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Bharti SK, Pathak V, Alam T, Arya A, Singh VK, Verma AK, Rajkumar V. Starch bio-based composite active edible film functionalized with Carum carvi L. essential oil: antimicrobial, rheological, physic-mechanical and optical attributes. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:456-466. [PMID: 35153304 PMCID: PMC8814089 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the antimicrobial, rheological, mechanical, barrier and optical properties of Carrageenan and Manihot esculenta (composite) starch biobased edible film incorporated with caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oil (EO) were investigated. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of caraway oil against B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were found to be 0.6, 1.4, 1.4 and 0.8% respectively. The Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) of caraway EO expressed a distinct chromatogram peak for phenolic compounds. Rheological results of Film-Forming Solution (FFS) revealed solid-like viscoelastic behavior. Incorporation of caraway EO in the film caused significant (P < 0.05) increase in moisture, moisture absorption, bio-degradability in terms of film solubility, L value, total color difference (ΔE), haziness and transparency value, however, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased tensile strength and whiteness index were observed. The zone of inhibition of caraway EO incorporated films against all test bacteria were highly significant (P < 0.01) than control whereas antibacterial activity was found more towards gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. No significant (P>0.05) changes in thickness, density, water activity, swelling, elongation at break, water vapor transmission rate, a and b value were observed with increasing caraway EO concentration. These results with some good rheological, physic-mechanical, antimicrobial and optical characteristics suggest the application of such active film into a variety of foods with improved food safety and quality. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05028-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Bharti
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 001 India
| | - V. Pathak
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 001 India
| | - T. Alam
- Indian Institute of Packaging, an autonomous body under aegis of Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, Delhi, 110 092 India
| | - A. Arya
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145 India
| | - V. K. Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 001 India
| | - A. K. Verma
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom Farah-281 122, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - V. Rajkumar
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom Farah-281 122, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh India
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Bharti SK, Pathak V, Alam T, Arya A, Basak G, Awasthi MG. Materiality of Edible Film Packaging in Muscle Foods: A Worthwhile Conception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41783-020-00087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMuscle foods are extremely extensive food products that are relished throughout the world. They are known for their exclusive nutritional content and bio-availability however, at the same time, they also provide apposite media for the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Packaging seems to be a substantial approach to overcome this problem, but most of the packaging involves the usage of non-biodegradable and non-renewable material like plastic, nylon, polyester, etc. The alarming situation caused by synthetic material has been realized worldwide and several scientists, agencies, and the food industry are working globally to explore materials that are derived from the natural source. Biodegradable films are an excellent alternative to conventional plastics. These biodegradable films and coatings are derived from various biological sources and are receiving considerable importance in recent years. Different meat and meat product needs specific packaging condition and these active, composite bio-based films are having a wide potential in the meat sector. This review gathers the research and findings over the period of time-related to biodegradable edible film applied to muscle foods.
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Pathak NM, Pathak V, Gault VA, McClean S, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Novel dual incretin agonist peptide with antidiabetic and neuroprotective potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:264-274. [PMID: 30028989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are incretin hormones that exert an array of beneficial actions on metabolism and cognitive function. GLP-1-based therapeutics have been highly successful in terms of obesity and diabetes management, however GIP therapies have found no clinical utility to date. In the present study we describe, for the first time, the therapeutic effectiveness of a novel GIP/GLP-1 hybrid peptide based on the amino acid sequences of GIP, GLP-1 and the clinically approved GLP-1 mimetic, exendin-4. The hybrid peptide, N-ac(d-Ala2)GIP/GLP-1-exe, was enzymatically stable for up to 12 h when incubated with DPP-4. N-ac(d-Ala2)GIP/GLP-1-exe significantly (P < 0.001) stimulated insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 cells and isolated mouse islets, and evoked dose-dependent increases (P < 0.001) in cAMP production in both GIP-R and GLP-1-R transfected cells. In mice, injection of the hybrid in combination with glucose significantly (P < 0.001) reduced glucose and increased insulin concentrations, with metabolic actions evident (P < 0.05) 8 h post-injection. Twice-daily injection of N-ac(d-Ala2)GIP/GLP-1-exe to high fat fed (HFF) mice for 28 days significantly (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) reduced body weight, HbA1c, circulating glucose and insulin concentrations. Furthermore, both oral and i.p. glucose tolerance were improved (P < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity enhanced. The hybrid peptide also increased (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) beta cell number, islet area, pancreatic insulin content and islet insulin secretory responsiveness in HFF mice. Finally, N-ac(d-Ala2)GIP/GLP-1-exe treated mice exhibited improved (P < 0.01) recognition memory which was accompanied by enhanced (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) hippocampal neurogenesis, synapse formation and reduced neuronal oxidative stress. These data demonstrate for the first time the beneficial actions of the novel GIP/GLP-1 hybrid, N-ac(d-Ala2)GIP/GLP-1-exe, on glucose homeostasis and memory function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Pathak
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - V Pathak
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - V A Gault
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - S McClean
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - N Irwin
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK.
| | - P R Flatt
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
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Abstract
Abstract
Hyponatremia is commonly seen electrolyte disturbance clinically. It is potentially life-threatening and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma generally presents with a headache, visual disturbances, and the diagnosis is often delayed because of nonspecific nature of symptoms. Hyponatremia being initial manifestation before other common symptoms of pituitary macroadenoma is rare. We present a case of 55-year-old male with recurrent episodes of hyponatremia who was found to non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma along with panhypopituitarism. He was managed with hormone replacements. Our case highlights the importance of correct diagnosis of hyponatremia, measurement of the thyroid, adrenal and pituitary function in cases of hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Rajput
- Department of Medicine , Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences – India
| | - D. Jain
- Department of Medicine , Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences – India
| | - V. Pathak
- Department of Medicine , Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences – India
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Kamal R, Pathak V, Kumari A, Natrajan M, Katoch K, Kar HK. Addition of Mycobacterium indicus pranii vaccine as an immunotherapeutic to standard chemotherapy in borderline leprosy: a double-blind study to assess clinical improvement (preliminary report). Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1388-1389. [PMID: 27518926 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kamal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj Agra, India
| | - V Pathak
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj Agra, India
| | - A Kumari
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj Agra, India
| | - M Natrajan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj Agra, India
| | - K Katoch
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj Agra, India
| | - H K Kar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Dr Ram Manoher Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Pathak V, Dhir G, Kumar P. Vein of Galen malformation presentation in parturient: Case report. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Pathak
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pt B.D Sharma PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - G. Dhir
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pt B.D Sharma PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - P. Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia, Pt B.D Sharma PGIMS, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Nayak NK, Pathak V. Development and quality assessment of carrageenan incorporated low fat chevon patties. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:3477-3484. [PMID: 27777453 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to develop and assess the quality of carrageenan incorporated chevon patties with the objective of reducing fat content. Efficacy of carrageenan as fat replacers (0.3, 0.6 & 0.9 %) was assessed for development of low fat chevon patties. Emulsion stability and cooking yield increased with the increase in levels of carrageenan. Significantly (P < 0.05) lower fat and cholesterol contents and higher moisture and fat retention were observed in formulation with carrageenan. No significant difference in the mineral content in either of the treatment was recorded. Incorporation of fat replacer in chevon patties demonstrated significant effect on all the textural parameters except adhesiveness. Results of color value illustrated that lightness (L*) value differ significantly. Sensory scores were higher or comparable for patties containing 0.6 % carrageenan as compared to control. Hence, carrageenan was observed to be suitable as fat replacer for producing low fat chevon meat patties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Nayak
- Department of Livestock Product Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, UP 281001 India ; Department of Livestock Product Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Mhow, MP 453446 India
| | - V Pathak
- Department of Livestock Product Technology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, UP 281001 India
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Millar PJB, Pathak V, Moffett RC, Pathak NM, Bjourson AJ, O'Kane MJ, Flatt PR, Gault VA. Beneficial metabolic actions of a stable GIP agonist following pre-treatment with a SGLT2 inhibitor in high fat fed diabetic mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:37-45. [PMID: 26607806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine if a stable glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonist could exert beneficial metabolic control in diabetic mice which had been pre-treated with sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA). High fat fed mice administered low dose streptozotocin (STZ) received vehicle, DAPA once-daily over 28 days, or DAPA once-daily for 14 days followed by (DAla(2))GIP once-daily for 14 days. Energy intake, body weight, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at regular intervals. Glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance test, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and pancreatic histology were examined. Once-daily administration of (DAla(2))GIP for 14 days in high fat fed diabetic mice pre-treated with DAPA demonstrated significant decrease in body weight, blood glucose and increased insulin concentrations which were independent of changes in energy intake. Similarly, glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and HOMA-β were significantly enhanced in (DAla(2))GIP-treated mice. DEXA analysis revealed sustained percentage body fat loss with no changes in lean mass, bone mineral content and density. Pancreatic immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased islet number and increases in islet area, beta cell area and pancreatic insulin content. The DAPA-induced increase in alpha cell area was also reversed. Additional acute in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that the impaired action of (DAla(2))GIP under hyperglycaemic-induced conditions was significantly reversed by DAPA treatment. These data demonstrate that (DAla(2))GIP can exert beneficial metabolic control in high fat fed diabetic mice pre-treated with DAPA. The results highlight possibility of a targeted and personalized approach using a GIP agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J B Millar
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - V Pathak
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R C Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - N M Pathak
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A J Bjourson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M J O'Kane
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK; Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - V A Gault
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Umaraw P, Pathak V, Rajkumar V, Verma AK, Singh V, Verma AK. Assessment of fatty acid and mineral profile of Barbari kid in longissimus lumborum muscle and edible byproducts. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Verma AK, Pathak V, Singh VP, Umaraw P. Storage study of chicken meatballs incorporated with green cabbage (Brassica olerecea) at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1°C) under aerobic packaging. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pathak NM, Pathak V, Lynch AM, Irwin N, Gault VA, Flatt PR. Stable oxyntomodulin analogues exert positive effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and gene expression as well as improving glucose homeostasis in high fat fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:95-103. [PMID: 26048772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The weight-lowering and gluco-regulatory actions of oxyntomodulin (Oxm) have been well-documented however potential actions of this peptide in brain regions associated with learning and memory have not yet been evaluated. The present study examined the long-term actions of a stable acylated analogue of Oxm, (dS(2))Oxm(K-γ-glu-Pal), together with parent (dS(2))Oxm peptide, on hippocampal neurogenesis, gene expression and metabolic control in high fat (HF) mice. Groups of HF mice (n = 12) received twice-daily injections of Oxm analogues (both at 25 nmol/kg body weight) or saline vehicle (0.9% wt/vol) over 28 days. Hippocampal gene expression and histology were assessed together with evaluation of energy intake, body weight, non-fasting glucose and insulin, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and lipids. Oxm analogues significantly reduced body weight, improved glucose tolerance, glucose-mediated insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, islet architecture and lipid profile. Analysis of brain histology revealed significant reduction in hippocampal oxidative damage (8-oxoguanine), enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis (doublecortin) and improved hippocampal and cortical synaptogenesis (synaptophysin) following treatment. Furthermore, Oxm analogues up-regulated hippocampal mRNA expression of MASH1, Synaptophysin, SIRT1, GLUT4 and IRS1, and down-regulated expression of LDL-R and GSK3β. These data demonstrate potential of stable Oxm analogues, and particularly (dS(2))Oxm(K-γ-glu-Pal) to improve metabolic function and enhance neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, insulin signalling and exert protective effects against oxidative damage in hippocampus and cortex brain regions in HF mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Pathak
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - V Pathak
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - A M Lynch
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - N Irwin
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - V A Gault
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK.
| | - P R Flatt
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
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Irwin N, Pathak V, Pathak NM, Gault VA, Flatt PR. Sustained treatment with a stable long-acting oxyntomodulin analogue improves metabolic control and islet morphology in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:887-95. [PMID: 26095087 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the therapeutic benefits of regulatory peptides other than insulin, which have to date received limited consideration in the context of type 1 diabetes. METHODS We assessed the effects of subchronic administration of the stable, oxyntomodulin (Oxm) analogue, (d-Ser(2) )Oxm[Lys(38) -γ-glu-PAL], for 28 days in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced insulin-deficient diabetic mice. RESULTS Twice-daily injection with (d-Ser(2) )Oxm[Lys(38) -γ-glu-PAL] significantly countered the excessive food and fluid intake in STZ-induced diabetic mice, and maintained normal body weight. Lean body mass was normalized, whilst fat mass was significantly increased compared with control STZ-induced diabetic mice. In addition, circulating glucose was significantly reduced by the Oxm analogue, whilst plasma and pancreatic insulin concentrations were increased and glucagon decreased by day 28. Plasma lipid profile was normalized by (d-Ser(2) )Oxm[Lys(38) -γ-glu-PAL] administration and circulating amylase was not significantly altered by induction of diabetes or Oxm analogue therapy. This was associated with significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. Peripheral insulin sensitivity was also significantly improved by Oxm analogue treatment. Histological examination of pancreata showed beneficial elevations of total islet and β-cell area, associated with an increase in the number of smaller-sized islets. Further analysis revealed enhanced islet cell proliferation relative to apoptosis in Oxm analogue-treated mice. CONCLUSION These studies emphasize the potential of stable Oxm-based peptides, such as (d-Ser(2) )Oxm[Lys(38) -γ-glu-PAL], as therapeutic agents for insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Irwin
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - V Pathak
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - N M Pathak
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - V A Gault
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
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Bajpai S, Pathak V, Soni B. Minocycline-loaded cellulose nano whiskers/poly(sodium acrylate) composite hydrogel films as wound dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Umaraw P, Prajapati A, Verma AK, Pathak V, Singh VP. Control ofcampylobacterin poultry industry from farm to poultry processing unit: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:659-665. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.935847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pathak V, Gault VA, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Antagonism of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) by palmitoylation of GIP analogues with N- and C-terminal modifications improves obesity and metabolic control in high fat fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 401:120-9. [PMID: 25449420 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Compromise of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptor signalling represents a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity-related diabetes. This study has characterised and evaluated the C-terminally fatty acid derivatised GIP analogues, GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] and Pro(3)GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal], as potential GIP inhibitors. Both GIP analogues lack the two N-terminal amino acids cleaved by DPP-4 and have addition of nine amino acids from the C-terminal of exendin(1-39), Cex. GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] and Pro(3)GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] effectively (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) inhibited GIP-induced cAMP production and insulin secretion in vitro. In normal mice, GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] and Pro(3)GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] displayed a significant (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) and prolonged inhibitory effect on GIP-induced glucose-lowering and insulin-releasing actions. When injected once daily for 21 days in obese-diabetic high fat fed mice, both GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] and Pro(3)GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] significantly reduced body weight (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) and lowered circulating glucose (p < 0.001) and insulin (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) concentrations. The observed beneficial changes were independent of effects on energy intake, locomotor activity or metabolic rate. Oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance were significantly (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) improved in both treatment groups at the end of the study, despite reduced glucose-induced plasma insulin concentrations. This improvement of metabolic control was accompanied by enhanced (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) insulin sensitivity compared with high fat controls. These data demonstrate the potential offered by GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] and Pro(3)GIP(3-30)Cex-K(40)[Pal] for the treatment of obesity-related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pathak
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - V A Gault
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - N Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Umaraw P, Pathak V, Rajkumar V, Verma AK, Singh VP, Verma AK. Microbial quality, instrumental texture, and color profile evaluation of edible by-products obtained from Barbari goats. Vet World 2015; 8:97-102. [PMID: 27047004 PMCID: PMC4777820 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.97-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study was conducted to estimate the contribution of edible byproducts of Barbari kids to their live and carcass weight as well as to assess textural and color characteristics and microbiological status of these byproducts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Percent live weight, Percent carcass weight, Texture, color, and microbiological analysis was done for edible byproducts viz. liver, heart, kidney, spleen, brain and testicle and longissimus dorsi muscle was taken as a reference. RESULTS The edible byproducts of Barbari kids constitute about 3% of the live weight of an animal of which liver contributed maximum (1.47%) followed by testicles (0.69%) and heart (0.41%). While the same constituted 3.57, 1.70, and 0.99%, respectively on carcass weight. There was significant (p<0.05) difference among all organs regarding textural properties. Liver required the maximum shear force and work of shear (121.48N and 32.19 kg-sec) followed by spleen and heart. All organs revealed characteristics color values (L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue) which were significantly different (p<0.05) from muscle values. The total viable count, coliform count showed slight differences for all organs studied. The staphylococcus counts were low with little differences among organs. CONCLUSION Edible byproducts have a significant contribution to carcass weight which could enhance total edible portion of the carcass. Efficient utilization of these by-products returns good source of revenue to the meat industries. Textural and color analysis give information for their incorporation in comminuted meat products, and microbial study tells about the storage study. However, study was in the preliminary and basic step forward toward better utilization of 3% of live animal which could increase the saleable cost of animal by 6.94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Umaraw
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Pathak
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Rajkumar
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun K Verma
- Goat Products Technology Laboratory, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ahmad SR, Pathak V, Bhat ZF, Bukhari SAA. "Effect of sorbic acid on the storage quality of Kaladhi-an acid coagulated milk product". J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51:4040-6. [PMID: 25477678 PMCID: PMC4252449 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-0962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of three different levels of sorbic acid (0.1 %, 0.2 % and 0.3 %) on the shelf life and storage quality of Kaladhi. Kaladhi was prepared from pasteurized buffalo milk standardized to 6 % fat and 9 % SNF with coagulation at 40 °C using 5 % lactic acid as a coagulant. Kaladhi prepared without sorbic acid served as control and was compared with the products treated with different levels of sorbic acid for a storage period of 35 days at ambient temperature. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of sorbic acid on most of the physicochemical parameters i.e. titratable acidity, free fatty acid content (% oleic acid) and thiobarbituric acid value which showed a decreasing trend with increasing concentration of sorbic acid. However, a non-significant (P > 0.05) effect of sorbic acid was observed on pH and proximate parameters of the product. Kaladhi treated with 0.3 % sorbic acid retained most desirable physicochemical and sensory properties throughout the storage period hence, was considered the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Ahmad
- />Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - V. Pathak
- />Division of Livestock Products Technology, DUVASU, Mathura, 281001 UP India
| | - Z. F. Bhat
- />Division of Livestock Products Technology, F.V.Sc. & A.H, SKUAST-J, Jammu, 181102 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - S. A. A. Bukhari
- />Operational manager (M.V.Sc. in Livestock Products Technology), Sagri foods (P) Ltd, Sector 28-D, Chandigarh, 160028 India
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Bajpai S, Pathak V, Soni B, Mohan Y. CNWs loaded poly(SA) hydrogels: Effect of high concentration of CNWs on water uptake and mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:351-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pathak V, Vasu S, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Effects of chronic exposure of clonal β-cells to elevated glucose and free fatty acids on incretin receptor gene expression and secretory responses to GIP and GLP-1. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:357-65. [PMID: 24164718 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The incretin effect, mediated by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is impaired in type 2 diabetes. METHODS This study examines the effects of prolonged exposure to elevated glucose and free fatty acids in clonal BRIN BD11 cells on GIP and GLP-1 action. RESULTS Glucotoxic conditions (18 h) had no effect on GIP- or GLP-1-mediated insulinotropic responses. In contrast, 48 h glucotoxic culture impaired (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) insulin release in response to GLP-1, and particularly GIP. Culture under lipotoxic conditions (18 h) impaired (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) the insulin-releasing effect of GIP, but was without effect on GLP-1. However, 48 h lipotoxic culture compromised both GIP (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) and GLP-1 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) insulin-releasing actions. Glucolipotoxic culture (18 h) completely annulled the insulinotropic action of GIP, whereas GLP-1 effects were similar to control. However, when glucolipotoxic culture was extended to 48 h, both GIP- and GLP-1-mediated effects were (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) impaired. Assessment of cell viability, number and insulin content revealed detrimental (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) effects under all culture conditions, barring 18 h glucotoxic and lipotoxic culture. Finally, GIP-R gene and protein expression was increased (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) under glucotoxic culture, with decreased (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) expression following glucolipotoxic culture. GLP-1-R gene expression followed a similar trend, but protein levels were generally reduced under all culture conditions. CONCLUSION The results indicate that impaired insulinotropic response to GIP and GLP-1 under diabetic milieu involves mechanisms beyond simple expression of respective receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pathak
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
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Srivastava AK, Yadav V, Pathak V, Singh S, Tiwari S, Bisht DS, Goloub P. Variability in radiative properties of major aerosol types: a year-long study over Delhi--an urban station in Indo-Gangetic Basin. Sci Total Environ 2014; 473-474:659-666. [PMID: 24412733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol measurements over an urban site at Delhi in the western Ganga basin, northern India, were carried out during 2009 using a ground-based automatic sun/sky radiometer to identify their different types and to understand their possible radiative implications. Differentiation of aerosol types over the station was made using the appropriate thresholds for size-distribution of aerosols (i.e. fine-mode fraction, FMF at 500 nm) and radiation absorptivity (i.e. single scattering albedo, SSA at 440 nm). Four different aerosol types were identified, viz., polluted dust (PD), polluted continent (PC), mostly black carbon (MBC) and mostly organic carbon (MOC), which contributed ~48%, 32%, 11% and 9%, respectively to the total aerosols. Interestingly, the optical properties for these aerosol types differed considerably, which were further used, for the first time, to quantify their radiative implications over this station. The highest atmospheric forcing was observed for PC aerosol type (about +40 W m(-2), along with the corresponding atmospheric heating rate of 1.10 K day(-1)); whereas the lowest was for MBC aerosol type (about +25 W m(-2), along with the corresponding atmospheric heating rate of 0.69 K day(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Branch), Prof. Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, India.
| | - V Yadav
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - V Pathak
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Sachchidanand Singh
- Radio & Atmospheric Sciences Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - S Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Branch), Prof. Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - D S Bisht
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Branch), Prof. Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - P Goloub
- Laboratoire d'Optique Atmopshérique, Lille University/CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Bajpai SK, Pathak V, Chand N, Soni B. Cellulose Nano Whiskers (CNWs) Loaded-Poly(sodium acrylate) Hydrogels. Part-I. Effect of Low Concentration of CNWs on Water Uptake. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.780946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bukhari S, Pathak V, Bhat Z, Ahmad S. Effect of Ambient Storage on the Quality Characteristics of Kaladhi: An Acid Coagulated Milk Product. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2012.192.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bhat ZF, Pathak V. Quality evaluation of mutton Harrisa during one week refrigerated storage. J Food Sci Technol 2010; 49:620-5. [PMID: 24082275 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Harrisa is a popular indigenous meat based product of Jammu and Kashmir. An attempt was made to standardize the basic formulation and processing conditions for the preparation of the Harrisa using mutton meat. The product so developed was packed in low density polyethylene pouches (LDPE) and evaluated for a shelf life of 1 week at refrigeration (4 ± 1°C) temperature for various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory attributes. The mean values of pH, protein percent, fat percent and ash percent of the product increased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas the mean moisture percent showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreasing trend during refrigerated storage. The mean scores of all the sensory parameters decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with storage. Total plate count and psychrophilic count increased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas the coliforms were not detected throughout the period of storage. Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and free fatty acid (% oleic acid) values also increased significantly (P < 0.05) with storage period. Although storage resulted in significant decrease in almost all the quality attributes and sensory scores but the changes were within the limits of acceptability. The product was acceptable for a period of one week under refrigerated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir India 181 102
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Bhat Z, Pathak V, Bukhari S, Ahmad S, Bhat H. Quality Changes in Chevon Harrisa (Meat based Product) during Refrigerated Storage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijmeat.2011.52.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sharma RB, Kumar M, Pathak V. Effect of Different Seasons on Cross-Bred Cow Milk Composition and Paneer Yield in Sub-Himalayan Region. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2002.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pathak AK, Pathak V, Seitz L, Maddry JA, Gurcha SS, Besra GS, Suling WJ, Reynolds RC. Studies on (beta,1-->5) and (beta,1-->6) linked octyl Gal(f) disaccharides as substrates for mycobacterial galactosyltransferase activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:3129-43. [PMID: 11711288 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the continuing pandemic of tuberculosis emphasizes the urgent need for the development of new anti-tubercular agents with novel drug targets. The recent structural elucidation of the mycobacterial cell wall highlights a large variety of structurally unique components that may be a basis for new drug development. This publication describes the synthesis, characterization, and screening of several octyl Galf(beta,1-->5)Galf and octyl Galf(beta,1-->6)Galf derivatives. A cell-free assay system has been utilized for galactosyltransferase activity using UDP[14C]Galf as the glycosyl donor, and in vitro inhibitory activity has been determined in a colorimetric broth microdilution assay system against MTB H37Ra and three clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Certain derivatives showed moderate activities against MTB and MAC. The biological evaluation of these disaccharides suggests that more hydrophobic analogues with a blocked reducing end showed better activity as compared to totally deprotected disaccharides that more closely resemble the natural substrates in cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pathak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Research Institute, PO Box 55305, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305, USA
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Pathak AK, Pathak V, Maddry JA, Suling WJ, Gurcha SS, Besra GS, Reynolds RC. Studies on alpha(1-->5) linked octyl arabinofuranosyl disaccharides for mycobacterial arabinosyl transferase activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:3145-51. [PMID: 11711289 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The appearance multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) throughout the world has prompted a search for new, safer and more active agents against tuberculosis. Based on studies of the biosynthesis of mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharides, octyl 5-O-(alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl)-alpha-D-arabinofuranoside analogues were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors for M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. A cell free assay system has been used for the evaluation of these disaccharides as substrates for mycobacterial arabinosyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pathak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Research Institute, PO Box 55305, Birmingham, AL 35255, USA
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Pathak AK, Pathak V, Khare NK, Maddry JA, Reynolds RC. Synthesis of disaccharides related to the mycobacterial arabinogalactan. Carbohydr Lett 2001; 4:117-22. [PMID: 11506156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Several novel glycofuranoses disaccharides related to mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharides were synthesized regio- and stereoselectively using 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl trichloroacetimidate as a glycosyl donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pathak
- Organic Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305, USA
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Suling WJ, Seitz LE, Pathak V, Westbrook L, Barrow EW, Zywno-Van-Ginkel S, Reynolds RC, Piper JR, Barrow WW. Antimycobacterial activities of 2,4-diamino-5-deazapteridine derivatives and effects on mycobacterial dihydrofolate reductase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:2784-93. [PMID: 10991861 PMCID: PMC90152 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.10.2784-2793.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new antimycobacterial agents for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections is important particularly for persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro activity of 2, 4-diamino-5-methyl-5-deazapteridines (DMDPs) against MAC and to assess their activities against MAC dihydrofolate reductase recombinant enzyme (rDHFR). Seventy-seven DMDP derivatives were evaluated initially for in vitro activity against one to three strains of MAC (NJ168, NJ211, and/or NJ3404). MICs were determined with 10-fold dilutions of drug and a colorimetric (Alamar Blue) microdilution broth assay. MAC rDHFR 50% inhibitory concentrations versus those of human rDHFR were also determined. Substitutions at position 5 of the pteridine moiety included -CH(3), -CH(2)CH(3), and -CH(2)OCH(3) groups. Additionally, different substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups were linked at position 6 through a two-atom bridge of either -CH(2)NH, -CH(2)N(CH(3)), -CH(2)CH(2), or -CH(2)S. All but 4 of the 77 derivatives were active against MAC NJ168 at concentrations of < or =13 microg/ml. Depending on the MAC strain used, 81 to 87% had MICs of < or =1.3 microg/ml. Twenty-one derivatives were >100-fold more active against MAC rDHFR than against human rDHFR. In general, selectivity was dependent on the composition of the two-atom bridge at position 6 and the attached aryl group with substitutions at the 2' and 5' positions on the phenyl ring. Using this assessment, a rational synthetic approach was implemented that resulted in a DMDP derivative that had significant intracellular activity against a MAC-infected Mono Mac 6 monocytic cell line. These results demonstrate that it is possible to synthesize pteridine derivatives that have selective activity against MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Suling
- Bacteriology and Mycology Research Unit, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, USA
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Marciani DJ, Press JB, Reynolds RC, Pathak AK, Pathak V, Gundy LE, Farmer JT, Koratich MS, May RD. Development of semisynthetic triterpenoid saponin derivatives with immune stimulating activity. Vaccine 2000; 18:3141-51. [PMID: 10856794 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde-containing triterpene saponins have adjuvant properties, but only those from Quillaja saponaria Molina stimulate the production of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against exogenous antigens. Quillaja saponins have two normonoterpene ester moieties, linked linearly to their fucosyl residue, that play a critical role in the stimulation of CTL. These ester moieties are also responsible for these saponins' instability and toxicity. Based on the structure-activity relationships for the different groups of Q. saponaria saponins, new semi-synthetic analogs were developed that have the adjuvanticity of quillaja saponins, yet with less toxicity and greater stability in aqueous solutions. The quillaja saponin analogs were prepared by replacing their hydrolytically unstable ester groups with another lipophilic chain linked by a stable amide bond on these saponins' glucuronic acid residue. One of these analogs, GPI-0100, is a dodecylamide saponin derivative that stimulates an antibody isotype profile that corresponds to a Th1 type immune response, as well as CTL production against exogenous antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Marciani
- Galenica Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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Singh M, Agarwala MK, Grover A, Pathak V, Varma JS. Clinical, echocardiographic, and angiographic profile of patients with double-chambered right ventricle: experience with 48 cases. Angiology 1999; 50:223-31. [PMID: 10088802 DOI: 10.1177/000331979905000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight patients with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) were prospectively studied over a 3-year period. Clinical, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and angiographic studies were done in all. Three patients were studied postoperatively also. Fifteen patients underwent surgery confirming the diagnosis. Echocardiography detected anomalous muscle bundles (AMBs) in 39/41 patients in whom this study was carried out. Angiographically AMBs were best demonstrated in anteroposterior views in a systolic frame. Common associated anomalies found with DCRV were ventricular septal defects (69%), pulmonary valve stenosis (38%), and double-outlet right ventricle (10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Pathak V, Shirota O, Sekita S, Hirayama Y, Hakamata Y, Hayashi T, Yanagawa T, Satake M. Antiandrogenic phenolic constituents from Dalbergia cochinchinensis. Phytochemistry 1997; 46:1219-1223. [PMID: 9423292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Four new compounds, 9-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxydalbergiquinol, 6-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyneoflavene, 6,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavan and 2,2',5-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, in addition to eight known phenolic compounds including 7-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone, have been isolated from the stems of Dalbergia cochinchinensis. Their structures were established by spectroscopic techniques including one- and two-dimensional NMR methods. The first two compounds showed potent inhibitory activity towards 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which binds with an androgen receptor to form a DHT-receptor complex that causes androgen-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pathak
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Ramesh V, Tanwar RK, Kaushal R, Rath GK, Vaid A, Pathak V, Choubey RP. Synchronous oesophageal carcinoma with non Hodgkin's lymphoma, problems with management. Indian J Cancer 1996; 33:153-6. [PMID: 9055491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A case of synchronous malignancy of oesophagus with Non Hodgkin's lymphoma is presented and the rarity of such an association is discussed. The inherent difficulties encountered were initial planning of therapy keeping in view of the general condition of the patient. The patient received three cycles (every 21 days) of CHOP regimen for Non Hodgkin's lymphoma and to maintain a static state of oesophageal cancer. The patient showed more than 75 percent response to NHL counterpart, and for carcinoma oesophagus counterpart short course high dose loco-regional radiation therapy was given and the tumor was found to be resectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramesh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Mahadev PV, Kollali VV, Rawal ML, Pujara PK, Shaikh BH, Ilkal MA, Pathak V, Dhanda V, Rodrigues FM, Banerjee K. Dengue in Gujarat state, India during 1988 & 1989. Indian J Med Res 1993; 97:135-44. [PMID: 8406637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the reports of epidemics of febrile illness from several rural and urban areas of Gujarat state (India) in 1988, epidemiological investigations were carried out and dengue (DEN) virus activity was demonstrated in large cities such as Surat and Rajkot as well as several villages in Sabarkantha district. Two strains of dengue type-2 each were isolated from human sera from Surat city and a village in Sabarkantha district. Six strains of dengue virus were isolated from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected at Chotasan village, two of which were confirmed as DEN type-2. Of the 560 patients' sera tested from different areas (including villages and townships), 122 showed evidence of dengue infection and another 236 showed a broader reaction with flaviviruses. Entomological investigations showed a widespread distribution of Ae. aegypti both in urban and rural areas. In the household conditions this mosquito was found to breed predominantly in containers with non-potable water. Amongst these, cement containers manufactured in towns and distributed to the villages seem to play an important role in the spread of this species. In non-residential areas prolific breeding of Ae. aegypti was observed in automobile tyre dumps, and varied types of scrap, in towns and villages. Distribution and relative prevalence of the species were studied in 46 towns and villages, covering the spectrum of rural-urban-continuum. These studies provide an indication regarding the mechanism of the spread of DEN virus through peoples' movement, transport, the process of urbanisation etc.
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Gurudev KC, Ramkumar TS, Pathak V, Prabhakar KS, Bhaskar S, Prakash KC, Mani MK. Subclavian vein catheters for haemodialysis with and without a subcutaneous tunnel. J Assoc Physicians India 1992; 40:370-3. [PMID: 1452559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have retrospectively analysed the usefulness of a subcutaneous tunnel in patients undergoing haemodialysis through a double lumen subclavian catheter; 194 catheters were used in 145 patients. In 105 patients a subcutaneous tunnel was created. Entry site infection was significantly higher in the no tunnel group (30%; P < 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of septicaemia in the two groups. Eighty five percent of episodes of septicaemia and 67% of entry site infections were due to Staphylococcus aureus. All responded to removal of the catheter and to antibiotics. The average duration the catheter was in place was 20.39 and 21.94 days in the groups with and without tunnel respectively. The average number of dialyses was 9.13 and 9.33 per catheter in the tunnel and no tunnel groups respectively. Three patients had pneumothorax. Subclavian vein thrombosis was suspected clinically in 3 cases. There was no catheter related mortality. We concluded that while entry site infection occurred more frequently in the no tunnel group, the overall incidence of septicaemia was not different in the two groups. Creation of a subcutaneous tunnel has no added advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Gurudev
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Madras
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Gurudev KC, Pathak V, Prabhakar KS, Bhaskar S, Prakash KC, Prabhakaran, Mani MK. Short term study on relative merits of acetate and bicarbonate dialysis. J Assoc Physicians India 1991; 39:921-4. [PMID: 1816218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We did a double blind, crossover, prospective study comparing bicarbonate and acetate containing solutions in haemodialysis. Thirty stable patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance haemodialysis while awaiting a renal transplant were each studied on three dialysis with acetate and three with bicarbonate. Nine patients developed symptoms like headache, nausea, vomiting, giddiness, and malaise and developed hypotension during acetate dialysis and three patients during bicarbonate dialysis. There were symptoms during 16.66% of acetate dialysis sessions and 5.55% of bicarbonate dialysis sessions. (P less than 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in PaO2 and PaCO2 on acetate dialysis at 30 minutes after initiation of dialysis. There was no significant difference in weight loss on dialysis, or in blood pressure and correction of acidosis. We conclude that bicarbonate dialysis is better tolerated, but acetate intolerance is not a major problem since we use small surface area dialysers (0.8 M2).
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Gurudev
- Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Madras
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Guevremont R, Quigley M, Pathak V, Schweitzer M, Wright J. Effect of metals on the liquid chromatographic determination of paralytic shellfish poisons. Anal Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(91)90007-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Panagariya A, Pathak V, Garg A. Tuberculoma presenting as occipital lobe seizures. J Assoc Physicians India 1990; 38:671. [PMID: 2125043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Pathak V, Kekre N, Ganesh G, Krishnaswami H, Kirubakaran MG. Renin secreting tumour of kidney--a case report. J Assoc Physicians India 1988; 36:735-6. [PMID: 3069840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Puri VK, Pathak V, Mehrotra A, Saxena PN. Systolic time intervals in anemic children with or without congestive heart failure. Indian J Pediatr 1984; 51:407-11. [PMID: 6526450 DOI: 10.1007/bf02776425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Puri VK, Pathak V, Saxena PN, Mehrotra A, Hasan M. Systolic time intervals in anaemic children. Indian Heart J 1984; 36:27-30. [PMID: 6706363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Pathak V, Swaminathan AP, Ghuman SS, Raina S, Rush BF. Intestinal obstruction in carcinomatosis. Am Surg 1980; 46:691-3. [PMID: 7447168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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