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Nugteren S, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Menckeberg CL, Hulleman-van Haaften DH, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Samsom JN. Endogenous secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor inhibits microbial-induced monocyte activation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249964. [PMID: 36480463 PMCID: PMC10107746 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the intestine, epithelial factors condition incoming immune cells including monocytes to adapt their threshold of activation and prevent undesired inflammation. Colonic epithelial cells express Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI), an inhibitor of NF kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) that mediates epithelial hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimuli. Uptake of extracellular SLPI by monocytes has been proposed to inhibit monocyte activation. We questioned whether monocytes can produce SLPI and whether endogenous SLPI can inhibit monocyte activation. We demonstrate that human THP-1 monocytic cells produce SLPI and that CD68+ SLPI-producing cells can be detected in human intestinal lamina propria. Knockdown of SLPI in human THP-1 cells significantly increased NF-κB activation and subsequent C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and TNF-α production in response to microbial stimulation. Reconstitution of SLPI-deficient cells with either full-length SLPI or SLPI lacking its signal peptide rescued inhibition of NF-κB activation and cytokine production, demonstrating that endogenous SLPI inhibits monocytic cell activation. Unexpectedly, exogenous SLPI did not inhibit CXCL8 or TNF-α production, despite efficient uptake. Our data argue that endogenous SLPI can regulate the threshold of activation in monocytes, thereby preventing activation by commensal bacteria in mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Nugteren
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ytje Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Celia L Menckeberg
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle H Hulleman-van Haaften
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Nugteren S, den Uil SH, Delis-van Diemen PM, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, van Haaften DH, Stockmann HBAC, Sanders J, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA, Samsom JN. High expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in stage III micro-satellite stable colorectal cancer is associated with reduced disease recurrence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12174. [PMID: 35842496 PMCID: PMC9288430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a pleiotropic protein produced by healthy intestinal epithelial cells. SLPI regulates NF-κB activation, inhibits neutrophil proteases and has broad antimicrobial activity. Recently, increased SLPI expression was found in various types of carcinomas and was suggested to increase their metastatic potential. Indeed, we demonstrated that SLPI protein expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases and matched primary tumors is associated with worse outcome, suggesting that SLPI promotes metastasis in human CRC. However, whether SLPI plays a role in CRC before distant metastases have formed is unclear. Therefore, we examined whether SLPI expression is associated with prognosis in CRC patients with localized disease. Using a cohort of 226 stage II and 160 stage III CRC patients we demonstrate that high SLPI protein expression is associated with reduced disease recurrence in patients with stage III micro-satellite stable tumors treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, independently of established clinical risk factors (hazard rate ratio 0.54, P-value 0.03). SLPI protein expression was not associated with disease-free survival in stage II CRC patients. Our data suggest that the role of SLPI in CRC may be different depending on the stage of disease. In stage III CRC, SLPI expression may be unfavorable for tumors, whereas SLPI expression may be beneficial for tumors once distant metastases have established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Nugteren
- Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H den Uil
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ytje Simons-Oosterhuis
- Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle H van Haaften
- Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Joosse ME, Charbit-Henrion F, Boisgard R, Raatgeep R(HC, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Costes LMM, Nugteren S, Guegan N, Parlato M, Veenbergen S, Malan V, Nowak JK, Hollink IHIM, Mearin ML, Escher JC, Cerf-Bensussan N, Samsom JN. Duplication of the IL2RA locus causes excessive IL-2 signaling and may predispose to very early onset colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1172-1182. [PMID: 34226674 PMCID: PMC8379074 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Single genetic mutations predispose to very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD). Here, we identify a de novo duplication of the 10p15.1 chromosomal region, including the IL2RA locus, in a 2-year-old girl with treatment-resistant pancolitis that was brought into remission by colectomy. Strikingly, after colectomy while the patient was in clinical remission and without medication, the peripheral blood CD4:CD8 ratio was constitutively high and CD25 expression was increased on circulating effector memory, Foxp3+, and Foxp3neg CD4+ T cells compared to healthy controls. This high CD25 expression increased IL-2 signaling, potentiating CD4+ T-cell-derived IFNγ secretion after T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Restoring CD25 expression using the JAK1/3-inhibitor tofacitinib controlled TCR-induced IFNγ secretion in vitro. As diseased colonic tissue, but not the unaffected duodenum, contained mainly CD4+ T cells with a prominent IFNγ-signature, we hypothesize that local microbial stimulation may have initiated colonic disease. Overall, we identify that duplication of the IL2RA locus can associate with VEO-IBD and suggest that increased IL-2 signaling predisposes to colonic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Joosse
- grid.416135.4Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France ,Department of Molecular Genetics, Université de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France ,GENIUS group from the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), http://www.genius-group.org
| | - Remy Boisgard
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Rolien (H.) C. Raatgeep
- grid.416135.4Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dicky J. Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- grid.416135.4Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Léa M. M. Costes
- grid.416135.4Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Nugteren
- grid.416135.4Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Guegan
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Parlato
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Sharon Veenbergen
- grid.416135.4Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie Malan
- Department of Cytogenetics, Université de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jan K. Nowak
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Iris H. I. M. Hollink
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Luisa Mearin
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. Escher
- grid.416135.4Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Janneke N. Samsom
- grid.416135.4Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Nugteren S, Goos JACM, Delis-van Diemen PM, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, van Haaften DH, Sanders J, Meijer GA, Fijneman RJA, Samsom JN. Expression of the immune modulator secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in colorectal cancer liver metastases and matched primary tumors is associated with a poorer prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1832761. [PMID: 33101778 PMCID: PMC7556627 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1832761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a pleiotropic protein expressed by healthy intestinal epithelial cells, functions as an inhibitor of NF-κB and neutrophil proteases and exerts antimicrobial activity. We previously showed SLPI suppresses intestinal epithelial chemokine production in response to microbial contact. Increased SLPI expression was recently detected in various types of carcinoma. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates SLPI expression is favorable for tumor cells. In view of these findings and the abundance of SLPI in the colonic epithelium, we hypothesized SLPI promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and metastasis. Here, we aimed to establish whether SLPI expression in CRC is related to clinical outcome. Using a cohort of 507 patients with CRC who underwent resection of liver metastases, we show that high SLPI protein expression in both liver metastases and primary CRC is associated with significantly shorter overall survival after resection of liver metastases. The prognostic value of SLPI in CRC patients with liver metastases implies a role for SLPI in the formation of metastasis of human CRC. Based on the immune regulatory functions of SLPI, we anticipate that expression of SLPI provides tumors with a mechanism to evade infiltration by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Nugteren
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Departments of Clinical Neuroscience, Radiopharmacy, and Oncology & Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ytje Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle H van Haaften
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Veenbergen S, Li P, Raatgeep HC, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Farrel A, Costes LMM, Joosse ME, van Berkel LA, de Ruiter LF, van Leeuwen MA, Winter D, Holland SM, Freeman AF, Wakabayashi Y, Zhu J, de Ridder L, Driessen GJ, Escher JC, Leonard WJ, Samsom JN. IL-10 signaling in dendritic cells controls IL-1β-mediated IFNγ secretion by human CD4 + T cells: relevance to inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1201-1211. [PMID: 31417161 PMCID: PMC6752724 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled interferon γ (IFNγ)-mediated T-cell responses to commensal microbiota are a driver of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is crucial for controlling these T-cell responses, but the precise mechanism of inhibition remains unclear. A better understanding of how IL-10 exerts its suppressive function may allow identification of individuals with suboptimal IL-10 function among the heterogeneous population of IBD patients. Using cells from patients with an IL10RA deficiency or STAT3 mutations, we demonstrate that IL-10 signaling in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), but not T cells, is essential for controlling IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells. Deficiency in IL-10 signaling dramatically increased IL-1β release by moDCs. IL-1β boosted IFNγ secretion by CD4+ T cells either directly or indirectly by stimulating moDCs to secrete IL-12. As predicted a signature of IL-10 dysfunction was observed in a subgroup of pediatric IBD patients having higher IL-1β expression in activated immune cells and macroscopically affected intestinal tissue. In agreement, reduced IL10RA expression was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a subgroup of pediatric IBD patients exhibited diminished IL-10 responsiveness. Our data unveil an important mechanism by which IL-10 controls IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells in humans and identifies IL-1β as a potential classifier for a subgroup of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Veenbergen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: , Dr. Janneke N. Samsom, PhD; Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Tel: +31-(0)10-7043444; Fax: +31-(0)10-7044761; Sharon Veenbergen:
| | - P Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - HC Raatgeep
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - DJ Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Farrel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - LMM Costes
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - ME Joosse
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - LA van Berkel
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - LF de Ruiter
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - MA van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Winter
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sophia Children’s Hospital-Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - SM Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - AF Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Y Wakabayashi
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - J Zhu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - L de Ridder
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sophia Children’s Hospital-Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - GJ Driessen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Haga Teaching Hospital, Juliana Children’s Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - JC Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sophia Children’s Hospital-Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - WJ Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - JN Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: , Dr. Janneke N. Samsom, PhD; Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Tel: +31-(0)10-7043444; Fax: +31-(0)10-7044761; Sharon Veenbergen:
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6
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Costes LMM, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, van Berkel LA, Veenbergen S, Raatgeep HRC, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, van Haaften DH, Karrich JJ, Escher JC, Groeneweg M, Clausen BE, Cupedo T, Samsom JN. IL-10 signaling prevents gluten-dependent intraepithelial CD4 + cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and epithelial damage in the small intestine. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:479-490. [PMID: 30542112 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Breach of tolerance to gluten leads to the chronic small intestinal enteropathy celiac disease. A key event in celiac disease development is gluten-dependent infiltration of activated cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), which cytolyze epithelial cells causing crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy. The mechanisms leading to gluten-dependent small intestinal IEL infiltration and activation remain elusive. We have demonstrated that under homeostatic conditions in mice, gluten drives the differentiation of anti-inflammatory T cells producing large amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here we addressed whether this dominant IL-10 axis prevents gluten-dependent infiltration of activated cytotoxic IEL and subsequent small intestinal enteropathy. We demonstrate that IL-10 regulation prevents gluten-induced cytotoxic inflammatory IEL infiltration. In particular, IL-10 suppresses gluten-induced accumulation of a specialized population of cytotoxic CD4+CD8αα+ IEL (CD4+ CTL) expressing Tbx21, Ifng, and Il21, and a disparate non-cytolytic CD4+CD8α- IEL population expressing Il17a, Il21, and Il10. Concomitantly, IL-10 suppresses gluten-dependent small intestinal epithelial hyperproliferation and upregulation of stress-induced molecules on epithelial cells. Remarkably, frequencies of granzyme B+CD4+CD8α+ IEL are increased in pediatric celiac disease patient biopsies. These findings demonstrate that IL-10 is pivotal to prevent gluten-induced small intestinal inflammation and epithelial damage, and imply that CD4+ CTL are potential new players into these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M M Costes
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - D J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - L A van Berkel
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - S Veenbergen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - H R C Raatgeep
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Y Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - D H van Haaften
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - J J Karrich
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - J C Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Groeneweg
- Department of Pediatrics, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, 3079 DZ, The Netherlands
| | - B E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - T Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - J N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
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7
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van Leeuwen MA, Costes LMM, van Berkel LA, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, du Pré MF, Kozijn AE, Raatgeep HC, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, van Rooijen N, Koning F, Samsom JN. Macrophage-mediated gliadin degradation and concomitant IL-27 production drive IL-10- and IFN-γ-secreting Tr1-like-cell differentiation in a murine model for gluten tolerance. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:635-649. [PMID: 27579860 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is caused by inflammatory T-cell responses against the insoluble dietary protein gliadin. We have shown that, in humanized mice, oral tolerance to deamidated chymotrypsin-digested gliadin (CT-TG2-gliadin) is driven by tolerogenic interferon (IFN)-γ- and interleukin (IL)-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T-like cells (Tr1-like cells) generated in the spleen but not in the mesenteric lymph nodes. We aimed to uncover the mechanisms underlying gliadin-specific Tr1-like-cell differentiation and hypothesized that proteolytic gliadin degradation by splenic macrophages is a decisive step in this process. In vivo depletion of macrophages caused reduced differentiation of splenic IFN-γ- and IL-10-producing Tr1-like cells after CT-TG2-gliadin but not gliadin peptide feed. Splenic macrophages, rather than dendritic cells, constitutively expressed increased mRNA levels of the endopeptidase Cathepsin D; macrophage depletion significantly reduced splenic Cathepsin D expression in vivo and Cathepsin D efficiently degraded recombinant γ-gliadin in vitro. In response to CT-TG2-gliadin uptake, macrophages enhanced the expression of Il27p28, a cytokine that favored differentiation of gliadin-specific Tr1-like cells in vitro, and was previously reported to increase Cathepsin D activity. Conversely, IL-27 neutralization in vivo inhibited splenic IFN-γ- and IL-10-secreting Tr1-like-cell differentiation after CT-TG2-gliadin feed. Our data infer that endopeptidase mediated gliadin degradation by macrophages and concomitant IL-27 production drive differentiation of splenic gliadin-specific Tr1-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L M M Costes
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L A van Berkel
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M F du Pré
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital -Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - A E Kozijn
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H C Raatgeep
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mooij MG, de Koning BEA, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, van Groen BD, Tibboel D, Samsom JN, de Wildt SN. Human Intestinal PEPT1 Transporter Expression and Localization in Preterm and Term Infants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1014-9. [PMID: 27079248 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal influx oligopeptide transporter peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) (SLC15A1) is best known for nutrient-derived di- and tripeptide transport. Its role in drug absorption is increasingly recognized. To better understand the disposition of PEPT1 substrate drugs in young infants, we studied intestinal PEPT1 mRNA expression and tissue localization across the pediatric age range. PEPT1 mRNA expression was determined using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in small intestinal tissues collected from surgical procedures (neonates and infants) or biopsies (older children and adolescents). PEPT1 mRNA relative to villin mRNA expression was compared between neonates/infants and older children/adolescents. PEPT1 was visualized in infant tissue using immunohistochemical staining. Other transporters [multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-like protein 2 (MRP2), and organic anion transporter polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1)] were also stained to describe the localization in relation to PEPT1. Twenty-six intestinal samples (n = 20 neonates/infants, n = 2 pediatric, n = 4 adolescents) were analyzed. The young infant samples were collected at a median (range) gestational age at birth of 29.2 weeks (24.7-40) and postnatal age of 2.4 weeks (0-16.6). The PEPT1 mRNA expression of the neonates/infants was only marginally lower (0.8-fold) than the older children (P < 0.05). Similar and clear apical PEPT1 and MRP2 staining, apical and lateral MDR1 staining, and intraepithelial OATP2B1 staining at the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte were detected in 12 infant and 2 adolescent samples. Although small intestinal PEPT1 expression tended to be lower in neonates than in older children, this difference is small and tissue distribution is similar. This finding suggests similar oral absorption of PEPT1 substrates across the pediatric age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam G Mooij
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., B.E.A.K., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (D.J.L.-K., Y.S.-O., J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.W.)
| | - Barbara E A de Koning
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., B.E.A.K., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (D.J.L.-K., Y.S.-O., J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.W.)
| | - Dicky J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., B.E.A.K., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (D.J.L.-K., Y.S.-O., J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.W.)
| | - Ytje Simons-Oosterhuis
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., B.E.A.K., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (D.J.L.-K., Y.S.-O., J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.W.)
| | - Bianca D van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., B.E.A.K., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (D.J.L.-K., Y.S.-O., J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.W.)
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., B.E.A.K., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (D.J.L.-K., Y.S.-O., J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.W.)
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., B.E.A.K., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (D.J.L.-K., Y.S.-O., J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.W.)
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., B.E.A.K., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (D.J.L.-K., Y.S.-O., J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.W.)
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Aparicio-Domingo P, Romera-Hernandez M, Karrich JJ, Cornelissen F, Papazian N, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Butler JA, Boon L, Coles MC, Samsom JN, Cupedo T. Type 3 innate lymphoid cells maintain intestinal epithelial stem cells after tissue damage. J Exp Med 2015; 212:1783-91. [PMID: 26392223 PMCID: PMC4612094 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier allows bacterial translocation and predisposes to destructive inflammation. To ensure proper barrier composition, crypt-residing stem cells continuously proliferate and replenish all intestinal epithelial cells within days. As a consequence of this high mitotic activity, mucosal surfaces are frequently targeted by anticancer therapies, leading to dose-limiting side effects. The cellular mechanisms that control tissue protection and mucosal healing in response to intestinal damage remain poorly understood. Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are regulators of homeostasis and tissue responses to infection at mucosal surfaces. We now demonstrate that ILC3s are required for epithelial activation and proliferation in response to small intestinal tissue damage induced by the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate. Multiple subsets of ILC3s are activated after intestinal tissue damage, and in the absence of ILC3s, epithelial activation is lost, correlating with increased pathology and severe damage to the intestinal crypts. Using ILC3-deficient Lgr5 reporter mice, we show that maintenance of intestinal stem cells after damage is severely impaired in the absence of ILC3s or the ILC3 signature cytokine IL-22. These data unveil a novel function of ILC3s in limiting tissue damage by preserving tissue-specific stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aparicio-Domingo
- Department of Hematology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monica Romera-Hernandez
- Department of Hematology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julien J Karrich
- Department of Hematology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ferry Cornelissen
- Department of Hematology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natalie Papazian
- Department of Hematology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dicky J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Department of Hematology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - James A Butler
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, England, UK
| | | | - Mark C Coles
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, England, UK
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Department of Hematology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Aparicio-Domingo P, Romera-Hernandez M, Karrich JJ, Cornelissen F, Papazian N, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Butler JA, Boon L, Coles MC, Samsom JN, Cupedo T. Type 3 innate lymphoid cells maintain intestinal epithelial stem cells after tissue damage. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2015. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2107oia193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Menckeberg CL, Hol J, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Raatgeep HRC, de Ruiter LF, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Korteland-van Male AM, El Aidy S, van Lierop PPE, Kleerebezem M, Groeneweg M, Kraal G, Elink-Schuurman BE, de Jongste JC, Nieuwenhuis EES, Samsom JN. Human buccal epithelium acquires microbial hyporesponsiveness at birth, a role for secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor. Gut 2015; 64:884-93. [PMID: 25056659 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repetitive interaction with microbial stimuli renders epithelial cells (ECs) hyporesponsive to microbial stimulation. Previously, we have reported that buccal ECs from a subset of paediatric patients with Crohn's disease are not hyporesponsive and spontaneously released chemokines. We now aimed to identify kinetics and mechanisms of acquisition of hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimulation using primary human buccal epithelium. DESIGN Buccal ECs collected directly after birth and in later stages of life were investigated. Chemokine release and regulatory signalling pathways were studied using primary buccal ECs and the buccal EC line TR146. Findings were extended to the intestinal mucosa using murine model systems. RESULTS Directly after birth, primary human buccal ECs spontaneously produced the chemokine CXCL-8 and were responsive to microbial stimuli. Within the first weeks of life, these ECs attained hyporesponsiveness, associated with inactivation of the NF-κB pathway and upregulation of the novel NF-κB inhibitor SLPI but no other known NF-κB inhibitors. SLPI protein was abundant in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of hyporesponsive buccal ECs. Knock-down of SLPI in TR146-buccal ECs induced loss of hyporesponsiveness with increased NF-κB activation and subsequent chemokine release. This regulatory mechanism extended to the intestine, as colonisation of germfree mice elicited SLPI expression in small intestine and colon. Moreover, SLPI-deficient mice had increased chemokine expression in small intestinal and colonic ECs. CONCLUSIONS We identify SLPI as a new player in acquisition of microbial hyporesponsiveness by buccal and intestinal epithelium in the first weeks after microbial colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia L Menckeberg
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hol
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ytje Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Rolien C Raatgeep
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian F de Ruiter
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anita M Korteland-van Male
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Industrial Biotechnology, GEBRI, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Pieter P E van Lierop
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Groeneweg
- Department of Pediatrics, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Kraal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan C de Jongste
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward E S Nieuwenhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van Leeuwen MA, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Raatgeep HC, de Ruiter LF, de Krijger RR, Groeneweg M, Escher JC, Samsom JN. Increased production of interleukin-21, but not interleukin-17A, in the small intestine characterizes pediatric celiac disease. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:1202-13. [PMID: 23571506 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is caused by inflammatory CD4(+) T-cell responses to dietary gluten. It is unclear whether interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-17A contribute to CD onset and lesion severity; therefore, we investigated IL-21 and IL-17A expression in biopsies from pediatric CD patients with different histopathological scores. High numbers of IL-21-producing cells were observed in pediatric CD lesions, even Marsh 1-2 lesions, whereas increased numbers of IL-17 secreting cells were not observed. Intraepithelial lymphocytes, CD4(+) T cells and also neutrophils secreted IL-21. Flow cytometry of lamina propria cells revealed a large population of IL-21- and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-secreting CD3(+) T cells that did not secrete IL-17A. Adult CD patient biopsies also contained high numbers of IL-21-positive cells; however, enhanced numbers of IL-17-positive cells were observed in a small subgroup of patients with severe lesions. As duodenal tissue damage increases contact with microbe-associated molecular patterns, we hypothesized that microbial sensing by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) modulates T cell-derived cytokine secretion. Costimulation with TLR3 ligands during polyclonal T-cell activation significantly increased IL-21 secretion, whereas TLR2 ligands selectively enhanced IL-17A. These results demonstrate that an IL-17A-independent increase in IL-21 production by CD4(+) T cells is characteristic of pediatric CD. We hypothesize that incidental IL-17 secretion is caused by tissue damage rather than gluten-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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van Leeuwen MA, du Pré MF, van Wanrooij RL, de Ruiter LF, Raatgeep H(RC, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Mulder CJ, de Ridder L, Escher JC, Samsom JN. Changes in natural Foxp3(+)Treg but not mucosally-imprinted CD62L(neg)CD38(+)Foxp3(+)Treg in the circulation of celiac disease patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68432. [PMID: 23874626 PMCID: PMC3709933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal inflammation driven by gluten-reactive CD4+ T cells. Due to lack of selective markers it has not been determined whether defects in inducible regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation are associated with CD. This is of importance as changes in numbers of induced Treg could be indicative of defects in mucosal tolerance development in CD. Recently, we have shown that, after encounter of retinoic acid during differentiation, circulating gut-imprinted T cells express CD62LnegCD38+. Using this new phenotype, we now determined whether alterations occur in the frequency of natural CD62L+Foxp3+ Treg or mucosally-imprinted CD62LnegCD38+Foxp3+ Treg in peripheral blood of CD patients. In particular, we compared pediatric CD, aiming to select for disease at onset, with adult CD. Methods Cell surface markers, intracellular Foxp3 and Helios were determined by flow cytometry. Foxp3 expression was also detected by immunohistochemistry in duodenal tissue of CD patients. Results In children, the percentages of peripheral blood CD4+Foxp3+ Treg were comparable between CD patients and healthy age-matched controls. Differentiation between natural and mucosally-imprinted Treg on the basis of CD62L and CD38 did not uncover differences in Foxp3. In adult patients on gluten-free diet and in refractory CD increased percentages of circulating natural CD62L+Foxp3+ Treg, but normal mucosally-imprinted CD62LnegCD38+Foxp3+ Treg frequencies were observed. Conclusions Our data exclude that significant numeric deficiency of mucosally-imprinted or natural Foxp3+ Treg explains exuberant effector responses in CD. Changes in natural Foxp3+ Treg occur in a subset of adult patients on a gluten-free diet and in refractory CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke A. van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fleur du Pré
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roy L. van Wanrooij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian F. de Ruiter
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. (Rolien) C. Raatgeep
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky J. Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J. Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lissy de Ridder
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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El Aidy S, van Baarlen P, Derrien M, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Hooiveld G, Levenez F, Doré J, Dekker J, Samsom JN, Nieuwenhuis EES, Kleerebezem M. Temporal and spatial interplay of microbiota and intestinal mucosa drive establishment of immune homeostasis in conventionalized mice. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:567-79. [PMID: 22617837 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During colonization of germfree mice with the total fecal microbial community of their conventionally born and raised siblings (conventionalization), the intestinal mucosal immune system initiates and maintains a balanced immune response. However, the genetic regulation of these balanced, appropriate responses to the microbiota is obscure. Here, combined analysis of germfree and conventionalized mice revealed that the major molecular responses could be detected initiating at day 4 post conventionalization, with a strong induction of innate immune functions followed by stimulation of adaptive immune responses and development and expansion of adaptive immune cells at later stages of conventionalization. This study provides a comprehensive overview of mouse developmental and immune-related cellular pathways and processes that were co-mediated by the commensal microbiota and suggests which mechanisms were involved in this reprogramming. The dynamic, region-dependent mucosal responses to the colonizing microbiota revealed potential transcriptional signatures for the control of intestinal homeostasis in healthy mice, which may help to decipher the genetic basis of pathway dysregulation in human intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar El Aidy
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Buschard K, Hansen AK, Jensen K, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, de Ruiter LF, Krohn TC, Hufeldt MR, Vogensen FK, Aasted B, Osterbye T, Roep BO, de Haar C, Nieuwenhuis EE. Alcohol facilitates CD1d loading, subsequent activation of NKT cells, and reduces the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17931. [PMID: 21483778 PMCID: PMC3069977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ethanol (‘alcohol’) is a partly hydrophobic detergent that may affect the accessibility of glycolipids thereby influencing immunological effects of these molecules. Methods The study included cellular in vitro tests using α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), and in vivo NOD mice experiments detecting diabetes incidence and performing behavioural and bacterial analyses. Results Alcohol in concentrations from 0.6% to 2.5% increased IL-2 production from NKT cells stimulated with αGalCer by 60% (p<0.05). CD1d expressed on HeLa cells contained significantly increasing amounts of αGalCer with increasing concentrations of alcohol, suggesting that alcohol facilitated the passive loading of αGalCer to CD1d. NOD mice were found to tolerate 5% ethanol in their drinking water without signs of impairment in liver function. Giving this treatment, the diabetes incidence declined significantly. Higher numbers of CD3+CD49b+ NKT cells were found in spleen and liver of the alcohol treated compared to the control mice (p<0.05), whereas the amount of CD4+Foxp3+ regulator T cells did not differ. Increased concentrations of IFN-γ were detected in 24-hour blood samples of alcohol treated mice. Behavioural studies showed no change in attitude of the ethanol-consuming mice, and bacterial composition of caecum samples was not affected by alcohol, disqualifying these as protective mechanisms. Conclusion Alcohol facilitates the uptake of glycolipids and the stimulation of NKT cells, which are known to counteract Type 1 diabetes development. We propose that this is the acting mechanism by which treatment with alcohol reduces the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice. This is corroborated by epidemiology showing beneficial effect of alcohol to reduce the severity of atherosclerosis and related diseases.
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van Dieren JM, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Raatgeep HCR, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Lambers MEH, van der Woude CJ, Kuipers EJ, Snoek GT, Potman R, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Samsom JN, Nieuwenhuis EES. Anti-inflammatory actions of phosphatidylinositol. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1047-57. [PMID: 21360703 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory T-cell-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often treated with immunosuppressants including corticosteroids. In addition to the intended T-cell suppression, these farmacons give rise to many side effects. Recently, immunosuppressive phospholipids have been proposed as less-toxic alternatives. We aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory capacities of the naturally occurring phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (PI). Systemic PI treatment dramatically reduced disease severity and intestinal inflammation in murine 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis. Moreover, PI treatment inhibited the inflammatory T-cell response in these mice, as T cells derived from colon-draining LN of PI-treated mice secreted less IL-17 and IFN-γ upon polyclonal restimulation when compared to those of saline-treated mice. Further characterization of the suppressive capacity of PI revealed that the phospholipid suppressed Th cell differentiation in vitro irrespective of their cytokine profile by inhibiting proliferation and IL-2 release. In particular, PI diminished IL-2 mRNA expression and inhibited ERK1-, ERK-2-, p38- and JNK-phosphorylation. Crucially, PI did not ablate Treg differentiation or the antigen-presenting capacity of DCs in vitro. These data validate PI as a pluripotent inhibitor that can be applied mucosally as well as systemically. Its compelling functions render PI a promising novel physiological immune suppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda M van Dieren
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van Lierop PPE, de Haar C, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, van Rijt LS, Lambrecht BN, Escher JC, Samsom JN, Nieuwenhuis EES. T-cell regulation of neutrophil infiltrate at the early stages of a murine colitis model. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:442-51. [PMID: 19714763 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cells are a main target for antiinflammatory drugs in inflammatory bowel disease. As the innate immune system is also implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, T-cell suppressors may not only inhibit T-cell-dependent production of proinflammatory mediators but also affect innate immune cell function. Specifically, these drugs may impair innate immune cell recruitment and activation through inhibition of T-cells or act independent of T-cell modulation. We explored the extent of immune modulation by the T-cell inhibitor tacrolimus in a murine colitis model. METHODS We assessed the effects of tacrolimus on trinitro-benzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis in wildtype and Rag2-deficient mice. The severity of colitis was assessed by means of histological scores and weight loss. We further characterized the inflammation using immunohistochemistry and by analysis of isolated intestinal leukocytes at various stages of disease. RESULTS Tacrolimus-treated wildtype mice were less sensitive to colitis and had fewer activated T-cells. Inhibition of T-cell function was associated with strongly diminished recruitment of infiltrating neutrophils in the colon at the early stages of this model. In agreement, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that tacrolimus inhibited production of the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1 and CXCL2. Rag2-deficient mice displayed an enhanced baseline level of lamina propria neutrophils that was moderately increased in TNBS colitis and remained unaffected by tacrolimus. CONCLUSIONS Both the innate and the adaptive mucosal immune system contribute to TNBS colitis. Tacrolimus suppresses colitis directly through inhibition of T-cell activation and by suppression of T-cell-mediated recruitment of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter P E van Lierop
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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de Koning BAE, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Pieters R, Büller HA, Renes IB, Einerhand AWC. Alterations in epithelial and mesenchymal intestinal gene expression during doxorubicin-induced mucositis in mice. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:1814-25. [PMID: 17415656 PMCID: PMC1914222 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the current study we aimed to gain insight into epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk and progenitor compartment modulation during doxorubicin (DOX)-induced mucositis in mice. Intestinal segments were collected on various days after DOX treatment. DOX-induced damage at day 1-2 was characterized by increased epithelial proliferation and apoptosis and a decrease in the expression of epithelial differentiation markers. Concurrently, T-cell factor-4 (TCF4) levels increased and the epithelial differentiation enhancing factor, bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP4), decreased. During severe damage (day 3), BMP4 levels were significantly increased, which inversely correlated with epithelial proliferation. At the same time, the expression of the epithelial differentiation markers was increasing again. At day 7, BMP4 levels were down-regulated, while the levels of the epithelial differentiation markers and TCF4 were normalized again. These data suggest that in response to DOX-induced damage, BMP4 and TCF4 are modulated in such a way that homeostasis of the progenitor compartment is partly preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A E de Koning
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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de Koning BAE, van Dieren JM, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, van der Sluis M, Matsumoto T, Yamaguchi K, Einerhand AW, Samsom JN, Pieters R, Nieuwenhuis EES. Contributions of mucosal immune cells to methotrexate-induced mucositis. Int Immunol 2006; 18:941-9. [PMID: 16636014 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxl030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high doses of the anti-cancer drug methotrexate (MTX) is associated with intestinal damage. As a result, mucosal immune cells become increasingly exposed to a vast amount of microbial stimuli. We aimed at determining whether these cells are still functional during MTX treatment. Furthermore, we assessed if activation of the mucosal immune system would play a role in the pathogenesis of mucositis. A contributive role to mucositis for the adaptive immune system was established by showing that mucosal lymphocytes from MTX-treated mice secreted enhanced amounts of cytokines upon ex vivo polyclonal stimulation. Next, in vitro experiments revealed that macrophages were not affected by MTX in the capacity to produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-10 after LPS exposure. Moreover, peritoneal macrophages from MTX-treated mice produced more IL-10 and TNF-alpha upon LPS stimulation, compared with cells derived from control mice. These data indicate a persistence of both innate and adaptive immune responses in this model. The clinical relevance of these findings was further established by the fact that LPS exposure prior to MTX treatment aggravated the course of mucositis. Furthermore, LPS-responsive mice recovered more slowly compared with LPS-unresponsive mice from MTX treatment. Finally, we found an increase in weight loss and intestinal damage upon MTX treatment in IL-10-deficient mice in comparison to wild-type controls, suggesting a protective role for IL-10 in mucositis. We conclude that mucosal immune responses remain resilient during MTX-induced mucositis. Whereas TNF-alpha production may contribute to mucosal damage, IL-10 may regulate by restricting excessive mucositis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/toxicity
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Interleukin-10/deficiency
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestines/immunology
- Intestines/pathology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Methotrexate/pharmacology
- Methotrexate/toxicity
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mucositis/chemically induced
- Mucositis/immunology
- Mucositis/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A E de Koning
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr Molewaterplein 60, PO Box 2060, 3000 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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de Koning BAE, Sluis MVD, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Velcich A, Pieters R, Büller HA, Einerhand AWC, Renes IB. Methotrexate-induced mucositis in mucin 2-deficient mice. J Cell Physiol 2006; 210:144-52. [PMID: 16998802 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mucin Muc2 or Mycin2 (Muc2), which is the main structural component of the protective mucus layer, has shown to be upregulated during chemotherapy-induced mucositis. As Muc2 has shown to have protective capacities, upregulation of Muc2 may be a counter reaction of the intestine protecting against mucositis. Therefore, increasing Muc2 protein levels could be a therapeutic target in mucositis prevention or reduction. Our aim was to determine the role of Muc2 in chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Mucositis was induced in Muc2 knockout (Muc2(-/-)) and wild type (Muc2(+/+)) mice by injecting methotrexate (MTX). Animals were weighed and sacrificed on Days 2-6 after MTX treatment and jejunal segments were analyzed. Before MTX treatment, the small intestine of Muc2(+/+) and Muc2(-/-) mice were similar with respect to epithelial morphology and proliferation. Moreover, sucrase-isomaltase and trefoil factor-3 protein expression levels were comparable between Muc2(+/+) and Muc2(-/-) mice. Up to Day 3 after MTX treatment, percentages of weight-loss did not differ. Thereafter, Muc2(+/+) mice showed a trend towards regaining weight, whereas Muc2(-/-) mice continued to lose weight. Surprisingly, MTX-induced intestinal damage of Muc2(-/-) and Muc2(+/+) mice was comparable. Prior to MTX-injection, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 mRNAs were upregulated in Muc2(-/-) mice, probably due to continuous exposure of the intestine to luminal antigens. Muc2 deficiency does not lead to an increase in chemotherapy-induced mucositis. A possible explanation is the mechanism by which Muc2 deficiency may trigger the immune system to release interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine before MTX-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A E de Koning
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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de Koning BAE, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Pieters R, Rings EHHM, Büller HA, Renes IB, Einerhand AWC. The effect of cytostatic drug treatment on intestine-specific transcription factors Cdx2, GATA-4 and HNF-1α in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 57:801-10. [PMID: 16163540 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-005-0119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage is a very important dose-limiting side effect for which there is no definitive prophylaxis or treatment. This is in part due to the lack of understanding of its pathophysiology and impact on intestinal differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression of the small intestinal transcription factors HNF-1alpha, Cdx2, GATA-4 in an experimental model of methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage, and to correlate these alterations with histological damage, epithelial proliferation and differentiation. HNF-1alpha, Cdx2 and GATA-4 are critical transcription factors in epithelial differentiation, and in combination they act as promoting factors of the sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene, an enterocyte-specific differentiation marker which is distinctly downregulated after MTX treatment. Mice received two doses of MTX i.v. on two consecutive days and were sacrificed 1, 3 and 7 or 9 days after final injection. Segments of the jejunum were taken for morphological, immunohistochemical and quantitative analyses. Intestinal damage was most severe at day 3 and was associated with decreased expression of the transcriptional factors HNF-1alpha, Cdx2 and GATA-4, which correlated well with decreased expression of SI, and seemed inversely correlated with enhanced proliferation of epithelial crypt cells. During severe damage, the epithelium was preferentially concerned with proliferation rather than differentiation, most likely in order to restore the small intestinal barrier function rather than maintaining its absorptive function. Since HNF-1alpha, Cdx2 and GATA-4 are critical for intestine-specific gene expression and therefore crucial in epithelial differentiation, these results may explain, at least in part, why intestinal differentiation is compromised during MTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A E de Koning
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastro-enterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Lambooij AC, van Wely KHM, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Kuijpers RWAM, Kliffen M, Mooy CM. Insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:2192-8. [PMID: 12714661 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.02-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I protein is a growth-promoting polypeptide that can act as an angiogenic agent in the eye. The purpose of the current study was to localize the expression of IGF-I and its receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA and IGF-IR protein in situ in the normal human eye and to examine the presence of expression in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded slides of 4 normal control eyes and 14 eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to AMD were examined. Three eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were studied as the positive control. IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes. IGF-IR protein was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the normal retina, IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNA expression was found throughout the neuroretinal layers, in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and in some choriocapillary and retinal capillary endothelial cells. In eyes with CNV we found IGF and IGF-IR mRNA in capillary endothelial cells, some transdifferentiated RPE, and fibroblast-like cells. IGF-IR protein was found in normal eyes in all neuroretinal layers, in the RPE, and in the choroidal vessels. In eyes with CNV, IGF-IR protein was present in the RPE monolayer, in transdifferentiated RPE, and in newly formed vessels. CONCLUSIONS The colocalization of protein and receptor indicates an autocrine function of IGF-I in the normal human retina. Because IGF-I participates in ocular neovascularization, synthesis of IGF-IR and IGF-I in endothelial cells, RPE cells, and fibroblast-like cells in CNV may point toward a role for this growth factor in the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD.
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van Kleffens M, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Koster JG, van Neck JW, Flyvbjerg A, Rasch R, Drop SL, van Buul-Offers SC. The role of the IGF axis in IGFBP-1 and IGF-I induced renal enlargement in Snell dwarf mice. J Endocrinol 2001; 170:333-46. [PMID: 11479130 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1700333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is generally believed to inhibit IGF action in the circulation. In contrast, IGFBP-1 has been reported to interact with cell surfaces and enhance IGF-I action locally in some tissues. Renal IGFBP-1 levels are found elevated in various conditions characterized by renal growth (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hypokalemia). To test whether IGFBP-1 is a renotropic factor, IGFBP-1 was administered alone or in combination with IGF-I to Snell dwarf mice, an in vivo model without compensatory feedback effects on growth hormone (GH) secretion. In three control groups of Snell dwarf mice, placebo, GH or IGF-I was administered. Compared with placebo, kidney weight increased in all treated groups, however, with different effects on kidney morphology. Administration of IGF-I, alone or in combination with IGFBP-1, tended to increase glomerular volume, while no changes were seen in the other groups. Administration of IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-1+IGF-I both caused dilatation of the thin limbs of Henle's loop, while GH or IGF-I administration had no visible effect. Furthermore, IGF-I administration resulted in an increased mean number of nuclei per cortical area and renal weight, whereas GH, IGF-I+IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-1 caused a decreased renal nuclei number. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed specific changes of the renal IGF system expression patterns in the different groups. Particularly, IGFBP-1 administration resulted in extensive changes in the mRNA expression of the renal IGF system, whereas the other administration regimen resulted in less prominent modifications. In contrast, administration of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-1+IGF-I resulted in identical changes in the protein expression of the renal IGF system. Our results indicate that IGFBP-1, alone or in combination with IGF-I, demonstrated effects on the renal tubular system that differ from the effects of IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Kleffens
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Molecular Endocrinology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Van Buul-Offers SC, Van Kleffens M, Koster JG, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Gresnigt MG, Drop SL, Hoogerbrugge CM, Bloemen RJ, Koedam JA, Van Neck JW. Human insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-1 inhibits IGF-I-stimulated body growth but stimulates growth of the kidney in snell dwarf mice. Endocrinology 2000; 141:1493-9. [PMID: 10746655 DOI: 10.1210/endo.141.4.7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The actions of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are modulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). The effects of IGFBP-1 in vivo are insufficiently known, with respect to inhibitory or stimulatory actions on IGF-induced growth of specific organs. Therefore, we studied the effects of IGFBP-1 on IGF-I-induced somatic and organ growth in pituitary-deficient Snell dwarf mice. Human GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and a preequilibrated combination of equimolar amounts of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 were administered sc during 4 weeks. Treatment with IGF-I alone induced a significant increase in body length (108% of control) and weight (112%) as well as an increase in weight of the submandibular salivary glands (135%), kidneys (124%), femoral muscles (111%), testes (129%), and spleen (126%) compared with saline-treated controls. IGFBP-1 alone induced a significant increase in weight of the kidneys (152% of control). Coadministration of IGF-I with IGFBP-1 neutralized the stimulating effects of IGF-I on body length and weight as well as on the femoral muscles and testes. In contrast, the weights of the submandibular salivary glands (143%) were not significantly different from those of IGF-I-treated animals, whereas the weights of the kidneys (171%) and spleen (156%) were significantly increased compared with IGF-I-treated mice. The effect of IGFBP-1 plus IGF-I on kidney weight was not significantly greater than the effect of IGFBP-1 alone. Western ligand blotting showed induction of the IGFBP-3 doublet as well as IGFBPs with molecular masses of 24 kDa, most probably IGFBP-4, by human GH, IGF-I alone, and IGF-I in combination with IGFBP-1. Our data show that coadministration of IGFBP-1 inhibits IGF-I-induced body growth of GH-deficient mice but significantly stimulates the growth promoting effects of IGF-I on the kidneys and the spleen. These data warrant further investigation because differences in concentrations of IGFBP-1 occurring in vivo may influence IGF-I-induced anabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Van Buul-Offers
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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van Kleffens M, Groffen CA, Dits NF, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Schuller AG, Bradshaw SL, Pintar JE, Zwarthoff EC, Drop SL, van Neck JW. Generation of antisera to mouse insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP)-1 to -6: comparison of IGFBP protein and messenger ribonucleic acid localization in the mouse embryo. Endocrinology 1999; 140:5944-52. [PMID: 10579362 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.12.7168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is an important regulator of fetal growth and differentiation. IGF bioavailability is modulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). We have generated six different antisera, directed to synthetic peptide fragments of mouse IGFBP-1 through -6. The specificity of the produced antisera was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and by immunohistochemistry on sections of mouse embryos of 13.5 days post coitum. Specificity for the IGFBP-2 through -6 antisera also was confirmed immunohistochemically in liver and lung of corresponding gene deletion (knock-out) mutant mice and wild-type litter mates. Immunohistochemistry and messenger RNA (mRNA) in situ hybridization on sections of mouse embryos of 13.5 days post coitum revealed tissue-specific expression patterns for the six IGFBPs. The only site of IGFBP-1 protein and mRNA production was the liver. IGFBP-2, -4, and -5 protein and mRNA were detected in various organs and tissues. IGFBP-3 and -6 protein and mRNA levels were low. In several tissues, such as lung, liver, kidney, and tongue, more than one IGFBP (protein and mRNA) could be detected. Differences between mRNA and protein localization were extensive for IGFBP-3, -5, and -6, suggesting that these IGFBPs are secreted and transported. These results confirm the different spatial localization of the IGFBPs, on the mRNA and protein level. The overlapping mRNA and protein localization for IGFBP-2 and -4, on the other hand, may indicate that these IGFBPs also function in an auto- or paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Kleffens
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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van Kleffens M, Groffen C, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, van Neck JW, González-Parra S, Dits N, Zwarthoff EC, Drop SL. The IGF system during fetal-placental development of the mouse. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998; 140:129-35. [PMID: 9722180 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and -II) promote cellular mitosis and differentiation and have been implicated in fetal and placental growth. Together with the IGF receptors and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) they form a complex network, with tissue specific activity. This review will discuss the data generated to elucidate the functions of the IGF system during mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Kleffens
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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van Kleffens M, Groffen C, Rosato RR, van den Eijnde SM, van Neck JW, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Zwarthoff EC, Drop SL. mRNA expression patterns of the IGF system during mouse limb bud development, determined by whole mount in situ hybridization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998; 138:151-61. [PMID: 9685224 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During limb development the primary limb bud requires various signals to differentiate. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II serve as ubiquitous cellular growth promoters and are modulated by their binding proteins (IGFBPs), which inhibit or augment IGF bioavailability. This is the first study to give a complete overview of the mRNA expression patterns of Igf-1, Igf-2, type 1 Igf receptor (Igf1r) and six Igf binding proteins (IGFBP-1-6) in embryonic mouse limbs, at various stages of development, by whole mount in situ hybridization (ISH). Our results show that all the members of the Igf system, except Igfbp-1 and -6, have specific spatio-temporal mRNA expression patterns. IGFBP-2 and -5 are found in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), and IGF-I and IGFBP-4 in the region of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). IGF-II and IGF1R are found in regions of pre-cartilage formation. At 13.5 days post coitus (dpc) the IGF system colocalizes with apoptosis areas; IGFBP-2, -4 and -5 are found in the interdigital zone, while IGFBP-3 and IGF-I border this region. Furthermore, IGFBP-3, -4 and -5 are found in the phalangeal joint areas, at an early stage of joint formation. This supports the hypothesis that the IGF system may be involved in chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchyme and the regulation of apoptosis in the developing limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Kleffens
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Rosato RR, van Neck JW, Nauta J, van Kleffens M, Groffen C, Zwarthoff EC, Drop SL. Gene expression of the insulin-like growth factor system during mouse kidney development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1997; 132:81-91. [PMID: 9324049 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(97)00123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system was investigated in mouse renal development and physiology, using non radioactive in situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR. IGF-I mRNA levels increased after birth and were confined to distal tubules and peritubular capillaries in the outer medulla. IGF-II mRNA levels were high in developing kidneys and peaked after birth. The type I receptor mRNA expression pattern mostly parallelled those of IGF-I and IGF-II. The IGF binding proteins (IGFBP's) showed weak mRNA expression for IGFBP-1 and -6. High fetal mRNA levels were measured for IGFBP-2, showing a similar profile in time as observed for IGF-II. Low fetal IGFBP-3 and -5 mRNA levels increased after birth. IGFBP-2, -4 and -5 mRNA expression was localized to differentiating cells. In the mature kidney predominant expression was confined to proximal tubules (IGFBP-4), thin limbs of Henle's Loop (IGFBP-2), glomerular mesangial cells (IGFBP-5) and peritubular capillaries of the medulla (IGFBP-5). IGFBP-3 mRNA was exclusively expressed in endothelial cells of the renal capillary system. Distinct mRNA expression for each member of the IGF system may point to specific roles in development and physiology of the mouse kidney.
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Schuller AG, van Neck JW, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Groffen C, de Jong I, Zwarthoff EC, Drop SL. Gene expression of the IGF binding proteins during post-implantation embryogenesis of the mouse; comparison with the expression of IGF-I and -II and their receptors in rodent and human. Adv Exp Med Biol 1994; 343:267-77. [PMID: 7514340 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2988-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) comprise at least six distinct species which may modulate the action of IGFs. IGFs are important regulators of fetal growth and differentiation. We have studied the mRNA expression of the six IGFBPs during post-implantation embryogenesis (day 11-18) by in situ hybridization techniques. Expression of IGFBP-1 was detected in mouse conceptuses after day 12 of gestation and seemed restricted to the liver. Transcripts for IGFBP-2, -4 and -5 were detected in various tissues and were found in all stages tested. In contrast, expression of IGFBP-3 and -6 could be detected only weakly in late gestational embryos. Comparison of the expression pattern of IGFBP-2, -4 and -5, which were found widely distributed in mouse conceptuses, revealed that IGFBP-2 was expressed mainly in the ectodermal layer and also in the mesoderm derived part of the tongue (day 13.5). Transcripts for IGFBP-4 however, only were detected in the mesoderm derived tissues, whereas expression of IGFBP-5 was restricted to the ectodermal layer. A similar distribution pattern was observed in the lung. In general, expression of IGFBP-2 and -5 was detected in the same cells, whereas IGFBP-4 and -5 were expressed mainly in different cell types. In rodents as in the human there is widespread expression of the genes coding IGFs, the IGFBPs and the receptors during pre- and postimplantation embryogenesis. These data support the assumption that the IGFs play an important role during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Schuller
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Schuller AG, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Pache TD, Zwarthoff EC, Fauser BC, Drop SL. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2, 28 kDa and 24 kDa insulin-like growth factor binding protein levels are decreased in fluid of dominant follicles, obtained from normal and polycystic ovaries. Regul Pept 1993; 48:157-63. [PMID: 7505462 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(93)90344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate potential changes in insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) during human follicle maturation, we examined the IGFBP profiles in follicular fluid from follicles in different stages of maturation. Samples were obtained from ovaries of women with regular menstrual cycles and of subjects with cycle abnormalities and polycystic ovaries (diagnosed as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)) and analyzed by Western ligand blotting. IGFBPs of 43 kDa, 37 kDa, 31 kDa, a doublet around 28 kDa and a minor band of 24 kDa were detected in follicle fluid of normal non-dominant (size < 10 mm) and atretic (androstenedione/estradiol ratio > 4) follicles of both regularly menstruating women and PCOS patients. The 43 and 37 kDa IGFBPs could be identified as IGFBP-3 and the 31 kDa IGFBP as IGFBP-2, whereas the 28 kDa IGFBP could not be identified as IGFBP-1, all by immunoblotting techniques. A dramatic decrease in IGFBP-2, the 28 kDa and 24 kDa IGFBPs was observed in follicular fluid of dominant follicles (size > 10 mm) of both regular menstruating individuals and one PCOS patient as compared with follicular fluid of normal non-dominant or atretic follicles. These observations indicate that the PCOS follicle may not be different from normal with respect to IGFBP profiles. Furthermore, these results suggest that at least one of these IGFBPs might be involved in human folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Schuller
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University, Dijkzigt University Hospital, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Schuller AG, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, de Boer WI, Zwarthoff EC, Drop SL. Localization of the epitope of a monoclonal antibody against human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, functionally interfering with insulin-like growth factor binding. Growth Regul 1993; 3:32-4. [PMID: 7683523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify regions in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 involved in the binding of IGFs, we tested three monoclonal antibodies, designated MAb A, B, and C on their interference with IGF-binding. Monoclonal A interfered with the binding of IGF to IGFBP-1 as determined by immunoprecipitation whereas monoclonal B and C did not. Furthermore MAb A was found to abolish IGFBP-1 inhibition of IGF stimulation in an in vitro proliferation assay. The epitopes of all three monoclonal antibodies were found to be located within the C-terminal part of IGFBP-1. The regions surrounding residue 188-196 and 222-227 are especially important for antibody recognition. These results indicate that MAb A functionally interferes with the binding of IGF to IGFBP-1. Furthermore, we suggest that part of the epitope of MAb A is located at or sterically near the IGF binding domain of IGFBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Schuller
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University/Sophia Childrens Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Drop SL, Schuller AG, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Groffen C, Brinkman A, Zwarthoff EC. Structural aspects of the IGFBP family. Growth Regul 1992; 2:69-79. [PMID: 1283100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To date six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) have been characterized. Analysis of the amino acid sequence reveals that the IGFBPs are clearly distinct but are sharing regions with strong homology. Specifically the hydrophobic cysteine rich N-terminal region and to a lesser extend the C-terminal part are preserved. The alignment of the cysteine molecules is strongly conserved across the 6 IGFBPs. The middle one-third region, where no cysteines are present (except for IGFBP-4) is most divergent. IGFBP-3 and -4 are glycosylated, whereas IGFBP-1 and -2 contain an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence near the carboxyl terminus. Determination of the number of free-SH groups of IGFBP-1 and -3 has revealed that most likely all cysteine residues are involved in disulfide bond formation. All members of the IGFBP family bind IGF-I and IGF-II with about equal affinity. Studies involving deletion mutation and site-directed mutagenesis of IGFBP-1 and -3 have suggested that the three-dimensional structure of the protein plays an important role in IGF binding. However at present it is unclear whether the IGFBPs share one or more specific IGF binding domain. The predominant function of the IGFBPs is to allocate IGF in the various body fluid compartments and tissues and to modulate IGF binding to receptors. For this purpose there exists a very sophisticated control of the routing of circulating IGF both from and to the cell. There is mounting evidence that the structure of the IGFBP proteins plays a key role in the regulation of IGF bioavailability, by modulating its molecular size, capillary membrane permeability, target tissue specificity, cell membrane adherence and IGF affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Drop
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital/Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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