagnostic GeneticsLabPLUS, Auckland City HospitalAucklandNew Zealand
- Present address:
Division Chief, Pathology GeneticsSidra MedicineDohaQatar
| | - Juliet Taylor
- Genetic Health Service New ZealandAuckland City HospitalAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Russell G. Snell
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Centre for Brain ResearchThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Centre for Brain ResearchThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Emma Glamuzina
- Adult and Paediatric National Metabolic ServiceAuckland City HospitalAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jessie C. Jacobsen
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Centre for Brain ResearchThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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2
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Burr SP, Klimm F, Glynos A, Prater M, Sendon P, Nash P, Powell CA, Simard ML, Bonekamp NA, Charl J, Diaz H, Bozhilova LV, Nie Y, Zhang H, Frison M, Falkenberg M, Jones N, Minczuk M, Stewart JB, Chinnery PF. Cell lineage-specific mitochondrial resilience during mammalian organogenesis. Cell 2023; 186:1212-1229.e21. [PMID: 36827974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity differs markedly between organs, but it is not known how and when this arises. Here we show that cell lineage-specific expression profiles involving essential mitochondrial genes emerge at an early stage in mouse development, including tissue-specific isoforms present before organ formation. However, the nuclear transcriptional signatures were not independent of organelle function. Genetically disrupting intra-mitochondrial protein synthesis with two different mtDNA mutations induced cell lineage-specific compensatory responses, including molecular pathways not previously implicated in organellar maintenance. We saw downregulation of genes whose expression is known to exacerbate the effects of exogenous mitochondrial toxins, indicating a transcriptional adaptation to mitochondrial dysfunction during embryonic development. The compensatory pathways were both tissue and mutation specific and under the control of transcription factors which promote organelle resilience. These are likely to contribute to the tissue specificity which characterizes human mitochondrial diseases and are potential targets for organ-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Burr
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Klimm
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK; EPSRC Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Imperial College, London, UK; Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelos Glynos
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malwina Prater
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pamella Sendon
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pavel Nash
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nina A Bonekamp
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Centre for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Charl
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Otto-Fischer-Strasse 12-14, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hector Diaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Lyuba V Bozhilova
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu Nie
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Frison
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Falkenberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Nick Jones
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Stewart
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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Van Haute L, O'Connor E, Díaz-Maldonado H, Munro B, Polavarapu K, Hock DH, Arunachal G, Athanasiou-Fragkouli A, Bardhan M, Barth M, Bonneau D, Brunetti-Pierri N, Cappuccio G, Caruana NJ, Dominik N, Goel H, Helman G, Houlden H, Lenaers G, Mention K, Murphy D, Nandeesh B, Olimpio C, Powell CA, Preethish-Kumar V, Procaccio V, Rius R, Rebelo-Guiomar P, Simons C, Vengalil S, Zaki MS, Ziegler A, Thorburn DR, Stroud DA, Maroofian R, Christodoulou J, Gustafsson C, Nalini A, Lochmüller H, Minczuk M, Horvath R. TEFM variants impair mitochondrial transcription causing childhood-onset neurological disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1009. [PMID: 36823193 PMCID: PMC9950373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes are associated with a diverse group of human disorders characterized by impaired mitochondrial respiration. Within this group, an increasing number of mutations have been identified in nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial RNA biology. The TEFM gene encodes the mitochondrial transcription elongation factor responsible for enhancing the processivity of mitochondrial RNA polymerase, POLRMT. We report for the first time that TEFM variants are associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency and a wide range of clinical presentations including mitochondrial myopathy with a treatable neuromuscular transmission defect. Mechanistically, we show muscle and primary fibroblasts from the affected individuals have reduced levels of promoter distal mitochondrial RNA transcripts. Finally, tefm knockdown in zebrafish embryos resulted in neuromuscular junction abnormalities and abnormal mitochondrial function, strengthening the genotype-phenotype correlation. Our study highlights that TEFM regulates mitochondrial transcription elongation and its defect results in variable, tissue-specific neurological and neuromuscular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Van Haute
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Emily O'Connor
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Héctor Díaz-Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Munro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Gautham Arunachal
- Department of Human genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Alkyoni Athanasiou-Fragkouli
- UCL London, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Magalie Barth
- Department of Genetics, Mitovasc INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Genetics, Mitovasc INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via s. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via s. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nikeisha J Caruana
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Natalia Dominik
- UCL London, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Himanshu Goel
- Hunter Genetics, Waratah, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Guy Helman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Henry Houlden
- UCL London, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Department of Genetics, Mitovasc INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Karine Mention
- Pediatric Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - David Murphy
- UCL London, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bevinahalli Nandeesh
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Catarina Olimpio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Vincent Procaccio
- Department of Genetics, Mitovasc INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Rocio Rius
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Cas Simons
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Department of Genetics, Mitovasc INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - David R Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Reza Maroofian
- UCL London, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Claes Gustafsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Silva-Pinheiro P, Mutti CD, Van Haute L, Powell CA, Nash PA, Turner K, Minczuk M. A library of base editors for the precise ablation of all protein-coding genes in the mouse mitochondrial genome. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 7:692-703. [PMID: 36470976 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of curative treatments for mitochondrial diseases, which are often caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that impair energy metabolism and other aspects of cellular homoeostasis, is hindered by an incomplete understanding of the underlying biology and a scarcity of cellular and animal models. Here we report the design and application of a library of double-stranded-DNA deaminase-derived cytosine base editors optimized for the precise ablation of every mtDNA protein-coding gene in the mouse mitochondrial genome. We used the library, which we named MitoKO, to produce near-homoplasmic knockout cells in vitro and to generate a mouse knockout with high heteroplasmy levels and no off-target edits. MitoKO should facilitate systematic and comprehensive investigations of mtDNA-related pathways and their impact on organismal homoeostasis, and aid the generation of clinically meaningful in vivo models of mtDNA dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian D Mutti
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lindsey Van Haute
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Pavel A Nash
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keira Turner
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Powell CA, Modi S, Iwata H, Takahashi S, Smit EF, Siena S, Chang DY, Macpherson E, Qin A, Singh J, Taitt C, Shire N, Camidge DR. Pooled analysis of drug-related interstitial lung disease and/or pneumonitis in nine trastuzumab deruxtecan monotherapy studies. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100554. [PMID: 35963179 PMCID: PMC9434416 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This pooled analysis of nine phase I and II trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) monotherapy studies described drug-related interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis in patients treated with T-DXd. Methods Patients who received T-DXd across nine studies were included. Investigator-assessed ILD/pneumonitis events were retrospectively reviewed by an independent adjudication committee; events adjudicated as drug-related ILD/pneumonitis are summarized. Results The analysis included 1150 patients (breast cancer, 44.3%; gastric cancer, 25.6%; lung cancer, 17.7%; colorectal cancer, 9.3%; other cancer, 3.0%). Median treatment duration was 5.8 (range, 0.7-56.3) months, with a median of 4 (range, 1-27) prior lines of therapy. The overall incidence of adjudicated drug-related ILD/pneumonitis was 15.4% (grade 5, 2.2%). Most patients with ILD/pneumonitis experienced low-grade events (grade 1 or 2, 77.4%); 87.0% had their first event within 12 months [median, 5.4 (range, <0.1-46.8) months] of their first dose of T-DXd. Based on data review, adjudicated ILD/pneumonitis onset occurred earlier than identified by investigators for 53.2% of events [median difference in onset date, 43 (range, 1-499) days]. Stepwise Cox regression identified several baseline factors potentially associated with increased risk of adjudicated drug-related ILD/pneumonitis: age <65 years, enrollment in Japan, T-DXd dose >6.4 mg/kg, oxygen saturation <95%, moderate/severe renal impairment, presence of lung comorbidities, and time since initial diagnosis >4 years. Conclusions In this pooled analysis of heavily treated patients, the incidence of ILD/pneumonitis was 15.4%, with most being low grade and occurring in the first 12 months of treatment. The benefit–risk of T-DXd treatment is positive; however, some patients may be at increased risk of developing ILD/pneumonitis, and further investigation is needed to confirm ILD/pneumonitis risk factors. Close monitoring and proactive management of ILD/pneumonitis are warranted for all. Interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis is a significant adverse event related to trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). This pooled analysis of nine T-DXd monotherapy studies evaluated ILD/pneumonitis risk in 1150 heavily pretreated patients. Overall incidence of adjudicated T-DXd-related ILD/pneumonitis was 15.4% (grade 1 or 2, 77.4%; grade 5, 2.2%). Within 12 months of their first T-DXd dose, 87.0% of patients had their first event [median, 5.4 (range, <0.1-46.8) months]. Proactive monitoring and prompt diagnosis and management are important to improving ILD/pneumonitis event outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- Catherine and Henry J. Gaisman Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| | - S Modi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - H Iwata
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - S Takahashi
- Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Koto, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E F Smit
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - D-Y Chang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - A Qin
- Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - J Singh
- Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - C Taitt
- Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - N Shire
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, USA
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6
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Ryan DG, Yang M, Prag HA, Blanco GR, Nikitopoulou E, Segarra-Mondejar M, Powell CA, Young T, Burger N, Miljkovic JL, Minczuk M, Murphy MP, von Kriegsheim A, Frezza C. Disruption of the TCA cycle reveals an ATF4-dependent integration of redox and amino acid metabolism. eLife 2021; 10:e72593. [PMID: 34939929 PMCID: PMC8735863 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle is arguably the most critical metabolic cycle in physiology and exists as an essential interface coordinating cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis. Despite decades of research, a comprehensive investigation into the consequences of TCA cycle dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we targeted two TCA cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and combined metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses to fully appraise the consequences of TCA cycle inhibition (TCAi) in murine kidney epithelial cells. Our comparative approach shows that TCAi elicits a convergent rewiring of redox and amino acid metabolism dependent on the activation of ATF4 and the integrated stress response (ISR). Furthermore, we also uncover a divergent metabolic response, whereby acute FHi, but not SDHi, can maintain asparagine levels via reductive carboxylation and maintenance of cytosolic aspartate synthesis. Our work highlights an important interplay between the TCA cycle, redox biology, and amino acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Gerard Ryan
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ming Yang
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Efterpi Nikitopoulou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Marc Segarra-Mondejar
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Powell
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tim Young
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nils Burger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jan Lj Miljkovic
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and CancerEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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7
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D’Souza AR, Van Haute L, Powell CA, Mutti CD, Páleníková P, Rebelo-Guiomar P, Rorbach J, Minczuk M. YbeY is required for ribosome small subunit assembly and tRNA processing in human mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5798-5812. [PMID: 34037799 PMCID: PMC8191802 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contain their own translation apparatus which enables them to produce the polypeptides encoded in their genome. The mitochondrially-encoded RNA components of the mitochondrial ribosome require various post-transcriptional processing steps. Additional protein factors are required to facilitate the biogenesis of the functional mitoribosome. We have characterized a mitochondrially-localized protein, YbeY, which interacts with the assembling mitoribosome through the small subunit. Loss of YbeY leads to a severe reduction in mitochondrial translation and a loss of cell viability, associated with less accurate mitochondrial tRNASer(AGY) processing from the primary transcript and a defect in the maturation of the mitoribosomal small subunit. Our results suggest that YbeY performs a dual, likely independent, function in mitochondria being involved in precursor RNA processing and mitoribosome biogenesis. Issue Section: Nucleic Acid Enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R D’Souza
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lindsey Van Haute
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christian D Mutti
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Petra Páleníková
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Joanna Rorbach
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 122 325 2750;
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8
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Keating C, McCombe D, Powell CA, Maloney P, Ek ET, Tham SK. Reconstruction of the Proximal Scaphoid With a Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteochondral Graft: Minimum 2-Year Results. J Hand Surg Am 2021; 46:248.e1-248.e9. [PMID: 33257054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the clinical and radiological outcomes after medial femoral trochlear (MFT) osteochondral graft for the salvage of proximal scaphoid fractures with a minimum 2-year follow-up. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of patients with comminuted fractures of the proximal scaphoid treated by excision of the proximal pole and replacement with free vascularized MFT osteochondral graft. Demographic data, objective and radiographic measurements, and patient-reported outcome measures of the upper limb and knee were collected. Pain was assessed by completion of a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS Between February 2014 and May 2015, 12 MFT osteochondral grafts were performed. Eight patients were available for follow-up at a mean of 34 months (range, 28-39 months). The mean range of wrist flexion was 31° (range, 15°-60°), extension was 34° (range, 5°-60°), radial deviation was 9° (range, 0°-20°), ulnar deviation was 28° (range, 10°-45°) and grip strength was 42 kg (range, 25-53 kg). The median wrist pain, as measured by VAS, was 0.7 (mean, 1.3; range, 0-6). The average follow-up scapholunate, radiolunate, and radioscaphoid angles were 58.9° (range, 44°-93°), 12.9° (range, 0°-30°), and 46.0° (range, 35°-63°), respectively. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score was 13.9 (range, 3-43) and Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score was 22.4 (range, 2-68). The mean postoperative Oxford Knee Score was 42 (range, 14-48). One patient suffered notable knee pain at 37-month follow-up. One patient suffered notable pain on the radial side of the wrist and underwent scaphoid excision and 4-corner arthrodesis. CONCLUSIONS Replacement of the fragmented proximal scaphoid by MFT graft is an alternative to other salvage options and most patients can expect pain relief and acceptable wrist motion. These results need to be balanced against the potential for donor-site morbidity. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Keating
- Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David McCombe
- Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory (HWBL), O'Brien Institute, St. Vincent Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Maloney
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dandenong Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eugene T Ek
- Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory (HWBL), O'Brien Institute, St. Vincent Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dandenong Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen K Tham
- Hand Surgery Unit, Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory (HWBL), O'Brien Institute, St. Vincent Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dandenong Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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9
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Abstract
RNA species play host to a plethora of post-transcriptional modifications which together make up the epitranscriptome. 5-methyluridine (m5U) is one of the most common modifications made to cellular RNA, where it is found almost ubiquitously in bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic tRNAs at position 54. Here, we demonstrate that m5U54 in human mitochondrial tRNAs is catalysed by the nuclear-encoded enzyme TRMT2B, and that its repertoire of substrates is expanded to ribosomal RNAs, catalysing m5U429 in 12S rRNA. We show that TRMT2B is not essential for viability in human cells and that knocking-out the gene shows no obvious phenotype with regards to RNA stability, mitochondrial translation, or cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Van Haute L, Hendrick AG, D'Souza AR, Powell CA, Rebelo-Guiomar P, Harbour ME, Ding S, Fearnley IM, Andrews B, Minczuk M. METTL15 introduces N4-methylcytidine into human mitochondrial 12S rRNA and is required for mitoribosome biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:10267-10281. [PMID: 31665743 PMCID: PMC6821322 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional RNA modifications, the epitranscriptome, play important roles in modulating the functions of RNA species. Modifications of rRNA are key for ribosome production and function. Identification and characterization of enzymes involved in epitranscriptome shaping is instrumental for the elucidation of the functional roles of specific RNA modifications. Ten modified sites have been thus far identified in the mammalian mitochondrial rRNA. Enzymes responsible for two of these modifications have not been characterized. Here, we identify METTL15, show that it is the main N4-methylcytidine (m4C) methyltransferase in human cells and demonstrate that it is responsible for the methylation of position C839 in mitochondrial 12S rRNA. We show that the lack of METTL15 results in a reduction of the mitochondrial de novo protein synthesis and decreased steady-state levels of protein components of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Without functional METTL15, the assembly of the mitochondrial ribosome is decreased, with the late assembly components being unable to be incorporated efficiently into the small subunit. We speculate that m4C839 is involved in the stabilization of 12S rRNA folding, therefore facilitating the assembly of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunits. Taken together our data show that METTL15 is a novel protein necessary for efficient translation in human mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Van Haute
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alan G Hendrick
- STORM Therapeutics Limited, Moneta Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Aaron R D'Souza
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Michael E Harbour
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,STORM Therapeutics Limited, Moneta Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Shujing Ding
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Byron Andrews
- STORM Therapeutics Limited, Moneta Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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11
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Saoura M, Powell CA, Kopajtich R, Alahmad A, AL‐Balool HH, Albash B, Alfadhel M, Alston CL, Bertini E, Bonnen PE, Bratkovic D, Carrozzo R, Donati MA, Di Nottia M, Ghezzi D, Goldstein A, Haan E, Horvath R, Hughes J, Invernizzi F, Lamantea E, Lucas B, Pinnock K, Pujantell M, Rahman S, Rebelo‐Guiomar P, Santra S, Verrigni D, McFarland R, Prokisch H, Taylor RW, Levinger L, Minczuk M. Mutations in ELAC2 associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy impair mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1731-1748. [PMID: 31045291 PMCID: PMC6764886 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in either the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes are associated with a diverse group of human disorders characterized by impaired mitochondrial respiration. Within this group, an increasing number of mutations have been identified in nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial RNA metabolism, including ELAC2. The ELAC2 gene codes for the mitochondrial RNase Z, responsible for endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3' ends of mitochondrial pre-tRNAs. Here, we report the identification of 16 novel ELAC2 variants in individuals presenting with mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and lactic acidosis. We provide evidence for the pathogenicity of the novel missense variants by studying the RNase Z activity in an in vitro system. We also modeled the residues affected by a missense mutation in solved RNase Z structures, providing insight into enzyme structure and function. Finally, we show that primary fibroblasts from the affected individuals have elevated levels of unprocessed mitochondrial RNA precursors. Our study thus broadly confirms the correlation of ELAC2 variants with severe infantile-onset forms of HCM and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. One rare missense variant associated with the occurrence of prostate cancer (p.Arg781His) impairs the mitochondrial RNase Z activity of ELAC2, suggesting a functional link between tumorigenesis and mitochondrial RNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Kopajtich
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Institute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Ahmad Alahmad
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Kuwait Medical Genetics CenterKuwait CityKuwait
| | | | | | - Majid Alfadhel
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research CentreKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte L. Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular MedicineBambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Penelope E. Bonnen
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- Metabolic ClinicWomen's and Children's HospitalNorth AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular MedicineBambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | - Michela Di Nottia
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular MedicineBambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier ProgramChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Eric Haan
- Metabolic ClinicWomen's and Children's HospitalNorth AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rita Horvath
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Joanne Hughes
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic DisordersTemple Street Children's University HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Federica Invernizzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Benjamin Lucas
- York CollegeThe City University of New YorkJamaicaNew York
| | | | | | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research GroupUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Pedro Rebelo‐Guiomar
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied BiologyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Clinical Inherited Metabolic DisordersBirmingham Children's HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - Daniela Verrigni
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular MedicineBambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Robert McFarland
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Institute of Human GeneticsTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Louis Levinger
- York CollegeThe City University of New YorkJamaicaNew York
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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12
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Van Haute L, Lee SY, McCann BJ, Powell CA, Bansal D, Vasiliauskaitė L, Garone C, Shin S, Kim JS, Frye M, Gleeson JG, Miska EA, Rhee HW, Minczuk M. NSUN2 introduces 5-methylcytosines in mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8720-8733. [PMID: 31276587 PMCID: PMC6822013 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of human mitochondrial DNA is indispensable for proper function of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. The mitochondrial genome encodes 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and 11 mRNAs and their post-transcriptional modification constitutes one of the key regulatory steps during mitochondrial gene expression. Cytosine-5 methylation (m5C) has been detected in mitochondrial transcriptome, however its biogenesis has not been investigated in details. Mammalian NOP2/Sun RNA Methyltransferase Family Member 2 (NSUN2) has been characterized as an RNA methyltransferase introducing m5C in nuclear-encoded tRNAs, mRNAs and microRNAs and associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, with pathogenic variants in NSUN2 being linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we employ spatially restricted proximity labelling and immunodetection to demonstrate that NSUN2 is imported into the matrix of mammalian mitochondria. Using three genetic models for NSUN2 inactivation-knockout mice, patient-derived fibroblasts and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in human cells-we show that NSUN2 is necessary for the generation of m5C at positions 48, 49 and 50 of several mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs. Finally, we show that inactivation of NSUN2 does not have a profound effect on mitochondrial tRNA stability and oxidative phosphorylation in differentiated cells. We discuss the importance of the newly discovered function of NSUN2 in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Van Haute
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Song-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Beverly J McCann
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dhiru Bansal
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Lina Vasiliauskaitė
- STORM Therapeutics Limited, Moneta Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Caterina Garone
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Michaela Frye
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
- German Cancer Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Eric A Miska
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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13
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Powell CA, Camidge DR, Gemma A, Kusumoto M, Baba T, Kuwano K, Bankier A, Kiura K, Tamura K, Modi S, Tsurutani J, Doi T, Iwata H, Krop IE, Zhang L, Jasmeet S, Saito K, Shahidi J, Yver A, Takahashi S. Abstract P6-17-06: Characterization, monitoring and management of interstitial lung disease in patients with metastatic breast cancer: Analysis of data available from multiple studies of DS-8201a, a HER2-targeted antibody drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-17-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several classes of anti-cancer agents including certain immunotherapies, systemic chemotherapies, and targeted therapies including trastuzumab and T-DM1 increase the risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and fatal cases have been reported. For DS-8201a, interim efficacy and safety analyses of available data established a final recommended dose of 5.4 mg/kg IV q3wk in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). Based on preliminary clinical results, ILD was identified as an important risk for DS-8201a. A robust monitoring and management plan was established across all studies and an international, independent ILD adjudication committee (AC) reviews the cases reported as ILD on an ongoing basis.
Methods: All subjects (sbj) who received ≥1 dose of DS-8201a across 7 ongoing studies were included in this analysis. Reported ILD (standardized MedDRA Query terms) included the terms ILD, pneumonitis, and organizing pneumonia. ILD frequencies were calculated based on investigator's assessment and after adjudication. The analysis of potential risk factors associated with ILD is ongoing.
Results: As of 21 June 2018, 448 sbj received ≥1 dose of DS-8201a across multiple tumor types, including BC. Of the 321 sbj with BC, 173 (53.9%) were from Japan, 103 (32.1%) from the US, and 45 (14.0%) from 6 other countries (Spain, South Korea, Taiwan, Belgium, France, and Italy). These sbj received 1 of 7 doses of DS-8201a (0.8 mg/kg: 3 sbjs, 1.6 mg/kg: 1 sbj, 3.2 mg/kg: 3 sbjs, 5.4 mg/kg: 111 sbjs, 6.4 mg/kg: 178 sbj, 7.4 mg/kg: 20 sbj, 8.0 mg/kg: 5 sbj). Overall, 44 cases of potential ILD were reported by the investigators across all tumor types (44/448, 9.8%; Grade ≥3 10/448, 2.2%). In sbj with BC who received 5.4 mg/kg, any grade and Grade ≥3 investigator-reported ILD were 7.2% (8/111) and 0.9% (1/111), respectively. The ILD AC assessed 30 of 44 cases; 22 were considered drug-related ILD, 4 were ILD but not drug-related, and 4 were found not to be ILD. For adjudicated drug-related ILD cases, the median time to onset was 159 (range; 46-591) days from the time of first dose.
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 All Grades All tumors, All doses (N=448) Investigator-reported20 (4.5)14 (3.1)4 (0.9)1 (0.2)5 (1.1)44 (9.8)Cases adjudicated13840530Adjudicated as drug-related ILD9 (2.0)6 (1.3)3 (0.7)04 (0.9)22 (4.9) BC, All doses (N=321) Investigator-reported17 (5.3)11 (3.4)3 (0.9)1 (0.3)4 (1.2)36 (11.2)Cases adjudicated11830426Adjudicated as drug-related ILD8 (2.5)6 (1.9)3 (0.9)04 (1.2)21 (6.5) BC, 5.4 mg/kg (N=111) Investigator-reported4 (3.6)3 (2.7)001 (0.9)8 (7.2)Cases adjudicated120014Adjudicated as drug-related ILD00001 (0.9)1 (0.9)n (%), except where noted
Conclusions: These analyses confirm that ILD is an important identified risk for DS-8201a. Further analyses are ongoing to better understand the potential risk factors associated with the incidence of on-treatment ILD. When ILD is suspected, early diagnosis through appropriate imaging, laboratory tests, and pulmonary consultation as well as prompt management with steroids are recommended.
Citation Format: Powell CA, Camidge DR, Gemma A, Kusumoto M, Baba T, Kuwano K, Bankier A, Kiura K, Tamura K, Modi S, Tsurutani J, Doi T, Iwata H, Krop IE, Zhang L, Jasmeet S, Saito K, Shahidi J, Yver A, Takahashi S. Characterization, monitoring and management of interstitial lung disease in patients with metastatic breast cancer: Analysis of data available from multiple studies of DS-8201a, a HER2-targeted antibody drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-17-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Powell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - DR Camidge
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Gemma
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kusumoto
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Baba
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kuwano
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Bankier
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kiura
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tamura
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Modi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Tsurutani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Doi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Iwata
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - IE Krop
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Jasmeet
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Saito
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Shahidi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Yver
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Takahashi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO; Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan; Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, NJ; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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de Brouwer AP, Abou Jamra R, Körtel N, Soyris C, Polla DL, Safra M, Zisso A, Powell CA, Rebelo-Guiomar P, Dinges N, Morin V, Stock M, Hussain M, Shahzad M, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM, Pfundt R, Schwarz F, de Boer L, Reis A, Grozeva D, Raymond FL, Riazuddin S, Koolen DA, Minczuk M, Roignant JY, van Bokhoven H, Schwartz S. Variants in PUS7 Cause Intellectual Disability with Speech Delay, Microcephaly, Short Stature, and Aggressive Behavior. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:1045-1052. [PMID: 30526862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe six persons from three families with three homozygous protein truncating variants in PUS7: c.89_90del (p.Thr30Lysfs∗20), c.1348C>T (p.Arg450∗), and a deletion of the penultimate exon 15. All these individuals have intellectual disability with speech delay, short stature, microcephaly, and aggressive behavior. PUS7 encodes the RNA-independent pseudouridylate synthase 7. Pseudouridylation is the most abundant post-transcriptional modification in RNA, which is primarily thought to stabilize secondary structures of RNA. We show that the disease-related variants lead to abolishment of PUS7 activity on both tRNA and mRNA substrates. Moreover, pus7 knockout in Drosophila melanogaster results in a number of behavioral defects, including increased activity, disorientation, and aggressiveness supporting that neurological defects are caused by PUS7 variants. Our findings demonstrate that RNA pseudouridylation by PUS7 is essential for proper neuronal development and function.
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15
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Rebelo-Guiomar P, Powell CA, Van Haute L, Minczuk M. The mammalian mitochondrial epitranscriptome. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2018; 1862:429-446. [PMID: 30529456 PMCID: PMC6414753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Correct expression of the mitochondrially-encoded genes is critical for the production of the components of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. Post-transcriptional modifications of mitochondrial transcripts have been emerging as an important regulatory feature of mitochondrial gene expression. Here we review the current knowledge on how the mammalian mitochondrial epitranscriptome participates in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. In particular, we focus on the latest breakthroughs made towards understanding the roles of the modified nucleotides in mitochondrially-encoded ribosomal and transfer RNAs, the enzymes responsible for introducing these modifications and on recent transcriptome-wide studies reporting modifications to mitochondrial messenger RNAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: mRNA modifications in gene expression control edited by Dr. Matthias Soller and Dr. Rupert Fray. Human mtDNA encodes 13 proteins and all the RNAs necessary for their expression Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA, the epitranscriptome, play a regulatory role in mitochondrial gene expression Several enzymes involved in the shaping of the mitochondrial epitranscriptome have recently been characterised. Our understanding of the extent and nature of mtRNA modifications is rapidly expanding. Recent transcriptome-wide studies suggest modifications in mitochondrial mRNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Lindsey Van Haute
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Friederich MW, Timal S, Powell CA, Dallabona C, Kurolap A, Palacios-Zambrano S, Bratkovic D, Derks TGJ, Bick D, Bouman K, Chatfield KC, Damouny-Naoum N, Dishop MK, Falik-Zaccai TC, Fares F, Fedida A, Ferrero I, Gallagher RC, Garesse R, Gilberti M, González C, Gowan K, Habib C, Halligan RK, Kalfon L, Knight K, Lefeber D, Mamblona L, Mandel H, Mory A, Ottoson J, Paperna T, Pruijn GJM, Rebelo-Guiomar PF, Saada A, Sainz B, Salvemini H, Schoots MH, Smeitink JA, Szukszto MJ, Ter Horst HJ, van den Brandt F, van Spronsen FJ, Veltman JA, Wartchow E, Wintjes LT, Zohar Y, Fernández-Moreno MA, Baris HN, Donnini C, Minczuk M, Rodenburg RJ, Van Hove JLK. Pathogenic variants in glutamyl-tRNA Gln amidotransferase subunits cause a lethal mitochondrial cardiomyopathy disorder. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4065. [PMID: 30283131 PMCID: PMC6170436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein synthesis requires charging a mitochondrial tRNA with its amino acid. Here, the authors describe pathogenic variants in the GatCAB protein complex genes required for the generation of glutaminyl-mt-tRNAGln, that impairs mitochondrial translation and presents with cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial protein synthesis requires charging mt-tRNAs with their cognate amino acids by mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, with the exception of glutaminyl mt-tRNA (mt-tRNAGln). mt-tRNAGln is indirectly charged by a transamidation reaction involving the GatCAB aminoacyl-tRNA amidotransferase complex. Defects involving the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery cause a broad spectrum of disorders, with often fatal outcome. Here, we describe nine patients from five families with genetic defects in a GatCAB complex subunit, including QRSL1, GATB, and GATC, each showing a lethal metabolic cardiomyopathy syndrome. Functional studies reveal combined respiratory chain enzyme deficiencies and mitochondrial dysfunction. Aminoacylation of mt-tRNAGln and mitochondrial protein translation are deficient in patients’ fibroblasts cultured in the absence of glutamine but restore in high glutamine. Lentiviral rescue experiments and modeling in S. cerevisiae homologs confirm pathogenicity. Our study completes a decade of investigations on mitochondrial aminoacylation disorders, starting with DARS2 and ending with the GatCAB complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa W Friederich
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Sharita Timal
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Alina Kurolap
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Sara Palacios-Zambrano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- SA Pathology, Women and Children's Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - David Bick
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Katelijne Bouman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nadine Damouny-Naoum
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Megan K Dishop
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Tzipora C Falik-Zaccai
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, 22100, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Fuad Fares
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Ayalla Fedida
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, 22100, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Ileana Ferrero
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Renata C Gallagher
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rafael Garesse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Micol Gilberti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Cristina González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Katherine Gowan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Clair Habib
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3339419, Israel
| | - Rebecca K Halligan
- SA Pathology, Women and Children's Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Limor Kalfon
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, 22100, Israel
| | - Kaz Knight
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Dirk Lefeber
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mamblona
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Hanna Mandel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.,Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, 22100, Israel.,Metabolic Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Adi Mory
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - John Ottoson
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Tamar Paperna
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Ger J M Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro F Rebelo-Guiomar
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, United Kingdom.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Ann Saada
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research and the Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Hayley Salvemini
- SA Pathology, Women and Children's Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Mirthe H Schoots
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Smeitink
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Maciej J Szukszto
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik J Ter Horst
- Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Frans van den Brandt
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Francjan J van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Wartchow
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Liesbeth T Wintjes
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Yaniv Zohar
- Institute of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miguel A Fernández-Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Hagit N Baris
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
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17
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Vantroys E, Larson A, Friederich M, Knight K, Swanson MA, Powell CA, Smet J, Vergult S, De Paepe B, Seneca S, Roeyers H, Menten B, Minczuk M, Vanlander A, Van Hove J, Van Coster R. New insights into the phenotype of FARS2 deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:172-181. [PMID: 29126765 PMCID: PMC5734183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in FARS2 are known to cause dysfunction of mitochondrial translation due to deficient aminoacylation of the mitochondrial phenylalanine tRNA. Here, we report three novel mutations in FARS2 found in two patients in a compound heterozygous state. The missense mutation c.1082C>T (p.Pro361Leu) was detected in both patients. The mutations c.461C>T (p.Ala154Val) and c.521_523delTGG (p.Val174del) were each detected in one patient. We report abnormal in vitro aminoacylation assays as a functional validation of the molecular genetic findings. Based on the phenotypic data of previously reported subjects and the two subjects reported here, we conclude that FARS2 deficiency can be associated with two phenotypes: (i) an epileptic phenotype, and (ii) a spastic paraplegia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vantroys
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Austin Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marisa Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kaz Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael A Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Powell
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Joél Smet
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boel De Paepe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Seneca
- Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel and Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herbert Roeyers
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Arnaud Vanlander
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rudy Van Coster
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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18
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Pearce SF, Rorbach J, Haute LV, D’Souza AR, Rebelo-Guiomar P, Powell CA, Brierley I, Firth AE, Minczuk M. Maturation of selected human mitochondrial tRNAs requires deadenylation. eLife 2017; 6:e27596. [PMID: 28745585 PMCID: PMC5544427 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondria contain a genome (mtDNA) that encodes essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Expression of mtDNA entails multi-step maturation of precursor RNA. In other systems, the RNA life cycle involves surveillance mechanisms, however, the details of RNA quality control have not been extensively characterised in human mitochondria. Using a mitochondrial ribosome profiling and mitochondrial poly(A)-tail RNA sequencing (MPAT-Seq) assay, we identify the poly(A)-specific exoribonuclease PDE12 as a major factor for the quality control of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs. The lack of PDE12 results in a spurious polyadenylation of the 3' ends of the mitochondrial (mt-) rRNA and mt-tRNA. While the aberrant adenylation of 16S mt-rRNA did not affect the integrity of the mitoribosome, spurious poly(A) additions to mt-tRNA led to reduced levels of aminoacylated pool of certain mt-tRNAs and mitoribosome stalling at the corresponding codons. Therefore, our data uncover a new, deadenylation-dependent mtRNA maturation pathway in human mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Pearce
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Rorbach
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Van Haute
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron R D’Souza
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christopher A Powell
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Brierley
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Zaganelli S, Rebelo-Guiomar P, Maundrell K, Rozanska A, Pierredon S, Powell CA, Jourdain AA, Hulo N, Lightowlers RN, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZM, Minczuk M, Martinou JC. The Pseudouridine Synthase RPUSD4 Is an Essential Component of Mitochondrial RNA Granules. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4519-4532. [PMID: 28082677 PMCID: PMC5377769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene expression is a fundamental process that is largely dependent on nuclear-encoded proteins. Several steps of mitochondrial RNA processing and maturation, including RNA post-transcriptional modification, appear to be spatially organized into distinct foci, which we have previously termed mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs). Although an increasing number of proteins have been localized to MRGs, a comprehensive analysis of the proteome of these structures is still lacking. Here, we have applied a microscopy-based approach that has allowed us to identify novel components of the MRG proteome. Among these, we have focused our attention on RPUSD4, an uncharacterized mitochondrial putative pseudouridine synthase. We show that RPUSD4 depletion leads to a severe reduction of the steady-state level of the 16S mitochondrial (mt) rRNA with defects in the biogenesis of the mitoribosome large subunit and consequently in mitochondrial translation. We report that RPUSD4 binds 16S mt-rRNA, mt-tRNAMet, and mt-tRNAPhe, and we demonstrate that it is responsible for pseudouridylation of the latter. These data provide new insights into the relevance of RNA pseudouridylation in mitochondrial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Zaganelli
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Kinsey Maundrell
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Agata Rozanska
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Sandra Pierredon
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Robert N Lightowlers
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Zofia M Chrzanowska-Lightowlers
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- From the Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland,
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20
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Yang CY, Powell CA, Duan YP, Zhang MQ. Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Oil-In-Water Nano-Emulsion Formulation Against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Plant Dis 2016; 100:2448-2454. [PMID: 30686169 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-16-0600-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nano-emulsion is a promising delivery system for increasing pesticide use and enhancing the therapeutic efficiency against pathogens. The pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) that causes destructive citrus huanglongbing (HLB) resides in citrus phloem, which makes it difficult to treat with chemicals. Based on various physiochemical characteristics of oils, surfactants, and organic solvents, an oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsion formulation was developed and optimized to combat citrus HLB. The nano-emulsion was formulated through a spontaneous emulsification method for efficient delivery of ampicillin into the citrus phloem using bark application. The nano-emulsion that was prepared from Cremophor EL (viscous oil), acetone (water miscibility organic solvent), and Span 80/Tween 80 (surfactant) formed a small droplet size (17.33 ± 0.52 nm) and exhibited an improved absorption rate. Peak concentration was detected at 2 days posttreatment and the maximum concentration (Cmax) and relative bioavailability (RBA) of ampicillin in HLB-affected citrus were 71.86 ± 35.38 ng/g and 267.25% ± 44.1%, respectively. The peak concentration of Amp appeared at 6 days posttreatment in the citrus trees that were treated with Amp alone and their Cmax and RBA were 56.44 ± 32.59 ng/g and 100%, respectively. The same nano-emulsion was used to deliver five different antimicrobials to control citrus HLB through bark application. We found that the droplet size of the antimicrobials in the nano-emulsion was significantly reduced and the nano-emulsion also enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of validoxylamine A alone and in combination with actidione as well as sulfadimoethoxine sodium against Las. Therefore, this study provides an efficient bark application nano-emulsion formulation for citrus HLB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Yang
- State Key Lab for Conversation and Utilization Subtropical Aro-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China, IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - C A Powell
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945
| | - Y P Duan
- USHRL, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945
| | - M Q Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conversation and Utilization Subtropical Aro-Biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China, IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, and USHRL, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945
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21
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Wedatilake Y, Niazi R, Fassone E, Powell CA, Pearce S, Plagnol V, Saldanha JW, Kleta R, Chong WK, Footitt E, Mills PB, Taanman JW, Minczuk M, Clayton PT, Rahman S. TRNT1 deficiency: clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic features. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:90. [PMID: 27370603 PMCID: PMC4930608 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TRNT1 (CCA-adding transfer RNA nucleotidyl transferase) enzyme deficiency is a new metabolic disease caused by defective post-transcriptional modification of mitochondrial and cytosolic transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Results We investigated four patients from two families with infantile-onset cyclical, aseptic febrile episodes with vomiting and diarrhoea, global electrolyte imbalance during these episodes, sideroblastic anaemia, B lymphocyte immunodeficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, hepatosplenomegaly, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and renal tubulopathy. Other clinical features found in children include sensorineural deafness, cerebellar atrophy, brittle hair, partial villous atrophy and nephrocalcinosis. Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic filtering were utilised to identify recessive compound heterozygous TRNT1 mutations (missense mutation c.668T>C, p.Ile223Thr and a novel splice mutation c.342+5G>T) segregating with disease in the first family. The second family was found to have a homozygous TRNT1 mutation (c.569G>T), p.Arg190Ile, (previously published). We found normal mitochondrial translation products using passage matched controls and functional perturbation of 3’ CCA addition to mitochondrial tRNAs (tRNACys, tRNALeuUUR and tRNAHis) in fibroblasts from two patients, demonstrating a pathomechanism affecting the CCA addition to mt-tRNAs. Acute management of these patients included transfusion for anaemia, fluid and electrolyte replacement and immunoglobulin therapy. We also describe three-year follow-up findings after treatment by bone marrow transplantation in one patient, with resolution of fever and reversal of the abnormal metabolic profile. Conclusions Our report highlights that TRNT1 mutations cause a spectrum of disease ranging from a childhood-onset complex disease with manifestations in most organs to an adult-onset isolated retinitis pigmentosa presentation. Systematic review of all TRNT1 cases and mutations reported to date revealed a distinctive phenotypic spectrum and metabolic and other investigative findings, which will facilitate rapid clinical recognition of future cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehani Wedatilake
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rojeen Niazi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elisa Fassone
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - José W Saldanha
- Division of Mathematical Biology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK.,Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - W Kling Chong
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Emma Footitt
- Metabolic medicine department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jan-Willem Taanman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK. .,Mitochondrial Research Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30, Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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22
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Van Haute L, Dietmann S, Kremer L, Hussain S, Pearce SF, Powell CA, Rorbach J, Lantaff R, Blanco S, Sauer S, Kotzaeridou U, Hoffmann GF, Memari Y, Kolb-Kokocinski A, Durbin R, Mayr JA, Frye M, Prokisch H, Minczuk M. Deficient methylation and formylation of mt-tRNA(Met) wobble cytosine in a patient carrying mutations in NSUN3. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12039. [PMID: 27356879 PMCID: PMC4931328 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitranscriptome modifications are required for structure and function of RNA and defects in these pathways have been associated with human disease. Here we identify the RNA target for the previously uncharacterized 5-methylcytosine (m(5)C) methyltransferase NSun3 and link m(5)C RNA modifications with energy metabolism. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified loss-of-function mutations in NSUN3 in a patient presenting with combined mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency. Patient-derived fibroblasts exhibit severe defects in mitochondrial translation that can be rescued by exogenous expression of NSun3. We show that NSun3 is required for deposition of m(5)C at the anticodon loop in the mitochondrially encoded transfer RNA methionine (mt-tRNA(Met)). Further, we demonstrate that m(5)C deficiency in mt-tRNA(Met) results in the lack of 5-formylcytosine (f(5)C) at the same tRNA position. Our findings demonstrate that NSUN3 is necessary for efficient mitochondrial translation and reveal that f(5)C in human mitochondrial RNA is generated by oxidative processing of m(5)C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Laura Kremer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Institute of Human Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Institute of Human Genetics, Trogerstrasse 32, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Shobbir Hussain
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sarah F. Pearce
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Joanna Rorbach
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Rebecca Lantaff
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Sandra Blanco
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Otto-Warburg Laboratory, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- University of Würzburg, CU Systems Medicine, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology/Berlin Institute of Health, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F. Hoffmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasin Memari
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anja Kolb-Kokocinski
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Michaela Frye
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Institute of Human Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Institute of Human Genetics, Trogerstrasse 32, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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23
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Zhang MQ, Guo Y, Powell CA, Doud MS, Yang CY, Zhou H, Duan YP. Zinc treatment increases the titre of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in huanglongbing-affected citrus plants while affecting the bacterial microbiomes. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1616-28. [PMID: 26909469 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Huanglongbing (HLB)-affected citrus often display zinc deficiency symptoms. In this study, supplemental zinc was applied to citrus to determine its effect on Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) titre, HLB symptoms, and leaf microbiome. METHODS AND RESULTS HLB-affected citrus were treated with various amounts of zinc. The treatments promoted Las growth and affected microbiomes in citrus leaves. Phylochip(™) -based results indicated that 5475 of over 50 000 known Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in 52 phyla were detected in the midribs of HLB-affected citrus, of which Proteobacteria was the most abundant, followed by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In comparison, the microbiomes of zinc-treated diseased plants had overall more OTUs with higher amounts of Proteobacteria, but decreased percentages of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In addition, more OTUs of siderophore-producing bacteria were present. Only zinc-sensitive Staphylococcaceae had higher OTU's in the diseased plants without zinc treatments. CONCLUSIONS Although HLB-affected citrus appear zinc deficient, zinc amendments increased the pathogen levels and shifted the microbiome. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY HLB is currently the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide. Zinc is often applied to HLB-affected citrus due to zinc deficiency symptoms. This study provided new insights into the potential effects of zinc on HLB and the microbial ecology of citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA.,USHRL, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Y Guo
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - C A Powell
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - M S Doud
- USHRL, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - C Y Yang
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - H Zhou
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-biological Resources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Y P Duan
- USHRL, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
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24
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Vanlander AV, Menten B, Smet J, De Meirleir L, Sante T, De Paepe B, Seneca S, Pearce SF, Powell CA, Vergult S, Michotte A, De Latter E, Vantomme L, Minczuk M, Van Coster R. Two siblings with homozygous pathogenic splice-site variant in mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (NARS2). Hum Mutat 2015; 36:222-31. [PMID: 25385316 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A homozygous missense mutation (c.822G>C) was found in the gene encoding the mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (NARS2) in two siblings born to consanguineous parents. These siblings presented with different phenotypes: one had mild intellectual disability and epilepsy in childhood, whereas the other had severe myopathy. Biochemical analysis of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in both siblings revealed a combined complex I and IV deficiency in skeletal muscle. In-gel activity staining after blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the decreased activity of complex I and IV, and, in addition, showed the presence of complex V subcomplexes. Considering the consanguineous descent, homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing were combined revealing the presence of one single missense mutation in the shared homozygous region. The c.822G>C variant affects the 3' splice site of exon 7, leading to skipping of the whole exon 7 and a part of exon 8 in the NARS2 mRNA. In EBV-transformed lymphoblasts, a specific decrease in the amount of charged mt-tRNA(Asn) was demonstrated as compared with controls. This confirmed the pathogenic nature of the variant. To conclude, the reported variant in NARS2 results in a combined OXPHOS complex deficiency involving complex I and IV, making NARS2 a new member of disease-associated aaRS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud V Vanlander
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
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25
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Van Haute L, Pearce SF, Powell CA, D’Souza AR, Nicholls TJ, Minczuk M. Mitochondrial transcript maturation and its disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:655-80. [PMID: 26016801 PMCID: PMC4493943 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical presentations owing to defective mitochondrial energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. These defects can be caused by either mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or mutations in nuclear genes coding for mitochondrially-targeted proteins. The underlying pathomechanisms can affect numerous pathways involved in mitochondrial biology including expression of mtDNA-encoded genes. Expression of the mitochondrial genes is extensively regulated at the post-transcriptional stage and entails nucleolytic cleavage of precursor RNAs, RNA nucleotide modifications, RNA polyadenylation, RNA quality and stability control. These processes ensure proper mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) function, and are regulated by dedicated, nuclear-encoded enzymes. Recent growing evidence suggests that mutations in these nuclear genes, leading to incorrect maturation of RNAs, are a cause of human mitochondrial disease. Additionally, mutations in mtDNA-encoded genes may also affect RNA maturation and are frequently associated with human disease. We review the current knowledge on a subset of nuclear-encoded genes coding for proteins involved in mitochondrial RNA maturation, for which genetic variants impacting upon mitochondrial pathophysiology have been reported. Also, primary pathological mtDNA mutations with recognised effects upon RNA processing are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah F. Pearce
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | | | - Aaron R. D’Souza
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Thomas J. Nicholls
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
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Coughlin CR, Scharer GH, Friederich MW, Yu HC, Geiger EA, Creadon-Swindell G, Collins AE, Vanlander AV, Coster RV, Powell CA, Swanson MA, Minczuk M, Van Hove JLK, Shaikh TH. Mutations in the mitochondrial cysteinyl-tRNA synthase gene, CARS2, lead to a severe epileptic encephalopathy and complex movement disorder. J Med Genet 2015; 52:532-40. [PMID: 25787132 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial disease is often suspected in cases of severe epileptic encephalopathy especially when a complex movement disorder, liver involvement and progressive developmental regression are present. Although mutations in either mitochondrial DNA or POLG are often present, other nuclear defects in mitochondrial DNA replication and protein translation have been associated with a severe epileptic encephalopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified a proband with an epileptic encephalopathy, complex movement disorder and a combined mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme deficiency. The child presented with neurological regression, complex movement disorder and intractable seizures. A combined deficiency of mitochondrial complexes I, III and IV was noted in liver tissue, along with increased mitochondrial DNA content in skeletal muscle. Incomplete assembly of complex V, using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis and complex I, using western blotting, suggested a disorder of mitochondrial transcription or translation. Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations in CARS2, a mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Both mutations affect highly conserved amino acids located within the functional ligase domain of the cysteinyl-tRNA synthase. A specific decrease in the amount of charged mt-tRNA(Cys) was detected in patient fibroblasts compared with controls. Retroviral transfection of the wild-type CARS2 into patient skin fibroblasts led to the correction of the incomplete assembly of complex V, providing functional evidence for the role of CARS2 mutations in disease aetiology. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that mutations in CARS2 result in a mitochondrial translational defect as seen in individuals with mitochondrial epileptic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis R Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gunter H Scharer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marisa W Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hung-Chun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Geiger
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Geralyn Creadon-Swindell
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Abigail E Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Arnaud V Vanlander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudy Van Coster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Michael A Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tamim H Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Powell CA, Nicholls TJ, Minczuk M. Nuclear-encoded factors involved in post-transcriptional processing and modification of mitochondrial tRNAs in human disease. Front Genet 2015; 6:79. [PMID: 25806043 PMCID: PMC4354410 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) encodes 22 tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) that are necessary for the intraorganellar translation of the 13 mtDNA-encoded subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Maturation of mt-tRNAs involves 5′ and 3′ nucleolytic excision from precursor RNAs, as well as extensive post-transcriptional modifications. Recent data suggest that over 7% of all mt-tRNA residues in mammals undergo post-transcriptional modification, with over 30 different modified mt-tRNA positions so far described. These processing and modification steps are necessary for proper mt-tRNA function, and are performed by dedicated, nuclear-encoded enzymes. Recent growing evidence suggests that mutations in these nuclear genes (nDNA), leading to incorrect maturation of mt-tRNAs, are a cause of human mitochondrial disease. Furthermore, mtDNA mutations in mt-tRNA genes, which may also affect mt-tRNA function, processing, and modification, are also frequently associated with human disease. In theory, all pathogenic mt-tRNA variants should be expected to affect only a single process, which is mitochondrial translation, albeit to various extents. However, the clinical manifestations of mitochondrial disorders linked to mutations in mt-tRNAs are extremely heterogeneous, ranging from defects of a single tissue to complex multisystem disorders. This review focuses on the current knowledge of nDNA coding for proteins involved in mt-tRNA maturation that have been linked to human mitochondrial pathologies. We further discuss the possibility that tissue specific regulation of mt-tRNA modifying enzymes could play an important role in the clinical heterogeneity observed for mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in mt-tRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Powell
- Mitochondrial Genetics, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas J Nicholls
- Mitochondrial Genetics, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Mitochondrial Genetics, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK
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Powell CA, Prousskaia E, Wilson SM. Cephalic vein inconsistency in autologous breast reconstruction salvage. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014; 68:e39. [PMID: 25455295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Rd., Westbury on Trym, Bristol, South Gloucestershire, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.
| | - E Prousskaia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Rd., Westbury on Trym, Bristol, South Gloucestershire, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - S M Wilson
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Rd., Westbury on Trym, Bristol, South Gloucestershire, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
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Diodato D, Melchionda L, Haack TB, Dallabona C, Baruffini E, Donnini C, Granata T, Ragona F, Balestri P, Margollicci M, Lamantea E, Nasca A, Powell CA, Minczuk M, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Prokisch H, Lamperti C, Zeviani M, Ghezzi D. VARS2 and TARS2 mutations in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:983-9. [PMID: 24827421 PMCID: PMC4140549 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
By way of whole-exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous missense mutation in VARS2 in one subject with microcephaly and epilepsy associated with isolated deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex I and compound heterozygous mutations in TARS2 in two siblings presenting with axial hypotonia and severe psychomotor delay associated with multiple MRC defects. The nucleotide variants segregated within the families, were absent in Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) databases and are predicted to be deleterious. The amount of VARS2 and TARS2 proteins and valyl-tRNA and threonyl-tRNA levels were decreased in samples of afflicted patients according to the genetic defect. Expression of the corresponding wild-type transcripts in immortalized mutant fibroblasts rescued the biochemical impairment of mitochondrial respiration and yeast modeling of the VARS2 mutation confirmed its pathogenic role. Taken together, these data demonstrate the role of the identified mutations for these mitochondriopathies. Our study reports the first mutations in the VARS2 and TARS2 genes, which encode two mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, as causes of clinically distinct, early-onset mitochondrial encephalopathies.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Child
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Electron Transport Complex I/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- HLA Antigens/genetics
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- Heterozygote
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Infant
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Male
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/enzymology
- Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/genetics
- Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/pathology
- Mutation
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Thr/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Thr/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Val/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Val/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
- Threonine-tRNA Ligase/genetics
- Threonine-tRNA Ligase/metabolism
- Valine-tRNA Ligase/genetics
- Valine-tRNA Ligase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Diodato
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Melchionda
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat MünchenMunich, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Granata
- Unit of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragona
- Unit of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Balestri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of SienaSiena, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Nasca
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”Milan, Italy
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Powell CA, Lee SJ. Successful limb salvage with the preexpanded dorsalis pedis flap for heel reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014; 67:1310-1. [PMID: 24731802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- Department of Plastic Surgery Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Rd, Bristol, South Gloucestershire BS16 1LE, United Kingdom.
| | - S J Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Rd, Bristol, South Gloucestershire BS16 1LE, United Kingdom
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31
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Smith CB, Nelson JE, Berman AR, Powell CA, Fleischman J, Salazar-Schicchi J, Wisnivesky JP. Lung cancer physicians' referral practices for palliative care consultation. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:382-7. [PMID: 21804051 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integration of palliative care with standard oncologic care improves quality of life and survival of lung cancer patients. We surveyed physicians to identify factors influencing their decisions for referral to palliative care. METHODS We provided a self-administered questionnaire to physicians caring for lung cancer patients at five medical centers. The questionnaire asked about practices and views with respect to palliative care referral. We used multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of low referral rates (<25%). RESULTS Of 155 physicians who returned survey responses, 75 (48%) reported referring <25% of patients for palliative care consultation. Multivariate analysis, controlling for provider characteristics, found that low referral rates were associated with physicians' concerns that palliative care referral would alarm patients and families [odds ratio (OR) 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21-0.98], while the belief that palliative care specialists have more time to discuss complex issues (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.56-6.02) was associated with higher rates of referral. CONCLUSIONS Although palliative care consultation is increasingly available and recommended throughout the trajectory of lung cancer, our data indicate it is underutilized. Understanding factors influencing decisions to refer can be used to improve integration of palliative care as part of lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Isolated nuclei from healthy pea plants were primed with pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV), radish mosaic virus (RdMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), PEMV RNA, SBMV RNA, RdMV RNA, or TMV RNA. RNA replication occurred only with PEMV RNA and not with intact PEMV or any of the other viruses or RNAs, as judged by ensuing actinomycin D-insensitive polymerase activity. Molecular hybridization experiments showed that some of the product of the polymerase was PEMV-specific (-)RNA. The substrate and ionic requirements of this polymerase were the same as those for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in nuclei isolated from PEMV-infected pea plants. No virus particles could be recovered from nuclei primed with PEMV RNA. These results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism for in vivo infection of pea cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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33
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Hunnicutt LE, Mozoruk J, Hunter WB, Crosslin JM, Cave RD, Powell CA. Prevalence and natural host range of Homalodisca coagulata virus-1 (HoCV-1). Arch Virol 2007; 153:61-7. [PMID: 17906830 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of picorna-like virus particles presumed to be Homalodisca coagulata virus-1 (HoCV-1) in the midgut region of adult glassy-winged sharpshooters (GWSS). In addition, we offer a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of this virus with a sensitivity of approximately 95 genome equivalents. A survey employing this assay in conjunction with GWSS samples collected throughout the United States including California, Hawaii, Florida Georgia, and the Carolinas revealed a fairly widespread pattern of distribution, although potentially restricted to temperate regions, areas with elevated host densities, or to populations of a common origin. The virus was found to naturally infect adults regardless of host plant and was not specific to a particular lifestage or sex. Examination of alternate leafhopper species further demonstrated that, although infection is not ubiquitous to all sharpshooter genera, HoCV-1 is not limited to Homalodisca vitripennis (=H. coagulata).
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Hunnicutt
- USDA ARS US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA
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34
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Borczuk AC, Papanikolaou N, Toonkel RL, Sole M, Gorenstein LA, Ginsburg ME, Sonett JR, Friedman RA, Powell CA. Lung adenocarcinoma invasion in TGFbetaRII-deficient cells is mediated by CCL5/RANTES. Oncogene 2007; 27:557-64. [PMID: 17653092 PMCID: PMC2796568 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we identified a lung adenocarcinoma signature that segregated tumors into three clades distinguished by histological invasiveness. Among the genes differentially expressed was the type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGFbetaRII), which was lower in adenocarcinoma mixed subtype and solid invasive subtype tumors compared with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. We used a tumor cell invasion system to identify the chemokine CCL5 (RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted) as a potential downstream mediator of TGF-beta signaling important for lung adenocarcinoma invasion. We specifically hypothesized that RANTES is required for lung cancer invasion and progression in TGFbetaRII-repressed cells. We examined invasion in TGFbetaRII-deficient cells treated with two inhibitors of RANTES activity, Met-RANTES and a CCR5 receptor-blocking antibody. Both treatments blocked invasion induced by TGFbetaRII knockdown. In addition, we examined the clinical relevance of the RANTES-CCR5 pathway by establishing an association of RANTES and CCR5 immunostaining with invasion and outcome in human lung adenocarcinoma specimens. Moderate or high expression of both RANTES and CCR5 was associated with an increased risk for death, P=0.014 and 0.002, respectively. In conclusion, our studies indicate RANTES signaling is required for invasion in TGFbetaRII-deficient cells and suggest a role for CCR5 inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines risk factors for aggression among boys in Kingston, Jamaica. METHODS One hundred and one aggressive and 101 prosocial schoolboys in grades 5-6 (mean age 11.7, SD 0.6 years) were selected by peer and teacher ratings from 10 schools in the capital city, Kingston, during 1998. They were given in-depth questionnaires, arithmetic, reading and verbal intelligence tests and their behaviour was rated. Their parents were also given a detailed questionnaire. RESULTS The aggressive boys reported significantly more involvement in fights than the prosocial boys. They had lower scores on spelling/reading and verbal IQ, less ambitious aspirations and poorer quality school uniforms. They were not more likely to infer hostile intent in ambiguous situations but were more likely to respond with aggression. Aggressive boys came from poorer homes with more marijuana use, less parental affection or supervision and more family discord. They were less exposed to religious instruction, their parents had lower occupational levels and were more likely to be in common-law unions than married. They were more exposed to neighbourhood violence and were punished more often at home and at school. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the independent risk factors for aggression. Exposure to neighbourhood violence, physical punishment at home and family discord were associated with increased risk; parents' being married, practising religion as a family and better school uniforms were associated with reduced risk. CONCLUSIONS Although community violence was a serious problem, family characteristics were also important risk factors for aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Meeks Gardner
- Caribbean Child Development Centre, School of Continuing Studies, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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36
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Borczuk AC, Cappellini GCA, Kim HK, Hesdorffer M, Taub RN, Powell CA. Molecular profiling of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma identifies the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway as a therapeutic target in poor prognosis tumors. Oncogene 2006; 26:610-7. [PMID: 16862182 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive neoplastic proliferation derived from cells lining serosal membranes. The biological and clinical characteristics of epithelial type malignant mesothelioma are distinct from those of biphasic and sarcomatous type tumors. The goal of our study was to examine the molecular basis for this distinction. Microarray analysis confirmed that the molecular signatures of epithelial and biphasic histologic subtypes were distinct. Among the differentially expressed functional gene categories was the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which was upregulated in biphasic tumors. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated that 211H cells derived from biphasic tumors were synergistically sensitive to sequential combination regimens containing the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and oxaliplatin. The mechanism of this synergistic response, which was not detected in cells of epithelial tumor origin, was apoptosis. Together, our results identify the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a biomarker of poor prognosis biphasic peritoneal mesothelioma tumors and suggest that proteasome inhibitors could increase the effectiveness of cytotoxic chemotherapy in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have shown associations between stunting and overweight; however, there are few prospective studies of stunted children. OBJECTIVES To determine whether stunting before age 2 years is associated with overweight and central adiposity at 17-18 years and whether growth in height among stunted children predicts body mass index (BMI) in late adolescence. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS One-hundred and three participants stunted by age 2 years and 64 non-stunted participants (78% of participants enrolled in childhood). Participants were measured in early childhood and at ages 7, 11 and 17 years. RESULTS Stunted subjects remained shorter and had lower BMIs, smaller skinfolds and circumferences than non-stunted subjects. Overweight (BMI >/=25 m(2)) was not significantly different among stunted and non-stunted male subjects (5.2 and 12.5%) but non-stunted female subjects were more likely to be overweight than those who experienced early childhood stunting (11.1 and 34.4%, P=0.013). Centralization of fat (waist to hip ratio (WHR), subscapular/triceps skinfold ratio (SSF/TSF)) did not differ between stunted and non-stunted groups (mean WHR 0.77 and mean SSF/TSF 1.18 in both groups). Stunted subjects with greater increases in height-for-age for the intervals 3-7 and 7-11 years had higher BMI at age 17 years (P=0.04 and P=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Participants stunted by age 2 years were less likely to be overweight than those who were never stunted. This suggests that cross-sectional studies of the association between stunting and overweight may be misleading. Among stunted children, greater linear growth during mid- to late childhood was associated with greater BMI at age 17 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Walker
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
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38
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Powell CA, Pelosi RR, Rundell PA, Cohen M. Breakdown of Cross-Protection of Grapefruit from Decline-Inducing Isolates of Citrus tristeza virus Following Introduction of the Brown Citrus Aphid. Plant Dis 2003; 87:1116-1118. [PMID: 30812827 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2003.87.9.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 21-year-old replicated field planting of 84 'Ruby Red' grapefruit trees cross-protected with three mild isolates of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was assessed for decline-inducing and non-decline-inducing isolates of the virus 5 years after the brown citrus aphid (BrCA) (Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy) first was established in the experimental area. Prior to the introduction of the BrCA, the cross-protecting mild isolates had significantly reduced detectable infection with decline-inducing isolates of CTV for 16 years (average infection of 13% in cross-protected trees compared with 67% in unprotected trees). After the introduction of the BrCA, infections with decline-inducing CTV (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were 57, 81, and 71% for trees protected with three mild isolates, respectively, compared with 95% in unprotected trees. These results suggest that the introduction of BrCA accelerated the breakdown of cross-protection against decline-inducing isolates of CTV in grapefruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce 34945
| | - R R Pelosi
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce 34945
| | - P A Rundell
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce 34945
| | - M Cohen
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce 34945
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39
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Walker SP, Ewan-Whyte C, Chang SM, Powell CA, Fletcher H, McDonald D, Grantham-McGregor SM. Factors associated with size and proportionality at birth in term Jamaican infants. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21:117-126. [PMID: 13677439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with size and proportionality at birth in a cohort of term infants established to investigate their growth and development. One hundred and forty term low-birth-weight (birth-weight < 2,500 g) infants and 94 normal birth-weight infants (2,500- < 4,000 g) were recruited within 48 hours of birth at the main maternity hospital, Kingston, Jamaica. Birth anthropometry and gestational age were measured, and maternal information was obtained by interview and from hospital records. Controlling for gestational age, variables independently associated with birth-weight were rate of weight gain in the second half of pregnancy, maternal height, haemoglobin level < 9.5 microg/dL, time of first attendance in antenatal clinic, birth order, pre-eclampsia, and consumption of alcohol, with 33% of the variance in birth-weight explained. Birth length was associated only with maternal height and age, while measures of proportionality (ponderal index and head/length ratio) were associated with characteristics of the environment in late pregnancy, including rate of weight gain, weight in late pregnancy, and pre-eclampsia. The variation in maternal characteristics associated with size or proportionality at birth may reflect the times during gestation when different aspects of growth are most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Walker
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
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Bennett FI, Walker SP, Gaskin P, Powell CA. Fasting levels of serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride at age eleven to twelve years in stunted and non-stunted Jamaican children. Acta Paediatr 2003; 91:903-8. [PMID: 12412863 DOI: 10.1080/080352502760272560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether fasting serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride at age 11-12 y (a) differed between children stunted in early childhood and those who were never stunted, (b) were related to birthweight or current anthropometry and (c) were related to stunting after controlling for current size. METHODS Anthropometry, serum glucose and lipid concentrations were measured in 112 children stunted in early childhood and 181 non-stunted children. RESULTS Children who were stunted in infancy remained shorter, weighed less and were significantly less fat than non-stunted children but had a more central distribution of fat. They were also less likely to have entered puberty. Non-stunted children had higher fasting serum triglyceride concentrations than stunted children (p < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between birthweight and fasting glucose or any measure of serum lipids. The percentage of variance in biochemical measures explained by anthropometry was low: between 2.1 for HDL cholesterol and 14.6 for triglyceride. Nutritional status in early childhood (stunted or non-stunted) made no additional contribution to the variance. CONCLUSIONS Linear growth retardation in early childhood was not independently related to fasting serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride at age 11-12 y. However, despite being thinner, stunted children had a more central distribution of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Bennett
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Stunting in early childhood is common in developing countries and is associated with poorer cognition and school achievement in later childhood. The effect of stunting on children's behaviours is not as well established and is examined here. METHOD Children who were stunted at age 9 to 24 months and had taken part in a 2-year intervention programme of psychosocial stimulation with or without nutritional supplementation were reexamined at age 11-12 years and compared with non-stunted children from the same neighbourhoods. Their school and home behaviours were assessed using the Rutter Teacher and Parent Scales and school achievement was measured using the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) and the Suffolk Reading Scales. RESULTS No significant intervention effects were found among the stunted groups. Thus data from the four intervention groups were aggregated for subsequent analyses, comparing all 116 stunted children with 80 non-stunted children. Controlling for social background variables, the stunted group had more conduct difficulties (p < .05) as rated by their parents. They also had significantly lower scores in arithmetic, spelling, word reading and reading comprehension than the non-stunted children (all p < .001). Conduct difficulties and hyperactivity were related to poorer school achievement. Controlling for the children's IQ, the stunted children's arithmetic scores remained significantly lower than those of the non-stunted children, but reading and spelling scores were not different. CONCLUSIONS Previously stunted children had more conduct difficulties at home, regardless of their social background, than non-stunted children. Their educational attainment was also poorer than non-stunted children and these results are suggestive of a specific arithmetic difficulty. Children with behaviour problems performed less well at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Chang
- Epidemiology Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
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Abstract
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is used extensively by pulmonary specialists to address two common clinical questions: (1) What is the risk of a postoperative pulmonary complication in an individual with lung disease? and (2) Will the patient be able to tolerate lung resection surgery? Today, there are numerous tests available to measure pulmonary function; making judicious use of these tests essential. In this article, the authors describe significant postoperative pulmonary complications, and discuss the surgical and patient factors contributing to the risk of these complications. They provide an evidence-based approach using pulmonary function data to determine an individual patient's risk for pulmonary complications associated with three types of surgical procedures-upper abdominal, cardiac, and lung resection-and discuss recommendations for risk education.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York USA
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Walker SP, Gaskin P, Powell CA, Bennett FI, Forrester TE, Grantham-McGregor S. The effects of birth weight and postnatal linear growth retardation on blood pressure at age 11-12 years. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55:394-8. [PMID: 11350995 PMCID: PMC1731923 DOI: 10.1136/jech.55.6.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of birth weight and linear growth retardation (stunting) in early childhood on blood pressure at age 11-12 years. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Kingston, Jamaica. PARTICIPANTS 112 stunted children (height for age < -2 SD of the NCHS references) and 189 non-stunted children (height for age > -1 SD), identified at age 9-24 months by a survey of poor neighbourhoods in Kingston. MAIN RESULTS Current weight was the strongest predictor of systolic blood pressure (beta= 4.90 mm Hg/SD weight 95%CI 3.97, 5.83). Birth weight predicted systolic blood pressure (beta = -1.28 mm Hg/SD change in birth weight, 95% CI -2.17, -0.38) after adjustment for current weight. There was a significant negative interaction between stunting in early childhood and current weight indicating a larger effect of increased current weight in children who experienced linear growth retardation in early childhood. There was no interaction between birth weight and current weight. The increase in blood pressure from age 7 to age 11-12 was greater in children with higher weight at age 11-12 and less in children with higher birth weight and weight at age 7. CONCLUSIONS Birth weight predicted systolic blood pressure in Jamaican children aged 11-12. Postnatal growth retardation may potentiate the relation between current weight and blood pressure. Greater weight gain between ages 7 and 11 was associated with a greater increase in systolic blood pressure. The relation between growth and later blood pressure is complex and has prenatal and postnatal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Walker
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- John A. Prior Health Sciences Library, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Walker SP, Grantham-Mcgregor SM, Powell CA, Chang SM. Effects of growth restriction in early childhood on growth, IQ, and cognition at age 11 to 12 years and the benefits of nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation. J Pediatr 2000; 137:36-41. [PMID: 10891819 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2000.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To determine whether benefits to growth and cognition remain after intervention in growth-restricted children who received psychosocial stimulation and nutritional supplementation in early childhood. (2) To investigate the extent of the differences in IQ and cognition at age 11 to 12 years between growth-restricted and non-growth-restricted children. STUDY DESIGN Growth-restricted and non-growth-restricted children were identified at age 9 to 24 months, at which time the growth-restricted children participated in a 2-year randomized trial of nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation. Eight years after the interventions ended, the children's growth, IQ, and cognitive functions were measured. RESULTS There were no significant benefits from supplementation to growth or cognition. Children who had received stimulation had higher scores on the Weschler Intelligence Scales for Children-Revised full-scale (IQ) and verbal scale and tests of vocabulary and reasoning (all P <.05). The growth-restricted children had significantly lower scores than the non-growth-restricted children on 10 of 11 cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial stimulation had small but significant long-term benefits on cognition in growth-restricted children. Growth-restricted children had significantly poorer performance than non-growth-restricted children on a wide range of cognitive tests, supporting the conclusion that growth restriction has long-term functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Walker
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Lang D, Kredan MB, Moat SJ, Hussain SA, Powell CA, Bellamy MF, Powers HJ, Lewis MJ. Homocysteine-induced inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation in rabbit aorta: role for superoxide anions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:422-7. [PMID: 10669639 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.2.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction, although its mechanism is unknown. Isometric tension recordings and lucigenin chemiluminescence were used to assess the effects of homocysteine exposure on endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation in isolated rabbit aortic rings and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production by cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells, respectively. Homocysteine (0.1 to 10 mmol/L) produced a significant (P<0.001) concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to both acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187. Only the intracellular O(2)(-) scavenger 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid (Tiron, 10 mmol/L) significantly (P<0.001) inhibited the effect of homocysteine on acetylcholine- and A23187-induced relaxation. Incubation of porcine aortic endothelial cells with homocysteine (0.03 to 1 mmol/L for up to 72 hours) caused a significant (P<0.001) time-dependent increase in the O(2)(-) released by these cells on the addition of Triton X-100 (1% [vol/vol]), with levels returning to values comparable to those of control cells at the 72-hour time point. These changes in O(2)(-) levels were associated with a time-dependent increase in endothelial cell superoxide dismutase activity, becoming significant (P<0.001) after 72 hours. Furthermore, the homocysteine-induced increase in endothelial cell O(2)(-) levels was completely inhibited (P<0.001) by the concomitant incubation with either Tiron (10 mmol/L), vitamin C (10 micromol/L), or vitamin E (10 micromol/L). These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of homocysteine on endothelium-dependent relaxation is due to an increase in the endothelial cell intracellular levels of O(2)(-) and provide a possible mechanism for the endothelial dysfunction associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lang
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Powell CA, Pelosi RR, Rundell PA, Stover E, Cohen M. Cross-Protection of Grapefruit from Decline-Inducing Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus. Plant Dis 1999; 83:989-991. [PMID: 30841297 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.1999.83.11.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of three mild isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) to prevent natural infection of 84 Ruby Red grapefruit on sour orange rootstock by aphid-transmitted, decline-inducing isolates of CTV was assessed by symptoms and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 16 years. Of 21 trees in each of four treatments protected by the DD 102 bb, Guettler HS, and DPI 1-12-5-X-E mild CTV isolates, 14, 10, and 14% were infected by severe isolates (MCA13 monoclonal antibody reactive) compared with 67% for unprotected control trees. The health of trees protected by the DD 102 bb CTV isolate was significantly better than that of unprotected control trees as measured by decline, tree ratings, and tree height. These data suggest that infection by certain mild isolates of CTV can cross-protect grapefruit trees on sour orange rootstock from decline-inducing isolates of CTV that are prevalent in the Indian River region of Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 S. Rock Road, Ft. Pierce 34945-3138
| | - R R Pelosi
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 S. Rock Road, Ft. Pierce 34945-3138
| | - P A Rundell
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 S. Rock Road, Ft. Pierce 34945-3138
| | - E Stover
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 S. Rock Road, Ft. Pierce 34945-3138
| | - M Cohen
- University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 S. Rock Road, Ft. Pierce 34945-3138
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Chang SM, Hutchinson SE, Powell CA, Walker SP. The nutritional status of rural Jamaican school children. W INDIAN MED J 1999; 48:112-4. [PMID: 10555453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Three thousand, eight hundred and eighty-two (3,882) children in grades 2-5, attending 16 rural primary and all-age schools in central Jamaica were weighed and their weight-for-age standard deviation scores calculated using the World Health Organization/National Center for Health Statistics (WHO/NCHS) references. Heights were also measured in a random sample of the grade 5 children (n = 793) and height-for-age and body mass index (BMI-kg/m2) calculated. Sixty-nine per cent of the total sample were of normal weight-for-age, 2% were moderately undernourished (weight-for-age > -3 Z-score, < or = -2 Z-score), and a further 24% mildly undernourished (weight-for-age > -2 Z-score, < or = -1 Z-score). Few children were overweight. The frequency distribution of weight-for-age was similar in girls and boys. In the subsample of children in whom heights were measured, 25.8% were < or = -1 Z-score height-for-age, and of these 4.9% were < -2 Z-score. Compared with a survey conducted in a similar rural area in the 1960s, the children's mean weights for age group categories were 1.1 to 3.7 kg heavier. Children who were older than appropriate for their grade were more likely to be undernourished (Odds ratio 3.94, 95% CI 3.21, 4.83), which suggests that undernourished children may be more likely to repeat a grade or start school later.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Chang
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Genschel U, Powell CA, Abell C, Smith AG. The final step of pantothenate biosynthesis in higher plants: cloning and characterization of pantothenate synthetase from Lotus japonicus and Oryza sativum (rice). Biochem J 1999; 341 ( Pt 3):669-78. [PMID: 10417331 PMCID: PMC1220405 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3410669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated a Lotus japonicus cDNA for pantothenate (vitamin B(5)) synthetase (PS) by functional complementation of an Escherichia coli panC mutant (AT1371). A rice (Oryza sativum) expressed sequence tag, identified by sequence similarity to PS, was also able to complement the E. coli auxotroph, as was an open reading frame from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast). The Lotus and rice cDNAs encode proteins of approx. 34 kDa, which are 65% similar at the amino acid level and do not appear to encode N-terminal extensions by comparison with PS sequences from other organisms. Furthermore, analysis of genomic sequence flanking the coding sequence for PS in Lotus suggests the original cDNA is full-length. The Lotus and rice PSs are therefore likely to be cytosolic. Southern analysis of Lotus genomic DNA indicates that there is a single gene for PS. Recombinant PS from Lotus, overexpressed in E. coli AT1371, is a dimer. The enzyme requires d-pantoate, beta-alanine and ATP for activity and has a higher affinity for pantoate (K(m) 45 microM) than for beta-alanine (K(m) 990 microM). Uncompetitive substrate inhibition becomes significant at pantoate concentrations above 1 mM. The enzyme displays optimal activity at about 0.5 mM pantoate (k(cat) 0.63 s(-1)) and at pH 7.8. Neither oxopantoate nor pantoyl-lactone can replace pantoate as substrate. Antibodies raised against recombinant PS detected a band of 34 kDa in Western blots of Lotus proteins from both roots and leaves. The implications of these findings for pantothenate biosynthesis in plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Genschel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
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Powell CA, Klares S, O'Connor G, Brody JS. Loss of heterozygosity in epithelial cells obtained by bronchial brushing: clinical utility in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5:2025-34. [PMID: 10473082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether loss of heterozygosity (LOH) could be a useful diagnostic test for lung cancer, we evaluated LOH in cells obtained from bronchial brushings. Cells from radiographically normal and abnormal lungs were obtained from 55 patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Among 38 patients with lung cancer, LOH was present in at least one chromosomal locus in 79%, whereas cytology was positive for malignant cells in 37%. LOH was not restricted to the airway containing the tumor; fifty-three percent of the cancer patients had LOH in the contralateral lung, as did 59% of patients without lung cancer. There was an association between the extent of LOH and proximity to the cancer. The LOH score, which combined measures of fractional allelic loss and percentage of cells with allelic loss, was greater in subjects with positive cytology and on the side of the tumor. A LOH score >10 was positive in 58% of tumor-bearing lungs, in 13% of the contralateral lungs in cancer patients, and in no patients without cancer. Our results suggest that extensive and widespread allelic loss, as indicated by a high LOH score, may be diagnostic of lung cancer. Additional studies will be needed to clarify the clinical potential of using bronchial epithelial cell LOH as a biomarker and diagnostic test for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Powell
- Department of Medicine, Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center, and Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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