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Dalton LM, Hills AP, Jayasinghe S, Strong K, Hyland P, Byrne NM. The Allied Health Expansion Program: Rethinking how to prepare a workforce to enable improved public health outcomes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1119726. [PMID: 36875373 PMCID: PMC9982750 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in global public health require universal health care supported by a health workforce with competencies appropriate for local population needs-the right capabilities, in the right place, and at the right time. Health inequities persist in Tasmania, and Australia more broadly, most notably for those people living in rural and remote areas. The article describes the curriculum design thinking approach being used to codesign and develop a connected system of education and training to target intergenerational change in the allied health (AH) workforce capacity in Tasmania, and beyond. A curriculum design thinking process is engaging AH participant groups (faculty, AH professionals, and leaders across health, education, aged and disability sectors) in a series of focus groups and workshops. The design process deals with four questions: What is? What if? What wows? and What works? It also involves Discover, Define, Develop and Deliver phases that continue to inform the development of the new suite of AH education programs. The British Design Council's Double Diamond model is used to organize and interpret stakeholder input. During the initial design thinking discover phase, stakeholders identified four overarching problems: rurality, workforce challenges, graduate skill set shortfalls, and clinical placements and supervision. These problems are described in terms of relevance to the contextual learning environment in which AH education innovation is occurring. The develop phase of design thinking continues to involve working collaboratively with stakeholders to codesign potential solutions. Solutions to date include AH advocacy, a transformative visionary curriculum, and an interprofessional community-based education model. In Tasmania, innovative educational innovations are catalyzing attention and investment in the effective preparation of AH professionals for practice to deliver improved public health outcomes. A suite of AH education that is deeply networked and engaged with Tasmanian communities is being developed to drive transformational public health outcomes. These programs are playing an important role in strengthening the supply of allied health professionals with the right capabilities for metropolitan, regional, rural, and remote Tasmania. They are situated in a broader AH education and training strategy that supports the ongoing development of the AH workforce to better meet the therapy needs of people in Tasmanian communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Dalton
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sisitha Jayasinghe
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Kendra Strong
- Department of Health, Tasmanian Government, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Paula Hyland
- Tasmanian Health Services, Department of Health, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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2
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Ho GWK, Liu H, Karatzias T, Hyland P, Cloitre M, Lueger-Schuster B, Brewin CR, Guo C, Wang X, Shevlin M. Validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA) in a Chinese mental health service seeking adolescent sample. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:66. [PMID: 35962396 PMCID: PMC9375312 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA) is a self-report measure that assesses posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on the diagnostic formulation of the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This study aimed to provide a Chinese translation and psychometric evaluation of the ITQ-CA using a sample of mental-health service seeking adolescents in Mainland China. METHODS The ITQ-CA was translated and back-translated from English to simplified Chinese and finalized with consensus from an expert panel. Adolescents ages 12-17 were recruited via convenience sampling from an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Mainland China. Participants completed the ITQ-CA; measures of four criterion variables (depression, anxiety, stress, adverse childhood experiences); and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Construct validity, concurrent validity, and comparison of PTSD caseness between ICD-11 and DSM-5 measures were assessed. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 111 Chinese adolescents (78% female; mean age of 15.23), all diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the two-factor second-order model provided optimal fit. All criterion variables were positively and significant correlated with the six ITQ-CA symptom cluster summed scores. In the present sample, 69 participants (62.16%) met symptom criteria for ICD-PTSD or CPTSD using the ITQ-CA, and 73 participants (65.77%) met caseness for DSM-5 PTSD using the PCL-5. Rates of PTSD symptom cluster endorsement and caseness deriving from both diagnostic systems were comparable. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese ITQ-CA has acceptable psychometric properties and confers additional benefits in identifying complex presentations of trauma-related responses in younger people seeking mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. W. K. Ho
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - H. Liu
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - T. Karatzias
- grid.20409.3f000000012348339XSchool of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK ,grid.39489.3f0000 0001 0388 0742Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P. Hyland
- grid.95004.380000 0000 9331 9029Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - M. Cloitre
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA ,grid.280747.e0000 0004 0419 2556National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - B. Lueger-Schuster
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C. R. Brewin
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - C. Guo
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - X. Wang
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XAnhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - M. Shevlin
- grid.12641.300000000105519715School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland
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3
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Hyland P, Shevlin M, McBride O, Murphy J, Karatzias T, Bentall RP, Martinez A, Vallières F. Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 142:249-256. [PMID: 32716520 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland resulted in a nationwide quarantine on March 27, 2020. This study represents the first assessment of rates of anxiety and depression in the general population of Ireland during the pandemic. AIMS Our first aim was to estimate the probable prevalence rates of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression and to identify sociodemographic risk factors associated with screening positive for GAD or depression. Our second aim was to determine if COVID-19 related anxiety was highest amongst those in society at greatest risk of morality from COVID-19. METHOD Self-report data were collected from a nationally representative Irish sample (N = 1041) online between March 31 and April 5; the first week of the nationwide quarantine measures. Recognized cut-off scores on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were used to estimate rates of GAD and depression. Correlates of screening positive for GAD or depression were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS GAD (20.0%), depression (22.8%) and GAD or depression (27.7%) was common. Screening positive for GAD or depression was associated with younger age, female sex, loss of income due to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection and higher perceived risk of COVID-19 infection. Citizens aged 65 and older had significantly higher levels of COVID-19 related anxiety than adults aged 18-34. CONCLUSIONS Initial results from this multi-wave study monitoring changes in population anxiety and depression throughout the pandemic indicate that GAD and depression were common experiences in the population during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Ulster, UK
| | - O McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Ulster, UK
| | - J Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Ulster, UK
| | - T Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - F Vallières
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Shevlin M, Hyland P, Ben-Ezra M, Karatzias T, Cloitre M, Vallières F, Bachem R, Maercker A. Measuring ICD-11 adjustment disorder: the development and initial validation of the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 141:265-274. [PMID: 31721147 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjustment disorder (AjD) is one of the most frequently used diagnoses in psychiatry but a diagnostic definition for AjD was only introduced in release of the ICD-11. This study sought to develop and validate a new measure operationalizing the ICD-11's narrative description of AjD, and to determine the current rate of people meeting the symptoms indicative of AjD in the general population of the Republic of Ireland. METHODS The International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) was constructed to measure the core diagnostic criteria of ICD-11 AjD: stressor exposure, preoccupations with, and failure to adapt to, the stressor, timing of symptom onset, and functional impairment. A nationally representative sample (N = 1,020) of adults from Ireland completed the IADQ. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis supported construct validity and the reliability estimates were excellent. The IADQ correlated strongly with depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. The criteria were met by 7.0% of the sample, adjusted for other exclusionary disorders. DISCUSSION The IADQ is a measure based on the ICD-11's description and produces reliable scores, however it should not be used for clinical assessment until validated with clinical interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - P Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - M Ben-Ezra
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - T Karatzias
- NHS Lothian, Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F Vallières
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Bachem
- School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Maercker
- Department of Psychology, Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Vallières F, Ceannt R, Daccache F, Abou Daher R, Sleiman J, Gilmore B, Byrne S, Shevlin M, Murphy J, Hyland P. ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD amongst Syrian refugees in Lebanon: the factor structure and the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 138:547-557. [PMID: 30357808 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Support for ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) is growing; however, few studies include refugees or examine the clinical utility of PTSD/CPTSD classifications. This study sought to provide the first evaluations of (i) the factor structure of ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD amongst refugees in the Middle East; and (ii) the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) to identify PTSD/CPTSD in a humanitarian context. METHOD Participants were 112 treatment-seeking Syrian refugees living in Lebanon. Factorial validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on responses to the ITQ. Clinical utility of the ITQ was assessed through semi-structured interviews with six Lebanese psychotherapists. RESULTS Complex PTSD (36.1%) was more common than PTSD (25.2%), and no sex or age differences were observed at the prevalence or symptomatic levels. CFA results supported a two-factor higher-order model consistent with ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD. Qualitative findings indicated that the ITQ is generally positively regarded, with some limitations and suggested modifications noted. CONCLUSION This is the first study to support the ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD amongst refugees in the Middle East and the clinical utility of the ITQ in a humanitarian context. Findings support the growing evidence for the cross-cultural applicability of ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vallières
- Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2.,School of Psychology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Ceannt
- Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2
| | - F Daccache
- International Medical Corps Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Abou Daher
- International Medical Corps Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - J Sleiman
- International Medical Corps Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - B Gilmore
- Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2.,School of Psychology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Byrne
- School of Psychology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M Shevlin
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - J Murphy
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - P Hyland
- Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2.,School of Business, International Financial Services Centre, National College of Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland
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6
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Cloitre M, Shevlin M, Brewin CR, Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Maercker A, Karatzias T, Hyland P. The International Trauma Questionnaire: development of a self-report measure of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 138:536-546. [PMID: 30178492 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to finalize the development of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), a self-report diagnostic measure of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD), as defined in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). METHOD The optimal symptom indicators of PTSD and CPTSD were identified by applying item response theory (IRT) analysis to data from a trauma-exposed community sample (n = 1051) and a trauma-exposed clinical sample (n = 247) from the United Kingdom. The validity of the optimized 12-item ITQ was assessed with confirmatory factor analyses. Diagnostic rates were estimated and compared to previous validation studies. RESULTS The latent structure of the 12-item, optimized ITQ was consistent with prior findings, and diagnostic rates of PTSD and CPTSD were in line with previous estimates. CONCLUSION The ITQ is a brief, simply worded measure of the core features of PTSD and CPTSD. It is consistent with the organizing principles of the ICD-11 to maximize clinical utility and international applicability through a focus on a limited but central set of symptoms. The measure is freely available and can be found in the body of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland
| | - C R Brewin
- Clinical Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J I Bisson
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N P Roberts
- Psychology and Psychological Therapies Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.,Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Maercker
- Department of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Karatzias
- Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Hyland
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Hyland P, Raymond E, Chong E. A direct-to-patient telemedicine abortion service in Australia: Retrospective analysis of the first 18 months. Contraception 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Shevlin M, Hyland P, Vallières F, Bisson J, Makhashvili N, Javakhishvili J, Shpiker M, Roberts B. A comparison of DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD prevalence, comorbidity and disability: an analysis of the Ukrainian Internally Displaced Person's Mental Health Survey. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 137:138-147. [PMID: 29210054 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) and the World Health Organization (ICD-11) have both revised their formulation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The primary aim of this study was to compare DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD prevalence and comorbidity rates, as well as the level of disability associated with each diagnosis. METHOD This study was based on a representative sample of adult Ukrainian internally displaced persons (IDPs: N = 2203). Post-traumatic stress disorder prevalence was assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and the International Trauma Questionnaire (ICD-11). Anxiety and depression were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-Depression. Disability was measured using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. RESULTS The prevalence of DSM-5 PTSD (27.4%) was significantly higher than ICD-11 PTSD (21.0%), and PTSD rates for females were significantly higher using both criteria. ICD-11 PTSD was associated with significantly higher levels of disability and comorbidity. CONCLUSION The ICD-11 diagnosis of PTSD appears to be particularly well suited to identifying those with clinically relevant levels of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shevlin
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - P Hyland
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Vallières
- Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Bisson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Makhashvili
- Global Initiative on Psychiatry, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - J Javakhishvili
- Global Initiative on Psychiatry, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M Shpiker
- Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS), Kiev, Ukraine
| | - B Roberts
- ECOHOST-The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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9
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Hyland P, Shevlin M, Brewin CR, Cloitre M, Downes AJ, Jumbe S, Karatzias T, Bisson JI, Roberts NP. Validation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:313-322. [PMID: 28696531 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) has proposed two related trauma diagnoses: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). Using a newly developed, disorder-specific measure of PTSD and CPTSD called the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) the current study will (i) assess the factorial validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD; (ii) provide the first test of the discriminant validity of these constructs; and (iii) provide the first comparison of ICD-11, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), PTSD diagnostic rates using disorder-specific measures. METHOD ICD-11 and DSM-5 PTSD-specific measures were completed by a British clinical sample of trauma-exposed patients (N = 171). The structure and validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD were assessed by means of factor analysis and assessing relationships with criterion variables. RESULTS Diagnostic rates under ICD-11 were significantly lower than those under DSM-5. A two-factor second-order model reflecting the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD best represented the data from the ITQ; and the PTSD and CPTSD factors differentially predicted multiple psychological variables. CONCLUSION The factorial and discriminant validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD was supported, and ICD-11 produces fewer diagnostic cases than DSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hyland
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, UK
| | - C R Brewin
- Clinical Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Cloitre
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - A J Downes
- St Mark's Dee View Surgery, Betsi Cadwaldr Health Board, Connah's Quay, UK
| | - S Jumbe
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, Research Design Service London, London, UK
| | - T Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.,Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J I Bisson
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N P Roberts
- Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
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10
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Shevlin M, Hyland P, Karatzias T, Fyvie C, Roberts N, Bisson JI, Brewin CR, Cloitre M. Alternative models of disorders of traumatic stress based on the new ICD-11 proposals. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 135:419-428. [PMID: 28134442 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there is emerging evidence for the factorial validity of the distinction between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) proposed in ICD-11, such evidence has been predominantly based on using selected items from individual scales that describe these factors. We have attempted to address this gap in the literature by testing a range of alternative models of disorders of traumatic stress using a broader range of symptoms and standardized measures. METHOD Participants in this cross-sectional study were a sample of individuals who were referred for psychological therapy to a National Health Service (NHS) trauma centre in Scotland (N = 195). Participants were recruited over a period of 18 months and completed measures of stressful life events, DSM-5 PTSD, emotion dysregulation, self-esteem and interpersonal difficulties. RESULTS Overall, results indicate that a structural model incorporating six first-order factors (re-experiencing, avoidance of traumatic reminders, sense of threat, affective dysregulation, negative self-concept and disturbances in relationships) and two second-order factors (PTSD and disturbances in self-organization [DSO]) was the best fitting. The model presented with good concurrent validity. Childhood trauma was found to be more strongly associated with DSO than with PTSD. CONCLUSION Our results are in support of the ICD-11 proposals for PTSD and CPTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, UK
| | - P Hyland
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.,Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Fyvie
- Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Roberts
- Psychology and Counselling Directorate, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - J I Bisson
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C R Brewin
- Clinical, Education & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Cloitre
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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11
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Maguire R, Hanly P, Hyland P, Sharp L. Understanding burden in caregivers of colorectal cancer survivors: what role do patient and caregiver factors play? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 27. [PMID: 27271848 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how both caregiver and patient factors predict different aspects of burden in colorectal cancer caregivers. One hundred and fifty-three caregiver-survivor dyads separately provided information on patient disease and treatment-related factors, and perceived global health status (EORTC QLQ30), along with caregiver socio-demographic factors, health and care-related activities. Four multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the influence of caregiver characteristics, patient characteristics and care-related activities on four dimensions of burden from the Caregiver Reaction Assessment scale. Caregiver characteristics significantly predicted health and financial burden (11%-13% of explained variance) with comorbidity and younger age increasing this risk. Patient health, in particular global health status and the presence of a stoma, predicted all burden scores, explaining 14%-22% of variance. Care-related activities was also a significant predictor of all burden scores, explaining an additional 5%-11% of variance, with time involved in caring the most consistent predictor. Results highlight that a combination of factors influence caregiver burden. These results may be used to identify those most at risk, allowing practitioners to deliver tailored effective support. In particular, efforts to alleviate the burden of caring on caregiver schedule may be merited, given that this was the domain in which the burden was greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maguire
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Hanly
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Hyland
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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12
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Mulvaney E, O'Sullivan A, Hyland P, Kinsella B. Interaction of the Protein Kinase C‐related Kinases with the TPα and TPβ isoforms of the T Prostanoid Receptor: Role in Thromboxane‐induced Neoplastic Responses. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.934.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B Kinsella
- SBBS University College DublinDublinIreland
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13
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Hanly P, Maguire R, Hyland P, Sharp L. Carer Perceived Burden as a Predictor of Health-Related Quality of Life: The Case of Colorectal Cancer. Value Health 2014; 17:A650. [PMID: 27202346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Hanly
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Maguire
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Hyland
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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14
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Maguire R, Hanly P, Hyland P, Sharp L. Understanding Caregiver Burden in Colorectal Cancer: What Role Do Patient And Carer Factors Play? Value Health 2014; 17:A660. [PMID: 27202400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Maguire
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Hanly
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Hyland
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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15
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P. A. R. Ade TPC, Akiba Y, Anthony AE, Arnold K, Atlas M, Barron D, Boettger D, Borrill J, Chapman S, Chinone Y, Dobbs M, Elleflot T, Errard J, Fabbian G, Feng C, Flanigan D, Gilbert A, Grainger W, Halverson NW, Hasegawa M, Hattori K, Hazumi M, Holzapfel WL, Hori Y, Howard J, Hyland P, Inoue Y, Jaehnig GC, Jaffe AH, Keating B, Kermish Z, Keskitalo R, Kisner T, Le Jeune M, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Linder E, Lungu M, Matsuda F, Matsumura T, Meng X, Miller NJ, Morii H, Moyerman S, Myers MJ, Navaroli M, Nishino H, Orlando A, Paar H, Peloton J, Poletti D, Quealy E, Rebeiz G, Reichardt CL, Richards PL, Ross C, Schanning I, Schenck DE, Sherwin BD, Shimizu A, Shimmin C, Shimon M, Siritanasak P, Smecher G, Spieler H, Stebor N, Steinbach B, Stompor R, Suzuki A, Takakura S, Tomaru T, Wilson B, Yadav A, Zahn O. A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUNDB-MODE POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRUM AT SUB-DEGREE SCALES WITH POLARBEAR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/794/2/171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Shi J, Yang XR, Ballew B, Rotunno M, Calista D, Fargnoli MC, Ghiorzo P, Paillerets BBD, Nagore E, Hua X, Hyland P, Yin J, Vallabhaneni H, Chai W, Ravichandran S, Eggermont A, Lathrop M, Peris K, Bianchi-Scarra G, Landi G, Savage S, Sampson J, He J, Yeager M, Goldin L, Demenais F, Chanock S, Tucker M, Goldstein A, Liu Y, Landi MT. Abstract 941: Exome sequencing identified POT1, a telomere shelterin gene, as a major susceptibility gene for familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Approximately 10% of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) cases occur in a familial setting and known high-penetrance melanoma susceptibility genes (CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, and TERT) account for melanoma susceptibility in a small proportion of melanoma-prone families. To identify additional high-penetrance susceptibility genes for familial CMM, we performed whole exome sequencing in 101 CMM cases/obligate carriers in 56 unrelated melanoma-prone families recruited from the Romagna area in Italy. We identified a germline founder mutation in Protection Of Telomeres 1(POT1) (g.7:124493086 C>T, p.S270N) in five unrelated melanoma-prone families. The mutation was also found in a single sporadic CMM case from Romagna out of 1,824 Italian cases examined, but it was not seen in public databases, our internal exome databases of over 1000 subjects, and 878 Spanish CMM cases and 3,489 controls (2,038 Italian and 1,451Spanish) genotyped. POT1 is a component of the telomeric shelterin complex that plays a critical role in maintaining telomere integrity and regulating telomere length. The p.S270N mutation is highly conserved among vertebrates and predicted to be deleterious by most computational programs we evaluated. Carriers of the p.S270N mutation had increased length and heterogeneity as well as increased average number of fragile telomeres in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA compared to age-matched CMM cases (controls) without the mutation. Exome sequencing analysis of Italian families also identified two other rare missense substitutions in POT1 (g.7:124464052 C>G [p.Q623H] and g.7:124503540 C>T [p.R137H]) that were found in all cases sequenced in two families. Both missense mutations are absent from public databases and 3,489 genotyped controls, and are predicted to be deleterious by most algorithms. The carriers of these two mutations showed slightly but significantly increased telomere intensity signals and telomere fragility in PBMCs compared to age-matched controls. We further sequenced POT1 exons in 768 CMM cases and 768 controls collected from Italy and we found that CMM cases showed a significant increase in the burden of rare exonic variants compared to controls (OR=5.4, 95% CI=1.5-29.2, P=0.0021). Subsequently, we identified two novel recurrent germline missense mutations in POT1 (g.7:124499043 C>T, p.D224N and g.7:124469308 C>G, p.A532P) in American and French familial melanoma cases. Our findings suggest that POT1 is a major susceptibility gene for familial melanoma in several populations and that genes involved in telomere maintenance may play important roles in melanoma development.
Citation Format: Jianxin Shi, Xiaohong R. Yang, Bari Ballew, Melissa Rotunno, Donato Calista, Maria C. Fargnoli, Paola Ghiorzo, Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets, Eduardo Nagore, NCI DCEG Cancer Sequencing Working Group, Xing Hua, Paula Hyland, Jinhu Yin, Haritha Vallabhaneni, Weihang Chai, Sarangan Ravichandran, Alexander Eggermont, Mark Lathrop, Ketty Peris, Giovanna Bianchi-Scarra, Giorgio Landi, Sharon Savage, Joshua Sampson, Ji He, Meredith Yeager, Lynn Goldin, Florence Demenais, Stephen Chanock, Margaret Tucker, Alisa Goldstein, Yie Liu, Maria T. Landi. Exome sequencing identified POT1, a telomere shelterin gene, as a major susceptibility gene for familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 941. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-941
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ji He
- 9NCI/NIH/DHHS, Frederick, MD
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17
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Shi J, Marconett C, Duan J, Hyland P, Li P, Wang Z, Wheeler W, Campan M, Huang J, Zhou W, Triche T, Amundadottir L, Hutchinson A, Chen PH, Zhou B, Chung B, Bertazzi PA, Bergen AW, Freedman M, Lee D, Siegmund K, Warner AC, Berman B, Pesatori AC, Borok Z, Consonni D, Chatterjee N, Tucker M, Caporaso N, Chanock SJ, Laird-Offringa IA, Landi MT. Abstract 287: Characterizing the genetic basis of methylome diversity in histologically normal human lung tissue. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The genetic regulation of the human epigenome is not fully appreciated. Here we describe the effects of genetic variants on the DNA methylome in human lung based on methylation-quantitative trait loci (meQTL) analyses. We report 34,304 cis- and 585 trans-meQTLs, a genetic-epigenetic interaction of surprising magnitude, including a regulatory hotspot. These findings are replicated in both breast and kidney tissues and show distinct patterns: cis-meQTLs mostly localize to CpG sites outside of genes, promoters, and CpG islands (CGIs) while trans-meQTLs are over-represented in promoter CGIs. meQTL SNPs are enriched in CTCF binding sites, DNaseI hypersensitivity regions and histone marks. Importantly, 4 of the 5 established lung cancer risk loci in European ancestry are cis-meQTLs and, in aggregate, cis-meQTLs are enriched for lung cancer risk in a genome-wide analysis of 11,587 subjects. Thus, inherited genetic variation may affect lung carcinogenesis by regulating the human methylome.
Citation Format: Jianxin Shi, Crystal Marconett, Jubao Duan, Paula Hyland, Peng Li, Zhaoming Wang, William Wheeler, Mihaela Campan, Jing Huang, Weiyin Zhou, Tim Triche, Laufey Amundadottir, Amy Hutchinson, Po-Han Chen, Beiyun Zhou, Brian Chung, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Andrew W. Bergen, Mathew Freedman, Diane Lee, Kim Siegmund, Andrew Clay Warner, Ben Berman, Angela C. Pesatori, Zea Borok, Dario Consonni, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Margaret Tucker, Neil Caporaso, Stephen J. Chanock, Ite A. Laird-Offringa, Maria Teresa Landi. Characterizing the genetic basis of methylome diversity in histologically normal human lung tissue. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 287. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-287
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Li
- 1National Cancer Insititute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Jing Huang
- 1National Cancer Insititute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Tim Triche
- 2University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Po-Han Chen
- 2University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- 2University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian Chung
- 2University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Diane Lee
- 2University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kim Siegmund
- 2University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Ben Berman
- 2University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Zea Borok
- 2University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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18
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Ade PAR, Akiba Y, Anthony AE, Arnold K, Atlas M, Barron D, Boettger D, Borrill J, Chapman S, Chinone Y, Dobbs M, Elleflot T, Errard J, Fabbian G, Feng C, Flanigan D, Gilbert A, Grainger W, Halverson NW, Hasegawa M, Hattori K, Hazumi M, Holzapfel WL, Hori Y, Howard J, Hyland P, Inoue Y, Jaehnig GC, Jaffe A, Keating B, Kermish Z, Keskitalo R, Kisner T, Le Jeune M, Lee AT, Linder E, Leitch EM, Lungu M, Matsuda F, Matsumura T, Meng X, Miller NJ, Morii H, Moyerman S, Myers MJ, Navaroli M, Nishino H, Paar H, Peloton J, Quealy E, Rebeiz G, Reichardt CL, Richards PL, Ross C, Schanning I, Schenck DE, Sherwin B, Shimizu A, Shimmin C, Shimon M, Siritanasak P, Smecher G, Spieler H, Stebor N, Steinbach B, Stompor R, Suzuki A, Takakura S, Tomaru T, Wilson B, Yadav A, Zahn O. Measurement of the cosmic microwave background polarization lensing power spectrum with the POLARBEAR experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:021301. [PMID: 25062161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.021301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gravitational lensing due to the large-scale distribution of matter in the cosmos distorts the primordial cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby induces new, small-scale B-mode polarization. This signal carries detailed information about the distribution of all the gravitating matter between the observer and CMB last scattering surface. We report the first direct evidence for polarization lensing based on purely CMB information, from using the four-point correlations of even- and odd-parity E- and B-mode polarization mapped over ∼30 square degrees of the sky measured by the POLARBEAR experiment. These data were analyzed using a blind analysis framework and checked for spurious systematic contamination using null tests and simulations. Evidence for the signal of polarization lensing and lensing B modes is found at 4.2σ (stat+sys) significance. The amplitude of matter fluctuations is measured with a precision of 27%, and is found to be consistent with the Lambda cold dark matter cosmological model. This measurement demonstrates a new technique, capable of mapping all gravitating matter in the Universe, sensitive to the sum of neutrino masses, and essential for cleaning the lensing B-mode signal in searches for primordial gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Akiba
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - A E Anthony
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K Arnold
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - M Atlas
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Barron
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Boettger
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Borrill
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Chapman
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Y Chinone
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Dobbs
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - T Elleflot
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Errard
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Fabbian
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France and International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34014, Italy
| | - C Feng
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Flanigan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Gilbert
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - W Grainger
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Swindon SN2 1SZ, United Kingdom
| | - N W Halverson
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M Hasegawa
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Hattori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Hazumi
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - W L Holzapfel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Hori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - J Howard
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - P Hyland
- Physics Department, Austin College, Sherman, Texas 75090, USA
| | - Y Inoue
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - G C Jaehnig
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Jaffe
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - Z Kermish
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Keskitalo
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - T Kisner
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Le Jeune
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - A T Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - E Linder
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Lungu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Matsuda
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - T Matsumura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - X Meng
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N J Miller
- Observational Cosmology Laboratory, Code 665, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - H Morii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Moyerman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - M J Myers
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Navaroli
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - H Nishino
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - H Paar
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Peloton
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - E Quealy
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Physics Department, Napa Valley College, Napa, California 94558, USA
| | - G Rebeiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - C L Reichardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P L Richards
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ross
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - I Schanning
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D E Schenck
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - B Sherwin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Shimizu
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - C Shimmin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Shimon
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA and School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Siritanasak
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - G Smecher
- Three-Speed Logic, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia V6A 2J8, Canada
| | - H Spieler
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - N Stebor
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - B Steinbach
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Stompor
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Takakura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Tomaru
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - B Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - A Yadav
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - O Zahn
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
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19
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Ade PAR, Akiba Y, Anthony AE, Arnold K, Atlas M, Barron D, Boettger D, Borrill J, Borys C, Chapman S, Chinone Y, Dobbs M, Elleflot T, Errard J, Fabbian G, Feng C, Flanigan D, Gilbert A, Grainger W, Halverson NW, Hasegawa M, Hattori K, Hazumi M, Holzapfel WL, Hori Y, Howard J, Hyland P, Inoue Y, Jaehnig GC, Jaffe A, Keating B, Kermish Z, Keskitalo R, Kisner T, Le Jeune M, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Linder E, Lungu M, Matsuda F, Matsumura T, Meng X, Miller NJ, Morii H, Moyerman S, Myers MJ, Navaroli M, Nishino H, Paar H, Peloton J, Poletti D, Quealy E, Rebeiz G, Reichardt CL, Richards PL, Ross C, Rotermund K, Schanning I, Schenck DE, Sherwin BD, Shimizu A, Shimmin C, Shimon M, Siritanasak P, Smecher G, Spieler H, Stebor N, Steinbach B, Stompor R, Suzuki A, Takakura S, Tikhomirov A, Tomaru T, Wilson B, Yadav A, Zahn O. Evidence for gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background polarization from cross-correlation with the cosmic infrared background. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:131302. [PMID: 24745402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.131302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We reconstruct the gravitational lensing convergence signal from cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization data taken by the Polarbear experiment and cross-correlate it with cosmic infrared background maps from the Herschel satellite. From the cross spectra, we obtain evidence for gravitational lensing of the CMB polarization at a statistical significance of 4.0σ and indication of the presence of a lensing B-mode signal at a significance of 2.3σ. We demonstrate that our results are not biased by instrumental and astrophysical systematic errors by performing null tests, checks with simulated and real data, and analytical calculations. This measurement of polarization lensing, made via the robust cross-correlation channel, not only reinforces POLARBEAR auto-correlation measurements, but also represents one of the early steps towards establishing CMB polarization lensing as a powerful new probe of cosmology and astrophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Akiba
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - A E Anthony
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - K Arnold
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - M Atlas
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Barron
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Boettger
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Borrill
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Borys
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - S Chapman
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Y Chinone
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Dobbs
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - T Elleflot
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Errard
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G Fabbian
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France and International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34014, Italy
| | - C Feng
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Flanigan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A Gilbert
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - W Grainger
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Swindon, SN2 1SZ, United Kingdom
| | - N W Halverson
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - M Hasegawa
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Hattori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Hazumi
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - W L Holzapfel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Y Hori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - J Howard
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - P Hyland
- Physics Department, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090, USA
| | - Y Inoue
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - G C Jaehnig
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - A Jaffe
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - Z Kermish
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - R Keskitalo
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - T Kisner
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Le Jeune
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - A T Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - E Linder
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Lungu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F Matsuda
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - T Matsumura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - X Meng
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - N J Miller
- Observational Cosmology Laboratory, Code 665, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - H Morii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Moyerman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - M J Myers
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Navaroli
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - H Nishino
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - H Paar
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Peloton
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - D Poletti
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - E Quealy
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Department, Napa Valley College, Napa, CA 94558, USA
| | - G Rebeiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - C L Reichardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P L Richards
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Ross
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - K Rotermund
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - I Schanning
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - D E Schenck
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - B D Sherwin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Shimizu
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - C Shimmin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Shimon
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA and School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Siritanasak
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - G Smecher
- Three-Speed Logic, Inc., Vancouver, B.C., V6A 2J8, Canada
| | - H Spieler
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - N Stebor
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - B Steinbach
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R Stompor
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S Takakura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - A Tikhomirov
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - T Tomaru
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - B Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - A Yadav
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - O Zahn
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Lin SW, Freedman ND, Taylor PR, Qiao YL, Abnet CC, Hyland P, Hu N, Fan JH, Yu K, Dawsey SM, Wheeler B, Ding T, Tang ZZ. Abstract A59: Selenoprotein gene variants and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.prev-11-a59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: Observational studies and intervention trials suggest that selenium has potential cancer prevention properties. We previously found that selenium supplementation reduces cancer mortality, particularly gastric cancer mortality, in a high-risk region in China, and that low serum selenium concentration is associated with increased risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). In humans, selenium may exert chemopreventive actions through the 25 known selenoproteins, which contain residues of selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid. Therefore, genetic variants in selenoprotein genes may influence susceptibility to ESCC and GCA, yet no previous studies have comprehensively investigated these potential associations. Thus, we examined the association between genetic variants in selenoprotein and selenium metabolism genes and risks of ESCC and GCA.
Methods: We included 1027 ESCC and 753 GCA cases plus 1452 controls from two epidemiologic studies in the high-risk region in China. We genotyped 272 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in all 25 known selenoprotein genes and 4 selenium metabolism genes. For each gene, we calculated a standardized summary p-value using the adaptive rank truncated product (ARTP) method. For SNPs, logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: In gene-based tests, the selenoprotein gene SELS (selenoprotein S) was associated with ESCC risk (p=0.00070); TXNRD2 (thioredoxin reductase 2) showed borderline non-significant associations with both ESCC (p=0.063) and GCA (p=0.051). In SNP-based tests for these two genes, rs8029790 (tagged to SELS in the upstream noncoding region) was associated with a 1.30-fold increased risk of ESCC (CI=1.14, 1.47; p=0.000052), whereas rs2073750 (tagged to intron in TXNRD2) was associated with risks of both ESCC (OR=0.84, CI=0.74, 0.94; p=0.0029) and GCA (OR=0.82, CI=0.72, 0.93; p=0.0026).
Conclusions: The potential anticarcinogenic properties of selenium may be due to its presence as the amino acid selenocysteine in human selenoproteins. The association of SNPs in selenoprotein genes SELS and TXNRD2 with ESCC and GCA risk suggests that selenium and these selenoproteins may play an important role in cancer development. Our findings warrant further research on elucidating the functional effects of these SNPs on selenoproteins in the context of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) carcinogenesis so that we can better understand the role of selenium supplementation in cancer prevention.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A59.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - You-Lin Qiao
- 2Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Nan Hu
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- 2Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Bill Wheeler
- 3Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, MD
| | - Ti Ding
- 4Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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21
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Murray B, McGuinness N, Biagioni P, Hyland P, Lamey PJ. A comparative study of the efficacy of AphthealTM in the management of recurrent minor aphthous ulceration. J Oral Pathol Med 2005; 34:413-9. [PMID: 16011610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2005.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent minor aphthous ulceration (RAU) is a common condition which is multifactorial in origin. METHODS This study, firstly, aimed to treat the prodromal stage of RAU with Aphtheal (5% amlexanox paste) to determine if ulcer development could be prevented. A second arm of the study investigated treatment of RAU with Aphtheal once ulceration had developed. Ulcer duration, ulcer size and associated pain were measured. Both groups of subjects had previously undergone a no-treatment run-in period to establish these parameters over an untreated episode of ulceration. RESULTS By day 3, only 35% of the prodromal group had developed an ulcer compared with 97% of the ulcer group (P < 0.001). In the treated ulcer group only 66% had an ulcer present by day 3. Treatment at the onset of prodromal symptoms reduced the maximum ulcer size score by 84% (P < 0.01), extent of ulceration by 88% (P < 0.01), maximum pain score by 69% (P < 0.01) and extent of pain by 85% (P < 0.01) compared to no treatment. CONCLUSION Treatment with Aphtheal at the onset of prodromal RAU symptoms can prevent progression to ulcer development and significantly reduced symptoms if ulcers do develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Murray
- The Oral Science Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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22
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Griffin DK, Hyland P, Tempest HG, Homa ST. Safety issues in assisted reproduction technology: Should men undergoing ICSI be screened for chromosome abnormalities in their sperm? Hum Reprod 2003; 18:229-35. [PMID: 12571154 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deg044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of aneuploidy in gametes of men undergoing ICSI has raised the prospect of there being risks associated with ICSI and the question of whether or not to screen men for sperm aneuploidy before treatment. We report results of a questionnaire undertaken to address how IVF staff perceive this problem, whether ICSI men are already being screened for sperm aneuploidy and the extent to which IVF specialists feel that there is merit in such a test. The results suggest that this is seen as a problem but most feel the risks outweigh the benefits. Most claimed their clinics do not screen sperm for aneuploidy but feel that there is merit in doing so. There are considerable benefits to screening i.e. couples would get additional information about the genetic repercussions of ICSI and could make informed decisions before treatment; screening would also facilitate the design of a large research study to give clearer answers on the safety of ICSI. However, we acknowledge counter arguments i.e. families would not necessarily benefit as most would have the ICSI procedure regardless of screen results; sex chromosome trisomies clinically are not severe enough to worry about in this context and there are other potential risks of ICSI that screening would not address.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Griffin
- Cell and Chromosome Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoring systems to evaluate children's human drawings for intellectual maturity have been found to have good intra- and inter-scorer reliability. However, there is some evidence (McCarthy, 1944) that such scores may not be stable over time. AIM The aim of the study was to investigate raters and occasions as potential sources of error in children's Draw-a-Person scores using generalisability and classical test theory. SAMPLE The sample consisted of 85 school children (45 girls and 40 boys) aged between 8 years 1 month to 9 years and 7 months. METHOD The Koppitz Draw-A-Person (1968) test was administered as a class test on two occasions with exactly a two-week interval between the occasions. All the children's drawings were scored by the same four raters. RESULTS Generalisability analyses of the Koppitz scores indicated that the variance components for raters and its interaction with both persons and occasions were very small, suggesting that very little measurement error was associated with the raters. However, the estimated variance component for the interaction of persons by occasions was substantial. With four raters and two occasions the generalisability coefficient was .47. These results were consistent with the classical test theory analysis which indicated generally high inter-rater reliabilities but a low test-retest reliability, based on a composite of the four raters. CONCLUSION If satisfactory levels of reliability/generalisability are to be achieved with the Koppitz scoring system children have to be tested on several occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rae
- School of Psychology and Communication, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA.
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Hyland P, Barnett C, Pawelec G, Barnett Y. Age-related accumulation of oxidative DNA damage and alterations in levels of p16(INK4a/CDKN2a), p21(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1) and p27(KIP1) in human CD4+ T cell clones in vitro. Mech Ageing Dev 2001; 122:1151-67. [PMID: 11389930 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(01)00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
T cells in vivo have been shown to accumulate DNA damage with age. To investigate the effects of DNA damage on T cell biology we have utilised an in vitro human CD4+ T cell clone model. Levels and types of DNA damage were determined in 11 independent T cell clones as a function of their in vitro lifespan. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced DNA damage with increasing age were found in all clones analysed using a modified alkaline comet assay. T cell clones underwent apoptosis at the end of their lifespans. There were no consistent changes in the mRNA levels for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p16, p21, and p27 during the clones' lifespans. It appears that the increased levels of ROS induced DNA damage in the T cells is not the major trigger of apoptosis, via the p53/p21 pathway. In addition, at the end of their lifespans, the T cell clones did not display the CKI phenotype reported for senescent cells (an increase in p16 and p21 levels). Thus, while the T cell clones appear sensitive to ROS-induced DNA damage, the molecular mechanisms through which this influences T cell dysfunction with age remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hyland
- Cancer and Ageing Research Group, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, Coleraine, UK
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Hyland P, Duggan O, Hipkiss A, Barnett C, Barnett Y. The effects of carnosine on oxidative DNA damage levels and in vitro lifespan in human peripheral blood derived CD4+T cell clones. Mech Ageing Dev 2000; 121:203-15. [PMID: 11164474 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), an abundant naturally-occurring dipeptide has been shown to exhibit anti-ageing properties towards cultured cells, possibly due in part to its antioxidant/free radical scavenging abilities. In this paper the results of an investigation on the effects of carnosine, at the physiological concentration of 20 mM, on oxidative DNA damage levels and in vitro lifespan in peripheral blood derived human CD4+ T cell clones are reported. Under the culture conditions used (20% O(2)) long term culture with carnosine resulted in a significant increase in the lifespan of a clone derived from a healthy young subject. No such extension was observed when a T cell clone from a healthy old SENIEUR donor was similarly cultured. Culture with carnosine from the midpoint of each clone's lifespan did not have any effect on longevity, independent of donor age. Oxidative DNA damage levels were measured in the clones at various points in their lifespans. Carnosine acted as a weak antioxidant, with levels of oxidative DNA damage being lower in T cells grown long term in the presence of carnosine. The possibility that carnosine might confer anti-ageing effects to T cells under physiological oxygen tensions would appear to be worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hyland
- Cancer and Ageing Research Group, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, Coleraine, UK
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Abstract
Despite the widespread chronic use of furosemide in the clinical management of a variety of fluid and electrolyte disorders in human infants, the physiological responses to furosemide in the newborn after chronic furosemide treatment are not known. The present experiments were conducted to determine the effects of chronic furosemide treatment on renal responses to acute furosemide challenge in conscious, chronically instrumented lambs. Experiments were carried out on day 1 (before chronic treatment) and on day 7 (after chronic treatment) in lambs given intravenous injections of either furosemide (1 mg/kg per 12 h for 5 days, n=9) or vehicle (0 mg/kg per 12 h for 5 days, n=4). Furosemide-treated animals responded to acute furosemide challenge on day 7 with attenuation of natriuresis and diuresis, and augmentation of kaliuresis compared with responses on day 1. Baseline renin production was elevated, although the renin response to furosemide was similar in chronic furosemide-treated and vehicle-treated lambs. Baseline aldosterone levels were not altered by chronic furosemide treatment, but the aldosterone response to acute furosemide injection was decreased after chronic furosemide treatment. Therefore, chronic furosemide treatment alters renal responses to furosemide in conscious lambs, and alters the aldosterone response to acute furosemide challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Smith
- Department of Physiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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27
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Willis A, Hyland P, Lamey PJ. Response to replacement iron therapy in sideropenic individuals with recrudescent herpes labialis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19:355-7. [PMID: 10898136 DOI: 10.1007/s100960050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of iron replacement on the incidence of recurrent herpes labialis and serum ferritin levels in patients with sideropenia. Ten patients with diagnosed sideropenia and a history of recrudescent herpes labialis were prescribed ferrous sulphate for a period of 3 months. Patients were questioned on the number of episodes of recrudescent herpes labialis that developed per month before treatment and the number of episodes of recrudescent herpes labialis that developed per month after the commencement of replacement iron therapy and during the follow-up period. All blood samples were collected by venipuncture for assay of ferritin levels. Serum ferritin levels were significantly increased compared to pretreatment levels (P<0.05). The number of monthly episodes of recrudescent herpes labialis was reduced from 0.78 to 0.2 episodes per month following treatment (P<0.05). The findings of this study suggest that iron replacement therapy should be further studied as a treatment option in sideropenic individuals with frequent recurrences of recrudescent herpes labialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Willis
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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