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Nieder C, Rapson J, Holland K, Meyer C, Montgomery J, Radford C. Operant conditioning as a tool to assess hearing abilities in sharks. J Fish Biol 2023. [PMID: 37204109 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sharks (elasmobranchs) are an ancient, diverse group of fishes, representing a basal stage in the evolution of vertebrate hearing. Yet, our understanding of behavioural measures of hearing abilities in sharks is limited. To address this, an operant conditioning paradigm was designed, and scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and rig (spotted estuary smooth hound) Mustelus lenticulatus were successfully trained to respond to pure tone acoustic stimuli from an underwater speaker. After 2-3 weeks of training, both species showed distinctive responses to these acoustic stimuli and retained this behaviour when reinforced. Sphyrna lewini responded to a 400 Hz pulsed-tone with an abrupt increase in tailbeat frequency (97 beats per 30 s, versus 69 beats for a 2 kHz-control and 70 beats for no signal) and sustained vigorous swimming (arousal response) for at least 30 s. In response to a 200 Hz pulsed-tone, M. lenticulatus visited a target area under the speaker significantly more frequently (13.4 ± 4.3 times per minute, versus 1.4 ± 1.5 times for a 1.2 kHz control, and 0.9 ± 0.01 times for no signal), and swam circles under the speaker to search for food. We used S. lewini arousal responses to pure-tone stimuli of 40, 80, 200, 400, 600, and 800 Hz to generate a provisional hearing-threshold curve. Our results show that S. lewini is adapted to low frequency hearing (greatest sensitivity at 200 Hz, upper limit 800 Hz), which is like other coastal pelagic sharks that have been investigated so far. Despite challenges operant acoustic conditioning studies are a viable method for revealing auditory capabilities of sharks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Nieder
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh Marine Research Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jimmy Rapson
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh Marine Research Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kim Holland
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, United States
| | - Carl Meyer
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh Marine Research Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Craig Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh Marine Research Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand
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Pérez G, Dupaix A, Dagorn L, Deneubourg JL, Holland K, Beeharry S, Capello M. Correlated Random Walk of tuna in arrays of Fish Aggregating Devices: A field-based model from passive acoustic tagging. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Anderson JM, Rex PT, Maloney K, Johnston M, Verbeck D, Allen N, Holland K. Observations of a species-record deep dive by a central Pacific female scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini). J Fish Biol 2022; 101:323-327. [PMID: 35607969 PMCID: PMC9545296 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A female scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) conducted a species record deep dive to 1240 m in coastal-pelagic waters off Hawaii Island. This extends the deepest known depth range of the species by over 200 m (650 ft) and highlights the question of the extent to which deep-diving activity is mediated by physiological constraints, such as temperature and oxygen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Anderson
- Department of BiologyCalifornia State University Long BeachLong BeachCaliforniaUSA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine BiologyKaneoheHawaiiUSA
| | - Patrick T. Rex
- Department of BiologyCalifornia State University Long BeachLong BeachCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Neil Allen
- Point Defiance Zoo and AquariumTacomaWashingtonUSA
| | - Kim Holland
- Hawaii Institute of Marine BiologyKaneoheHawaiiUSA
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Yordanov S, Garnett MR, Santarius T, Holland K, Jalloh I, Jawad Naushahi M. An audit of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in a regional paediatric neurosurgical centre assessing the accuracy and feasibility of the ETV success score. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:1453-1458. [PMID: 35212798 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic third ventriculostomy success score (ETVss) is widely utilised to predict outcomes for ETV. Accurate prediction of success for a procedure is of vital importance both for selecting the optimal management plan and for obtaining informed consent. Existing literature demonstrates a variety of opinions on the accuracy of the currently utilised ETVss and recommends a range of techniques to reduce the number of subsequent ventriculo-peritoneal (VP)-shunt insertions, prompting the present study. METHODS We retrospectively analysed data for ETV cases since 2007 to review success rate in our regional paediatric neurosurgical centre and if the currently utilised ETVss successfully predicted outcomes. Failed ETV cases were defined as any patient who received a VP-shunt at any time following ETV. Data was analysed with MS ExcelR and RStudioR. RESULTS 44 ETVs were performed over 13 years with approximately equal distribution between male and female patients; median age 7 years (IQR 4-13 years). Overall, mean ETVss for these 44 procedures was 78%; actual success rate was 70% with no statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.286; Welch two sample t-test). Accuracy of ETVss varied with pathology: tectal gliomas (mean ETVss 75% and actual success 78%); cerebellar tumours (mean ETVss 85% and actual success 81%); other tumours (mean ETVss 75% and actual success 81%); aqueduct stenosis (mean ETVss 71% and actual success 69%); and other pathologies (mean ETVss 70% and actual success 60%). < 1 month and 1-6 months and 1-10 years and > 10 years contributed equally to the accuracy of ETVss. CONCLUSION Non-telencephalon tumours and obstruction at the level of the mid-brain are most strongly associated with successful ETV outcome. These findings can be used to modify the currently utilised ETVss to further improve accuracy of outcome prediction. We recommend a modified-ETVss (m-ETVss) and a future larger adequately powered prospective study to validate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Yordanov
- Academic Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - M R Garnett
- Academic Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Santarius
- Academic Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Holland
- Academic Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Jalloh
- Academic Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Jawad Naushahi
- Academic Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Sequeira AMM, O'Toole M, Keates TR, McDonnell LH, Braun CD, Hoenner X, Jaine FRA, Jonsen ID, Newman P, Pye J, Bograd SJ, Hays GC, Hazen EL, Holland M, Tsontos VM, Blight C, Cagnacci F, Davidson SC, Dettki H, Duarte CM, Dunn DC, Eguíluz VM, Fedak M, Gleiss AC, Hammerschlag N, Hindell MA, Holland K, Janekovic I, McKinzie MK, Muelbert MMC, Pattiaratchi C, Rutz C, Sims DW, Simmons SE, Townsend B, Whoriskey F, Woodward B, Costa DP, Heupel MR, McMahon CR, Harcourt R, Weise M. A standardisation framework for bio‐logging data to advance ecological research and conservation. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pérez G, Dagorn L, Deneubourg JL, Forget F, Filmalter JD, Holland K, Itano D, Adam S, Jauharee R, Beeharry SP, Capello M. Effects of habitat modifications on the movement behavior of animals: the case study of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and tropical tunas. Mov Ecol 2020; 8:47. [PMID: 33292617 PMCID: PMC7654007 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregation sites represent important sources of environmental heterogeneity and can modify the movement behavior of animals. When these sites are artificially established through anthropogenic actions, the consequent alterations to animal movements may impact their ecology with potential implications for their fitness. Floating objects represent important sources of habitat heterogeneity for tropical tunas, beneath which these species naturally aggregate in large numbers. Man-made floating objects, called Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD), are used by fishers on a massive scale to facilitate fishing operations. In addition to the direct impacts that fishing with FADs has on tuna populations, assessing the effects of increasing the numbers of FADs on the ecology of tuna is key for generating sound management and conservation measures. METHODS This study investigates the effects of increasing numbers of FADs (aggregation sites) on the movements of tunas, through the comparison of electronic tagging data recorded from 146 individuals tunas (yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, and skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis) tagged in three instrumented anchored FAD arrays (Mauritius, Oahu-Hawaii and Maldives), that differed according to their distances among neighboring FADs. The effect of increasing inter-FAD distances is studied considering a set of indices (residence times at FADs and absence (travel) times between two visits at FADs) and their trends. RESULTS When inter-FAD distances decrease, tuna visit more FADs (higher connectivity between FADs), spend less time travelling between FADs and more time associated with them. The trends observed for the absence (travel) times appear to be compatible with a random-search component in the movement behaviour of tunas. Conversely, FAD residence times showed opposite trends, which could be a result of social behavior and/or prey availability. CONCLUSION Our results provide the first evidence of changes in tuna associative behavior for increasing FAD densities. More generally, they highlight the need for comparing animal movements in heterogeneous habitats in order to improve understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic habitat modifications on the ecology of wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Dagorn
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | | | - Fabien Forget
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - John D Filmalter
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Kim Holland
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology at University of Hawai'i, Kane'ohe, Hawai'i, USA
| | - David Itano
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Reserch at University of Hawai'i, Mānoa, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Shiham Adam
- International Pole and Line Foundation, 1 London Street, Reading, RG1 4QW, UK
| | - Riyaz Jauharee
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Sunil P Beeharry
- Ministry of Ocean Economy, Marine Resources, Fisheries and Shipping, Port Louis, Mauritius
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LaPorte J, Leone K, Zhang X, Holland K, Morris L, Bashey A, Solh M, Solomon S. A unique schedule of palonosetron, ondansetron, and dexamethasone for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting in patients receiving myeloablative chemotherapy. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2018; 25:1336-1342. [PMID: 30058442 DOI: 10.1177/1078155218790345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloablative chemotherapy administered prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) is associated with a significant amount of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We conducted a phase II trial to assess the safety, efficacy, and impact on quality of life when palonosetron (PAL) 0.25 mg combined with dexamethasone were given on the final or only day of myeloablative chemotherapy for auto-SCT. The primary end point of this study was the incidence of achieving a delayed CINV complete response defined as no emetic episode and no use of rescue medications during the 24-120 h period post chemotherapy. Eighty-five patients were enrolled in the study and received PAL. A delayed CINV complete response was achieved in 15% of patients. A multivariate analysis demonstrated no associated differences between age, gender, diagnosis, or regimen. By day 5 after PAL, the mean nausea severity was 0.91 ± 2.45 vs. 0.09 ± 1.58 at baseline (p = 0.012). Quality of life measurements demonstrated similar quality of life between baseline and day 3. By day 6 however, nausea alone had a statistically significant impact on quality of life. In our study, PAL controlled nausea severity and sustained quality of life, but further strategies are needed to control delayed CINV associated with the auto-SCT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J LaPorte
- 1 Northside Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Leone
- 1 Northside Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - X Zhang
- 2 The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Holland
- 3 Blood and Marrow Transplant Group of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Morris
- 3 Blood and Marrow Transplant Group of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Bashey
- 3 Blood and Marrow Transplant Group of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Solh
- 3 Blood and Marrow Transplant Group of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Solomon
- 3 Blood and Marrow Transplant Group of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hays GC, Ferreira LC, Sequeira AMM, Meekan MG, Duarte CM, Bailey H, Bailleul F, Bowen WD, Caley MJ, Costa DP, Eguíluz VM, Fossette S, Friedlaender AS, Gales N, Gleiss AC, Gunn J, Harcourt R, Hazen EL, Heithaus MR, Heupel M, Holland K, Horning M, Jonsen I, Kooyman GL, Lowe CG, Madsen PT, Marsh H, Phillips RA, Righton D, Ropert-Coudert Y, Sato K, Shaffer SA, Simpfendorfer CA, Sims DW, Skomal G, Takahashi A, Trathan PN, Wikelski M, Womble JN, Thums M. Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:463-475. [PMID: 26979550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is a golden age for animal movement studies and so an opportune time to assess priorities for future work. We assembled 40 experts to identify key questions in this field, focussing on marine megafauna, which include a broad range of birds, mammals, reptiles, and fish. Research on these taxa has both underpinned many of the recent technical developments and led to fundamental discoveries in the field. We show that the questions have broad applicability to other taxa, including terrestrial animals, flying insects, and swimming invertebrates, and, as such, this exercise provides a useful roadmap for targeted deployments and data syntheses that should advance the field of movement ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme C Hays
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia.
| | - Luciana C Ferreira
- IOMRC and The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Animal Biology and Centre for Marine Futures, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ana M M Sequeira
- IOMRC and The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Animal Biology and Centre for Marine Futures, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark G Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA
| | - Fred Bailleul
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), 2 Hamra Avenue, West Beach, Adelaide, SA 5024, Australia
| | - W Don Bowen
- Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - M Julian Caley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Victor M Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sabrina Fossette
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ari S Friedlaender
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Nick Gales
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Australian Government, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia
| | - Adrian C Gleiss
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - John Gunn
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Rob Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific St, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Kim Holland
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 98744, USA
| | - Markus Horning
- Science Department, Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK 99664, USA
| | - Ian Jonsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gerald L Kooyman
- Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher G Lowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Peter T Madsen
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark; Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Helene Marsh
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - David Righton
- Fisheries and Ecosystems Division, Cefas Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR34 7RU, UK
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-Université de La Rochelle, CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Katsufumi Sato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK; Centre for Biological Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gregory Skomal
- Massachusetts Shark Research Project, Division of Marine Fisheries, 1213 Purchase St, New Bedford, MA 02740, USA
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Philip N Trathan
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and ImmunoEcology, Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany; Konstanz University, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jamie N Womble
- National Park Service, Glacier Bay Field Station, 3100 National Park Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Michele Thums
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Bobbs M, Frazer T, Humphrey S, Bayer M, Wilson B, Olasz E, Holland K, Johnson K, Kuzminski J. Developing a low cost, mutually beneficial teledermatology
collaboration. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bristol S, Bashar A, Bursey J, Einfrank M, Leedom J, Meer M, Olson S, Schoentag S, Wessels J, Brixius K, Holland K, McGhee B, Munro A. Identification and Coding of Malnutrition and Obesity in an Acute Care Setting. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bryan BA, Higgins A, Overton IC, Holland K, Lester RE, King D, Nolan M, MacDonald DH, Connor JD, Bjornsson T, Kirby M. Ecohydrological and socioeconomic integration for the operational management of environmental flows. Ecol Appl 2013; 23:999-1016. [PMID: 23967571 DOI: 10.1890/12-2104.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Investment in and operation of flow control infrastructure such as dams, weirs, and regulators can help increase both the health of regulated river ecosystems and the social values derived from them. This requires high-quality and high-resolution spatiotemporal ecohydrological and socioeconomic information. We developed such an information base for integrated environmental flow management in the River Murray in South Australia (SA). A hydrological model was used to identify spatiotemporal inundation dynamics. River ecosystems were classified and mapped as ecohydrological units. Ecological response models were developed to link three aspects of environmental flows (flood duration, timing, and inter-flood period) to the health responses of 16 ecological components at various life stages. Potential infrastructure investments (flow control regulators and irrigation pump relocation) were located by interpreting LiDAR elevation data, digital orthophotography, and wetland mapping information; and infrastructure costs were quantified using engineering cost models. Social values were quantified at a coarse scale as total economic value based on a national survey of willingness-to-pay for four key ecological assets; and at a local scale using mapped ecosystem service values. This information was integrated using a constrained, nonlinear, mixed-integer, compromise programming optimization model and solved using a stochastic Tabu search algorithm. We tested the model uncertainty and sensitivity using 390 Monte Carlo model runs at varying weights of ecological health vs. social values. Integrating ecohydrological and socioeconomic information identified environmental flow management regimes that efficiently achieved both ecological and social objectives. Using an ecologically weighted efficient and socially weighted efficient scenario, we illustrated model outputs including a suite of cost-effective infrastructure investments and an operational plan for new and existing flow control structures including dam releases, weir height manipulation, and regulator operation on a monthly time step. Both the investments and management regimes differed substantially between the two scenarios, suggesting that the choice of weightings on ecological and social objectives is important. This demonstrates the benefit of integrating high-quality and high-resolution spatiotemporal ecohydrological and socioeconomic information for guiding the investment in and operational management of environmental flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Bryan
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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Hassall CD, Holland K, Krigolson OE. What do I do now? An electroencephalographic investigation of the explore/exploit dilemma. Neuroscience 2012; 228:361-70. [PMID: 23107618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To maximize reward, we are faced with the dilemma of having to balance the exploration of new response options and the exploitation of previous choices. Here, we sought to determine if the event-related brain potential (ERP) in the P300 time range is sensitive to decisions to explore or exploit within the context of a sequential risk-taking task. Specifically, the task we used required participants to continually explore their options-whether they should "push their luck" and keep gambling or "take the money and run" and collect their winnings. Our behavioral analysis yielded two distinct distributions of response times: a larger group of short-decision times and a smaller group of long-decision times. Interestingly, these data suggest that participants adopted one of two modes of control on any given trial: a mode where they quickly decided to keep gambling (i.e. exploit), and a mode where they deliberated whether to the take the money they had already won or continue gambling (i.e. explore). Importantly, we found that the amplitude of the ERP in the P300 time range was larger for explorative decisions than for exploitative decisions and, further, was correlated with decision time. Our results are consistent with a recent theoretical account that links changes in ERP amplitude in the P300 time range with phasic activity of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and decisions to engage in exploratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Hassall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are naturally occurring cytokines which have pleiotropic actions including regulation of cell growth and differentiation, important for control of tumour growth and development. In this study we investigated the association between the presence of IFN genes in NSCLC cell lines, receptor expression and function, and sensitivity to IFNs. Some of the NSCLC lines had partial or complete IFN gene deletion but others contained all genes. However, all NSCLC lines were resistant to the antiproliferative effects of IFN alpha 2 and IFN beta ser. While the lack of sensitivity to IFNs did not appear to be associated with the presence of IFN genes, numbers of receptors or with low binding affinities it did correlate with abnormal regulation of receptor expression. When analyzed by Northern blotting it was notable that IFNA receptor expression on a sensitive cell line, Daudi, was upregulated following IFN exposure however, in the insensitive NSCLC lines IFN mediated upregulation of receptors did not occur. This defect in the regulation of receptor expression in NSCLC lines could contribute to the insensitivity of the antiproliferative effects of IFN's and thus potentiate tumour development or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hasthorpe
- PETER MACCALLUM CANC INST,RES LABS,MELBOURNE,VIC 3002,AUSTRALIA. MONASH MED CTR,INST REPROD & DEV,MOL GENET & DEV GRP,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA
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Templer PH, Mack MC, Chapin FS, Christenson LM, Compton JE, Crook HD, Currie WS, Curtis CJ, Dail DB, D'Antonio CM, Emmett BA, Epstein HE, Goodale CL, Gundersen P, Hobbie SE, Holland K, Hooper DU, Hungate BA, Lamontagne S, Nadelhoffer KJ, Osenberg CW, Perakis SS, Schleppi P, Schimel J, Schmidt IK, Sommerkorn M, Spoelstra J, Tietema A, Wessel WW, Zak DR. Sinks for nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta-analysis of 15N tracer field studies. Ecology 2012; 93:1816-29. [PMID: 22928411 DOI: 10.1890/11-1146.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to store carbon (C) depend in part on the amount of N retained in the system and its partitioning among plant and soil pools. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies at 48 sites across four continents that used enriched 15N isotope tracers in order to synthesize information about total ecosystem N retention (i.e., total ecosystem 15N recovery in plant and soil pools) across natural systems and N partitioning among ecosystem pools. The greatest recoveries of ecosystem 15N tracer occurred in shrublands (mean, 89.5%) and wetlands (84.8%) followed by forests (74.9%) and grasslands (51.8%). In the short term (< 1 week after 15N tracer application), total ecosystem 15N recovery was negatively correlated with fine-root and soil 15N natural abundance, and organic soil C and N concentration but was positively correlated with mean annual temperature and mineral soil C:N. In the longer term (3-18 months after 15N tracer application), total ecosystem 15N retention was negatively correlated with foliar natural-abundance 15N but was positively correlated with mineral soil C and N concentration and C:N, showing that plant and soil natural-abundance 15N and soil C:N are good indicators of total ecosystem N retention. Foliar N concentration was not significantly related to ecosystem 15N tracer recovery, suggesting that plant N status is not a good predictor of total ecosystem N retention. Because the largest ecosystem sinks for 15N tracer were below ground in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, we conclude that growth enhancement and potential for increased C storage in aboveground biomass from atmospheric N deposition is likely to be modest in these ecosystems. Total ecosystem 15N recovery decreased with N fertilization, with an apparent threshold fertilization rate of 46 kg N x ha(-1) x yr(-1) above which most ecosystems showed net losses of applied 15N tracer in response to N fertilizer addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Abstract
Summary
Direct measurement of predator feeding events would represent a major advance in marine trophic ecology. To date, devices available for empirically quantifying feeding in free-swimming fishes have relied on measuring stomach temperature, pH or physical motility, each of which has major, practical limitations. We hypothesized that the considerable physical changes which occur in the stomachs of carnivorous predators during the processes of ingestion and digestion should be quantifiable using Bulk Electrical Impedance measured across paired electrodes. We used a prototype archival data logging tag (Wildlife Computers Inc. Redmond, WA) to record changes in impedance inside the stomachs of captive, free swimming tiger and sandbar sharks over multiple, successive feeding events. Feeding and digestion events produced characteristic changes in electrical impedance of the stomach contents identifiable as 5 successive phases: (1) Pre-ingestion (empty stomach), (2) Ingestion, (3) Chemical 'lag' phase, (4) Mechanical 'chyme' phase, and (5) Stomach emptying phase. The duration of the chyme phase was positively related to meal size.
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Prithviraj GK, Sommers SR, Jump RL, Halmos B, Chambless LB, Parker SL, Hassam-Malani L, McGirt MJ, Thompson RC, Chambless LB, Parker SL, Hassam-Malani L, McGirt MJ, Thompson RC, Hunter K, Chamberlain MC, Le EM, Lee ELT, Chamberlain MC, Sadighi ZS, Pearlman ML, Slopis JM, Vats TS, Khatua S, DeVito NC, Yu M, Chen R, Pan E, Cloughesy T, Raizer J, Drappatz J, Gerena-Lewis M, Rogerio J, Yacoub S, Desjardin A, Groves MD, DeGroot J, Loghin M, Conrad CA, Hess K, Ni J, Ictech S, Hunter K, Yung WA, Porter AB, Dueck AC, Karlin NJ, Chamberlain MC, Olson J, Silber J, Reiner AS, Panageas KS, Iwamoto FM, Cloughesy TF, Aldape KD, Rivera AL, Eichler AF, Louis DN, Paleologos NA, Fisher BJ, Ashby LS, Cairncross JG, Roldan GB, Wen PY, Ligon KL, Shiff D, Robins HI, Rocque BG, Chamberlain MC, Mason WP, Weaver SA, Green RM, Kamar FG, Abrey LE, DeAngelis LM, Jhanwar SC, Rosenblum MK, Lassman AB, Cachia D, Alderson L, Moser R, Smith T, Yunus S, Saito K, Mukasa A, Narita Y, Tabei Y, Shinoura N, Shibui S, Saito N, Flechl B, Ackerl M, Sax C, Dieckmann K, Crevenna R, Widhalm G, Preusser M, Marosi C, Marosi C, Ay C, Preusser M, Dunkler D, Widhalm G, Pabinger I, Dieckmann K, Zielinski C, Belongia M, Jogal S, Schlingensiepen KH, Bogdahn U, Stockhammer G, Mahapatra AK, Venkataramana NK, Oliushine V, Parfenov V, Poverennova I, Hau P, Jachimczak P, Heinrichs H, Mammoser AG, Shonka NA, de Groot JF, Shibahara I, Sonoda Y, Kumabe T, Saito R, Kanamori M, Yamashita Y, Watanabe M, Ishioka C, Tominaga T, Silvani A, Gaviani P, Lamperti E, Botturi A, DiMeco F, Broggi G, Fariselli L, Solero CL, Salmaggi A, Green RM, Woyshner EA, Cloughesy TF, Shu F, Oh YS, Iganej S, Singh G, Vemuri SL, Theeler BJ, Ellezam B, Gilbert MR, Aoki T, Kobayashi H, Takano S, Nishikawa R, Shinoura N, Nagane M, Narita Y, Muragaki Y, Sugiyama K, Kuratsu J, Matsutani M, Sadighi ZS, Khatua S, Langford LA, Puduvalli VK, Shen D, Chen ZP, Zhang JP, Chen ZP, Bedekar D, Rand S, Connelly J, Malkin M, Paulson E, Mueller W, Schmainda K, Gallego O, Benavides M, Segura PP, Balana C, Gil M, Berrocal A, Reynes G, Garcia JL, Murata P, Bague S, Quintana MJ, Vasishta VG, Nagane M, Kobayashi K, Tanaka M, Tsuchiya K, Shiokawa Y, Bavle AA, Ayyanar K, Puduvalli VK, Prado MP, Hess KR, Hunter K, Ictech S, Groves MD, Gilbert MR, Liu V, Conrad CA, de Groot J, Loghin ME, Colman H, Levin VA, Alfred Yung WK, Hackney JR, Palmer CA, Markert JM, Cure J, Riley KO, Fathallah-Shaykh H, Nabors LB, Saria MG, Corle C, Hu J, Rudnick J, Phuphanich S, Mrugala MM, Lee LK, Fu BD, Bota DA, Kim RY, Brown T, Feely H, Hu A, Drappatz J, Wen PY, Lee JW, Carter B, Kesari S, Fu BD, Kong XT, Bota DA, Fu BD, Bota DA, Sparagana S, Belousova E, Jozwiak S, Korf B, Frost M, Kuperman R, Kohrman M, Witt O, Wu J, Flamini R, Jansen A, Curtalolo P, Thiele E, Whittemore V, De Vries P, Ford J, Shah G, Cauwel H, Edrich P, Sahmoud T, Franz D, Khasraw M, Brown C, Ashley DM, Rosenthal MA, Jiang X, Mou YG, Chen ZP, Oh M, kim E, Chang J, Juratli TA, Kirsch M, Schackert G, Krex D, Gilbert MR, Wang M, Aldape KD, Stupp R, Hegi M, Jaeckle KA, Armstrong TS, Wefel JS, Won M, Blumenthal DT, Mahajan A, Schultz CJ, Erridge SC, Brown PD, Chakravarti A, Curran WJ, Mehta MP, Hofland KF, Hansen S, Sorensen M, Schultz H, Muhic A, Engelholm S, Ask A, Kristiansen C, Thomsen C, Poulsen HS, Lassen UN, Zalatimo O, Weston C, Zoccoli C, Glantz M, Rahmanuddin S, Shiroishi MS, Cen SY, Jones J, Chen T, Pagnini P, Go J, Lerner A, Gomez J, Law M, Ram Z, Wong ET, Gutin PH, Bobola MS, Alnoor M, Silbergeld DL, Rostomily RC, Chamberlain MC, Silber JR, Martha N, Jacqueline S, Thaddaus G, Daniel P, Hans M, Armin M, Eugen T, Gunther S, Hutterer M, Tseng HM, Zoccoli CM, Glantz M, Zalatimo O, Patel A, Rizzo K, Sheehan JM, Sumrall AL, Vredenburgh JJ, Desjardins A, Reardon DA, Friiedman HS, Peters KB, Taylor LP, Stewart M, Blondin NA, Baehring JM, Foote T, Laack N, Call J, Hamilton MG, Walling S, Eliasziw M, Easaw J, Shirsat NV, Kundar R, Gokhale A, Goel A, Moiyadi AA, Wang J, Mutlu E, Oyan A, Yan T, Tsinkalovsky O, Jacobsen HK, Talasila KM, Sleire L, Pettersen K, Miletic H, Andersen S, Mitra S, Weissman I, Li X, Kalland KH, Enger PO, Sepulveda J, Belda C, Balana C, Segura PP, Reynes G, Gil M, Gallego O, Berrocal A, Blumenthal DT, Sitt R, Phishniak L, Bokstein F, Philippe M, Carole C, Andre MDP, Marylin B, Olivier C, L'Houcine O, Dominique FB, Philippe M, Isabelle NM, Olivier C, Frederic F, Stephane F, Henry D, Marylin B, L'Houcine O, Dominique FB, Errico MA, Kunschner LJ, Errico MA, Kunschner LJ, Soffietti R, Trevisan E, Ruda R, Bertero L, Bosa C, Fabrini MG, Lolli I, Jalali R, Julka PK, Anand AK, Bhavsar D, Singhal N, Naik R, John S, Mathew BS, Thaipisuttikul I, Graber J, DeAngelis LM, Shirinian M, Fontebasso AM, Jacob K, Gerges N, Montpetit A, Nantel A, Albrecht S, Jabado N, Mammoser AG, Shah K, Conrad CA, Di K, Linskey M, Bota DA, Thon N, Eigenbrod S, Kreth S, Lutz J, Tonn JC, Kretzschmar H, Peraud A, Kreth FW, Muggeri AD, Alderuccio JP, Diez BD, Jiang P, Chao Y, Gallagher M, Kim R, Pastorino S, Fogal V, Kesari S, Rudnick JD, Bresee C, Rogatko A, Sakowsky S, Franco M, Hu J, Lim S, Lopez A, Yu L, Ryback K, Tsang V, Lill M, Steinberg A, Sheth R, Grimm S, Helenowski I, Rademaker A, Raizer J, Nunes FP, Merker V, Jennings D, Caruso P, Muzikansky A, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Plotkin S, Spalding AC, Vitaz TW, Sun DA, Parsons S, Welch MR, Omuro A, DeAngelis LM, Omuro A, Beal K, Correa D, Chan T, DeAngelis L, Gavrilovic I, Nolan C, Hormigo A, Lassman AB, Kaley T, Mellinghoff I, Grommes C, Panageas K, Reiner A, Barradas R, Abrey L, Gutin P, Lee SY, Slagle-Webb B, Glantz MJ, Sheehan JM, Connor JR, Schlimper CA, Schlag H, Stoffels G, Weber F, Krueger DA, Care MM, Holland K, Agricola K, Tudor C, Byars A, Sahmoud T, Franz DN, Raizer J, Rice L, Rademaker A, Chandler J, Levy R, Muro K, Grimm S, Nayak L, Iwamoto FM, Rudnick JD, Norden AD, Omuro A, Kaley TJ, Thomas AA, Fadul CE, Meyer LP, Lallana EC, Colman H, Gilbert M, Alfred Yung WK, Aldape K, De Groot J, Conrad C, Levin V, Groves M, Loghin M, Chris P, Puduvalli V, Nagpal S, Feroze A, Recht L, Rangarajan HG, Kieran MW, Scott RM, Lew SM, Firat SY, Segura AD, Jogal SA, Kumthekar PU, Grimm SA, Avram M, Patel J, Kaklamani V, McCarthy K, Cianfrocca M, Gradishar W, Mulcahy M, Von Roenn J, Helenowski I, Rademaker A, Raizer J, Galanis E, Anderson SK, Lafky JM, Kaufmann TJ, Uhm JH, Giannini C, Kumar SK, Northfelt DW, Flynn PJ, Jaeckle KA, Buckner JC, Omar AI, Panageas KS, Iwamoto FM, Cloughesy TF, Aldape KD, Rivera AL, Eichler AF, Louis DN, Paleologos NA, Fisher BJ, Ashby LS, Cairncross JG, Roldan GB, Wen PY, Ligon KL, Schiff D, Robins HI, Rocque BG, Chamberlain MC, Mason WP, Weaver SA, Green RM, Kamar FG, Abrey LE, DeAngelis LM, Jhanwar SC, Rosenblum MK, Lassman AB, Delios A, Jakubowski A, DeAngelis L, Grommes C, Lassman AB, Theeler BJ, Melguizo-Gavilanes I, Shonka NA, Qiao W, Wang X, Mahajan A, Puduvalli V, Hashemi-Sadraei N, Bawa H, Rahmathulla G, Patel M, Elson P, Stevens G, Peereboom D, Vogelbaum M, Weil R, Barnett G, Ahluwalia MS, Alvord EC, Rockne RC, Rockhill JK, Mrugala MM, Rostomily R, Lai A, Cloughesy T, Wardlaw J, Spence AM, Swanson KR, Zadeh G, Alahmadi H, Wilson J, Gentili F, Lassman AB, Wang M, Gilbert MR, Aldape KD, Beumer JJ, Wright J, Takebe N, Puduvalli VK, Hormigo A, Gaur R, Werner-Wasik M, Mehta MP, Gupta AJ, Campos-Gines A, Le K, Arango C, Richards M, Landeros M, Juan H, Chang JH, Kim JS, Cho JH, Seo CO, Baldock AL, Rockne R, Canoll P, Born D, Yagle K, Swanson KR, Alexandru D, Bota D, Linskey ME, Nabeel S, Raval SN, Raizer J, Grimm S, Rice L, Rosenow J, Levy R, Bredel M, Chandler J, New PZ, Plotkin SR, Supko JG, Curry WT, Chi AS, Gerstner ER, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Batchelor TT, Ahluwalia MS, Hashemi N, Rahmathulla G, Patel M, Chao ST, Peereboom D, Weil RJ, Suh JH, Vogelbaum MA, Stevens GH, Barnett GH, Corwin D, Holdsworth C, Stewart R, Rockne R, Swanson K, Graber JJ, Kaley T, Rockne RC, Anderson AR, Swanson KR, Jeyapalan S, Goldman M, Boxerman J, Donahue J, Elinzano H, Evans D, O'Connor B, Puthawala MY, Oyelese A, Cielo D, Blitstein M, Dargush M, Santaniello A, Constantinou M, DiPetrillo T, Safran H, Plotkin SR, Halpin C, Merker V, Barker FG, Maher EA, Ganji S, DeBerardinis R, Hatanpaa K, Rakheja D, Yang XL, Mashimo T, Raisanen J, Madden C, Mickey B, Malloy C, Bachoo R, Choi C, Ranjan T, Yono N, Zalatimo O, Zoccoli C, Glantz M, Han SJ, Sun M, Berger MS, Aghi M, Gupta N, Parsa AT. MEDICAL AND NEURO-ONCOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Warne T, Holland K, McAndrew S. The catcher in the why: Developing an evidence-based approach to the organization, delivery and evaluation of pre-registration nurse educational programmes. Nurse Educ Pract 2011; 11:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seo JH, Holland K, Rose D, Rozhkov L, Fujiwara H, Byars A, Arthur T, DeGrauw T, Leach JL, Gelfand MJ, Miles L, Mangano FT, Horn P, Lee KH. Multimodality imaging in the surgical treatment of children with nonlesional epilepsy. Neurology 2011; 76:41-8. [PMID: 21205694 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318204a380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic value of individual noninvasive presurgical modalities and to study their role in surgical management of nonlesional pediatric epilepsy patients. METHODS We retrospectively studied 14 children (3-18 years) with nonlesional intractable focal epilepsy. Clinical characteristics, surgical outcome, localizing features on 3 presurgical diagnostic tests (subtraction peri-ictal SPECT coregistered to MRI [SISCOM], statistical parametric mapping [SPM] analysis of [18F] FDG-PET, magnetoencephalography [MEG]), and intracranial EEG (iEEG) were reviewed. The localization of each individual test was determined for lobar location by visual inspection. Concordance of localization between each test and iEEG was scored as follows: 2=lobar concordance; 1=hemispheric concordance; 0=discordance or nonlocalization. Total concordance score in each patient was measured by the summation of concordance scores for all 3 tests. RESULTS Seven (50%) of 14 patients were seizure-free for at least 12 months after surgery. One (7%) had only rare seizures and 6 (43%) had persistent seizures. MEG (79%, 11/14) and SISCOM (79%, 11/14) showed greater lobar concordance with iEEG than SPM-PET (13%, 3/14) (p<0.05). SPM-PET provided hemispheric lateralization (71%, 10/14) more often than lobar localization. Total concordance score tended to be greater for seizure-free patients (4.7) than for non-seizure-free patients (3.9). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that MEG and SISCOM are better tools for lobar localization than SPM analysis of FDG-PET in children with nonlesional epilepsy. A multimodality approach may improve surgical outcome as well as selection of surgical candidates in patients without MRI abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Seo
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3339, USA
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Warne T, McAndrew S, King M, Holland K. Learning to listen to the organisational rhetoric of primary health and social care integration. Nurse Educ Today 2007; 27:947-54. [PMID: 17391812 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sustained modernisation of the UK primary health care service has resulted in individuals and organisations having to develop more integrated ways of working. This has resulted in changes to the structure and functioning of primary care organisations, changes to the traditional workforce, and an increase in scope of primary care practice. These changes have contributed to what for many staff has become a constantly turbulent organisational and practice environment. Data from a three-year project, commissioned by the North West Development Agency is used to explore how staff involved in these changes dealt with this turbulence. Three hundred and fifty staff working within primary care participated in the study. A multimethods approach was used which facilitated an iterative analysis and data collection process. Thematic analysis revealed a high degree of congruence between the perceptions of all staff groups with evidence of a generally well-articulated, but often rhetorical view of the organisational and professional factors involved in how these changes were experienced. This rhetoric was used by individuals as a way of containing both the good and bad elements of their experience. This paper discusses how these defense mechanisms need to be recognised and understood by managers so that a more supportive organisational culture is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Warne
- Mental Health Care, School of Nursing/Salford Centre for Nursing, Midwifery and Collaborative Research, University of Salford, England, United Kingdom.
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Klose N, Levisohn P, Holland K, Schäuble B. To evaluate the effectiveness of topiramate monotherapy or add-on therapy in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kiss-Toth E, Wyllie DH, Holland K, Marsden L, Jozsa V, Oxley KM, Polgar T, Qwarnstrom EE, Dower SK. Functional mapping of Toll/interleukin-1 signalling networks by expression cloning. Biochem Soc Trans 2005; 33:1405-6. [PMID: 16246130 DOI: 10.1042/bst20051405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cellular proteins have been identified as participating in Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-mediated inflammatory gene expression. The continuing isolation of novel components, based on sequence similarities, protein-protein interactions and protein purification, suggests that many elements of this signalling network remain to be identified. We report here the development of a high-throughput functional screening platform and its application for the identification of components of inflammatory signalling networks. Our results enable us to estimate that 100-150 gene products are involved in controlling the transcription of the human interleukin 8 gene. The approach, which is simple and robust, constitutes a general method for mapping signal transduction systems and for rapid isolation of a large number of signalling components based on the control of pathways leading to regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kiss-Toth
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Abstract
AIMS To document loss of central field in patients with scars from toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis close to the disc after resolution of disease. METHODS Patients with a clinical diagnosis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis were enrolled from four centres. Automated central visual field testing was performed when their disease had settled and retinal photographs of the lesions were taken. The type of central field defect (whether absolute or relative) and whether it broke out to the periphery were correlated with the size of the retinochoroidal scar and its proximity to the optic nerve head. RESULTS 69 eyes were enrolled; 16 (26%) were discarded because of poor field performance. Of the 53 remaining eyes, 31 showed absolute defects and 20 relative defects. Scars within one disc diameter of the disc were more likely to be associated with absolute defects breaking out to the periphery. CONCLUSION The scarring induced by toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is associated with considerable field loss when it occurs close to the optic nerve head. Current treatment is unlikely to ameliorate this situation. The degree of visual field loss should be an outcome measure for future trials of the efficacy of treatment trials for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Stanford
- Department of Ophthlamology, Medical Eye Unit, St Thomas's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Gascoigne MH, Holland K, Page CP, Shock A, Robinson M, Foulkes R, Gozzard N. The effect of anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies on antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation in allergic rabbits. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2003; 16:279-85. [PMID: 12877819 DOI: 10.1016/s1094-5539(03)00069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The integrin adhesion molecules are involved in the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells at sites of inflammation in a variety of diseases. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against CD49d (alpha(4) integrin), CD18 (beta(2) integrin) and the alpha sub-units of beta(2) integrin CD11a (LFA-1 integrin) and CD11b (Mac-1 integrin), on antigen (Ag)-induced acute bronchoconstriction and cellular recruitment in allergic rabbits in vivo. Inhaled Ag (Alternaria tenuis) challenge of neonatally sensitised rabbits caused an acute bronchoconstriction demonstrated by an increase in lung resistance (R(L)) and decrease in dynamic compliance (C(dyn)) and pulmonary inflammation characterised by an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, 24 h after challenge. Pre-treatment with the anti-CD49d mAb (Max-68P), significantly inhibited the Ag-induced acute bronchoconstriction in terms of R(L) and (C(dyn)). Treatment with the other anti-integrin mAbs had no effect on the acute bronchoconstriction after inhaled Ag challenge.Pre-treatment with the anti-integrin mAbs had differential effects in blocking the recruitment of inflammatory cells 24 h after inhaled Ag in the allergic rabbits. The data show that in the allergic rabbit model of asthma, VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) only, is involved in the acute bronchoconstriction, suggesting an involvement of mast cell degranulation. Furthermore, eosinophil recruitment and activation appears to be mediated by a combination of VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) and LFA-1 (CD18/CD11a). However in contrast, lymphocyte recruitment appears to be mediated by a combination of LFA-1 (CD18/CD11a) and Mac-1 (CD18/CD11b).
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Gascoigne
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, GKT School of Biomedical Sciences, 5th Floor, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 9RF, London, UK
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Holland K. The Learning and Teaching Support Network, Centre for Health Sciences and Practice, Festival of Learning, Redwood Lodge Hotel, Bristol, 19–20 September 2002. Nurse Educ Pract 2002; 2:268-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1471-5953(02)00089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Holland K. Editorial comment. Nurse Educ Pract 2002; 2:223. [DOI: 10.1016/s1471-5953(02)00088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Akdis M, Trautmann A, Klunker S, Daigle I, Kücüksezer UC, Deglmann W, Disch R, Blaser K, Akdis CA, Forschner K, Zuberbier T, Worm M, Gutermuth J, Huss-Marp J, Eberlein-König B, Breuer K, Mair S, Darsow U, Ansel A, Krämer U, Mayer E, Gertis K, Ring J, Behrendt H, Jappe U, Farrar M, Ingham E, Holland K, Karamloo F, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Kussebi F, Manhart C, Soldatova L, Hously-Markovic Z, Spangfort MD, Kunzmann S, Schmidt-Weber CB, Mahler V, Gutgesell C, Fuchs T, Kraft D, Valenta R, Münch D, Borelli S, Fukrop R, Reese I, Hipler UC, Weissenbacher S, Engst R, Rakoski J, Ollert M, Wilkening R, Soost S, Klinger R, Wuske T. Poster-Abstracts. Allergo J 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03361028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Holland K, Fennell S. Clinical governance is "ACE"--using the EFQM excellence model to support baseline assessment. Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv 2001; 13:170-7. [PMID: 11486670 DOI: 10.1108/09526860010336993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of clinical governance in the "new NHS" means that National Health Service (NHS) organisations are now accountable for the quality of the services they provide to their local communities. As part of the implementation of clinical governance in the NHS, Trusts and health authorities had to complete a baseline assessment of their capability and capacity by September 1999. Describes one Trust's approach to developing and implementing its baseline assessment tool, based upon its existing use of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model. An initial review of the process suggests that the model provides an adaptable framework for the development of a comprehensive and practical assessment tool and that self-assessment ensures ownership of action plans at service level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holland
- Wakefield and Pontefract Community Health Trust, Wakefield, UK
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Reece D, Foon K, Chatterjee M, Connaghan G, Holland K, Munn R, DiPersio J, Simpson D, Teitelbaum A, Phillips G. Anti-idiotype (anti-ID) vaccination plus intensive therapy (IT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for patients (PTS) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Eur J Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)81847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The study reported in this paper explored the nature of the transition experienced by student nurses in their journey to becoming qualified nurses. In keeping with the developing relationship between the disciplines of anthropology and nursing, the methodology of choice was ethnography. Data were collected by open-ended questionnaires and interviews with key informants from one English College of Nursing undertaking Diploma level Project 2000 Adult Branch Studies. Thematic analysis of the data revealed an ill-defined transition for the student nurse and this lack of clarity was being perpetuated for many by their dual role as both student nurse and worker. This was also creating a potential role conflict and a blurring of the boundaries between professional nursing and skilled health care work. The data also revealed two 'in limbo' states, a ritualized transition phase, and that the rationale for 'learning to become a nurse' retains the idealized and vocational imagery of nursing as helping and caring for sick people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holland
- Department of Nursing, The University of Salford, England
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Blanch G, Quenby S, Ballantyne ES, Gosden CM, Neilson JP, Holland K. Embryonic abnormalities at medical termination of pregnancy with mifepristone and misoprostol during first trimester: observational study. BMJ 1998; 316:1712-3. [PMID: 9614021 PMCID: PMC28572 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7146.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Blanch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX
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Holland K. Alternatives to traditional illness models. Interview by Cheryl Slagle King. Adv Pract Nurs Q 1998; 3:43-5. [PMID: 9485779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Center for Human Caring at the School of Nursing, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center embraces complementary care modalities. The author interviews Karen Holland, Executive Director for the Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holland
- Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Holland K, Norell A, Micevych P. Interaction of thyroxine and estrogen on the expression of estrogen receptor alpha, cholecystokinin, and preproenkephalin messenger ribonucleic acid in the limbic-hypothalamic circuit. Endocrinology 1998; 139:1221-8. [PMID: 9492057 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.3.5842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To study thyroid hormone and estrogen interactions in the central nervous system (CNS), the expression of estrogen sensitive genes was examined within the limbic-hypothalamic circuit. Estrogen up-regulates the expression of reproductively relevant neuropeptide messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding cholecystokinin (CCK) and enkephalin, peptides that stimulate lordosis. Estrogen down-regulates the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) mRNA in the nuclei of the circuit. We examined the possibility that thyroid hormone treatment would block the estrogen modulation of these messages. Estradiol benzoate (EB), EB + thyroxine (T4), T4, or oil were administered to ovariectomized, adult female rats for 10 days. Isotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that within the limbic-hypothalamic nuclei, levels of CCK and preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA levels were significantly higher in EB and EB + T4-treated animals compared with T4 or oil-treated animals. ER alpha mRNA levels were low in EB treated animals, elevated in T4 or oil-treated animals and further elevated in EB + T4-treated animals. In summary, T4 treatment had neither an independent nor an antagonistic effect on estrogen induced expression of CCK or PPE mRNA in the circuit. However, T4 did prevent the normal estrogenic decrease of ER alpha mRNA levels in the nuclei of the limbic-hypothalamic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holland
- Department of Neurobiology, Mental Retardation Research Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1763, USA
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Dowlatshahi M, Neville CR, Kagan AR, Rao A, Semrad N, Holland K, Peddada AV, Tome M, Miller M, Ryoo J, Wang R, Iganej S. Visual method of confirming cervical intracavitary implant adequacy and triage of patients for computer dosimetry. J Oncol Manag 1998; 7:26-30. [PMID: 10179006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Dowlatshahi
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shpall EJ, LeMaistre CF, Holland K, Ball E, Jones RB, Saral R, Jacobs C, Heimfeld S, Berenson R, Champlin R. A prospective randomized trial of buffy coat versus CD34-selected autologous bone marrow support in high-risk breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy. Blood 1997; 90:4313-20. [PMID: 9373242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic progenitor cell support is administered increasingly to selected categories of patients with high-risk malignancies. Bone marrow and/or peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) are commonly cryopreserved with the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which can cause a variety of systemic side effects when the graft is thawed and infused. The progenitor cells thought to be responsible for hematopoietic recovery express the CD34 antigen and constitute 1% to 3% of the marrow cells and 0.5% of the PBPC fraction. Transplantation of a CD34(+) graft would markedly reduce the volume and thus the amount of DMSO required, thereby decreasing the infusion-related toxicities. In this study, 89 high-risk breast cancer patients received high-dose therapy and were randomized to receive an autologous CD34(+) marrow graft (Arm A) versus a standard buffy coat fraction (Arm B). After marrow infusion, significant increases in diastolic and systolic blood pressure, as well as significant decreases in heart rate, were documented in Arm B compared to Arm A patients (P < .001). None of the patients in Arm A experienced any clinically serious adverse events associated with the marrow infusion compared to 6% of the Arm B patients. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 13 days for Arm A and 11 days for Arm B patients (P = .218). The median time to platelet engraftment was 27 days for Arm A and 20 days for Arm B patients (0.051). There were no other significant differences between the two arms of the study with respect to thrombocytopenia-related complications or immune function reconstitution. Additionally, patients on Arm A who received >/=1.2 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg had no delay in platelet recovery (22 days), compared to patients on Arm B, who also received greater than 1.2 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg (20 days) (P = .604). In conclusion, this prospective randomized study demonstrates that breast cancer patients who receive high-dose therapy with autologous CD34(+) marrow support have reduced marrow infusion-related toxicity, comparable time to neutrophil engraftment and immune function recovery posttransplant, and for those who receive <1.2 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg, comparable time to platelet engraftment compared to women who receive buffy coat fractions of marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Shpall
- University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Sprague J, Holland K, Thomas K. The effect of noncontingent sensory reinforcement, contingent sensory reinforcement, and response interruption on stereotypical and self-injurious behavior. Res Dev Disabil 1997; 18:61-77. [PMID: 9085430 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-4222(96)00038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three analyses were conducted to assess the effects of different consequent stimuli on the rate of stereotypical and self-injurious behavior performed by two individuals with severe developmental disabilities and dual sensory impairments. An analogue functional analysis documented an undifferentiated pattern of problem behavior across all conditions for Participant 1. Data for Participant 2 indicated an undifferentiated pattern with lower frequencies in the demand condition. Stimuli chosen to compete with the type of sensory stimulation produced by the stereotypy and self-injurious behavior were presented noncontingently during play conditions. Noncontingent presentation of the specially selected stimuli resulted in reductions in stereotypy and self-injurious behavior. Finally, contingent presentation of the same stimuli with and without response interruption was assessed in a demand context. Contingent presentation of the specially selected stimuli plus response interruption resulted in more suppression than contingent sensory stimulus presentation alone. Results are discussed as to competing and concurrent schedules of reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sprague
- Specialized Training Program, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403-1235, USA
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Ross AA, Layton TJ, Ostrander AB, Passos-Coelho JL, Davis JM, Huelskamp AM, Noga SJ, Davidson NE, Kennedy MJ, Cooper BW, Gerson SL, Lazarus HM, Holland K, Gluck S, Moss TJ, Kaubish A, Vahdat L, Antman K. Comparative analysis of breast cancer contamination in mobilized and nonmobilized hematopoietic grafts. J Hematother 1996; 5:549-52. [PMID: 8938527 DOI: 10.1089/scd.1.1996.5.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Ross
- CellPro, Inc., Bothell, WA 98021, USA
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Fried MW, Connaghan DG, Sharma S, Martin LG, Devine S, Holland K, Zuckerman A, Kaufman S, Wingard J, Boyer TD. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the management of severe venoocclusive disease following bone marrow transplantation. Hepatology 1996; 24:588-91. [PMID: 8781329 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510240321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD) is a common, life-threatening complication of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Portal hypertension is usually present and accounts for many of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. We describe the results of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for the management of VOD after BMT TIPS was performed in six patients with histologically confirmed VOD who had progressive jaundice and ascites. Portal hypertension was improved by TIPS in all patients (mean portal pressure gradient before TIPS, 20.2 +/- 4.6 vs. 6.7 +/- 1.9 mm Hg post-TIPS, P < .004). Three patients who underwent TIPS late in the course of VOD did not demonstrate any clinical improvement after TIPS and expired within 2 weeks of the procedure. The remaining three patients had less advanced disease and demonstrated decreases in serum bilirubin, improvement in coagulopathy, and decreased ascites after TIPS. Two patients subsequently expired, one with persistent histological changes of VOD. The lone survivor continues to do well with resolution of ascites, jaundice, and coagulopathy as of her last outpatient visit. TIPS was an effective method for portal decompression in patients with VOD after BMT, and was associated with clinical improvement in some patients. However, these effects may be transient and may not improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Fried
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Estrogenic regulation of cholecystokinin (CCK) and its receptors is correlated with the initiation and termination of lordosis behavior. To understand the effect of circulating estrogen concentration on the temporal aspects of CCK mRNA expression in the posterodorsal medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeApd) and the central part of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc) of the limbic-hypothalamic circuit, ovariectomized female rats were treated with a 10 mm Silastic capsule filled with estradiol, a bolus injection of 50 micrograms estradiol benzoate or 2 micrograms estradiol benzoate every 4 days for five "cycles." In situ hybridization was used to compare the relative changes of CCK mRNA levels at 0 h to levels measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h after estrogen administration. In the MPNc and the MeApd, the 10-mm capsule significantly increased and maintained CCK mRNA levels from 6 to 96 h. The range of the increase was 3.0-5.1-fold in the MPNc and 2.8-5.0 in the MeApd. The 50-micrograms injections significantly increased and maintained CCK mRNA levels in the MPNc from 12 to 96 h (range of the increase 2.4-4.1-fold) and in the MeApd from 24 to 96 h (range of the increase 2.2-2.8-fold). The repeated administration of 2 micrograms estrogen induced a significant increase of message levels in the MPNc at 12 and 24 h that were 4.2- and 4.7-fold, respectively. In the MeApd this estrogen treatment did not significantly increase CCK mRNA. These studies demonstrate that small doses (2 micrograms) of estrogen that mimic the pattern and circulating levels of estrogen dramatically stimulate CCK mRNA levels in the limbic-hypothalamic circuit. To further study this steroid stimulation, ovariectomized female rats were implanted with estradiol-filled cannulae into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis or MeA. Estrogen elevated CCK mRNA levels locally in each nucleus. Implants in the bed nucleus also elevated CCK mRNA levels in the MeApd indicating that physiologic estrogen stimulation of CCK in the MeApd is the result of both local and distal transsynaptic elevation of CCK mRNA levels. The sitespecific induction of CCK mRNA levels within the limbic-hypothalamic nuclei provides another important facet of estrogenic modulation of CCK induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Micevych
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, UCLA 90095-1763, USA.
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Holland K, Schain FH. [Prevention of thrombosis with fraxiparin 0.3 after arthroscopic interventions]. Fortschr Med 1995; 113:335-6. [PMID: 7557810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
METHODS During a drug monitoring 101 men and women between 13 and 67 years underwent arthroscopic interventions on the knee on an outpatient basis and received the low-molecular-weight heparin, Fraxiparin 0.3, as prophylaxis of thromboembolism. In general the drug was administered the day before operation, two hours prior to operation and for five to six days postoperatively as a single daily s.c. dose. RESULTS During the period of treatment, one patient developed a deep venous thrombosis of the leg; on completion of observation time four more cases of venous thrombosis of the leg occurred. In contrast, no pulmonary embolisms were observed. Fraxiparin 0.3 has proved to be very well tolerated, undesired side effects did not occur, and in no case was the preventive treatment interrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holland
- Ambulatorium für Arthroskopische Chirurgie, Hannover
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Holland K. Medicine from animals: from mysticism to science. Pharm Hist (Lond) 1994; 24:9-12. [PMID: 11613482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Wilkins A, Milroy R, Nimmo-Smith I, Wright A, Tyrrell R, Holland K, Martin J, Bald J, Yale S, Miles T. Preliminary observations concerning treatment of visual discomfort and associated perceptual distortion. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1992; 12:257-63. [PMID: 1408185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1992.tb00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A system for therapeutic precision tinting is described. Some individuals who are subject to perceptual distortion of text no longer perceive the distortion when the text has a particular colour. A simple colorimeter enables an observer to illuminate text with light of a particular chromaticity, varying first CIE 1976 hue angle (huv), then saturation (suv), and then luminance, to obtain a setting that maximizes visual comfort and reduces any perceptual distortion. The colorimeter setting is then matched by a combination of tinted trial lenses. The combination uses only two dyes at a time from a selection of seven, unless a dark lens is required, when a third neutral (grey) dye is added. The subject observes both text and a normal scene when wearing tinted trial lenses. A variety of trial lenses are compared including those that match the colorimeter setting and others with similar hue angle. Spectacle lenses are then tinted so as to have a spectral transmission identical to that of the chosen combination of trial lenses. Certain patients with reading disorders, eye-strain, headaches or photosensitivity epilepsy report benefit when wearing spectacles tinted according to the above techniques. The physiological basis for the therapeutic effects is uncertain, but may involve a selective impairment of luminance or colour-difference channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilkins
- MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, UK
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Holland K. The pharmaceutical industry: the true perspective. Pharm Hist (Lond) 1992; 22:3-4. [PMID: 11612797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Holland K. The pharmaceutical industry: the true perspective. Pharm Hist (Lond) 1992; 22:3-11. [PMID: 11612796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Abstract
Induced abortion data provided an estimate of 4.7% numerical chromosome anomalies for women with a clinically recognized pregnancy at the end of the 7th week after the last menstrual period (LMP). This frequency requires that 51.9% of spontaneous abortions occurring after the 7th week should be chromosomally abnormal if the frequency of numerical chromosome anomalies at term (live and stillbirths combined) is 0.53%. Cytogenetic data from surveys of spontaneous abortion suggested a lower incidence of 39.7%. However, this figure is likely to be an underestimate because chromosome anomalies are almost certainly over-represented among the many early abortuses which lack embryonic tissue and hence are not karyotyped. The frequency of numerical chromosome anomalies at conception, arising from meiotic errors, was estimated from sperm karyotype data combined with information on the relative frequencies of maternal and paternal errors in the aetiology of trisomies. This provided a minimum estimate of 20%.
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Barnass S, Holland K, Tabaqchali S. Vancomycin-resistant Corynebacterium species causing prosthetic valve endocarditis successfully treated with imipenem and ciprofloxacin. J Infect 1991; 22:161-9. [PMID: 2026890 DOI: 10.1016/0163-4453(91)91591-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endocarditis caused by a Corynebacterium sp. resistant to vancomycin, penicillin G, erythromycin, gentamicin and rifampicin arose in a 44-year-old woman 4 months after replacement of the mitral valve with a prosthesis. She was successfully treated with a 79-day course of intravenous imipenem and ciprofloxacin and replacement of the prosthesis 48 days after treatment began.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barnass
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, U.K
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Burgoyne PS, Evans EP, Holland K. XO monosomy is associated with reduced birthweight and lowered weight gain in the mouse. J Reprod Fertil 1983; 68:381-5. [PMID: 6864653 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0680381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The growth of XO mice and their XX sisters was followed from the day of birth up to 15 weeks post partum. XO mice were underweight at birth, and grew more slowly than XX mice in the preweaning period. Some, but not all, of this decrease in growth rate was attributable to an effect of the reduced birth weight.
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