1
|
Morris BJ, Banerjee J. Comment on 'Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho', and 'Age-incidence and prevalence of HIV among intact and circumcised men: an analysis of PHIA surveys in Southern Africa'. J Biosoc Sci 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38766849 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932024000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Two articles by Garenne (2023a,b) argue that voluntary medical male circumcision does not reduce human immunodeficiency virus transmission in Africa. Here we point out key evidence and analytical flaws that call into question this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morris BJ, Klausner JD. Detrimental to public health: Royal Australasian College of Physicians' recent policy on infant circumcision. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03190-8. [PMID: 38615074 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, Building F13, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Medicine, Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schoo DP, Ward BK, Chow MR, Ayiotis AI, Fernández Brillet C, Boutros PJ, Lane KE, Lee CN, Morris BJ, Carey JP, Della Santina CC. Vestibular Implant Surgery. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1842-1846. [PMID: 37767871 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desi P Schoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Bryan K Ward
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Margaret R Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Labyrinth Devices, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Andrianna I Ayiotis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Celia Fernández Brillet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Peter J Boutros
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Kelly E Lane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Claudia N Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - John P Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Charles C Della Santina
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Labyrinth Devices, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Torigoe TH, Willcox DC, Shimabukuro M, Higa M, Gerschenson M, Andrukhiv A, Suzuki M, Morris BJ, Chen R, Gojanovich GS, Allsopp RC, Willcox BJ. Novel protective effect of the FOXO3 longevity genotype on mechanisms of cellular aging in Okinawans. NPJ Aging 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38459055 PMCID: PMC10923797 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The genetic association of FOXO3 genotypes with human longevity is well established, although the mechanism is not fully understood. We now report on the relationship of the FOXO3 longevity variant rs2802292 with telomere length, telomerase activity, FOXO3 expression, and inflammatory cytokine levels in men and women. In agreement with earlier work, the FOXO3 longevity variant conferred protection against telomere shortening of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from adults aged 55 years and older. This was accompanied by higher levels of telomerase activity in mononuclear cells for carriers of the longevity-associated FOXO3 G-allele of SNP rs2802292 (P = 0.015). FOXO3 mRNA expression increased slightly with age in both young (P = 0.02) and old (P = 0.08) G-allele carriers. Older female G-allele carriers displayed a modest decline in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with age (P = 0.07). In contrast, older male G-allele carriers displayed an age-dependent increase in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 with age (P = 0.04). Thus, FOXO3 may act through several different pro-longevity mechanisms, which may differ by age and sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H Torigoe
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - D Craig Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
- Diabetes and Life-Style Related Disease Center, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomishiro, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Moritake Higa
- Diabetes and Life-Style Related Disease Center, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomishiro, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Anastasia Andrukhiv
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Greg S Gojanovich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nakagawa K, Chen R, Ross GW, Donlon TA, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC, Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Masaki KH. FOXO3 longevity genotype attenuates the impact of hypertension on cerebral microinfarct risk. J Hypertens 2024; 42:484-489. [PMID: 38009316 PMCID: PMC10873049 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The G -allele of FOXO3 SNP rs2802292 , which is associated with human resilience and longevity, has been shown to attenuate the impact of hypertension on the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We sought to determine whether the FOXO3 G -allele similarly attenuates the impact of hypertension on the risk of cerebral microinfarcts (CMI). METHODS From a prospective population-based cohort of American men of Japanese ancestry from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program (KHHP) and Kuakini Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (KHAAS) that had brain autopsy data, age-adjusted prevalence of any CMI on brain autopsy was assessed. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age at death, cardiovascular risk factors, FOXO3 and APOE-ε4 genotypes, were utilized to determine the predictors of any CMI. Interaction of FOXO3 genotype and hypertension was analyzed. RESULTS Among 809 men with complete data, 511 (63.2%) participants had evidence of CMI. A full multivariable model demonstrated that BMI [odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.14, P = 0.015) was the only predictor of CMI, while hypertension was a borderline predictor (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.00-2.08, P = 0.052). However, a significant interaction between FOXO3 G -allele carriage and hypertension was observed ( P = 0.020). In the stratified analyses, among the participants without the longevity-associated FOXO3 G -allele, hypertension was a strong predictor of CMI (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.34-3.77, P = 0.002), while among those with the longevity-associated FOXO3 G -allele, hypertension was not a predictor of CMI (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.51-1.54, P = 0.66). CONCLUSION The longevity-associated FOXO3 G -allele mitigates the impact of hypertension on the risk of CMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Nakagawa
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Neuroscience Institute, The Queen's Medical Center
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii
| | - Randi Chen
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
| | - G Webster Ross
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Healthcare Systems
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - D Craig Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Brian J Morris
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Visocky V, Morris BJ, Dunlop J, Brandon N, Sakata S, Pratt JA. Site-specific inhibition of the thalamic reticular nucleus induces distinct modulations in sleep architecture. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:554-569. [PMID: 36623837 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is crucial for the modulation of sleep-related oscillations. The caudal and rostral subpopulations of the TRN exert diverse activities, which arise from their interconnectivity with all thalamic nuclei, as well as other brain regions. Despite the recent characterization of the functional and genetic heterogeneity of the TRN, the implications of this heterogeneity for sleep regulation have not been assessed. Here, using a combination of optogenetics and electrophysiology in C57BL/6 mice, we demonstrate that caudal and rostral TRN modulations are associated with changes in cortical alpha and delta oscillations and have distinct effects on sleep stability. Tonic silencing of the rostral TRN elongates sleep episodes, while tonic silencing of the caudal TRN fragments sleep. Overall, we show evidence of distinct roles exerted by the rostral and caudal TRN in sleep regulation and oscillatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Visocky
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Shuzo Sakata
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moreton S, Cox G, Sheldon M, Bailis SA, Klausner JD, Morris BJ. Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association's guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:244-262. [PMID: 38178933 PMCID: PMC10762604 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The British Medical Association (BMA) guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision (NTMC) of male children is limited to ethical, legal and religious issues. Here we evaluate criticisms of the BMA's guidance by Lempert et al. While their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing, their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong benefits. Extensive literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies, as well as risk-benefit analyses, have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks, and there is no reduction in sexual function and pleasure. The BMA's failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United Kingdom. The consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections, adverse medical conditions, suffering and net costs to the UK's National Health Service for treatment of these. Many of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA's guidance not being sufficiently evidence-based. Indeed, that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding NTMC. While societal factors apply, ultimately, NTMC can only be justified rationally on scientific, evidence-based grounds. Parents are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed decision. Their decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy Cox
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and School of Aeronautical, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Sheldon
- Medical Humanities and Bioethics Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60661, United States
| | - Stefan A Bailis
- Cornerstone Therapy & Recovery Center, St. Paul, MN 55101, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Medicine, Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morris BJ, Donlon TA. Genes That Extend Lifespan May Do So by Mitigating the Increased Risk of Death Posed by Having Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:631-640. [PMID: 37561089 PMCID: PMC10647014 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors influence lifespan. In humans, there appears to be a particularly strong genetic effect in those aged ≥ 90 years. An important contribution is nutrient sensing genes which confer cell resilience. METHODS Our research has been investigating the genetic factors by longitudinal studies of American men of Japanese descent living on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. This cohort began as the Honolulu Heart Program in the mid-1960s and most subjects are now deceased. RESULTS We previously discovered various genes containing polymorphisms associated with longevity. In recent investigations of the mechanism involved we found that the longevity genotypes ameliorated the risk of mortality posed by having a cardiometabolic disease (CMD)-most prominently hypertension. For the gene FOXO3 the protective alleles mitigated the risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. For the kinase MAP3K5 it was hypertension, CHD and diabetes, for the kinase receptor PIK3R1 hypertension, CHD and stroke, and for the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 gene (FLT1), it was nullifying the higher mortality risk posed by hypertension. Subjects with a CMD who had a longevity genotype had similar survival as men without CMD. No variant protected against risk of death from cancer. We have postulated that the longevity-associated genotypes reduced mortality risk by effects on intracellular resilience mechanisms. In a proteomics study, 43 "stress" proteins and associated biological pathways were found to influence the association of FOXO3 genotype with reduced mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our landmark findings indicate how heritable genetic components affect longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Department of Research, NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Donlon TA, Morris BJ, Chen R, Lim E, Morgen EK, Fortney K, Shah N, Masaki KH, Willcox BJ. Proteomic basis of mortality resilience mediated by FOXO3 longevity genotype. GeroScience 2023; 45:2303-2324. [PMID: 36881352 PMCID: PMC10651822 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXO3 is a ubiquitous transcription factor expressed in response to cellular stress caused by nutrient deprivation, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, radiation, hypoxia, and other factors. We showed previously that the association of inherited FOXO3 variants with longevity was the result of partial protection against mortality risk posed by aging-related life-long stressors, particularly cardiometabolic disease. We then referred to the longevity-associated genotypes as conferring "mortality resilience." Serum proteins whose levels change with aging and are associated with mortality risk may be considered as "stress proteins." They may serve as indirect measures of life-long stress. Our aims were to (1) identify stress proteins that increase with aging and are associated with an increased risk of mortality, and (2) to determine if FOXO3 longevity/resilience genotype dampens the expected increase in mortality risk they pose. A total of 4500 serum protein aptamers were quantified using the Somalogic SomaScan proteomics platform in the current study of 975 men aged 71-83 years. Stress proteins associated with mortality were identified. We then used age-adjusted multivariable Cox models to investigate the interaction of stress protein with FOXO3 longevity-associated rs12212067 genotypes. For all the analyses, the p values were corrected for multiple comparisons by false discovery rate. This led to the identification of 44 stress proteins influencing the association of FOXO3 genotype with reduced mortality. Biological pathways were identified for these proteins. Our results suggest that the FOXO3 resilience genotype functions by reducing mortality in pathways related to innate immunity, bone morphogenetic protein signaling, leukocyte migration, and growth factor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Research, NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817, USA.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Randi Chen
- Department of Research, NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817, USA
| | - Eunjung Lim
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Eric K Morgen
- BioAge Labs Inc., 1445A S 50th St, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Kristen Fortney
- BioAge Labs Inc., 1445A S 50th St, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Naisha Shah
- BioAge Labs Inc., 1445A S 50th St, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Department of Research, NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Research, NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Openshaw RL, Thomson DM, Bristow GC, Mitchell EJ, Pratt JA, Morris BJ, Dawson N. 16p11.2 deletion mice exhibit compromised fronto-temporal connectivity, GABAergic dysfunction, and enhanced attentional ability. Commun Biol 2023; 6:557. [PMID: 37225770 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders are more common in males, and have a substantial genetic component. Chromosomal 16p11.2 deletions in particular carry strong genetic risk for autism, yet their neurobiological impact is poorly characterised, particularly at the integrated systems level. Here we show that mice reproducing this deletion (16p11.2 DEL mice) have reduced GABAergic interneuron gene expression (decreased parvalbumin mRNA in orbitofrontal cortex, and male-specific decreases in Gad67 mRNA in parietal and insular cortex and medial septum). Metabolic activity was increased in medial septum, and in its efferent targets: mammillary body and (males only) subiculum. Functional connectivity was altered between orbitofrontal, insular and auditory cortex, and between septum and hippocampus/subiculum. Consistent with this circuit dysfunction, 16p11.2 DEL mice showed reduced prepulse inhibition, but enhanced performance in the continuous performance test of attentional ability. Level 1 autistic individuals show similarly heightened performance in the equivalent human test, also associated with parietal, insular-orbitofrontal and septo-subicular dysfunction. The data implicate cortical and septal GABAergic dysfunction, and resulting connectivity changes, as the cause of pre-attentional and attentional changes in autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Openshaw
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - David M Thomson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Greg C Bristow
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Emma J Mitchell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Neil Dawson
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morris BJ, Chen R, Donlon TA, Kallianpur KJ, Masaki KH, Willcox BJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 gene ( FLT1) longevity variant increases lifespan by reducing mortality risk posed by hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204722. [PMID: 37178326 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Longevity is written into the genes. While many so-called "longevity genes" have been identified, the reason why particular genetic variants are associated with longer lifespan has proven to be elusive. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the strongest of 3 adjacent longevity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms - rs3794396 - of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 gene, FLT1, may confer greater lifespan by protecting against mortality risk from one or more adverse medical conditions of aging - namely, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes. In a prospective population-based longitudinal study we followed 3,471 American men of Japanese ancestry living on Oahu, Hawaii, from 1965 until death or to the end of December 2019 by which time 99% had died. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of FLT1 genotype with longevity for 4 genetic models and the medical conditions. We found that, in major allele recessive and heterozygote disadvantage models, genotype GG ameliorated the risk of mortality posed by hypertension, but not that posed by having CHD, stroke or diabetes. Normotensive subjects lived longest and there was no significant effect of FLT1 genotype on their lifespan. In conclusion, the longevity-associated genotype of FLT1 may confer increased lifespan by protecting against mortality risk posed by hypertension. We suggest that FLT1 expression in individuals with longevity genotype boosts vascular endothelial resilience mechanisms to counteract hypertension-related stress in vital organs and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Randi Chen
- NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kalpana J Kallianpur
- NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- NIH Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Clinical and Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morris BJ, Moreton S, Krieger JN, Klausner JD, Cox G. Re: The medical evidence on non-therapeutic circumcision of infants and boys-setting the record straight. Int J Impot Res 2023; 35:264-266. [PMID: 35790855 PMCID: PMC10159844 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - John N Krieger
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98194, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Medicine, Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Guy Cox
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mawson ER, Morris BJ. A consideration of the increased risk of schizophrenia due to prenatal maternal stress, and the possible role of microglia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110773. [PMID: 37116354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is caused by interaction of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Of the latter, prenatal exposure to maternal stress is reportedly associated with elevated disease risk. The main orchestrators of inflammatory processes within the brain are microglia, and aberrant microglial activation/function has been proposed to contribute to the aetiology of schizophrenia. Here, we evaluate the epidemiological and preclinical evidence connecting prenatal stress to schizophrenia risk, and consider the possible mediating role of microglia in the prenatal stress-schizophrenia relationship. Epidemiological findings are rather consistent in supporting the association, albeit they are mitigated by effects of sex and gestational timing, while the evidence for microglial activation is more variable. Rodent models of prenatal stress generally report lasting effects on offspring neurobiology. However, many uncertainties remain as to the mechanisms underlying the influence of maternal stress on the developing foetal brain. Future studies should aim to characterise the exact processes mediating this aspect of schizophrenia risk, as well as focussing on how prenatal stress may interact with other risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R Mawson
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen R, Morris BJ, Donlon TA, Ross GW, Kallianpur KJ, Allsopp RC, Nakagawa K, Willcox BJ, Masaki KH. Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease in Men with Late-Life Hypertension Is Ameliorated by FOXO3 Longevity Genotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:79-91. [PMID: 37483002 PMCID: PMC10578238 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that mid-life hypertension increases risk of dementia, whereas the association of late-life hypertension with dementia is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether FOXO3 longevity-associated genotype influences the association between late-life hypertension and incident dementia. METHODS Subjects were 2,688 American men of Japanese ancestry (baseline age: 77.0±4.1 years, range 71-93 years) from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. Status was known for FOXO3 rs2802292 genotype, hypertension, and diagnosis of incident dementia to 2012. Association of FOXO3 genotype with late-life hypertension and incident dementia, vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During 21 years of follow-up, 725 men were diagnosed with all-cause dementia, 513 with AD, and 104 with VaD. A multivariable Cox model, adjusting for age, education, APOEɛ4, and cardiovascular risk factors, showed late-life hypertension increased VaD risk only (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.08-2.71, p = 0.022). We found no significant protective effect of FOXO3 longevity genotype on any type of dementia at the population level. However, in a full Cox model adjusting for age, education, APOEɛ4, and other cardiovascular risk factors, there was a significant interaction effect of late-life hypertension and FOXO3 longevity genotype on incident AD (β= -0.52, p = 0.0061). In men with FOXO3 rs2802292 longevity genotype (TG/GG), late-life hypertension showed protection against AD (HR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.55-0.95, p = 0.021). The non-longevity genotype (TT) (HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.90-1.51, p = 0.25) had no protective effect. CONCLUSION This longitudinal study found late-life hypertension was associated with lower incident AD in subjects with FOXO3 genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randi Chen
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Brian J. Morris
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Timothy A. Donlon
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - G. Webster Ross
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care Systems, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kalpana J. Kallianpur
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kazuma Nakagawa
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kamal H. Masaki
- NIH Center of Biomedical Reseach Excellence on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cox G, Morris BJ. Letter to editor regarding: Referrals from primary care with foreskin symptoms: Is there really room for improvement? J Pediatr Surg 2022; 58:1018. [PMID: 36658076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cox
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and School of Aeronatautical, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering.
| | - Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen R, Morris BJ, Donlon TA, Ross GW, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Nakagawa K, Masaki KH. FOXO3
longevity genotype protects elderly men with late‐life hypertension from Alzheimer’s disease – Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.059903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center Honolulu HI USA
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center Honolulu HI USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center Honolulu HI USA
- Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA Honolulu HI USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA
| | - G Webster Ross
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care Systems Honolulu HI USA
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute Honolulu HI USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center Honolulu HI USA
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA
| | - Kazuma Nakagawa
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center Honolulu HI USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The Queen’s Medical Center Honolulu HI USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center Honolulu HI USA
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu HI USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nakagawa K, Chen R, Greenberg SM, Ross GW, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC, Morris BJ, Masaki KH. Forkhead box O3 longevity genotype may attenuate the impact of hypertension on risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2230-2235. [PMID: 35943066 PMCID: PMC9553272 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the G allele of forkhead box O3 ( FOXO3 ) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2802292 is associated with resilience and longevity, ostensibly by mitigating the adverse effects of chronic cardiometabolic stress on mortality, our aim was to determine the association between the FOXO3 SNP rs2802292 genotype and risk of hypertension-mediated intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). METHODS From a prospective population-based cohort of Japanese American men from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program (KHHP), age-adjusted prevalence of ICH by hypertension was assessed for the whole cohort after stratifying by FOXO3 genotype. Cox regression models, adjusted for age, cardiovascular risk factors and, FOXO3 and APOE genotypes, were utilized to determine relative risk of hypertension's effect on ICH. All models were created for the whole cohort and stratified by FOXO3 G -allele carriage vs. TT genotype. RESULTS Among 6469 men free of baseline stroke, FOXO3 G -allele carriage was seen in 3009 (46.5%) participants. Overall, 183 participants developed ICH over the 34-year follow-up period. Age-adjusted ICH incidence was 0.90 vs. 1.32 per 1000 person-years follow-up in those without and with hypertension, respectively ( P = 0.002). After stratifying by FOXO3 genotype, this association was no longer significant in G allele carriers. In the whole cohort, hypertension was an independent predictor of ICH (relative risk [RR] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25, 2.32; P = 0.0007). In stratified analyses, hypertension remained an independent predictor of ICH among the FOXO3 TT -genotype group (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.33, 3.07; P = 0.001), but not in FOXO3 G -allele carriers (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.88, 2.19; P = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS The longevity-associated FOXO3 G allele may attenuate the impact of hypertension on ICH risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Nakagawa
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Neuroscience Institute, The Queen's Medical Center
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
| | - Steven M. Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - G. Webster Ross
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Healthcare Systems
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | - Timothy A. Donlon
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - D. Craig Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Brian J. Morris
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal H. Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morris BJ, Moreton S, Krieger JN, Klausner JD. Infant Circumcision for Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Reduction Globally. Glob Health Sci Pract 2022; 10:GHSP-D-21-00811. [PMID: 36041835 PMCID: PMC9426975 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Population-based studies in high-income countries have failed to find that male circumcision protects against sexually transmitted infections. Using evidence from several sources, we show that male circumcision does protect against HIV during insertive intercourse for men who have sex with men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - John N Krieger
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Medicine, Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Donlon TA, Morris BJ, Masaki KH, Chen R, Davy PMC, Kallianpur KJ, Nakagawa K, Owens JB, Willcox DC, Allsopp RC, Willcox BJ. FOXO3, a Resilience Gene: Impact on Lifespan, Healthspan, and Deathspan. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1479-1484. [PMID: 35960854 PMCID: PMC9373965 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Donlon
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brian J Morris
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Randi Chen
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Phillip M C Davy
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kalpana J Kallianpur
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kazuma Nakagawa
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jesse B Owens
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - D Craig Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging and Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
di Vico G, Simonetta R, Correra G, Corona K, Proietti L, Morris BJ, Cerciello S. Popliteomeniscal fascicles tears with lateral meniscus instability: outcomes of arthroscopic surgical technique at mid-term follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 143:2573-2579. [PMID: 35927338 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The popliteomeniscal fascicles (PMFs) are a crucial part of the posterolateral corner of the knee. They provide stability to the lateral meniscus and stabilize the joint during tibial internal rotation. The clinical diagnosis of a torn PMFs is difficult, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be inconclusive as well. The aim of the present study was to report the outcomes of a continuous series of patients affected by PMF lesions and treated with an arthroscopic repair. METHODS Seventeen patients (average age of 22 ± 3.6 years) with PMF lesions and lateral meniscus instability were prospectively enrolled. All patients were evaluated with clinical examination, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm and Tegner scores and 1.5 T MRI. All patients had the same arthroscopic procedure consisting of meniscal repair with an all-inside meniscal repair system (mean 2.2 ± 0.77 anchors) and followed with the same postoperative protocol. RESULTS All patients were available at a mean follow-up of 68 ± 24 months (range 49-84 months). Mean IKDC increased from 60.2 ± 13.5 to 83.1 ± 12, mean Lysholm score improved from 56.7 ± 8.2 to 89.8 ± 3.2, and mean Tegner score improved from 2.9 ± 1.3 to 6.5 ± 2. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported. MRI evaluation at 6-month follow-up showed successful healing of the menisco-popliteal fascicles in all cases. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis and treatment of tears of the PMFs is still debated. Diagnostic confirmation of tearing of the PMFs is usually determined at the time of arthroscopy. Meniscal repair with an all-inside meniscal repair system appears to be an excellent treatment option, since it yields good functional results at mid-term follow-up, no local complications, and complete radiographic healing at 6-month follow-up MRI. Further studies are needed to confirm these promising early results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case series, 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G di Vico
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Clinica San Michele, Caserta, Maddaloni, Italy
| | - R Simonetta
- Cure Ortopediche Traumatologiche Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Correra
- Ospedale Cardarelli Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - K Corona
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | | | - B J Morris
- Baptist Health Medical Group Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Lexington, USA
| | - S Cerciello
- Casa Di Cura Villa Betania, Rome, Italy.,Marrelli Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morris BJ, Moreton S, Bailis SA, Cox G, Krieger JN. Critical evaluation of contrasting evidence on whether male circumcision has adverse psychological effects: A systematic review. J Evid Based Med 2022; 15:123-135. [PMID: 35785439 PMCID: PMC9540570 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct the first systematic review critically examining evidence on whether early male circumcision has short- and long-term adverse psychological effects. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Twenty-four studies with original data met the inclusion criteria. These comprised 11,173 total males, 4340 circumcised in infancy and 6908 uncircumcised. Nineteen were rated 1+, 2++ or 2+, and 5 were rated 2- by SIGN criteria. Neonatal circumcision, particularly without anesthetic, increased vaccination pain response, but had little effect on breastfeeding or cognitive ability. Studies reporting associations with sudden infant death syndrome, autism, alexithymia and impaired sexual function and pleasure had design flaws and were rated 2-. Sexual arousal, touch, pain, and warmth thresholds measured by quantitative sensory testing were not diminished in neonatally circumcised men. Neonatal circumcision was not associated with empathy in men, contradicting the hypothesis that procedural pain causes central nervous system changes. After correcting all associations with socioaffective processing parameters for multiple testing only higher sociosexual desire, dyadic sexual libido/drive, and stress remained significant. The relatively greater sexual activity found in circumcised men might reflect reduced sexual activity in uncircumcised men overall owing to pain and psychological aversion in those with foreskin-related medical conditions (reverse causality). Most studies employed case-control designs with limited follow-up. Studies beyond childhood were prone to confounding. CONCLUSION The highest quality evidence suggest that neonatal and later circumcision has limited or no short-term or long-term adverse psychological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Morris
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | | | - Guy Cox
- School of AerospaceMechanical & Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and MicroanalysisUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - John N. Krieger
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
McIntyre RL, Liu YJ, Hu M, Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA, Houtkooper RH, Janssens GE. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical activation of FOXO3 for healthy longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101621. [PMID: 35421606 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased substantially over the last 150 years. Yet this means that now most people also spend a greater length of time suffering from various age-associated diseases. As such, delaying age-related functional decline and extending healthspan, the period of active older years free from disease and disability, is an overarching objective of current aging research. Geroprotectors, compounds that target pathways that causally influence aging, are increasingly recognized as a means to extend healthspan in the aging population. Meanwhile, FOXO3 has emerged as a geroprotective gene intricately involved in aging and healthspan. FOXO3 genetic variants are linked to human longevity, reduced disease risks, and even self-reported health. Therefore, identification of FOXO3-activating compounds represents one of the most direct candidate approaches to extending healthspan in aging humans. In this work, we review compounds that activate FOXO3, or influence healthspan or lifespan in a FOXO3-dependent manner. These compounds can be classified as pharmaceuticals, including PI3K/AKT inhibitors and AMPK activators, antidepressants and antipsychotics, muscle relaxants, and HDAC inhibitors, or as nutraceuticals, including primary metabolites involved in cell growth and sustenance, and secondary metabolites including extracts, polyphenols, terpenoids, and other purified natural compounds. The compounds documented here provide a basis and resource for further research and development, with the ultimate goal of promoting healthy longevity in humans.
Collapse
|
23
|
Morris BJ, Katelaris A, Blumenthal NJ, Hajoona M, Sheen AC, Schrieber L, Lumbers ER, Wodak AD, Katelaris P. Evidence-based circumcision policy for Australia. J Mens Health 2022; 18:132. [PMID: 36034719 PMCID: PMC9409339 DOI: 10.31083/j.jomh1806132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was (1) to perform an up-to-date systematic review of the male circumcision (MC) literature and (2) to determine the number of adverse medical conditions prevented by early MC in Australia. Searches of PubMed using "circumcision" with 39 keywords and bibliography searches yielded 278 publications meeting our inclusion criteria. Early MC provides immediate and lifetime benefits, including protection against: urinary tract infections, phimosis, inflammatory skin conditions, inferior penile hygiene, candidiasis, various STIs, and penile and prostate cancer. In female partners MC reduces risk of STIs and cervical cancer. A risk-benefit analysis found benefits exceeded procedural risks, which are predominantly minor, by approximately 200 to 1. It was estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime. An increase in early MC in Australia to mid-1950s prevalence of 85% from the current level of 18.75% would avoid 77,000 cases of infections and other adverse medical conditions over the lifetime for each annual birth cohort. Survey data, physiological measurements, and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation indicate that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function, sensitivity or pleasure. US studies found that early infant MC is cost saving. Evidence-based reviews by the AAP and CDC support early MC as a desirable public health measure. Although MC can be performed at any age, early MC maximizes benefits and minimises procedural risks. Parents should routinely be provided with accurate, up-to-date evidence-based information in an unbiased manner early in a pregnancy so that they have time to weigh benefits and risks of early MC and make an informed decision should they have a son. Parental choice should be respected. A well-trained competent practitioner is essential and local anaesthesia should be routinely used. Third party coverage of costs is advocated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Athos Katelaris
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Norman J. Blumenthal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SAN Clinic, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia
| | - Mohamed Hajoona
- Victoria Circumcision Clinic, The Regent Medical Group, Preston, VIC 3072, Australia
| | | | - Leslie Schrieber
- Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Eugenie R. Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights; Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Alex D. Wodak
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Australian Tobacco Harm Reduction Association and Australia21, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Phillip Katelaris
- Katelaris Urology, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cox G, Morris BJ. Re: Sensory innervation of the human male prepuce-Meissner's corpuscles predominate. J Anat 2022; 240:1002-1003. [PMID: 34914107 PMCID: PMC9005673 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Density of Meissner's corpuscles in the prepuce as a function of age in patients circumcised for phimosis and redundant prepuce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cox
- School of Medical Sciences and Australian Centre for Microscopy & MicroanalysisUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brian J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences and Australian Centre for Microscopy & MicroanalysisUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Openshaw RL, Pratt JA, Morris BJ. The schizophrenia risk gene Map2k7 regulates responding in a novel contingency-shifting rodent touchscreen gambling task. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274684. [PMID: 35275161 PMCID: PMC8922023 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In schizophrenia, subjects show reduced ability to evaluate and update risk/reward contingencies, showing correspondingly suboptimal performance in the Iowa gambling task. JNK signalling gene variants are associated with schizophrenia risk, and JNK modulates aspects of cognition. We therefore studied the performance of mice hemizygous for genetic deletion of the JNK activator MKK7 (Map2k7+/- mice) in a touchscreen version of the Iowa gambling task, additionally incorporating a novel contingency-switching stage. Map2k7+/- mice performed slightly better than wild-type (WT) littermates in acquisition and performance of the task. Although Map2k7+/- mice adapted well to subtle changes in risk/reward contingencies, they were profoundly impaired when the positions of 'best' and 'worst' choice selections were switched, and still avoided the previous 'worst' choice location weeks after the switch. This demonstrates a precise role for MKK7-JNK signalling in flexibility of risk/reward assessment and suggests that genetic variants affecting this molecular pathway may underlie impairment in this cognitive domain in schizophrenia. Importantly, this new contingency shift adaptation of the rodent touchscreen gambling task has translational utility for characterising these cognitive subprocesses in models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Openshaw
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kwon J, Suessmilch M, McColl A, Cavanagh J, Morris BJ. Distinct trans-placental effects of maternal immune activation by TLR3 and TLR7 agonists: implications for schizophrenia risk. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23841. [PMID: 34903784 PMCID: PMC8668921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to infection in utero predisposes towards psychiatric diseases such as autism, depression and schizophrenia in later life. The mechanisms involved are typically studied by administering mimetics of double-stranded (ds) virus or bacterial infection to pregnant rats or mice. The effect of single-stranded (ss) virus mimetics has been largely ignored, despite evidence linking prenatal ss virus exposure with psychiatric disease. Understanding the effects of gestational ss virus exposure has become even more important with recent events. In this study, in pregnant mice, we compare directly the effects, on the maternal blood, placenta and the embryonic brain, of maternal administration of ds-virus mimetic poly I:C (to activate Toll-like receptor 3, TLR3) and ss-virus mimetic resiquimod (to activate TLR7/8). We find that, 4 h after the administration, both poly I:C and resiquimod elevated the levels of IL-6, TNFα, and chemokines including CCL2 and CCL5, in maternal plasma. Both agents also increased placental mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-10, but only resiquimod increased placental TNFα mRNA. In foetal brain, poly I:C produced no detectable immune-response-related increases, whereas pronounced increases in cytokine (e.g. Il-6, Tnfα) and chemokine (e.g. Ccl2, Ccl5) expression were observed with maternal resiquimod administration. The data show substantial differences between the effect of maternal exposure to a TLR7/8 activator as compared to a TLR3 activator. There are significant implications for future modelling of diseases where maternal ss virus exposure contributes to environmental disease risk in offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaedeok Kwon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Suessmilch
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison McColl
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morris BJ, Wodak AD. Causes and consequences of the decline in circumcision in Australia. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:2546-2547. [PMID: 34766683 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex D Wodak
- Alcohol and Drug Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Tobacco Harm Reduction Association, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Australia21, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aside from regulating circadian rhythms, melatonin also affects cognitive processes, such as alertness, and modulates the brain circuitry underlying psychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, via mechanisms that are not fully clear. In particular, while melatonin MT1 receptors are thought primarily to mediate the circadian effects of the hormone, the contribution of the MT2 receptor to melatonin actions remains enigmatic. AIMS To characterise the contribution of MT2 receptors to melatonin's effects on cognition and anxiety/sociability. METHODS Mice with a genetic deletion of the MT2 receptor, encoded by the Mtnr1b gene, were compared with wild-type littermates for performance in a translational touchscreen version of the continuous performance task (CPT) to assess attentional processes and then monitored over 3 days in an ethological home-cage surveillance system. RESULTS Mtnr1b knockout (KO) mice were able to perform at relatively normal levels in the CPT. However, they showed consistent evidence of more liberal/risky responding strategies relative to control mice, with increases in hit rates and false alarm rates, which were maintained even when the cognitive demands of the task were increased. Assessment in the home-cage monitoring system revealed that female Mtnr1b KO mice have increased anxiety levels, whereas male Mtnr1b KO mice show increased sociability. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that the MT2 receptor plays a role in cognition and also modulates anxiety and social interactions. These data provide new insights into the functions of endogenous melatonin and will inform future drug development strategies focussed on the MT2 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Thomson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma J Mitchell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rebecca L Openshaw
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Brian J Morris, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Morris BJ. Abstract P176: Genes That Increase Human Lifespan By Protecting Against Risk Of Death From Cardiometabolic Diseases. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.p176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Further to our
FOXO3
findings last year, we asked whether other longevity gene variants work by mitigating mortality risk from aging-related diseases. In a longitudinal study, 3,584 American men of Japanese ancestry from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program were followed from baseline (Exam 4, 1991-93) until Dec 31, 2019 (1% of men) or death (99%). At baseline, 2,512 subjects had either diabetes (n=1,010), hypertension (n=1,919) or coronary heart disease (CHD; n=738), and 1,072 lacked any cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). DNA samples for genotyping were obtained at baseline. Genotype frequencies of SNPs in
MAP3K5
,
PIK3R1
,
GHR, CTGF
,
EGFR
,
FLT1
,
SIRT5
and
SIRT7
were compared between subjects with and without ageing-related diseases
.
In subjects with CMD,
MAP3K5
rs2076260
longevity-associated genotypes
CC
and
CC
+
TT
were associated with longer lifespan (covariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.23 [95% CI: 1.12-1.35,
p=
2.5x10
-5
] in a major allele homozygote model, and 1.22 [95% CI: 1.11-1.33,
p=
1.10x10
-5
] in a heterozygote disadvantage model) compared with
CT
. For diabetes, hypertension and CHD, HR
p
-values were 0.019, 0.00048, 0.093, and 0.0024, 0.00040, 0.0014, in each respective genetic model. For
PIK3R1
, subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) having the longevity-associated genotypes
TT
/
CC
of SNP
rs7709243
had survival curves similar to those of subjects without a CVD (HR 1.26 [95% CI, 1.14-1.39;
p
=0.0000043]). In contrast, survival curves of subjects with the
CT
genotype were significantly lower compared with survival curves of subjects without a CVD (
p
=0.0000012 compared with
TT
/
CC
, and
p
=0.0000028 compared with
CT
). For
GHR
SNP
rs4130113
, in a heterozygote disadvantage model
GG
vs longevity-associated
AG
genotype was associated with reduced mortality risk from hypertension (HR 1.23 [95% CI, 0.94-1.41;
p
=0.0041]). Men without CVD showed no association of longevity-associated genotype with lifespan. For each gene, men without the disease outlived men with disease (
p
< 10
-6
), but genotype had no effect on lifespan. In conclusion, for
MAP3K5
,
PIK3R1
and
GHR
, but not other longevity genes, longevity genotype increases lifespan only in individuals who have CMD, CVD or hypertension, likely by protection against disease-related cellular stress.
Collapse
|
30
|
Morris BJ, Matthews JG, Pabalan N, Moreton S, Krieger JN. Male circumcision and prostate cancer: a meta-analysis revisited. Can J Urol 2021; 28:10768-10776. [PMID: 34378513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION The relationship between circumcision and prostate cancer has been controversial. A recently published meta-analysis contradicted previous meta-analyses of male circumcision and prostate cancer risk. Our aim was to conduct a de novo meta-analysis and critically evaluate this recent paper published by Van Howe. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved data from each of the 12 source studies Van Howe used, then performed a random effects meta-analysis of those data. We critically examined the data and other information in Van Howe's study. RESULTS Using the same values as Van Howe, we confirmed his finding of a positive association of circumcision with prostate cancer (random effects summary OR = 1.14; 95% CI 0.99, 1.31). However, our independent meta-analysis found a negative association of circumcision with prostate cancer (random effects summary OR= 0.87; 95% CI 0.76, 1.00; p = 0.05). The reason for this critical discrepancy was Van Howe's erroneous transposition of values for circumcised and uncircumcised men in his Table columns, leading to inversion of the result. We further critically evaluated a geographical analysis and cost analysis of circumcision and prostate cancer, as well as claims denying a role for sexually transmitted infections in prostate cancer etiology, finding these too to be misleading. CONCLUSIONS Van Howe's 2020 meta-analysis was based on erroneous data transposition leading to an inverted outcome. The journal concerned recently corrected his Table. Van Howe's claim of a positive association of circumcision with country-level-age standardized prostate cancer prevalence and his cost analysis were found to be questionable. Our meta-analysis showed that circumcision is associated with lower prostate cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kwon J, Arsenis C, Suessmilch M, McColl A, Cavanagh J, Morris BJ. Differential Effects of Toll-Like Receptor Activation and Differential Mediation by MAP Kinases of Immune Responses in Microglial Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2655-2671. [PMID: 34297254 PMCID: PMC9560989 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation is believed to play a role in many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Based largely on evidence from other cell types, it is widely thought that MAP kinase (ERK, JNK and p38) signalling pathways contribute strongly to microglial activation following immune stimuli acting on toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 or TLR4. We report here that exposure of SimA9 mouse microglial cell line to immune mimetics stimulating TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide-LPS) or TLR7/8 (resiquimod/R848), results in marked MAP kinase activation, followed by induction of nitric oxide synthase, and various cytokines/chemokines. However, in contrast to TLR4 or TLR7/8 stimulation, very few effects of TLR3 stimulation by poly-inosine/cytidine (polyI:C) were detected. Induction of chemokines/cytokines at the mRNA level by LPS and resiquimod were, in general, only marginally affected by MAP kinase inhibition, and expression of TNF, Ccl2 and Ccl5 mRNAs, along with nitrite production, were enhanced by p38 inhibition in a stimulus-specific manner. Selective JNK inhibition enhanced Ccl2 and Ccl5 release. Many distinct responses to stimulation of TLR4 and TLR7 were observed, with JNK mediating TNF protein induction by the latter but not the former, and suppressing Ccl5 release by the former but not the latter. These data reveal complex modulation by MAP kinases of microglial responses to immune challenge, including a dampening of some responses. They demonstrate that abnormal levels of JNK or p38 signalling in microglial cells will perturb their profile of cytokine and chemokine release, potentially contributing to abnormal inflammatory patterns in CNS disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaedeok Kwon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christos Arsenis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maria Suessmilch
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison McColl
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Donlon TA, Chen R, Masaki KH, Willcox BJ, Morris BJ. Association with Longevity of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1 Gene Variants Stems from Protection against Mortality Risk in Men with Cardiovascular Disease. Gerontology 2021; 68:162-170. [PMID: 34077942 DOI: 10.1159/000515390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic variation in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reregulatory subunit 1 gene (PIK3R1) is associated with longevity. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects this association. METHODS We performed a longitudinal study of longevity-associated PIK3R1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7709243 genotype by CVD status in 3,584 elderly American men of Japanese ancestry. RESULTS At baseline (1991-1993), 2,254 subjects had CVD and 1,314 did not. The follow-up until Dec 31, 2019 found that overall, men with a CVD had higher mortality than men without a CVD (p = 1.7 × 10-5). However, survival curves of CVD subjects differed according to PIK3R1 genotype. Those with longevity-associated PIK3R1 TT/CC had survival curves similar to those of subjects without a CVD (p = 0.11 for TT/CC, and p = 0.054 for TC), whereas survival curves for CVD subjects with the CT genotype were significantly attenuated compared with survival curves of subjects without a CVD (p = 0.0000012 compared with TT/CC, and p = 0.0000028 compared with TC). Men without CVD showed no association of longevity-associated genotype with life span (p = 0.58). Compared to subjects without any CVD, hazard ratios for mortality risk were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.39; p = 0.0000043) for CT subject with CVD and 1.07 (95% CI 0.99-1.17; p = 0.097) for CC/TT subjects with CVD. There was no genotypic effect on life span for 1,007 subjects with diabetes and 486 with cancer. CONCLUSION Our study provides novel insights into the basis for PIK3R1 as a longevity gene. We suggest that the PIK3R1 longevity genotype attenuates mortality risk in at-risk individuals by protection against cellular stress caused by CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Donlon TA, Chen R, Masaki KH, Willcox DC, Allsopp RC, Willcox BJ, Morris BJ. Association of growth hormone receptor gene variant with longevity in men is due to amelioration of increased mortality risk from hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14745-14767. [PMID: 34074802 PMCID: PMC8221335 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4130113 of the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) is associated with longevity. Here we explored whether longevity-associated genotypes protect against mortality in all individuals, or only in individuals with aging-related diseases. Rs4130113 genotypes were tested for association with mortality in 3,557 elderly American men of Japanese ancestry. At baseline (1991–1993), 1,000 had diabetes, 730 had coronary heart disease (CHD), 1,901 had hypertension, 485 had cancer, and 919 lacked these diseases. The men were followed from baseline until Dec 31, 2019 or death (mean 10.8 ± 6.5 SD years, range 0.01–28.8 years; 99.0% deceased by that date). In a heterozygote disadvantage model, longevity-associated genotypes were associated with significantly lower mortality risk in individuals having hypertension (covariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.83 [95% CI: 0.76–0.93, p = 4.3 x10–4]. But in individuals with diabetes, CHD, and cancer there was no genotypic difference in lifespan. As expected, normotensive men outlived men with hypertension (p = 0.036). There was no effect, however, of genotypic difference on lifespan in normotensive men (p = 0.11). We found that SNP rs4130113 potentially influenced the binding of transcription factors E2A, MYF, NRSF, TAL1, and TCF12 so as to alter GHR expression. We propose that in individuals with hypertension, longevity-associated genetic variation in GHR enhances cell resilience mechanisms to help protect against cellular stress caused by hypertension. As a result, hypertension-affected men who possess the longevity-associated genetic variant of GHR live as long as normotensive men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.,Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - D Craig Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa 901-2701, Japan
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bristow GC, Thomson DM, Openshaw RL, Mitchell EJ, Pratt JA, Dawson N, Morris BJ. 16p11 Duplication Disrupts Hippocampal-Orbitofrontal-Amygdala Connectivity, Revealing a Neural Circuit Endophenotype for Schizophrenia. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107536. [PMID: 32320645 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 16p11.2 duplications dramatically increase risk for schizophrenia, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that mice with an equivalent genetic mutation (16p11.2 duplication mice) exhibit impaired hippocampal-orbitofrontal and hippocampal-amygdala functional connectivity. Expression of schizophrenia-relevant GABAergic cell markers (parvalbumin and calbindin) is selectively decreased in orbitofrontal cortex, while somatostatin expression is decreased in lateral amygdala. When 16p11.2 duplication mice are tested in cognitive tasks dependent on hippocampal-orbitofrontal connectivity, performance is impaired in an 8-arm maze "N-back" working memory task and in a touchscreen continuous performance task. Consistent with hippocampal-amygdala dysconnectivity, deficits in ethologically relevant social behaviors are also observed. Overall, the cellular/molecular, brain network, and behavioral alterations markedly mirror those observed in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, the data suggest that 16p11.2 duplications selectively impact hippocampal-amygdaloid-orbitofrontal circuitry, supporting emerging ideas that dysfunction in this network is a core element of schizophrenia and defining a neural circuit endophenotype for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg C Bristow
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - David M Thomson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Rebecca L Openshaw
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Emma J Mitchell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Morris BJ, Chen R, Donlon TA, Masaki KH, Willcox DC, Allsopp RC, Willcox BJ. Lifespan extension conferred by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 ( MAP3K5) longevity-associated gene variation is confined to at-risk men with a cardiometabolic disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7953-7974. [PMID: 33739303 PMCID: PMC8034933 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants of the kinase signaling gene MAP3K5 are associated with longevity. Here we explore whether the longevity-association involves protection against mortality in all individuals, or only in individuals with aging-related diseases. We tested the strongest longevity associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2076260, for association with mortality in 3,516 elderly American men of Japanese ancestry. At baseline (1991-1993), 2,461 had either diabetes (n=990), coronary heart disease (CHD; n=724), or hypertension (n=1,877), and 1,055 lacked any of these cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). The men were followed from baseline until Dec 31, 2019. Longevity-associated genotype CC in a major allele homozygote model, and CC+TT in a heterozygote disadvantage model were associated with longer lifespan in individuals having a CMD (covariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.23 [95% CI: 1.12-1.35, p=2.5x10-5] in major allele homozygote model, and 1.22 [95% CI: 1.11-1.33, p=1.10x10-5] in heterozygote disadvantage model). For diabetes, hypertension and CHD, HR p-values were 0.019, 0.00048, 0.093, and 0.0024, 0.00040, 0.0014, in each respective genetic model. As expected, men without a CMD outlived men with a CMD (p=1.9x10-6). There was, however, no difference in lifespan by genotype in men without a CMD (p=0.21 and 0.86, respectively, in each genetic model). In conclusion, we propose that in individuals with a cardiometabolic disease, longevity-associated genetic variation in MAP3K5 enhances resilience mechanisms in cells and tissues to help protect against cardiometabolic stress caused by CMDs. As a result, men with CMD having longevity genotype live as long as all men without a CMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - D Craig Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chow MR, Ayiotis AI, Schoo DP, Gimmon Y, Lane KE, Morris BJ, Rahman MA, Valentin NS, Boutros PJ, Bowditch SP, Ward BK, Sun DQ, Treviño Guajardo C, Schubert MC, Carey JP, Della Santina CC. Posture, Gait, Quality of Life, and Hearing with a Vestibular Implant. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:521-532. [PMID: 33567192 PMCID: PMC8477665 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral vestibular hypofunction is associated with chronic disequilibrium, postural instability, and unsteady gait owing to failure of vestibular reflexes that stabilize the eyes, head, and body. A vestibular implant may be effective in alleviating symptoms. METHODS Persons who had had ototoxic (7 participants) or idiopathic (1 participant) bilateral vestibular hypofunction for 2 to 23 years underwent unilateral implantation of a prosthesis that electrically stimulates the three semicircular canal branches of the vestibular nerve. Clinical outcomes included the score on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency balance subtest (range, 0 to 36, with higher scores indicating better balance), time to failure on the modified Romberg test (range, 0 to 30 seconds), score on the Dynamic Gait Index (range, 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating better gait performance), time needed to complete the Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, pure-tone auditory detection thresholds, speech discrimination scores, and quality of life. We compared participants' results at baseline (before implantation) with those at 6 months (8 participants) and at 1 year (6 participants) with the device set in its usual treatment mode (varying stimulus pulse rate and amplitude to represent rotational head motion) and in a placebo mode (holding pulse rate and amplitude constant). RESULTS The median scores at baseline and at 6 months on the Bruininks-Oseretsky test were 17.5 and 21.0, respectively (median within-participant difference, 5.5 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0 to 10.0); the median times on the modified Romberg test were 3.6 seconds and 8.3 seconds (difference, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 27.6); the median scores on the Dynamic Gait Index were 12.5 and 22.5 (difference, 10.5 points; 95% CI, 1.5 to 12.0); the median times on the Timed Up and Go test were 11.0 seconds and 8.7 seconds (difference, 2.3; 95% CI, -1.7 to 5.0); and the median speeds on the gait-speed test were 1.03 m per second and 1.10 m per second (difference, 0.13; 95% CI, -0.25 to 0.30). Placebo-mode testing confirmed that improvements were due to treatment-mode stimulation. Among the 6 participants who were also assessed at 1 year, the median within-participant changes from baseline to 1 year were generally consistent with results at 6 months. Implantation caused ipsilateral hearing loss, with the air-conducted pure-tone average detection threshold at 6 months increasing by 3 to 16 dB in 5 participants and by 74 to 104 dB in 3 participants. Changes in participant-reported disability and quality of life paralleled changes in posture and gait. CONCLUSIONS Six months and 1 year after unilateral implantation of a vestibular prosthesis for bilateral vestibular hypofunction, measures of posture, gait, and quality of life were generally in the direction of improvement from baseline, but hearing was reduced in the ear with the implant in all but 1 participant. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02725463.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Chow
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Andrianna I Ayiotis
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Desi P Schoo
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Yoav Gimmon
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Kelly E Lane
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Brian J Morris
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Mehdi A Rahman
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Nicolas S Valentin
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Peter J Boutros
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Stephen P Bowditch
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Bryan K Ward
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Daniel Q Sun
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Carolina Treviño Guajardo
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Michael C Schubert
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - John P Carey
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| | - Charles C Della Santina
- From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (M.R.C., A.I.A., D.P.S., Y.G., K.E.L., B.J.M., P.J.B., S.P.B., B.K.W., D.Q.S., C.T.G., M.C.S., J.P.C., C.C.D.S.) and Biomedical Engineering (M.R.C., A.I.A., B.J.M., P.J.B., C.C.D.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Labyrinth Devices (M.A.R., N.S.V., C.C.D.S.) - both in Baltimore
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen R, Morris BJ, Donlon TA, Masaki KH, Willcox DC, Davy PMC, Allsopp RC, Willcox BJ. FOXO3 longevity genotype mitigates the increased mortality risk in men with a cardiometabolic disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23509-23524. [PMID: 33260156 PMCID: PMC7762472 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
FOXO3 is a prominent longevity gene. To date, no-one has examined whether longevity-associated FOXO3 genetic variants protect against mortality in all individuals, or only in those with aging-related diseases. We therefore tested longevity-associated FOXO3 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a haplotype block for association with mortality in 3,584 elderly American men of Japanese ancestry, 2,512 with and 1,072 without a cardiometabolic disease (CMD). At baseline (1991–1993), 1,010 CMD subjects had diabetes, 1,919 had hypertension, and 738 had coronary heart disease (CHD). Follow-up until Dec 31, 2019 found that in CMD-affected individuals, longevity-associated alleles of FOXO3 were associated with significantly longer lifespan: haplotype hazard ratio 0.81 (95% CI 0.72-0.91; diabetes 0.77, hypertension 0.82, CHD 0.83). Overall, men with a CMD had higher mortality than men without a CMD (P=6x10-7). However, those men with a CMD who had the FOXO3 longevity genotype had similar survival as men without a CMD. In men without a CMD there was no association of longevity-associated alleles of FOXO3 with lifespan. Our study provides novel insights into the basis for the long-established role of FOXO3 as a longevity gene. We suggest that the FOXO3 longevity genotype increases lifespan only in at-risk individuals by protection against cardiometabolic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.,Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - D Craig Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Philip M C Davy
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Morris BJ, Krieger JN. The Contrasting Evidence Concerning the Effect of Male Circumcision on Sexual Function, Sensation, and Pleasure: A Systematic Review. Sex Med 2020; 8:577-598. [PMID: 33008776 PMCID: PMC7691872 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Active debate concerns whether male circumcision (MC) affects sexual function, penile sensation, or sexual pleasure. AIM To perform a systematic review examining the effect of MC on these parameters. METHODS PRISMA-compliant searches of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were performed, with "circumcision" used together with appropriate search terms. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were rated for quality by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Evidence rated by quality. RESULTS Searches identified 46 publications containing original data, as well as 4 systematic reviews (2 with meta-analyses), plus 29 critiques of various studies and 15 author replies, which together comprised a total of 94 publications. There was overall consistency in conclusions arising from high- and moderate-quality survey data in randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, physiological studies, large longitudinal studies, and cohort studies in diverse populations. Those studies found MC has no or minimal adverse effect on sexual function, sensation, or pleasure, with some finding improvements. A consensus from physiological and histological studies was that the glans and underside of the shaft, not the foreskin, are involved in neurological pathways mediating erogenous sensation. In contrast to the higher quality evidence, data supporting adverse effects of MC on function, sensation, or pleasure were found to be of low quality, as explained in critiques of those studies. CONCLUSION The consensus of the highest quality literature is that MC has minimal or no adverse effect, and in some studies, it has benefits on sexual functions, sensation, satisfaction, and pleasure for males circumcised neonatally or in adulthood. Morris BJ, Krieger JN. The Contrasting Evidence Concerning the Effect of Male Circumcision on Sexual Function, Sensation, and Pleasure: A Systematic Review. Sex Med 2020;8:577-598.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - John N Krieger
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Thomson DM, Openshaw RL, Mitchell EJ, Kouskou M, Millan MJ, Mannoury la Cour C, Morris BJ, Pratt JA. Impaired working memory, cognitive flexibility and reward processing in mice genetically lacking Gpr88: Evidence for a key role for Gpr88 in multiple cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 20:e12710. [PMID: 33078498 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The GPR88 orphan G protein-coupled receptor is expressed throughout the striatum, being preferentially localised in medium spiny neurons. It is also present in lower densities in frontal cortex and thalamus. Rare mutations in humans suggest a role in cognition and motor function, while common variants are associated with psychosis. Here we evaluate the influence of genetic deletion of GPR88 upon performance in translational tasks interrogating motivation, reward evaluation and cognitive function. In an automated radial arm maze 'N-back' working memory task, Gpr88 KO mice showed impaired correct responding, suggesting a role for GPR88 receptors in working memory circuitry. Associative learning performance was similar to wild-type controls in a touchscreen task but performance was impaired at the reversal learning stage, suggesting cognitive inflexibility. Gpr88 KO mice showed higher breakpoints, reduced latencies and lengthened session time in a progressive ratio task consistent with enhanced motivation. Simultaneously, locomotor hyperactivity was apparent in this task, supporting previous findings of actions of GPR88 in a cortico-striatal-thalamic motor loop. Evidence for a role of GPR88 in reward processing was demonstrated in a touchscreen-based equivalent of the Iowa gambling task. Although both Gpr88 KO and wild-type mice showed a preference for an optimum contingency choice, Gpr88 KO mice selected more risky choices at the expense of more advantageous lower risk options. Together these novel data suggest that striatal GPR88 receptors influence activity in a range of procedures integrated by prefrontal, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortico-striatal-thalamic loops leading to altered cognitive, motivational and reward evaluation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Thomson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Openshaw
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Mitchell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Kouskou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation-CNS, Institute de Recherche Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Willis A, Pratt JA, Morris BJ. BDNF and JNK Signaling Modulate Cortical Interneuron and Perineuronal Net Development: Implications for Schizophrenia-Linked 16p11.2 Duplication Syndrome. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:812-826. [PMID: 33067994 PMCID: PMC8084442 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors. One of the strongest genetic risk variants is duplication (DUP) of chr.16p11.2. SZ is characterized by cortical gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic interneuron dysfunction and disruption to surrounding extracellular matrix structures, perineuronal nets (PNNs). Developmental maturation of GABAergic interneurons, and also the resulting closure of the critical period of cortical plasticity, is regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), although the mechanisms involved are unknown. Here, we show that BDNF promotes GABAergic interneuron and PNN maturation through JNK signaling. In mice reproducing the 16p11.2 DUP, where the JNK upstream activator Taok2 is overexpressed, we find that JNK is overactive and there are developmental abnormalities in PNNs, which persist into adulthood. Prefrontal cortex parvalbumin (PVB) expression is reduced, while PNN intensity is increased. Additionally, we report a unique role for TAOK2 signaling in the regulation of PVB interneurons. Our work implicates TAOK2-JNK signaling in cortical interneuron and PNN development, and in the responses to BDNF. It also demonstrates that over-activation of this pathway in conditions associated with SZ risk causes long-lasting disruption in cortical interneurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Willis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland, UK; tel: 0044-141-330-5361, fax: 0044-141-330-5659, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Morris BJ. Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Proves Robust for Mitigating Heterosexual Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e1954-e1956. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Morris BJ. Abstract P113: Genotypic Effect Of
Foxo3
On Lifespan Is Confined To Men With A Cardiometabolic Disorder (hypertension Or Coronary Heart Disease Or Diabetes). Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
FOXO3
is a prominent human longevity gene. To date, no-one has examined whether longevity-associated genetic variants of
FOXO3
protect against mortality in all individuals, or whether they protect against mortality only in individuals with aging-related diseases. Here, we examined this issue for the first time. We tested 9 representative longevity associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within a haplotype block of
FOXO3
for association with mortality in 3,584 elderly American men of Japanese ancestry. At baseline (1991-1993), 2,512 had either diabetes (n=1,010), coronary heart disease (CHD; n=738), or hypertension (n=1,919), and 1,072 lacked any of these cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs). The men were followed from baseline until Dec 31, 2019. The longevity-associated (minor) alleles of all 9 SNPs were strongly associated with longer lifespan in individuals who had a CMD (covariate-adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] for each SNP: 0.82-0.95 [
P
=0.00008 to 0.020]; covariate adjusted haplotype analysis HR=0.81,
P
=0.0003). For just diabetes, just hypertension, and just CHD, haplotype HRs were 0.77, 0.82 and 0.83 (
P
=0.007, 0.0003 and 0.10), respectively. Reduced mortality was strongest for carriers of the minor (
G
) allele of SNP
rs2802292
(covariate adjusted HR=0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.90;
P=
0.00008), as were survival curve differences (covariate adjusted Cox proportional hazard model difference,
P
=0.0002). As expected, men without a CMD outlived men with a CMD (Kaplan-Meier Log-rank chi-squared=24.8,
P
=0.0001). There was, however, no genotypic difference in lifespan of men who did not have a CMD (haplotype HR 1.02,
P
= 0.74). We propose that in individuals with a cardiometabolic disorder, longevity-associated genetic variants of
FOXO3
enhance resilience mechanisms in cells and tissues to help protect against cardiometabolic stress caused by CMDs, thereby allowing CMD-affected men to live longer than men without the protective variants.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mitchell EJ, Thomson DM, Openshaw RL, Bristow GC, Dawson N, Pratt JA, Morris BJ. Drug-responsive autism phenotypes in the 16p11.2 deletion mouse model: a central role for gene-environment interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12303. [PMID: 32704009 PMCID: PMC7378168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no current treatments for autism, despite its high prevalence. Deletions of chromosome 16p11.2 dramatically increase risk for autism, suggesting that mice with an equivalent genetic rearrangement may offer a valuable model for the testing of novel classes of therapeutic drug. 16p11.2 deletion (16p11.2 DEL) mice and wild-type controls were assessed using an ethological approach, with 24 h monitoring of activity and social interaction of groups of mice in a home-cage environment. The ability of the excitation/inhibition modulator N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and the 5-HT1B/1D/1F receptor agonist eletriptan to normalise the behavioural deficits observed was tested. 16p11.2 DEL mice exhibited largely normal behaviours, but, following the stress of an injection, showed hyperlocomotion, reduced sociability, and a strong anxiolytic phenotype. The hyperactivity and reduced sociability, but not the suppressed anxiety, were effectively attenuated by both NAC and eletriptan. The data suggest that 16p11.2 DEL mice show an autism-relevant phenotype that becomes overt after an acute stressor, emphasising the importance of gene-environmental interactions in phenotypic analysis. Further, they add to an emerging view that NAC, or 5-HT1B/1D/1F receptor agonist treatment, may be a promising strategy for further investigation as a future treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Mitchell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - David M Thomson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Rebecca L Openshaw
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Greg C Bristow
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Buse HY, Morris BJ, Gomez-Alvarez V, Szabo JG, Hall JS. Legionella Diversity and Spatiotemporal Variation in The Occurrence of Opportunistic Pathogens within a Large Building Water System. Pathogens 2020; 9:E567. [PMID: 32668779 PMCID: PMC7400177 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding Legionella survival mechanisms within building water systems (BWSs) is challenging due to varying engineering, operational, and water quality characteristics unique to each system. This study aimed to evaluate Legionella, mycobacteria, and free-living amoebae occurrence within a BWS over 18-28 months at six locations differing in plumbing material and potable water age, quality, and usage. A total of 114 bulk water and 57 biofilm samples were analyzed. Legionella culturability fluctuated seasonally with most culture-positive samples being collected during the winter compared to the spring, summer, and fall months. Positive and negative correlations between Legionella and L. pneumophila occurrence and other physiochemical and microbial water quality parameters varied between location and sample types. Whole genome sequencing of 19 presumptive Legionella isolates, from four locations across three time points, identified nine isolates as L. pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 sequence-type (ST) 1; three as L. pneumophila sg5 ST1950 and ST2037; six as L. feeleii; and one as Ochrobactrum. Results showed the presence of a diverse Legionella population with consistent and sporadic occurrence at four and two locations, respectively. Viewed collectively with similar studies, this information will enable a better understanding of the engineering, operational, and water quality parameters supporting Legionella growth within BWSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Y. Buse
- Homeland Security and Materials Management Division, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response (CESER), Office of Research and Development (ORD), US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; (J.G.S.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Brian J. Morris
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc c/o US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA;
| | - Vicente Gomez-Alvarez
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response (CESER), US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA;
| | - Jeffrey G. Szabo
- Homeland Security and Materials Management Division, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response (CESER), Office of Research and Development (ORD), US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; (J.G.S.); (J.S.H.)
| | - John S. Hall
- Homeland Security and Materials Management Division, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response (CESER), Office of Research and Development (ORD), US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; (J.G.S.); (J.S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Almarzooq S, Kwon J, Willis A, Craig J, Morris BJ. Novel alternatively-spliced exons of the VRK2 gene in mouse brain and microglial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5127-5136. [PMID: 32583282 PMCID: PMC7417415 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Common sequence variations in the VRK2 gene contribute to genetic risk for various psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Despite the clear importance of studying the regulation and function of VRK2 for understanding the causes of these diseases, the organisation and expression of the gene remain poorly characterised. Using reverse-transcriptase-PCR, we have amplifed exons of Vrk2 mRNA from regions of mouse brain, and from different cell classes comprising neurones, astrocytes and microglial cells. We find that Vrk2 mRNA is expressed in all cell types, and that the splicing of the mouse Vrk2 gene is much more complex than previously appreciated. In addition to the predicted alternative splicing (absence/presence) of the penultimate 3 prime exon, we also detected a variety of 5 prime structures, including two novel exons spanning the first characterised exon (exon 1), which we term exons 1a and 1b. While expressed in neurones and astrocytes, exon 1b was not expressed in microglial cells. Expression of transcripts containing exon 1a in microglia was increased by immune stimulation. An additional truncated transcript lacking 7 central exons was also identified. As with the human gene, the results confirm complex patterns of alternative splicing which are likely to be relevant for understanding the physiological and pathological function of the gene in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salsabil Almarzooq
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jaedeok Kwon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ashleigh Willis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Craig
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Corona K, Ronga M, Morris BJ, Tamini J, Zappalà G, Cherubino M, Cerciello S. Comparable clinical and functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction over and under 40 years of age. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:1932-1945. [PMID: 31463553 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present meta-analysis was to update the literature on the outcomes and complications of ACL reconstruction in patients aged 40 years and older. It has been hypothesized that patients older than 40 years of age may have comparable clinical outcomes to those of younger patients. METHODS A systematic review of articles from 1996 to 2018 was completed using Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane Reviews, and Google Scholar databases using the keyword terms "anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" and "middle-aged OR elderly OR over 40 OR age factors." Functional and clinical outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm and Tegner score and KT-1000 arthrometer), complication and graft failure rate were evaluated. RESULTS Eleven articles met inclusion criteria. In total, 306 middle-aged patients and 566 younger patients were included in this study. The mean age of patients > 40 was 49 ± 7 (range 40-75) years with a mean follow-up of 25 ± 9 months (range 12-68). The mean age of younger patients was 26 ± 2.7 (range 15-39) years with a mean post-operative follow-up of 26.7 ± 11.5 months (range 3-64). The results were slightly higher (but no significantly different) towards the younger group in terms of objective IKDC (P = n.s.), Lysholm (P = n.s.) and Tegner (P = n.s.) scores and knee laxity assessment (P = n.s.). Complication rate (P = n.s.) and graft failure (P = n.s.) were low even in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis shows that patients older than 40 years achieve comparable clinical outcomes to those of younger patients following primary ACL reconstruction. This evidence may push the surgeons toward a more aggressive approach in this specific cohort of patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Corona
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - M Ronga
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - B J Morris
- Sports Medicine Center, The Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - J Tamini
- 1a Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - G Zappalà
- ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Cherubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Lyfe Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - S Cerciello
- Casa di Cura Villa Betania, Rome, Italy.,Marrelli Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Buse HY, Morris BJ, Rice EW. Early detection of viable Francisella tularensis in environmental matrices by culture-based PCR. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:66. [PMID: 32213160 PMCID: PMC7093956 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Francisella tularensis is a fastidious, Gram-negative coccobacillus and is the causative agent of tularemia. To assess viability yet overcome lengthy incubation periods, a culture-based PCR method was used to detect early growth of the lowest possible number of F. tularensis cells. This method utilized a previously developed enhanced F. tularensis growth medium and is based on the change in PCR cycle threshold at the start and end of each incubation. RESULTS To test method robustness, a virulent Type A1 (Schu4) and B (IN99) strain and the avirulent Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) were incubated with inactivated target cells, humic acid, drinking and well water, and test dust at targeted starting concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 CFU mL- 1 (low, mid, and high, respectively). After 48 h, LVS growth was detected at all targeted concentrations in the presence of 106 inactivated LVS cells; while Schu4 and IN99 growth was detected in the presence of 104 Schu4 or IN99 inactivated cells at the mid and high targets. Early detection of F. tularensis growth was strain and concentration dependent in the presence of fast-growing well water and test dust organisms. In contrast, growth was detected at each targeted concentration by 24 h in humic acid and drinking water for all strains. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the culture-based PCR assay is quick, sensitive, and specific while still utilizing growth as a measure of pathogen viability. This method can circumvent lengthy incubations required for Francisella identification, especially when swift answers are needed during epidemiological investigations, remediation efforts, and decontamination verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Y Buse
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, 26 W Martin Luther King Drive NG-16, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Brian J Morris
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc c/o US EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eugene W Rice
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, 26 W Martin Luther King Drive NG-16, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Morris BJ, Matthews JG, Krieger JN. Prevalence of Phimosis in Males of All Ages: Systematic Review. Urology 2020; 135:124-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
49
|
Openshaw RL, Thomson DM, Thompson R, Penninger JM, Pratt JA, Morris BJ, Dawson N. Map2k7 Haploinsufficiency Induces Brain Imaging Endophenotypes and Behavioral Phenotypes Relevant to Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:211-223. [PMID: 31219577 PMCID: PMC6942167 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling contributes to functional plasticity in the brain and cognition. Accumulating evidence implicates a role for MAP kinase kinase 7 (MAP2K7), a JNK activator encoded by the Map2k7 gene, and other JNK pathway components in schizophrenia (ScZ). Mice haploinsufficient for Map2k7 (Map2k7+/- mice) display ScZ-relevant cognitive deficits, although the mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that Map2k7+/- mice display translationally relevant alterations in brain function, including hippocampal and mesolimbic system hypermetabolism with a contrasting prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypometabolism, reminiscent of patients with ScZ. In addition Map2k7+/- mice show alterations in functional brain network connectivity paralleling those reported in early ScZ, including PFC and hippocampal hyperconnectivity and compromised mesolimbic system functional connectivity. We also show that although the cerebral metabolic response to ketamine is preserved, the response to dextroamphetamine (d-amphetamine) is significantly attenuated in Map2k7+/- mice, supporting monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction but not glutamate/NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) dysfunction as a consequence of Map2k7 haploinsufficiency. These effects are mirrored behaviorally with an attenuated impact of d-amphetamine on sensorimotor gating and locomotion, whereas similar deficits produced by ketamine are preserved, in Map2k7+/- mice. In addition, Map2k7+/- mice show a basal hyperactivity and sensorimotor gating deficit. Overall, these data suggest that Map2k7 modifies brain and monoamine neurotransmitter system function in a manner relevant to the positive and cognitive symptoms of ScZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Openshaw
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Thomson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhiannon Thompson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +44 (0)1524 594 896, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Boutros PJ, Schoo DP, Rahman M, Valentin NS, Chow MR, Ayiotis AI, Morris BJ, Hofner A, Rascon AM, Marx A, Deas R, Fridman GY, Davidovics NS, Ward BK, Treviño C, Bowditch SP, Roberts DC, Lane KE, Gimmon Y, Schubert MC, Carey JP, Jaeger A, Della Santina CC. Continuous vestibular implant stimulation partially restores eye-stabilizing reflexes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128397. [PMID: 31723056 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDBilateral loss of vestibular (inner ear inertial) sensation causes chronically blurred vision during head movement, postural instability, and increased fall risk. Individuals who fail to compensate despite rehabilitation therapy have no adequate treatment options. Analogous to hearing restoration via cochlear implants, prosthetic electrical stimulation of vestibular nerve branches to encode head motion has garnered interest as a potential treatment, but prior studies in humans have not included continuous long-term stimulation or 3D binocular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) oculography, without which one cannot determine whether an implant selectively stimulates the implanted ear's 3 semicircular canals.METHODSWe report binocular 3D VOR responses of 4 human subjects with ototoxic bilateral vestibular loss unilaterally implanted with a Labyrinth Devices Multichannel Vestibular Implant System vestibular implant, which provides continuous, long-term, motion-modulated prosthetic stimulation via electrodes in 3 semicircular canals.RESULTSInitiation of prosthetic stimulation evoked nystagmus that decayed within 30 minutes. Stimulation targeting 1 canal produced 3D VOR responses approximately aligned with that canal's anatomic axis. Targeting multiple canals yielded responses aligned with a vector sum of individual responses. Over 350-812 days of continuous 24 h/d use, modulated electrical stimulation produced stable VOR responses that grew with stimulus intensity and aligned approximately with any specified 3D head rotation axis.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that a vestibular implant can selectively, continuously, and chronically provide artificial sensory input to all 3 implanted semicircular canals in individuals disabled by bilateral vestibular loss, driving reflexive VOR eye movements that approximately align in 3D with the head motion axis encoded by the implant.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02725463.FUNDINGNIH/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: R01DC013536 and 2T32DC000023; Labyrinth Devices, LLC; and Med-El GmbH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Desi P Schoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehdi Rahman
- Labyrinth Devices, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gene Y Fridman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bryan K Ward
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolina Treviño
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen P Bowditch
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dale C Roberts
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly E Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoav Gimmon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C Schubert
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John P Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Charles C Della Santina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Labyrinth Devices, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|