1
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Spadafora M, Sannino P, Mansi L, Mainolfi C, Capasso R, Di Giorgio E, Fiordoro S, Imbimbo S, Masone F, Evangelista L. Algorithm for Reducing Overall Biological Detriment Caused by PET/CT: an Age-Based Study. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 57:137-144. [PMID: 37181801 PMCID: PMC10172419 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-023-00788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is to use a simple algorithm based on patient's age to reduce the overall biological detriment associated with PET/CT. Materials and Methods A total of 421 consecutive patients (mean age 64 ± 14 years) undergoing PET for various clinical indications were enrolled. For each scan, effective dose (ED in mSv) and additional cancer risk (ACR) were computed both in a reference condition (REF) and after applying an original algorithm (ALGO). The ALGO modified the mean dose of FDG and the PET scan time parameters; indeed, a lower dose and a longer scan time were reported in the younger, while a higher dose and a shorter scan time in the older patients. Moreover, patients were classified by age bracket (18-29, 30-60, and 61-90 years). Results The ED was 4.57 ± 0.92 mSv in the REF condition. The ACR were 0.020 ± 0.016 and 0.0187 ± 0.013, respectively, in REF and ALGO. The ACR for the REF and ALGO conditions were significantly reduced in males and females, although it was more evident in the latter gender (all p < 0.0001). Finally, the ACR significantly reduced from the REF condition to ALGO in all three age brackets (all p < 0.0001). Conclusion Implementation of ALGO protocols in PET can reduce the overall ACR, mainly in young and female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luigi Mansi
- CIRPS, Interuniversity Research Center for Sustainability, Rome, Italy
- IOS–Medicina Futura, Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Mainolfi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Evangelista
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Gillespie D, Chandrasekharan D, Ta NH, Jumani K, Gupta R, Rocke J, Williams C, Tetteh A, Amnolsingh R, Khwaja S, Batterham RL, Yan CH, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Woods J, Brunton R, Boardman J, Hatter M, Abdelwahab M, Holsinger FC, Capasso R, Nayak JV, Hwang PH, Patel ZM, Paun S, Eynon-Lewis N, Kumar BN, Jayaraj S, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Lund VJ. The burden of olfactory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Rhinology 2023; 61:93-96. [PMID: 36286227 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lechner
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Counsell
- CRUK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Gillespie
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Chandrasekharan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N H Ta
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Jumani
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Gupta
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Rocke
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - C Williams
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - A Tetteh
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Amnolsingh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S Khwaja
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK; Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - C H Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - T A Treibel
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J C Moon
- National Institute for Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - J Woods
- The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - R Brunton
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - M Hatter
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Abdelwahab
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - F C Holsinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R Capasso
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J V Nayak
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P H Hwang
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Z M Patel
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Paun
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Eynon-Lewis
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - B N Kumar
- ENT Department, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - S Jayaraj
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Hopkins
- ENT Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic, Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, UK
| | - V J Lund
- Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
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3
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Calvo-Henriquez C, Sandoval-Pacheco V, Chiesa-Estomba C, Lechien JR, Martins-Neves S, Esteller-More E, Kahn S, Suarez-Quintanilla D, Capasso R. Pediatric maxillary expansion has a positive impact on hearing? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2023; 140:31-38. [PMID: 36210326 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hearing loss is a highly prevalent condition in the pediatric population. Pediatric maxillary expansion is a widespread treatment to address transverse maxillary deficiency. First reports describing an association between improvements for patients with HL and PME initiated in the 1960s. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aim to review the role of maxillary expansion in reducing conductive hearing loss in pediatric population. REVIEW METHODS Pubmed (Medline), the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Trip Database were checked. Main outcome was expressed as the difference between air-bone gap, compliance, ear volume and conductive hearing thresholds before and after treatment and the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS A total of 10 studies (218 patients) met inclusion criteria. The pooled data in the meta-analysis under a random effects model shows a statistically significant difference of 10.57dB mean reduction after palatal expansion. The air-bone gap was significantly reduced by 5.39dB (CI 95% 3.68, 7.10). Compliance and volume were assessed in three studies, with a non-significant positive difference in the compliance (0.14) and a statistically significant difference for volume (0.80) after palatal expansion. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis found a positive effect of pediatric maxillary expansion in conductive hearing loss in well-select children. However, results cannot be extrapolated for children with conductive hearing loss without an accompanying orthodontic indication (maxillary constriction). It showed that the existing prospective studies exhibited qualitative pitfalls, limiting the ability to obtain conclusive evidence about the role of pediatric maxillary expansion on conductive hearing loss in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Calvo-Henriquez
- Rhinology study group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS); Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - V Sandoval-Pacheco
- Rhinology study group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS); Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Chiesa-Estomba
- Rhinology study group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS); Service of Otolaryngology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - J R Lechien
- Rhinology study group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS); Foch Hospital, University of Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - S Martins-Neves
- Department of orthodontics, My Face Clinics and Academy, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Esteller-More
- Service of Otolaryngology, General University Hospital of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Otolaryngology, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Kahn
- Orthodontic private practice, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Suarez-Quintanilla
- Orthodontic private practice, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Orthodontics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de compostela, Spain
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Surgery Division, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Abdelwahab M, Hong Y, Taheri N, Huang A, Fleury T, Marques S, Liu S, Capasso R. Value of Surgical and Non-surgical Treatment for Sleep Apnea: A Closer Look At Healthcare Utilization. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Fleury Curado T, Pham L, Freire C, Amorim M, Abdelwahab M, Huang A, Taheri N, Hong Y, Dedhia R, Liu S, Capasso R, Polotsky V, Eisele D, Schwartz A. Changes in Tongue Morphology Predict Responses in Pharyngeal Patency to Selective Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Chou C, Kim H, Huntley C, Boon M, Liu S, Capasso R. Predictors of Voltage Amplitude in Patients who Respond to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Huang A, Abdelwahab M, Capasso R, Liu S, Oliveira F. Improving CPAP Compliance: Transcutaneous Nasal Valve Stabilization. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Curado TF, Pho H, Freire C, Amorim M, Sennes LU, Taheri N, Hong Y, Abdelwahab M, Huang A, Fishbein K, Liu S, Capasso R, Schwartz A, Fuller D, Polotsky V. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs Treatment of Sleep-disordered Breathing. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Abdelwahab M, Awad M, Capasso R, Riley R, Most S, Liu S. A Comprehensive Strategy for Improving Nasal Outcomes after Large Maxillomandibular Advancement for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Pagano E, Romano B, Iannotti F, Parisi O, D’Armiento M, Pignatiello S, Coretti L, Lucafò M, Venneri T, Stocco G, Lembo F, Orlando P, Capasso R, Di Marzo V, Izzo A, Borrelli F. The non-euphoric phytocannabinoid cannabidivarin counteracts intestinal inflammation in mice and cytokine expression in biopsies from UC pediatric patients. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Camacho M, Certal V, Modi R, Capasso R. Tissue-Sparing Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for OSA: Conservative, Compassionate and Possibly just as Effective. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:5-6. [PMID: 30906703 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-015-0915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A common surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). Unfortunately, traditional UPPP can cause a foreign body sensation, chronic discomfort and in rare cases, nasopharyngeal stenosis or velopharyngeal insufficiency. Modifications to traditional UPPP have been developed over the years to help decrease side effects, while trying to maintain or improve OSA outcomes. Conservative, tissue-sparing UPPP techniques include preservation of soft palate tissues (muscle and/or mucosa), avoidance of plication or conservative plication of the uvula, partial instead of complete uvulectomy, and suture plication of the palatopharyngeus-superior pharyngeal constrictor-palatoglossus muscles with complete preservation of surrounding tissues after tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camacho
- Sleep Medicine Division, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, US Army, 2nd floor, 450 Broadway St., Redwood City, CA 94063 USA.,6Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - V Certal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sleep Medicine Centre-Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal.,3CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Modi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dr L H Hiranandani Hospital Mumbai, MH, India
| | - R Capasso
- 5Sleep Surgery Division, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA USA
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12
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Ricciardiello F, Capasso R, Kawasaki H, Abate T, Oliva F, Lombardi A, Misso G, Ingrosso D, Leone CA, Iengo M, Caraglia M. A miRNA signature suggestive of nodal metastases from laryngeal carcinoma. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2018; 37:467-474. [PMID: 29327732 PMCID: PMC5782423 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that miRNAs are frequently deregulated in tumours offers the opportunity to identify them as prognostic and diagnostic markers. The aim of this multicentric study is to identify a miRNA expression profile specific for laryngeal cancer. The secondary endpoint was to identify specific deregulated miRNAs with potential as prognostic biomarkers for tumour spread and nodal involvement, and specifically to search for a miRNA pattern pathognomonic for N+ laryngeal cancer and for N- tissues. We identified 20 miRNAs specific for laryngeal cancer and a tissue-specific miRNA signature that is predictive of lymph node metastases in laryngeal carcinoma characterised by 11 miRNAs, seven of which are overexpressed (upregulated) and four downregulated. These results allow the identification of a group of potential specific tumour biomarkers for laryngeal carcinoma that can be used to improve its diagnosis, particularly in early stages, as well as its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ricciardiello
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - H Kawasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Abate
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Oliva
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - D Ingrosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - C A Leone
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit and Neck Surgery, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M Iengo
- Ear Nose and Throat Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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13
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Torre C, Zaghi S, Camacho M, Capasso R, Liu SY. Hypopharyngeal evaluation in obstructive sleep apnea with awake flexible laryngoscopy: Validation and updates to Cormack-Lehane and Modified Cormack-Lehane scoring systems. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:823-827. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Torre
- Division of Sleep Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
- UHealth Sleep Program; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
| | - S. Zaghi
- Division of Sleep Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - M. Camacho
- Division of Sleep Medicine; Department of Psychiatry; Stanford University Medical Center; Stanford CA USA
- Division of Sleep Surgery and Medicine; Tripler Army Medical Center Honolulu; Honolulu HI USA
| | - R. Capasso
- Division of Sleep Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - S. Y. Liu
- Division of Sleep Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
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14
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Bashashati M, Fichna J, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, Izzo AA, Sibaev A, Timmermans JP, Cenac N, Vergnolle N, Di Marzo V, Storr M. Targeting fatty acid amide hydrolase and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 simultaneously to modulate colonic motility and visceral sensation in the mouse: A pharmacological intervention with N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5-HT). Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28695708 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) inhibits intestinal motility and visceral pain, but it may also be proalgesic through transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). AEA is degraded by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). This study explored whether dual inhibition of FAAH and TRPV1 reduces diarrhea and abdominal pain. METHODS Immunostaining was performed on myenteric plexus of the mouse colon. The effects of the dual FAAH/TRPV1 inhibitor AA-5-HT on electrically induced contractility, excitatory junction potential (EJP) and fast (f) and slow (s) inhibitory junction potentials (IJP) in the mouse colon, colonic propulsion and visceromotor response (VMR) to rectal distension were studied. The colonic levels of endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides were measured. KEY RESULTS CB1-positive neurons exhibited TRPV1; only some TRPV1 positive neurons did not express CB1. CB1 and FAAH did not colocalize. AA-5-HT (100 nM-10 μM) decreased colonic contractility by ~60%; this effect was abolished by TRPV1 antagonist 5'-IRTX, but not by CB1 antagonist, SR141716. AA-5-HT (1 μM-10 μM) inhibited EJP by ~30% and IJPs by ~50%. The effects of AA-5-HT on junction potentials were reversed by SR141716 and 5`-IRTX. AA-5-HT (20 mg/kg; i.p.) inhibited colonic propulsion by ~30%; SR141716 but not 5`-IRTX reversed this effect. AA-5-HT decreased VMR by ~50%-60%; these effects were not blocked by SR141716 or 5`-IRTX. AA-5-HT increased AEA in the colon. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The effects of AA-5-HT on visceral sensation and colonic motility are differentially mediated by CB1, TRPV1 and non-CB1/TRPV1 mechanisms, possibly reflecting the distinct neuromodulatory roles of endocannabinoid and endovanilloid FAAH substrates in the mouse intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bashashati
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center/Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - J Fichna
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - F Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici Italy and Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy
| | - A A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II and Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy
| | - A Sibaev
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - J-P Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - N Cenac
- Inserm, U1220, Toulouse, France.,Institut de Recherche en Sante Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N Vergnolle
- Inserm, U1220, Toulouse, France.,Institut de Recherche en Sante Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - M Storr
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.,Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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15
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Green KK, Kent D, D’Agostino M, Hoff P, Soose R, Yaremchuk K, Lin H, Gillespie MB, Liu S, Capasso R, Carrasco M, Woodson BT, Thaler E, Barrera J, Kezirian EJ. 0566 DRUG-INDUCED SLEEP ENDOSCOPY AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES: AN INTERNATIONAL, MULTICENTER COHORT STUDY. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Torre C, Liu SY, Kushida CA, Nekhendzy V, Huon LK, Capasso R. Impact of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea during drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:1218-1223. [PMID: 28207995 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the study was to understand the differential impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the location, degree and pattern of airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients utilizing drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). STUDY DESIGN Non-randomized trial. SETTING University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen consecutive OSA patients undergoing DISE. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The patterns of airway collapse were videorecorded at baseline and under differential application of nasal CPAP (nCPAP) at 5, 10 and 15 cm H2 O. For each modality, the pattern and degree of airway collapse were analyzed by three independent observers using the velum, oropharynx, tongue base, epiglottis (VOTE) classification system. RESULTS The modest nCPAP pressures (10 cm H2 O) had the greatest impact on the lateral walls of the pharynx, followed by the palatal region. The collapsibility of the tongue base and epiglottis demonstrated significant resistance to nCPAP application, which was overcome by increasing nCPAP to 15 cm H2 O. Compared to 5 cm H2 O, nCPAP pressures of 10 and 15 cm H2 O improved complete collapse at least at one level of the upper airway (P=.016 and .001, respectively). Increased nCPAP pressures also led to changes in the configuration of airway collapse at the level of the velum. CONCLUSIONS The differential nCPAP effects observed in this study may help to understand some of the mechanisms responsible for inadequate patient response and poor nCPAP compliance. The use of DISE in combination with CPAP may serve as a first step in optimizing patients that failed to adapt to treatment with CPAP. This approach can help the physician identify patterns of airway collapse that may require varying pressures different from the one the patient is using, as well as anatomical factors that may be corrected to help with compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torre
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Y Liu
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C A Kushida
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - V Nekhendzy
- Department of Anesthesia, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - L K Huon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R Capasso
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Russo A, Capasso R, Varelli C, Laporta A, Carbone M, D'Agosto G, Giovine S, Zappia M, Reginelli A. MR imaging evaluation of the postoperative meniscus. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101:37-42. [PMID: 28210945 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-017-0454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MR imaging has been widely evaluated in the assessment of patients with recurrent or residual symptoms following meniscal surgery. Importantly, the causes of such symptoms may relate to failure or complication of the surgical procedure, a possible recurrent or residual meniscal tear, or may be related to other causes of joint symptoms, including tears of the contralateral meniscus, or local hyaline cartilage, or marrow abnormalities subjacent to or distant to the meniscal surgical site. The complex diagnostic issues involved in the MR imaging evaluation of the postoperative meniscus were identified in early MR imaging studies. The knowledge of the normal MR imaging appearance of the knee after the more common repair procedures will allow radiologists to recognize complications associated with such procedures. In this article, we discuss the MR imaging evaluation of the knee after meniscal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russo
- Department of Radiology, S. G. Moscati Hospital, Via Gramsci, 81031, Aversa, Italy.
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - C Varelli
- Varelli Diagnostic Institute of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - A Laporta
- Department of Radiology, Solofra Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - M Carbone
- Department of Radiology, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - G D'Agosto
- Diagnostic DAM Institute, Nocera Inferiore (Salerno), Italy
| | - S Giovine
- Department of Radiology, S. G. Moscati Hospital, Via Gramsci, 81031, Aversa, Italy
| | - M Zappia
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - A Reginelli
- Department of Internal Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
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18
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Caranci F, Leone G, Ugga L, Cesarano E, Capasso R, Schipani S, Bianco A, Fonio P, Briganti F, Brunese L. Imaging of post-surgical treatment and of related complications in spinal trauma. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101:63-73. [PMID: 28168635 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-017-0457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinal trauma is a devastating event with a high morbidity and mortality. The rationale of imaging is to diagnose the traumatic abnormalities and characterize the type of injury, to estimate the severity of the lesions, to evaluate the potential spinal instability. In case of spinal instability, the goals of operative treatment are decompression of the spinal cord canal and stabilization of the disrupted vertebral column. Particularly, diagnostic imaging, mainly by CT and MR, has a main role in the post-treatment evaluation. The neuroradiological evaluation of the postoperative spine requires a general knowledge of the surgical approach to each spinal region and of the normal temporal evolution of expected postoperative changes. The neuroradiologist should evaluate the devices implanted, their related complications and promptly alert the surgeon of acute complications, mainly vascular and infective. During the follow-up, it is mandatory to know and search chronic complications as pseudomeningocele, accelerated degenerative disease, arachnoiditis, peridural fibrosis. Knowledge of specific complications relating to each surgical approach will assist the neuroradiologist in interpretation of postoperative images.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caranci
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - G Leone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - L Ugga
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - E Cesarano
- Radiology Section, Health Service, Navy Command of Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - S Schipani
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - A Bianco
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - P Fonio
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - F Briganti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - L Brunese
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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Maggialetti N, Capasso R, Pinto D, Carbone M, Laporta A, Schipani S, Piccolo CL, Zappia M, Reginelli A, D'Innocenzo M, Brunese L. Diagnostic value of computed tomography colonography (CTC) after incomplete optical colonoscopy. Int J Surg 2016; 33 Suppl 1:S36-44. [PMID: 27255132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the role of computed tomography colonography (CTC) in patients who previously underwent incomplete optical colonoscopy (OC). We analyzed the impact of colonic lesions in intestinal segments not studied by OC and extracolonic findings in these patients. METHODS Between January 2014 and May 2015, 61 patients with a history of abdominal pain and incomplete OC examination were studied by CTC. CTCs were performed by 320-row CT scan in both the supine and the prone position, without intravenous administration of contrast medium. In all patients both colonic findings and extracolonic findings were evaluated. RESULTS Among the study group, 24 CTC examinations were negative for both colonic and extracolonic findings while 6 examinations revealed the presence of both colonic and extracolonic findings. In 24 patients CTC depicted colonic anomalies without extracolonic ones, while in 7 patients it showed extracolonic findings without colonic ones. DISCUSSION CTC is a noninvasive imaging technique with the advantages of high diagnostic performance, rapid data acquisition, minimal patient discomfort, lack of need for sedation, and virtually no recovery time. CTC accurately allows the evaluation of the nonvisualized part of the colon after incomplete OC and has the distinct advantage to detect clinically important extracolonic findings in patients with incomplete OC potentially explaining the patient's symptoms and conditioning their therapeutic management. CONCLUSION CTC accurately allows the assessment of both colonic and extracolonic pathologies representing a useful diagnostic tool in patients for whom complete OC is not achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maggialetti
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine, Magrassi-Lanzara, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - D Pinto
- Radiological Research, Molfetta, BA, Italy.
| | - M Carbone
- Department of Radiology, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy.
| | - A Laporta
- Department of Radiology, A.O. Solofra, Italy.
| | - S Schipani
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - C L Piccolo
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - M Zappia
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - A Reginelli
- Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine, Magrassi-Lanzara, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - L Brunese
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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Conforti R, Porto A, Capasso R, Cirillo M, Fontanella G, Salzano A, Fabrazzo M, Cappabianca S. Magnetic resonance imaging of a transient splenial lesion of the corpus callosum resolved within a week. Radiography (Lond) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Scuotto A, Cappabianca S, Capasso R, Porto A, D'Oria S, Rotondo M. Post traumatic facial nerve palsy without temporal bone fracture. Radiography (Lond) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Scuotto A, Cappabianca S, Capasso R, Natale M, D'Oria S, Rotondo M. Spontaneous intraparenchymal otogenic pneumocephalus presenting with abrupt onset of coma. Radiography (Lond) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Romano B, Borrelli F, Fasolino I, Capasso R, Piscitelli F, Cascio M, Pertwee R, Coppola D, Vassallo L, Orlando P, Di Marzo V, Izzo A. The cannabinoid TRPA1 agonist cannabichromene inhibits nitric oxide production in macrophages and ameliorates murine colitis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:213-29. [PMID: 23373571 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The non-psychotropic cannabinoid cannabichromene is known to activate the transient receptor potential ankyrin-type1 (TRPA1) and to inhibit endocannabinoid inactivation, both of which are involved in inflammatory processes. We examined here the effects of this phytocannabinoid on peritoneal macrophages and its efficacy in an experimental model of colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Murine peritoneal macrophages were activated in vitro by LPS. Nitrite levels were measured using a fluorescent assay; inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2 ) receptors were analysed by RT-PCR (and/or Western blot analysis); colitis was induced by dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS). Endocannabinoid (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Colonic inflammation was assessed by evaluating the myeloperoxidase activity as well as by histology and immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS LPS caused a significant production of nitrites, associated to up-regulation of anandamide, iNOS, COX-2, CB1 receptors and down-regulation of CB2 receptors mRNA expression. Cannabichromene significantly reduced LPS-stimulated nitrite levels, and its effect was mimicked by cannabinoid receptor and TRPA1 agonists (carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde) and enhanced by CB1 receptor antagonists. LPS-induced anandamide, iNOS, COX-2 and cannabinoid receptor changes were not significantly modified by cannabichromene, which, however, increased oleoylethanolamide levels. In vivo, cannabichromene ameliorated DNBS-induced colonic inflammation, as revealed by histology, immunohistochemistry and myeloperoxidase activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Cannabichromene exerts anti-inflammatory actions in activated macrophages - with tonic CB1 cannabinoid signalling being negatively coupled to this effect - and ameliorates experimental murine colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Endocannabinoid Research Group
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24
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Iannotti FA, Piscitelli F, Martella A, Mazzarella E, Allarà M, Palmieri V, Parrella C, Capasso R, Di Marzo V. Analysis of the "endocannabinoidome" in peripheral tissues of obese Zucker rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:127-35. [PMID: 23830028 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents one of the major determinants of metabolic disorders. We investigated potential changes in the endogenous levels of anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) in some peripheral organs and tissues of obese Zucker(fa/fa) and lean Zucker(fa/+) rats by qPCR, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, western blot and enzymatic activity assays. At 10-12 weeks of age AEA levels were significantly lower in BAT, small intestine and heart and higher in soleus of Zucker(fa/fa) rats. In this tissue, also the expression of CB1 receptors was higher. By contrast in Zucker(fa/fa) rats, 2-AG levels were changed (and lower) solely in the small and large intestine. Finally, in Zucker(fa/fa), PEA levels were unchanged, whereas OEA was slightly lower in BAT, and higher in the large intestine. Interestingly, these differences were accompanied by differential alterations of the genes regulating ECS tone. In conclusion, the levels of endocannabinoids are altered during obesity in a way partly correlating with changes of the genes related to their metabolism and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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Cappabianca S, Capasso R, Cirillo M, Santagata M, Tartaro G, Colella G. Dynamic evaluation of benign neoplasm of parotid glands with multidetector row CT. Minerva Stomatol 2013; 62:95-106. [PMID: 23588210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this paper was to evaluate the role of net-enhancement (NE) of benign salivary glands with multiphase multidetector row CT (MDCT). METHODS Forty-eight patients (M=27, F=21), aged 35-76 years old (mean =57) with benign parotid neoplasms were examinated with 4 MDCT, at 20'', 40'', 70'' e 9' after intravenous administration of contrast medium. NE was calculated after subtracting precontrast phase to postcontrast phases. Final data were compared to the histopathology. RESULTS Thirty-six cases were pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 24 Warthin (WT). PA had a medium NE values of 23 HU, 74 HU, 53 HU e 34 HU at 20'', 40'', 70'' e 9' respectively. WT had a medium NE of 52 HU, 54 HU, 40 HU e 39 HU respectively at the same times. After subtracting precontrast phase to the delayed phase, with NE at 9' and cut-off of 34 HU, we have differenziate PA from WT and normal gland with specifity (SP) 87%, sensibility (SE) 60%, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 75% and 59%; with NE at 20'' and cut-off of 54HU we have distingueshed WT from AP with SP 83%, SE 50%, PPV 75% and NPV 63%. CONCLUSION The study of NE can allow the characterization of benign parotid gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cappabianca
- Department of Internal Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second Università of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Santini B, Talacchi A, Squintani G, Casagrande F, Capasso R, Miceli G. Cognitive outcome after awake surgery for tumors in language areas. J Neurooncol 2012; 108:319-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Miceli G, Capasso R, Monti A, Santini B, Talacchi A. Language testing in brain tumor patients. J Neurooncol 2012; 108:247-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Borrelli F, Romano B, Fasolino I, Tagliatatela-Scafati O, Aprea G, Capasso R, Capasso F, Coppola Bottazzi E, Izzo AA. Prokinetic effect of a standardized yarrow (Achillea millefolium) extract and its constituent choline: studies in the mouse and human stomach. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:164-71, e90. [PMID: 22151891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by alterations in gastric motility. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L., Fam Asteraceae) preparations are traditional remedies used to treat dyspeptic complaints. Herein, we investigated the effect of a standardized dry water extract obtained from A. millefolium flowering tops (AME) on gastric motility. METHODS The effect of AME on motility was evaluated on the resting tone of the isolated gastric antrum and on gastric emptying in vivo (phenol red meal method) both in control mice and in the model of cancer chemotherapy (cisplatin)-induced gastric abnormalities. KEY RESULTS The AME contracted mouse and human gastric strips and this action was unaffected by hexamethonium and tetrodotoxin, but strongly reduced by atropine. Among various chemical ingredients in yarrow, choline, but not the flavonoids rutin and apigenin, mimicked the action of AME. Furthermore, AME deprived of choline did not exert a contractile effect. In vivo, AME stimulated gastric emptying both in control and in cisplatin-treated mice, being more active in pathological states. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES It is concluded that (i) AME exerts a direct spasmogenic effect on gastric antrum; (ii) choline is the chemical ingredient responsible of such effect; (iii) the prokinetic effect of AME observed in vivo could provide the pharmacological basis underlying its traditional use in the treatment of dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Borrelli
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Borrelli F, Capasso R, Severino B, Fiorino F, Aviello G, De Rosa G, Mazzella M, Romano B, Capasso F, Fasolino I, Izzo AA. Inhibitory effects of bromelain, a cysteine protease derived from pineapple stem (Ananas comosus), on intestinal motility in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:745-e331. [PMID: 21689210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromelain (BR) is a cysteine protease with inhibitory effects on intestinal secretion and inflammation. However, its effects on intestinal motility are largely unexplored. Thus, we investigated the effect of this plant-derived compound on intestinal contractility and transit in mice. METHODS Contractility in vitro was evaluated by stimulating the mouse isolated ileum, in an organ bath, with acetylcholine, barium chloride, or electrical field stimulation. Motility in vivo was measured by evaluating the distribution of an orally administered fluorescent marker along the small intestine. Transit was also evaluated in pathophysiologic states induced by the pro-inflammatory compound croton oil or by the diabetogenic agent streptozotocin. KEY RESULTS Bromelain inhibited the contractions induced by different spasmogenic compounds in the mouse ileum with similar potency. The antispasmodic effect was reduced or counteracted by the proteolytic enzyme inhibitor, gabexate (15 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) ), protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) antagonist, N(1) -3-methylbutyryl-N(4) -6-aminohexanoyl-piperazine (10(-4) mol L(-1) ), phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, neomycin (3 × 10(-3) mol L(-1) ), and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, rolipram (10(-6) mol L(-1) ). In vivo, BR preferentially inhibited motility in pathophysiologic states in a PAR-2-antagonist-sensitive manner. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our data suggest that BR inhibits intestinal motility - preferentially in pathophysiologic conditions - with a mechanism possibly involving membrane PAR-2 and PLC and PDE4 as intracellular signals. Bromelain could be a lead compound for the development of new drugs, able to normalize the intestinal motility in inflammation and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Borrelli
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, Naples, Italy.
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Sannino F, De Martino A, Pigna M, Violante A, Di Leo P, Mesto E, Capasso R. Sorption of arsenate and dichromate on polymerin, Fe(OH)x-polymerin complex and ferrihydrite. J Hazard Mater 2009; 166:1174-1179. [PMID: 19153008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrogenarsenate [H(2)AsO(4)(-), As(V)] or dichromate [Cr(2)O(7)(2-), Cr(VI)] at pH=4.0 showed to be sorbed on a Fe(OH)(x)-polymerin complex and ferrihydrite to a greater extent than on polymerin, the organic polymeric fraction of olive oil mill wastewater (OMW). In particular, the maximum amount (x(m)) of arsenate sorbed on Fe(OH)(x)-polymerin complex was similar to that on ferrihydrite (880.26 and 743.02 mmol kg(-1), respectively), and was much greater than that sorbed on polymerin (384.25 mmol kg(-1)). The sorption of dichromate was to a comparable extent on Fe(OH)(x)-polymerin complex and ferrihydrite (205.90 and 254.88 mmol kg(-1), respectively). Cr(III), a less toxic chromium form, mainly, and Cr(V) were indeed the effective forms sorbed on polymerin (200 mmol kg(-1)), as a consequence of the redox reaction of the strongly toxic Cr(VI) with the CH(2)OH groups of the polysaccharide moiety of this bio-sorbent, according to the data deriving from XPS and DRIFT analyses. The potential exploitation of the selected sorbents for the removal of As(V) or Cr(VI) from aqueous effluents is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sannino
- School of Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Soil, Plant, Environment and Animal Production Sciences, Via Università 100, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
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Sanjak M, Konopacki R, Capasso R, Roelke KA, Peper SM, Houdek AM, Waclawik A, Brooks BR. Dissociation between mechanical and myoelectrical manifestation of muscle fatigue in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:26-32. [PMID: 15204021 DOI: 10.1080/14660820310017551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Motor fatigue, during 30 seconds of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was simultaneously evaluated by the decline in mechanical force output, and from the compression in the power spectrum obtained from surface electromyogram (sEMG). Measurements were performed in patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and normal control (NC) in two muscle groups, elbow flexors (EF) and ankle dorsiflexors (DF). The decline in force output, as a manifestation of mechanical fatigue, was digitally calculated online by partitioning the force versus time curve to determine the percent of MVIC reduction over a 30 sec period and was expressed as force fatigue index (FFI). The compression in the sEMG power spectrum, as a manifestation of myoelectrical fatigue, was tracked by calculating the median frequency shift (MFS) from the first 5 sec to the last 5 sec of the 30 sec MVIC using digital Fast Fourier Transformation. In ALS patients, the significantly higher reduction in mechanical force output during the 30 sec MVIC (higher FFI) was accompanied with significantly less compression in the sEMG power spectrum (less MFS) as compared to NC (P < or =0.005) in the two muscle groups. This dissociation between the mechanical and myoelectrical manifestation of muscle fatigue in ALS indicates that a reduction in muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) may be a contributing peripheral factor in the pathogenesis of muscle fatigue in ALS. Alterations in motor unit functionality, especially in type II fast motor unit muscle fibers, and structural damage in denervated muscle fibers may contribute to the lower MFCV during motor fatigue in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanjak
- Department of Neurology, H/6 577 ALS Clinical Research Center, Medical School, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53799, USA.
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Zampino R, Ingrosso D, Durante-Mangoni E, Capasso R, Tripodi MF, Restivo L, Zappia V, Ruggiero G, Adinolfi LE. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) -493G/T gene polymorphism contributes to fat liver accumulation in HCV genotype 3 infected patients. J Viral Hepat 2008; 15:740-6. [PMID: 18482281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
(A) A reduced activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), a key enzyme of assembly/secretion of lipoproteins, is related to HCV steatosis. Host genetic background may influence development of steatosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between MTP-493 G/T gene polymorphism, fat liver accumulation and fibrosis progression in HCV infected patients. A total of 102 naïve patients with liver biopsy proven chronic hepatitis C were evaluated for MTP-493 G/T gene polymorphism, HCV RNA, HCV genotype, HOMA-IR, serum adiponectin, TNF-alpha and serum lipid levels. HCV genotype 3 infected patients carrying the T allele of the MTP gene polymorphism showed higher degree of steatosis than those carrying GG genotype (3.45 +/- 0.37 vs 1.30 +/- 0.45, respectively; P < 0.001). MTP'T' allele carriers also had higher HCV RNA serum levels (P < 0.01) and hepatic fibrosis (P < 0.001). Irrespective of MTP genotype, patients with HCV genotype 3 had lower levels of cholesterol, ApoB, HDL and LDL. In HCV genotype non-3 infected patients no parameters were associated with MTP gene polymorphism. In conclusion the presence of T allele of MTP-493G/T gene polymorphism predisposes patients infested with HCV genotype 3 to develop higher degree of fatty liver accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zampino
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, F Cedrangolo, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Capasso R, Borrelli F, Cascio MG, Aviello G, Huben K, Zjawiony JK, Marini P, Romano B, Di Marzo V, Capasso F, Izzo AA. Inhibitory effect of salvinorin A, from Salvia divinorum, on ileitis-induced hypermotility: cross-talk between kappa-opioid and cannabinoid CB(1) receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:681-9. [PMID: 18622408 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Salvinorin A, the active component of the hallucinogenic herb Salvia divinorum, inhibits intestinal motility through activation of kappa-opioid receptors (KORs). However, this compound may have target(s) other than the KORs in the inflamed gut. Because intestinal inflammation upregulates cannabinoid receptors and endogenous cannabinoids, in the present study we investigated the possible involvement of the endogenous cannabinoid system in salvinorin A-induced delay in motility in the inflamed gut. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Motility in vivo was measured by evaluating the distribution of a fluorescent marker along the small intestine; intestinal inflammation was induced by the irritant croton oil; direct or indirect activity at cannabinoid receptors was evaluated by means of binding, enzymic and cellular uptake assays. KEY RESULTS Salvinorin A as well as the KOR agonist U-50488 reduced motility in croton oil treated mice. The inhibitory effect of both salvinorin A and U-50488 was counteracted by the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine and by the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant. Rimonabant, however, did not counteract the inhibitory effect of salvinorin A on motility in control mice. Binding experiments showed very weak affinity of salvinorin A for cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) and no inhibitory effect on 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide hydrolysis and cellular uptake. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The inhibitory effect of salvinorin A on motility reveals a functional interaction between cannabinoid CB(1) receptors and KORs in the inflamed--but not in the normal--gut in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Capasso
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Savino F, Capasso R, Palumeri E, Tarasco V, Locatelli E, Capasso F. [Advances on the effects of the compounds of a phytotherapic agent (COLIMIL) on upper gastrointestinal transit in mice]. Minerva Pediatr 2008; 60:285-290. [PMID: 18487975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Phytotherapic agents, such as herbal formulations containing Matricariae recutita flowers (chamomile) extract, Foeniculum vulgare fruit (fennel) extract and Melissa officinalis aerial parts (lemon balm) extract have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal tract in colicky infants. However, the mechanism is largely unexplored and, particularly, it is not clear if it affects intestinal motility. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of different herbal formulations containing Matricariae recutita extract, Foeniculum vulgare extract and Melissa officinalis extract on upper gastrointestinal transit in mice in vivo. METHODS Gastrointestinal transit was measured in male ICR mice and in croton oil-treated mice after the oral administration of herbal formulations containing chamomile, fennel and lemon balm (ColiMil) and chamomile and lemon balm (ColiMil experimental). RESULTS The herbal formulations tested (0.4-0.8 mL/mouse) dose-dependently and significantly inhibited gastrointestinal transit both in control and in croton oil-treated mice. Chamomile extract and lemon balm extract reduced significantly intestinal motility, but not fennel. At similar concentration ColiMil evoked a more consistent response than ColiMil experimental. CONCLUSION Our findings directly demonstrate in vivo the effect of a combination of herbal formulations on intestinal motility. The observed inhibitory effect might be studied with clinical studies to test the efficacy of these compounds in the treatment of colicky infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Savino
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract plays a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Signals from the gastrointestinal tract generally function to limit ingestion in the interest of efficient digestion. These signals may be released into the bloodstream or may activate afferent neurones that carry information to the brain and its cognitive centres, which regulates food intake. The rate at which nutrients become systemically available is also influenced by gastrointestinal motility: a delay in gastric emptying may evoke a satiety effect. Recent evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid anandamide and the related acylethanolamide oleoylethanolamide are produced in the intestine and might regulate feeding behaviour by engaging sensory afferent neurones that converge information to specific areas of the brain. The intestinal levels of these acylethanolamides are inversely correlated to feeding, as food deprivation increases intestinal levels of anandamide (which acts in the gut as a 'hunger signal'), while it decreases the levels of oleoylethanolamide (which acts in the gut as a 'satiety signal'). Additionally, these acylethanolamides, whose gastric levels change in response to diet-induced obesity, alter gastrointestinal motility, which might contribute to their effect on food intake and nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Capasso
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Capasso R, Borrelli F, Zjawiony J, Kutrzeba L, Aviello G, Sarnelli G, Capasso F, Izzo AA. The hallucinogenic herb Salvia divinorum and its active ingredient salvinorin A reduce inflammation-induced hypermotility in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20:142-8. [PMID: 17931335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum has been used for medical treatments of gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we evaluated the effect of a standardized extract from the leaves of Salvia divinorum (SDE) and of its active ingredient salvinorin A on motility in vivo, both in physiological states and during croton oil-induced intestinal inflammation. SDE (1-100 mg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited motility only in inflamed, but not in control, mice. In control mice, salvinorin A (0.01-10 mg kg(-1)) significantly inhibited motility only at the highest doses tested (3 and 10 mg kg(-1)) and this effect was not counteracted by naloxone or by the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. Inflammation significantly increased the potency of salvinorin A (but not of the KOR agonist U-50488) in reducing motility. The inhibitory effects of both salvinorin A and U-50488 in inflamed mice were counteracted by naloxone or by nor-binaltorphimine. We conclude that salvinorin A may reduce motility through activation of different targets. In physiological states, salvinorin A, at high doses, inhibited motility through a non-KOR mediated mechanism. Gut inflammation increased the potency of salvinorin A; this effect was mediated by KOR, but it was not shared by U-50488, thus suggesting that salvinorin A may have target(s) other than KOR in the inflamed gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Capasso
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Sannino F, Iorio M, De Martino A, Pucci M, Brown CD, Capasso R. Remediation of waters contaminated with ionic herbicides by sorption on polymerin. Water Res 2008; 42:643-52. [PMID: 17904611 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the sorption of paraquat and 2,4-D on polymerin, the humic acid-like fraction of olive mill wastewater. Effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration and sorbent dosage on the sorption of both herbicides were studied. The sorption mechanism of paraquat on polymerin was consistent with the ion exchange of this herbicide with Ca, Mg and K natively occurring in the sorbent; in contrast, 2,4-D was bound to polymerin by hydrogen bonding. Simulated wastewaters contaminated with paraquat were purified after three sorption cycles on polymerin renewed at each cycle, at a solid/liquid ratio of 0.5, whereas those containing 2,4-D showed a maximal residue removal of 44% after two sorption cycles at the same ratio. The possible application of this model to other water-soluble herbicides, as well as the possible exploitation of polymerin as a bio-filter for the decontamination of pollution point sources is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sannino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Facoltà di Scienze Biotecnologiche, Università di Napoli Federico II Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
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Di Marzo V, Capasso R, Matias I, Aviello G, Petrosino S, Borrelli F, Romano B, Orlando P, Capasso F, Izzo AA. The role of endocannabinoids in the regulation of gastric emptying: alterations in mice fed a high-fat diet. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:1272-80. [PMID: 18223666 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endocannabinoids (via cannabinoid CB(1) receptor activation) are physiological regulators of intestinal motility and food intake. However, their role in the regulation of gastric emptying is largely unexplored. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of gastric emptying in mice fed either a standard diet (STD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gastric emptying was evaluated by measuring the amount of phenol red recovered in the stomach after oral challenge; CB(1) expression was analysed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR; endocannabinoid (anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS Gastric emptying was reduced by anandamide, an effect counteracted by the CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant, but not by the CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528 or by the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) antagonist 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin. The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor N-arachidonoyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (but not the anandamide uptake inhibitor OMDM-2) reduced gastric emptying in a way partly reduced by rimonabant. Compared to STD mice, HFD mice exhibited significantly higher body weight and fasting glucose levels, delayed gastric emptying and lower anandamide and CB(1) mRNA levels. N-arachidonoylserotonin (but not rimonabant) affected gastric emptying more efficaciously in HFD than STD mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Gastric emptying is physiologically regulated by the endocannabinoid system, which is downregulated following a HFD leading to overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Aranda E, García-Romera I, Ocampo JA, Carbone V, Mari A, Malorni A, Sannino F, De Martino A, Capasso R. Chemical characterization and effects on Lepidium sativum of the native and bioremediated components of dry olive mill residue. Chemosphere 2007; 69:229-39. [PMID: 17544478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dry olive mill residue (DOR) from the olive oil production by two phase centrifugation system was fractionated by a consecutive continuous solid-liquid extraction obtaining the EAF, PF, MF and WF fractions with ethyl acetate, n-propanol, methanol and water, respectively. The chemical, chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses showed EAF, PF and MF to be mainly composed of simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids and glycosilated phenols (glycosides of phenols, secoiridoids and flavonoids), whereas WF was mainly consisting of polymerin, the metal organic polymeric mixture previously identified in olive oil mill waste waters and composed of carbohydrates, melanin, proteins and metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg and Fe). The identification in DOR of oleoside, 6'-beta-glucopyranosyl-oleoside and 6'-beta-rhamnopyranosyl-oleoside, and of its organic polymeric component, known as polymerin, are reported for the first time in this paper. The inoculation of the previously mentioned fractions with saprobe fungi Coriolopsis rigida, Pycnoporus cynnabarinus or Trametes versicolor indicated these fungi to be able to metabolize both the phenols and glycosilated phenols, but not polymerin. In correspondence, EAF, PF, MF and WF, which proved to be toxic on Lepidium sativum, decreased their toxicity after incubation with the selected fungi, WF showing to be also able to stimulate the growth of the selected seeds. The phytotoxicity appeared mainly correlated to the monomeric phenols and, to a lesser extent, to the glycosilated phenols, whereas polymerin proved to be non toxic. However, the laccase activity was not associated with the decrease of phytotoxicity. The valorization of DOR as a producer of high added value substances of industrial and agricultural interest in native form and after their bioremediation for a final objective of the total DOR recycling is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aranda
- Departamento Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbioticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Matias I, Gonthier MP, Petrosino S, Docimo L, Capasso R, Hoareau L, Monteleone P, Roche R, Izzo AA, Di Marzo V. Role and regulation of acylethanolamides in energy balance: focus on adipocytes and beta-cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:676-90. [PMID: 17704823 PMCID: PMC2190005 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid, arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha ligand, oleylethanolamide (OEA) produce opposite effects on lipogenesis. The regulation of OEA and its anti-inflammatory congener, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), in adipocytes and pancreatic beta-cells has not been investigated. We report here the results of studies on acylethanolamide regulation in these cells during obesity and hyperglycaemia, and provide an overview of acylethanolamide role in metabolic control. We analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry OEA and PEA levels in: 1) mouse 3T3F442A adipocytes during insulin-induced differentiation, 2) rat insulinoma RIN m5F beta-cells kept in 'low' or 'high' glucose, 3) adipose tissue and pancreas of mice with high fat diet-induced obesity (DIO), and 4) in visceral fat or blood of obese or type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. In adipocytes, OEA levels remain unchanged during differentiation, whereas those of PEA decrease significantly, and are under the negative control of both leptin and PPAR-gamma. PEA is significantly downregulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of DIO mice. In RIN m5F insulinoma beta-cells, OEA and PEA levels are inhibited by 'very high' glucose, this effect being enhanced by insulin, whereas in cells kept for 24 h in 'high' glucose, they are stimulated by both glucose and insulin. Elevated OEA and PEA levels are found in the blood of T2D patients. Reduced PEA levels in hypertrophic adipocytes might play a role in obesity-related pro-inflammatory states. In beta-cells and human blood, OEA and PEA are down- or up-regulated under conditions of transient or chronic hyperglycaemia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Matias
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry National Research Council Naples, Italy
| | - M-P Gonthier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Université de La Réunion La Réunion, France
| | - S Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry National Research Council Naples, Italy
| | - L Docimo
- XI Divisione di Chirurgia Generale e dell'Obesità, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - R Capasso
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II' Naples, Italy
| | - L Hoareau
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Université de La Réunion La Réunion, France
| | - P Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - R Roche
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Université de La Réunion La Réunion, France
| | - A A Izzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II' Naples, Italy
| | - V Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry National Research Council Naples, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
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Diez MC, Rubilar O, Cea M, Navia R, De Martino A, Capasso R. Recovery and characterization of the humate-like salified polymeric organic fraction (lignimerin) from Kraft cellulose mill wastewater. Chemosphere 2007; 68:1798-805. [PMID: 17451785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A dark and complex salified organic polymeric mixture, named lignimerin, was for the first time recovered from Kraft cellulose mill wastewater (KCMW) and characterized by chemical, spectroscopic and relative molecular weight (RMW) analysis. Lignimerin proved to be composed of polyphenols (57.00%), carbohydrates (22.26%) and proteins (7.42%). It also contained metals (6.93%), mainly Ca and, to much lower extent, Mg, Na, Al, Fe, K, Mn, Zn and Cu, bound to the carboxylate and phenate groups. The distribution of lignimerin RMW was assessed to be approximately between 1000 and 8600Da, as well as to consist of lignin and tannin, protein and polysaccharide moieties, strongly aggregated each other. H-lignimerin, its acid derivative, revealed a chemical composition and a RMW distribution very close to that of lignimerin, but a marked metal cations decreasing (1.60%) with respect to lignimerin (6.93%). The humic acid-like nature of both the polymers was assessed. Their potential use as bio-adsorbents of heavy metals is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Diez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla, Temuco, Chile.
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Aranda E, García-Romera I, Ocampo JA, Carbone V, Malorni A, Sannino F, De Martino A, Capasso R. Reusing ethyl acetate and aqueous exhausted fractions of dry olive mill residue by saprobe fungi. Chemosphere 2007; 66:67-74. [PMID: 16814842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Some saprobe fungi (Phlebia radiata, Trametes versicolor, Coriolopsis rigida, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Fomes sclerodermus or Pleurotus pulmonarius) were able to bioconvert the ethyl acetate fraction (DEAF) and the corresponding aqueous exhausted fraction (EAF) of dry olive mill residue (DOR), reducing their phytotoxicity on Lepidium sativum seeds. Large amount of hydroxytyrosol together with other eight monomeric phenols were found in the native DEAF fraction, which represents a good source of antioxidants. P. radiata, T. versicolor and F. sclerodermus caused an effective phytotoxicity reduction of EAF in the concentration range of 25-3 gl(-1). In particular, in the range between 12.5 and 3 gl(-1), the EAF samples inoculated with P. radiata and F. sclerodermus surprisingly stimulated the germinability of L. sativum, suggesting their use as a potential biofertilizer. This is the first report which showed the bioconversion of the above fractions in shorter time with respect to the previous findings concerning DOR. The possible implications of laccase in the decrease of DEAF and EAF phytotoxicity was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aranda
- Departamento Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbioticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Borrelli F, Aviello G, Capasso R, Capasso F. Senna: a laxative devoid of carcinogenic effects. Arch Toxicol 2006; 80:873. [PMID: 17063369 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-006-0150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Satta E, Perna AF, Lombardi C, Acanfora F, Violetti E, Romano MM, Capasso R, Pisano M, Paduano F, De Santo NG. [Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal failure.]. G Ital Nefrol 2006; 23:480-9. [PMID: 17123261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is frequently associated with increased plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy), an amino acid that can be considered a new uremic toxin according to recent evidence. Studies on Hcy described first homocystinuria, an inherited disease characterized by high plasma Hcy levels and premature cardiovascular disease, resulting in high mortal-ity rates. Hyperhomocysteinemia was then shown to be associated with cardiovascular events both in the general population and in CRF patients. Hcy is a sulfur amino acid derived from dietary methionine, an essential amino acid. Methionine is condensed with ATP to form S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the universal methyl donor in transmethylation reactions. The AdoMet demethylated product is S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), which is the direct precursor of Hcy in vivo. Hcy is toxic for the endothelium, it enhances vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, increases platelet aggregation, and acts on the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis. Several mechanisms have been discussed to explain Hcy toxicity. Hcy levels increase as renal function declines and progresses to ESRD; the causes of hyperhomocysteinemia are still unclear. Studies in humans show that renal metabolic extraction depends on renal plasma flow; in addition, an alteration of the extrarenal metabolic clearance, depending on uremic toxins, may occur. Among the consequences of hyperhomocysteinemia in renal failure are: impaired protein methylation, with altered protein repair processes; DNA hypomethylation, with an alteration in the allelic expression of genes regulated through methylation; and protein homocysteinylation. Further, this review is dealing with the 'reverse epidemiology' issue, outlining also the main Hcy-lowering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Satta
- I Divisione di Nefrologia, II Università degli Studi (SUN), Napoli - Italy
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Capasso R, Borrelli F, Capasso F, Siebert DJ, Stewart DJ, Zjawiony JK, Izzo AA. The hallucinogenic herb Salvia divinorum and its active ingredient salvinorin A inhibit enteric cholinergic transmission in the guinea-pig ileum. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2006; 18:69-75. [PMID: 16371085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a widespread hallucinogenic herb traditionally employed for divination, as well as a medicament for several disorders including disturbances of gastrointestinal motility. In the present study we evaluated the effect of a standardized extract from the leaves of S. divinorum (SDE) on enteric cholinergic transmission in the guinea-pig ileum. SDE reduced electrically evoked contractions without modifying the contractions elicited by exogenous acetylcholine, thus suggesting a prejunctional site of action. The inhibitory effect of SDE on twitch response was abolished by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and by the kappa-opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine, but not by naltrindole (a delta-opioid receptor antagonist), CTOP (a mu-opioid receptor antagonist), thioperamide (a H(3) receptor antagonist), yohimbine (an alpha(2)-receptor antagonist), methysergide (a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an inhibitor of NO synthase) or apamin (a blocker of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels). Salvinorin A, the main active ingredient of S. divinorum, inhibited in a nor-binaltorphimine- and naloxone-sensitive manner electrically induced contractions. It is concluded that SDE depressed enteric cholinergic transmission likely through activation of kappa-opioid receptors and this may provide the pharmacological basis underlying its traditional antidiarrhoeal use. Salvinorin A might be the chemical ingredient responsible for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Capasso
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Di Carlo G, Pacilio M, Capasso R, Di Carlo R. Effect on prolactin secretion of Echinacea purpurea, hypericum perforatum and Eleutherococcus senticosus. Phytomedicine 2005; 12:644-7. [PMID: 16194051 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently reported that prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in immune system regulation. In this study we investigated the activity of three natural drugs with immunomodulatory activity: Echinacea purpurea (EP), Hypericum perforatum (HP) and Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES) on PRL production. Male rats were orally treated with two different doses (30 and 100 mg/kg) of extract of these drugs for 3 or 15 days. A 3-day treatment was not able to modify PRL serum levels, whereas a 15-day treatment with EP and HP at the higher dose significantly inhibits PRL production. A treatment with ES was always ineffective. A possible mechanism for this effect could be that both HP and EP extracts display a direct dopaminergic activity, although an involvement of the GABA-ergic system cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Carlo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Trappoliere M, Tuccillo C, Federico A, Di Leva A, Niosi M, D'Alessio C, Capasso R, Coppola F, Dauria M, Loguercio C. The treatment of NAFLD. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2005; 9:299-304. [PMID: 16231594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an increasing cause of chronic liver damage. The decision of start a medical treatment is based on the documented risk of progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer, when steatohepatitis (NASH) occurs. The therapy of this syndrome requires, as obviously, some considerations on the natural history of the condition, on the efficacy and safety of various therapeutic options, as well as on the costs. Treatment of patients with NAFLD has typically been focused on the management of associated conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipemia. Weight loss improves insulin sensitivity, and NASH may resolve with weight reduction. Insulin resistance seems to be the common denominator in many cases of NAFLD. Two classes of drugs have been shown to correct insulin resistance: biguanides (e.g., metformin) and thiazolidinediones (e.g., rosiglitazone and pioglitazone). The last two decades have witnessed a considerable progress in the understanding of the mechanisms respon-sible for the fibrogenic progression of chronic liver diseases. Several drugs believed to be hepatoprotective or antifibrotic agent as UDCA, betaine, vitamin E, lecithin, beta-carotene and selenium have been used in patients with NASH. Silybin is the main component of silymarin that is absorbed when linked whith a phytosome. This substance reduces in rats the lipid-peroxidation and the activaction of hepatic stellate cells. In humans, some non controlled data show that silybin is able to reduce insulin resistance, liver steatosis and plasma markers of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trappoliere
- Intern University Research Center on Foods, Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Tract (CIRANAD), Unit of Gastroenterology, II University of Naples, Italy
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Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, Di Carlo G, Izzo AA, Mascolo N, Capasso F. Senna and the formation of aberrant crypt foci and tumors in rats treated with azoxymethane. Phytomedicine 2005; 12:501-5; discussion 505. [PMID: 16008128 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic use of anthraquinone laxatives has been blamed for the induction of habituation and the development of colonic cancer, but there are no definitive studies which have demonstrated this. To evaluate the carcinogenic potential of anthraquinones, the effect of long-term senna pod extract (SE) treatment on either healthy rats or rats treated with an initiating tumor agent (azoxymethane--AOM) has been studied. SE (30 and 60mg/kg), administered for 110 weeks, did not induce the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumors in healthy rats. The development of ACF and tumors in rats treated with AOM were significantly reduced by SE (30 and 60 mg/kg). These results suggest that a chronic SE use does not predispose to colon cancer. By contrast, SE might exert an anti-tumoral activity on rat colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Borrelli
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Via D. Montesano 80131 Naples, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Izzo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy. E-mail:
| | - R Capasso
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Capasso
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
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