1
|
Kamau E, Ngethe H, Sellen D. Breastfeeding at the Workplace in Kenya. J Nutr 2023; 152:2638-2639. [PMID: 36288212 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Ngethe
- Nyeri Referral County Hospital, Ministry of Health, Nyeri, Kenya
| | - Daniel Sellen
- University of Toronto, Anthropology and Nutritional Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adjei AP, Amevinya GS, Quarpong W, Tandoh A, Aryeetey R, Holdsworth M, Agyemang C, Zotor F, Laar ME, Mensah K, Addo P, Laryea D, Asiki G, Sellen D, Vandevijvere S, Laar A. Availability of healthy and unhealthy foods in modern retail outlets located in selected districts of Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Front Public Health 2022; 10:922447. [PMID: 36438248 PMCID: PMC9682120 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.922447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intake of unhealthy foods is linked to the onset of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Availability of unhealthy (nutritionally poor) foods can influence preference, purchasing and consumption of such foods. This study determined the healthiness of foods sold at modern retail outlets- supermarkets and mini-marts in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Methods All modern retail outlets located in six districts of Greater Accra were eligible. Those < 200 m2 of floor area and with permanent structures were categorized as mini-marts; and those ≥200 m2 as supermarkets. Shelf length of all available foods were measured. Healthiness of food was determined using two criteria - the NOVA classification and energy density of foods. Thus, ultra-processed foods or food items with >225 kcal/100 g were classified as unhealthy. The ratio of the area occupied by unhealthy to healthy foods was used to determine the healthiness of modern retail outlets. Results Of 67 retail outlets assessed, 86.6% were mini-marts. 85.0% of the total SHELF area was occupied by foods categorized as unhealthy (ranging from 9,262 m2 in Ashiaman Municipality to 41,892 m2 in Accra Metropolis). Refined grains/grain products were the most available, occupying 30.0% of the total food shelf space, followed by sugar-sweetened beverages (20.1% of total shelf space). The least available food group-unprocessed staples, was found in only one high income district, and occupied 0.1% of the total food shelf space. Retail outlets in two districts did not sell fresh fruits or fresh/unsalted canned vegetables. About two-thirds of food products available (n = 3,952) were ultra-processed. Overall, the ratio of ultra-processed-to-unprocessed foods ranged from 3 to 7 with an average (SD) of 5(2). Thus, for every healthy food, there were five ultra-processed ones in the studied retail outlets. Conclusion This study reveals widespread availability of ultra-processed foods in modern retail outlets within the selected districts. Toward a healthier food retail environment, public health and food regulators, in partnership with other stakeholders need to institute measures that improve availability of healthy foods within supermarkets and mini-marts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akosua Pokua Adjei
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gideon Senyo Amevinya
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Wilhemina Quarpong
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Akua Tandoh
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richmond Aryeetey
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- UMR MoISA (Montpellier Interdisciplinary Centre on Sustainable Agri-Food Systems), (Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francis Zotor
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Matilda E. Laar
- Department Family and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kobby Mensah
- Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Phyllis Addo
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Dennis Laryea
- Non-Communicable Disease Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana,*Correspondence: Amos Laar
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tandoh A, Aryeetey R, Agyemang C, Holdsworth M, Asiki G, Zotor F, Mensah K, Laar ME, Laryea D, Sellen D, Vandevijvere S, Laar A. The Africa Food Environment Research Network (FERN): from concept to practice. Glob Health Promot 2022:17579759221126155. [DOI: 10.1177/17579759221126155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: Africa is contending with unhealthy food environments that are, in part, driving increasing rates of overweight, obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases, alongside persistent undernutrition. This current paradigm requires expanded efforts – both in the volume and nature of empirical research, as well as the tools and capacity of those who conduct it. High quality and context-relevant research supports the development and implementation of policies that create healthy food environments. Aim and approach: This paper sets out the concept of the Africa Food Environment Research Network (FERN) initiative recently established by the Measurement, Evaluation, Accountability, and Leadership Support for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (MEALS4NCDs) prevention project. Central to the Africa FERN initiative are: 1) building research capacity for innovative food environment research in Africa; 2) improving South–South, South–North partnerships to stimulate robust food environment research and monitoring in Africa and 3) sustaining dialogue and focusing priorities around current and future needs for enhanced food environment research and monitoring in Africa. Conclusion: The FERN initiative presents an opportune platform for researchers in Africa and the global North to weave the threads of experience and expertise for research capacity building, collaboration and advocacy, to advance food environment research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akua Tandoh
- Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richmond Aryeetey
- Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- UMR MoISA (Montpellier Interdisciplinary Centre on Sustainable Agri-food systems), (Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Zotor
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Kobby Mensah
- Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Matilda E. Laar
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Dennis Laryea
- Non-Communicable Disease Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oosterhoff AT, Sellen D, Haisma H. The Content and Sources of Breastfeeding Knowledge for New Mothers in the Netherlands. Open Nurs J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18744346-v16-e2203220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
In the context of decreasing breastfeeding rates and unsuccessful breastfeeding promotion campaigns, a qualitative research project in the Northern part of the Netherlands was initiated.
Objectives:
As part of the overall project, the aim of this study was to explore the content and sources of breastfeeding knowledge among primiparous women. Identifying and categorizing the content and the sources of breastfeeding knowledge could guide professionals such as midwives and maternity nurses as well as others in the women’s surroundings to engage in disseminating knowledge and therefore support women in achieving their breastfeeding goals.
Methods:
We conducted 26 in-depth interviews from the emic perspective with 13 new mothers pre- and postpartum, up to saturation level. Transcripts were analysed applying thematic analysis. As sensitising concepts, the themes identified were divided into two categories: those gained from 'professional' sources and those obtained from 'popular' sources.
Results:
Five knowledge content themes were identified: (1) pros and cons of breastfeeding, (2) how breastfeeding works, (3) individual breastfeeding practice, (4) expressing milk, and (5) formula feeding. ‘Professional’ sources are perceived as more helpful than ‘popular’ sources, whereas ‘intuition’ was inductively identified as an important knowledge source.
Conclusion:
Limited breastfeeding practice exposure, along with the recommendations to breastfeed for six months and perceptions of breastfeeding as ‘natural’ at the same time, generates much pressure in women. Emphasizing all knowledge content in campaigns, addressing a variety of target groups in women’s social environment, and recognizing intuition as an adequate source of knowledge supported by professionals will facilitate women in making informed infant feeding decisions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Norris SA, Draper CE, Prioreschi A, Smuts CM, Ware LJ, Dennis C, Awadalla P, Bassani D, Bhutta Z, Briollais L, Cameron DW, Chirwa T, Fallon B, Gray CM, Hamilton J, Jamison J, Jaspan H, Jenkins J, Kahn K, Kengne AP, Lambert EV, Levitt N, Martin MC, Ramsay M, Roth D, Scherer S, Sellen D, Slemming W, Sloboda D, Szyf M, Tollman S, Tomlinson M, Tough S, Matthews SG, Richter L, Lye S. Building knowledge, optimising physical and mental health and setting up healthier life trajectories in South African women ( Bukhali): a preconception randomised control trial part of the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059914. [PMID: 35450913 PMCID: PMC9024255 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION South Africa's evolving burden of disease is challenging due to a persistent infectious disease, burgeoning obesity, most notably among women and rising rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With two thirds of women presenting at their first antenatal visit either overweight or obese in urban South Africa (SA), the preconception period is an opportunity to optimise health and offset transgenerational risk of both obesity and NCDs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Bukhali is the first individual randomised controlled trial in Africa to test the efficacy of a complex continuum of care intervention and forms part of the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) consortium implementing harmonised trials in Canada, China, India and SA. Starting preconception and continuing through pregnancy, infancy and childhood, the intervention is designed to improve nutrition, physical and mental health and health behaviours of South African women to offset obesity-risk (adiposity) in their offspring. Women aged 18-28 years (n=6800) will be recruited from Soweto, an urban-poor area of Johannesburg. The primary outcome is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry derived fat mass index (fat mass divided by height2) in the offspring at age 5 years. Community health workers will deliver the intervention randomly to half the cohort by providing health literacy material, dispensing a multimicronutrient supplement, providing health services and feedback, and facilitating behaviour change support sessions to optimise: (1) nutrition, (2) physical and mental health and (3) lay the foundations for healthier pregnancies and early child development. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Human Ethics Research Committee University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (M1811111), the University of Toronto, Canada (19-0066-E) and the WHO Ethics Committee (ERC.0003328). Data and biological sample sharing policies are consistent with the governance policy of the HeLTI Consortium (https://helti.org) and South African government legislation (POPIA). The recruitment and research team will obtain informed consent. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za) on 25 March 2019 (identifier: PACTR201903750173871). PROTOCOL VERSION 20 March 2022 (version #4). Any protocol amendments will be communicated to investigators, Institutional Review Board (IRB)s, trial participants and trial registries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Norris
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
| | - Alessandra Prioreschi
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
| | - C M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence of Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lisa Jayne Ware
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - CindyLee Dennis
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Awadalla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Bassani
- Centre for Global Child Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - D William Cameron
- Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Chirwa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - B Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C M Gray
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Jamison
- Community Services, Red River College, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heather Jaspan
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Jenkins
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Uinversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A P Kengne
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Naomi Levitt
- Chronic Diseases Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Roth
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Scherer
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wiedaad Slemming
- Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
| | - Deborah Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen Tollman
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Uinversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Richter
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen Lye
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laar AK, Addo P, Aryeetey R, Agyemang C, Zotor F, Asiki G, Rampalli KK, Amevinya GS, Tandoh A, Nanema S, Adjei AP, Laar ME, Mensah K, Laryea D, Sellen D, Vandevijvere S, Turner C, Osei-Kwasi H, Spires M, Blake C, Rowland D, Kadiyala S, Madzorera I, Diouf A, Covic N, Dzudzor IM, Annan R, Milani P, Nortey J, Bricas N, Mphumuzi S, Anchang KY, Jafri A, Dhall M, Lee A, Mackay S, Oti SO, Hofman K, Frongillo EA, Holdsworth M. Perspective: Food Environment Research Priorities for Africa-Lessons from the Africa Food Environment Research Network. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:739-747. [PMID: 35254411 PMCID: PMC9156374 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades, many African countries have undergone dietary and nutrition transitions fueled by globalization, rapid urbanization, and development. These changes have altered African food environments and, subsequently, dietary behaviors, including food acquisition and consumption. Dietary patterns associated with the nutrition transition have contributed to Africa's complex burden of malnutrition-obesity and other diet-related noncommunicable diseases (DR-NCDs)-along with persistent food insecurity and undernutrition. Available evidence links unhealthy or obesogenic food environments (including those that market and offer energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages) with suboptimal diets and associated adverse health outcomes. Elsewhere, governments have responded with policies to improve food environments. However, in Africa, the necessary research and policy action have received insufficient attention. Contextual evidence to motivate, enable, and create supportive food environments in Africa for better population health is urgently needed. In November 2020, the Measurement, Evaluation, Accountability, and Leadership Support for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention Project (MEALS4NCDs) convened the first Africa Food Environment Research Network Meeting (FERN2020). This 3-d virtual meeting brought researchers from around the world to deliberate on future directions and research priorities related to improving food environments and nutrition across the African continent. The stakeholders shared experiences, best practices, challenges, and opportunities for improving the healthfulness of food environments and related policies in low- and middle-income countries. In this article, we summarize the proceedings and research priorities identified in the meeting to advance the food environment research agenda in Africa, and thus contribute to the promotion of healthier food environments to prevent DR-NCDs, and other forms of malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phyllis Addo
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Richmond Aryeetey
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francis Zotor
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Krystal K Rampalli
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Gideon S Amevinya
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akua Tandoh
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Silver Nanema
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akosua Pokua Adjei
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Matilda E Laar
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kobby Mensah
- Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dennis Laryea
- Non-Communicable Disease Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Turner
- Department of Food and Markets, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hibbah Osei-Kwasi
- Geography Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Spires
- Centre for Food Policy, City University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dominic Rowland
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suneetha Kadiyala
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adama Diouf
- Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Namukolo Covic
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Isaac M Dzudzor
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reginald Annan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - John Nortey
- Statistics, Research, and Information Directorate, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nicholas Bricas
- UMR MoISA (Montpellier Interdisciplinary Center on Sustainable Agri-food Systems), CIRAD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Ali Jafri
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Meenal Dhall
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amanda Lee
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally Mackay
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel O Oti
- International Development Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Karen Hofman
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Sciences - PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- UMR MoISA (Montpellier Interdisciplinary Center on Sustainable Agri-food Systems), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McAuliffe C, Upshur R, Sellen D, Di Ruggiero E. You can't report your feelings: The hidden labor of managing threats to safety by women in global public health fieldwork. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000153. [PMID: 36962277 PMCID: PMC10022030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing job market demand for and availability of Canadian and U.S. global academic health programs in post-secondary education increases student demand to participate in internationally based fieldwork, while supportive resources remain weakly developed. Previous studies indicate provisions to protect the health, safety, and well-being of women students remain inadequately addressed during training, while more research to identify needs, expectations, gaps, and best practices would inform policy and practice to improve conditions for women working off-campus on global public health studies. One approach, reported here, is to document and better understand the lived experience of U.S. or Canadian women graduate students participating in global public health fieldwork. Participant in-depth phenomenological interviews and guided writing exercises aimed to capture lived experience descriptions for 25 women. A phenomenology of practice was applied throughout the research process, following Max van Manen's qualitative methodology approach. Loss of environmental familiarity, combined with graduate students' lack of power, created considerable hidden labor described by women in working to keep themselves safe from sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) while participating in global public health fieldwork. Women shared specific experiences exemplifying how this can be both alleviated and/or intensified through a range of negotiated strategies, coping styles, and management techniques. Additionally, women recalled laboring as students to avoid or reduce instances of SGBV, that then, precluded them from having any material "of substance" to report once returned home. These findings offer new meaning structures, language for a foreign experience, or ways to describe, conceive of, and respond to global public health fieldwork that hold the potential to positively affect individuals' experiences, institutional understanding, and thus practice, of future women students in global public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey McAuliffe
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ross Upshur
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erica Di Ruggiero
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bleecker L, Sauveplane-Stirling V, Di Ruggiero E, Sellen D. Evaluating the integration of strategic priorities within a complex research-for-development funding program. Eval Program Plann 2021; 89:102009. [PMID: 34562669 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2021.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the application of Complexity Theory constructs to a research-for-development program evaluation and presents an overview of the implications and promising approaches for evaluating complex programs. We discuss lessons learned from an evaluation completed for the International Development Research Centre's Food, Environment and Health (FEH) program, which investigated the integration and outcomes of five strategic program priorities: partnerships, southern leadership, gender and equity, scale, and environmental sustainability. We present interpretations from a secondary, thematic content analysis that categorized evaluation findings across four complexity constructs: emergence, unpredictability, contradiction and self-organization. Viewing the evaluation through these constructs surfaced some important features of the FEH program to date, specifically its evolving approach, adaptiveness to emergent issues, non-linear outcomes, and self-organizing agents, which had several implications for the evaluative process. We conclude that the most appropriate evaluation designs for complex funding programs are participatory (to explore all stakeholders' influence), adaptive (to capture the unexpected) and assess external contexts. The application of complexity constructs may be useful for evaluators to gain a deeper understanding of how program contexts change in the face of complexity and why some evaluation methods work more effectively than others.
Collapse
|
9
|
Laar A, Kelly B, Holdsworth M, Quarpong W, Aryeetey R, Amevinya GS, Tandoh A, Agyemang C, Zotor F, Laar ME, Mensah K, Laryea D, Asiki G, Pradeilles R, Sellen D, L'Abbe MR, Vandevijvere S. Providing Measurement, Evaluation, Accountability, and Leadership Support (MEALS) for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention in Ghana: Project Implementation Protocol. Front Nutr 2021; 8:644320. [PMID: 34485355 PMCID: PMC8416277 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.644320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study describes the rationale, adaptation, and final protocol of a project developed to address the increase in obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs) in Ghana. Code-named the Measurement, Evaluation, Accountability, and Leadership Support for NCDs (MEALS4NCDs) project, it aims to measure and support public sector actions that create healthy food marketing, retail, and provisioning environments for Ghanaian children using adapted methods from the International Network for Food and Obesity/NCDs Research Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). Methods: The protocol for this observational study draws substantially from the INFORMAS' Food Promotion and Food Provision Modules. However, to appraise the readiness of local communities to implement interventions with strong potential to improve food environments of Ghanaian children, the MEALS4NCDs protocol has innovatively integrated a local community participatory approach based on the community readiness model (CRM) into the INFORMAS approaches. The setting is Ghana, and the participants include health and nutrition policy-makers, nutrition and food service providers, consumers, school authorities, and pupils of Ghanaian basic schools. Results: The study establishes a standardized approach to providing implementation science evidence for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Ghana. It demonstrates feasibility and the innovative application of the INFORMAS expanded food promotion and food provision modules, together with the integration of the CRM in a lower-middle income setting. Conclusion: The research will facilitate the understanding of the processes through which the INFORMAS approach is contextualized to a lower-middle income African context. The protocol could be adapted for similar country settings to monitor relevant aspects of food environments of children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bridget Kelly
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- UMR MoISA (Montpellier Interdisciplinary Centre on Sustainable Agri-Food Systems), (Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Wilhemina Quarpong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richmond Aryeetey
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gideon Senyo Amevinya
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akua Tandoh
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francis Zotor
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Matilda E Laar
- Department Family and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kobby Mensah
- Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dennis Laryea
- Non-communicable Disease Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rebecca Pradeilles
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary R L'Abbe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pelletier H, Bleecker L, Sauveplane-Stirling V, Di Ruggiero E, Sellen D. Building the field of food systems research: commentary on a research funder's role. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:101. [PMID: 34271926 PMCID: PMC8283388 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Food, Environment, and Health (FEH) program of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) aims to improve the health of low- and middle-income country populations by generating evidence, innovations, and policies that reduce the health and economic burdens of preventable chronic and infectious diseases. A predominant focus of the FEH program is research related to consumer food environments that promote or enable healthy and sustainable shifts in consumption. An evaluation of the FEH program, led by the University of Toronto, provided an opportunity to analyse the approach and role of a development funder in building the field of food systems research. Discussion In this commentary, we provide an external evaluator’s perspective on the IDRC’s contributory role in building the field of food systems research, based on a secondary analysis of findings from a recent FEH program evaluation. We used the field-building framework outlined in Di Ruggiero et al. (Health Res Policy System, 2017) to highlight the strengths and challenges of the FEH’s approach to field-building and determined that the program aligns with six of the seven features of the framework. The FEH program has enhanced support and awareness for food systems research, provided organized funding and capacity-building opportunities, multilevel activity to support research and its use, and strong scientific leadership, and set significant standards and exemplars. However, we also found that not all sociopolitical environments have fully recognized or valued food systems research and its use for policy change. Conclusion The FEH program’s field-building approach can be situated within the field-building framework, and it has been successful in laying the groundwork for building the field of food systems, particularly consumer food environments research. However, supportive external environments and further investments may be needed to achieve a critical mass of capacity, continue building communities of practice, and influence policy. The FEH program approach may serve as an exemplar and comparator for other research funding agencies looking to develop strategic research programming in the field of food systems research.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mildon A, Francis J, Stewart S, Underhill B, Ng YM, Rousseau C, Ruggiero ED, Dennis CL, Kiss A, O'Connor D, Sellen D. Use of Expressed Breastmilk at Two Weeks Postpartum Is Associated With Early Cessation and Non-exclusive Breastmilk Feeding for Six Months in a Cohort of Vulnerable Women. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab046_083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Pumping and feeding expressed breastmilk (EBM) in the early postpartum period are common but may not support longer-term breastfeeding outcomes. Our objectives were to examine in a cohort of vulnerable mothers of term-born infants: i) the prevalence of EBM feeding; and ii) associations between EBM use at two weeks and any and exclusive breastmilk feeding over the first six months postpartum.
Methods
We pooled data from two studies conducted with participants (n = 316) at three Toronto sites implementing the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program, an initiative targeting vulnerable families. Socio-demographic data were collected prenatally or at two weeks postpartum. Household food insecurity was assessed at six months using the Canadian Community Health Survey module. A standardized questionnaire was administered prospectively at two weeks and two, four and six months postpartum to collect data on infant feeding practices in the previous two weeks. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed.
Results
The mean age of participants was 32 years, 91% were born outside Canada and 38% had lived in Canada less than three years. Nearly half (44%) reported household food insecurity. All participants initiated breastfeeding and 34% reported EBM use at two weeks postpartum. This declined to 24% at two months, 14% at four months and 8% at six months postpartum. Over the six-month follow-up period, 20% discontinued any breastmilk feeding and only 16% practiced exclusive breastmilk feeding. In adjusted models, EBM use at two weeks was associated with breastmilk feeding cessation (OR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.4–5.2) and non-exclusive breastmilk feeding for six months postpartum (OR 4.32; 95% CI 1.8–10.5).
Conclusions
EBM use in the first two weeks was a predictor of early cessation and non-exclusive breastmilk feeding for six months postpartum in our cohort of vulnerable women living in an urban Canadian context and accessing prenatal nutrition programs. Further research is needed to determine whether early EBM use is a marker for breastfeeding difficulties or undermines longer-term breastfeeding outcomes.
Funding Sources
Canadian Institutes of Health Research; The Sprott Foundation: Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Man Ng
- Parkdale Queen West Community Health Centre
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumaran K, Krishnaveni GV, Suryanarayana KG, Prasad MP, Belavendra A, Atkinson S, Balasubramaniam R, Bandsma RHJ, Bhutta ZA, Chandak GR, Comelli EM, Davidge ST, Dennis CL, Hammond GL, Jha P, Joseph KS, Joshi SR, Krishna M, Lee K, Lye S, McGowan P, Nepomnaschy P, Padvetnaya V, Pyne S, Sachdev HS, Sahariah SA, Singhal N, Trasler J, Yajnik CS, Baird J, Barker M, Martin MC, Husain N, Sellen D, Fall CHD, Shah PS, Matthews SG. Protocol for a cluster randomised trial evaluating a multifaceted intervention starting preconceptionally-Early Interventions to Support Trajectories for Healthy Life in India (EINSTEIN): a Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) Study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045862. [PMID: 33593789 PMCID: PMC7888364 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative is an international consortium comprising four harmonised but independently powered trials to evaluate whether an integrated intervention starting preconceptionally will reduce non-communicable disease risk in their children. This paper describes the protocol of the India study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study set in rural Mysore will recruit ~6000 married women over the age of 18 years. The village-based cluster randomised design has three arms (preconception, pregnancy and control; 35 villages per arm). The longitudinal multifaceted intervention package will be delivered by community health workers and comprise: (1) measures to optimise nutrition; (2) a group parenting programme integrated with cognitive-behavioral therapy; (3) a lifestyle behaviour change intervention to support women to achieve a diverse diet, exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months, timely introduction of diverse and nutritious infant weaning foods, and adopt appropriate hygiene measures; and (4) the reduction of environmental pollution focusing on indoor air pollution and toxin avoidance.The primary outcome is adiposity in children at age 5 years, measured by fat mass index. We will report on a host of intermediate and process outcomes. We will collect a range of biospecimens including blood, urine, stool and saliva from the mothers, as well as umbilical cord blood, placenta and specimens from the offspring.An intention-to-treat analysis will be adopted to assess the effect of interventions on outcomes. We will also undertake process and economic evaluations to determine scalability and public health translation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the institutional ethics committee of the lead institute. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. We will interact with policy makers at local, national and international agencies to enable translation. We will also share the findings with the participants and local community through community meetings, newsletters and local radio. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN20161479, CTRI/2020/12/030134; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanaraman Kumaran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Kumar Gavali Suryanarayana
- Department of Academics and Research, Vivekananda Memorial Hospital, Saragur, Karnataka, India
- Development Support, Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement, Mysore, India
| | - Manohar Prabhu Prasad
- Department of Academics and Research, Vivekananda Memorial Hospital, Saragur, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Stephanie Atkinson
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giriraj Ratan Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey L Hammond
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Prabhat Jha
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Nutritional Medicine Division, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Murali Krishna
- Foundation for Research and Advocacy in Mental Health (FRAMe), Mysore, India
| | - Kang Lee
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, OISE/University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Alliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Physiology, and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick McGowan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Nepomnaschy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vivek Padvetnaya
- Jindal School of Government and Public Policy, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Saumyadipta Pyne
- Public Health Dynamics Lab and Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Health Analytics Network, Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Harshpal Singh Sachdev
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sirazul Ameen Sahariah
- Reproductive Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health and Nutrition, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nalini Singhal
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Mull, Canada
| | - Jacquetta Trasler
- Departments of Pediatrics, Human Genetics, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Janis Baird
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Martin
- Alliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nusrat Husain
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Alliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Physiology, and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dennis CL, Marini F, Dick JA, Atkinson S, Barrett J, Bell R, Berard A, Berger H, Brown HK, Constantin E, Da Costa D, Feller A, Guttmann A, Janus M, Joseph KS, Jüni P, Kimmins S, Letourneau N, Li P, Lye S, Maguire JL, Matthews SG, Millar D, Misita D, Murphy K, Nuyt AM, O'Connor DL, Parekh RS, Paterson A, Puts M, Ray J, Roumeliotis P, Scherer S, Sellen D, Semenic S, Shah PS, Smith GN, Stremler R, Szatmari P, Telnner D, Thorpe K, Tremblay MS, Vigod S, Walker M, Birken C. Protocol for a randomised trial evaluating a preconception-early childhood telephone-based intervention with tailored e-health resources for women and their partners to optimise growth and development among children in Canada: a Healthy Life Trajectory Initiative (HeLTI Canada). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046311. [PMID: 33568380 PMCID: PMC7878148 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' hypothesis suggests that a healthy trajectory of growth and development in pregnancy and early childhood is necessary for optimal health, development and lifetime well-being. The purpose of this paper is to present the protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating a preconception-early childhood telephone-based intervention with tailored e-health resources for women and their partners to optimise growth and development among children in Canada: a Healthy Life Trajectory Initiative (HeLTI Canada). The primary objective of HeLTI Canada is to determine whether a 4-phase 'preconception to early childhood' lifecourse intervention can reduce the rate of child overweight and obesity. Secondary objectives include improved child: (1) growth trajectories; (2) cardiometabolic risk factors; (3) health behaviours, including nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep; and (4) development and school readiness at age 5 years. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A randomised controlled multicentre trial will be conducted in two of Canada's highly populous provinces-Alberta and Ontario-with 786 nulliparous (15%) and 4444 primiparous (85%) women, their partners and, when possible, the first 'sibling child.' The intervention is telephone-based collaborative care delivered by experienced public health nurses trained in healthy conversation skills that includes detailed risk assessments, individualised structured management plans, scheduled follow-up calls, and access to a web-based app with individualised, evidence-based resources. An 'index child' conceived after randomisation will be followed until age 5 years and assessed for the primary and secondary outcomes. Pregnancy, infancy (age 2 years) and parental outcomes across time will also be assessed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received approval from Clinical Trials Ontario (CTO 1776). The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to policymakers at local, national and international agencies. Findings will also be shared with study participants and their communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN13308752; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence S. Bloomburg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Abbass Dick
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rhonda Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anick Berard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Saint Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Howard Berger
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hillary K Brown
- Department of Health & Society (Scarborough Campus), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyn Constantin
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Da Costa
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Ontario, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrea Feller
- Niagara Region Public Health, Thorold, Ontario, Canada
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Millar
- Monarch Maternal and Newborn Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dragana Misita
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kellie Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Saint Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rulan Savita Parekh
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Paterson
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martine Puts
- Lawrence S. Bloomburg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel Ray
- St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Scherer
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Semenic
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Ontario, Canada
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graeme N Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robyn Stremler
- Lawrence S. Bloomburg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deanna Telnner
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Thorpe
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone Vigod
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Birken
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beckworth C, Riddle A, Sauveplane-Stirling V, Sellen D, Welch V, Rego D, Wuehler S. Mobilizing Knowledge: A Comprehensive Toolkit for Quality Assured Nutrition Data and Piloting Gender Indicators. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa056_006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Nutrition International (NI) sought to standardize and add novel indicators to the multiple coverage surveys conducted each year on maternal, newborn, infant and child nutrition programs to assure quality and timely, gender-related data that meets next-generation monitoring needs.
Methods
In collaboration with Campbell Collaboration (CC) and University of Toronto (UT), NI developed a comprehensive step-wise survey toolkit with multiple intervention modules using a systematic process for selecting and contextualizing indicators (NI), validating data quality (NI-UT) and piloting gender indicators derived based on statistical modelling results using Demographic and Health Survey gender and nutrition related data (CC-NI). The resulting Nutrition Information Monitoring Systems (NIMS) toolkit now includes ODK formatted questionnaire templates, quality control and assurance checklists and ready-to-use SPSS syntax for data analysis and interpretation purposes. NIMS derives its results from household-level information through the following modules: zinc and Oral Rehydration Salts coverage for diarrhea treatment, maternal-newborn nutrition, weekly iron-folic acid supplementation among adolescent girls, and infant and young child nutrition – each with selected knowledge components and newly-devised gender-related questions to inform NI's nutrition-sensitive programs. Selected modules were implemented in NI's ten intervention countries 2019–20.
Results
Application of these procedures and quality metrics allowed NI program officers to: 1) systematically assess quality during data collection – identifying and correcting surveyor errors and potential sampling bias in a timely fashion, 2) validate and visually demonstrate data quality to relevant stakeholders, and 3) produce quality assured data within 1–3 weeks, compared to 1–3 months for previous surveys that did not use the NIMS procedures and tools.
Conclusions
This systematic approach facilitated reporting timely, quality assured nutrition program data to inform how NI interventions and gender-related analyses will identify how NI's programming can be more gender-responsive.
Funding Sources
CanWaCH, Global Affairs Canada and Nutrition International.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Background Behavior change communication (BCC) to improve health and caring practices is an integral component of efforts to improve maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH). Mobile phones are widely available in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), presenting new opportunities for BCC delivery. There is need for delivery science to determine how best to leverage mobile phone technology for BCC to improve MNCH practices. Methods We conducted a scoping review of studies and project reports documenting the feasibility, implementation or effectiveness of using mobile phones for BCC delivery related to MNCH in LMIC. Data were extracted and synthesized from three sources: i) systematic search of three electronic databases (PubMed, MedLine, Scopus); ii) grey literature search, including mHealth databases and websites of organizations implementing mHealth projects; iii) consultation with researchers and programme implementers. Records were screened using pre-determined inclusion criteria and those selected were categorized according to their primary intervention delivery approaches. We then performed a descriptive analysis of the evidence related to both effectiveness and implementation for each delivery approach. Results The systematic literature search identified 1374 unique records, 64 of which met inclusion criteria. The grey literature search added 32 records for a total of 96 papers in the scoping review. Content analysis of the search results identified four BCC delivery approaches: direct messaging, voice counseling, job aid applications and interactive media. Evidence for the effectiveness of these approaches is growing but remains limited for many MNCH outcomes. The four approaches differ in key implementation elements, including frequency, length and complexity of communication, and potential for personalization. These elements influence resource allocation and are likely to impact effectiveness for BCC targeting complex, habitual MNCH practices. Conclusions This scoping review contributes to the evidence-base on the opportunities and limitations of using mobile phones for BCC delivery aiming to improve MNCH practices. The incorporation of mobile phone technology in BCC interventions should be guided by formative research to match both the content and delivery approach to the local context. We recommend five areas for further research, including both effectiveness and implementation studies on specific delivery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mildon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Joannah & Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Francis J, Mildon A, Stewart S, Underhill B, Tarasuk V, Di Ruggiero E, Sellen D, O'Connor DL. Vulnerable mothers' experiences breastfeeding with an enhanced community lactation support program. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 16:e12957. [PMID: 31984642 PMCID: PMC7296823 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) provides a variety of health and nutrition supports to vulnerable mothers and strongly promotes breastfeeding but does not have a formal framework for postnatal lactation support. Breastfeeding duration and exclusivity rates in Canada fall well below global recommendations, particularly among socially and economically vulnerable women. We aimed to explore CPNP participant experiences with breastfeeding and with a novel community lactation support program in Toronto, Canada that included access to certified lactation consultants and an electric breast pump, if needed. Four semistructured focus groups and 21 individual interviews (n = 46 women) were conducted between September and December 2017. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Study participants reported a strong desire to breastfeed but a lack of preparation for breastfeeding‐associated challenges. Three main challenges were identified by study participants: physical (e.g., pain and low milk supply), practical (e.g., cost of breastfeeding support and maternal time pressures), and breastfeeding self‐efficacy (e.g., concern about milk supply and conflicting information). Mothers reported that the free lactation support helped to address breastfeeding challenges. In their view, the key element of success with the new program was the in‐home visit by the lactation consultant, who was highly skilled and provided care in a non‐judgmental manner. They reported this support would have been otherwise unavailable due to cost or travel logistics. This study suggests value in exploring the addition of postnatal lactation support to the well‐established national CPNP as a means to improve breastfeeding duration and exclusivity among vulnerable women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Francis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Mildon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacia Stewart
- Health Promotion & Community Engagement, Parkdale Queen West Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bronwyn Underhill
- Health Promotion & Community Engagement, Parkdale Queen West Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Tarasuk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Di Ruggiero
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hackett K, Kazemi M, Lafleur C, Nyella P, Godfrey L, Sellen D. 'It makes you someone who changes with the times': health worker and client perspectives on a smartphone-based counselling application deployed in rural Tanzania. Health Policy Plan 2020; 34:307-315. [PMID: 31155655 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) applications have been developed for community health workers (CHW) to help simplify tasks, enhance service delivery and promote healthy behaviours. These strategies hold promise, particularly for support of pregnancy and childbirth in low-income countries (LIC), but their design and implementation must incorporate CHW clients' perspectives to be effective and sustainable. Few studies examine how mHealth influences client and supervisor perceptions of CHW performance and quality of care in LIC. This study was embedded within a larger cluster-randomized, community intervention trial in Singida, Tanzania. CHW in intervention areas were trained to use a smartphone application designed to improve data management, patient tracking and delivery of health messages during prenatal counselling visits with women clients. Qualitative data collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews illustrated mostly positive perceptions of smartphone-assisted counselling among clients and supervisors including: increased quality of care; and improved communication, efficiency and data management. Clients also associated smartphone-assisted counselling with overall health system improvements even though the functions of the smartphones were not well understood. Smartphones were thought to signify modern, up-to-date biomedical information deemed highly desirable during pregnancy and childbirth in this context. In this rural Tanzanian setting, mHealth tools positively influenced community perceptions of health system services and client expectations of health workers; policymakers and implementers must ensure these expectations are met. Such interventions must be deeply embedded into health systems to have long-term impacts on maternal and newborn health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Hackett
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mina Kazemi
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Curtis Lafleur
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 700 Gordon St. W, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Nyella
- Irish Aid Tanzania, 353 Toure Drive, Masaki, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lawelu Godfrey
- World Vision Tanzania, Radio Tanzania Road, Block C, Plot No. 181, Njiro, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hackett K, Lafleur C, Nyella P, Ginsburg O, Lou W, Sellen D. Impact of smartphone-assisted prenatal home visits on women's use of facility delivery: Results from a cluster-randomized trial in rural Tanzania. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199400. [PMID: 29912954 PMCID: PMC6005474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About half of births in rural Tanzania are assisted by skilled providers. Point-of-care mobile phone applications hold promise in boosting job support for community health workers aiming to ensure safe motherhood through increased facility delivery awareness, access and uptake. We conducted a controlled comparison to evaluate a smartphone-based application designed to assist community health workers with data collection, education delivery, gestational danger sign identification, and referrals. METHODS Community health workers in 32 randomly selected villages were cluster-randomized to training on either smartphone (intervention) or paper-based (control) protocols for use during household visits with pregnant women. The primary outcome measure was postnatal report of delivery location by 572 women randomly selected to participate in a survey conducted by home visit. A mixed-effects model was used to account for clustering of subjects and other measured factors influencing facility delivery. FINDINGS The smartphone intervention was associated with significantly higher facility delivery: 74% of mothers in intervention areas delivered at or in transit to a health facility, versus 63% in control areas. The odds of facility delivery among women counseled by smartphone-assisted health workers were double the odds among women living in control villages (OR, 1.96; CI, 1.21-3.19; adjusted analyses). Women in intervention areas were more likely to receive two or more visits from a community health worker during pregnancy than women in the control group (72% vs. 60%; chi-square = 6.9; p < 0.01). Previous facility delivery, uptake of antenatal care, and distance to the nearest facility were also strong independent predictors of facility delivery. INTERPRETATION Community health worker use of smartphones increased facility delivery, likely through increased frequency of prenatal home visits. Smartphone-based job aids may enhance community health worker support and effectiveness as one component of intervention packages targeting safe motherhood. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03161184.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Hackett
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Curtis Lafleur
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ophira Ginsburg
- Section for Global Health, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy Lou
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McKerracher LJ, Collard M, Altman RM, Sellen D, Nepomnaschy PA. Energy-related influences on variation in breastfeeding duration among indigenous Maya women from Guatemala. Am J Phys Anthropol 2016; 162:616-626. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luseadra J. McKerracher
- Human Evolutionary Studies Program; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6
- Department of Archaeology; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6
- Centre for Biocultural History; Aarhus University; Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Mark Collard
- Human Evolutionary Studies Program; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6
- Department of Archaeology; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6
- Department of Archaeology; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 3FX United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Altman
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Dalla Lana Institute for Public Health and Department of Anthropology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 2S2
| | - Pablo A. Nepomnaschy
- Human Evolutionary Studies Program; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5A 1S6
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hackett K, Sellen D. Job satisfaction, self-efficacy, and performance of community health
workers participating in a mobile health (mHealth) program to improve
maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) in Rural Tanzania. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
21
|
Moffat T, Sellen D, Wilson W, Anderson L, Chadwick S, Amarra S. Comparison of infant vitamin D supplement use among Canadian-born, immigrant, and refugee mothers. J Transcult Nurs 2014; 26:261-9. [PMID: 24797256 DOI: 10.1177/1043659614531793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compares knowledge and practice of infant vitamin D supplementation among immigrant, refugee, and Canadian-born mothers. METHOD Focus group discussions with 94 mothers of children aged 0 to 3 years recruited from early childhood centers and a refugee health clinic. FINDINGS Both immigrant and Canadian-born mothers indicated good knowledge and use of infant vitamin D supplementation. In contrast, Canadian government-assisted refugees were less likely to supplement with vitamin D. The main source of information about vitamin D was public health prenatal classes. Many mothers reported inconsistent guidance from health care providers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Exclusively breastfed infants of refugees may be more at risk of vitamin D deficiency. All mothers require clear recommendations, both in clinical and public health settings. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Mothers, both new Canadian and Canadian-born, require clear and consistent messaging from health professionals. Refugee mothers, however, require more educational support to promote infant vitamin D supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Moffat
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Sofia Amarra
- International Life Sciences Institute South East Asia Regions (ILSI SEA), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little population-based research has been conducted around the exclusive breastfeeding practices of Inuit Canadians. OBJECTIVES This research aims to assess the distribution of exclusive breastfeeding among Inuit Canadians and to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding as recommended. METHODS We use data from 188 infant-mother dyads who completed the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, a cross-sectional, population-based survey of Inuit children aged 3 to 5 years. A series of multinomial logistic regression models were run to identify factors associated with 4 exclusive breastfeeding durations (≤ 1 month, > 1-< 5.5 months, 5.5-6.5 months, and > 6.5 months). RESULTS Of infants, 23% were exclusively breastfed as recommended (ie, between 5.5 and 6.5 months; 95% CI, 16.2-29.3). Many infants (61%) were exclusively breastfed for less than 5.5 months and 16% (95% CI, 10.9-22.0) were exclusively breastfed for more than 6.5 months. Families receiving income support were less likely to discontinue exclusive breastfeeding before 5.5 months (pOR1- < 5.5 months = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13, 0.85) relative to those not receiving income support, in adjusted models. No other measured factors were significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding duration. CONCLUSIONS The majority of Inuit Canadian infants receive suboptimal exclusive breastfeeding. National, provincial, and community-specific interventions to protect, promote, and support exclusive breastfeeding should emphasize not only the benefits of exclusively breastfeeding to 6 months but also the importance of timely introduction of complementary foods into the infant's diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McIsaac
- 1Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sellen D, Mbugua S, Webb‐Girard A, Lou W, Duan W, Kamau‐Mbuthia E. Cell phone based peer counselling can support exclusive breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial in Kenya (119.5). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.119.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wendy Lou
- Division of BiostatisticsUniversity of TORONTOTorontoONCanada
| | - Wenming Duan
- Division of BiostatisticsUniversity of TORONTOTorontoONCanada
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Garcia J, Hromi-Fiedler A, Mazur RE, Marquis G, Sellen D, Lartey A, Pérez-Escamilla R. Persistent household food insecurity, HIV, and maternal stress in peri-urban Ghana. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:215. [PMID: 23497026 PMCID: PMC3608015 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mental health of caregivers has been shown to be important for improving HIV prevention and treatment. Household food insecurity affects hundreds of millions of individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region that experiences a disproportionate burden of the HIV pandemic. Both maternal HIV diagnosis and household food insecurity may be linked with maternal stress. This in turn may lead to unhealthy coping behaviors. We examined the independent associations of HIV, persistent household food insecurity and the synergistic effect of both on maternal stress. Methods Ghanaian women recruited prenatally from hospitals offering voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) were followed for 12 months after childbirth (N = 232). A locally adapted 7-item version of the US Household Food Security Survey Module was applied at four time points postpartum. We dichotomized participant households as being persistently food insecure (i.e., food insecure at each time point) or not (i.e., food secure at any time point). We dichotomized participant women as not perceiving vs. perceiving stress at 12 months postpartum in reference to the median sample score on the 4-item Cohen’s stress scale. Binary multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the independent and interactive effects of maternal HIV and persistent household food insecurity on maternal stress. Results The proportion of HIV-positive women that lived in severe food insecure households increased over time. By contrast, the HIV-negative group living in severely food insecure households experienced a steady decline across time. HIV-infection (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.29-4.12) and persistent household food insecurity (AOR = 3.55, 95% CI 1.13-11.13) were independently associated with maternal stress in a multivariate model. Being both HIV-positive and persistently food insecure strongly and synergistically increased the risk for maternal perceived stress (AOR = 15.35, 95% CI 1.90-124.14). Conclusion In agreement with syndemic theory there is a powerful synergism between maternal HIV diagnosis and household food insecurity on maternal stress. Comprehensive multi-dimensional intervention studies are needed to better understand how to reduce stress among HIV-positive women living in persistently food insecure households and how to reduce the likelihood of food insecurity in HIV-affected households in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Garcia
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lartey A, Marquis GS, Mazur R, Perez-Escamilla R, Brakohiapa L, Ampofo W, Sellen D, Adu-Afarwuah S. Maternal HIV is associated with reduced growth in the first year of life among infants in the Eastern region of Ghana: the Research to Improve Infant Nutrition and Growth (RIING) Project. Matern Child Nutr 2012; 10:604-16. [PMID: 22905700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children of HIV-infected mothers experience poor growth, but not much is understood about the extent to which such children are affected. The Research to Improve Infant Nutrition and Growth (RIING) Project used a longitudinal study design to investigate the association between maternal HIV status and growth among Ghanaian infants in the first year of life. Pregnant women in their third trimester were enrolled into three groups: HIV-negative (HIV-N, n = 185), HIV-positive (HIV-P, n = 190) and HIV-unknown (HIV-U, n = 177). Socioeconomic data were collected. Infant weight and length were measured at birth and every month until 12 months of age. Weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ) and length-for-age (LAZ) z-scores were compared using analysis of covariance. Infant HIV status was not known as most mothers declined to test their children's status at 12 months. Adjusted mean WAZ and LAZ at birth were significantly higher for infants of HIV-N compared with infants of HIV-P mothers. The prevalence of underweight at 12 months in the HIV-N, HIV-P and HIV-U were 6.6%, 27.5% and 9.9% (P < 0.05), respectively. By 12 months, the prevalence of stunting was significantly different (HIV-N = 6.0%, HIV-P = 26.5% and HIV-U = 5.0%, P < 0.05). The adjusted mean ± SE LAZ (0.57 ± 0.11 vs. -0.95 ± 0.12; P < 0.005) was significantly greater for infants of HIV-N mothers than infants of HIV-P mothers. Maternal HIV is associated with reduce infant growth in weight and length throughout the first year of life. Children of HIV-P mothers living in socioeconomically deprived communities need special support to mitigate any negative effect on growth performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Larson CP, Haddad S, Birn AE, Cole DC, Labonte R, Roberts JH, Schrecker T, Sellen D, Zakus D. Grand Challenges Canada: inappropriate emphasis and missed opportunities in global health research? Can J Public Health 2011. [PMID: 21608389 DOI: 10.1007/bf03404165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In May 2010, Grand Challenges Canada (GCC) was launched with the mandate to identify global challenges in health that could be supported through the Government of Canada's Development Innovations Fund (DIF: $225 million over five years). The GCC offers a potentially excellent mechanism for taking Canada's participation in global health challenges "to a higher level". Recent GCC announcements raise new questions about the emphasis being placed on technological discovery or "catalytic" research. Missing so far are opportunities that the Fund could offer in order to support innovative research addressing i) health systems strengthening, ii) more effective delivery of existing interventions, and iii) policies and programs that address broader social determinants of health. The Canadian Grand Challenges announced to date risk pushing to the sidelines good translational and implementation science and early career-stage scientists addressing important social, environmental and political conditions that affect disease prevalence, progress and treatment; and the many unresolved challenges faced in bringing to scale proven interventions within resource-constrained health systems. We wish to register our concern at the apparent prioritization of biotechnical innovation research and the subordination of the social, environmental, economic and political context in which human health is either protected or eroded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
DiGirolamo AM, Ramirez-Zea M, Wang M, Flores-Ayala R, Martorell R, Neufeld LM, Ramakrishnan U, Sellen D, Black MM, Stein AD. Randomized trial of the effect of zinc supplementation on the mental health of school-age children in Guatemala. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92:1241-50. [PMID: 20881069 PMCID: PMC2954453 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of mental illness in children are increasing throughout the world. Observational studies of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder suggest that zinc is an alternative treatment. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of zinc supplementation on the mental health of school-age children in Guatemala. DESIGN From January to October 2006, we conducted a 6-mo randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing zinc supplementation (10 mg ZnO/d for 5 d/wk) with a placebo (10 mg glucose) in 674 Guatemalan children in grades 1-4. Outcome measures included internalizing (ie, depression and anxiety) and externalizing (ie, hyperactivity and conduct disorder) problem behaviors, positive behaviors (ie, socialization and leadership), and serum zinc concentrations. RESULTS Zinc and placebo groups did not differ significantly in any behavioral measures at baseline or at follow-up. At baseline, 21.4% of children had serum zinc concentrations <65 μg/dL. At follow-up, both groups improved significantly, and zinc concentrations were higher in the zinc group. Increases in serum zinc concentrations were inversely associated with decreases in depressive symptoms (estimate: -0.01 points per μg Zn/dL; P = 0.01), anxiety (estimate: -0.012 points per μg Zn/dL; P = 0.02), internalizing symptoms (estimate: -0.021 points per μg Zn/dL; P = 0.02), and social skills (estimate: -0.019 points per μg Zn/dL; P = 0.01) in adjusted models that were controlled for child age, sex, socioeconomic status, household, and treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Six months of zinc supplementation did not induce differences in mental health outcomes between zinc and placebo groups. However, increases in serum zinc concentrations were associated with decreases in internalizing symptoms (ie, depression and anxiety) in a community-based sample of children at risk of zinc deficiency. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00283660.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M DiGirolamo
- Institute for Community Health, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Himmelgreen DA, Romero-Daza N, Turkon D, Watson S, Okello-Uma I, Sellen D. Addressing the HIV/AIDS—food insecurity syndemic in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of AIDS Research 2009; 8:401-12. [DOI: 10.2989/ajar.2009.8.4.4.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Lartey A, Marquis GS, Perez‐Escamilla R, Mazur R, Sellen D. Maternal HIV status and motor milestone acquisition among Ghanaian infants. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.918.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
| | - Grace S Marquis
- School of Dietetics and Human NutritionMcGill UniversitySte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | | | - Robert Mazur
- Department of SociologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA
| | - Daniel Sellen
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Perez‐Escamilla R, Lartey A, Mazur R, Sellen D, Hromi‐Fiedler A, Marquis G. Maternal HIV status is associated with food insecurity at 12 months post‐partum in Ghana. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.918.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Marcinkevage JA, Flores R, Ramakrishnan U, Zea MR, Sellen D, Stein A, DiGirolamo A. Maternal and child depression and stressful life events as predictors of body composition in urban Guatemalan children. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.874.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Flores
- Division of Nutrition and Health SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | | | - Manuel Ramirez Zea
- Institute of Nutrition of Central America and PanamaGuatemala CityGuatemala
| | | | - Aryeh Stein
- Division of Nutrition and Health SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Ann DiGirolamo
- Division of Nutrition and Health SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sellen D, Wachira C, Gill Z. Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS (PMTCT): client experience with counseling for safe infant feeding (SIF) in Voi Area Development Program, Kenya. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a677-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sellen
- University of Toronto100 St George StTorontoM5S 3G3Canada
| | - Chris Wachira
- Kira Chasimwa PMTCT ProjectWorld Vision Kenya, P.O. Box 50816‐00200NairobiKenya
| | - Zari Gill
- World Vision Canada1 World DriveMississaugaL5T 2Y4Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Little is known about the food insecurity situation among families resettled into the United States as part of the refugee resettlement program. This paper reports on a pilot study examining food insecurity among recently arrived refugee families (n=33). Objectives were to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of methods to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and child hunger, and to examine associations between child hunger and measures of socio-economic status and measures of acculturation. Results indicated that 85% of households were food insecure, and 42% experienced child hunger. Hunger was more likely to be indicated in households using foods stamps, with lower income, and lower education. Hunger was also more likely to be indicated in households where the primary shopper experienced difficulty shopping and with language. Results are in broad agreement with those reported in other studies and highlight economic and information barriers to achieving food security. These data suggest that further study of food insecurity is warranted among recently resettled refugee communities resettled in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Hadley
- Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Diaz E, Goldberg GR, Taylor M, Savage JM, Sellen D, Coward WA, Prentice AM. Effects of dietary supplementation on work performance in Gambian laborers. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53:803-11. [PMID: 1750872 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/53.4.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of food supplementation on productivity of Gambian subsistence farmers was studied during a natural food shortage induced by the annual hungry season. Sixteen men in two groups matched for weight, height, hemoglobin, and physical-work capacity followed a crossover protocol with 6-wk supplementation and control periods. Productivity was assessed over the final 3 wk of each period by quantifying piece-rate-paid road building. Supplementation comprised an ad libitum supply of highly palatable energy-dense food provided three times daily. Outcome variables were total loads transported, loads per working hour, time per load, total energy expenditure assessed by doubly labeled water and heart-rate monitoring, postwork activity, and anthropometry. Body weight decreased during control periods, indicating a real energy deficit, and increased during supplementation in both groups. Supplementation had no significant impact on productivity variables. Energy-deficient men can maintain maximal productivity over short periods if sufficiently motivated but at the expense of body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Diaz
- MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|