1
|
Yang T, Kong J, Chen X, Zeng H, Zhou N, Yang X, Miao Q, Liao X, Zhang F, Lan F, Wang H, Li D. Overview of road traffic injuries among migrant workers in Guangzhou, China, from 2017 to 2021. Inj Prev 2023:ip-2023-044986. [PMID: 38123988 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are many migrant workers in China's first-tier cities, but little is known about road safety. This paper systematically analysed road traffic injuries and risk factors among migrant workers in Guangzhou, China. METHODS Road traffic crash data from 2017 to 2021 were obtained from the Guangzhou Public Security Traffic Management Integrated System. We plotted the crash network of road users in road traffic crashes and used logistic regression to analyse the risk factors for migrant workers of motorcycle and four-wheeled vehicle crashes. Moreover, the roles of migrant workers and control individuals as perpetrators in road traffic crashes were also analysed. RESULTS Between 2017 and 2021, 76% of road traffic injuries were migrant workers in Guangzhou. Migrant workers who were motorcyclist drivers most commonly experienced road traffic injuries. Crashes between motorcyclists and car occupants were the most common. The illegal behaviours of migrant worker motorcyclists were closely related to casualties, with driving without a licence only and driving without a licence and drunk driving accounting for the greatest number. Migrant workers were responsible for many injuries of other road users. Motorcycle drivers have a higher proportion of drunk driving. DISCUSSION Migrant workers play an important role in road traffic safety. They were both the leading source of road traffic injuries and the main perpetrators of road traffic crashes. Measures such as strict requirements for migrant workers to drive motorcycles with licences, prohibit drunk driving, greater publicity of road safety regulations, and combining compulsory education with punishment for illegal behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Yang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Kong
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- South China University of Technology School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Zeng
- Guangzhou Public Security Bureau, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingan Yang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Miao
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Traffic Accident Identification Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinbiao Liao
- Department of Guangdong Public Security, Forensic Pathology Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Guangdong Public Security, Forensic Pathology Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchong Lan
- South China University of Technology School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongri Li
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naude C, Bujon C, Boussen S, Serre T, Bélot F. Comparison of kinetic changes during helicopter medical evacuations: civilian versus military flights. Inj Prev 2023:ip-2023-044972. [PMID: 38050041 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicopter evacuation is crucial for providing medical care to casualties. Previous civilian studies have demonstrated that air transport can enhance survival rates compared with ground transport. However, there has been limited research on specific accelerations during helicopter flights, particularly in military flights. This study aims to analyse and compare the accelerations endured during civilian and military helicopter evacuations. METHODS Accelerations were recorded during evacuation flights from the site of injury to the first medical responders in civilian helicopter EC135 T1, and military Puma SA.330 and Caiman NH90 TTH helicopters. The research investigated global acceleration and compared acceleration distributions along the vertical, lateral and longitudinal axes. A specific comparative study of the take-off phases was also performed. RESULTS The analysis showed that vertical loads caused the most extreme accelerations for all types of helicopter but these extreme accelerations were rare and lasted for less than 1 s. Military flights show similar acceleration intensities to civilian flights, but accelerations are higher during short periods of the take-off phase. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that helicopter evacuations during military operations are as safe as civilian evacuations and highlight the importance of patient positioning in the aircraft. However, further research should investigate the haemodynamic response to accelerations experienced during actual evacuation flights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Naude
- Université Gustave Eiffel - Campus Méditerranée, Salon de Provence, France
| | - Cécile Bujon
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Salah Boussen
- Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Serre
- Université Gustave Eiffel - Campus Méditerranée, Salon de Provence, France
| | - Frédérik Bélot
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé, Île-de-France, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghebreab L, Kool B, Lee A, Morton S. Antenatal and early childhood exposures associated with non-fatal infant injury: evidence from a longitudinal birth cohort in New Zealand. Inj Prev 2023; 29:532-536. [PMID: 37714698 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify antenatal and early childhood exposures of unintentional injury among infants in New Zealand (NZ). METHOD The theoretical life-course framework of child injury prevention domains was utilised to analyse data from a prospective longitudinal NZ birth cohort (Growing Up in NZ). Risk and protective factors for injury were identified using Robust Poisson regression models. RESULT Among children included for the analysis(n=6304), 52% were male, 55% were born to European mothers, and 37% lived in a household with high levels of deprivation. Mothers reported that 6% of infants (n=406) had sustained at least one injury by 9 months. Multivariate analysis showed injury risk among single mothers with antenatal depression were more than twice that (IRR=2.20) of children of mothers with partners and without depression. CONCLUSION Understanding antenatal risk and protective factors for infant injury will assist in implementing injury prevention programmes or modifying the existing policies that affect these vulnerable age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luam Ghebreab
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bridget Kool
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Arier Lee
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan Morton
- Department of Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boufous S, Möller H, Patton G, Woodward M, Stevenson MR, Senserrick T, Mclean R, Cullen P, Wang A, Rogers K, Chen HY, Ivers RQ. Acculturation and risk of traffic crashes in young Asian-born Australian drivers. Inj Prev 2023; 29:74-78. [PMID: 36171076 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study examines changes over time in crash risk differences between young Australian drivers born in Asia and those born in Australia.Data from the 2003 baseline survey of the DRIVE cohort of 20 806 young drivers aged 17-24 years were linked to police, hospital and death data up until 2016. The association between country of birth and crash was investigated using flexible parametric survival models adjusted for confounders.Six months after baseline, the crash risk in Asian-born drivers was less than half that of their Australian-born counterparts (mean HR, MHR 0.41; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.57), only to increase steadily over time to resemble that of Australian-born drivers 13 years later (MHR 0.94; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.36).This is likely to be associated with acculturation and the adoption by young Asian-born Australian drivers of driving behaviour patterns akin to those born locally. This needs to be considered in future road safety campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Boufous
- Transport and Road Safety Research, School of Aviation, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales - Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holger Möller
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- School of Public Health, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark R Stevenson
- Melbourne School of Design
- Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
- Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teresa Senserrick
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Mclean
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Wang
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kris Rogers
- Graduate School of Health and School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huei-Yang Chen
- NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Q Ivers
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Qin Y, Wang Z, Xin Y. How to analyse the injury based on 24Model: a case study of coal mine gas explosion injury. Inj Prev 2021; 27:542-553. [PMID: 34518337 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coal mine gas explosion injury has caused mass casualties, which have resulted in widespread concern. METHODS In order to prevent gas explosion injury in coal mine, 24Model is proposed to analyse the risk in this paper. 24Model is a human-oriented and organisation-oriented risk analysis method. Based on the 24Model, we propose a general procedure for analysing the causes of injury within the organisation. RESULTS A coal mine gas explosion case was analysed using the 24Model and the proposed analysis method, and the evolution of injury and the interaction of various causes was showed, and 6 unsafe conditions, 25 unsafe acts, 13 safety knowledge, 13 safety management systems and 13 safety cultures were obtained. CONCLUSION Case analysis results show that by using the 24Model and analysis method the proposed effect can help employees to clearly see the evolution and identify the causes of the injury, to better understand the logical relationship with the causes of the injury, improve the effectiveness of training and effectively prevent similar injury. The case study provides a practical procedure for injury investigation and analysis, and thus, preventive measures can be made according to the various causations at different levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing Campus, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Qin
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing Campus, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing Campus, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Xin
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing Campus, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tellier É, Simonnet B, Gil-Jardiné C, Lerouge-Bailhache M, Castelle B, Salmi R. Predicting drowning from sea and weather forecasts: development and validation of a model on surf beaches of southwestern France. Inj Prev 2021; 28:16-22. [PMID: 33692084 PMCID: PMC8788255 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To predict the coast-wide risk of drowning along the surf beaches of Gironde, southwestern France. Methods Data on rescues and drownings were collected from the Medical Emergency Center of Gironde (SAMU 33). Seasonality, holidays, weekends, weather and metocean conditions were considered potentially predictive. Logistic regression models were fitted with data from 2011 to 2013 and used to predict 2015–2017 events employing weather and ocean forecasts. Results Air temperature, wave parameters, seasonality and holidays were associated with drownings. Prospective validation was performed on 617 days, covering 232 events (rescues and drownings) reported on 104 different days. The area under the curve (AUC) of the daily risk prediction model (combined with 3-day forecasts) was 0.82 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.86). The AUC of the 3-hour step model was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.88). Conclusions Drowning events along the Gironde surf coast can be anticipated up to 3 days in advance. Preventative messages and rescue preparations could be increased as the forecast risk increased, especially during the off-peak season, when the number of available rescuers is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Tellier
- Pôle Urgences adultes SAMU-SMUR, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France .,Bordeaux Population Health, Université de Bordeaux Collège Sciences de la Santé, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Simonnet
- Pôle Urgences adultes SAMU-SMUR, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Gil-Jardiné
- Pôle Urgences adultes SAMU-SMUR, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux Population Health, Université de Bordeaux Collège Sciences de la Santé, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Lerouge-Bailhache
- Bordeaux Population Health, Université de Bordeaux Collège Sciences de la Santé, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de Pédiatrie, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Castelle
- UMR EPOC, CNRS, Pessac, France.,UMR EPOC, Université Bordeaux 1 UFR des Sciences de la Terre et de la Mer, Pessac, Aquitaine, France
| | - Rachid Salmi
- Bordeaux Population Health, Université de Bordeaux Collège Sciences de la Santé, Bordeaux, France.,Pôle de santé publique, Service d'information médicale, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Curry AE, Pfeiffer MR, Metzger KB, Carey ME, Cook LJ. Development of the integrated New Jersey Safety and Health Outcomes (NJ-SHO) data warehouse: catalysing advancements in injury prevention research. Inj Prev 2021; 27:472-478. [PMID: 33685949 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to describe the development of the New Jersey Safety and Health Outcomes (NJ-SHO) data warehouse-a unique and comprehensive data source that integrates state-wide administrative databases in NJ to enable the field of injury prevention to address critical, high-priority research questions. METHODS We undertook an iterative process to link data from six state-wide administrative databases from NJ for the period of 2004 through 2018: (1) driver licensing histories, (2) traffic-related citations and suspensions, (3) police-reported crashes, (4) birth certificates, (5) death certificates and (6) hospital discharges (emergency department, inpatient and outpatient). We also linked to electronic health records of all NJ patients of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia network, census tract-level indicators (using geocoded residential addresses) and state-wide Medicaid/Medicare data. We used several metrics to evaluate the quality of the linkage process. RESULTS After the linkage process was complete, the NJ-SHO data warehouse included linked records for 22.3 million distinct individuals. Our evaluation of this linkage suggests that the linkage was of high quality: (1) the median match probability-or likelihood of a match being true-among all accepted pairs was 0.9999 (IQR: 0.9999-1.0000); and (2) the false match rate-or proportion of accepted pairs that were false matches-was 0.0063. CONCLUSIONS The resulting NJ-SHO warehouse is one of the most comprehensive and rich longitudinal sources of injury data to date. The warehouse has already been used to support numerous studies and is primed to support a host of rigorous studies in the field of injury prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Curry
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa R Pfeiffer
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristina B Metzger
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan E Carey
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence J Cook
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun F, Zhou Y, Dong L, Qin H. Relationship between the use and type of eye protection and work-related corneal and conjunctival foreign body injuries. Inj Prev 2020; 27:521-526. [PMID: 33443032 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to reveal the relationship between the use and type of eye protection and the occurrence of work-related corneal and conjunctival foreign body injuries. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with work-related corneal and/or conjunctival foreign body injuries between 1 August 2017 and 31 July 2018. They were all diagnosed and treated at Jia Ding Hospital affiliated to the Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences in Shanghai, China. All patients received a comprehensive eye examination and a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire by ophthalmologists. RESULTS A total of 426 consecutive patients were included in the study. The majority of work-related eye injuries occurred in men (94.17%). Summer was the season that had the highest incidence of eye injuries, especially in July and August (38.03%). There were 290 patients (68.08%) that were injured more than once. The ratio of eye protection use to non-protection was 1:7 at the first time of eye injury. The ratio improved to 1:3 on subsequent injury. A majority of employers (79.11%) provided eye protection to employees. However, 19.95% of the workers were injured despite wearing a pair of protective spectacles. The causes of work-related eye injury were as follows: no eye protections provided (20.89%); unawareness of work safety (30.99%); defect of spectacles (47.18%). CONCLUSIONS Protection use at work effectively prevents work-related eye injuries. Both employers and employees require improved awareness of workplace hazards and personal protection. Eye protection should be selected appropriately according to the work environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongdong Zhou
- Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqun Dong
- Ophthalmology, Jia Ding Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haofang Qin
- Ophthalmology, Jia Ding Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rudisill TM, Smith GS. Risk factors associated with driving under the influence of drugs in the USA. Inj Prev 2020; 27:514-520. [PMID: 33303559 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a burgeoning public health concern in the USA. Because little is known about individuals who engage in DUID, the purpose of this study was to analyse potential sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors associated with the behaviour. METHODS Self-reported data from drivers ≥18 years of age who ever used drugs and participated in the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used. Characteristics of those who reported to engage and not engage in DUID were compared via frequencies, percentages and logistic regression analyses, which accounted for the multistage survey design. RESULTS Among eligible respondents, 10.4% (weighted n=117 275 154) reported DUID. DUID was higher among those aged 18-25 year (34%), males (65%), unmarried individuals (61%), lesbian/gay/bisexuals (13%), those whom abused or were drug dependent (45%), engaged in numerous risky lifestyle behaviours (12%) and those taking medication for a mental health issue (22%). Nearly 20% and 6% of respondents engaged in DUID abused or were dependent on marijuana or methamphetamine, respectively. The adjusted odds of DUID were greatest among those 18-25 years of age (OR 3.7; 95% CI 2.8 to 5.0), those never/not married (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.2), those who abused or were drug dependent (OR 4.0; 95% CI 3.5 to 4.7), exhibited riskier lifestyle behaviours (OR 8.0; 95% CI 5.9 to 11.0), were employed (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) or lesbian/gay/bisexuals (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7). CONCLUSIONS DUID was common among some population sub-groups who may benefit from intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon S Smith
- Epidemiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kevrekidis DP, Brousa E, Mastrogianni O, Orfanidis A, Gika HG, Raikos N. Risk factors for fatal drowning in a Greek region: a retrospective case-control study. Inj Prev 2020; 27:316-323. [PMID: 32769124 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatal drowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional injury mortality worldwide and a persistent public health concern in Greece. While several pathologic and sociodemographic contributing factors have been previously identified, these have not been extensively investigated in conjunction with the effects of psychoactive substances. METHODS A retrospective case-control study of drowning deaths was conducted in the Greek regions of Northern Greece and Thessaly during a 10-year period. A regression model was constructed examining differences in detected substances, autopsy findings and sociodemographic characteristics between 240 victims of unintentional fatal submersion and 480 victims of other causes of sudden or violent death. RESULTS The majority of victims were males (69.4%) and foreign nationality was associated with increased odds of drowning. Cardiomegaly and coronary bypass grafts were significantly more likely to have been recorded among drowning victims, while the frequency of other circulatory system disorders was also elevated. Several of these findings were potential arrhythmogenic substrates which could adversely interact with the diving reflex. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most commonly detected pharmacological group (9.0%), and along with tramadol, there was an increased likelihood of exposure to them. These drugs have been previously associated with QT prolongation and other adverse effects which may contribute to fatal outcomes in a seawater environment. In contrast, there was a decreased risk of exposure to dependence-inducing drugs and paracetamol. CONCLUSIONS Male sex, older age, foreign nationality and cardiovascular disease predisposed individuals to an elevated risk of fatal submersion. SSRI antidepressants and tramadol may contribute to this outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Phaedon Kevrekidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdokia Brousa
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Amvrosios Orfanidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen G Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Raikos
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Naredo Turrado J, Orriols L, Contrand B, Zins M, Salmi LR, Lafont S, Lagarde E. Chronic medical conditions and their association with crash risk and changes in driving habits: a prospective study of the GAZEL cohort. Inj Prev 2020; 27:17-23. [PMID: 31941755 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess crash risk and driving habits associated with chronic medical conditions among drivers entering old age. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING French cohort GAZEL. PARTICIPANTS 12 460 drivers in the analysis of road traffic crash, among whom 11 670 completed the follow-up period (2007-2014). We assessed driving cessation among 11 633 participants over the same period, and mileage and driving avoidance among the 4973 participants who returned a road safety questionnaire in 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Yearly occurrence of at least one road crash as a driver; time to driving cessation; mileage; driving avoidance: at night, with bad weather, in heavy traffic, with glare conditions, over long distances. RESULTS Several potentially risky conditions (angina, myocardial infarction, coronary disease; stroke; nephritic colic, urinary stones; glaucoma) were associated with lower mileage and/or driving avoidance and did not increase crash risk. Neither driving avoidance nor lower mileage was found for other conditions associated with an increased crash risk: hearing difficulties (adjusted OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.34); joint disorders (1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.30). Depression, anxiety and stress was associated with an increased crash risk (1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.49) despite increased driving avoidance. Parkinson's disease was associated with driving cessation (adjusted HR 32.61, 95% CI 14.21 to 65.17). CONCLUSIONS Depending on their condition, and probably on the associated risk perception, drivers entering old age report diverse driving habits. For example, hearing difficulties is a frequent condition, rarely considered a threat to road safety, and nonetheless associated with an increased crash risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Naredo Turrado
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France .,Team IETO, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ludivine Orriols
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Team IETO, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Contrand
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Team IETO, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, INSERM UMS 011, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Louis-Rachid Salmi
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Team IETO, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylviane Lafont
- UMRESTTE UMR T 9405, Université Lyon, IFSTTAR, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuel Lagarde
- ISPED, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Team IETO, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jonsson A, Jaldell H. Identifying sociodemographic risk factors associated with residential fire fatalities: a matched case control study. Inj Prev 2019; 26:147-152. [PMID: 30833287 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between sociodemographic factors and residential fire fatalities in Sweden. A majority of fatal fires occur in housing. An understanding of risk factors and risk groups is a must for well-founded decisions regarding targeted prevention efforts. There is a lack of consideration of the interrelation between sociodemographic factors and fire fatalities and there is a lack of high quality large-scale studies. METHODS In this matched case-control study, residential fire fatalities (cases, n=850) (age above 19 years old) were identified in the national register on fatal fires. Four controls per case were randomly matched by gender and age. ORs were calculated to assess the association between different sociodemographic factors with residential fire fatalities using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Having low income, receiving social allowance and receiving health-related early retirement pension were associated with an increased risk of dying in residential fires. The results also show clearly that adults dying in residential fires to a significantly lower extent were living together with a partner, were in work, were highly educated and lived in urban areas. However, contrary to previous research, living in rented apartments appeared not to influence the risk of death. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that fatalities due to residential fires in Sweden are associated with some but not all of previously published sociodemographic risk factors. The results provide valuable information that can improve the guiding and targeting of fire mortality prevention strategies in Sweden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jonsson
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Division of Risk Management, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden .,Centre for Public Safety, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jaldell
- Department of Economics, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While Japan has socioeconomic issues, such as income inequality, little is known about the association between socioeconomic factors and the risk of unintentional childhood injuries. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors on the risk for unintentional injuries among preschool children in Japan. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using data from a web-based questionnaire survey. SETTING Japan (January 2015). PARTICIPANTS 1000 households with preschool children under 6 years of age. OUTCOME MEASURES Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyse the influence of socioeconomic factors on the incidence of unintentional injuries. RESULTS Overall, 976 households were eligible for the analysis, with 201 households reporting unintentional injuries. The incidence rates for unintentional injury were estimated to be constant across all strata constructed using combinations of socioeconomic factors. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant differences in socioeconomic factors between households that reported unintentional injuries and those that did not. CONCLUSION The findings of our study demonstrated that unintentional injuries among preschool children occurred at approximately fixed rates, independent of socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, prevention strategies for unintentional injuries that concern socioeconomic disadvantages should be avoided in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hagiwara
- Department of Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junta Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohei Akazawa
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peden AE, Franklin RC, Leggat PA. Exploring visitation at rivers to understand drowning risk. Inj Prev 2018; 25:392-399. [PMID: 29875291 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, rivers are a common drowning location. In Australia, rivers are the leading location for fatal drowning. Limited information exists on exposure and impact on river drowning risk. METHODS Australian unintentional fatal river drowning data (sourced from coronial records) and nationally representative survey data on river visitation were used to estimate river drowning risk based on exposure for adults (18 years and older). Differences in river drowning rates per 100 000 (population and exposed population) were examined by sex, age group, activity prior to drowning, alcohol presence and watercraft usage. RESULTS Between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016, 151 people drowned in Australian rivers; 86% male and 40% aged 18-34 years. Of survey respondents, 73% had visited a river within the last 12 months. After adjusting for exposure: males were 7.6 times more likely to drown at rivers; female drowning rate increased by 50% (0.06-0.09 per 100 000); males aged 75+ years and females aged 55-74 years were at highest risk of river drowning; and swimming and recreating pose a high risk to both males and females. After adjusting for exposure, males were more likely to drown with alcohol present (RR=8.5; 95% CI 2.6 to 27.4) and in a watercraft-related incident (RR=25.5; 95% CI 3.5 to 186.9). CONCLUSIONS Calculating exposure for river drowning is challenging due to diverse usage, time spent and number of visits. While males were more likely to drown, the differences between males and females narrow after adjusting for exposure. This is an important factor to consider when designing and implementing drowning prevention strategies to effectively target those at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Peden
- Royal Life Saving Society-Australia, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard C Franklin
- Royal Life Saving Society-Australia, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter A Leggat
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fein J, Bogumil D, Upperman JS, Burke RV. Pediatric dog bites: a population-based profile. Inj Prev 2018; 25:290-294. [PMID: 29439149 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified risk factors for dog bites in children, but use data from individual trauma centers, with limited generalizability. This study identifies a population risk profile for pediatric dog bites using the National Trauma Data Bank. We hypothesized that the population at risk was younger boys, that such bites occur at home, are moderately severe, and are on the face or neck. METHODS For this retrospective cross-sectional study, a sample of 7912 children 17 years old and younger with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 event code E906.0, for dog bites, were identified. Datasets from 2007 to 2014 were used. Data included patient's gender, age, ICD-9 primary and location E-codes, AIS body region and AIS severity. RESULTS Most children were 6-12 years old and female, but a similar number fell into the narrower range of 0-2 years old. Injuries in the younger group frequently occurred at home, on the face and head, and with minor severity. Age of the child predicts the location of incident (P<0.001), the severity of injury (P<0.001) and the body region of the injury (P<0.001). Body region of the injury predicted its severity (P<0.001). DISCUSSION Younger children are more likely to receive dog bites, and bites incurred are likely of greater severity. Children this young cannot yet be taught how to properly interact with a dog. CONCLUSIONS Dog bites are a significant source of morbidity for children. Based on the population risk factors profile generated, this study recommends targeting live dog education towards the parents of young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Fein
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Trauma Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Bogumil
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Trauma Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Upperman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rita V Burke
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Trauma Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Perez Esparza D, Hemenway D. What is the level of household gun ownership in urban Mexico? An estimate from the first Mexican survey on gun ownership 2017. Inj Prev 2017; 25:93-97. [PMID: 29263089 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gun violence has increased in Mexico since the mid-2000s, but little is known about patterns of gun ownership. We examine the size and composition of the privately held urban firearm stock in Mexico, motivations for ownership, and attitudes about gun laws. To this end, a household telephone survey of 1361 adults living in nine Mexican cities was conducted in the summer of 2017. We find that few urban Mexican households contain guns. Most of those who report ownership possess one gun, having purchased it recently for self-defense. Few urban Mexican citizens plan to purchase a gun in the future. Respondents are more likely to believe that crime in Mexico would increase if guns were allowed in more places (ie, workplaces and motor vehicles). Evidence suggests urban Mexico has relative low rates of firearm ownership. Few city dwellers plan on obtaining a firearm in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Perez Esparza
- Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - David Hemenway
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schofield KE, Ryan AD, Stroinski C. Student-inflicted injuries to staff in schools: comparing risk between educators and non-educators. Inj Prev 2017; 25:116-122. [PMID: 29079578 PMCID: PMC6580785 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Student-inflicted injury to staff in the educational services sector is a growing concern. Studies on violence have focused on teachers as victims, but less is known about injuries to other employee groups, particularly educational assistants. Inequities may be present, as educational assistants and non-educators may not have the same wage, benefits, training and employment protections available to them as professional educators. We identified risk factors for student-related injury and their characteristics among employees in school districts. METHODS Workers' compensation data were used to identify incidence and severity of student-related injury. Rates were calculated using negative binomial regression; risk factors were identified using multivariate models to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Over 26% of all injuries were student-related; 8% resulted in lost work time. Special and general education assistants experienced significantly increased risk of injury (RR=6.0, CI 5.05 to 7.15; RR=2.07, CI 1.40 to 3.07) as compared with educators. Risk differed by age, gender and school district type. Text analyses categorised student-related injury. It revealed injury from students acting out occurred most frequently (45.4%), whereas injuries involving play with students resulted in the highest percentage of lost-time injuries (17.7%) compared with all interaction categories. CONCLUSION Student-inflicted injury to staff occurs frequently and can be severe. Special education and general assistants bear the largest burden of injury compared with educators. A variety of prevention techniques to reduce injury risk and severity, including policy or environmental modifications, may be appropriate. Equal access to risk reduction methods for all staff should be prioritised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Schofield
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew D Ryan
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peden AE, Franklin RC, Queiroga AC. Epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for the prevention of global unintentional fatal drowning in people aged 50 years and older: a systematic review. Inj Prev 2017; 24:240-247. [PMID: 28774894 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drowning is a global public health issue and prevention poses an ongoing challenge for all countries. Many nations are experiencing ageing populations, and little is known about the epidemiology, risk factors and prevention of drowning deaths among older people. This paper reports on a systematic review of literature published on drowning among older people. METHODS A systematic literature review was undertaken using English-language, Portuguese-language and Spanish-language papers published between 1980 and 2015. The review explores gaps in the literature with a focus on the epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for the prevention of unintentional fatal drowning among people 50 years and over. RESULTS Thirty-eight papers were deemed relevant to the study design, including 18 (47%) on epidemiology, 19 (50%) on risk factors and 9 (24%) on strategies for prevention. Risk factors identified included male gender, ethnicity, rurality and increasing age. Prevention strategies commonly proposed were education and wearing life jackets. Gaps identified in the published literature include a lack of consistency around age groupings used for epidemiological studies; a lack of consensus on risk factors; a lack of total population, country-level analysis; and the need for older age-specific prevention strategies that have been implemented and their effectiveness evaluated. CONCLUSION This review identified drowning deaths among older people as a global issue. Further work is required to reduce drowning in this cohort. High-quality epidemiological studies identifying risk factors using standardised age groupings to allow for international comparisons are required, as are implementation and evaluation of older age-specific prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Peden
- Royal Life Saving Society - Australia, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard C Franklin
- Royal Life Saving Society - Australia, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- Royal Life Saving Society - Australia, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|