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Xiao TY, Shu Y, Li H, Wang H, Li JH, Yan Q, Zhang WJ, Jiang H. [Assessment of CO 2 Co-benefits of Air Pollution Control Policies in Taiyuan's 14th Five-Year Plan]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2024; 45:1265-1273. [PMID: 38471843 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202304046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
To quantitatively evaluate the co-benefits of air pollution reduction and carbon dioxide reduction of Taiyuan's 14th Five-Year Plan air pollution prevention and control policies, this study used the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollution Interaction and Synergy Model (GAINS-JJJ) to simulate and evaluate the emission reduction potential and CO2 co-benefit of 13 air pollution control measures. The emission reductions of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, VOCs, and NH3 in 2025 were 1.8 (5%, compared with that in the baseline scenario), 2.5 (2%), 3.7 (16%), 20.0 (27%), 13.6 (15%), and 0.0 kt (0%), respectively. The reduction in CO2 emissions was 9.0 Mt (13%), whereas CH4 emissions increased by 203.3 kt (25% increase relative to that in the baseline scenario). SO2, NOx, and VOCs emission reductions derived from the power, industrial combustion, and solvent use sectors. CO2 reduction occurred mainly in the industrial combustion sector, and CH4 emission increased mainly due to the increase in coal mining activity. The highest synergistic CO2 reductions were achieved by restricting energy consumption in the high energy-consuming and high-emitting sectors; prohibiting new capacity in the steel, coke, cement, and flat glass industries; and replacing coal-fired power generation with renewable energy. Furthermore, the CO2 reduction co-benefit was highest for VOCs. In addition, this study suggests that promoting the policy of terminal electrification and simultaneously increasing the share of clean energy and the ability to consume renewable energy generation in the power sector are the keys to decreasing the emissions in Taiyuan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Xiao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yun Shu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hui Li
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Han Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jun-Hong Li
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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2
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Li X, Bo Y, Zeng Q, Diao L, Greene S, Patterson J, Liu L, Yang F. Population pharmacokinetic model for oral ORIN1001 in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1322557. [PMID: 38500768 PMCID: PMC10944885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1322557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: ORIN1001, a first-in-class oral IRE1-α endoribonuclease inhibitor to block the activation of XBP1, is currently in clinical development for inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing the effect of chemical or targeted therapy. Early establishment of a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model could characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ORIN1001 and evaluate the effects of individual-specific factors on PK, which will facilitate the future development of this investigational drug. Methods: Non-linear mixed effect model was constructed by Phoenix NLME software, utilizing the information from Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors in a phase I clinical trial (Register No. NCT05154201). Statistically significant PK covariates were screened out by a stepwise process. The final model, after validating by the goodness-of-fit plots, non-parametric bootstrap, visual predictive check and test of normalized prediction distribution errors, was further applied to simulate and evaluate the impact of covariates on ORIN1001 exposure at steady state up to 900 mg per day as a single agent. Results: A two-compartment model with first-order absorption (with lag-time)/elimination was selected as the best structural model. Total bilirubin (TBIL) and lean body weight (LBW) were considered as the statistically significant covariates on clearance (CL/F) of ORIN1001. They were also confirmed to exert clinically significant effects on ORIN1001 steady-state exposure after model simulation. The necessity of dose adjustments based on these two covariates remains to be validated in a larger population. Conclusion: The first PopPK model of ORIN1001 was successfully constructed, which may provide some important references for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhai Bo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lei Diao
- Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Lu Liu
- Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Chen X, Huang Q. Model Simulation and Rheological Research on Crosslinking Behavior of Polyethylene Resin. Gels 2023; 10:35. [PMID: 38247758 PMCID: PMC10815699 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The crosslinking behavior of polyethylene (PE) determines its exceptional performance and application. In this study, we investigated the crosslinking behaviors of different PE resins through model simulation and rheological methods. Specifically, the mathematical equation of "S" model was established for PE resin. According to this equation, the optimal maximum gel content for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was found to be around 85%. Moreover, the maximum crosslinking degrees for different PE resins depended largely on their density and molecular weight. The melt viscosities before crosslinking in PE resins were highly influenced by their melt index. The higher melt indexes resulted in the lower storage moduli, improving melt processability during processing. In addition, the crosslinking rates of PE resins were strongly influenced by peroxide concentration, independent of PE resin structures. For high molecular weight and low-density PE resins, they exhibited decreased ti values, increased A0 values, and decreased k6 values. However, there were no noticeable variations in the values of k2 and phi among different PE resins. All simulated modeling outcomes showed remarkable consistency with the experimental rheological data. These findings are of strong significance in the industrial manufacture of PE resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers, The College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Shenhua (Beijing) New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., CHN Energy Group, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Qigu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers, The College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Jang JH, Jeong SH, Lee YB. Dosage exploration of meloxicam according to CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms based on a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. Pharmacotherapy 2023; 43:145-157. [PMID: 36601711 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meloxicam, used for treating inflammatory diseases, shows large differences in metabolism according to CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms; however, there are few studies on dose regimen setting based on quantitative predictions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate meloxicam dose regimen for each genotype through population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of meloxicam by considering CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms. METHODS For modeling, previously reported pharmacokinetic (plasma concentration)-pharmacodynamic (inhibition of thromboxane B2 generation) data of meloxicam were collected for CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms (n = 43). And these data were mainly used in the modeling process. Through simulations of the established models, steady-state pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profiles were obtained according to meloxicam multiple exposures for each CYP2C9 genotype, and predictions were made based on dose regimen changes. RESULTS Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 were identified as key covariates that significantly affected pharmacokinetic variability of meloxicam between individuals. The developed meloxicam population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model predicted pharmacokinetic results of the 7.5 mg meloxicam administration groups (n = 26) for CYP2C9*1/*1 and *1/*3 as an external validation. The results of model simulation revealed that the differences were 2.39-5.42 times for steady-state mean plasma concentrations and 1.21-1.71 times for the degree of inhibition of thromboxane B2 generation following multiple exposures for CYP2C9*1/*1 versus *1/*13, *1/*3, and *3/*3. This suggested that thromboxane B2 inhibition following increased plasma exposure to meloxicam differed significantly according to CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms. The dose of meloxicam in CYP2C9*1/*13, *1/*3, and *3/*3 was randomly adjusted to 1.6-15 mg to approximate the mean thromboxane B2 inhibition for CYP2C9*1/*1 at steady state, the dose intervals varied from 24 h to 48 h. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that clinical dose adjustment of meloxicam would be necessary to account for CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms and reduce side effects. This study suggests a clearer direction for setting up clinical therapy based on personalized medicine and quantitative predictions for meloxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Bin S. Construction and Simulation Analysis of Epidemic Propagation Model Based on COVID-19 Characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:132. [PMID: 36612452 PMCID: PMC9819643 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes the epidemic propagation model SEAIHR to elucidate the propagation mechanism of the Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Based on the analysis of the propagation characteristics of COVID-19, the hospitalization isolation state and recessive healing state are introduced. The home morbidity state is introduced to consider the self-healing of asymptomatic infected populations, the early isolation of close contractors, and the impact of epidemic prevention and control measures. In this paper, by using the real epidemic data combined with the changes in parameters in different epidemic stages, multiple model simulation comparative tests were conducted. The experimental results showed that the fitting and prediction accuracy of the SEAIHR model was significantly better than the classical epidemic propagation model, and the fitting error was 34.4-72.8% lower than that of the classical model in the early and middle stages of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Bin
- College of Computer Science & Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Niu X, Hu Y, Zhen L, Wang Y, Yan H. Analysis of the Future Evolution of Biocapacity and Landscape Characteristics in the Agro-Pastoral Zone of Northern China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16104. [PMID: 36498178 PMCID: PMC9739069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Agro-Pastoral Zone of Northern China (AZNC) is an ecologically fragile zone. It is a challenge to create scientifically sound plans for environmental conservation and agro-pastoral development due to the lack of future evolution prediction, and analysis of biocapacity (BC) and landscape characteristics. Using the Globeland30 dataset from 2000 to 2020, this study simulated 2030 land use/land cover (LULC) scenarios, and analyzed the future evolution of BC and landscape patterns. The results show that: (1) The Logistic and CA-Markov models can reasonably simulate the LULC changes in the research area, with ROC indices over 0.9 and Kappa approaching 0.805, after considering the driving factors such as physical geography, regional climate, and socio-economic development. (2) From 2000 to 2030, the spatial distribution pattern of LULC does not change significantly, and cultivated land, grassland, and forest are still the dominant land types in the research area. The regional BC exhibits an increasing trend (+4.55 × 106 gha/a), and the spatial distribution pattern of BC is similar to that of LULC. (3) Changes in land miniaturization, landscape fragmentation, and decreased aggregation can be seen in the entire AZNC and specific land categories, including cultivated land, grassland, and forest. The study provides suggestions for formulating the AZNC's future ecological protection and agro-pastoral development strategies, and guidance for the LULC simulation in other agro-pastoral zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li Z, Fedorov AV. Coupled dynamics of the North Equatorial Countercurrent and Intertropical Convergence Zone with relevance to the double-ITCZ problem. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120309119. [PMID: 35881797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120309119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a salient feature of tropical atmospheric circulation characterized by intense convective clouds and rainfall north of the equator. Climate models, however, commonly experience the double-ITCZ problem-the tendency to produce another strong precipitation band but south of the equator. Here, we describe coupled interaction between the ITCZ and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) that is relevant to this problem. This current is a major component of the tropical Pacific upper-ocean circulation, which flows against easterly trade winds and transports warm water from the western Pacific eastward. Its core follows the latitudinal position of the ITCZ. Trade winds converge toward the ITCZ, creating a local minimum in zonal winds and generating positive wind stress curl that maintains an eastward current despite westward winds. We show that interaction between the ITCZ and the NECC involves positive feedback: a stronger NECC advects warm water from the western Pacific to the colder east thus increasing sea surface temperature (SST) along its path, intensifying convection within the ITCZ and hence strengthening wind stress curl, further strengthening the NECC. To demonstrate this wind stress curl-advection-SST-precipitation (WASP) feedback, we conduct climate model experiments in which we progressively strengthen the surface Ekman component of the NECC and observe the intensification of the ITCZ and the entire NECC. Consequently, a weak NECC leads to a weak ITCZ, which can contribute to the double-ITCZ problem in climate models, since weak wind convergence north of the equator enables stronger convergence in the south.
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Xu S, Yang Z, Wang D, Zhang S, Lu J, Lin J, Ning G. Enhanced assessment of human dynamic stability by eliminating the effect of body height: modeling and experiment study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35903012 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Margin of stability (MOS) is one of the essential indices for evaluating dynamic stability. However, there are indications that MOS was affected by body height and its application in identifying factors on dynamic stability other than body height is restricted. An inverted pendulum model was used to simulate human walking and investigate the relevance between MOS and body height. Eventually, a height-independent index in dynamic stability assessment (named as Angled Margin of Stability, AMOS) was proposed. For testing, fifteen healthy young volunteers performed walking trials with normal arm swing, holding arms, and anti-normal arm swing. Kinematic parameters were recorded using a gait analysis system with a Microsoft Kinect V2.0 and instrumented walkway. Both simulation and test results show that MOS had a significant correlation with height during walking with normal arm swing, while AMOS had no such significant correlation. Walking with normal arm swing produced significantly larger AMOS than holding arms and anti-normal arm swing. However, no significant difference showed up in MOS between normal arm swing and holding arms. The results suggest that AMOS is not affected by body height and has the potential to identify the variations in dynamic stability caused by physiological factors other than body height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of MOE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of MOE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of MOE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of MOE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangmin Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of MOE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
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Wang T, Liu M, Liu M, Song Y, Xu Z, Shang F, Huang X, Liao W, Wang W, Ge M, Cao J, Hu J, Tang G, Pan Y, Hu M, Zhu T. Sulfate Formation Apportionment during Winter Haze Events in North China. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7771-7778. [PMID: 35609338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a large gap between the simulated and observed sulfate concentrations during winter haze events in North China. Although multiphase sulfate formation mechanisms have been proposed, they have not been evaluated using chemical transport models. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) was used to apportion sulfate formation. It was found that Mn-catalyzed oxidation on aerosol surfaces was the dominant sulfate formation pathway, accounting for 92.3 ± 3.5% of the sulfate formation during haze events. Gas-phase oxidation contributed 3.1 ± 0.5% to the sulfate formation due to the low OH levels. The H2O2 oxidation in aerosol water accounted for 4.2 ± 3.6% of the sulfate formation, caused by the rapid consumption of H2O2. The contributions of O3, NO2 oxidation, and transition metal ion-catalyzed reactions in aerosol water could be negligible owing to the low aerosol water content, low pH, and high ionic strength. The contributions from in-cloud reactions were negligible due to the barrier provided by stable stratification during winter haze events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingxu Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenying Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fang Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenling Liao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Jingnan Hu
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guigang Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Zuo S, Meng H, Liang J, Zhen H, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang K, Dai J. Residues of Cardiovascular and Lipid-Lowering Drugs Pose a Risk to the Aquatic Ecosystem despite a High Wastewater Treatment Ratio in the Megacity Shanghai, China. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:2312-2322. [PMID: 35129343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The residues of pharmaceuticals in surface waters of megacities and ecotoxicological implications are of particular concern. In this study, we combined field investigations and model simulations to explore the contamination of cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs, one group of the most prescribed medications globally, in surface waters of a typical megacity, Shanghai, with a high wastewater treatment ratio (≈96%). Among 26 target substances, 19 drugs were detected with aqueous concentrations ranging from 0.2 (ketanserin) to 715 ng/L (telmisartan). Of them, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, telmisartan and irbesartan, were dominant besides β-blockers. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrated their much higher levels in tributaries compared to the mainstream. The results of model simulations and field investigation revealed relatively low concentrations of cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs in surface waters of Shanghai compared to other cities in highly developed countries, which is associated with low per capita usage in China. Ecotoxicological studies in zebrafish embryos further revealed developmental effects, including altered hatching success and heart rate, by irbesartan, telmisartan, lidocaine, and their mixtures at ng/L concentrations, which are typical levels in surface waters. Overall, the present results suggest that the high wastewater treatment ratio was not sufficient to protect fish species in the aquatic ecosystem of Shanghai. Exposure to cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs and associated risks will further increase in the future due to healthcare improvements and population aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Zuo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoyu Meng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huajun Zhen
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Pandey P, Ray S. Influence of the Location of a Decision Cue on the Dynamics of Pupillary Light Response. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:755383. [PMID: 35153699 PMCID: PMC8826249 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.755383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pupils of the eyes reflexively constrict in light and dilate in dark to optimize retinal illumination. Non-visual cognitive factors, like attention, arousal, decision-making, etc., also influence pupillary light response (PLR). During passive viewing, the eccentricity of a stimulus modulates the pupillary aperture size driven by spatially weighted corneal flux density (CFD), which is the product of luminance and the area of the stimulus. Whether the scope of attention also influences PLR remains unclear. In this study, we contrasted the pupil dynamics between diffused and focused attentional conditions during decision-making, while the global CFD remained the same in the two conditions. A population of 20 healthy humans participated in a pair of forced choice tasks. They distributed attention to the peripheral decision cue in one task, and concentrated at the center in the other to select the target from four alternatives for gaze orientation. The location of this cue did not influence participants' reaction time (RT). However, the magnitude of constriction was significantly less in the task that warranted attention to be deployed at the center than on the periphery. We observed similar pupil dynamics when participants either elicited or canceled a saccadic eye movement, which ruled out pre-saccadic obligatory attentional orientation contributing to PLR. We further addressed how the location of attentional deployment might have influenced PLR. We simulated a biomechanical model of PLR with visual stimulation of different strengths as inputs corresponding to the two attentional conditions. In this homeomorphic model, the computational characteristic of each element was derived from the physiological and/or mechanical properties of the corresponding biological element. The simulation of this model successfully mimicked the observed data. In contrast to common belief that the global ambient luminosity drives pupillary response, the results of our study suggest that the effective CFD (eCFD) determined via the luminance multiplied by the size of the stimulus at the location of deployed attention in the visual space is critical for the magnitude of pupillary constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supriya Ray
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Han G, Hu S, Zhang X, Qiu Z, Huang Z. Insulin degludec/liraglutide versus its monotherapy on T2D patients: A lifetime cost-utility analysis in China. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011624. [PMID: 36467033 PMCID: PMC9716023 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: IDegLira (brand name Xultophy) is a novel fixed ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. This study aimed to investigate the lifetime cost-effective value of IDegLira compared with its single component (Degludec or Liraglutide) and to explore the suitable annual cost of IDegLira if necessary. Methods: UKPDS OM2 was applied to determine the long-term quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and total costs. The efficacy data that were inputted into the model were synthesized from 6 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that directly assessed the clinical benefit of IDegLira and its components in the treatment of uncontrolled T2D patients. The economic results were examined by one-way sensitivity analysis (OSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). Further price reduction of IDegLira was investigated by binary search. Results: The IDegLira, IDeg, and Lira yielded 11.79 QALYs, 11.62 QALYs, and 11.73 QALYs and total cost of $20281.61, $3726.76, and $11941.26, respectively. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of IDegLira versus IDeg was $99464.12/QALYs, and the ICUR of IDegLira versus Lira was $143348.26/QALYs, which indicated that IDegLira was not a cost-effective therapy for T2D patients compared with its components at the current price from a Chinese national healthcare system perspective. Base case results were robust to OSA and PSA. A further binary search showed that IDegLira appears to only be cost-effective if the annual cost of IDegLira is decreased by 58% when IDeg is considered as a reference, or by 30.57% when Lira is considered as a reference. Conclusion: In conclusion, IDegLira appears to not be cost-effective when compared with the current prices of IDeg or Lira for T2D patients in China. However, after the binary search, IDegLira appears to only be cost-effective if the annual cost of IDegLira is decreased 58% when IDeg is considered as a reference, or by 30.57% when Lira is considered as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Han
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikun Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhikun Qiu, ; Zhe Huang,
| | - Zhe Huang
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhikun Qiu, ; Zhe Huang,
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Wang LJ, Shang ZK, Zhang XC, Zhen Q. [Effects of crude oil pollution on soil moisture infiltration with loessial soil and aeolian sandy soil]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:3341-3348. [PMID: 34658221 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202109.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Crude oil may block soil pores, affect soil water repellency, and change soil water movement. In this study, soil column simulation was used to study the effects of different crude oil pollution levels (0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%) on the water infiltration processes in loessial soil and aeolian sandy soil. The results showed that soil wetting front speed and infiltration rate of those two soils decreased with increasing crude oil content. The time needed for wetting front reaching the bottom of the soil column was the longest under 4% crude oil polluted soil, which was 4 times and 48 times longer than that of no crude oil polluted soil for loessial soil and aeolian sandy soil, respectively. The cumulative infiltration of loessial soil decreased with increasing crude oil content, while it increased to the max and then decreased as the crude oil content increased in aeolian sandy soil. The cumulative infiltration curves of aeolian sandy soil with high crude oil contents (2% and 4%) presented "up-tail" phenomenon. Kostiakov infiltration model and Philip infiltration model could better fit the infiltration process than Green-Ampt model for loessial soil with different crude oil content. However, the two models could only well fit the infiltration process for aeolian sandy soil with low crude oil content (0, 0.5%, 1%). Crude oil pollution could significantly affect soil water infiltration process, especiall in aeolian sandy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Shang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing-Chang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Zhen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Pandey P, Ray S. Pupil dynamics: A potential proxy of neural preparation for goal-directed eye movement. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6587-6607. [PMID: 34510602 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The pupils reflexively constrict or dilate to regulate the influx of light on the retinae. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) is susceptible to many non-visual cognitive processes including covert orientation of attention and planning rapid saccadic eye movement. The frontal eye field (FEF) and superior colliculus (SC), which also send projections to the PLR pathway, are two important areas in primate's brain for planning saccade and orientation of attention. The saccadic reaction time (SRT) and the rate of increase in activity of movement neurons in these areas are inversely correlated. This study addressed how pupil dynamics, activity in the FEF and SC and SRT are related in a saccadic decision-making task. The rate of visually evoked pupil constriction was found inversely related to SRT. This was further verified by simulating a homeomorphic biomechanical model of pupillary muscle plants, wherein we projected signals similar to build-up activity in the FEF and SC to the parasympathetic (constriction) and sympathetic (dilation) division of the PLR pathway, respectively. A striking similarity between simulated and observed dynamics of pupil constriction suggests that PLR is a potential proxy of saccade planning by movement neurons in the FEF and SC. Indistinguishable pupil dynamics when planned saccades were elicited versus when they were cancelled eliminated the possibility that the obligatory pre-saccadic shift of attention alone influenced the rate of pupil constriction. Our study envisages a mechanism of how the oculomotor system influences the autonomic activity in an attempt to timely minimize saccadic visual transients by regulating the influx of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Pandey
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Supriya Ray
- Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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15
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Zhang HC, Liu YL, Wang L, Li ZY, Lu XH, Yang T, Ma J. Enhanced Radical Generation in an Ultraviolet/Chlorine System through the Addition of TiO 2. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:11612-11623. [PMID: 34415770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine draws increasing attention for the abatement of recalcitrant organic pollutants. Herein, it was found that TiO2 would significantly promote the degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in the UV/chlorine system (from 19 to 84%). Hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and chlorine radicals (Cl•) were the dominant reactive species for DMP degradation in the UV/chlorine/TiO2 system. Chlorine decayed much faster in UV/chlorine/TiO2 compared with UV/chlorine, which is possibly because photogenerated electrons (ecb-) and superoxide radicals (O2•-) have high reactivity with chlorine. As a result, the recombination of photogenerated holes (hvb+) and ecb- was inhibited and the accumulation of HO• and Cl• was facilitated. A kinetic model was established to simulate the reaction process, and it was found that the concentrations of HO• and Cl• were several times to dozens of times higher in UV/chlorine/TiO2 than that in UV/chlorine. The contributions of HO• and Cl• to DMP degradation were 70.3 and 29.7% by model simulation, respectively, and were close to the probe experiment result. In the UV/chlorine/TiO2 system, the degradation of DMP did not follow pseudo-first-order kinetics but the degradation of benzoate fitted well with pseudo-first-order kinetics. This phenomenon was elucidated by the structure of the pollutant and TiO2 and further tested by calculating the adsorption energy (Eads)/binding energy (Eb) with density functional theory. Due to faster decay of chlorine, lower amounts of disinfection byproducts formed in UV/chlorine/TiO2 compared with UV/chlorine. Adding TiO2 into the UV/chlorine system can promote the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in an aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu-Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhuo-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Tijmen Koopsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed S Beela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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17
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Pang M, Song W, Liu Y, Pang Y. Simulation of the Parameters Effecting the Water Quality Evolution of Xuanwu Lake, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18115757. [PMID: 34071994 PMCID: PMC8198726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
After years of water environment improvement, China’s water quality has improved to some extent in recent years. However, different water areas have different characteristics of water pollution. The paper used mathematical models to investigate the influence of different parameters on the water quality of Xuanwu Lake, China. The predominant focus was on the nutrients concentration due to changing the amount of pollutants, degradation coefficient, water diversion discharge and diffusion coefficient. The results showed that the amount of pollutants had the most significant impact, followed by the degradation coefficient. The total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of Xuanwu Lake increased with the increase of the amount of pollutants. The water quality of Xuanwu Lake decreased significantly with the increase of degradation coefficient. Increasing the water diversion discharge will not only make a big difference in water quality, but it will also worsen the water quality. The effect of the amount of pollutants on Xuanwu Lake total phosphorus and total nitrogen is 4.1 and 5.7 times that of water diversion discharge. The influence of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the degradation coefficient scheme is 3.5 and 6.2 times that of the water diversion discharge scheme. The diffusion coefficient has almost no effect on the water quality of Xuanwu Lake. From the practical difficulty and implementation effect of water environment improvement, the order of water quality improvement effect from good to bad is as follows: the amount of pollutants scheme, degradation coefficient scheme, water diversion scheme, diffusion coefficient scheme. Under the circumstance of limited water diversion, the lake will effectively improve the water quality. Reducing the discharge of pollutants is the fundamental measure to control water environment problems, and water diversion is an auxiliary measure to improve the water ecology. It will become a trend to combine the reduction of pollutant discharge and water transfer for water environment improvement. This paper is of significance for improving the water quality of Xuanwu Lake, and it also provides a scientific method for water environment improvement of water diversion projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Weiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Company Limited, Nanjing 210036, China;
| | - Yong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Y.P.)
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18
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Wang Q, Pieristè M, Liu C, Kenta T, Robson TM, Kurokawa H. The contribution of photodegradation to litter decomposition in a temperate forest gap and understorey. New Phytol 2021; 229:2625-2636. [PMID: 33098087 PMCID: PMC7898645 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Litter decomposition determines carbon (C) backflow to the atmosphere and ecosystem nutrient cycling. Although sunlight provides the indispensable energy for terrestrial biogeochemical processes, the role of photodegradation in decomposition has been relatively neglected in productive mesic ecosystems. To quantify the effects of this variation, we conducted a factorial experiment in the understorey of a temperate deciduous forest and an adjacent gap, using spectral-attenuation-filter treatments. Exposure to the full spectrum of sunlight increased decay rates by nearly 120% and the effect of blue light contributed 75% of this increase. Scaled-up to the whole forest ecosystem, this translates to 13% loss of leaf-litter C through photodegradation over the year of our study for a scenario of 20% gap. Irrespective of the spectral composition, herbaceous and shrub litter lost mass faster than tree litter, with photodegradation contributing the most to surface litter decomposition in forest canopy gaps. Across species, the initial litter lignin and polyphenolic contents predicted photodegradation by blue light and ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation, respectively. We concluded that photodegradation, modulated by litter quality, is an important driver of decomposition, not just in arid areas, but also in mesic ecosystems such as temperate deciduous forests following gap opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ManagementInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute1 MatsunosatoTsukubaIbaraki3058687Japan
| | - Marta Pieristè
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyViikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS)University of HelsinkiPO Box 65Helsinki00014Finland
- UNIROUENINRAEECODIVNormandie UniversityRouen76000France
| | - Chenggang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable UseXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun666303China
- Centre for Plant EcologyCore Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbanna666303China
| | - Tanaka Kenta
- Sugadaira Research StationMountain Science CentreUniversity of TsukubaSugadaira KogenUeda, Nagano1278294Japan
| | - Thomas Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary BiologyViikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS)University of HelsinkiPO Box 65Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute1 MatsunosatoTsukubaIbaraki3058687Japan
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Hayashida H, Matear RJ, Strutton PG. Background nutrient concentration determines phytoplankton bloom response to marine heatwaves. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4800-4811. [PMID: 32585056 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ocean temperature extreme events such as marine heatwaves are expected to intensify in coming decades due to anthropogenic global warming. Reported ecological and economic impacts of marine heatwaves include coral bleaching, local extinction of mangrove and kelp forests and elevated mortalities of invertebrates, fishes, seabirds and marine mammals. In contrast, little is known about the impacts of marine heatwaves on microbes that regulate biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Here we analyse the daily output of a near-global ocean physical-biogeochemical model simulation to characterize the impacts of marine heatwaves on phytoplankton blooms in 23 tropical and temperate oceanographic regions from 1992 to 2014. The results reveal regionally coherent anomalies of shallower surface mixing layers and lower surface nitrate concentrations during marine heatwaves. These anomalies exert counteracting effects on phytoplankton growth through light and nutrient limitation. Consequently, the responses of phytoplankton blooms are mixed, but can be related to the background nutrient conditions of the study regions. The blooms are weaker during marine heatwaves in nutrient-poor waters, whereas in nutrient-rich waters, the heatwave blooms are stronger. The corresponding analyses of sea-surface temperature, chlorophyll a and nitrate based on satellite observations and in situ climatology support this relationship between phytoplankton bloom anomalies and background nitrate concentration. Given that nutrient-poor waters are projected to expand globally in the 21st century, this study suggests increased occurrence of weaker blooms during marine heatwaves in coming decades, with implications for higher trophic levels and biogeochemical cycling of key elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakase Hayashida
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Richard J Matear
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Peter G Strutton
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
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Huang Z, Galbraith SC, Cha B, Liu H, Park S, Flamm MH, Metzger M, Tantuccio A, Yoon S. Effects of process parameters on tablet critical quality attributes in continuous direct compression: a case study of integrating data-driven statistical models and mechanistic compaction models. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1204-1215. [PMID: 32808839 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1805760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous manufacturing of oral-dosage drug products is increasing the need for rigorous process understanding both from a process design and control perspective. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology that analyzes the effects of upstream process parameters on continuous tablet compaction and then correlates associated upstream variables to the final tablet attributes (e.g. relative density and hardness). The impact of three process parameters (system throughput, blender speed, and compaction force) on tablet attributes is investigated using a full factorial experimental design. As expected, the compaction force was found to be the most significant process parameter. However, importantly, throughput was discovered to have a non-negligible impact which was previously unaccounted for. This impact is proposed to be related to differing levels of powder pre-compression. An empirical model for this relationship is regressed and incorporated into a flowsheet model. The flowsheet model is then used to develop an in silico design space which is compared favorably to that built from experiments. Moreover, in the future, the in silico design space based on the validated flowsheet model can provide better manufacturing flexibility and make control strategy development simpler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangrong Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Shaun C Galbraith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Bumjoon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Huolong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Seoyoung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Matthew H Flamm
- Applied Mathematics and Modeling, Scientific Modeling Platforms, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Matt Metzger
- Pharmaceutical Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Anthony Tantuccio
- Pharmaceutical Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Stoppacher S, Scheruebel S, Üçal M, Kornmüller K, Głowacki E, Schindl R, Shrestha N, Schmidt T, Baumgartner C, Rienmüller T. Modeling External Stimulation of Excitable Cells Using a Novel Light-Activated Organic Semiconductor Technology. Stud Health Technol Inform 2020; 271:9-16. [PMID: 32578535 DOI: 10.3233/shti200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectronic neurostimulation is a promising, minimally invasive treatment modality for neuronal damage, in particular for patients with traumatic brain injury. In this work, a newly developed optoelectronic device, a so-called photocap, based on light-activated organic semiconductor structures with high spatial and temporal resolution is investigated. To prove and verify the feasibility of this new technology, a mathematical model was developed, simulating the electrical response of excitable cells to photocap stimulation. In the first step, a comprehensive technical review of the device concept was performed, building the basis for setting up the simulation model. The simulations demonstrate that photocaps may serve as a stimulation device, triggering action potentials in neural or cardiac cells. Our first results show that the model serves as a perfect tool for evaluating and further developing this new technology, showing high potential for introducing new and innovative therapy methods in the field of optoelectronic cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stoppacher
- Institute of Health Care Engineering with European Testing Center of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Scheruebel
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Muammer Üçal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Kornmüller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eric Głowacki
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Niroj Shrestha
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tony Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Baumgartner
- Institute of Health Care Engineering with European Testing Center of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Rienmüller
- Institute of Health Care Engineering with European Testing Center of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Kang JH, Yoon Y, Song J. Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia using a combined system with absorption and electrochemical oxidation. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 54:1430-1440. [PMID: 31423891 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1653108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), common impurities in biogas, need to be removed before utilizing it. In this study, a combined system, which consisted of an absorption column and an electrochemical oxidation reactor, was tested to simultaneously remove these impurities. The effects of the current density and the chemical loading rate on the system performance were investigated. Firstly, the mass transfer coefficients for the absorption column were determined at various gas flow rates. More mass of NH3 was transferred, compared with that of H2S, because of its higher solubility. In the electro-oxidation reactor, reactive chlorine species (RCSs) were generated and oxidized both H2S and NH3; however, NH3 started to degrade only after H2S was completely eliminated. At a current density of 400 A/m2, the current efficiencies of H2S and NH3 were 23.1% and 5.9%, respectively. In the combined system, the removal efficiency of H2S was closely related to the mass ratio of the H2S transferred and the RCSs generated. The removal efficiency of H2S was greater than 99% when the ratio was less than 1. The mass transfer potential and the oxidation kinetics should be balanced to improve the system performance for the simultaneous removal of H2S and NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kang
- Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeojoon Yoon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - JiHyeon Song
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
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Tu LH, Boulange J, Iwafune T, Yadav IC, Watanabe H. Improvement and application of the PCPF-1@SWAT2012 model for predicting pesticide transport: a case study of the Sakura River watershed. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2520-2529. [PMID: 29656603 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Soil and Water Assessment Tool combined with Pesticide Concentration in Paddy Field (PCPF-1@SWAT) model was previously developed to simulate the fate and transport of rice pesticides in watersheds. However, the current model is deficient in characterizing the rice paddy area and is incompatible with the ArcSWAT2012 program. In this study, we modified the original PCPF-1@SWAT model to develop a new PCPF-1@SWAT2012 model to address the deficiency in the rice paddy area and utilizing the ArcSWAT2012 program. Next, the new model was applied to the Sakura River watershed, Ibaraki, Japan in order to simulate the transport of four herbicides: mefenacet, pretilachlor, bensulfuron-methyl and imazosulfuron. RESULTS The results showed that the water flow rate simulated by PCPF1@SWAT2012 was similar with the observed data. The calculated Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) (0.73) and percent bias (PBIAS) (-20.38) suggested satisfactory performance of the model. In addition, the concentrations of herbicides simulated by the PCPF-1@SWAT2012 model were in good agreement with the observed data. The statistical indices NSE and root mean square error (RMSE) estimated for mefenacet (0.69 and 0.18, respectively), pretilachlor (0.86 and 0.18, respectively), bensulfuronmethyl (0.46 and 0.21, respectively) and imazosulfuron (0.64 and 0.28, respectively) indicated satisfactory predictions. CONCLUSION The PCPF-1@SWAT2012 model is capable of simulating well the water flow rate and transport of herbicides in this watershed, comprising different land use types, including a rice paddy area. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hoang Tu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center of Climate Change, Nong Lam University, HoChiMinh, Vietnam
| | - Julien Boulange
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwafune
- First Risk Assessment Division, Food Safety Commission Secretariat of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirozumi Watanabe
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
In many socially monogamous species, individuals form long-term pair bonds and males mate guard females. Such behavior is thought to help secure intra-pair fertilizations, the result of intra-pair copulations (IPCs), and ensure paternity. However, socially monogamous males are also often opportunistic and seek additional mating opportunities with other females, leaving their partner unguarded. The success associated with a male’s decision to seek more mates over guarding his partner might be impacted by the activity of other males, specifically the proportion of other males leaving their territories to seek extra-pair copulations (EPCs). The amount of EPC-seeking males can impact the likelihood of a given male encountering an unguarded paired female, but also of being cuckolded (losing IPCs). It remains unclear under which conditions it is optimal to stay and guard or seek EPCs. Using field data from socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) to generate parameters, we used optimal performance modeling (Monte Carlo simulations) to ask when is it most reproductively advantageous for a bonded male to seek EPCs, despite the risk of losing IPCs. We defined three types of males: exclusive mating bonded males (true residents), non-exclusive mating bonded residents (roving residents), and unpaired males (wanderers). We first modeled the success of an individual male living in a context that incorporated only true and roving residents. We next added wandering males to this model. Finally, we considered the effects of including wandering males and unpaired females in our model. For all contexts, we found that as EPC-seeking in the population increases, the potential reproductive benefit for seeking EPCs increasingly outpaces the rate of cuckolding. In other words, we observe a shift in optimal strategy from true residents to rovers among paired males. Our models also demonstrate that reproductive fitness is likely to remain constant, despite the shift toward obtaining success via EPCs over IPCs. Our results show the dynamic nature of reproductive decision-making, and demonstrate that alternative reproductive decisions yield subtle but important differences despite appearing as balanced strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Rice
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Luis F Restrepo
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Alexander G Ophir
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Bi W, Weng B, Yuan Z, Ye M, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Yan D, Xu T. Evolution Characteristics of Surface Water Quality Due to Climate Change and LUCC under Scenario Simulations: A Case Study in the Luanhe River Basin. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15081724. [PMID: 30103482 PMCID: PMC6121300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is of great significance to study the effects and mechanisms of the key driving forces of surface water quality deterioration—climate change and LUCC (land use and land cover change). The Luanhe River Basin (LRB) in north-eastern China was examined for qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the responses of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads on different climate scenarios and LUCC scenarios. The results show that from 1963 to 2017, the TN and TP loads basically presented a negative correlation with the temperature change (except for winter), while showing a significant positive correlation with the precipitation change. The incidence of TN pollution is sensitive to temperature increase. From 2020 to 2050, the annual average loads of TN and TP were slightly lower than from 1963 to 2017. The contribution of rising temperature was more significant on nutrient loads. Also, the incidence of TN pollution is sensitive to the future climate change. Under LUCC scenarios, the TN and TP loads and pollution incidence increased correspondingly with the decrease of natural land. The evolution characteristics analysis can provide support for the effect and adaptation-strategies study of climate change and LUCC on surface water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxia Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Baisha Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Zhe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China.
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Dengming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
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Kwon JS, Everetts NJ, Wang X, Wang W, Della Croce K, Xing J, Yao G. Controlling Depth of Cellular Quiescence by an Rb-E2F Network Switch. Cell Rep 2018; 20:3223-3235. [PMID: 28954237 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescence is a non-proliferative cellular state that is critical to tissue repair and regeneration. Although often described as the G0 phase, quiescence is not a single homogeneous state. As cells remain quiescent for longer durations, they move progressively deeper and display a reduced sensitivity to growth signals. Deep quiescent cells, unlike senescent cells, can still re-enter the cell cycle under physiological conditions. Mechanisms controlling quiescence depth are poorly understood, representing a currently underappreciated layer of complexity in growth control. Here, we show that the activation threshold of a Retinoblastoma (Rb)-E2F network switch controls quiescence depth. Particularly, deeper quiescent cells feature a higher E2F-switching threshold and exhibit a delayed traverse through the restriction point (R-point). We further show that different components of the Rb-E2F network can be experimentally perturbed, following computer model predictions, to coarse- or fine-tune the E2F-switching threshold and drive cells into varying quiescence depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Sarah Kwon
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nicholas J Everetts
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Weikang Wang
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kimiko Della Croce
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Guang Yao
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
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Song W, Xu Q, Fu X, Zhang P, Pang Y, Song D. Research on the Relationship between Water Diversion and Water Quality of Xuanwu Lake, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E1262. [PMID: 29904004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Water diversion is often used to improve water quality to reach the standard of China in the short term. However, this large amount of water diversion can not only improve the water quality, but also lead to a decline in the water quality (total phosphorus, total nitrogen) of Xuanwu Lake. Through theoretical analysis, the relationship between water quality and water diversion is established. We also found that the multiplication of the pollutant degradation coefficient (K) and the water residence time (T) is a constant (N), K⋅T=N. The water quality changed better at first, with the increase of inflow discharge, and then became worse, and the optimal water quality inflow discharge is 180,000 m3/day. By constructing two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality models, the optimal diversion water plan is calculated. Through model calculations, it can be seen that reducing the inflow discharge makes the water residence time longer (15.3 days changed to 23.8 days). Thereby, increasing the degradation of pollutants, and thus improving water quality. Compared with other wind directions, the southwest wind makes the water quality of Xuanwu Lake the most uniform. The concentration of water quality first became smaller and then became larger, as the wind speed increased, and eventually became constant. Implementing these results for water quality improvement in small and medium lakes will significantly reduce the cost of water diversion.
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28
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Wei Z, Du T, Li X, Fang L, Liu F. Simulation of Stomatal Conductance and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato Leaves Exposed to Different Irrigation Regimes and Air CO 2 Concentrations by a Modified "Ball-Berry" Model. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:445. [PMID: 29686689 PMCID: PMC5900028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato leaves exposed to different irrigation regimes and at ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 400 ppm) and elevated CO2 (e[CO2], 800 ppm) environments were simulated using the "Ball-Berry" model (BB-model). Data obtained from a preliminary experiment (Exp. I) was used for model parameterization, where measurements of leaf gas exchange of potted tomatoes were done during progressive soil drying for 5 days. The measured photosynthetic rate (Pn) was used as an input for the model. Considering the effect of soil water deficits on gs, an equation modifying the slope (m) based on the mean soil water potential (Ψs) in the whole root zone was introduced. Compared to the original BB-model, the modified model showed greater predictability for both gs and WUE of tomato leaves at each [CO2] growth environment. The models were further validated with data obtained from an independent experiment (Exp. II) where plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes: full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI), and alternative partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) for 40 days at both a[CO2] and e[CO2] environment. The simulation results indicated that gs was independently acclimated to e[CO2] from Pn. The modified BB-model performed better in estimating gs and WUE, especially for PRI strategy at both [CO2] environments. A greater WUE could be seen in plants grown under e[CO2] associated with PRI regime. Conclusively, the modified BB-model was capable of predicting gs and WUE of tomato leaves in various irrigation regimes at both a[CO2] and e[CO2] environments. This study could provide valuable information for better predicting plant WUE adapted to the future water-limited and CO2 enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wei
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Taisheng Du
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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29
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Abstract
Physiome is an area of physiology to generate a whole system by analyzing and integrating scattered and discrete information. The term “physiome” was first introduced by James B. Bassingthwaight in 1993, and officially announced by the International Union of Physiological Societies as the new field to be accomplished in the 21st century. In this review, I introduce the concepts of physiome, why physiome should be pursued, what kind of strategy is necessary to form physiome, and how physiome can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Hun Leem
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Cao H, Li H, Kou Z, Shi Y, Tang J, Ma Z, Shen C, Liu J. Optimization and Experimentation of Dual-Mass MEMS Gyroscope Quadrature Error Correction Methods. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16010071. [PMID: 26751455 PMCID: PMC4732104 DOI: 10.3390/s16010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on an optimal quadrature error correction method for the dual-mass MEMS gyroscope, in order to reduce the long term bias drift. It is known that the coupling stiffness and demodulation error are important elements causing bias drift. The coupling stiffness in dual-mass structures is analyzed. The experiment proves that the left and right masses' quadrature errors are different, and the quadrature correction system should be arranged independently. The process leading to quadrature error is proposed, and the Charge Injecting Correction (CIC), Quadrature Force Correction (QFC) and Coupling Stiffness Correction (CSC) methods are introduced. The correction objects of these three methods are the quadrature error signal, force and the coupling stiffness, respectively. The three methods are investigated through control theory analysis, model simulation and circuit experiments, and the results support the theoretical analysis. The bias stability results based on CIC, QFC and CSC are 48 °/h, 9.9 °/h and 3.7 °/h, respectively, and this value is 38 °/h before quadrature error correction. The CSC method is proved to be the better method for quadrature correction, and it improves the Angle Random Walking (ARW) value, increasing it from 0.66 °/√h to 0.21 °/√h. The CSC system general test results show that it works well across the full temperature range, and the bias stabilities of the six groups' output data are 3.8 °/h, 3.6 °/h, 3.4 °/h, 3.1 °/h, 3.0 °/h and 4.2 °/h, respectively, which proves the system has excellent repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Hongsheng Li
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhiwei Kou
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
| | - Yunbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
| | - Zongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
| | - Chong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
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31
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Erdfelder E, Castela M, Michalkiewicz M, Heck DW. The advantages of model fitting compared to model simulation in research on preference construction. Front Psychol 2015; 6:140. [PMID: 25741307 PMCID: PMC4332279 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Erdfelder
- Cognition and Individual Differences Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marta Castela
- Cognition and Individual Differences Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martha Michalkiewicz
- Cognition and Individual Differences Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel W Heck
- Cognition and Individual Differences Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany
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32
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Glantz P, Bourassa A, Herber A, Iversen T, Karlsson J, Kirkevåg A, Maturilli M, Seland Ø, Stebel K, Struthers H, Tesche M, Thomason L. Remote sensing of aerosols in the Arctic for an evaluation of global climate model simulations. J Geophys Res Atmos 2014; 119:8169-8188. [PMID: 25821664 PMCID: PMC4370760 DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.51507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 555 nm are compared to Sun photometer measurements from Svalbard for a period of 9 years. For the 642 daily coincident measurements that were obtained, MODIS AOT generally varies within the predicted uncertainty of the retrieval over ocean (ΔAOT = ±0.03 ± 0.05 · AOT). The results from the remote sensing have been used to examine the accuracy in estimates of aerosol optical properties in the Arctic, generated by global climate models and from in situ measurements at the Zeppelin station, Svalbard. AOT simulated with the Norwegian Earth System Model/Community Atmosphere Model version 4 Oslo global climate model does not reproduce the observed seasonal variability of the Arctic aerosol. The model overestimates clear-sky AOT by nearly a factor of 2 for the background summer season, while tending to underestimate the values in the spring season. Furthermore, large differences in all-sky AOT of up to 1 order of magnitude are found for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 model ensemble for the spring and summer seasons. Large differences between satellite/ground-based remote sensing of AOT and AOT estimated from dry and humidified scattering coefficients are found for the subarctic marine boundary layer in summer. KEY POINTS Remote sensing of AOT is very useful in validation of climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Glantz
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam Bourassa
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andreas Herber
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Trond Iversen
- ECMWF Reading, UK ; Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Marion Maturilli
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | | | - Hamish Struthers
- National Supercomputer Centre, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matthias Tesche
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
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Rojo G, Glaus M, Laforest V, Bourgois J, Hausler R. Dynamic waste management (DWM): towards an evolutionary decision-making approach. Waste Manag Res 2013; 31:1285-1292. [PMID: 24135550 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x13507306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To guarantee sustainable and dynamic waste management, the dynamic waste management approach (DWM) suggests an evolutionary new approach that maintains a constant flow towards the most favourable waste treatment processes (facilities) within a system. To that end, DWM is based on the law of conservation of energy, which allows the balancing of a network, while considering the constraints of incoming (h1 ) and outgoing (h2 ) loads, as well as the distribution network (ΔH) characteristics. The developed approach lies on the identification of the prioritization index (PI) for waste generators (analogy to h1 ), a global allocation index for each of the treatment processes (analogy to h2 ) and the linear index load loss (ΔH) associated with waste transport. To demonstrate the scope of DWM, we outline this approach, and then present an example of its application. The case study shows that the variable monthly waste from the three considered sources is dynamically distributed in priority to the more favourable processes. Moreover, the reserve (stock) helps temporarily store waste in order to ease the global load of the network and favour a constant feeding of the treatment processes. The DWM approach serves as a decision-making tool by evaluating new waste treatment processes, as well as their location and new means of transport for waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rojo
- 1Station Expérimentale des Procédés Pilotes en Environnement (STEPPE), Ecole de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, Canada
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Rohn H, Junker A, Hartmann A, Grafahrend-Belau E, Treutler H, Klapperstück M, Czauderna T, Klukas C, Schreiber F. VANTED v2: a framework for systems biology applications. BMC Syst Biol 2012; 6:139. [PMID: 23140568 PMCID: PMC3610154 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental datasets are becoming larger and increasingly complex, spanning different data domains, thereby expanding the requirements for respective tool support for their analysis. Networks provide a basis for the integration, analysis and visualization of multi-omics experimental datasets. RESULTS Here we present VANTED (version 2), a framework for systems biology applications, which comprises a comprehensive set of seven main tasks. These range from network reconstruction, data visualization, integration of various data types, network simulation to data exploration combined with a manifold support of systems biology standards for visualization and data exchange. The offered set of functionalities is instantiated by combining several tasks in order to enable users to view and explore a comprehensive dataset from different perspectives. We describe the system as well as an exemplary workflow. CONCLUSIONS VANTED is a stand-alone framework which supports scientists during the data analysis and interpretation phase. It is available as a Java open source tool from http://www.vanted.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Rohn
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Astrid Junker
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Anja Hartmann
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Eva Grafahrend-Belau
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hendrik Treutler
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Matthias Klapperstück
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Tobias Czauderna
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Christian Klukas
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Falk Schreiber
- , Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Jacobs AFG, Heusinkveld BG, Kraai A, Paaijmans KP. Diurnal temperature fluctuations in an artificial small shallow water body. Int J Biometeorol 2008; 52:271-80. [PMID: 17926069 PMCID: PMC2668566 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-007-0121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
For aquatic biological processes, diurnal and annual cycles of water temperature are very important to plants as well as to animals and microbes living in the water. An existing one-dimensional model has been extended to simulate the temperature profile within a small water body. A year-round outdoor experiment has been conducted to estimate the model input parameters and to verify the model. Both model simulations and measurements show a strong temperature stratification in the water during daytime. Throughout the night, however, a well-mixed layer starting at the water surface develops. Because the water body is relatively small, it appears that the sediment heat flux has a strong effect on the behaviour of the water temperature throughout the seasons. In spring, the water temperature remains relatively low due to the cold surrounding soil, while in autumn the opposite occurs due to the relatively warm soil. It appears that, in small water bodies, the total amount of incoming long wave radiation is sensitive to the sky view factor. In our experiments, the intensity of precipitation also appears to have a small effect on the stratification of the water temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrie F G Jacobs
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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