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Abola RE, Schwartz J, Beg T, Gan TJ, Forrester J. In Response. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:e30-e31. [PMID: 34257213 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon E Abola
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York,
| | - Jonathon Schwartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York,
| | - Tazeen Beg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York,
| | - Tong J Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York,
| | - Joseph Forrester
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Firstenberg MS, Stahel PF, Hanna J, Kotaru C, Crossno J, Forrester J. Successful COVID-19 rescue therapy by extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure: a case report. Patient Saf Surg 2020; 14:20. [PMID: 32395179 PMCID: PMC7206578 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-020-00245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients suffering from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a rescue therapy for respiratory failure remains controversial and associated with high mortality rates of 50 to 82% in early reports from Wuhan, China. We hypothesized that patient outcomes would be improved at our tertiary cardiothoracic surgery referral center with a protocolized team-approach for ECMO treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old healthy female developed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) bilateral pneumonia while vacationing in Colorado with her family. She was transferred to our facility for a higher level of care. Her respiratory status continued to deteriorate despite maximized critical care, including prone positioning ventilation and nitric oxide inhalation therapy. Veno-venous ECMO was initiated on hospital day 7 in conjunction with a 10-day course of compassionate use antiviral treatment with remdesivir. The patient's condition improved significantly and she was decannulated from ECMO on hospital day 17 (ECMO day 11). She was successfully extubated and eventually discharged to rehabilitation on hospital day 28. CONCLUSION This case report demonstrates a positive outcome in a young patient with COVID-19 treated by the judicious application of ECMO in conjunction with compassionate use antiviral treatment (remdesivir). Future prospective multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Firstenberg
- The Medical Center of Aurora, 1501 South Potomac St, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Medical Center of Aurora, 1444 S. Potomac Street, Suite 200, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
| | - Philip F. Stahel
- The Medical Center of Aurora, 1501 South Potomac St, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80134 USA
| | - Jennifer Hanna
- The Medical Center of Aurora, 1501 South Potomac St, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
| | - Chakradhar Kotaru
- The Medical Center of Aurora, 1501 South Potomac St, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
| | - Joseph Crossno
- The Medical Center of Aurora, 1501 South Potomac St, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
| | - Joseph Forrester
- The Medical Center of Aurora, 1501 South Potomac St, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
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Firstenberg MS, Libby M, Ochs M, Hanna J, Mangino JE, Forrester J. Isolation protocol for a COVID-2019 patient requiring emergent surgical intervention: case presentation. Patient Saf Surg 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 32328170 PMCID: PMC7167216 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-020-00243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concerns of the highly contagious and morbid nature of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-2019) have prompted healthcare workers to implement strict droplet and contact isolation precautions. Unfortunately, some patients who may be or presumptively or confirmed as infected with COVID-2019 may also require emergent surgical procedures. As such, given the high-risk for exposure of many healthcare workers involved the complex requirements for appropriate isolation must be adhered to. Case presentation We present our experience with a 77-year-old who required emergency cardiac surgery for a presumed acute aortic syndrome in the setting of a presumed, and eventually confirmed, COVID-2019 infection. We outline the necessary steps to maintain strict isolation precautions to limit potential exposure to the surgical Team. Conclusions We hereby provide our algorithm for emergent surgical procedures in critically-ill patients with presumptive or confirmed infection with COVID-2019. The insights from this case report can potentially be templated to other facilities in order to uphold high standards of infection prevention and patient safety in surgery during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Firstenberg
- 1Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Medical Center of Aurora, 1444 S. Potomac Street, Suite 200, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
| | - Matthew Libby
- 1Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Medical Center of Aurora, 1444 S. Potomac Street, Suite 200, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
| | - Michael Ochs
- 1Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Medical Center of Aurora, 1444 S. Potomac Street, Suite 200, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
| | - Jennifer Hanna
- 1Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Medical Center of Aurora, 1444 S. Potomac Street, Suite 200, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
| | - Julie E Mangino
- 2The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Joseph Forrester
- 1Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Medical Center of Aurora, 1444 S. Potomac Street, Suite 200, Aurora, CO 80012 USA
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Rickard J, Beilman G, Forrester J, Sawyer R, Stephen A, Weiser TG, Valenzuela J. Surgical Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Global Assessment of the Burden and Management Needs. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2019; 21:478-494. [PMID: 31816263 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2019.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The burden of surgical infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains poorly defined compared with high-income countries. Although there are common infections necessitating surgery prevalent across the world, such as appendicitis and peptic ulcer disease, other conditions are more localized geographically. To date, comprehensive assessment of the burden of surgically treatable infections or sequelae of surgical infections in LMICs is lacking. Methods: We reviewed the literature to define the burden of surgical infections in LMICs and characterize the needs and challenges of addressing this issue. Results: Surgical infections comprise a broad range of diseases including intra-abdominal, skin and soft tissue, and healthcare-associated infections and other infectious processes. Treatment of surgical infections requires a functional surgical ecosystem, microbiology services, and appropriate and effective antimicrobial therapy. Systems must be developed and maintained to evaluate screening, prevention, and treatment strategies. Solutions and interventions are proposed focusing on reducing the burden of disease, improving surveillance, strengthening antibiotic stewardship, and enhancing the management of surgical infections. Conclusions: Surgical infections constitute a large burden of disease globally. Challenges to management in LMICs include a shortage of trained personnel and material resources. The increasing rate of antimicrobial drug resistance, likely related to antibiotic misuse, adds to the challenges. Development of surveillance, infection prevention, and antimicrobial stewardship programs are initial steps forward. Education is critical and should begin early in training, be an active process, and be sustained through regular programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rickard
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory Beilman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph Forrester
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robert Sawyer
- Department of Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Stephen
- Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Thomas G Weiser
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julie Valenzuela
- Department of Surgery, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
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Fish J, Forrester J. Developing awareness of confabulation through psychological formulation: A case report and first-person perspective. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2017; 28:277-292. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1397031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fish
- The Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust, Ely, UK
- Department of Psychology, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
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Mbanje C, Mazingi D, Forrester J, Mungazi SG. Peritoneal encapsulation syndrome: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 41:520-523. [PMID: 29546031 PMCID: PMC5723259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peritoneal encapsulation is an infrequently described congenital anomaly that results in formation of an accessory peritoneal membrane. The case presented below is unique in that it illustrates one of the rare complications of this condition. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this condition and its complications in order to limit potential morbidity and mortality. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report on an eleven-year-old boy without prior abdominal symptoms who presented with an acute abdomen after an episode of intense physical exertion. At laparotomy, gangrenous small bowel loops were identified extruding from an opening in a peritoneal sac consistent with peritoneal encapsulation syndrome. All gangrenous bowel (mostly ileum) was resected. The sac was excised and a primary jejunum to ascending colon anastomosis was created. The patient did well post operatively and was subsequently discharged. DISCUSSION Peritoneal encapsulation is an aberration of peritoneal development that is frequently confused with other visceral encapsulation syndromes of inflammatory origin. Due to its mostly asymptomatic course, its true incidence remains unknown. An appreciation of the condition and its potential complications allows surgeons to take appropriate action in the event of incidental discovery at laparoscopy or laparotomy. CONCLUSION Peritoneal encapsulation is a rare, mostly asymptomatic, surgical finding which may predispose patients to an acute abdominal crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenesa Mbanje
- MBChB, MMed (Surgery), College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Mazowe Street, P O Box A168, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Dennis Mazingi
- MBChB, MMed (Surgery), College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Mazowe Street, P O Box A168, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | | | - Simbarashe Gift Mungazi
- MBChB, MMed (Surgery), College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Mazowe Street, P O Box A168, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Shipper ES, Forrester J, Lau JN, Melcher ML. Evaluating the Impact of Blinded vs Non-Blinded Interviews on the General Surgery Resident Selection Process. J Am Coll Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.07.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lindblade KA, Kateh F, Nagbe TK, Neatherlin JC, Pillai SK, Attfield KR, Dweh E, Barradas DT, Williams SG, Blackley DJ, Kirking HL, Patel MR, Dea M, Massoudi MS, Wannemuehler K, Barskey AE, Zarecki SLM, Fomba M, Grube S, Belcher L, Broyles LN, Maxwell TN, Hagan JE, Yeoman K, Westercamp M, Forrester J, Mott J, Mahoney F, Slutsker L, DeCock KM, Nyenswah T. Decreased Ebola Transmission after Rapid Response to Outbreaks in Remote Areas, Liberia, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1800-7. [PMID: 26402477 PMCID: PMC4593457 DOI: 10.3201/eid2110.150912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured the reproduction number before and after interventions were implemented to reduce Ebola transmission in 9 outbreaks in Liberia during 2014. We evaluated risk factors for secondary cases and the association between patient admission to an Ebola treatment unit (ETU) and survival. The reproduction number declined 94% from 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.6) to 0.1 (95% CI 0.02-0.6) after interventions began. The risk for secondary infections was 90% lower for patients admitted to an ETU (risk ratio 0.1, 95% CI 0.04-0.3) than for those who died in the community. The case-fatality rate was 68% (95% CI 60-74), and ETU admission was associated with a 50% reduction in death (hazard ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.8). Isolation and treatment of Ebola patients had the dual benefit of interrupting community transmission and improving survival.
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Kateh F, Nagbe T, Kieta A, Barskey A, Gasasira AN, Driscoll A, Tucker A, Christie A, Karmo B, Scott C, Bowah C, Barradas D, Blackley D, Dweh E, Warren F, Mahoney F, Kassay G, Calvert GM, Castro G, Logan G, Appiah G, Kirking H, Koon H, Papowitz H, Walke H, Cole IB, Montgomery J, Neatherlin J, Tappero JW, Hagan JE, Forrester J, Woodring J, Mott J, Attfield K, DeCock K, Lindblade KA, Powell K, Yeoman K, Adams L, Broyles LN, Slutsker L, Larway L, Belcher L, Cooper L, Santos M, Westercamp M, Weinberg MP, Massoudi M, Dea M, Patel M, Hennessey M, Fomba M, Lubogo M, Maxwell N, Moonan P, Arzoaquoi S, Gee S, Zayzay S, Pillai S, Williams S, Zarecki SM, Yett S, James S, Grube S, Gupta S, Nelson T, Malibiche T, Frank W, Smith W, Nyenswah T. Rapid response to Ebola outbreaks in remote areas - Liberia, July-November 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64:188-92. [PMID: 25719682 PMCID: PMC5779593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
West Africa is experiencing its first epidemic of Ebola virus disease (Ebola). As of February 9, Liberia has reported 8,864 Ebola cases, of which 3,147 were laboratory-confirmed. Beginning in August 2014, the Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW), supported by CDC, the World Health Organization (WHO), and others, began systematically investigating and responding to Ebola outbreaks in remote areas. Because many of these areas lacked mobile telephone service, easy road access, and basic infrastructure, flexible and targeted interventions often were required. Development of a national strategy for the Rapid Isolation and Treatment of Ebola (RITE) began in early October. The strategy focuses on enhancing capacity of county health teams (CHT) to investigate outbreaks in remote areas and lead tailored responses through effective and efficient coordination of technical and operational assistance from the MOHSW central level and international partners. To measure improvements in response indicators and outcomes over time, data from investigations of 12 of 15 outbreaks in remote areas with illness onset dates of index cases during July 16-November 20, 2014, were analyzed. The times to initial outbreak alerts and durations of the outbreaks declined over that period while the proportions of patients who were isolated and treated increased. At the same time, the case-fatality rate in each outbreak declined. Implementation of strategies, such as RITE, to rapidly respond to rural outbreaks of Ebola through coordinated and tailored responses can successfully reduce transmission and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Kateh
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Thomas Nagbe
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Abraham Kieta
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben Karmo
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Collin Bowah
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Dweh
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | - Gabriel Kassay
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | - Gorbee Logan
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | - Hawa Koon
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | - Isaac B. Cole
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence Larway
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Lorraine Cooper
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Moses Fomba
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel Gee
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Samuel Zayzay
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | | | - Sheldon Yett
- United Nations Children’s Fund, New York City, New York
| | - Stephen James
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | - Thelma Nelson
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Wilmont Frank
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Wilmot Smith
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Tolbert Nyenswah
- Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Monrovia, Liberia
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Suaning GJ, Lavoie P, Forrester J, Armitage T, Lovell NH. Microelectronic retinal prosthesis: III. a new method for fabrication of high-density hermetic feedthroughs. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2006:1638-41. [PMID: 17946914 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.259634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic, electronic medical implants used in auditory, visual, functional, and behavioral neuroprosthesis often are required to maintain their function for the remaining lifetime of the implantee. This requirement presents a substantial engineering obstacle that has previously limited the practical upper quantity of electrodes, or other signal carrying channels such devices may possess. Hermetic encapsulation of any implanted electronics and the tendency of this encapsulation to leak is a well-known problem for biomedical engineers. Each "hardwired" signal required by, or elicited from, the implant must pass through the encapsulation without breaching hermeticity. The present paper describes a method of fabrication of hermetic feedthroughs (<2 x 10(-9) std cc He/s) comprising materials with superior biological compatibility characteristics and able to accommodate relatively high numbers of signal carrying channels relative to existing methods, while allowing this to occur within small areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Suaning
- Sch. of Eng., Newcastle Univ., Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Kisi E, Forrester J. Crystal structure, phase transitions and negative thermal expansion in the relaxor ferroelectric PZN. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305083091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Forrester J, Kisi E. Temperature-composition phase diagram of PZN-PT studied by high resolution neutron powder diffraction. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305083078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Williams R, Airey M, Baxter H, Forrester J, Kennedy-Martin T, Girach A. Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema: a systematic review. Eye (Lond) 2004; 18:963-83. [PMID: 15232600 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To systematically review the literature on the prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular oedema (MO). METHODS A search of the bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL) was conducted up to October 2001. Selected relevant studies were scrutinized and included in the review. RESULTS A total of 359 studies were included. The studies were reported in nearly 100 different journals and in over 50 countries. The majority of the studies were US-based, with large studies such as the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy dominating the literature. The studies were quite dated and highly heterogeneous in nature in terms of patient selection with variable inclusion criteria (age range, gender, diabetes duration and type, ethnicity, comorbidity, and DR status, assessment, and classification). CONCLUSIONS There are inconsistencies between epidemiological studies, and differences in study methods may contribute to conflicting reports of prevalence and incidence of DR and MO in diabetic populations. As new therapies for DR and its associated complications emerge, the need to capture and monitor new epidemiological data becomes increasingly important to be able to assess the impact and effectiveness of these therapies. Robust, longitudinal capture of patient data is, therefore, essential to evaluate the impact of current practice on the epidemiology of diabetic eye complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Williams
- The Clinical School, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK.
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Forrester J. Who put the George in George Eliot? Rep Proc Scott Soc Hist Med 2001:29-34. [PMID: 11618397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
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Tjarks W, Barth RF, Rotaru JH, Adams DM, Yang W, Kultyshev RG, Forrester J, Barnum BA, Soloway AH, Shore SG. In vivo evaluation of phosphorous-containing derivatives of dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate for boron neutron capture therapy of gliomas and sarcomas. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:841-6. [PMID: 11396173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo uptake of dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate derivatives substituted with phosphate- and bisphosphonate groups was evaluated in two different experimental tumor model systems and compared to other boronated and non-boronated compounds. These phosphorous-containing boron clusters may have potential for use in boron neutron capture therapy, a chemoradiotherapeutic form of cancer treatment. Using the F98 rat glioma as a brain tumor model in syngeneic Fischer rats, there was selective tumor uptake of the phosphate derivative with 21.5 micrograms boron/g tumor versus 5.2 micrograms/g normal brain and a tumor:blood ratio of 2.7. However, this compound was toxic to test animals and lethal at relatively low doses. The uptake of the bisphosphonate by the murine K8 osteosarcoma was approximately 18 micrograms boron/g tumor with a T:Bl ratio of 7.6 and a tumor:bone ratio of 1.5. This compound was non toxic to the test animals. The results indicate that phosphate- and bisphosphonate derivatives of dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate may have potential for BNCT of gliomas and osteosarcomas, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tjarks
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Shechter M, Sharir M, Labrador MJ, Forrester J, Merz CN. Improvement in endothelium-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <100 mg/dl. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86:1256-9, A6. [PMID: 11090803 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the current National Cholesterol Education Program cholesterol recommendations are consistent with beneficial endothelium-dependent vasodilation, we prospectively assessed endothelium-dependent brachial artery vasoreactivity in 50 patients with stable coronary artery disease. Our results showed that endothelial-dependent vasoreactivity was greater when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was <100 mg/dl, suggesting that it may be beneficial to reach the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II target of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of <100 mg/dl.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shechter
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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Shechter M, Sharir M, Labrador MJ, Forrester J, Silver B, Bairey Merz CN. Oral magnesium therapy improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000; 102:2353-8. [PMID: 11067788 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.102.19.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium blocks many of the physiological actions of calcium. Nevertheless, the impact of magnesium supplementation on endothelial function and exercise tolerance in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients has not been assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 stable CAD patients (41 men and 9 women, mean+/-SD age 67+/-11 years, age range 42 to 82 years) were randomized to receive either magnesium (n=25) (30 mmol/d Magnosolv-Granulat; Asta Medica Company, Inc) or placebo (n=25) for 6 months. Before and after 6 months, endothelium-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent NTG-mediated vasodilation were assessed with high-resolution (10-MHz) ultrasound. Exercise stress testing was performed with use of the Bruce protocol. Intracellular magnesium concentrations ([Mg(2+)](i)) were assessed from sublingual cells through x-ray dispersion (EXA) (normal mean+/-SD values 37. 9+/-4.0 mEq/L). The magnesium therapy significantly increased postintervention ([Mg(2+)](i) versus placebo (36.2+/-5.0 versus 32.7+/-2.7 mEq/L, P<0.02). There was a significant correlation in the total population between baseline [Mg(2+)](i) and baseline FMD (r=0. 48, P<0.01). The magnesium intervention resulted in a significant improvement in postintervention FMD (15.5+/-12.0%, P=0.02 compared with baseline), which was not evident with placebo (4.4+/-2.5%, P=0.78 compared with baseline). There was better exercise tolerance (9.3+/-2.0 versus 7.3+/-3.1 minutes, P=0.05) and less ischemic ST-segment changes (4 versus 10 patients, P=0.05) in the magnesium versus placebo groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Oral magnesium therapy in CAD patients is associated with significant improvement in brachial artery endothelial function and exercise tolerance, suggesting a potential mechanism by which magnesium could beneficially alter outcomes in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shechter
- Preventive & Rehabilitative Cardiac Center and the Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Burns and Allen Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Wanke CA, Silva M, Knox TA, Forrester J, Speigelman D, Gorbach SL. Weight loss and wasting remain common complications in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:803-5. [PMID: 11017833 DOI: 10.1086/314027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated that the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) would reduce the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated weight loss and wasting. To test this assumption, we evaluated, by means of longitudinal analysis, a prospective cohort of 469 HIV-infected individuals enrolled in a study of the impact of HIV on nutrition. Overall, 156 individuals in the cohort (33.5%) met at least 1 of these definitions of wasting. Furthermore, 58% of the cohort (289 patients) lost >1.5 kg of weight in a 6-month period between any 2 study visits. More than 50% of the cohort was receiving HAART at the time that they met 1 of the definitions of wasting; with regard to the occurrence of wasting; no differences were related to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Wanke
- Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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22
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McCluskey P, Forrester J, Lightman S. Uniocular macular oedema and reduced vision in a patient with uveitis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2000; 28:9-12. [PMID: 11345355 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2000.00267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P McCluskey
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Abstract
The authors make available in this paper the text of a previously unpublished letter by Freud, probably addressed to the founder of British ecology and his former patient, Sir Arthur Tansley, F.R.S., dating from 1932, concerning the treatment and later life of 'Anna O.', the first psychoanalytic patient. They give the full text of Freud's letter as discovered, and offer a brief commentary on its significance as evidence of Freud's view or views of Anna O.'s treatment, case-history and later life. The authors compare the view of Anna O.'s treatment and later life with other sources, in particular Freud's roughly contemporaneous letter to Stefan Zweig. The letter's principal novel formulation is to be found in the phrase 'a cure with a defect', with which Freud characterised Anna O.'s experience of her treatment with Breuer.
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Alaupovic P, Fesmire JD, Hunnighake D, Domanski M, Forman S, Knatterud GL, Forrester J, Herd JA, Hoogwerf B, Campeau L, Gobel FL. The effect of aggressive and moderate lowering of LDL-cholesterol and low dose anticoagulation on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein families in post coronary artery bypass graft trial. Atherosclerosis 1999; 146:369-79. [PMID: 10532693 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The reported results (The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial Investigators. The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts. New Engl J Med 1997;336:153-162) of the Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Post CABG) trial have shown that aggressive lowering was more effective than moderate lowering of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in reducing the progression of atherosclerosis in saphenous-vein grafts (27 vs. 39%; P < 0.001); low dose warfarin had no effect on the progression of atherosclerosis. The present report describes the effect of long-term (an average of 4.3 years) aggressive treatment with high (40-80 mg/day) and moderate treatment with low (2.5-5 mg/day) doses of lovastatin on lipids, apolipoproteins (apo) and apoA- and apoB-containing lipoprotein families. To achieve the target LDL-cholesterol levels (60-85 mg/dl for aggressive group and 134-140 mg/dl for moderate group), cholestyramine (8 g/day) was given to 25% of subjects on aggressive and 5% of subjects on moderate treatment. Although with both treatment strategies there were significant decreases (P<0.001) in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apoB, LDL-apoB and cholesterol-rich Lp-B family, percent changes in the levels of these variables were greater in the aggressive- than in the moderate-treatment groups. These treatments had only marginal effects in increasing the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoA-I and Lp-A-I and Lp-A-I:A-II families. The long-term aggressive treatment exerted no effect on the concentrations of triglycerides, apoC-IlI, apoC-III in VLDL + LDL and triglyceride-rich Lp-Bc families. Neither treatment affected the levels of Lp(a). The potentially modifying influence of warfarin and apoE phenotypes on lovastatin-induced changes in lipoprotein variables was found to be of little significance. It is likely that the beneficial effect of lovastatin in reducing the progression of atherosclerosis in grafts is mediated through its specific lowering effect on cholesterol-rich Lp-B particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alaupovic
- Lipid and Lipoprotein Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
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25
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the usefulness of a molecular diagnostic protocol for the autosomal dominant disease facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). BACKGROUND The genetic defect underlying the majority of cases is a deletion on chromosome 4q35 that is not associated with the coding sequence of any known gene. Molecular diagnosis of FSHD involves the visualization of this deletion as a "small" EcoRI restriction fragment. However, molecular diagnostics are complicated because of the homology of the telomeric regions of chromosomes 4q and 10q; the homologous 10q26 EcoRI fragments are also detected, and can fall into the size range considered to be diagnostic for FSHD. It is therefore important to distinguish the 4q35 and 10q26 EcoRI fragments, taking advantage of the presence of additional restriction sites (BlnI) in the alleles of chromosome 10q origin. METHODS Paired digests of genomic DNA (EcoRI only and EcoRI/BlnI double digest), followed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), were used to establish the molecular diagnosis of FSHD in 82 unrelated index cases (46 familial, 24 proven sporadic with de novo mutations, and 12 with uncertain family history). RESULTS In all cases fulfilling FSHD diagnostic criteria, a 4q35 EcoRI allele size of < or = 38 kb was present. The smallest 4q35 EcoRI allele in 205 normal control subjects was 41 kb. EcoRI alleles < or = 38 kb of chromosome 10q26 origin were present in 11.2% of this control group. In problematic cases, it was possible to resolve the diagnostic question. CONCLUSIONS The combination of double digestion with EcoRI and BlnI followed by PFGE is the most reliable molecular protocol for distinguishing patients with FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Orrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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26
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Frimerman A, Welch PJ, Jin X, Eigler N, Yei S, Forrester J, Honda H, Makkar R, Barber J, Litvack F. Chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozyme to proliferating cell nuclear antigen reduces stent-induced stenosis in a porcine coronary model. Circulation 1999; 99:697-703. [PMID: 9950669 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.5.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stent-induced coronary restenosis is a major clinical and public health problem. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an important regulator of cell division, and blocking of its expression after angioplasty may limit intimal proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS We cloned the porcine PCNA gene and constructed a chimeric hammerhead ribozyme to a segment of the gene with human homology. In vitro studies with both cultured porcine and human vascular smooth muscle cells demonstrated uptake of ribozyme within the nucleus and significant inhibition of cellular proliferation. The ribozyme was then delivered locally into pig coronaries in a stent model. At 30 days, histomorphometric analysis showed neointimal thickness of 0.51+/-0.20 mm in the ribozyme group versus 0.71+/-0.27 and 0.66+/-0.25 mm in stent controls and scrambled ribozyme control, respectively (P=0.002, P=0.03). Quantitative angiographic analysis showed late loss of 1.4+/-0.5 mm for ribozyme versus 1.9+/-0.4 and 2.0+/-0.4 mm for the controls (P=0.05 and P=0. 02). CONCLUSIONS Chimeric hammerhead ribozyme to PCNA inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and reduces both histomorphometric and angiographic restenosis in the porcine coronary stent model when delivered locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frimerman
- Cardiovascular Intervention Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Cameron L, Forrester J. A nice type of the English scientist" Tansley and Freud. Hist Workshop J 1999:65-100. [PMID: 11624019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Entwistle
- NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York.
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29
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Campeau L, Knatterud G, Hunninghake D, Domanski M, White C, Canner J, Forrester J, Geller N, Gobel F, Herd J, Hoogwerf B, Rosenberg Y. Associated risk factors do not prevent the beneficial effect of aggressive cholesterol lowering: post CABG trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)81032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Tawil R, Forrester J, Griggs RC, Mendell J, Kissel J, McDermott M, King W, Weiffenbach B, Figlewicz D. Evidence for anticipation and association of deletion size with severity in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. The FSH-DY Group. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:744-8. [PMID: 8651646 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410390610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterized by marked inter- and intrafamilial heterogeneity in its clinical expression. The contribution of genetic factors to this variability is not well characterized. We examined the relationship of phenotype to genotype in a clinically and genetically well-defined FSHD population. Quantitative isometric myometry (QMT) scores, normalized for age, gender, and height, were used to quantify disease severity. We found a significant (r = 0.92, p < 0.004) correlation between disease severity and the size of the 4q35-associated deletion. In addition, when relative disease severity of parent-offspring pairs was compared, the offspring were found to be significantly more severely affected (p = 0.011). This generational effect suggests the presence of anticipation in FSHD and raises the possibility of an underlying dynamic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tawil
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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32
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Calara F, Ameli S, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A, Cercek B, Kupfer J, Hedin U, Forrester J, Shah PK, Nilsson J. Autocrine induction of DNA synthesis by mechanical injury of cultured smooth muscle cells. Potential role of FGF and PDGF. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16:187-93. [PMID: 8620331 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.16.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether replication of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in response to mechanical injury would occur in the absence of serum and other cells, we created an in vitro model in which confluent, growth-arrested cultures of rat SMCs were injured by gentle pressure of a soft plastic tube and then kept in serum-free medium for up to 4 days. Replication of SMCs in and around the injury, as measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation, was noted within 24 hours and peaked at 48 hours after injury, whereas noninjured cells remained quiescent. An increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A mRNA, noted 6 hours after injury, was followed by an increased PDGF AA immunoreactivity in SMCs in and around the zone of injury at 24 and 48 hours after injury. A PDGF A chain antisense oligonucleotide inhibited 87.0 +/- 4.0% (P < .005) of SMC replication in the injury zone, whereas the corresponding sense oligonucleotide reduced SMC replication by only 37.2%. An antibody to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) almost completely inhibited SMC replication in the injured zone, whereas an antibody to PDGF AA was without effect. Incubation of SMCs with FGF increased PDGF A mRNA levels in SMCs, and 5 mumol/L PDGF A antisense oligonucleotides reduced FGF-induced SMC replication by 62%. Taken together, these results demonstrate that injured rat SMCs in culture release FGF that activates DNA synthesis of neighboring SMCs both by a direct mechanism and by stimulating the production of PDGF AA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hormones/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Probes/genetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Stress, Mechanical
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/metabolism
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calara
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif, USA
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33
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Zhao M, Agius-Fernandez A, Forrester J, McCaig C. P 139 Serum dramatically enhances orientation and migration of cultured bovine corneal epithelial cells in an applied electric field (EF). Vision Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(95)90455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Kang YH, Lee CH, Brummel SE, Newball HH, Forrester J. Effects of endotoxin on expression of VLA integrins by human bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 1995; 57:624-34. [PMID: 7722420 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.57.4.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is known to induce inflammatory responses, such as monocyte/macrophage adherence, migration, and accumulation. Recruitment and accumulation of macrophages during infection and inflammation are regulated by integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix interactions. In the present report, we studied the effects of LPS on the expression of VLA-5 (alpha 5 beta 1), VLA-3 (alpha 3 beta 1), and VLA-2 (alpha 2 beta 1) integrins and fibronectin (FN) by human alveolar macrophages in an attempt to understand the mechanism by which LPS regulates macrophage adhesion to matrix proteins. Bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages were treated with varying concentrations of Escherichia coli LPS for different times and evaluated for expression of the integrins and FN by immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, autoradiography, and radioimmunoassay. Immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopic observations showed that VLA integrins were constitutively expressed on the cell surface and concentrated on the microvilli and pseudopodia of the macrophages. The effects of LPS on expression of the integrins were dose and time related. VLA-5 expression was increased after 30 min of stimulation by LPS, suggesting that LPS may induce rapid secretion of the integrin. However, incubations with LPS longer than 30 min decreased VLA-5 expression in a dose-dependent pattern. LPS also caused dose-related decreases in the expression of VLA-3 and VLA-2 integrins and increases of intracellular FN 24 h after stimulation. The results suggest that a prolonged exposure to LPS may impede VLA integrin-mediated migration and result in local accumulation of macrophages in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kang
- Septic Shock Research Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5607, USA
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36
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Dev V, Eigler N, Sheth S, Lambert T, Forrester J, Litvack F. Kinetics of drug delivery to the arterial wall via polyurethane-coated removable nitinol stent: comparative study of two drugs. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1995; 34:272-8. [PMID: 7497499 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1810340124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-coated removable stents were used to deliver 14C-labeled etretinate and 3H-labeled forskolin to the vessel wall in 31 New Zealand White rabbits to study their kinetics. Stents loaded with etretinate (n = 8) and forskolin (n = 14) were implanted in the rabbit carotid arteries, and the animals were euthanized at different time intervals. Drug levels were measured in the media and adventitia of the stented segment, in distant tissues, and in blood. In four rabbits, forskolin-loaded stents were percutaneously retrieved 2 hr after implantation in the carotid artery, and the tissue and blood levels were determined 2 and 24 hr after retrieval. In seven rabbits etretinate-loaded stents were retrieved 72 hr after implantation in abdominal aorta, and drug levels were measured in the tissues and blood immediately after and at 1 and 4 days after retrieval. Levels of etretinate in the vessel wall peaked at 24 hr (250 ng/mg) and remained high up to 72 hr (185 ng/mg) after stent placement. Levels of forskolin peaked within 2 hr of stent placement (135 ng/mg) and rapidly declined to 4.9 ng/mg at 24 hr with the stent in situ. About 50% (1.4 mg) of the original etretinate remained in the stent at 72 hr compared to about 5% (0.08 mg) of forskolin at 24 hr. Ratio of peak drug levels in the vessel wall to those in the blood was 6,000 for etretinate and 780 for forskolin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dev
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
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37
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Griggs RC, Tawil R, McDermott M, Forrester J, Figlewicz D, Weiffenbach B. Monozygotic twins with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD): implications for genotype/phenotype correlation. Muscle Nerve Suppl 1995:S50-S55. [PMID: 23573587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal-dominant disorder with a characteristic and distinctive distribution of weakness but a high degree of variation in the age of onset and rate of progression. Monozygotic twins provide the opportunity to assess the relative importance of genetic as opposed to nongenetic influences on the course of disease. We have studied three sets of monozygotic twins with FSHD and compared the similarity of their degree of involvement using quantitative studies of individual muscle function. Similar quantitative studies of 59 other subjects with FSHD served as a reference population for contrast with the twin studies. One set of twins was discordant for FSHD, presumably as a reflection of a postzygotic mutation in the affected twin. The other two sets were concordant and both had evidence of autosomal dominantly inherited gene rearrangements. Both sets were similarly affected in terms of age of onset, overall degree of disability, and quantitative tests of muscle, but there were major differences in the symmetry of involvement of specific muscles. Cerebral dominance was not related to asymmetries of involvement. These data suggest age of onset and severity are determined by the gene lesion in FSHD. Other factors may influence the frequently encountered asymmetries in FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Griggs
- Department of Neurology, Wayne C. Gorell Molecular Biology Laboratory of the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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39
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Forrester J. A triumph of identity politics. Med Hist 1995; 39:97-100. [PMID: 7877407 PMCID: PMC1036941 DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300059512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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40
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Kupfer JM, Ruan XM, Liu G, Matloff J, Forrester J, Chaux A. High-efficiency gene transfer to autologous rabbit jugular vein grafts using adenovirus-transferrin/polylysine-DNA complexes. Hum Gene Ther 1994; 5:1437-43. [PMID: 7711136 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1994.5.12-1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the first year, 15-20% of coronary artery saphenous bypass vein grafts (SVGs) occlude because of thrombosis or progressive intimal hyperplasia. One potential new strategy to reduce this complication would be to introduce antithrombotic or antiproliferative genes in vein grafts before implantation. The success of this approach requires an efficient DNA delivery system. In the present study we tested the feasibility of using adenovirus-transferrin/polylysine-DNA complexes (TfAdpl/DNA) to achieve high-efficiency gene transfer into vascular interposition vein grafts. All studies used the Escherichia coli LacZ (beta-galactosidase [beta-Gal]) reporter gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) earlier promoter and enhancer (pCMV/LacZ). Autologous rabbit jugular vein segments were incubated ex vivo for 60 min in a solution of TfAdpl/DNA complexes (1.2 x 10(10) biotinylated adenovirus particles, 2,430 ng of streptavindylated polylysine. 10 micrograms of plasmid DNA, and 9 micrograms of transferrin-polylysine per ml), and then reimplanted across the ligated right carotid artery. Control veins were incubated in TfAdpl solution in which DNA was omitted. A total of six grafts were treated with TfAdpl/DNA, and two grafts were treated with TfAdpl. Veins were harvested 3 (n = 3) and 7 (n = 3) days later and beta-Gal activity was determined by X-Gal chromogen staining. All six TfAdpl/DNA-treated grafts stained intensely blue, whereas control grafts were negative. Microscopic examination of serial sections revealed intracellular blue granules consistent with beta-Gal activity to be present in all of the endothelial cells and in numerous medial and advential cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kupfer
- Division of Cardiology and CardioThoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center/UCLA School of Medicine 90048
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41
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Forrester J. The origin of the Society's motto. J R Soc Med 1994; 87:721. [PMID: 20894944 PMCID: PMC1294963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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42
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Abstract
It is well known that polyarticular joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, HLA-B27-associated arthritis and Borreliosis can be associated with eye diseases, such as uveitis, scleritis and keratitis. However, the mechanisms underlying the involvement of these tissues remain unclear. A recent meeting examined the immunoregulation of the eye and the joint in an attempt to determine their similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zierhut
- Dept of Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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43
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Abstract
One-trial conditioning of Hermissenda produces short- and long-term enhancement of generator potentials in identified type B-photoreceptors. The induction of short-term enhancement is blocked by kinase inhibitors and down-regulation of protein kinase C. We now report that established short- and long-term enhancement produced by one-trial conditioning is not reversed by the kinase inhibitors H-7 or sphingosine. These results indicate that persistent protein kinase C activity is not required in the maintenance or expression of enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crow
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77225
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44
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Abstract
Retinal exudates are a common manifestation of vascular damage in a variety of retinal diseases. We have used computerized image analysis to detect and measure the area of exudates from digitized colour fundus slides of patients with diabetic retinopathy and have assessed the repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy of the technique. The analysis was entirely independent of the operator apart from choice of the region to be analysed. The coefficient of variation for repeatability was between 3% for large areas of exudate and 17% for small areas of exudate. The reproducibility was also within this range. Sensitivity was between 61 and 100% (mean 87%). False-positives were observed in 5 of 30 regions analysed, and these could have been eliminated by using more stringent criteria for selection of images for analysis. Time taken for the analysis was approximately 3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Phillips
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
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Crow T, Forrester J. Down-regulation of protein kinase C and kinase inhibitors dissociate short- and long-term enhancement produced by one-trial conditioning of Hermissenda. J Neurophysiol 1993; 69:636-41. [PMID: 8459291 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1993.69.2.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The visual system of Hermissenda has been studied extensively as a site of cellular plasticity produced by classical conditioning. Previous research has shown that one-trial conditioning, consisting of light paired with serotonin (5-HT) results in short- and long-term enhancement of light-elicited generator potentials in identified type B-photoreceptors. Recent evidence suggests that 5-HT exerts its effects on the induction of short-term enhancement by activation of protein kinase C (PKC), a Ca(2+)-activated and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. However, the contribution of protein kinases in general, and specifically PKC in long-term enhancement has not been established. 2. The protein kinase inhibitors H-7 and sphingosine blocked the induction of short-term enhancement when applied before one-trial conditioning. However, the conditions that are sufficient to block the induction of short-term enhancement do not block long-term enhancement. Sphingosine and H-7 do not block the induction and expression of long-term enhancement when applied before one-trial conditioning. 3. Pretreatment before conditioning with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which leads to down-regulation of PKC, also did not block long-term enhancement. Down-regulation by itself did not produce enhancement, although the transient peak of light-elicited generator potentials was reduced by pretreatment with TPA. 4. The results suggest that the induction of short- and long-term enhancement involve parallel processes, and thus the expression of long-term cellular plasticity produced by one-trial conditioning does not depend on the induction or expression of short-term enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crow
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77225
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Abe J, Forrester J, Nakahara T, Kotzin BL, Leung DYM. The potential role of superantigens in Kawasaki disease(KD). Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s1058-9813(06)80081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shafiee A, McIntosh L, Forrester J. Purification and characterisation of an endothelial cell migration factor in the serum of diabetic patients with retinal neovascularisation. Exp Eye Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(92)91078-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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McIntosh L, Watt A, Forrester J. Partial characterisation of a retinal inhibitor (RIF) of endothelial cell growth. Exp Eye Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(92)91079-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J Forrester
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048-1869
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Abe J, Forrester J, Nakahara T, Lafferty JA, Kotzin BL, Leung DY. Selective stimulation of human T cells with streptococcal erythrogenic toxins A and B. The Journal of Immunology 1991. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.146.11.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Streptococcal exotoxins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever. Previous studies have demonstrated that these toxins are potent stimulators of human T cells and have structural homology to staphylococcal enterotoxins. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism by which streptococcal erythrogenic toxins type A (SPEA) and B (SPEB) activate T cells and compared it with anti-CD3 and the known "superantigen" staphylococcal enterotoxin B. SPEA was found to selectively activate T cells bearing V beta 8, V beta 12, and V beta 14, whereas SPEB selectively activated T cells bearing V beta 2 and V beta 8. Furthermore, fibroblasts transfected with MHC class II molecules were capable of presenting SPEA and SPEB to purified T cells. The T cell response to these toxins, however, was not MHC-restricted. Although the streptococcal exotoxins stimulated both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, SPEA but not SPEB stimulated the CD4+ T cell subset proportionately more than the CD8+ T cell subset. Our results indicate that SPEA and SPEB, like the staphylococcal enterotoxins, are superantigens and suggest a mechanism by which they may mediate particular systemic syndromes associated with streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicines, Denver, CO 80206
| | - J Forrester
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicines, Denver, CO 80206
| | - T Nakahara
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicines, Denver, CO 80206
| | - J A Lafferty
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicines, Denver, CO 80206
| | - B L Kotzin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicines, Denver, CO 80206
| | - D Y Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicines, Denver, CO 80206
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