1
|
Duck SA, Jansen E, Papantoni A, Sheltry A, Koinis-Mitchell D, D'Sa V, Deoni S, Moran TH, Findling RL, Mogayzel PJ, Carnell S. Parental perceptions of body weight and appetite in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis. Appetite 2024; 198:107357. [PMID: 38621592 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional status has clinical relevance and is a target of guidance to parents of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Growth is routinely monitored in CF clinics but there is no standardized way of assessing appetitive behaviors or parents' perceptions of their children's appetite. Greater understanding of these factors could improve clinical guidance regarding parent feeding behaviors. We therefore aimed to assess parent perceptions of child weight, and parent reports of child appetite using the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ), in a sample of infants and toddlers with CF, compared with a community sample. We additionally assessed relationships of parent perceptions of child weight with parent feeding behaviors in the sample with CF. Anthropometric and questionnaire data were collected for 32 infants and toddlers with CF, as well as 193 infants and toddlers drawn from RESONANCE, a community cohort study. Parents perceived children with CF to be lower in weight than their actual weight, to a greater extent than was evident in the community sample. Parents who perceived their children with CF to be underweight vs. right weight reported greater slowness in eating on the BEBQ. Parents perceived children with CF to have greater slowness in eating and lower enjoyment of food, compared to parents of children in the community sample, independent of sample differences in child weight, age, and sex. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of the BEBQ in a clinical sample and suggest it may be helpful for clinicians to assess parents' perceptions of their child's weight and appetite to promote a fuller understanding of the child's nutritional status, facilitate appropriate feeding behaviors and alleviate unnecessary concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ann Duck
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Elena Jansen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aerial Sheltry
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Viren D'Sa
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of Psychology, Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Robert L Findling
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Peter J Mogayzel
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aston SA, Caffo BS, Bhasin H, Moran TH, Tamashiro KL. Timing matters: The contribution of running during different periods of the light/dark cycle to susceptibility to activity-based anorexia in rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114349. [PMID: 37709000 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) exhibit dangerous weight loss due to restricted eating and hyperactivity. Those with AN are predominantly women and most cases have an age of onset during adolescence. Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is a rodent behavioral paradigm that recapitulates many of the features of AN including restricted food intake and hyperactivity, resulting in precipitous weight loss. In addition, there is enhanced sensitivity to the paradigm during adolescence. In ABA, animals are given time-restricted access to food and unlimited access to a running wheel. Under these conditions, most animals increase their running and decrease their food intake resulting in precipitous weight loss until they either die or researchers discontinue the paradigm. Some animals learn to balance their food intake and energy expenditure and are able to stabilize and eventually reverse their weight loss. For these studies, adolescent (postnatal day 33-42), female Sprague Dawley (n = 68) rats were placed under ABA conditions (unlimited access to a running wheel and 1.5 hrs access to food) until they either reached 25% body weight loss or for 7 days. 70.6% of subjects reached 25% body weight loss before 7 days and were designated susceptible to ABA while 29.4% animals were resistant to the paradigm and did not achieve the weight loss criterion. We used discrete time survival analysis to investigate the contribution of food intake and running behavior during distinct time periods both prior to and during ABA to the likelihood of reaching the weight loss criterion and dropping out of ABA. Our analyses revealed risk factors, including total running and dark cycle running, that increased the likelihood of dropping out of the paradigm, as well as protective factors, including age at the start of ABA, the percent of total running exhibited as food anticipatory activity (FAA), and food intake, that reduced the likelihood of dropping out. These measures had predictive value whether taken before or during exposure to ABA conditions. Our findings suggest that certain running and food intake behaviors may be indicative of a phenotype that predisposes animals to susceptibility to ABA. They also provide evidence that running during distinct time periods may reflect functioning of distinct neural circuitry and differentially influence susceptibility and resistance to the paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Andrew Aston
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Brian S Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Harshit Bhasin
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Currently: Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carnell S, Steele KE, Thapaliya G, Kuwubara H, Aghababian A, Papantoni A, Nandi A, Brašić JR, Moran TH, Wong DF. Milkshake Acutely Stimulates Dopamine Release in Ventral and Dorsal Striatum in Healthy-Weight Individuals and Patients with Severe Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2671. [PMID: 37375579 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The overconsumption of palatable energy-dense foods drives obesity, but few human studies have investigated dopamine (DA) release in response to the consumption of a palatable meal, a putative mediator of excess intake in obesity. We imaged [11C]raclopride in the brain with positron emission tomography (PET) to assess striatal dopamine (DA) receptor binding pre- and post-consumption of a highly palatable milkshake (250 mL, 420 kcal) in 11 females, 6 of whom had severe obesity, and 5 of whom had healthy-weight. Those with severe obesity underwent assessments pre- and 3 months post-vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Our results demonstrated decreased post- vs. pre-meal DA receptor binding in the ventral striatum (p = 0.032), posterior putamen (p = 0.012), and anterior caudate (p = 0.018), consistent with meal-stimulated DA release. Analysis of each group separately suggested that results in the caudate and putamen were disproportionately driven by meal-associated changes in the healthy-weight group. Baseline (pre-meal) DA receptor binding was lower in severe obesity than in the healthy-weight group. Baseline DA receptor binding and DA release did not change from pre- to post-surgery. The results of this small pilot study suggest that milkshake acutely stimulates DA release in the ventral and dorsal striatum. This phenomenon likely contributes to the overconsumption of highly palatable foods in the modern environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwubara
- Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anahys Aghababian
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - James R Brašić
- Section of High Resolution Brain Positron Emission Tomography Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhasin H, O'Brien SC, Cordner ZA, Aston SA, Tamashiro KLK, Moran TH. Activity-based anorexia in adolescent female rats causes changes in brain mitochondrial dynamics. Physiol Behav 2023; 261:114072. [PMID: 36599403 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality as well as a high rate of relapse. The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the disorder or the relapses are largely unknown. Patients with AN have been shown to have increased oxidative stress, but its involvement in the development in the disease is unknown. We have previously shown that adolescent female rats undergoing the activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm also show signs of oxidative stress. Due to their role in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria are of high interest in diseases exhibiting oxidative stress. In this study, the impact of ABA on brain mitochondrial dynamics was examined. We found transient changes in the medial prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus following 25% weight loss and changes in the amygdala at a 10-day weight recovery timepoint. These changes point towards damage in the mitochondria contributing to the oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Bhasin
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Shannon C O'Brien
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - S Andrew Aston
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Timothy H Moran
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith KR, Steele KE, Papantoni A, Harris C, Speck CL, Bakker A, Moran TH, Carnell S, Kamath V. The relationship between weight loss and cognitive function in bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:1976-1984. [PMID: 36271060 PMCID: PMC10023412 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported short-term improvements in auditory attention, oromotor processing speed, and executive function during the active weight loss phase following bariatric surgery that persisted out to 3 months. In this study, our aims were to investigate the relationship between weight loss and cognitive performance in these patients 1 year following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and to determine whether preoperative cognitive performance predicted weight loss. METHODS Adult women ages 18-55 approved for bariatric surgery completed a cognitive battery prior to and at 2, 12, 24, and 52 weeks following VSG (N = 17) or RYGB (N = 18). Scores from each task were assigned to one of the following cognitive domains: auditory attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning. Weight loss and cognitive scores for each domain were calculated and compared between cohorts. RESULTS RYGB surgery resulted in greater weight loss at 1-year follow-up relative to VSG. Both VSG and RYGB procedures resulted in improved performance on different measures of auditory attention and both surgery groups improved across all processing speed tasks. Within the executive function domain, both groups showed improvements, but only the RYGB procedure resulted in improved performance in the Trail Making Test. Baseline auditory attention and memory performance predicted weight loss at 1 year following RYGB but not VSG surgery. Controlling for baseline cognitive performance, percent total weight loss predicted auditory attention at 1 year following RYGB but not VSG surgery. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery type may result in selective improvements in cognition during the first year following surgery. Presurgical cognitive performance as well as surgery type appears to influence weight loss outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 316, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 316, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Civonnia Harris
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline L Speck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 316, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 316, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 316, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 316, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 316, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schade R, Song L, Cordner ZA, Ding H, Peterson DA, Moran TH, Tamashiro KL, Serre CBDL. Rat offspring's microbiota composition is predominantly shaped by the postnatal maternal diet rather than prenatal diet. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:113987. [PMID: 36198343 PMCID: PMC10088501 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of maternal diet during pregnancy versus lactation on offspring gut microbiota. Sprague-Dawley dams were fed high fat (HF) or Chow diets during pregnancy, and their male offspring were raised by a different dam consuming the same or opposite diet (Chow-Chow, Chow-HF, HF-Chow, and HF-HF). Microbiota analysis showed that maternal lactation diet, rather than pregnancy diet, determined offspring microbiota profiles at weaning. Increased abundances of Turicibacter, Staphylococcus , and Ruminococcus were characteristic of chow lactation groups. Lactococcus , Streptococcus , and Parabacteroides were characteristic of HF lactation groups and positively correlated with offspring body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Schade
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A; Current address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, U.S.A
| | - Lin Song
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Hua Ding
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hurley MM, Smith KR, Harris C, Goodman EJ, Carnell S, Kamath V, Moran TH, Steele KE. Investigating relationships between post-prandial gut hormone responses and taste liking ratings prior to and following bariatric surgery: a pilot study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:2114-2119. [PMID: 36045151 PMCID: PMC10805172 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in gut hormone secretion and reported changes in taste preferences have been suggested to contribute to the weight-reducing effects of bariatric surgery. However, a link between changes in gut hormone secretion and taste preferences following bariatric surgery has yet to be elucidated. METHODS Here we examined the potential relationships between gut hormone responses (GLP-1 and PYY3-36 peak, ghrelin trough) to a test meal of Ensure and liking ratings for taste mixtures varying in sugar and fat content before and following bariatric surgery (vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG): N = 4; Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB): N = 8). RESULTS Significant increases in GLP-1 and PYY3-36 peak and a significant drop in ghrelin trough were observed following surgery. Pre- and postoperation, patients with higher postprandial GLP-1 or PYY3-36 peaks gave lower liking ratings for mixtures containing a combination of fat and sugar (half and half + 20% added sugar) whereas, for the combined surgery analyses, no relationships were found with solutions comprised of high fat (half and half + 0% sugar), predominantly high sugar (skim milk + 20% added sugar), or low fat and low sugar (skim milk + 0% added sugar). Within the RYGB patients, patients with the greatest increase in postprandial GLP-1 peak from preoperation to postoperation also demonstrated the greatest decrease in liking for half & half + 20% added sugar and skim milk + 20% added sugar, but not the unsweetened version of each solution. No pre- or postoperative relationship between ghrelin and liking ratings were observed. CONCLUSION Gut hormone responses following bariatric surgery may contribute to taste processing of sugar+fat mixtures and together influence weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Hurley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly R Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Civonnia Harris
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan J Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Castro AL, Frankot M, Moran TH, Iñiguez SD, Treesukosol Y. Acute and long-lasting effects of adolescent fluoxetine exposure on feeding behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22345. [PMID: 36426786 PMCID: PMC10681029 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant medication fluoxetine (FLX) is frequently prescribed for the management of mood-related illnesses in the adolescent population-yet its long-term neurobehavioral consequences are not understood. To investigate how juvenile FLX exposure influences feeding behavior in adulthood, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, adolescent male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 20 mg/kg/day FLX (postnatal day [PND] 35-49) and exposed to a binge access paradigm in adulthood (PND72+) to evaluate potential alterations for sweetened-fat preference. No long-term FLX-induced differences in preference for sweetened fat versus chow, nor total caloric intake, were noted; however, females displayed higher preference for sweetened fat compared to males. In Experiment 2, PND35 male rats received FLX (PND35-49) and were exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) in adulthood (PND74-88). During treatment, FLX decreased body weight and intake (meal size), but not total meal number. Also, no differences in meal pattern parameters were observed after FLX completion. Likewise, no differences in meal pattern parameters to a palatable diet (45% fat, 17% sucrose) presented from PND74 to PND88, even after CVS, were observed. Our findings indicate that juvenile FLX reduces body weight gain acutely via reduced meal size intake; however, no long-term changes in ad libitum feeding behavior or binge access to a palatable stimulus are evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L. Castro
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Michelle Frankot
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy H. Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hurley MM, Nawari AN, Chen VX, O'Brien SC, Sabir AI, Goodman EJ, Wiles LJ, Biswas A, Aston SA, Khambadkone SG, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH. Adolescent female rats recovered from the activity-based anorexia display blunted hedonic responding. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1042-1053. [PMID: 35689569 PMCID: PMC9545546 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As patients with anorexia nervosa tend to "like" palatable tastants less than controls, we set out to model this preclinically by using the taste reactivity test (TRT) to assess hedonic state in rats following weight restoration from a bout of activity-based anorexia (ABA). METHOD Female rats (n = 31) were surgically implanted with an intraoral catheter, which allowed experimenters to assess baseline TRT to six tastants. Following baseline TRT, animals were either exposed to the activity-based anorexia condition (ABA; 1.5HR chow/ad lib wheel until 25% weight loss), kept sedentary (SED; ad lib chow/locked wheel), given access to running wheels with ad lib chow access (RW; ad lib chow/wheel), or were body weight matched to the ABA group (BWM; restricted chow/locked wheel). Following 25% weight loss, wheels were locked and food returned to ABA rats. Paired RW groups had their wheels locked and paired BWM rats were given ad lib access to food. Animals were given 10 days to recover prior to a second TRT. Videos were analyzed for liking (tongue protrusions) and disliking (gape) behaviors. RESULTS The ABA group displayed a significant within-subject reduction in cumulative lick responses to water and 1 M sucrose. Additionally, we found the SED and ABA group displayed a significant within-subject reduction in cumulative lick responses to .1 M sucrose. Positive hedonic responses did not decline in either the BWM or the RW groups. DISCUSSION The data show a novel phenomenon that a history of ABA results in an anhedonia phenotype that mirrors aspects of AN. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Patients recovered from anorexia nervosa report anhedonia, or the lack of pleasure in consuming palatable foods. Unfortunately, the biological mechanism underpinning anhedonia in anorexia nervosa is not well understood. The current study assessed hedonic state in adolescent female rats prior to and 10 days recovered following the activity-based anorexia paradigm. Age-matched, running wheel-matched and body weight-matched control groups were also tested at the same time points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Hurley
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ashraf N. Nawari
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Victoria X. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Shannon C. O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Aliasgher I. Sabir
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ethan J. Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lucas J. Wiles
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Aditi Biswas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sean Andrew Aston
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Seva G. Khambadkone
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kellie L. Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Timothy H. Moran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) or the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4) reduces food intake. Findings in the literature suggest CCK reduces intake primarily as a satiety signal whereas GLP-1 may play a role in both satiety and reward-related feeding signals. Compounds that humans describe as âsweetâ and âfattyâ are palatable yet are signaled via separate transduction pathways. Here, unconditioned lick responses to sucrose and intralipid were measured in a brief-access lick procedure in food-restricted male rats in response to i.p. administration of Ex-4 (3 h before test), CCK (30 min before test), or a combination of both. The current experimental design measures lick responses to water and varying concentrations of both sucrose (0.03, 0.1, and 0.5 M) and intralipid (0.2%, 2%, and 20%) during 10-s trials across a 30-min single test session. This design minimized postingestive influences. Compared with saline-injected controls, CCK (1.0, 3.0, or 6.0 µg/kg) did not change lick responses to sucrose or intralipid. Number of trials initiated and lick responses to both sucrose and intralipid were reduced in rats injected with 3.0 µg/kg, but not 1.0 µg/kg Ex-4. The supplement of CCK did not alter lick responses or trials initiated compared with Ex-4 administration alone. These findings support a role for GLP-1 but not CCK in the oral responsiveness to palatable stimuli. Furthermore, Ex-4-induced reductions were observed for both sucrose and intralipid, compounds representing âsweetâ and âfat,â respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States
- Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840-090, United States.
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Food intake is tightly controlled by homeostatic signals sensitive to metabolic need for the regulation of body weight. This review focuses on the peripherally-secreted gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine) that contribute to the control of appetite and discusses how these peptides or the signals arising from their release are disrupted in eating-related disorders across the weight spectrum, namely anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity, and whether they are normalized following weight restoration or weight loss treatment. Further, the role of gut peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment response in human weight conditions as identified by rodent models are discussed. Lastly, we review the incretin- and hormone-based pharmacotherapies available for the treatment of obesity and eating-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hurley MM, Murlanova K, Macias LK, Sabir AI, O'Brien SC, Bhasin H, Tamashiro KL, Pletnikov MV, Moran TH. Activity-based anorexia disrupts systemic oxidative state and induces cortical mitochondrial fission in adolescent female rats. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:639-645. [PMID: 33368559 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) display increased levels of oxidative stress that correlates with disease severity. Unfortunately, the biological ramifications of AN-induced oxidative stress on the brain are largely unknown. Our lab uses the preclinical activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm to model symptoms of AN. The goal of the present study was to determine how ABA experience affects oxidative state and its consequences in adolescent female rats. METHOD We compared systemic glutathione and cysteine plasma concentrations and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mitochondrial fission in ABA animals at maximum weight loss or following 10-days of weight recovery to levels in age-matched sedentary (SED) control rats. RESULTS ABA animals at maximum weight loss had significantly lower plasma levels of cysteine and glutathione compared to SED controls. Additionally, ABA animals at max weight loss have significantly more mPFC mitochondrial fission. There were no significant differences in plasma analyte levels or mitochondrial fission between weight recovered ABA animals and SED controls. DISCUSSION These data suggest that ABA experience results in oxidative stress that is remedied after weight restoration. The long-lasting ramifications of transient periods of increased oxidative stress are unknown and can lead to significant consequences on brain function and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Hurley
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kateryna Murlanova
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsey K Macias
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aliasgher I Sabir
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon C O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harshit Bhasin
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cordner ZA, Li Q, Liu L, Tamashiro KL, Bhargava A, Moran TH, Pasricha PJ. Vagal gut-brain signaling mediates amygdaloid plasticity, affect, and pain in a functional dyspepsia model. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144046. [PMID: 33591956 PMCID: PMC8026195 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is associated with chronic gastrointestinal distress and with anxiety and depression. Here, we hypothesized that aberrant gastric signals, transmitted by the vagus nerve, may alter key brain regions modulating affective and pain behavior. Using a previously validated rat model of FD characterized by gastric hypersensitivity, depression-like behavior, and anxiety-like behavior, we found that vagal activity - in response to gastric distention - was increased in FD rats. The FD phenotype was associated with gastric mast cell hyperplasia and increased expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (Crh) and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in the central amygdala. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reversed these changes and restored affective behavior to that of controls. Vagotomy partially attenuated pain responses to gastric distention, which may be mediated by central reflexes in the periaqueductal gray, as determined by local injection of lidocaine. Ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer, reduced vagal hypersensitivity, normalized affective behavior, and attenuated gastric hyperalgesia. In conclusion, vagal activity, partially driven by gastric mast cells, induces long-lasting changes in Crh signaling in the amygdala that may be responsible for enhanced pain and enhanced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Together, these results support a "bottom-up" pathway involving the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of both gastric pain and psychiatric comorbidity in FD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liansheng Liu
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and The Center for Reproductive Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Jay Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu J, Wang X, Ma R, Li T, Guo G, Ning B, Moran TH, Smith WW. AMPK signaling mediates synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs247742. [PMID: 33443093 PMCID: PMC7875497 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of synphilin-1 in neurons induces hyperphagia and obesity in a Drosophila model. However, the molecular pathways underlying synphilin-1-linked obesity remain unclear. Here, Drosophila models and genetic tools were used to study the synphilin-1-linked pathways in energy balance by combining molecular biology and pharmacological approaches. We found that expression of human synphilin-1 in flies increased AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation at Thr172 compared with that in non-transgenic flies. Knockdown of AMPK reduced AMPK phosphorylation and food intake in non-transgenic flies, and further suppressed synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, hyperphagia, fat storage and body weight gain in transgenic flies. Expression of constitutively activated AMPK significantly increased food intake and body weight gain in non-transgenic flies, but it did not alter food intake in the synphilin-1 transgenic flies. In contrast, expression of dominant-negative AMPK reduced food intake in both non-transgenic and synphilin-1 transgenic flies. Treatment with STO-609 also suppressed synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, hyperphagia and body weight gain. These results demonstrate that the AMPK signaling pathway plays a critical role in synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of synphilin-1-controlled energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tianxia Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Gongbo Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wanli W Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smith KR, Papantoni A, Veldhuizen MG, Kamath V, Harris C, Moran TH, Carnell S, Steele KE. Taste-related reward is associated with weight loss following bariatric surgery. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4370-4381. [PMID: 32427584 DOI: 10.1172/jci137772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDBariatric surgeries are the most effective treatments for successful and sustained weight loss, but individuals vary in treatment response. Understanding the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms accounting for this variation could lead to the development of personalized therapeutic approaches and improve treatment outcomes. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate changes in taste preferences and taste-induced brain responses after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and to identify potential taste-related predictors of weight loss.METHODSFemales, ages 18 to 55, with a body mass index greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2, and approved for bariatric surgery at the Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery were recruited for participation. Demographics, anthropometrics, liking ratings, and neural responses to varying concentrations of sucrose plus fat mixtures were assessed before and after surgery via visual analog scales and functional MRI.RESULTSBariatric surgery produced decreases in liking for sucrose-sweetened mixtures. Greater preference for sucrose-sweetened mixtures before surgery was associated with greater weight loss in RYGB, but not VSG. In the RYGB group only, individuals who showed lower taste-induced activation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) before surgery and greater changes in taste-induced VTA activation 2 weeks following surgery experienced increased weight loss.CONCLUSIONThe anatomical and/or metabolic changes associated with RYGB may more effectively "reset" the neural processing of reward stimuli, thereby rescuing the blunted activation in the mesolimbic pathway found in patients with obesity. Further, these findings suggest that RYGB may be particularly effective in patients with a preference for sweet foods.FUNDINGNIH K23DK100559 and Dalio Philanthropies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria G Veldhuizen
- Anatomy Department, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Civonnia Harris
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Center for Bariatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reed DR, Alhadeff AL, Beauchamp GK, Chaudhari N, Duffy VB, Dus M, Fontanini A, Glendinning JI, Green BG, Joseph PV, Kyriazis GA, Lyte M, Maruvada P, McGann JP, McLaughlin JT, Moran TH, Murphy C, Noble EE, Pepino MY, Pluznick JL, Rother KI, Saez E, Spector AC, Sternini C, Mattes RD. NIH Workshop Report: sensory nutrition and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:232-245. [PMID: 33300030 PMCID: PMC7779223 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2019, the NIH held the "Sensory Nutrition and Disease" workshop to challenge multidisciplinary researchers working at the interface of sensory science, food science, psychology, neuroscience, nutrition, and health sciences to explore how chemosensation influences dietary choice and health. This report summarizes deliberations of the workshop, as well as follow-up discussion in the wake of the current pandemic. Three topics were addressed: A) the need to optimize human chemosensory testing and assessment, B) the plasticity of chemosensory systems, and C) the interplay of chemosensory signals, cognitive signals, dietary intake, and metabolism. Several ways to advance sensory nutrition research emerged from the workshop: 1) refining methods to measure chemosensation in large cohort studies and validating measures that reflect perception of complex chemosensations relevant to dietary choice; 2) characterizing interindividual differences in chemosensory function and how they affect ingestive behaviors, health, and disease risk; 3) defining circuit-level organization and function that link and interact with gustatory, olfactory, homeostatic, visceral, and cognitive systems; and 4) discovering new ligands for chemosensory receptors (e.g., those produced by the microbiome) and cataloging cell types expressing these receptors. Several of these priorities were made more urgent by the current pandemic because infection with sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing coronavirus disease of 2019 has direct short- and perhaps long-term effects on flavor perception. There is increasing evidence of functional interactions between the chemosensory and nutritional sciences. Better characterization of this interface is expected to yield insights to promote health, mitigate disease risk, and guide nutrition policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber L Alhadeff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Nirupa Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Monica Dus
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alfredo Fontanini
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John I Glendinning
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry G Green
- The John B Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Nursing, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George A Kyriazis
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Lyte
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Padma Maruvada
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P McGann
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John T McLaughlin
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Murphy
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Yanina Pepino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristina I Rother
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan C Spector
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Catia Sternini
- Digestive Disease Division, Departments of Medicine and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khambadkone SG, Cordner ZA, Dickerson F, Severance EG, Prandovszky E, Pletnikov M, Xiao J, Li Y, Boersma GJ, Talbot CC, Campbell WW, Wright CS, Siple CE, Moran TH, Tamashiro KL, Yolken RH. Nitrated meat products are associated with mania in humans and altered behavior and brain gene expression in rats. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:560-571. [PMID: 30022042 PMCID: PMC7077736 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mania is a serious neuropsychiatric condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that environmental exposures can contribute to mania pathogenesis. We measured dietary exposures in a cohort of individuals with mania and other psychiatric disorders as well as in control individuals without a psychiatric disorder. We found that a history of eating nitrated dry cured meat but not other meat or fish products was strongly and independently associated with current mania (adjusted odds ratio 3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.24-5.45, p < 8.97 × 10-8). Lower odds of association were found between eating nitrated dry cured meat and other psychiatric disorders. We further found that the feeding of meat preparations with added nitrate to rats resulted in hyperactivity reminiscent of human mania, alterations in brain pathways that have been implicated in human bipolar disorder, and changes in intestinal microbiota. These findings may lead to new methods for preventing mania and for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seva G. Khambadkone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary A. Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Emily G. Severance
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emese Prandovszky
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mikhail Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gretha J. Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Present address: GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy H. Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kellie L. Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H. Yolken
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Nagarajan N, Portwood C, Smith KR, Kamath V, Carnell S, Moran TH, Steele KE. Does taste preference predict weight regain after bariatric surgery? Surg Endosc 2019; 34:2623-2629. [PMID: 31376009 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While bariatric surgery is well established as a means of inducing sustained weight loss, the rate of weight loss typically declines after a year, and weight regain has been observed. Preoperative taste preferences have been suspected to play a role in weight regain, possibly by influencing post-operative dietary practices. We sought to investigate the association between preoperative taste preferences and weight regain following bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients who underwent bariatric surgery with at least 2 years of follow-up were included. Demographics and weight were collected in follow-up visits; while patient recall of preoperative taste preference was assessed, using a multiple-choice question in the study survey administered at least 6 months post-surgery. Weight regain was calculated as weight at 2 years minus weight at 1 year post-surgery, with weight regain denoted by positive values and weight loss by negative. Linear regression models were utilized to study associations between weight regain and preoperative taste preferences with and without adjusting for demographic factors and surgery type. RESULTS Patients undergoing RYGB had less weight regain (- 4.5 kg, p = 0.033) compared to patients undergoing VSG. Compared to patients with no preferences, patients with sweet food or salty food preferences had 5.5 kg (p = 0.038) and 6.1 kg (p = 0.048) weight regain, respectively, at 2 years post-surgery. After adjustment, patients with salty food preference had 6.8 kg (p = 0.027) weight regain compared to patients with no preferences. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative salty taste preference was associated with weight regain at 2 years post-surgery in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Findings of this project might have implications for predicting long-term weight loss maintenance for patients with known preoperative taste preferences. Our study suggests that patients with preoperative salty taste preference may need further post-operative psychosocial support and resources to prevent weight regain and to ensure healthy and sufficient weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street MN 150, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Neeraja Nagarajan
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cecilia Portwood
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly R Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Papantoni A, Reinblatt SP, Findling RL, Moran TH, Mogayzel PJ, Carnell S. Appetitive characteristics in children with cystic fibrosis: Questionnaire validation and associations with nutritional status. Appetite 2019; 139:90-94. [PMID: 30946864 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appetitive characteristics are an important factor in the nutritional status of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We administered a brief parent-report eating behavior questionnaire, validated in healthy children, to determine the relationship between appetitive characteristics and body weight in children with CF. METHODS Parents of children attending the Johns Hopkins Pediatric CF Clinic completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) at a routine clinic visit. Responses were correlated with anthropometric and other clinical data. RESULTS Parents of 64 children with CF aged 7.74 ± 3.17 years (mean ± SD) completed the CEBQ. The CEBQ subscales demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.76-0.94). Higher scores on food avoidance subscales (Slowness in Eating) were associated with lower body mass index (BMI) z-scores, and higher scores on food approach subscales (Food Responsiveness, Enjoyment of Food, Emotional Overeating) with higher BMI z-scores. Children with feeding aids (i.e. gastric tube or appetite-stimulating medications) demonstrated greater food avoidance (Slowness in Eating) and lesser food approach (Enjoyment of Food) when compared to those without feeding aids. Children with pancreatic insufficiency also demonstrated greater food avoidance (Slowness in Eating). CONCLUSIONS The CEBQ can be used in a clinical setting to identify children with CF with appetitive characteristics associated with difficulty gaining weight. These children could potentially benefit from earlier interventions to aid in weight gain. Characterization of appetite using the CEBQ could aid investigation of the biological etiology of low appetite, and optimization of clinical and parental approaches to achieving a healthy nutritional status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Papantoni
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shauna P Reinblatt
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert L Findling
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Mogayzel
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Treesukosol Y, Inui-Yamamoto C, Mizuta H, Yamamoto T, Moran TH. Short-Term Exposure to a Calorically Dense Diet Alters Taste-Evoked Responses in the Chorda Tympani Nerve, But Not Unconditioned Lick Responses to Sucrose. Chem Senses 2019; 43:433-441. [PMID: 29860418 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon presentation of a calorically dense diet, rats display hyperphagia driven by increased meal size. The increased meal size and hyperphagia are most robust across the first several days of diet exposure before changes in body weight are evident, thus it is plausible that one of the factors that drives the hyperphagia may be enhanced orosensory responsivity. Here, electrophysiological responses to an array of taste stimuli were recorded from the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of the facial nerve that innervates taste receptors in the anterior tongue, of rats presented a high-energy (45% fat and 17% sucrose) diet for 3 days. Responses in the high-energy diet group were significantly higher for 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.3 M sucrose; 0.05 M Na-saccharin; and 0.01 M quinine compared with those of chow-fed controls. Another cohort of animals was tested in 30-min brief-access taste sessions (10-s trials) to a sucrose concentration series across the first 6 days of high-energy diet presentation. Both groups responded in a concentration-dependent manner. No significant group differences in unconditioned licking or trials initiated were revealed. Results from a third cohort of rats showed that responses to sucrose in a brief-access taste test also remained largely unchanged as a function of 3-day access to a sucrose solution. Taken together, these findings suggest that 3 days of high-energy diet exposure results in alterations to peripheral gustatory signaling yet these changes do not necessarily generalize to changes in responsiveness to sucrose, as least as measured in this procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Chizuko Inui-Yamamoto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Oral Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruno Mizuta
- Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang N, Zhang HY, Bi SA, Moran TH, Bi S. Differential regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus and dorsomedial hypothalamus in OLETF rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 703:79-85. [PMID: 30902570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. While the regulation of TRH in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in response to changes of energy balance has been well studied, how TRH is regulated in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) in maintaining energy homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of food restriction and exercise on hypothalamic Trh expression using Otsuka Long-Evens Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Sedentary ad lib fed OLETF rats (OLETF-SED) became hyperphagic and obese. These alterations were prevented in OLETF rats with running wheel access (OLETF-RW) or food restriction in which their food was pair-fed (OLETF-PF) to the intake of lean control rats (LETO-SED). Evaluation of hypothalamic gene expression revealed that Trh mRNA expression was increased in the PVN of OLETF-SED rats and normalized in OLETF-RW and OLETF-PF rats compared to LETO-SED rats. In contrast, the expression of Trh in the DMH was decreased in OLETF-SED rats relative to LETO-SED rats. This alteration was reversed in OLETF-RW rats as seen in LETO-SED rats, but food restriction resulted in a significant increase in DMH Trh expression in OLETF-PF rats compared to LETO-SED rats. Strikingly, while Trh mRNA expression was decreased in the PVN of intact rats in response to acute food deprivation, food deprivation resulted in increased expression of Trh in the DMH. Together, these results demonstrate the differential regulation of Trh expression in the PVN and DMH in OLETF rats and suggest that DMH TRH also contributes to hypothalamic regulation of energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sophia A Bi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cordner ZA, Khambadkone SG, Boersma GJ, Song L, Summers TN, Moran TH, Tamashiro KLK. Maternal high-fat diet results in cognitive impairment and hippocampal gene expression changes in rat offspring. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:92-100. [PMID: 31051155 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet has long been known to increase risk for obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Further evidence strongly suggests that these same metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment later in life. Now faced with an expanding global burden of obesity and increasing prevalence of dementia due to an aging population, understanding the effects of high-fat diet consumption on cognition is of increasingly critical importance. Further, the developmental origins of many adult onset neuropsychiatric disorders have become increasingly clear, indicating a need to investigate effects of various risk factors, including diet, across the lifespan. Here, we use a rat model to assess the effects of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on cognition and hippocampal gene expression of offspring. Behaviorally, adult male offspring of high-fat fed dams had impaired object recognition memory and impaired spatial memory compared to offspring of chow-fed dams. In hippocampus, we found decreased expression of Insr, Lepr, and Slc2a1 (GLUT1) among offspring of high-fat fed dams at postnatal day 21. The decreased expression of Insr and Lepr persisted at postnatal day 150. Together, these data provide additional evidence to suggest that maternal exposure to high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation can have lasting effects on the brain, behavior, and cognition on adult offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seva G Khambadkone
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tyler N Summers
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weiss CR, Abiola GO, Fischman AM, Cheskin LJ, Vairavamurthy J, Holly BP, Akinwande O, Nwoke F, Paudel K, Belmustakov S, Hong K, Patel RS, Shin EJ, Steele KE, Moran TH, Thompson RE, Dunklin T, Ziessman H, Kraitchman DL, Arepally A. Bariatric Embolization of Arteries for the Treatment of Obesity (BEAT Obesity) Trial: Results at 1 Year. Radiology 2019; 291:792-800. [PMID: 30938624 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Bariatric embolization is a new endovascular procedure to treat patients with obesity. However, the safety and efficacy of bariatric embolization are unknown. Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bariatric embolization in severely obese adults at up to 12 months after the procedure. Materials and Methods For this prospective study (NCT0216512 on ClinicalTrials.gov ), 20 participants (16 women) aged 27-68 years (mean ± standard deviation, 44 years ± 11) with mean body mass index of 45 ± 4.1 were enrolled at two institutions from June 2014 to February 2018. Transarterial embolization of the gastric fundus was performed using 300- to 500-µm embolic microspheres. Primary end points were 30-day adverse events and weight loss at up to 12 months. Secondary end points at up to 12 months included technical feasibility, health-related quality of life (Short Form-36 Health Survey ([SF-36]), impact of weight on quality of life (IWQOL-Lite), and hunger or appetite using a visual assessment scale. Analysis of outcomes was performed by using one-sample t tests and other exploratory statistics. Results Bariatric embolization was performed successfully for all participants with no major adverse events. Eight participants had a total of 11 minor adverse events. Mean excess weight loss was 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3%, 10%; P < .001) at 1 month, 11.5% (95% CI: 8.7%, 14%; P < .001) at 3 months, 12.8% (95% CI: 8.3%, 17%; P < .001) at 6 months, and 11.5% (95% CI: 6.8%, 16%; P < .001) at 12 months. From baseline to 12 months, mean SF-36 scores increased (mental component summary, from 46 ± 11 to 50 ± 10, P = .44; physical component summary, from 46 ± 8.0 to 50 ± 9.3, P = .15) and mean IWQOL-Lite scores increased from 57 ± 18 to 77 ± 18 (P < .001). Hunger or appetite decreased for 4 weeks after embolization and increased thereafter, without reaching pre-embolization levels. Conclusion Bariatric embolization is well tolerated in severely obese adults, inducing appetite suppression and weight loss for up to 12 months. Published under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford R Weiss
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Godwin O Abiola
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Aaron M Fischman
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Lawrence J Cheskin
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Jay Vairavamurthy
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Brian P Holly
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Olaguoke Akinwande
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Franklin Nwoke
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Kalyan Paudel
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Stephen Belmustakov
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Kelvin Hong
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Rahul S Patel
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Eun J Shin
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Timothy H Moran
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Richard E Thompson
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Taylor Dunklin
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Harvey Ziessman
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Dara L Kraitchman
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| | - Aravind Arepally
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.R.W., J.V., B.P.H., O.A., F.N., K.P., K.H., T.D., H.Z., D.L.K.), Department of Medicine (E.J.S.), Department of Surgery (K.E.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (T.H.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society (L.J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.E.T.), The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (G.O.A., S.B.); Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smedh U, Scott KA, Moran TH. Pretreatment with a CRF antagonist amplifies feeding inhibition induced by fourth ventricular cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:11. [PMID: 30885137 PMCID: PMC6421688 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-treatment with the corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist α-helical CRF9-41 prevents inhibition of gastric emptying by cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide at a dorsal hindbrain level, but its inhibition of sucrose intake is not affected. This is suggestive of separable underlying mechanisms of action in the caudal brainstem for cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide with regard to food intake and gastrointestinal functions. Here we further examine cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide—corticotropin-releasing factor receptor interactions in caudal brainstem controls of solid food intake. Injections of combinations of vehicle, cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (0.5 μg or 1 μg) or α-helical CRF9-41 were given into the fourth cerebral ventricle of rats. Nocturnal solid food intake was recorded over 22 h. Results Pre-treatment with α-helical CRF9-41 into the fourth ventricle significantly increased the responsivity to cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide on hypophagia. In a separate control experiment, α-helical CRF9-41 pre-treatment blocked CRF-induced food intake inhibition indicative of its antagonistic effectiveness. Conclusions We conclude that an endogenous Corticotropin-releasing factor agonist may modulate suppression of food intake caused by cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide at a dorsal hindbrain level in the absence of stress. A potential caudal brainstem mechanism whereby cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide effects on food intake is attenuated via corticotropin-releasing factor receptor activity causing tonic inhibition, is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Smedh
- The Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karen A Scott
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Treesukosol Y, Moran TH. Cross-Generalization Profile to Orosensory Stimuli of Rats Conditioned to Avoid a High Fat/High Sugar Diet. Chem Senses 2019; 43:181-188. [PMID: 29401249 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The orosensory characteristics of a diet play a role in its acceptance and rejection. The current study was designed to investigate the gustatory components that contribute to the intake of a palatable, high-energy diet (HE; 45% calories from fat, 17% calories from sucrose). Here, rats were conditioned to avoid HE diet by pairings with i.p. injections of LiCl to induce visceral malaise. Subsequently, the degree of generalization was tested to an array of taste compounds using a brief-access lick procedure (10-s trials, 30-min sessions). Compared to NaCl-injected controls, LiCl-injected rats suppressed licking response to 100% linoleic acid and 20% intralipid, and to a lesser extent 17% sucrose. There was more variability in the lick responses to sucrose among the LiCl-injected rats. Rats that tended to suppress licking responses to sucrose generalized this response to glucose, fructose and Na-saccharin but not to Polycose. In contrast, LiCl-injected rats did not significantly suppress lick responses to water, NaCl, citric acid, or quinine compared to controls rats. The brief access feature of this procedure, allows for behavioral measures when postingestive factors are minimized. These findings support a role for gustatory cues in the detection of high fat/high sugar diets. Furthermore, it appears that the fat component is a more salient orosensory feature of the HE diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Albertz J, Boersma GJ, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH. The effects of scheduled running wheel access on binge-like eating behavior and its consequences. Appetite 2018; 126:176-184. [PMID: 29654852 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is an eating disorder involving repeated, intermittent over consumption of food in brief periods of time, usually with no compensatory behaviors. There are few successful treatments and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we hypothesized that voluntary running wheel (RW) activity could reduce binge-like eating behavior in a rat model. Rats were given intermittent (3 times/wk) limited (1hr) access to a high-fat food (Crisco), in addition to continuously available chow. Crisco was available every Mon, Wed, and Fri for 1hr before dark onset. Rats were divided into 2 groups: those with RW access during the first half of the experiment and sedentary during the second half (RW-SED) and those that were sedentary during the first half of the experiment and had RW access during the second half (SED-RW). Crisco intake was significantly less in both groups during the period of time with a RW present. Within the bingeing RW-SED rats, the gene expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY were similar to a non-bingeing sedentary control (CON) group, while the expression of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC was significantly increased relative to the SED-RW and CON groups. Despite elevated POMC, the rats continued to binge. Additionally, within both groups, the gene expression of the D2R and Oprm1 in the NAc and the VTA were altered suggesting that the reward system was stimulated by both the bingeing behavior and the running wheel activity. Overall, access to a RW and the resulting activity significantly reduced binge-like behavior as well as modulated the effects of binging on brain appetite and reward systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Albertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Langhans W, Adan R, Arnold M, Banks WA, Card JP, Dailey MJ, Daniels D, de Kloet AD, de Lartigue G, Dickson S, Fedele S, Grill HJ, Jansson JO, Kaufman S, Kolar G, Krause E, Lee SJ, Le Foll C, Levin BE, Lutz TA, Mansouri A, Moran TH, Pacheco-López G, Ramachandran D, Raybould H, Rinaman L, Samson WK, Sanchez-Watts G, Seeley RJ, Skibicka KP, Small D, Spector AC, Tamashiro KL, Templeton B, Trapp S, Tso P, Watts AG, Weissfeld N, Williams D, Wolfrum C, Yosten G, Woods SC. New horizons for future research - Critical issues to consider for maximizing research excellence and impact. Mol Metab 2018; 14:53-59. [PMID: 29886182 PMCID: PMC6034110 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Adan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Dept. of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CG, The Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Patrick Card
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Megan J Dailey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Derek Daniels
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Annette D de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Suzanne Dickson
- Dept Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shahana Fedele
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Harvey J Grill
- Lynch Laboratories University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Dept Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sharon Kaufman
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Grant Kolar
- Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Eric Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Shin J Lee
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barry E Levin
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Abdelhak Mansouri
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Health Sciences Department, Lerma, Edo Mex, 52005, Mexico
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Helen Raybould
- Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Linda Rinaman
- Florida State University, Dept. of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL, 32303, USA
| | - Willis K Samson
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Graciela Sanchez-Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Nutritional Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dana Small
- Yale University School of Medicine, The Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alan C Spector
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian Templeton
- Midwest Community Fundraising, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, 45223, USA
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
| | - Alan G Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nadja Weissfeld
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schorenstr. 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Diana Williams
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Translational Nutrition Biology Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Gina Yosten
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Stephen C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Smedh U, Scott KA, Moran TH. Fourth ventricular thyrotropin induces satiety and increases body temperature in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R734-R740. [PMID: 29351420 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00107.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Besides its well-known action to stimulate thyroid hormone release, thyrotropin mRNA is expressed within the brain, and thyrotropin and its receptor have been shown to be present in brain areas that control feeding and gastrointestinal function. Here, the hypothesis that thyrotropin acts on receptors in the hindbrain to alter food intake and/or gastric function was tested. Fourth ventricular injections of thyrotropin (0.06, 0.60, and 6.00 µg) were given to rats with chronic intracerebroventricular cannulas aimed at the fourth ventricle. Thyrotropin produced an acute reduction of sucrose intake (30 min). The highest dose of thyrotropin caused inhibition of overnight solid food intake (22 h). In contrast, subcutaneous administration of corresponding thyrotropin doses had no effect on nutrient intake. The highest effective dose of fourth ventricular thyrotropin (6 µg) did not produce a conditioned flavor avoidance in a standardized two-bottle test, nor did it affect water intake or gastric emptying of glucose. Thyrotropin injected in the fourth ventricle produced a small but significant increase in rectal temperature and lowered plasma levels of tri-iodothyronin but did not affect plasma levels of thyroxine. In addition, there was a tendency toward a reduction in blood glucose 2 h after fourth ventricular thyrotropin injection ( P = 0.056). In conclusion, fourth ventricular thyrotropin specifically inhibits food intake, increases core temperature, and lowers plasma levels of tri-iodothyronin but does not affect gastromotor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Smedh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Karen A Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Beheshti R, Treesukosol Y, Igusa T, Moran TH. A predictive model of rat calorie intake as a function of diet energy density. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R256-R266. [PMID: 29341825 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00337.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Easy access to high-energy food has been linked to high rates of obesity in the world. Understanding the way that access to palatable (high fat or high calorie) food can lead to overconsumption is essential for both preventing and treating obesity. Although the body of studies focused on the effects of high-energy diets is growing, our understanding of how different factors contribute to food choices is not complete. In this study, we present a mathematical model that can predict rat calorie intake to a high-energy diet based on their ingestive behavior to a standard chow diet. Specifically, we propose an equation that describes the relation between the body weight ( W), energy density ( E), time elapsed from the start of diet ( T), and daily calorie intake ( C). We tested our model on two independent data sets. Our results show that the suggested model can predict the calorie intake patterns with high accuracy. Additionally, the only free parameter of our proposed equation (ρ), which is unique to each animal, has a strong correlation with their calorie intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatollah Beheshti
- Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center , Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychology, California State University , Long Beach, California
| | - Takeru Igusa
- Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center , Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center , Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Alterations in gut hormone signaling are a likely contributing factor to the metabolic disturbances associated with overweight/obesity as they coordinate the timing of feeding behavior, absorption, and utilization of nutrients. These hormones are released in response to food intake, or follow a circadian or anticipatory pattern of secretion that is independent of nutrient stimulation. The aim of this study was to identify the degree to which high-fat diet-induced obesity would alter the daily rhythm of gut peptide plasma levels (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1], peptide YY [PYY], insulin or amylin [AMY]) or meal-induced levels in the middle of the light or dark cycle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (OBESE) or chow (LEAN), implanted with jugular catheters, and blood samples were taken every 2 h throughout the light/dark cycle while freely feeding or after an Ensure liquid meal. We found that even when OBESE and LEAN animals ate the same kcals and have a similar pattern of food intake, there is a difference in both the levels and rhythm of plasma gut peptides. GLP-1 and PYY are higher during the light cycle in LEAN animals and AMY is higher in the OBESE group throughout the light/dark cycle. There was also a differential response of plasma gut signals after the Ensure meal, even though the composition and amount of intake of the meal were the same in both groups. These changes occur prior to the high-fat diet induced loss of glycemic control and may be a target for early intervention. Impact statement The aim of this study was to test if obesity would alter the daily rhythm of gut peptides or meal-induced levels in the middle of the light or dark cycle. We found that even when animals are eating the same amount (in kcal) of food that the obese animals have altered daily rhythms and meal-induced gut peptide levels. In particular, we are the first to show that obesity induces increases in peptide YY levels during the light cycle and amylin remains high throughout the light and dark cycle in obese animals. These changes occurred prior to a loss of glycemic control. Thus, the rhythm of gut peptides could be used as an early indicator of later and more serious metabolic disturbances and may be a target for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Moghadam
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10591, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Megan J Dailey
- 3 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Johnson MD, Moran TH. Modulation of receptor signaling by metabolic environment. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:437-438. [PMID: 28701301 PMCID: PMC5525131 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.161554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and,Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim YJ, Schroeder M, Liang NC, Moran TH, Weller A, Bi S. Effects of early postnatal environment on hypothalamic gene expression in OLETF rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178428. [PMID: 28575002 PMCID: PMC5456065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that the early postnatal environment has the ability to modify the obesity phenotype of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. To determine whether this early postnatal environment affects hypothalamic signaling systems involved in energy balance, OLETF pups and lean Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) pups were cross-fostered to same or opposite strain Dams (designated as LdLp: LETO pups with LETO dams; LdOp: OLETF pups with LETO dams; OdLp: LETO pups with OLETF dams; and OdOp: OLETF pups with OLETF dams). Hypothalamic gene expression was examined at postnatal day 23 (PND 23) and PND 90 as OdOp rats started to gain more body weight at PND 23 and developed obesity at PND 90 relative to lean control LdLp rats. On PND 23, neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression was significantly increased in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) in both LdOp and OdOp pups compared to LdLp pups. Maternal environment did not affect DMH Npy expression in LETO weanlings. On PND 90, maternal environment during the cross-fostering period had a major effect on DMH Npy expression. Levels were significantly increased in both OdOp and OdLp rats relative to those in LdOp rats and LdLp controls. Reduced expression of Npy in the DMH of LdOp rats was consistent with their reduction of body weight compared to OdOp rats. In contrast to DMH Npy, gene expression for Npy and proopiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus appeared to appropriately respond to alterations in body weight and plasma leptin levels. Levels of oxytocin gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus were lower in offspring raised by LETO dams apparently responding to the higher DMH NPY levels. Together, our results demonstrate effects of both genotype and early postnatal environment on obesity of OLETF rats and further suggest an important role of DMH NPY in the development of obesity of OLETF rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonwook J. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mariana Schroeder
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy H. Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aron Weller
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song L, Sun B, Boersma GJ, Cordner ZA, Yan J, Moran TH, Tamashiro KLK. Prenatal high-fat diet alters placental morphology, nutrient transporter expression, and mtorc1 signaling in rat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:909-919. [PMID: 28332771 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine how the rat placenta and fetus respond to maternal high-fat (HF) diet during gestation and to identify the possible mechanisms. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with standard chow (13.5% fat) or HF (60% fat) diet during gestation. Placentas were collected on gestation day 21. RESULTS HF dams had greater fat mass, higher plasma leptin, lower plasma adiponectin, and impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy. The placental labyrinth thickness was reduced in both male and female fetuses of HF dams. In HF male placentas, glucose transporter 3 gene expression, system A amino acid transporter (SNAT) 2 gene expression, and SNAT2 protein expression were increased through the activation of the mTORC1 4EBP1 branch. In HF female placentas, gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and IGF2 receptor was elevated compared to placentas of females fed standard chow. Although male and female placentas responded differently to prenatal HF diet exposure, both male and female fetal weight was not altered by maternal HF diet. CONCLUSIONS Placenta responds and adapts to maternal metabolic changes by altering placental layer thickness, mTORC1 signaling, expression of nutrient transporters, and growth factors in a sex-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Weiss CR, Akinwande O, Paudel K, Cheskin LJ, Holly B, Hong K, Fischman AM, Patel RS, Shin EJ, Steele KE, Moran TH, Kaiser K, Park A, Shade DM, Kraitchman DL, Arepally A. Clinical Safety of Bariatric Arterial Embolization: Preliminary Results of the BEAT Obesity Trial. Radiology 2017; 283:598-608. [PMID: 28195823 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016160914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To conduct a pilot prospective clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and short-term efficacy of bariatric embolization, a recently developed endovascular procedure for the treatment of obesity, in patients with severe obesity. Materials and Methods This is an institutional review board- and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved prospective physician-initiated investigational device exemption study. This phase of the study ran from June 2, 2014, to August 4, 2015. Five severely obese patients (four women, one man) who were 31-49 years of age and who had a mean body mass index of 43.8 kg/m2 ± 2.9 with no clinically important comorbidities were enrolled in this study. Transarterial embolization of the gastric fundus with fluoroscopic guidance was performed with 300-500-μm Embosphere microspheres. The primary end point was 30-day adverse events (AEs). The secondary end points included short-term weight loss, serum obesity-related hormone levels, hunger and satiety assessments, and quality of life (QOL) surveys, reported up to 3 months. Simple statistics of central tendencies and variability were calculated. No hypothesis testing was performed. Results The left gastric artery, with or without the gastroepiploic artery, was embolized in five patients, with a technical success rate of 100%. There were no major AEs. There were two minor AEs-subclinical pancreatitis and a mucosal ulcer that had healed by the time of 3-month endoscopy. A hospital stay of less than 48 hours for routine supportive care was provided for three patients. Mean excess weight loss of 5.9% ± 2.4 and 9.0% ± 4.1 was noted at 1 month and at 3 months, respectively. Mean change in serum ghrelin was 8.7% ± 34.7 and -17.5% ± 29 at 1 month and 3 months, respectively. Mean changes in serum glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY were 106.6% ± 208.5 and 17.8% ± 54.8 at 1 month. There was a trend toward improvement in QOL parameters. Hunger/appetite scores decreased in the first 2 weeks after the procedure and then rose without reaching preprocedure levels. Conclusion Bariatric embolization is feasible and appears to be well tolerated in severely obese patients. In this small patient cohort, it appears to induce appetite suppression and may induce weight loss. Further expansion of this study will provide more insight into the long-term safety and efficacy of bariatric embolization. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford R Weiss
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Olaguoke Akinwande
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Kaylan Paudel
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Lawrence J Cheskin
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Brian Holly
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Kelvin Hong
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Aaron M Fischman
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Rahul S Patel
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Eun J Shin
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Timothy H Moran
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Kristen Kaiser
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Amie Park
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - David M Shade
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Dara L Kraitchman
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| | - Aravind Arepally
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.R.W., O.A., K.P., B.H., K.H., D.L.K.), Gastroenterology and Hepatology (E.J.S.), Surgery (K.E.S.), and Psychiatry (T.H.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (L.J.C.); Department of Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.M.F., R.S.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md (K.K., A.P., D.M.S.); and Department of Radiology, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Moghadam AA, Moran TH, Dailey MJ. Jejunal Infusion of Glucose Decreases Energy Intake to a Greater Extent than Fructose in Adult Male Rats. J Nutr 2016; 146:2124-2128. [PMID: 27581579 PMCID: PMC5037871 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.231860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal nutrient infusions result in variable decreases in energy intake and body weight based on nutrient type and specific intestinal infusion site. OBJECTIVE The objective was to test whether an intrajejunal fructose infusion (FRU) would lower energy intake and body weight and induce similar increases in gut hormones as those found after intrajejunal glucose infusions (GLU). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intrajejunal infusion of either an equal kilocalorie load of glucose or fructose (11.4 kcal) or saline (SAL) for 5 d while intake of a standard rodent diet was continuously recorded; body weight was measured daily. Immediately after the infusion on the final day, rats were killed and plasma was collected to measure hormones. RESULTS Daily energy intake was significantly lower in the GLU group than in the SAL group, but the FRU group did not differ from the GLU or SAL groups when the 11.4 kcal of the infusate was included as energy intake. Lower energy intake was due to smaller meal sizes during the infusion period in the GLU group than in the FRU and SAL groups; the FRU and SAL groups did not differ. The percentage of change in body weight was lower in the GLU group than in the FRU and SAL groups. Plasma glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations were greater in the GLU group than in the SAL group; the FRU group did not differ from the GLU or SAL groups. The plasma insulin concentration was greater in the FRU group than in both the GLU and SAL groups. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that glucose induces a greater decrease in energy intake and increase in GLP-1 at distal intestinal sites than fructose in rats, which may explain differential effects of these monosaccharides between studies when delivered orally or along the proximal to distal axis of the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Moghadam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD; and
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD; and
| | - Megan J Dailey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
de La Serre CB, Kim YJ, Moran TH, Bi S. Dorsomedial hypothalamic NPY affects cholecystokinin-induced satiety via modulation of brain stem catecholamine neuronal signaling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R930-R939. [PMID: 27534875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00184.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has been shown to cause hyperphagia, but the pathway underlying this effect remains less clear. Hypothalamic neural systems play a key role in the control of food intake, in part, by modulating the effects of meal-related signals, such as cholecystokinin (CCK). An increase in DMH NPY gene expression decreases CCK-induced satiety. Since activation of catecholaminergic neurons within the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) contributes to the feeding effects of CCK, we hypothesized that DMH NPY modulates NTS neural catecholaminergic signaling to affect food intake. We used an adeno-associated virus system to manipulate DMH NPY gene expression in rats to examine this pathway. Viral-mediated hrGFP anterograde tracing revealed that DMH NPY neurons project to the NTS; the projections were in close proximity to catecholaminergic neurons, and some contained NPY. Viral-mediated DMH NPY overexpression resulted in an increase in NPY content in the NTS, a decrease in NTS tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, and reduced exogenous CCK-induced satiety. Knockdown of DMH NPY produced the opposite effects. Direct NPY administration into the fourth ventricle of intact rats limited CCK-induced satiety and overall TH phosphorylation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DMH NPY descending signals affect CCK-induced satiety, at least in part, via modulation of NTS catecholaminergic neuronal signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yonwook J Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Understanding the neural systems underlying the controls of energy balance has been greatly advanced by identifying the deficits and underlying mechanisms in rodent obesity models. The current review focuses on the Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat obesity model. Since its recognition in the 1990s, significant progress has been made in identifying the causes and consequences of obesity in this model. Fundamental is a deficit in the cholecystokinin (CCK)-1 receptor gene resulting in the absence of CCK-1 receptors in both the gastrointestinal track and the brain. OLETF rats have a deficit in their ability to limit the size of meals and in contrast to CCK-1 receptor knockout mice, do not compensate for this increase in the size of their spontaneous meals, resulting in hyperphagia. Prior to becoming obese and in response to pair feeding, OLETF rats have increased expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the compact region of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and this overexpression contributes to their overall hyperphagia. Study of the OLETF rats has revealed important differences in the organization of the DMH in rats and mice and elucidated previously unappreciated roles for DMH NPY in energy balance and glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Bi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yao Q, Pho H, Kirkness J, Ladenheim EE, Bi S, Moran TH, Fuller DD, Schwartz AR, Polotsky VY. Localizing Effects of Leptin on Upper Airway and Respiratory Control during Sleep. Sleep 2016; 39:1097-106. [PMID: 26951402 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obesity hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea are common complications of obesity linked to defects in respiratory pump and upper airway neural control. Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice have impaired ventilatory control and inspiratory flow limitation during sleep, which are both reversed with leptin. We aimed to localize central nervous system (CNS) site(s) of leptin action on respiratory and upper airway neuroventilatory control. METHODS We localized the effect of leptin to medulla versus hypothalamus by administering intracerbroventricular leptin (10 μg/2 μL) versus vehicle to the lateral (n = 14) versus fourth ventricle (n = 11) of ob/ob mice followed by polysomnographic recording. Analyses were stratified for effects on respiratory (nonflow-limited breaths) and upper airway (inspiratory flow limitation) functions. CNS loci were identified by (1) leptin-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and (2) projections of respiratory and upper airway motoneurons with a retrograde transsynaptic tracer (pseudorabies virus). RESULTS Both routes of leptin administration increased minute ventilation during nonflow-limited breathing in sleep. Phrenic motoneurons were synaptically coupled to the nucleus of the solitary tract, which also showed STAT3 phosphorylation, but not to the hypothalamus. Inspiratory flow limitation and obstructive hypopneas were attenuated by leptin administration to the lateral but not to the fourth cerebral ventricle. Upper airway motoneurons were synaptically coupled with the dorsomedial hypothalamus, which exhibited STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Leptin relieves upper airway obstruction in sleep apnea by activating the forebrain, possibly in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. In contrast, leptin upregulates ventilatory control through hindbrain sites of action, possibly in the nucleus of the solitary tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology; Preclinical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huy Pho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jason Kirkness
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ellen E Ladenheim
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David D Fuller
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alan R Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Boersma GJ, Liang NC, Lee RS, Albertz JD, Kastelein A, Moody LA, Aryal S, Moran TH, Tamashiro KL. Failure to upregulate Agrp and Orexin in response to activity based anorexia in weight loss vulnerable rats characterized by passive stress coping and prenatal stress experience. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 67:171-81. [PMID: 26907996 PMCID: PMC4808341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that anorexia nervosa (AN) poses a physiological stress. Therefore, the way an individual copes with stress may affect AN vulnerability. Since prenatal stress (PNS) exposure alters stress responsivity in offspring this may increase their risk of developing AN. We tested this hypothesis using the activity based anorexia (ABA) rat model in control and PNS rats that were characterized by either proactive or passive stress-coping behavior. We found that PNS passively coping rats ate less and lost more weight during the ABA paradigm. Exposure to ABA resulted in higher baseline corticosterone and lower insulin levels in all groups. However, leptin levels were only decreased in rats with a proactive stress-coping style. Similarly, ghrelin levels were increased only in proactively coping ABA rats. Neuropeptide Y (Npy) expression was increased and proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) expression was decreased in all rats exposed to ABA. In contrast, agouti-related peptide (Agrp) and orexin (Hctr) expression were increased in all but the PNS passively coping ABA rats. Furthermore, DNA methylation of the orexin gene was increased after ABA in proactive coping rats and not in passive coping rats. Overall our study suggests that passive PNS rats have innate impairments in leptin and ghrelin in responses to starvation combined with prenatal stress associated impairments in Agrp and orexin expression in response to starvation. These impairments may underlie decreased food intake and associated heightened body weight loss during ABA in the passively coping PNS rats.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yarandi SS, Peterson DA, Treisman GJ, Moran TH, Pasricha PJ. Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 22:201-12. [PMID: 27032544 PMCID: PMC4819858 DOI: 10.5056/jnm15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. It was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potentially lead to increased intestinal permeability and impair the function of the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, neuro-active compounds and metabolites can gain access to the areas within the central nervous system that regulate cognition and emotional responses. Deregulated inflammatory response, promoted by harmful microbiota, can activate the vagal system and impact neuropsychological functions. Some bacteria can produce peptides or short chain fatty acids that can affect gene expression and inflammation within the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi S Yarandi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Glen J Treisman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Boersma GJ, Treesukosol Y, Cordner ZA, Kastelein A, Choi P, Moran TH, Tamashiro KL. Exposure to activity-based anorexia impairs contextual learning in weight-restored rats without affecting spatial learning, taste, anxiety, or dietary-fat preference. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:167-79. [PMID: 26711541 PMCID: PMC4777973 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Relapse rates are high amongst cases of anorexia nervosa (AN) suggesting that some alterations induced by AN may remain after weight restoration. OBJECTIVE To study the consequences of AN without confounds of environmental variability, a rodent model of activity-based anorexia (ABA) can be employed. We hypothesized that exposure to ABA during adolescence may have long-term consequences in taste function, cognition, and anxiety-like behavior after weight restoration. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we exposed adolescent female rats to ABA (1.5 h food access, combined with voluntary running wheel access) and compared their behavior to that of control rats after weight restoration was achieved. The rats were tested for learning/memory, anxiety, food preference, and taste in a set of behavioral tests performed during the light period. RESULTS Our data show that ABA exposure leads to reduced performance during the novel object recognition task, a test for contextual learning, without altering performance in the novel place recognition task or the Barnes maze, both tasks that test spatial learning. Furthermore, we do not observe alterations in unconditioned lick responses to sucrose nor quinine (described by humans as "sweet" and "bitter," respectively). Nor Do we find alterations in anxiety-like behavior during an elevated plus maze or an open field test. Finally, preference for a diet high in fat is not altered. DISCUSSION Overall, our data suggest that ABA exposure during adolescence impairs contextual learning in adulthood without altering spatial leaning, taste, anxiety, or fat preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretha J. Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Zachary A. Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Anneke Kastelein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Pique Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Timothy H. Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Kellie L. Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Boersma GJ, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH, Liang NC. Corticosterone administration in drinking water decreases high-fat diet intake but not preference in male rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R733-43. [PMID: 26818055 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00371.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the mechanisms through which regular exercise contributes to weight maintenance could be by reducing intake and preference for high-fat (HF) diets. Indeed, we previously demonstrated that wheel-running rats robustly reduced HF diet intake and preference. The reduced HF diet preference by wheel running can be so profound that the rats consumed only the chow diet and completely avoided the HF diet. Because previous research indicates that exercise activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increases circulating levels of corticosterone, this study tested the hypothesis that elevation of circulating corticosterone is involved in wheel running-induced reduction in HF diet preference in rats.Experiment 1 measured plasma corticosterone levels under sedentary and wheel-running conditions in the two-diet-choice (high-carbohydrate chow vs. HF) feeding regimen. The results revealed that plasma corticosterone is significantly increased and positively correlated with the levels of running in wheel-running rats with two-diet choice.Experiments 2 and 3 determined whether elevated corticosterone without wheel running is sufficient to reduce HF diet intake and preference. Corticosterone was elevated by adding it to the drinking water. Compared with controls, corticosterone-drinking rats had reduced HF diet intake and body weight, but the HF diet preference between groups did not differ. The results of this study support a role for elevated corticosterone on the reduced HF diet intake during wheel running. The elevation of corticosterone alone, however, is not sufficient to produce a robust reduction in HF diet preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dailey MJ, Moran TH, Holland PC, Johnson AW. The antagonism of ghrelin alters the appetitive response to learned cues associated with food. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:191-200. [PMID: 26802728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in obesity may be partly mediated by an increase in the exposure to cues for food. Food-paired cues play a role in food procurement and intake under conditions of satiety. The mechanism by which this occurs requires characterization, but may involve ghrelin. This orexigenic peptide alters the response to food-paired conditioned stimuli, and neural responses to food images in reward nuclei. Therefore, we tested whether a ghrelin receptor antagonist alters the influence of food-paired cues on the performance of instrumental responses that earn food and the consumption of food itself using tests of Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) and cue potentiated feeding (CPF), respectively. Food-deprived rats received Pavlovian conditioning where an auditory cue was paired with delivery of sucrose solution followed by instrumental conditioning to lever press for sucrose. Following training, rats were given ad libitum access to chow. On test day, rats were injected with the ghrelin receptor antagonist GHRP-6 [D-Lys3] and then tested for PIT or CPF. Disrupting ghrelin signaling enhanced expression of PIT. In addition, GHRP-6 [D-Lys3] impaired the initiation of feeding behavior in CPF without influencing overall intake of sucrose. Finally, in PIT tested rats, enhanced FOS immunoreactivity was revealed following the antagonist in regions thought to underlie PIT; however, the antagonist had no effect on FOS immunoreactivity in CPF tested rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Dailey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Peter C Holland
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Alexander W Johnson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee CJ, Brown TT, Cheskin LJ, Choi P, Moran TH, Peterson L, Matuk R, Steele KE. Effects of meal composition on postprandial incretin, glucose and insulin responses after surgical and medical weight loss. Obes Sci Pract 2015; 1:104-109. [PMID: 27774253 PMCID: PMC5064622 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meal tolerance tests are frequently used to study dynamic incretin and insulin responses in the postprandial state; however, the optimal meal that is best tolerated and suited for hormonal response following surgical and medical weight loss has yet to be determined. Objective To evaluate the tolerability and effectiveness of different test meals in inducing detectable changes in markers of glucose metabolism in individuals who have undergone a weight loss intervention. Methods Six individuals who underwent surgical or medical weight loss (two Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, two sleeve gastrectomy and two medical weight loss) each completed three meal tolerance tests using liquid‐mixed, solid‐mixed and high‐fat test meals. The tolerability of each test meal, as determined by the total amount consumed and palatability, as well as fasting and meal‐stimulated glucagon‐like peptide, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, insulin and glucose were measured. Results Among the six individuals, the liquid‐mixed meal was better and more uniformly tolerated with a median meal completion rate of 99%. Among the four bariatric surgical patients, liquid‐mixed meal stimulated on average a higher glucagon‐like peptide (percent difference: 83.7, 89), insulin secretion (percent difference: 155.1, 158.7) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (percent difference: 113.5, 34.3) compared with solid‐mixed and high‐fat meals. Conclusions The liquid‐mixed meal was better tolerated with higher incretin and insulin response compared with the high‐fat and solid‐mixed meals and is best suited for the evaluation of stimulated glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - T T Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - L J Cheskin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - P Choi
- Department of Psychiatry The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - T H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - L Peterson
- Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - R Matuk
- Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - K E Steele
- Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Smedh U, Scott KA, Moran TH. Fourth ventricular CART peptide induces c-fos in the area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract via a CRF-receptor dependent mechanism. Neurosci Lett 2015; 609:124-8. [PMID: 26475505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides (CARTp) suppress gastric emptying and nutritional intake following 4th icv administration. Whereas, the CARTp inhibition of gastric emptying was blocked by pre-treatment with a non-selective corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonist, sucrose drinking was not, suggesting that CARTp- and CRF controls for food intake and gastric emptying are operated through separable dorsal hindbrain mechanisms. The aim of the study was to explore CARTp-CRF brainstem interactions on patterns of neuronal activation in areas of the brainstem and midbrain relevant to gastrointestinal control and feeding regulation. Rats received 4th icv injections of combinations of vehicle, CARTp (1μg), or the nonselective CRF antagonist, α-helical CRF9-41 (αCRF), in a randomized order. Brain sections were processed for c-fos by immunohistochemistry followed by image analysis at defined levels of the brain. CARTp (1μg, 4th icv) induced a robust c-fos response in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema (AP), whereas, no c-fos could be detected in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) or the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). The c-fos expression in the structures of the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) was completely blocked by pre-treatment with the CRF antagonist, which did not by itself induce c-fos at any examined level. After CARTp and αCRF in combination, there was a tendency towards an increased c-fos response in the ARC. We conclude that CARTp activates cells of the area postrema and NTS via a downstream, CRF-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Smedh
- Dept. of Surgery, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Karen A Scott
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Reinblatt SP, Mahone EM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Lee-Winn AE, Yenokyan G, Leoutsakos JMS, Moran TH, Guarda AS, Riddle MA. Pediatric loss of control eating syndrome: Association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:580-8. [PMID: 25855370 PMCID: PMC4607309 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite data linking Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and adult binge eating, there are limited data in children with loss of control (LOC) eating. We examined inhibitory control in children with LOC eating syndrome (LOC-ES) and its association with ADHD. METHOD 79 children (8-14 years) over the fifth weight percentile were recruited, irrespective of LOC eating or ADHD status. The Eating Disorder Examination for Children and the Standard Pediatric Eating Episode Interview assessed LOC-ES. ADHD diagnosis was determined by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for children and Conners-3 (Parent Report) DSM-IV Scales of Inattention and/or Hyperactivity (T score > 65). The Go/No-Go (GNG) Task and the Behavior Regulation Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) assessed impulse control. RESULTS Odds of LOC-ES were increased 12 times for children with ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 12.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.11, 51.64, p < 0.001), after adjusting for BMI z scores and relevant covariates. Children had 1.17 times higher odds of reporting LOC-ES with every 5% increase in GNG Commission Rate (aOR = 1.17, CI = 1.01, 1.36, p < 0.05) and 1.25 times higher odds of reporting LOC-ES with every 5 unit T-score increase in BRIEF Inhibit Scale (aOR = 1.25, CI = 1.04, 1.50, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION Children with ADHD had significantly greater odds of LOC-ES compared to children without ADHD. Children with LOC-ES had significantly greater impulse control deficits on performance-based neuropsychological assessments and on parent reports than children without LOC-ES. These findings suggest a need to investigate possible shared mechanisms such as impulse control deficits, among children with LOC-ES and ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shauna P. Reinblatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - E. Mark Mahone
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda
| | | | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Timothy H. Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angela S. Guarda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark A. Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Pediatrics, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee RS, Pirooznia M, Guintivano J, Ly M, Ewald ER, Tamashiro KL, Gould TD, Moran TH, Potash JB. Search for common targets of lithium and valproic acid identifies novel epigenetic effects of lithium on the rat leptin receptor gene. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e600. [PMID: 26171981 PMCID: PMC5068731 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics may have an important role in mood stabilizer action. Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and lithium (Li) may have downstream epigenetic actions. To identify genes commonly affected by both mood stabilizers and to assess potential epigenetic mechanisms that may be involved in their mechanism of action, we administered Li (N = 12), VPA (N = 12), and normal chow (N = 12) to Brown Norway rats for 30 days. Genomic DNA and mRNA were extracted from the hippocampus. We used the mRNA to perform gene expression analysis on Affymetrix microarray chips, and for genes commonly regulated by both Li and VPA, we validated expression levels using quantitative real-time PCR. To identify potential mechanisms underlying expression changes, genomic DNA was bisulfite treated for pyrosequencing of key CpG island 'shores' and promoter regions, and chromatin was prepared from both hippocampal tissue and a hippocampal-derived cell line to assess modifications of histones. For most genes, we found little evidence of DNA methylation changes in response to the medications. However, we detected histone H3 methylation and acetylation in the leptin receptor gene, Lepr, following treatment with both drugs. VPA-mediated effects on histones are well established, whereas the Li effects constitute a novel mechanism of transcriptional derepression for this drug. These data support several shared transcriptional targets of Li and VPA, and provide evidence suggesting leptin signaling as an epigenetic target of two mood stabilizers. Additional work could help clarify whether leptin signaling in the brain has a role in the therapeutic action of Li and VPA in bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Lee
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 1068, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail:
| | - M Pirooznia
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Guintivano
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Graduate Program in Human Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Ly
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E R Ewald
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K L Tamashiro
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T D Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T H Moran
- Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Treesukosol Y, Liang NC, Moran TH. Alterations in sucrose sham-feeding intake as a function of diet-exposure in rats maintained on calorically dense diets. Appetite 2015; 92:278-86. [PMID: 25987540 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that rats increase meal size upon initial presentation of a calorically dense diet. The increase may be attributed to increased orosensory stimulation and/or reduced sensitivity to post-ingestive inhibitory signals. During feeding both types of signals are simultaneously in play; thus here, we compare responses in rats presented a high-energy diet (HE) or 45% high-fat diet (HF) with those of chow-fed controls (CHOW) in a sham-feeding procedure in which post-ingestive feedback is minimized. Measures of sham-feeding to sucrose were taken before diet manipulation (baseline), ~5 days (dynamic phase) and ~6 weeks (static phase) following introduction of the palatable diet, as well as after animals were switched back to standard chow (recovery phase). Some but not all the hypotheses based on our previous findings were confirmed by the outcomes here. Consistent with our hypothesis that enhanced orosensory stimulation during the dynamic phase compared with the static phase would generalize to increased intake of other palatable stimuli, HE rats showed higher sucrose intake during the dynamic phase compared with the static phase. Contrary to what we hypothesized, HE and HF rats did not increase responses to sucrose compared to CHOW rats. In fact, HE rats showed decreased responses compared to CHOW controls. Thus changes in orosensory stimulation do not necessarily generalize to increased intake of other palatable stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 615, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 615, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Ross 615, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guarda AS, Schreyer CC, Boersma GJ, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH. Anorexia nervosa as a motivated behavior: Relevance of anxiety, stress, fear and learning. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:466-72. [PMID: 25846837 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The high comorbidity between anorexia nervosa (AN) and anxiety disorders is well recognized. AN is a motivated behavioral disorder in which habit formation is likely to contribute to the persistence of abnormal eating and exercise behaviors. Secondary alterations in brain circuitry underlying the reward value of food and exercise, along with disturbances in neuroendocrine hunger and satiety signaling arising from starvation and excessive exercise, are likely contributors to the maintenance of anorectic behaviors in genetically vulnerable individuals. The potential role of fear conditioning in facilitating onset of AN, or of impaired fear extinction in contributing to the high relapse rates observed following weight restoration, is of interest. Evidence from animal models of anxiety and human laboratory studies indicate that low estrogen impairs fear extinction. Low estradiol levels in AN may therefore play a role in perpetuating fear of food and fat in recently weight restored patients. Translational models including the activity based anorexia (ABA) rodent model of AN, and neuroimaging studies of fear extinction and conditioning, could help clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and neurocircuitry involved in food avoidance behaviors in AN. Moreover, the adaptation of novel treatment interventions with efficacy in anxiety disorders may contribute to the development of new treatments for this impairing disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Guarda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Colleen C Schreyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moody L, Liang J, Choi PP, Moran TH, Liang NC. Wheel running decreases palatable diet preference in Sprague-Dawley rats. Physiol Behav 2015; 150:53-63. [PMID: 25791204 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has beneficial effects on not only improving some disease conditions but also by preventing the development of multiple disorders. Experiments in this study examined the effects of wheel running on intakes of chow and palatable diet e.g. high fat (HF) or high sucrose (HS) diet in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Experiment 1 demonstrated that acute wheel running results in robust HF or HS diet avoidance in male rats. Although female rats with running wheel access initially showed complete avoidance of the two palatable diets, the avoidance of the HS diet was transient. Experiment 2 demonstrated that male rats developed decreased HF diet preferences regardless of the order of diet and wheel running access presentation. Running associated changes in HF diet preference in females, on the other hand, depended on the testing schedule. In female rats, simultaneous presentation of the HF diet and running access resulted in transient complete HF diet avoidance whereas running experience prior to HF diet access did not affect the high preference for the HF diet. Ovariectomy in females resulted in HF diet preference patterns that were similar to those in male rats during simultaneous exposure of HF and wheel running access but similar to intact females when running occurred before HF exposure. Overall, the results demonstrated wheel running associated changes in palatable diet preferences that were in part sex dependent. Furthermore, ovarian hormones play a role in some of the sex differences. These data reveal complexity in the mechanisms underlying exercise associated changes in palatable diet preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moody
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joy Liang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pique P Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, 725 Psychology Bldg., 603 E. Daniel Street, M/C 716, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| |
Collapse
|