1
|
Adamson A, Davies K, Wham C, Kepa M, Foster E, Jones A, Mathers J, Granic A, Teh R, Moyes S, Hayman K, Siervo M, Maxted E, Redwood K, Collerton J, Jagger C, Kirkwood T, Dyall L, Kerse N. Assessment of Dietary Intake in Three Cohorts of Advanced Age in Two Countries: Methodology Challenges. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:59-66. [PMID: 36651487 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary intake information is key to understanding nutrition-related outcomes. Intake changes with age and some older people are at increased risk of malnutrition. Application, difficulties, and advantages of the 24-hour multiple pass recall (24hr-MPR) dietary assessment method in three cohorts of advanced age in the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ) is described. PARTICIPANTS The Newcastle 85+ study (UK) recruited a single year birth cohort of people aged 85 years during 2006-7. LiLACS NZ recruited a 10-year birth cohort of Māori (indigenous New Zealanders) aged 80-90 years and a single year birth cohort of non-Māori aged 85 years in 2010. MEASUREMENTS Two 24hr-MPR were conducted on non-consecutive days by trained assessors. Pictorial resources and language were adapted for the New Zealand and Māori contexts. Detailed methods are described. RESULTS In the Newcastle 85+ study, 805 (93%) participants consented to the 24-MPR, 95% of whom completed two 24hr-MPR; in LiLACS NZ, 218 (82%) consented and 203 (76%) Māori and 353 (90%) non-Māori completed two 24hr-MPR. Mean time to complete each 24hr-MPR was 22 minutes in the Newcastle 85+ study, and 45 minutes for Māori and 39 minutes for non-Māori in LiLACS NZ. Dietary assessment of participants residing in residential care and those requiring proxy respondents were successfully included in both studies. Most participants (83-94%) felt that data captured by the 24hr-MPR reflected their usual dietary intake. CONCLUSIONS Dietary assessment using 24hr-MPR was successful in capturing detailed dietary data including information on portion size and time of eating for over 1300 octogenarians in the UK and New Zealand (Māori and non- Māori). The 24hr-MPR is an acceptable method of dietary assessment in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Adamson
- Professor Ngaire Kerse, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, New Zealand,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aldous G, Mathers J. Smartphone flashlight to aid in locating lost and dropped surgical sharps. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:248. [PMID: 29046103 PMCID: PMC5930085 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Aldous
- Department of Anaesthesia, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
| | - J Mathers
- Department of Anaesthesia, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao A, Drewnowski A, Willcox DC, Krämer L, Lausted C, Eggersdorfer M, Mathers J, Bell JD, Randolph RK, Witkamp R, Griffiths JC. Optimal nutrition and the ever-changing dietary landscape: a conference report. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:1-21. [PMID: 28474121 PMCID: PMC5442251 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of nutrition has evolved rapidly over the past century. Nutrition scientists and policy makers in the developed world have shifted the focus of their efforts from dealing with diseases of overt nutrient deficiency to a new paradigm aimed at coping with conditions of excess-calories, sedentary lifestyles and stress. Advances in nutrition science, technology and manufacturing have largely eradicated nutrient deficiency diseases, while simultaneously facing the growing challenges of obesity, non-communicable diseases and aging. Nutrition research has gone through a necessary evolution, starting with a reductionist approach, driven by an ambition to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects of individual nutrients at the cellular and molecular levels. This approach has appropriately expanded in recent years to become more holistic with the aim of understanding the role of nutrition in the broader context of dietary patterns. Ultimately, this approach will culminate in a full understanding of the dietary landscape-a web of interactions between nutritional, dietary, social, behavioral and environmental factors-and how it impacts health maintenance and promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Shao
- Herbalife Nutrition, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - D C Willcox
- Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Japan
| | - L Krämer
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| | - C Lausted
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - J Mathers
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J D Bell
- University of Westminster, London, UK
| | | | - R Witkamp
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Griffiths
- Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nepogodiev D, Howard R, Pathmakanthan S, Iqbal T, Singh B, Oo Y, Mathers J, McMullan C, Sahamai S, Gath J, Magill L, Handley K, Deeks J, Bemelman W, Morton D, Pinkney T. The ACCURE-UK trial: The effect of appendectomy on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis – A feasibility study. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Mathers J, Rick C, Jenkinson C, Garside R, Pall H, Mitchell R, Bayliss S, Jones LL. Patients' experiences of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a qualitative systematic review and synthesis. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011525. [PMID: 27338883 PMCID: PMC4932278 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and synthesise qualitative research studies that have explored patients' experience of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-synthesis of 7 original papers, using metaethnography. SETTING Studies conducted in Denmark, France and Sweden. PARTICIPANTS 116 patients who had undergone DBS and 9 spouses of patients. RESULTS Prior to surgery, the experience of advancing PD is one of considerable loss and a feeling of loss of control. There are significant hopes for what DBS can bring. Following surgery, a sense of euphoria is described by many, although this does not persist and there is a need for significant transitions following this. We suggest that normality as a concept is core to the experience of DBS and that a sense of control may be a key condition for normality. Experience of DBS for patients and spouses, and of the transitions that they must undertake, is influenced by their hopes of what surgery will enable them to achieve, or regain (ie, a new normality). CONCLUSIONS There is a need for further qualitative research to understand the nature of these transitions to inform how best patients and their spouses can be supported by healthcare professionals before, during and after DBS. In assessing the outcomes of DBS and other treatments in advanced PD, we should consider how to capture holistic concepts such as normality and control. Studies that examine the outcomes of DBS require longer term follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mathers
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Rick
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Jenkinson
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Garside
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - H Pall
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Bayliss
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L L Jones
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Keeley T, Williamson P, Callery P, Jones LL, Mathers J, Jones J, Young B, Calvert M. The use of qualitative methods to inform Delphi surveys in core outcome set development. Trials 2016; 17:230. [PMID: 27142835 PMCID: PMC4855446 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Core outcome sets (COS) help to minimise bias in trials and facilitate evidence synthesis. Delphi surveys are increasingly being used as part of a wider process to reach consensus about what outcomes should be included in a COS. Qualitative research can be used to inform the development of Delphi surveys. This is an advance in the field of COS development and one which is potentially valuable; however, little guidance exists for COS developers on how best to use qualitative methods and what the challenges are. This paper aims to provide early guidance on the potential role and contribution of qualitative research in this area. We hope the ideas we present will be challenged, critiqued and built upon by others exploring the role of qualitative research in COS development. This paper draws upon the experiences of using qualitative methods in the pre-Delphi stage of the development of three different COS. Using these studies as examples, we identify some of the ways that qualitative research might contribute to COS development, the challenges in using such methods and areas where future research is required. Results Qualitative research can help to identify what outcomes are important to stakeholders; facilitate understanding of why some outcomes may be more important than others, determine the scope of outcomes; identify appropriate language for use in the Delphi survey and inform comparisons between stakeholder data and other sources, such as systematic reviews. Developers need to consider a number of methodological points when using qualitative research: specifically, which stakeholders to involve, how to sample participants, which data collection methods are most appropriate, how to consider outcomes with stakeholders and how to analyse these data. A number of areas for future research are identified. Conclusions Qualitative research has the potential to increase the research community’s confidence in COS, although this will be dependent upon using rigorous and appropriate methodology. We have begun to identify some issues for COS developers to consider in using qualitative methods to inform the development of Delphi surveys in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Keeley
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.
| | - P Williamson
- Department of Biostatistics, MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - P Callery
- Midwifery and Social Work, School of Nursing, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - L L Jones
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - J Mathers
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - J Jones
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - B Young
- Department of Psychological Sciences and MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - M Calvert
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mathers J, Harding L, Smeulders N, Davies R, Hume-Smith H. Re "Cardiac dysrhythmias induced by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children". J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10:1288. [PMID: 25267217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Mathers
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N3JH, UK.
| | - L Harding
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N3JH, UK
| | - N Smeulders
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N3JH, UK
| | - R Davies
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N3JH, UK
| | - H Hume-Smith
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N3JH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Robinson S, Mann J, Vasilaki A, Mathers J, Burt A, Oakley F, White S, Mann D. Pathogenesis of FOLFOX induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in a murine chemotherapy model. J Hepatol 2013; 59:318-26. [PMID: 23624001 PMCID: PMC3710969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) following oxaliplatin based chemotherapy can have a significant impact on post-operative outcome following resection of colorectal liver metastases. To date no relevant experimental models of oxaliplatin induced SOS have been described. The aim of this project was to establish a rodent model which could be utilised to investigate mechanisms underlying SOS to aid the development of therapeutic strategies. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice, maintained on a purified diet, were treated with intra-peritoneal FOLFOX (n=10), or vehicle (n=10), weekly for five weeks and culled one week following final treatment. Sections of the liver and spleen were fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded for histological analysis. The role of oxidative stress on experimental-induced SOS was determined by dietary supplementation with butylated hydroxyanisole and N-acetylcysteine. RESULTS FOLFOX treatment was associated with the development of sinusoidal dilatation and hepatocyte atrophy on H&E stained sections of the liver in keeping with SOS. Immunohistochemistry for p21 demonstrated the presence of replicative senescence within the sinusoidal endothelium. FOLFOX induced endothelial damage leads to a pro-thrombotic state within the liver associated with upregulation of PAI-1 (p<0.001), vWF (p<0.01) and Factor X (p<0.001), which may contribute to the propagation of liver injury. Dietary supplementation with the antioxidant BHA prevented the development of significant SOS. CONCLUSIONS We have developed the first reproducible model of chemotherapy induced SOS that reflects the pathogenesis of this disease in patients. It appears that the use of antioxidants alongside oxaliplatin based chemotherapy may be of value in preventing the development of SOS in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Robinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK,Department of HPB Surgery, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK,Corresponding author. Address: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - J. Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A. Vasilaki
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - J. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - A.D. Burt
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - F. Oakley
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - S.A. White
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK,Department of HPB Surgery, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - D.A. Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lain S, Hollick JJ, Campbell J, Staples OD, Higgins M, Aoubala M, McCarthy A, Appleyard V, Murray KE, Baker L, Thompson A, Mathers J, Holland SJ, Stark MJR, Pass G, Woods J, Lane DP, Westwood NJ. Discovery, in vivo activity, and mechanism of action of a small-molecule p53 activator. Cancer Cell 2008; 13:454-63. [PMID: 18455128 PMCID: PMC2742717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out a cell-based screen aimed at discovering small molecules that activate p53 and have the potential to decrease tumor growth. Here, we describe one of our hit compounds, tenovin-1, along with a more water-soluble analog, tenovin-6. Via a yeast genetic screen, biochemical assays, and target validation studies in mammalian cells, we show that tenovins act through inhibition of the protein-deacetylating activities of SirT1 and SirT2, two important members of the sirtuin family. Tenovins are active on mammalian cells at one-digit micromolar concentrations and decrease tumor growth in vivo as single agents. This underscores the utility of these compounds as biological tools for the study of sirtuin function as well as their potential therapeutic interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Lain
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kiec-Wilk B, Polus A, Mikolajczyk M, Sliwa A, Mathers J, Dembinska-Kiec A. THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN PRO-CHEMOTACTIC INFLUENCE OF BETA-CAROTENE AND FATTY ACIDS ON ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Burn J, Bishop D, Mecklin J, Macrae F, M¨oslein G, Olschwang S, Bisgaard M, Ramesar R, Elliott F, Mathers J. S25. Results of the CAPP-2-trial (Aspirin and resistant starch) in HNPCC gene carriers. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
12
|
Abstract
Aerobic cells produce reactive oxygen species as a consequence of normal cellular metabolism, and an array of antioxidant systems are in place to maintain the redox balance. When the redox equilibrium of the cell is upset by pro-oxidant environmental stimuli, adaptive responses to the redox stress take place, which can result in up-regulation of antioxidant proteins and detoxification enzymes. Over the past few years, it has become apparent that members of the CNC (cap 'n' collar)-basic leucine zipper family of transcription factors are principal mediators of defensive responses to redox stress. In mammals, the CNC family members nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factors 1 and 2 (Nrf1 and Nrf2) have been shown to be involved in the transcriptional up-regulation of cytoprotective genes including those encoding glutamate cysteine ligase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione S-transferases and aldo-keto reductases. An evolutionarily conserved system exists in Caenorhabditis elegans, and it is possible that Drosophila melanogaster may also utilize CNC transcription factors to induce antioxidant genes in response to pro-oxidant chemicals. The advent of microarray and proteomic technologies has advanced our understanding of the gene batteries regulated by oxidative insult, but has highlighted the complexity of gene regulation by environmental factors. This review focuses on the antioxidant response to environmental stress, and the impact that microarrays and proteomics have made in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Mathers
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD I 9SY, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
McBride MW, Brosnan MJ, Mathers J, McLellan LI, Miller WH, Graham D, Hanlon N, Hamilton CA, Polke JM, Lee WK, Dominiczak AF. Reduction of
Gstm1
Expression in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertension Rat Contributes to Increased Oxidative Stress. Hypertension 2005; 45:786-92. [PMID: 15699453 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000154879.49245.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human essential hypertension is a classic example of a complex, multifactorial, polygenic disease with a substantial genetic influence in which the underlying genetic components remain unknown. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rat (SHRSP) is a well-characterized experimental model for essential hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Previous work, identified glutathione
S
-transferase μ type 1, a protein involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, as a positional and functional candidate gene. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a highly significant, 4-fold reduction of glutathione
S
-transferase μ type 1 mRNA expression in 5- and 16-week-old SHRSP compared with the congenic and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. This suggests that differential expression is not attributable to long-term changes in blood pressure. DNA sequencing identified one coding single nucleotide polymorphism (R202H) and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region. mRNA expression changes were reflected at the protein level, with significant reductions in the SHRSP glutathione
S
-transferase μ type 1. Protein was colocalized with aquaporin 2 to the principle cells of the renal collecting ducts. Coupled to significant increases in nitrotyrosine levels in the kidney, this suggests a pathophysiological role of this protein in hypertension and oxidative stress. Similar processes may underlie oxidative stress in the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin W McBride
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mangels D, Mathers J, Bolhuis A, Robinson C. The Core TatABC Complex of the Twin-arginine Translocase in Escherichia coli: TatC Drives Assembly Whereas TatA is Essential for Stability. J Mol Biol 2005; 345:415-23. [PMID: 15571732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Revised: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Current models for the action of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system propose that substrates bind initially to the TatBC subunits, after which a separate TatA complex is recruited to form an active translocon. Here, we have studied the roles of individual subunits in the assembly and stability of the core TatBC-containing substrate-binding complex. Previous studies have shown that TatB and TatC are active when fused together; we show here that deletion of the entire TatB transmembrane span from this Tat(BC) fusion inactivates the Tat system but does not affect assembly of the core complex. In this mutated complex, TatA is present but more loosely bound, indicating a role for TatB in the correct binding of TatA. In the absence of TatA, the truncated TatBC fusion protein still assembles into a complex of the correct magnitude, demonstrating that the transmembrane spans of TatC are the only determinants within the membrane bilayer that specify assembly of this complex. Further studies on both the Tat(BC) construct and the wild-type TatBC subunits show that the TatBC complex is unstable in the absence of TatA, and we show that TatA stabilises the TatB subunit specifically within this complex. The results demonstrate a dual role and location for TatA: in the functioning/maintenance of the core complex, and as a separate homo-oligomeric complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Mangels
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Karlsson M, Mathers J, Dickinson RJ, Mandl M, Keyse SM. Both nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of the dual specificity phosphatase MKP-3 and its ability to anchor MAP kinase in the cytoplasm are mediated by a conserved nuclear export signal. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:41882-91. [PMID: 15269220 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406720200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP)-3 is a cytoplasmic dual specificity protein phosphatase that specifically binds to and inactivates the ERK1/2 MAP kinases in mammalian cells. However, the molecular basis of the cytoplasmic localization of MKP-3 or its physiological significance is unknown. We have used MKP-3-green fluorescent protein fusions in conjunction with leptomycin B to show that the cytoplasmic localization of MKP-3 is mediated by a chromosome region maintenance-1 (CRM1)-dependent nuclear export pathway. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of MKP-3 seen in the presence of leptomycin B is mediated by an active process, indicating that MKP-3 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The amino-terminal noncatalytic domain of MKP-3 is both necessary and sufficient for nuclear export of the phosphatase and contains a single functional leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES). Even though this domain of the protein also mediates the binding of MKP-3 to MAP kinase, we show that mutations of the kinase interaction motif which abrogate ERK2 binding do not affect MKP-3 localization. Conversely, mutation of the NES does not affect either the binding or phosphatase activity of MKP-3 toward ERK2, indicating that the kinase interaction motif and NES function independently. Finally, we demonstrate that the ability of MKP-3 to cause the cytoplasmic retention of ERK2 requires both a functional kinase interaction motif and NES. We conclude that in addition to its established function in the regulated dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinase, MKP-3 may also play a role in determining the subcellular localization of its substrate. Our results reinforce the idea that regulatory proteins such as MKP-3 may play a key role in the spatio-temporal regulation of MAP kinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karlsson
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Research Centre, Level 5, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liljegren A, Barker G, Mathers J, Lindblom A, Nilsson B, Rotstein S, Burn J, Bishop T. Prevalence of adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in carriers of HNPCC (LYNCH Syndrome). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Liljegren
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institution of Human Genetics Annex, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - G. Barker
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institution of Human Genetics Annex, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mathers
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institution of Human Genetics Annex, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A. Lindblom
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institution of Human Genetics Annex, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - B. Nilsson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institution of Human Genetics Annex, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S. Rotstein
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institution of Human Genetics Annex, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Burn
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institution of Human Genetics Annex, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - T. Bishop
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institution of Human Genetics Annex, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports folded proteins across bacterial plasma membranes and the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Here, we investigate the composition and structural organization of three different purified Tat complexes from Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. First, we demonstrate the functional activity of these Tat systems in vivo, since expression of the tatABC operons from S.typhimurium or A.tumefaciens in an E.coli tat null mutant strain resulted in efficient Tat-dependent export of an E.coli cofactor-containing substrate, TMAO reductase. The three isolated, affinity-tagged Tat complexes comprised TatA, TatB and TatC in each case, demonstrating a strong interaction between these three subunits. Single-particle electron microscopy studies of all three complexes revealed approximately oval-shaped, asymmetric particles with maximal dimensions up to 13 nm. A common feature is a number of stain-excluding densities surrounding more or less central pools of stain, suggesting protein-lined pores or cavities. The characteristics of size variation among the particles suggest a modular form of assembly and/or the recruitment of varying numbers of TatBC/TatA units. Despite low levels of sequence homology, the combined data indicate structural and functional conservation in the Tat systems of these three bacterial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Oates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eblaghie MC, Lunn JS, Dickinson RJ, Münsterberg AE, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ, Farrell ER, Mathers J, Keyse SM, Storey K, Tickle C. Negative feedback regulation of FGF signaling levels by Pyst1/MKP3 in chick embryos. Curr Biol 2003; 13:1009-18. [PMID: 12814546 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of endogenous antagonists in intracellular signal transduction pathways is becoming increasingly recognized. There is evidence in cultured mammalian cells that Pyst1/MKP3, a dual specificity protein phosphatase, specifically binds to and inactivates ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). High-level Pyst1/Mkp3 expression has recently been found at many sites of known FGF signaling in mouse embryos, but the significance of this association and its function are not known. RESULTS We have cloned chicken Pyst1/Mkp3 and show that high-level expression in neural plate correlates with active MAPK. We show that FGF signaling regulates Pyst1 expression in developing neural plate and limb bud by ablating and/or transplanting tissue sources of FGFs and by applying FGF protein or a specific FGFR inhibitor (SU5402). We further show by applying a specific MAP kinase kinase inhibitor (PD184352) that Pyst1 expression is regulated via the MAPK cascade. Overexpression of Pyst1 in chick embryos reduces levels of activated MAPK in neural plate and alters its morphology and retards limb bud outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS Pyst1 is an inducible antagonist of FGF signaling in embryos and acts in a negative feedback loop to regulate the activity of MAPK. Our results demonstrate both the importance of MAPK signaling in neural induction and limb bud outgrowth and the critical role played by dual specificity MAP kinase phosphatases in regulating developmental outcomes in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C Eblaghie
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to identify 'non-medical' datasets holding routinely collected information that might be used to measure and monitor the wider determinants of community health and well-being. METHODS An expert panel discussion, involving public health and environmental health academics and professionals with expertise in a variety of backgrounds (including environmental health, housing, transport, community safety, public health, primary and secondary care), and interrogation of the Office for National Statistics database were carried out for the West Midlands region. The aim was to identify routinely collected 'non-medical' datasets containing information on the following factors: physical environment, crime, housing and homelessness, social services, socio-economic environment including employment, lifestyles, education, leisure and culture, transport and accidents. RESULTS Fifty-six datasets were identified. Although 43 (77 per cent) were collected at least annually, few (17; 30 per cent) held data that were disaggregated and routinely available at the sub-local authority level. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified a number of datasets that hold information relevant to health. However, no single dataset is likely to provide information on all dimensions of health and the determinants of health, and local agencies should consider carefully the strengths and weaknesses of each. Through the development of inter-sectoral working and multi-agency involvement at the local level there is now considerable scope to improve the quality of many of these datasets and to promote their use in the measurement and monitoring of community health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Saunders
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Daly ME, Vale C, Walker M, Littlefield A, George K, Alberti M, Mathers J. Acute fuel selection in response to high-sucrose and high-starch meals in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:1516-24. [PMID: 10837293 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable controversy over the inclusion of sucrose in the diets of people with diabetes, the acute metabolism of sucrose is not completely understood. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the metabolism of the monomeric constituents of sucrose after a high-sucrose meal. DESIGN Three test meals were consumed in a randomized, crossover design by 7 healthy male volunteers. Two of the meals were high in sucrose; one was supplemented with 200 mg uniformly labeled [13C]fructose and one was supplemented with 200 mg [13C]glucose. The other meal was high in starch, supplemented with 200 mg [13C]glucose. Fifty percent of energy was supplied as sucrose in the high-sucrose meals and as starch in the high-starch meal. Breath (13)CO(2) enrichment was measured at 15-min intervals and indirect calorimetry was performed for five 20-min sessions immediately before and during a 6-h postprandial period. RESULTS Carbohydrate oxidation rates rose much faster after the high-sucrose meals than after the high-starch meal. Breath (13)CO(2) enrichment rose faster and peaked earlier and at a higher value when [13C]fructose rather than [13C]glucose was given with the high-sucrose test meal. Values for breath (13)CO(2) enrichment from [13C]glucose after the high-starch meal were intermediate. CONCLUSIONS These results show that fructose is preferentially oxidized compared with glucose after a high-sucrose meal and that glucose is oxidized more slowly after a high-sucrose meal than after a high-starch meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Daly
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, the Department of Biological and Nutritional Sciences, the Human Diabetes and Metabolism Research Centre, and the Department of Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent recommendations for the reorganization of cancer services emphasize the importance of a 'minimal acceptable volume of work'. The influence of both hospital and surgical workload has been examined using a population-based series of patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS Nine hundred and twenty-seven patients with primary colorectal cancer diagnosed during the period 1 January to 30 June 1993 were identified from the North Western Regional Cancer Registry. Case notes were reviewed for information on patient age and sex, histological diagnosis, disease stage, degree of tumour differentiation, mode of admission, identity of operating surgeon, timing of operative procedure, and use of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was then constructed to examine, simultaneously, the effects of patient-, disease- and health service-related variables on survival. RESULTS Age, tumour stage and differentiation, and mode of admission were revealed as significant independent prognostic variables. After adjusting for these variables, neither operator grade (consultant versus junior), consultant workload nor hospital throughput were identified as independently influencing patient survival. CONCLUSION The results of this study do not support an association between volume of work and patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Parry
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Burn
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Burn J, Chapman PD, Mathers J, Bertario L, Bishop DT, Bülow S, Cummings J, Phillips R, Vasen H. The protocol for a European double-blind trial of aspirin and resistant starch in familial adenomatous polyposis: the CAPP study. Concerted Action Polyposis Prevention. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A:1385-6. [PMID: 7577057 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00185-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Burn
- CAPP Study Coordinating Centre, Dept Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
A metered blend of anaerobic-grade N
2
, CO
2
, and H
2
S gases was introduced into an illuminated, 800-ml liquid volume, continuously stirred tank reactor. The system, described as an anaerobic gas-to-liquid phase fed-batch reactor, was used to investigate the effects of H
2
S flow rate and light energy on the accumulation of oxidized sulfur compounds formed by the photoautotroph
Chlorobium limicola
forma
thiosulfatophilum
during growth. Elemental sulfur was formed and accumulated in stoichiometric quantities when light energy and H
2
S molar flow rate levels were optimally adjusted in the presence of nonlimiting CO
2
. Deviation from the optimal H
2
S and light energy levels resulted in either oxidation of sulfur or complete inhibition of sulfide oxidation. Based on these observations, a model of sulfide and sulfur oxidases electrochemically coupled to the photosynthetic reaction center of
Chlorobium
spp. is presented. The dynamic deregulation of oxidative pathways may be a mechanism for supplying the photosynthetic reaction center with a continuous source of electrons during periods of varying light and substrate availability, as in pond ecosystems where
Chlorobium
spp. are found. Possible applications for a sulfide gas removal process are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Cork
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60601
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mathers J. Data protection and patients' records. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.283.6298.1060-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
27
|
Abstract
When left pneumonectomy was performed on 9-week-old puppies, the right lung increased in weight, volume, surface area, and number of alveoli so that at age 20 weeks these variables were the same as those of both lungs of control animals and significantly larger than those of the right lung of control animals. The adaptive response of the right lung after pneumonectomy was greater in the lower lobe than in the middle or cardiac lobes. The number of alveoli per ml and the average interalveolar wall distance, hence the surface to volume ratio, was the same in both lungs of control animals and the same in the cardiac, middle, and lower lobes of their right lungs.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mathers J. ECT: balancing risks and benefits. Br Med J 1980; 280:941. [PMID: 7388383 PMCID: PMC1601046 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.280.6218.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
29
|
Mathers J. The concept of disease. West J Med 1979. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6198.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
30
|
Mathers J. Confidentiality of medical records. West J Med 1978. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6133.352-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
Administration of N2O, fluroxene and isoflurane to the left lower lobe (LLL) of dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital was previously shown to inhibit LLL hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Using the same experimental model, the present study examined the effect of whole-lung administration of N2O, fluroxene, isoflurane, halothane, and enflurane on left-lower-lobe HPV. Selective ventilation of the LLL with N2 alone caused blood flow to the lobe to decrease 53.3 +/- 3.0 per cent. Responses to LLL hypoxia were remeasured during administration of inhalation anesthetics at 1 and 2 MAC to both the LLL and the rest of the lung. Isoflurane and fluroxene progressively inhibited and at 2 MAC halved lobar HPV. N2O (one third MAC) caused slight but significant inhibition, while halothane and enflurane caused slight and nonsignificant changes in lobar HPV. These effects of whole-lung administration of anesthetics on HPV were almost identical to those obtained when the administration was confined to the test lobe alone. It is concluded that N2O, isoflurane, and fluroxene locally inhibit regional HPV and via this mechanism increase total venous admixture, while halothane and enflurane do not have this effect.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mathers J. Compulsory admission. Br Med J 1976; 2:1444. [PMID: 1009368 PMCID: PMC1690398 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6049.1444-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Mathers J. Sociological realities. West J Med 1976. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6015.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
35
|
Mathers J. Overseas Doctors in the U.K. West J Med 1975. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5961.38-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
36
|
Zinsser HH, Dreyfus JC, Doeneke A, Seneca H, Peer P, Wister C, Suri E, Mathers J, Nugent E. Drug efficacy. Comparative computer study in chronic urinary infections. N Y State J Med 1974; 74:2151-62. [PMID: 4530905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
37
|
Abstract
The object of this paper is to consider the proposition that some kinds of critical change in a person's life experience bring about a change in his sense of identity which is not subjectively recognized and acknowledged until between one and two years after the critical event or initiation of the critical change.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mathers J. Letter: Experts and child abuse. Br Med J 1974; 4:163. [PMID: 4419925 PMCID: PMC1612288 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5937.163-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
39
|
|
40
|
|
41
|
Mathers J. The Managerial Revolution. West J Med 1971. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5763.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|