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Tiwari A, Alcover K, Carpenter E, Thomas K, Krum J, Nissen A, Van Decar S, Smolinsky T, Valdera F, Vreeland T, Lacher M, Del Priore G, Williams W, Stojadinovic A, Peoples G, Clifton G. Utility of cell-based vaccines as cancer therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2323256. [PMID: 38544385 PMCID: PMC10984131 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2323256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutic cancer vaccines use autologous patient-derived tumor cells, allogeneic cancer cell lines or autologous antigen presenting cells to mimic the natural immune process and stimulate an adaptive immune response against tumor antigens. The primary objective of this study is to perform a systematic literature review with an embedded meta-analysis of all published Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of cell-based cancer vaccines in human subjects. The secondary objective of this study is to review trials demonstrating biological activity of cell-based cancer vaccines that could uncover additional hypotheses, which could be used in the design of future studies. We performed the systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The final review included 36 studies - 16 single-arm studies, and 20 controlled trials. Our systematic review of the existing literature revealed largely negative trials and our meta-analysis did not show evidence of clinical benefit from cell-based cancer-vaccines. However, as we looked beyond the stringent inclusion criteria of our systematic review, we identified significant examples of biological activity of cell-based cancer vaccines that are worth highlighting. In conclusion, the existing literature on cell-based cancer vaccines is highly variable in terms of cancer type, vaccine therapies and the clinical setting with no overall statistically significant clinical benefit, but there are individual successes that represent the promise of this approach. As cell-based vaccine technology continues to evolve, future studies can perhaps fulfill the potential that this exciting field of anti-cancer therapy holds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Tiwari
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karl Alcover
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Katryna Thomas
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Krum
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Nissen
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Spencer Van Decar
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Todd Smolinsky
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Franklin Valdera
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Vreeland
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guy Clifton
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Honeker LK, Pugliese G, Ingrisch J, Fudyma J, Gil-Loaiza J, Carpenter E, Singer E, Hildebrand G, Shi L, Hoyt DW, Chu RK, Toyoda J, Krechmer JE, Claflin MS, Ayala-Ortiz C, Freire-Zapata V, Pfannerstill EY, Daber LE, Meeran K, Dippold MA, Kreuzwieser J, Williams J, Ladd SN, Werner C, Tfaily MM, Meredith LK. Author Correction: Drought re-routes soil microbial carbon metabolism towards emission of volatile metabolites in an artificial tropical rainforest. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1146-1147. [PMID: 37803148 PMCID: PMC10994830 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea K Honeker
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Giovanni Pugliese
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Ingrisch
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jane Fudyma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Gil-Loaiza
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Gina Hildebrand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lingling Shi
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David W Hoyt
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jason Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
- Bruker Daltonics Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eva Y Pfannerstill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L Erik Daber
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Michaela A Dippold
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Laura K Meredith
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Honeker LK, Pugliese G, Ingrisch J, Fudyma J, Gil-Loaiza J, Carpenter E, Singer E, Hildebrand G, Shi L, Hoyt DW, Chu RK, Toyoda J, Krechmer JE, Claflin MS, Ayala-Ortiz C, Freire-Zapata V, Pfannerstill EY, Daber LE, Meeran K, Dippold MA, Kreuzwieser J, Williams J, Ladd SN, Werner C, Tfaily MM, Meredith LK. Drought re-routes soil microbial carbon metabolism towards emission of volatile metabolites in an artificial tropical rainforest. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1480-1494. [PMID: 37524975 PMCID: PMC10390333 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought impacts on microbial activity can alter soil carbon fate and lead to the loss of stored carbon to the atmosphere as CO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we examined drought impacts on carbon allocation by soil microbes in the Biosphere 2 artificial tropical rainforest by tracking 13C from position-specific 13C-pyruvate into CO2 and VOCs in parallel with multi-omics. During drought, efflux of 13C-enriched acetate, acetone and C4H6O2 (diacetyl) increased. These changes represent increased production and buildup of intermediate metabolites driven by decreased carbon cycling efficiency. Simultaneously,13C-CO2 efflux decreased, driven by a decrease in microbial activity. However, the microbial carbon allocation to energy gain relative to biosynthesis was unchanged, signifying maintained energy demand for biosynthesis of VOCs and other drought-stress-induced pathways. Overall, while carbon loss to the atmosphere via CO2 decreased during drought, carbon loss via efflux of VOCs increased, indicating microbially induced shifts in soil carbon fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea K Honeker
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Giovanni Pugliese
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Ingrisch
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jane Fudyma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Gil-Loaiza
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Gina Hildebrand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lingling Shi
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David W Hoyt
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jason Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
- Bruker Daltonics Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eva Y Pfannerstill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L Erik Daber
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Michaela A Dippold
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Laura K Meredith
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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4
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Al Kashroom H, Carpenter E, Kobayashi K, Wardeh A, Jafroodifar A. Abstract No. 564 Native Kidney Biopsy: Impact of Blood Pressure and History of Hypertension on Bleeding Risk. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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5
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Woods K, Cait A, Gell K, Naidoo K, Brown C, Carpenter E, Gasser O. Goat milk-derived lipids restrain NKT cell-dependent eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2541-2543. [PMID: 35300974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Woods
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alissa Cait
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Katie Gell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Karmella Naidoo
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Brown
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
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6
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Higgins JA, Lands M, Valley T, Carpenter E, Jacques L. POSTER ABSTRACTS. Contraception 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Immigrants enrich the United States through economic contributions and unique perspectives. Immigrants find themselves navigating a new culture, a complicated health care system, unfamiliar social programs, and an ever-changing policy environment. They may be discouraged by unmet expectations of life in the United States, changing family dynamics, and discrimination. Screening for the social determinants of health is crucial, as not all patients will proactively seek the advice of their health care provider for these issues. Health care providers can assist and empower immigrants to navigate these challenges, as well as serve as advocates on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Johnson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0729, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Carpenter
- International Family Medicine Clinic, Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0729, USA
| | - Taylor Walters
- Health Liaison, International Rescue Committee, 1301 North Hamilton Street, Suite 101, Richmond, VA 23230, USA
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9
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Mahmooth Z, Carpenter E, Lin E, Foster M, Haack C, Sharma J, Patel D, Sarmiento J, Sweeney J, Greene W, Elwood D. Frailty assessment in the acute care surgery population - the agreement and predictive value on length of stay and re-admission of 3 different instruments in a prospective cohort. Am J Surg 2020; 220:1058-1063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Dalziel JE, Dunstan KE, Dewhurst H, Van Gendt M, Young W, Carpenter E. Goat milk increases gastric emptying and alters caecal short chain fatty acid profile compared with cow milk in healthy rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:8573-8582. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Goat and cow milk share similar protein and lipid content, yet goat milk forms softer curds during stomach digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Dalziel
- Food Nutrition & Health Team
- Food & Bio-Based Products Group
- AgResearch
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
| | - Kelly E. Dunstan
- Food Nutrition & Health Team
- Food & Bio-Based Products Group
- AgResearch
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
| | - Hilary Dewhurst
- Food Nutrition & Health Team
- Food & Bio-Based Products Group
- AgResearch
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
| | - Melanie Van Gendt
- Food Nutrition & Health Team
- Food & Bio-Based Products Group
- AgResearch
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Food Nutrition & Health Team
- Food & Bio-Based Products Group
- AgResearch
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
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11
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Carpenter E, Carrillo-Martin I, Gonzalez-Estrada A. M019 FLOAT LIKE A BUTTERFLY, STING LIKE A BEE…BUT TAKE YOUR TIME: DELAYED ANAPHYLAXIS TO HYMENOPTERA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Eastwood B, Yang Z, de Campo L, Knott R, Prosser C, Carpenter E, Hemar Y. Rheological and structural characterization of acidified skim milks and infant formulae made from cow and goat milk. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Ye A, Cui J, Carpenter E, Prosser C, Singh H. Dynamic in vitro gastric digestion of infant formulae made with goat milk and cow milk: Influence of protein composition. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Aggarwal C, Thompson J, Chien A, Quinn K, Lefterova M, Nagy R, Yee S, Lariviere M, Ciunci C, Singh A, Bauml J, Cohen R, Langer C, Carpenter E. MA25.04 Blood-Based Tumor Mutation Burden as a Predictive Biomarker for Outcomes After Pembrolizumab Based First Line Therapy in Metastatic NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Carpenter E, Mahmooth Z, Elwood D, Lin E, Foster M, Haack C, Sharma J, Patel A, Sarmiento J, Sweeney J, Greene W. Frailty and Predictors of Discharge Disposition in the Acute and Critical Care Surgery Patient: A Comparison of Three Frailty Scoring Instruments. Am Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481908500928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Elwood
- Department of Surgery Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward Lin
- Department of Surgery Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Carla Haack
- Department of Surgery Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ankit Patel
- Department of Surgery Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - John Sweeney
- Department of Surgery Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wendy Greene
- Department of Surgery Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
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16
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Carpenter E, Mahmooth Z, Elwood D, Lin E, Foster M, Haack C, Sharma J, Patel A, Sarmiento J, Sweeney J, Greene W. Frailty and Predictors of Discharge Disposition in the Acute and Critical Care Surgery Patient: A Comparison of Three Frailty Scoring Instruments. Am Surg 2019; 85:e504-e507. [PMID: 31638555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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17
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Torous J, Wisniewski H, Bird B, Carpenter E, David G, Elejalde E, Fulford D, Guimond S, Hays R, Henson P, Hoffman L, Lim C, Menon M, Noel V, Pearson J, Peterson R, Susheela A, Troy H, Vaidyam A, Weizenbaum E, Naslund JA, Keshavan M. Creating a Digital Health Smartphone App and Digital Phenotyping Platform for Mental Health and Diverse Healthcare Needs: an Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41347-019-00095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Higgins J, Carpenter E, Christianson L, Everett B, Greene M, Haider S, Hendrick CE, Powell J. “Will taking the pill make me less gay?”: contraceptive norms, contexts and conflicts among sexual minority women from three cities. Contraception 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Marmarelis M, Bange E, Bagley S, Hwang W, Yang Y, Thompson J, Bauml J, Ciunci C, Alley E, Morrissette J, Cohen R, Langer C, Carpenter E, Aggarwal C. P1.01-64 Impact of STK11 Co-Mutation on Outcomes Following Immunotherapy Among Patients with TP53 and KRAS Mutated Stage IV NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Eating disorders are prevalent in the pediatric population yet underdiagnosed by pediatric health care professionals. The gold standard of care consists of a multidisciplinary team approach including a therapist, registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), and psychiatrist, combined with family-centered treatment. Although families do not cause eating disorders, they are essential to a child's recovery from an eating disorder. Psychoeducation, supportive limit setting, processing relational dynamics, and externalizing the eating disorder are therapeutic interventions used in the treatment of an eating disorder. The RDN provides assessment, education, and guidance with food and nutrition, as well as establishing goal weight and implementing meal plans. Over time, the RDN assists with integrating the patient and family into their normal lifestyle, including guiding adjustments in the meal plan for weight maintenance, increasing activity, dining out, and increasing the variety of foods consumed. Psychopharmacological interventions help target comorbid psychiatric conditions but should be used in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions to effectively treat pediatric eating disorders. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(6):e250-e253.].
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Alkhouli M, Carpenter E, Tarabishy A, Sengupta P. Annular rupture during transcatheter aortic valve replacement: novel treatment with amplatzer vascular plugs. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:714-715. [PMID: 29140425 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alkhouli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Heart & Vascular Institute, 1 Medical Drive, Morgantown, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Elizabeth Carpenter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Heart & Vascular Institute, 1 Medical Drive, Morgantown, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Abdul Tarabishy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Heart & Vascular Institute, 1 Medical Drive, Morgantown, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Partho Sengupta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Heart & Vascular Institute, 1 Medical Drive, Morgantown, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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22
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DeMichele A, Soucier-Ernst DJ, Clark C, Shih N, Stavropoulos W, Maxwell KN, Feldman M, Lierbamen D, Morrissette JJD, Paul MR, Pan TC, Wang J, Belka GK, Chen Y, Yee S, Carpenter E, Fox K, Matro J, Clark A, Shah P, Domchek S, Bradbury A, Chodosh L. Abstract OT2-06-03: METAMORPH: METAstatic markers of recurrent tumor PHenotype for breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-ot2-06-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Up to 30% of patients diagnosed with breast cancer will develop recurrent disease within their lifetime, and currently this form of the disease is incurable. There are unmet needs to better understand underlying metastatic biology, identify new therapeutic targets and develop better methods for monitoring changes in disease, both to monitor response and elucidate resistance mechanisms. To address these needs, the METAMORPH Study encompasses a comprehensive approach that combines serial molecular tissue profiling at the RNA and DNA level with circulating markers (DTCs, CTCs, plasma tumor DNA), and ongoing assessment of therapeutic response.
METAMORPH is a prospective cohort study of women with suspected or confirmed recurrent breast cancer and accessible tumor by standard clinical biopsy, who are enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania prior to starting a new therapy for recurrent metastatic disease. The aims of this trial are to (1) evaluate the mechanisms through which recurrent breast cancer are genetically distinct from the primary tumor, (2) evaluate the circulating tumor biomarker trajectory of recurrent disease, (3) elucidate “escape pathways” of progressing tumors that emerge during the selective pressure of therapy, and (4) explore clinical utility of tumor and blood testing. The study protocol integrates research aims into clinical care, including a standardized approach to disease assessment and biopsy, pathologic confirmation of histology and receptor subtype, panel-based CLIA-approved genomic profiling, collection of research specimens, and standardized reporting of results, which are returned to patients and physicians. Patients are followed for treatment and outcome, and serial samples are collected at progression. A companion protocol, COMET, provides education about genomic testing and assesses patient understanding and impact of results. To date, 155 patients have enrolled, 142 (92%) have been biopsied, 120 (77%) have had sufficient DNA for molecular profiling and 109 (70%) have had genomic panel testing. Accrual is ongoing, with an initial target of 300 patients. Multiple sites within the UPHS Health System are enrolling. Contact information: angela.demichele@uphs.upenn.edu.
Key words: Metastatic disease, tumor profiling.
Citation Format: DeMichele A, Soucier-Ernst DJ, Clark C, Shih N, Stavropoulos W, Maxwell KN, Feldman M, Lierbamen D, Morrissette JJD, Paul MR, Pan T-C, Wang J, Belka GK, Chen Y, Yee S, Carpenter E, Fox K, Matro J, Clark A, Shah P, Domchek S, Bradbury A, Chodosh L. METAMORPH: METAstatic markers of recurrent tumor PHenotype for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-06-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- A DeMichele
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - C Clark
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - N Shih
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - KN Maxwell
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Feldman
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D Lierbamen
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - MR Paul
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - T-C Pan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Wang
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - GK Belka
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Y Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Yee
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Carpenter
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Fox
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Matro
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Clark
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - P Shah
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Domchek
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A Bradbury
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - L Chodosh
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Higgins J, Popkin R, Carpenter E, Francis J, Warren W. Which measures of pregnancy ambivalence are most strongly associated with contraceptive use? Contraception 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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McClenaghan C, Carpenter E, Stephen TJ. Mechanisms of TREK-2 Potassium Channel Gating. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Hawthorne J, Carpenter E, Lam P, Murrell G. Effect of glenohumeral abduction on supraspinatus repair tension. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Leite R, Hudson C, West L, Carpenter E, Andrews JO. Assessment of oral health needs and barriers to care in a Gullah community: Hollywood smiles. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2013; 7:201-8. [PMID: 23793251 PMCID: PMC4097834 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2013.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the oral health (OH) needs and barriers to OH care in Gullah African American communities. METHODS A community advisory board (CAB) was formed to guide the research study. Five focus groups (n = 27 participants) were conducted to explore the OH needs/barriers. Participants completed demographic surveys and participated in discussions facilitated by open-ended questions. All sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using NVivo8. RESULTS Facilitators of OH included positive experiences and modeling. Fear and access to care were the most cited barriers. Tooth extraction was the dental treatment of choice. Intervention recommendations included improving clinic access, using the churches to socially influence receipt of OH care, providing group educational sessions with OH specialists, and having local "lay people" to provide support and help to navigate OH care systems. CONCLUSIONS The design of a multilevel, culturally and locally relevant intervention may lead to a decrease in OH disparities in Gullah communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Leite
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
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Holmes AR, Chong K, Rodrigues E, Cannon RD, Carpenter E, Ruske DR, Dawes PJD. Yeast Colonization of Voice Prostheses: Pilot Study Investigating Effect of a Bovine Milk Product Containing Anti—Candida Albicans Immunoglobulin A Antibodies on Yeast Colonization and Valve Leakage. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2012; 121:61-6. [DOI: 10.1177/000348941212100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Our goals were to determine whether a bovine milk product containing anti– Candida albicans immunoglobulin A antibodies (“immune milk”) could reduce the adherence of C albicans to voice prosthesis silicone in vitro, and whether administration of the milk could reduce C albicans colonization and voice prosthesis damage in vivo. Methods: An in vitro assay of C albicans attachment to silicone was developed with radiolabeled C albicans. A pilot crossover in vivo trial, over 3 periods of 3 months, was also undertaken for 4 patients with voice prostheses, comparing daily administrations of immune milk and a control milk product. The prosthesis valves were replaced at each change-over and were assessed for wet weight of removable biofilm, yeast numbers in removable biofilm, valve leakage, and valve damage. Results: Immune milk inhibited C albicans adherence to silicone in vitro. However, in a small clinical pilot study, this effect was not replicated. Conclusions: There is scope to further investigate the topical use of immune milk for management of voice prosthesis biofilms.
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Pagola S, Lapidus SH, Huba Z, Carpenter E, Al-Fattah T. Structural analysis of mechanochemical reaction products from powder diffraction. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311096590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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29
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Weiser D, Laudenslager M, Rappaport E, Carpenter E, Attiyeh EF, Diskin S, London WB, Maris JM, Mosse YP. Stratification of patients with neuroblastoma for targeted ALK inhibitor therapy. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.9514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Ryan S, Hassell A, Carpenter E. Characterizing the clinical practice and professional behaviour of rheumatology nurse specialists: a pilot study. Musculoskeletal Care 2010; 8:136-142. [PMID: 20306464 DOI: 10.1002/msc.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to characterize the practice of nurse specialists, for several reasons: to identify the skills and knowledge required for the role, to safeguard the role and to facilitate appropriate remuneration of activities. OBJECTIVE To develop an instrument, which characterizes the clinical and professional activities of rheumatology nurse specialists (RNSs). METHODS A questionnaire was produced, informed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), to assess competencies in advanced nursing practice and completed by senior clinical rheumatology nurses in the UK undertaking an MSc in rheumatology nursing. Consenting respondents were also interviewed, to enable triangulation of the data. RESULTS A 38-item questionnaire was produced. It comprised four sections: clinical activities, non-patient-based activities, professional behaviour and perceived confidence in a number of areas of practice. Thirteen nurses completed the questionnaire and seven of these took part in a telephone interview. All RNSs were engaged in the follow-up care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, providing education, psychological support, monitoring and changing of drug treatments, and referrals to other health professionals. The RNSs produced guidelines, conducted audits and provided mentorship. They had low levels of confidence in seeing new patients, presenting the results of an audit at a conference, and writing a business case. CONCLUSIONS We have begun the process of developing a questionnaire that can identify the clinical activities, perceived self-competence and professional behaviour of RNSs. This method of characterizing advanced nursing practice offers potential as a model for nurse specialists in other disciplines. Further work is required to validate the questionnaire on a large cohort of RNSs.
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Abstract
Colostrum and milk provide a complete diet for the neonate. In ruminants, colostrum is also the sole source of initial acquired immunity for the offspring. Milk therefore plays an important role in mammalian host defense. In colostrum, the concentration of immunoglobulins is particularly high, with IgG being the major immunoglobulin class present in ruminant milk, in contrast to IgA being the major immunoglobulin present in human milk. Immunoglobulins are transported into mammary secretions via specialized receptors. In addition to immunoglobulins, both colostrum and milk contain viable cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, which secrete a range of immune-related components into milk. These include cytokines and antimicrobial proteins and peptides, such as lactoferrin, defensins, and cathelicidins. Mammary epithelial cells themselves also contribute to the host defense by secreting a range of innate immune effector molecules. A detailed understanding of these proteins and peptides offers great potential to add value to the dairy industry. This is demonstrated by the wide-ranging commercial applications of lactoferrin derived from bovine milk. Knowledge of the immune function of milk, in particular, how the gland responds to pathogens, can be used to boost the concentrations of immune factors in milk through farm management practices and vaccination protocols. The latter approach is currently being used to maximize yields of bovine milk-derived IgA directed at specific antigens for therapeutic and prophylactic use. Increasingly sophisticated proteomics technologies are being applied to identify and characterize the functions of the minor components of milk. An overview is presented of the immune factors in colostrum and milk as well as the results of research aimed at realizing this untapped value in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stelwagen
- Dairy Science & Technology, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand.
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Helliwell JR, Ahmed HU, Blakeley M, Cianci M, Hubbard JA, Fisher S, Govada L, Chayen NE, Carpenter E, Squire J. The determination of protonation states in proteins. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307099485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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33
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Carpenter E, Hu Y, Yap T, Han J, Pramatarova A, Howell B, Phelps P. [P182]: Use of a β‐galactosidase reporter reveals novel areas of Disabled‐1 expression in embryonic and postnatal mouse CNS. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.09.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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34
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Lawson JS, Tran DD, Carpenter E, Ford CE, Rawlinson WD, Whitaker NJ, Delprado W. Presence of mouse mammary tumour-like virus gene sequences may be associated with morphology of specific human breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:1287-92. [PMID: 16698952 PMCID: PMC1860546 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2005.035907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) has a proven role in breast carcinogenesis in wild mice and genetically susceptible in-bred mice. MMTV-like env gene sequences, which indicate the presence of a replication-competent MMTV-like virus, have been identified in some human breast cancers, but rarely in normal breast tissues. However, no evidence for a causal role of an MMTV-like virus in human breast cancer has emerged, although there are precedents for associations between specific histological characteristics of human cancers and the presence of oncogenic viruses. AIM To investigate the possibility of an association between breast cancer and MMTV-like viruses. METHODS Histological characteristics of invasive ductal human breast cancer specimens were compared with archival MMTV-associated mammary tumours from C3H experimental mice. The presence of MMTV-like env DNA sequences in the human breast cancer specimens was determined by polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by Southern hybridisation. RESULTS MMTV-like env gene sequences were identified in 22 of 59 (37.3%) human breast cancer specimens. Seventeen of 43 (39.5%) invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer specimens and 4 of 16 (25%) ductal carcinoma in situ specimens had some histological characteristics, which were similar to MMTV-associated mouse mammary tumours. However, these similarities were not associated with the presence or absence of MMTV-like gene sequences in the human breast tumour specimens. A significant (p = 0.05) correlation was found between the grade of the human breast cancer and similarity to the mouse mammary tumours. The lower the grade, the greater the similarity. CONCLUSION Some human breast cancer specimens, in which MMTV-like env DNA sequences have been identified, were shown to have histological characteristics (morphology) similar to MMTV-associated mouse mammary tumours. These observations are compatible with, but not conclusive of, an association between the presence of MMTV-like env DNA sequences and some human breast cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/virology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/virology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/virology
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/virology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/isolation & purification
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Retroviridae Infections/complications
- Tumor Virus Infections/complications
- Viral Envelope Proteins/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lawson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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35
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Abstract
An ethnographic study employing intensive participant observation methods identified critical differences in styles of searching for competitive employment among people with severe mental illness and explored the social/cultural correlates of these job-seeking styles. Propensity for active job seeking was strongly associated with younger age, with participants' involvement in interdependent kin networks or households, with ethno-racial minority background, and with capacity for coherent discourse. Active job seekers did particularly well in a supported employment program, but also were able to find employment when assigned to other programs; passive job seekers had little success in any vocational program. The authors discuss several implications of these findings for vocational services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyt Alverson
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-3570, USA.
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36
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Abstract
The concept of gender considers masculinity and femininity as a cultural construct that varies along a continuum. Subjectively perceived, gender may affect the experience of illness among persons with schizophrenia and may have an impact on treatment and recovery. This study evaluated gender identity, according to the Bem Sex Role Inventory, among 90 men and women with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. The findings indicate that persons with schizophrenia experience their gender identity in ways that vary from culturally normative standards. Both men and women scored lower on traditional masculine descriptive measures compared with persons without schizophrenia. This finding has important implications for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sajatovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5000, USA.
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37
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Lillington DM, Micallef INM, Carpenter E, Neat MJ, Amess JAL, Matthews J, Foot NJ, Lister TA, Young BD, Rohatiner AZS. Genetic susceptibility to Hodgkin's disease and secondary neoplasias: FISH analysis reveals patients at high risk of developing secondary neoplasia. Ann Oncol 2002; 13 Suppl 1:40-3. [PMID: 12078901 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/13.s1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic drugs administered before high-dose therapy (HDT) represent a significant factor in the development of leukemic complications in patients with lymphoid malignancies. This retrospective study was used to detect evidence of abnormal therapy-related myelodysplasia/secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (tMDS/sAML) clones before HDT in a subset of patients who subsequently developed secondary neoplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS 230 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) underwent HDT comprising cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (TBI) with autologous hematopoietic progenitor-cell support. Thirty-three patients have developed tMDS/sAML and 20 of these were screened for the presence of emerging therapy-related abnormalities before HDT. A further 24 patients without evidence of secondary neoplasia were screened using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). RESULTS Significant levels of abnormal cells were identified in 20/20 patients screened who have developed secondary neoplasia compared with only three of 24 patients in the HDT control group who have not. The latter three patients have since died. CONCLUSIONS The triple FISH assay was developed to detect loss of chromosomal material from 5q31, 7q22 and 13q14. It can potentially identify those patients at risk of alkylating agent-induced leukaemia before they proceed to HDT. Used in a prospective manner, the triple FISH assay could permit more informed clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lillington
- Cancer Research UK, Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.
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Miller B, Townsend A, Carpenter E, Montgomery RV, Stull D, Young RF. Social support and caregiver distress: a replication analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2001; 56:S249-56. [PMID: 11445617 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/56.4.s249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior studies have conceptualized and operationalized social support in different ways, making it difficult to determine if the inconsistencies in findings are due to differences in study design, samples, conceptualization, or measurement. The present study examined the replicability of models of social support and caregiver distress across 4 community-based caregiving studies representative of many conducted in the past 10 years. The goal was to identify areas of consistency in findings across the data sets. METHODS The authors analyzed 3 models specifying patterns of relationship between social support and depression (main effect, mediation effect, and moderation effect) separately within data sets using hierarchical ordinary least squares regression. Results were compared across data sets. RESULTS The replication analysis confirmed the robustness of behavior problems and caregiver health as important contributors to caregiver distress. Results of hypotheses examining the pattern of relationship between social support and distress were inconsistent, however. Only 1 type of social support was associated with distress in the expected direction: Less emotional support was associated with higher levels of distress in 2 of the 4 data sets. DISCUSSION More complex theoretical models that incorporate common measures to represent the linkages between types of stressor, types of support, and their interactions are needed to foster replicability and generalizability of research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Miller
- Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Abstract
Substitution of extracellular Na+ with N-methyl D-glucamine caused marked hyperpolarisation in rat isolated carotid body type I cells, suggesting the presence of a standing Na+ conductance. Choline substitution produced smaller hyperpolarisations, whilst Li+ was virtually without effect. This Na+ conductance was not blocked by amiloride, tetrodotoxin, Zn2+ or Gd3+ and did not arise from electrogenic Na-glucose co-transport, since substitution of glucose with sucrose could not mimic the effects of Na+ substitution. Hypoxia and acidosis did not modify the tonic Na+ influx. Our results suggest that Na+ influx provides a constant depolarising influence on type I cells which acts to shift membrane potential beyond that required for initiation of neurosecretion, an essential step in carotid body chemotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carpenter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Leeds, UK
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40
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Lillington DM, Micallef IN, Carpenter E, Neat MJ, Amess JA, Matthews J, Foot NJ, Young BD, Lister TA, Rohatiner AZ. Detection of chromosome abnormalities pre-high-dose treatment in patients developing therapy-related myelodysplasia and secondary acute myelogenous leukemia after treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2472-81. [PMID: 11331326 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.9.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether pre-high-dose therapy (HDT)-related factors play a critical role in the development of therapy-related myelodysplasia (tMDS) or secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (sAML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine of 230 patients with a primary diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) developed tMDS/sAML after HDT comprising cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation (TBI) supported by autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells. G-banding and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect clonal cytogenetic abnormalities. RESULTS The majority of patients showed complex karyotypes at diagnosis of tMDS/sAML containing, in particular, complete or partial loss of chromosomes 5 and/or 7. Using single locus-specific FISH probes, significant levels of clonally abnormal cells were found before HDT in 20 of 20 tMDS/sAML patients screened, compared with three of 24 patients screened who currently have not developed tMDS/sAML, at a median follow-up of 5.9 years after HDT. CONCLUSION Prior cytotoxic therapy may play an important etiologic role and may predispose to the development of tMDS/sAML. Using a triple FISH assay designed to detect loss of chromosomal material from 5q31, 7q22, or 13q14, significant levels of abnormal cells can be detected before HDT and may predict which patients are at increased risk of developing secondary disease. Further prospective evaluation of this FISH assay is warranted to determine its predictive power in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lillington
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Zhang Z, Carpenter E, Puyan X, Dovichi NJ. Manipulation of protein fingerprints during on-column fluorescent labeling: Protein fingerprinting of sixStaphylococcus species by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:1127-32. [PMID: 11358137 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683()22:6<1127::aid-elps1127>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial proteomes were analyzed by use of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) and field-enhanced stacking. A water-soluble protein fraction was injected onto a capillary. Next, a fluorogenic reagent was injected and allowed to react with the protein mixture, producing fluorescent products that were separated by submicellar capillary electrophoresis and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. By use of a low-ionic strength sample buffer and a brief electrophoretic step, slow moving anionic proteins were stacked at the reagent-sample interface and were preferentially labeled. By reversing the order of sample injection and labeling reagent, fast moving cationic proteins were preferentially labeled. By adjustment of the sample buffer pH, proteins with different isoelectric points were selectively labeled. Electrophoresis fingerprints were generated for the water-soluble protein fraction from six Staphylococcus species. The protein patterns produced were species-specific and were used to construct a phylogenetic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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42
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Taylor SC, Green KN, Carpenter E, Peers C. Protein kinase C evokes quantal catecholamine release from PC12 cells via activation of L-type Ca2+ channels. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:26786-91. [PMID: 10852919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003881200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to PC12 cells under resting conditions evoked quantal catecholamine secretion, as detected amperometrically. This effect was not mimicked by 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, another phorbol ester, which is inactive with respect to protein kinase C activation, and was prevented by the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide. TPA also caused a rise of [Ca(2+)](i) in Fura-2-loaded PC12 cells, and again this was not mimicked by 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate and could be blocked by bisindolylmaleimide. TPA-evoked secretion was entirely dependent on extracellular Ca(2+) and was fully abolished by nifedipine, as were TPA-induced rises of [Ca(2+)](i). Resting membrane potential, monitored using perforated patch recordings, was unaffected by TPA. However, a small (6-8 mV) hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of Ca(2+) channel currents (determined using whole-cell patch clamp recordings) was induced by TPA, and this could be fully prevented by nifedipine. In contrast to results with depolarizing stimuli, which evoke exocytosis because of Ca(2+) influx through N-type channels in these cells, the present results indicate that protein kinase C activation leads directly to quantal catecholamine secretion in the absence of depolarizing stimuli via a selective shift in the activation of L-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Taylor
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Menalled L, Zanjani H, MacKenzie L, Koppel A, Carpenter E, Zeitlin S, Chesselet MF. Decrease in striatal enkephalin mRNA in mouse models of Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 2000; 162:328-42. [PMID: 10739639 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1999.7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative illness characterized by massive neuronal loss in the striatum. It is caused by the presence of an expanded CAG repeat in the gene encoding huntingtin, a protein of unknown function. We have examined the expression of neurotransmitters and other antigens present in striatal neurons with immunohistochemistry, and the level of expression of mRNAs encoding enkephalin, substance P, and glutamic acid decarboxylases with quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry, in the striatum of two mouse models of Huntington's disease: transgenic animals expressing exon 1 of the human huntingtin gene with 144 CAG repeats and "knock-in" mice containing a chimeric mouse/human exon 1 with 71 or 94 CAG repeats inserted by homologous targeting. Although the transgenic (but not the knock-in) mice were previously shown to display prominent huntingtin- and ubiquitin-containing nuclear inclusions in striatal neurons, in situ nick translation followed by emulsion autoradiography did not reveal any DNA damage in striatum or cortex in these mice. Immunolabeling for calbindin D 28K, enkephalin, substance P, glutamic acid decarboxylases (M(r) 65,000 or 67,000, GAD65 and GAD67), somatostatin, choline acetyltransferase, parvalbumin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were remarkably similar in transgenic, knock-in, and wild-type mice. Both transgenic and knock-in mice, however, showed a marked decrease in the level of expression of enkephalin mRNA in striatal neurons without significant decreases in mRNAs encoding substance P, GAD65, or GAD67. The data indicate that decreased expression of enkephalin mRNA may be an early sign of neuronal dysfunction due to the Huntington's disease mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Menalled
- Department of Neurology and Mental Retardation Center, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Abstract
1. Amperometric recordings were conducted to investigate the ability of hypoxia and anoxia to evoke quantal catecholamine secretion from isolated type I cells of the rat carotid body. 2. Hypoxia (PO2 8-14 mmHg) consistently failed to evoke catecholamine secretion from type I cells, when cells were perfused either at room temperature (21-24 C) or at 35-37 C, and regardless of whether Hepes- or HCO3-/CO2-buffered solutions were used. 3. Elevating extracellular [K+] caused concentration-dependent secretion from individual type I cells, with a threshold concentration of approximately 25 mM. In the presence of this level of extracellular K+, hypoxia (PO2 8-14 mmHg) caused a marked enhancement of secretion which was fully blocked by 200 microM Cd2+, a non-specific blocker of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 4. Anoxia (N2-equilibrated solution containing 0.5 mM dithionite) evoked exocytosis from type I cells when extracellular [K+] was 5 mM. This secretion was completely inhibited by removal of extracellular Ca2+, but was not significantly affected by Cd2+ (200 microM), Ni2+ (2 mM), Zn2+ (1 mM) or nifedipine (2 microM). Secretion was also observed when 0.5 mM dithionite was added to air-equilibrated solutions. 5. Anoxia also evoked secretion from chemoreceptive phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells, which was wholly Ca2+ dependent, but unaffected by Cd2+ (200 microM). 6. Our results suggest that hypoxia can evoke catecholamine secretion from isolated type I cells, but only in the presence of elevated extracellular [K+]. This may be due to the cells being relatively hyperpolarized following dissociation. In addition, we have shown that dithionite evokes catecholamine release regardless of PO2 levels, and this release is due mainly to an artefactual Ca2+ influx pathway activated in the presence of dithionite.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carpenter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT and Department of Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Gormley E, Fray L, Sandall L, Ke G, Dupont C, Carpenter E. Detection of Mycobacterium bovis lymphocyte stimulating antigens in culture filtrates of a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis cosmid library. Vaccine 1999; 17:2792-801. [PMID: 10438049 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Culture filtrates derived from a Mycobacterium bovis cosmid library in Mycobacterium smegmatis were screened for bovine lymphocyte stimulatory antigens using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cattle vaccinated with a low dose of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production were used as cellular response markers for antigen recognition. In the primary screen, approximately 28% of all culture filtrates (CF) stimulated responses by PBMC from at least two out of four vaccinated cattle. In one of these CF, the M. bovis Ag85-B antigen was detected by Western-blot analysis. Despite heterogeneous lymphocyte responses of the animals, twenty-four of the culture filtrates stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma production from at least six out of eight vaccinated animals in a secondary screen. Analysis of the cosmid DNA associated with these positive CF demonstrated that several contained homologous DNA sequences. It appears that the lymphocyte screening has detected M. bovis antigens that are immuno-dominant in cattle vaccinated with M. bovis BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gormley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Taylor SC, Carpenter E, Roberts ML, Peers C. Potentiation of quantal catecholamine secretion by glibenclamide: evidence for a novel role of sulphonylurea receptors in regulating the Ca(2+) sensitivity of exocytosis. J Neurosci 1999; 19:5741-9. [PMID: 10407015 PMCID: PMC6783092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/1999] [Accepted: 04/28/1999] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical detection of quantal catecholamine release from PC-12 cells revealed that glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, potentiated Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis evoked by raised extracellular [K(+)] and by exposure of cells to caffeine. Glibenclamide was without effect on voltage-gated Ca(2+) currents, membrane potential, or rises of [Ca(2+)](i) evoked by either raised extracellular [K(+)] or caffeine. The dependence of K(+)-evoked secretion on extracellular Ca(2+) was shifted leftward in the presence of glibenclamide, with a small increase in the plateau level of release, suggesting that glibenclamide primarily increased the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the exocytotic apparatus. Enhancement of secretion by glibenclamide was reversed by pinacidil and cromakalim, indicating that the effects of glibenclamide were mediated via an action on a sulfonylurea receptor. These results demonstrate that sulfonylurea receptors can modulate Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis via a mechanism downstream of Ca(2+) influx or mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Taylor
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Whole-cell recordings were used to investigate the effects of a 3-week period of hypoxia (10% O2) on the properties of K+ and Ca2+ currents in type I cells isolated from adult rat carotid bodies. Chronic hypoxia significantly increased whole-cell membrane capacitance. K+ current amplitudes were not affected by this period of hypoxia, but K+ current density was significantly reduced in cells from chronically hypoxic rats as compared with normoxically maintained, age-matched controls. K+ current density was separated into Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent components by bath application of 200 microM Cd2+, which blocked Ca2+ currents and therefore, indirectly, Ca2+-dependent K+ currents. Ca2+-dependent K+ current density was not significantly different in control and chronically hypoxic type I cells. Cd2+-resistant (Ca2+-insensitive) K+ current densities were significantly reduced in type I cells from chronically hypoxic rats. Acute hypoxia (Po2 15-22 mmHg) caused reversible, selective inhibition of Ca2+-dependent K+ currents in both groups of cells and Ca2+-insensitive K+ currents were unaffected by acute hypoxia. Ca2+ channel current density was not significantly affected by chronic hypoxia, nor was the degree of Ca2+ channel current inhibition caused by nifedipine (5 microM). Acute hypoxia did not affect Ca2+ channel currents in either group. Our results indicate that adult rat type I cells undergo a selective suppression of Ca2+-insensitive, voltage-gated K+ currents in response to chronic hypoxia in vivo. These findings are discussed in relation to the known adaptations of the intact carotid body to chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carpenter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Peers C, Carpenter E. Inhibition of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in rat carotid body type I cells by protein kinase C. J Physiol 1998; 512 ( Pt 3):743-50. [PMID: 9769418 PMCID: PMC2231235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.743bd.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/1998] [Accepted: 07/27/1998] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to investigate the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) activation on K+ and Ca2+ currents in type I cells isolated from the rat carotid body. 2. Pretreatment of cells for 10 min at 37 C with 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4alpha-PDD, 200 nM), a phorbol ester which does not activate PKC, did not affect K+ current density as compared with cells pretreated with vehicle alone. By contrast, identical pretreatment with 200 nM 12-O-teradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, a PKC activator) dramatically reduced K+ current density in type I cells. This effect was prevented by co-incubation of cells with the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (BIM, 3 microM). 3. The sensitivity of K+ currents to inhibition by 200 microM Cd2+ (indicative of the presence of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels) was markedly reduced in TPA-treated cells as compared with sham-treated cells, cells treated with 4alpha-PDD, and cells treated with both TPA and BIM. Cd2+-resistant K+ current densities were of similar magnitude in all four groups of cells, as were the input resistances determined over the voltage range -100 mV to -50 mV. 4. Ca2+ channel current density was not significantly different in type I cells pretreated with 200 nM 4alpha-PDD as compared with cells treated with the same concentration of TPA. 5. The degree of inhibition of K+ currents caused by hypoxia (Po2 15-20 mmHg) was unaltered by pretreatment of cells with 3 microM BIM. 6. The resting membrane potential of cells pretreated with TPA was depolarized as compared with controls, and the Ca2+-dependent K+ channel inhibitor iberiotoxin (20 nM) failed to depolarize these cells further. 7. Our results suggest that activation of PKC causes a marked, selective inhibition of Ca2+-dependent K+ currents in type I carotid body cells, but that PKC activation is unlikely to account for inhibition of these channels by acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peers
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in macrophages isolated from Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-immunized, and control non-immunized, cattle. Incubation of M. bovis BCG-infected macrophages with recombinant bovine IFN-gamma led to increased nitrite levels in culture supernatants. It was also demonstrated that NO production by autologous M. bovis BCG-infected macrophages increased in a linear relationship with the number of antigen-specific lymphocytes added to cultures. The elevated NO levels were also associated with increased IFN-gamma secretion. Treatment of cultures with the NO inhibitor, N-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA), reduced the levels of NO without affecting the metabolic activity of internalized M. bovis BCG. Our results suggest that synthesis of NO may constitute an integral part of the cell-mediated antigen-specific response against M. bovis BCG. However, although the presence of lymphocytes does partially inhibit multiplication of M. bovis BCG in macrophages, it appears that the activity of NO, or the levels produced in monocyte-derived macrophages, may be insufficient to influence the growth of the intracellular mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carpenter
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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50
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Abstract
Cellular responses of a group of cattle immunized subcutaneously with a low dose of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) were measured in vitro and compared with nonimmunized control animals. PBMC taken from immunized animals proliferated and produced IFN-gamma in the presence of M. bovis BCG culture filtrate proteins. The addition of PBMC from immunized animals to M. bovis BCG-infected autologous macrophages also resulted in secretion of IFN-gamma. In contrast, the responses of PBMC from control animals were comparatively low over the period of study. In experiments to study the interaction of non-adherent lymphocytes with infected macrophages, M. bovis BCG growth was inhibited in cultures containing autologous PBMC from immunized and non-immunized control animals. The degree of inhibition was related to lymphocyte concentration but did not correlate with IFN-gamma production. Treatment of macrophages with recombinant IFN-gamma prior to, or postinfection did not alter the intracellular growth kinetics of mycobacteria. It appears, therefore, that although M. bovis BCG immunization of cattle stimulates the generation of a T cell-mediated immune response to M. bovis BCG, the cattle may already possess a high level of innate resistance to M. bovis BCG that requires the presence of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carpenter
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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