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Bertram W, Penfold C, Glynn J, Johnson E, Burston A, Rayment D, Howells N, White S, Wylde V, Gooberman-Hill R, Blom A, Whale K. REST: a preoperative tailored sleep intervention for patients undergoing total knee replacement - feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078785. [PMID: 38508646 PMCID: PMC10961562 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a novel preoperative tailored sleep intervention for patients undergoing total knee replacement. DESIGN Feasibility two-arm two-centre RCT using 1:1 randomisation with an embedded qualitative study. SETTING Two National Health Service (NHS) secondary care hospitals in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS Preoperative adult patients identified from total knee replacement waiting lists with disturbed sleep, defined as a score of 0-28 on the Sleep Condition Indicator questionnaire. INTERVENTION The REST intervention is a preoperative tailored sleep assessment and behavioural intervention package delivered by an Extended Scope Practitioner (ESP), with a follow-up phone call 4 weeks postintervention. All participants received usual care as provided by the participating NHS hospitals. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary aim was to assess the feasibility of conducting a full trial. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1-week presurgery, and 3 months postsurgery. Data collected to determine feasibility included the number of eligible patients, recruitment rates and intervention adherence. Qualitative work explored the acceptability of the study processes and intervention delivery through interviews with ESPs and patients. RESULTS Screening packs were posted to 378 patients and 57 patients were randomised. Of those randomised, 20 had surgery within the study timelines. An appointment was attended by 25/28 (89%) of participants randomised to the intervention. Follow-up outcomes measures were completed by 40/57 (70%) of participants presurgery and 15/57 (26%) postsurgery. Where outcome measures were completed, data completion rates were 80% or higher for outcomes at all time points, apart from the painDETECT: 86% complete at baseline, 72% at presurgery and 67% postsurgery. Interviews indicated that most participants found the study processes and intervention acceptable. CONCLUSIONS This feasibility study has demonstrated that with some amendments to processes and design, an RCT to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the REST intervention is feasible. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN14233189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bertram
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Joel Glynn
- University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Johnson
- University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Amanda Burston
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Simon White
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vikki Wylde
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachael Gooberman-Hill
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Katie Whale
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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Harper A, Monks T, Wilson R, Redaniel MT, Eyles E, Jones T, Penfold C, Elliott A, Keen T, Pitt M, Blom A, Whitehouse MR, Judge A. Development and application of simulation modelling for orthopaedic elective resource planning in England. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076221. [PMID: 38135323 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a simulation model to support orthopaedic elective capacity planning. METHODS An open-source, generalisable discrete-event simulation was developed, including a web-based application. The model used anonymised patient records between 2016 and 2019 of elective orthopaedic procedures from a National Health Service (NHS) Trust in England. In this paper, it is used to investigate scenarios including resourcing (beds and theatres) and productivity (lengths of stay, delayed discharges and theatre activity) to support planning for meeting new NHS targets aimed at reducing elective orthopaedic surgical backlogs in a proposed ring-fenced orthopaedic surgical facility. The simulation is interactive and intended for use by health service planners and clinicians. RESULTS A higher number of beds (65-70) than the proposed number (40 beds) will be required if lengths of stay and delayed discharge rates remain unchanged. Reducing lengths of stay in line with national benchmarks reduces bed utilisation to an estimated 60%, allowing for additional theatre activity such as weekend working. Further, reducing the proportion of patients with a delayed discharge by 75% reduces bed utilisation to below 40%, even with weekend working. A range of other scenarios can also be investigated directly by NHS planners using the interactive web app. CONCLUSIONS The simulation model is intended to support capacity planning of orthopaedic elective services by identifying a balance of capacity across theatres and beds and predicting the impact of productivity measures on capacity requirements. It is applicable beyond the study site and can be adapted for other specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Harper
- University of Exeter Medical School, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula, Exeter, UK
- University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | - Thomas Monks
- University of Exeter Medical School, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula, Exeter, UK
- University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Wilson
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Theresa Redaniel
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Eyles
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Jones
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Tim Keen
- North Bristol NHS Trust Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin Pitt
- University of Exeter Medical School, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula, Exeter, UK
- University of Exeter Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Judge
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Jones T, Penfold C, Redaniel MT, Eyles E, Keen T, Elliott A, Blom AW, Judge A. Impact of pausing elective hip and knee replacement surgery during winter 2017 on subsequent service provision at a major NHS Trust: a descriptive observational study using interrupted time series. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066398. [PMID: 37192798 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the impact of a temporary cancellation of elective surgery in winter 2017 on trends in primary hip and knee replacement at a major National Health Service (NHS) Trust, and whether lessons can be learnt about efficient surgery provision. DESIGN AND SETTING Observational descriptive study using interrupted time series analysis of hospital records to explore trends in primary hip and knee replacement surgery at a major NHS Trust, as well as patient characteristics, 2016-2019. INTERVENTION A temporary cancellation of elective services for 2 months in winter 2017. OUTCOMES NHS-funded hospital admissions for primary hip or knee replacement, length of stay and bed occupancy. Additionally, we explored the ratio of elective to emergency admissions at the Trust as a measure of elective capacity, and the ratio of public to private provision of NHS-funded hip and knee surgery. RESULTS After winter 2017, there was a sustained reduction in the number of knee replacements, a decrease in the proportion of most deprived people having knee replacements and an increase in average age for knee replacement and comorbidity for both types of surgery. The ratio of public to private provision dropped after winter 2017, and elective capacity generally has reduced over time. There was clear seasonality in provision of elective surgery, with less complex patients admitted during winter. CONCLUSIONS Declining elective capacity and seasonality has a marked effect on the provision of joint replacement, despite efficiency improvements in hospital treatment. The Trust has outsourced less complex patients to independent providers, and/or treated them during winter when capacity is most limited. There is a need to explore whether these are strategies that could be used explicitly to maximise the use of limited elective capacity, provide benefit to patients and value for money for taxpayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jones
- NIHR ARC West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR ARC West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Theresa Redaniel
- NIHR ARC West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Eyles
- NIHR ARC West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Keen
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Ashley W Blom
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Judge
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Wilson R, Margelyte R, Redaniel MT, Eyles E, Jones T, Penfold C, Blom A, Elliott A, Harper A, Keen T, Pitt M, Judge A. Identification of risk factors associated with prolonged hospital stay following primary knee replacement surgery: a retrospective, longitudinal observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e068252. [PMID: 36526323 PMCID: PMC9764602 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay and staying in hospital longer than medically necessary following primary knee replacement surgery. DESIGN Retrospective, longitudinal observational study. SETTING Elective knee replacement surgeries between 2016 and 2019 were identified using routinely collected data from an NHS Trust in England. PARTICIPANTS There were 2295 knee replacement patients with complete data included in analysis. The mean age was 68 (SD 11) and 60% were female. OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed a binary length of stay outcome (>7 days), a continuous length of stay outcome (≤30 days) and a binary measure of whether patients remained in hospital when they were medically fit for discharge. RESULTS The mean length of stay was 5.0 days (SD 3.9), 15.4% of patients were in hospital for >7 days and 7.1% remained in hospital when they were medically fit for discharge. Longer length of stay was associated with older age (b=0.08, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.09), female sex (b=0.36, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.67), high deprivation (b=0.98, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.48) and more comorbidities (b=2.48, 95% CI 0.15 to 4.81). Remaining in hospital beyond being medically fit for discharge was associated with older age (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.09), female sex (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.47) and high deprivation (OR=2.27, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.06). CONCLUSIONS The regression models could be used to identify which patients are likely to occupy hospital beds for longer. This could be helpful in scheduling operations to aid hospital efficiency by planning these patients' operations for when the hospital is less busy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wilson
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruta Margelyte
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Theresa Redaniel
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Eyles
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Jones
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Blom
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Alison Harper
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tim Keen
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin Pitt
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew Judge
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Webb ER, Moreno-Vincente J, Easton A, Lanati S, Taylor M, James S, Williams EL, English V, Penfold C, Beers SA, Gray JC. Cyclophosphamide depletes tumor infiltrating T regulatory cells and combined with anti-PD-1 therapy improves survival in murine neuroblastoma. iScience 2022; 25:104995. [PMID: 36097618 PMCID: PMC9463572 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome for children with high-risk neuroblastoma is poor despite intensive multi-modal treatment protocols. Toxicity from current treatments is significant, and novel approaches are needed to improve outcome. Cyclophosphamide (CPM) is a key component of current chemotherapy regimens and is known to have immunomodulatory effects. However, this has not been investigated in the context of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in neuroblastoma. Using murine models of neuroblastoma, the immunomodulatory effects of low-dose CPM were investigated using detailed immunophenotyping. We demonstrated that CPM resulted in a specific depletion of intratumoral T regulatory cells by apoptosis, and when combined with anti-PD-1 antibody therapy, this resulted in improved therapeutic efficacy. CPM combined with anti-PD-1 therapy was demonstrated to be an effective combinational therapy, with metronomic CPM found to be more effective than single dosing in more resistant tumor models. Overall, this pre-clinical data strongly support clinical evaluation of such combination strategies in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Webb
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Julia Moreno-Vincente
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alistair Easton
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
- Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Silvia Lanati
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin Taylor
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Emily L. Williams
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Vikki English
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen A. Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Juliet C. Gray
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
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Shrimpton AJ, Osborne CED, Brown JM, Cook TM, Penfold C, Rooshenas L, Pickering AE. Anaesthetists' current practice and perceptions of aerosol-generating procedures: a mixed-methods study. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:959-970. [PMID: 35864419 PMCID: PMC9543704 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The evidence base surrounding the transmission risk of 'aerosol-generating procedures' has evolved primarily through quantification of aerosol concentrations during clinical practice. Consequently, infection prevention and control guidelines are undergoing continual reassessment. This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the perceptions of practicing anaesthetists regarding aerosol-generating procedures. An online survey was distributed to the Membership Engagement Group of the Royal College of Anaesthetists during November 2021. The survey included five clinical scenarios to identify the personal approach of respondents to precautions, their hospital's policies and the associated impact on healthcare provision. A purposive sample was selected for interviews to explore the reasoning behind their perceptions and behaviours in greater depth. A total of 333 survey responses were analysed quantitatively. Transcripts from 18 interviews were coded and analysed thematically. The sample was broadly representative of the UK anaesthetic workforce. Most respondents and their hospitals were aware of, supported and adhered to UK guidance. However, there were examples of substantial divergence from these guidelines at both individual and hospital level. For example, 40 (12%) requested respiratory protective equipment and 63 (20%) worked in hospitals that required it to be worn whilst performing tracheal intubation in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients. Additionally, 173 (52%) wore respiratory protective equipment whilst inserting supraglottic airway devices. Regarding the use of respiratory protective equipment and fallow times in the operating theatre: 305 (92%) perceived reduced efficiency; 376 (83%) perceived a negative impact on teamworking; 201 (64%) were worried about environmental impact; and 255 (77%) reported significant problems with communication. However, 269 (63%) felt the negative impacts of respiratory protection equipment were appropriately balanced against the risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Attitudes were polarised about the prospect of moving away from using respiratory protective equipment. Participants' perceived risk from COVID-19 correlated with concern regarding stepdown (Spearman's test, R = 0.36, p < 0.001). Attitudes towards aerosol-generating procedures and the need for respiratory protective equipment are evolving and this information can be used to inform strategies to facilitate successful adoption of revised guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Shrimpton
- Anaesthesia, Pain and Critical Care Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolUK
| | - C. E. D. Osborne
- Anaesthesia, Pain and Critical Care Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolUK
| | - J. M. Brown
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care MedicineNorth Bristol NHS TrustBristolUK
| | - T. M. Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care MedicineRoyal United Hospital NHS TrustBathUK
| | - C. Penfold
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of BristolUK
| | - L. Rooshenas
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol Population Health Science InstituteUniversity of BristolUK
| | - A. E. Pickering
- Anaesthesia, Pain and Critical Care Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of BristolUK
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Marks JNJ, Lines TEP, Penfold C, Cavagnaro TR. Cover crops and carbon stocks: How under-vine management influences SOC inputs and turnover in two vineyards. Sci Total Environ 2022; 831:154800. [PMID: 35341834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness surrounding the importance of maintaining and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC, henceforth) stocks in vineyard systems. Increasing SOC positively influences numerous soil properties and has the added advantage of removing atmospheric CO2, thereby helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. Cover crops have long been used to influence soil properties in vineyard mid-rows, including increasing SOC content. Few studies, however, have quantified cover crop influence on SOC stocks and composition in the under-vine area, owing to a general reluctance to adopt under-vine cover crop management. This research aims to quantify SOC stocks and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils from four treatments of under-vine management practice including two cover crop combinations, a straw mulch and herbicide-managed control across two vineyard sites established in 2014. We sampled soils under-vine to depths of 0-30 cm (stratified; 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm) and quantified both SOC concentrations and bulk density to ascertain SOC stocks. Further to this, we quantified water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) as a measure of the labile carbon stock, and measured heterotrophic respiration in a laboratory incubation as an indication of SOC turnover. We found that cover crop-managed soil under-vine sequesters up to 23% more soil organic carbon (SOC) as the traditional, herbicide practice over a five-year period of growth. Microbial activity increased by more than double in cover crop soils, owing to an increase in DOC and that there is evidence for more resistant C in cover crop soils. These results suggest that cover crop management under-vine is a viable solution to increase SOC stocks within vineyard systems. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that a shift from bare earth to cover crops in the under-vine region has the potential to sequester carbon in vineyard soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N J Marks
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - T E P Lines
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - C Penfold
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - T R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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Wylde V, Penfold C, Rose A, Bradshaw E, Whitehouse MR, Blom AW. Ten-Year Results of the Triathlon Knee Replacement: A Cohort Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e15211. [PMID: 34178530 PMCID: PMC8221002 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies evaluating the outcomes of different brands of knee prostheses are important to monitor patient outcomes and generate evidence to aid decisions around the choice of implant. The Triathlon® prosthesis (Stryker, Limerick, Ireland), one of the most commonly used total condylar knee prosthesis, is designed to provide greater knee motion and the potential for longer implant survivorship. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate outcomes and survivorship of the Triathlon total knee replacement (TKR) up to 10 years post-operative. Methods Two-hundred sixty-six (266) patients listed for a Triathlon TKR in one orthopaedic hospital were recruited. Assessments were conducted preoperatively and then at three months and one, two, three, five, seven, and 10 years after surgery. Outcomes assessed included pain, function, knee-related quality of life (QoL), satisfaction, kneeling ability, activity levels, American Knee Society Score, complications, and survivorship. Results Large improvements in patient-reported outcomes were observed in the first three months after surgery, followed by small improvement up to one year post-operative, and then outcomes plateaued up to 10 years post-operative. Satisfaction with overall outcome ranged from 79%-94% over the duration of follow-up. Activity levels and kneeling ability were similar before and after surgery. There was a large improvement in the median American Knee Society score in the first three months post-operative, followed by a small but gradual improvement to 10 years post-operative. Survivorship was 95.4% (95% confidence interval 91.8-97.5%) at 10 years post-operative. Conclusions This study found that the Triathlon TKR results in excellent outcomes and survivorship to 10 years post-operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki Wylde
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, GBR
| | - Chris Penfold
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, GBR
| | - Alice Rose
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, GBR
| | | | | | - Ashley W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, GBR
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James S, Tyrrell-Price J, Atkinson C, Hunt L, Searle A, Phillips K, Penfold C, Carter J, Ness A. Evaluation of urinary chloride dipsticks for the rapid estimation of hydration status in patients receiving artificial nutrition: Feasibility study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:339-347. [PMID: 33745603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The home parenteral nutrition (HPN) population face many challenges, especially with respect to fluid balance management. A low urinary sodium concentration of <20 mmol/L is commonly used as an indicator of dehydration that requires clinical assessment in these patients. The Quantab titrator dipstick measures chloride concentration of a solution and correlates with sodium concentration. We assessed whether it would be feasible to use the Quantab dipstick in the HPN population and explored relationships between Quantab dipstick estimated chloride concentration and quality of life (QOL). METHODS Patients on HPN were asked to collect urine samples at 5 specific times points (day 0,7,14, 21 and 28) to send to the laboratory for formal electrolyte analysis. The participant and a member of laboratory staff tested these samples with the Quantab dipstick to estimate urinary chloride concentration. Participants were instructed to complete a QOL questionnaire at each of the 5 time-points in addition to a baseline demographic questionnaire and an end-of-study questionnaire. Six participants completed an interview at the end of the study period. The relationship between participant-derived and laboratory-derived data was assessed using rank correlation coefficients. QOL assessment was correlated with urine dipstick measurements. RESULTS 10 patients on HPN completed the study. Data on chloride concentration as estimated by the dipstick (assessed by participants and by the laboratory) and sodium concentration from the laboratory were available for 47 urine samples. There was a positive relationship between participant dipstick estimated chloride concentration and laboratory sodium (Kendall's τ = 0.45; P < 0.001; Spearman's rs = 0.58 P < 0.001; 47 pairs). There was a strong correlation between chloride concentrations estimated by dipstick in the laboratory and by participants (Kendall 0.58 p < 0.001, Spearman's 0.69 p < 0.001; 47 pairs). In exploratory analyses, there was no relationship between QOL and dipstick estimated chloride concentration. Participants had no issues collecting urine samples but some difficulties were reported with determining the dipstick reading. CONCLUSIONS Patients on HPN are able to collect urine specimens, complete QOL questionnaires, and are capable of using the Quantab dipstick to estimate urinary chloride concentration. The Quantab dipstick correlates with laboratory measured sodium and chloride concentrations. Further work is required to fully establish whether this point-of-care test could be used to guide fluid balance management in the HPN population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S James
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
| | - J Tyrrell-Price
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - C Atkinson
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
| | - L Hunt
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
| | - A Searle
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
| | - K Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - C Penfold
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
| | - J Carter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A Ness
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
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Langdon R, Richmond R, Elliott HR, Dudding T, Kazmi N, Penfold C, Ingarfield K, Ho K, Bretherick A, Haley C, Zeng Y, Walker RM, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Gaunt T, Smith GD, Suderman M, Thomas S, Ness A, Relton C. Identifying epigenetic biomarkers of established prognostic factors and survival in a clinical cohort of individuals with oropharyngeal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:95. [PMID: 32600451 PMCID: PMC7322918 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking status, alcohol consumption and HPV infection (acquired through sexual activity) are the predominant risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer and are thought to alter the prognosis of the disease. Here, we conducted single-site and differentially methylated region (DMR) epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of these factors, in addition to ∼ 3-year survival, using Illumina Methylation EPIC DNA methylation profiles from whole blood in 409 individuals as part of the Head and Neck 5000 (HN5000) study. Overlapping sites between each factor and survival were then assessed using two-step Mendelian randomization to assess whether methylation at these positions causally affected survival. RESULTS Using the MethylationEPIC array in an OPC dataset, we found novel CpG associations with smoking, alcohol consumption and ~ 3-year survival. We found no CpG associations below our multiple testing threshold associated with HPV16 E6 serological response (used as a proxy for HPV infection). CpG site associations below our multiple-testing threshold (PBonferroni < 0.05) for both a prognostic factor and survival were observed at four gene regions: SPEG (smoking), GFI1 (smoking), PPT2 (smoking) and KHDC3L (alcohol consumption). Evidence for a causal effect of DNA methylation on survival was only observed in the SPEG gene region (HR per SD increase in methylation score 1.28, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.43, P 2.12 × 10-05). CONCLUSIONS Part of the effect of smoking on survival in those with oropharyngeal cancer may be mediated by methylation at the SPEG gene locus. Replication in data from independent datasets and data from HN5000 with longer follow-up times is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah R. Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom Dudding
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nabila Kazmi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Ingarfield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen Ho
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Scotland Bristol, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Chris Haley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Scotland Bristol, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Yanni Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Scotland Bristol, EH4 2XU UK
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rosie M. Walker
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tom Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steve Thomas
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Rogers SN, Waylen AE, Thomas S, Penfold C, Pring M, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Hurley K, Ness AR. Quality of life, cognitive, physical and emotional function at diagnosis predicts head and neck cancer survival: analysis of cases from the Head and Neck 5000 study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:1515-1523. [PMID: 32062743 PMCID: PMC7160091 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this paper is to determine whether health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with overall survival following treatment with curative intent after adjusting for other factors. Methods Data were collected from 5511 participants of the Head and Neck 5000 study (HN5000). HRQOL was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30. Questionnaire and covariate data were available from 2171 participants diagnosed as follows: oral cavity (655), oropharynx HPV+ (723) and HPV− (277), and larynx (516). On average, participants were followed up 3.2 years (SD 1.2) after diagnosis. Data were adjusted for age, gender, co-morbidity, intended treatment, education level, income from benefits, smoking status and alcohol consumption. Results There was a clinically meaningful difference between Global HRQOL scores at diagnosis and survival in an unadjusted and adjusted model: [HR = 0.86, CI 0.82–0.89, p < 0.001 (unadjusted) and HR = 0.90, CI 0.86–0.94, p < 0.001 (adjusted)]. In analyses stratified by tumour site and HPV status, this association was similarly noted before adjustment and persisted after. There were some tumour sub-site variations: improved survival for people with laryngeal cancer reporting higher levels of physical role or social functioning and people with oral cancer reporting higher levels of role or social functioning. Conclusion As survival is the main priority for most people diagnosed with cancer, pre-treatment HRQOL is an additional factor to be included in risk stratification and case-mix adjustments. There is merit in incorporating HRQOL into routine clinical care as this is a useful facet in patient-clinician decision making, prognostication and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Rogers
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK. .,Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, L9 1AE, UK.
| | - A E Waylen
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin St, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - S Thomas
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin St, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - C Penfold
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Pring
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin St, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - T Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Hurley
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A R Ness
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile colic is a distressing condition characterised by excessive crying in the first few months of life. The aim of this research was to update the synthesis of evidence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research literature on infantile colic and establish what evidence is currently available. METHODS Medline, Embase and AMED (via Ovid), Web of Science and Central via Cochrane library were searched from their inception to September 2018. Google Scholar and OpenGrey were searched for grey literature and PROSPERO for ongoing reviews. Published systematic reviews that included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of infants aged up to 1 year, diagnosed with infantile colic using standard diagnostic criteria, were eligible. Reviews of RCTs that assessed the effectiveness of any individual CAM therapy were included. Three reviewers were involved in data extraction and quality assessment using the AMSTAR-2 scale and risk of bias using the ROBIS tool. RESULTS Sixteen systematic reviews were identified. Probiotics, fennel extract and spinal manipulation show promise to alleviate symptoms of colic, although some concerns remain. Acupuncture and soy are currently not recommended. The majority of the reviews were assessed as having high or unclear risk of bias and low confidence in the findings. CONCLUSION There is clearly a need for larger and more methodologically sound RCTs to be conducted on the effectiveness of some CAM therapies for IC. Particular focus on probiotics in non-breastfed infants is pertinent. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42018092966.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Perry
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Nutrition Theme, 3rd Floor, Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE UK
| | - Verity Leach
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Nutrition Theme, 3rd Floor, Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE UK
| | - Philippa Davies
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration (ARC), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Hackshaw-McGeagh LE, Penfold C, Shingler E, Robles LA, Perks CM, Holly JMP, Rowe E, Koupparis A, Bahl A, Persad R, Shiridzinomwa C, Johnson L, Biernacka KM, Frankow A, Woodside JV, Gilchrist S, Oxley J, Abrams P, Lane JA, Martin RM. Phase II randomised control feasibility trial of a nutrition and physical activity intervention after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029480. [PMID: 31699723 PMCID: PMC6858112 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary factors and physical activity may alter prostate cancer progression. We explored the feasibility of lifestyle interventions following radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancer. DESIGN Patients were recruited into a presurgical observational cohort; following radical prostatectomy, they were offered randomisation into a 2×3 factorial randomised controlled trial (RCT). SETTING A single National Health Service trust in the South West of England, UK. PARTICIPANTS Those with localised prostate cancer and listed for radical prostatectomy were invited to participate. RANDOMISATION Random allocation was performed by the Bristol Randomised Trial Collaboration via an online system. INTERVENTIONS Men were randomised into both a modified nutrition group (either increased vegetable and fruit, and reduced dairy milk; or lycopene supplementation; or control) and a physical activity group (brisk walking or control) for 6 months. BLINDING Only the trial statistician was blind to allocations. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were measures of feasibility: randomisation rates and intervention adherence at 6 months. Collected at trial baseline, three and six months, with daily adherence reported throughout. Our intended adherence rate was 75% or above, the threshold for acceptable adherence was 90%. RESULTS 108 men entered the presurgical cohort, and 81 were randomised into the postsurgical RCT (randomisation rate: 93.1%) and 75 completed the trial. Of 25 men in the nutrition intervention, 10 (40.0%; 95% CI 23.4% to 59.3%) adhered to the fruit and vegetable recommendations and 18 (72.0%; 95% CI 52.4% to 85.7%) to reduced dairy intake. Adherence to lycopene (n=28), was 78.6% (95% CI 60.5% to 89.8%), while 21/39 adhered to the walking intervention (53.8%; 95% CI 38.6% to 68.4%). Most men were followed up at 6 months (75/81; 92.6%). Three 'possibly related' adverse events were indigestion, abdominal bloating and knee pain. CONCLUSIONS Interventions were deemed feasible, with high randomisation rates and generally good adherence. A definitive RCT is proposed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN 99048944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Hackshaw-McGeagh
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (Surgical Innovation Theme), Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ellie Shingler
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luke A Robles
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire M Perks
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeff M P Holly
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Edward Rowe
- Bristol Urology Institute, Department of Urology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Anthony Koupparis
- Bristol Urology Institute, Department of Urology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Amit Bahl
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raj Persad
- Bristol Urology Institute, Department of Urology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Lyndsey Johnson
- Clinical Research Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Kalina M Biernacka
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sarah Gilchrist
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jon Oxley
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Abrams
- Bristol Urology Institute, Department of Urology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Wylde V, Penfold C, Rose A, Blom AW. Variability in long-term pain and function trajectories after total knee replacement: A cohort study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2019; 105:1345-1350. [PMID: 31594730 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research suggests that patient-reported outcomes plateau by one year after total knee replacement (TKR). Analysis of trajectories to date has predominately been based on changes in median/mean scores over the first post-operative year, rather than variability in trajectory patterns over the longer-term. The aim was to evaluate variability in long-term pain and function trajectories after TKR. HYPOTHESIS There will be variability in long-term pain and function trajectories after TKR. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 266 patients undergoing a Triathlon® TKR because of osteoarthritis were recruited from one orthopaedic centre. Participants completed the WOMAC Pain and Function scales preoperatively and then at 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 5 years and 7 years post-operative. Longitudinal analyses evaluated patterns of clinically meaningful change. RESULTS Most patients had an improvement in pain and function during the first year post-operative; improvement was greatest in the first 3 months. By 1-year post-operative, 8% of patients had no change or a worsening of pain and 21% for function. Thereafter, approximately 15% of patients improved and 15% worsened between each assessment time. For those patients who had no change in symptoms from pre-operative to 1-year post-operative, one third had further improvement between 1 and 2 years post-operative. DISCUSSION This study identified clinically meaningful variability in long-term outcomes after TKR, which could be discussed with patients to ensure they have realistic expectations of their outcome. Further research is needed to evaluate determinants of this variability and whether patients who will do poorly can be identified early in their recovery pathway. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki Wylde
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Chris Penfold
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice Rose
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Ashley W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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15
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Jansen F, Verdonck‐de Leeuw IM, Cuijpers P, Leemans CR, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Penfold C, Thomas SJ, Waylen A, Ness AR. Depressive symptoms in relation to overall survival in people with head and neck cancer: A longitudinal cohort study. Psychooncology 2018; 27:2245-2256. [PMID: 29927013 PMCID: PMC6231089 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to investigate the relation between pretreatment depressive symptoms (DS) and the course of DS during the first year after cancer diagnosis, and overall survival among people with head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS Data from the Head and Neck 5000 prospective clinical cohort study were used. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) pretreatment, at 4 and 12-month follow-up. Also, socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and mortality data were collected. The association between before start of treatment DS (HADS-depression > 7) and course (never DS, recovered from DS, or persistent/recurrent/late DS at 12-month follow-up) and survival was investigated using Cox regression. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed. RESULTS In total, 384 of the 2144 persons (18%) reported pretreatment DS. Regarding DS course, 63% never had DS, 16% recovered, and 20% had persistent/recurrent/late DS. People with pretreatment DS had a higher risk of earlier death than people without DS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.05), but this decreased after correcting for socio-demographic, clinical, and lifestyle-related factors (HR = 1.21; 95% CI 0.97-1.52). Regarding the course of DS, people with persistent/recurrent/late DS had a higher risk of earlier death (HR = 2.04; 95% CI 1.36-3.05), while people who recovered had a comparable risk (HR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.66-1.90) as the reference group who never experienced DS. After correcting for socio-demographic and clinical factors, people with persistent/recurrent/late DS still had a higher risk of earlier death (HR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.09-2.53). CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment DS and persistent/recurrent/late DS were associated with worse survival among people with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Jansen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA)VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Irma M. Verdonck‐de Leeuw
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA)VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA)VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections DivisionGerman Cancer Research Center (DFKZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections DivisionGerman Cancer Research Center (DFKZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Chris Penfold
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centrethe University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUK
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Steven J. Thomas
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Andrea Waylen
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Andrew R. Ness
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centrethe University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUK
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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16
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Shingler E, Robles LA, Perry R, Penfold C, Ness AR, Thomas S, Lane JA, Martin RM. Systematic review evaluating randomized controlled trials of smoking and alcohol cessation interventions in people with head and neck cancer and oral dysplasia. Head Neck 2018; 40:1845-1853. [PMID: 29603464 PMCID: PMC6120449 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking and alcohol increase the risk of head and neck cancer and affect treatment outcomes. Interventions modifying these behaviors may improve posttreatment outcomes and survival. We systematically reviewed evidence of the effectiveness of smoking/alcohol interventions in head and neck cancer and oral dysplasia. METHODS The AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of smoking/alcohol interventions in people with head and neck cancer. A qualitative synthesis of the studies was conducted. RESULTS Three RCTs were identified: 2 smoking interventions and 1 smoking and alcohol intervention. One intervention, which was comprised of a smoking intervention based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and pharmacologic management compared to usual care, reduced smoking prevalence. CONCLUSION Further research is required into the underlying mechanisms that lead to cessation and interventions that include both pharmacological and behavioral therapy. Future RCTs should include suitable control conditions and sufficient power to assess clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Shingler
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nutrition ThemeUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Luke A. Robles
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nutrition ThemeUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Perry
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nutrition ThemeUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris Penfold
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nutrition ThemeUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andy R. Ness
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nutrition ThemeUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Steve Thomas
- Department of Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - J. Athene Lane
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Department of Randomised Trials CollaborationUniversity of Bristol, School of Social and Community MedicineBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nutrition ThemeUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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17
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Papadaki A, Johnson L, Toumpakari Z, England C, Rai M, Toms S, Penfold C, Zazpe I, Martínez-González MA, Feder G. Validation of the English Version of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener of the PREDIMED Study, in People at High Cardiovascular Risk in the UK. Nutrients 2018; 10:E138. [PMID: 29382082 PMCID: PMC5852714 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the English version of the PREvencion con DIetaMEDiterranea (PREDIMED) 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), a brief questionnaire assessing adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), which was used in the PREDIMED trial for assessment and immediate feedback. This instrument (MEDAS) was administered to 96 adults with a high cardiovascular risk (66% women, mean age 68.3 ± 6.0 years), recruited from general practices in Bristol, UK. Participants then completed a 3-day estimated food record, and the MEDAS was administered again one month later. A MedDiet score (range = 0-14) was calculated from the MEDAS' administrations and food record to assess concurrent validity and test-retest reliability. Predictive validity was assessed by examining the association of the MEDAS-derived score with cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary intakes derived from the food records. The MEDAS-derived MedDiet score was higher by 1.47 points compared to food records (5.47 vs.4.00, p < 0.001), correlated moderately with the record-derived score (r = 0.50, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.53, p < 0.001) and there was borderline fair agreement between the two methods (κ = 0.19, 95% CI 0.07-0.31, p = 0.002; 95% limits of agreement -2.2, 5.1). Exact agreement within score categories and gross misclassificationwere 45.8% and 21.9%, respectively. The distribution of dietary intakes, reported on the food records by the MEDAS-derived total MedDiet score, was in the expected direction, but no association was observed with cardiometabolic risk factors. The two administrations of the MEDAS produced similar mean total MedDiet scores (5.5 vs. 5.4, p = 0.706), which were correlated (r and ICC = 0.69, p < 0.001) and agreed fairly (κ = 0.38, 95% CI 0.24-0.52, p < 0.001; 95% limits of agreement -3.1, 3.2). The English version of the MEDAS has acceptable accuracy and reliability for assessing MedDiet adherence among individuals with a high cardiovascular risk, in the UK, and can be used to rank individuals according to MedDiet adherence in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Papadaki
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK.
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, BristolBS1 2LY, UK.
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK.
| | - Zoi Toumpakari
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK.
| | - Clare England
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK.
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, BristolBS1 2LY, UK.
| | - Manmita Rai
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, BristolBS1 2LY, UK.
| | - Stu Toms
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, BristolBS1 2LY, UK.
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, BristolBS1 2LY, UK.
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gene Feder
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, BristolBS8 2PS, UK.
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Atkinson C, Short V, Ness A, Lewis S, Longman R, Thomas S, Leary S, Hollingworth W, Penfold C. MON-LB339: Predictors of Early Post-Operative Feeding: An Observational Study in a Colorectal Surgery Population. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)31087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Shingler E, Robles LA, Perry R, Penfold C, Ness A, Thomas S, Athene Lane J, Martin RM. Tobacco and alcohol cessation or reduction interventions in people with oral dysplasia and head and neck cancer: systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:161. [PMID: 28793926 PMCID: PMC5551025 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancers include malignancies of the mouth, larynx and oropharynx. Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risks of developing and dying from head and neck cancer. The aim of this review is to examine the effectiveness of smoking and alcohol cessation interventions on disease-related outcomes, quality of life and behavioural change in adults with head and neck cancer and oral dysplasia. METHODS The Cochrane library, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases will be searched for randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of smoking or alcohol interventions on patients with either head and neck cancer or oral dysplasia. The primary outcomes are disease-free survival and, for participants with oral dysplasia, malignant transformation to cancer. Secondary outcomes are disease recurrence and progression, quality of life and behavioural change. The quality of included studies will be assessed using the 'Cochrane Collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias'. A qualitative synthesis of the results will be reported, and a meta-analysis of the outcome data conducted, where appropriate. DISCUSSION This systematic review will identify the extent of the current research on smoking and alcohol cessation interventions in patients with head and neck cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia. The findings have the potential to inform which interventions have been successful and how future behavioural change interventions should be conducted within these populations. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016038237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Shingler
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Research & Education Centre, Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK.
| | - Luke A Robles
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Research & Education Centre, Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Rachel Perry
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Research & Education Centre, Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Research & Education Centre, Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Research & Education Centre, Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Steve Thomas
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Research & Education Centre, Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - J Athene Lane
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Research & Education Centre, Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- NIHR Bristol BRC Nutrition Theme, University Hospitals Bristol Research & Education Centre, Level 3, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
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Yu J, Song P, Perry R, Penfold C, Cooper AR. The Effectiveness of Green Tea or Green Tea Extract on Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Metab J 2017; 41:251-262. [PMID: 28868822 PMCID: PMC5583402 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2017.41.4.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea or green tea extract (GT/GTE) has been demonstrated to reduce insulin resistance and improve glycemic control. However, evidence for this health beneficial effect is inconsistent. This systematic review evaluated the effect of GT/GTE on insulin resistance and glycemic control in people with pre-diabetes/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to April 2017 for randomised controlled trials of participants with pre-diabetes or T2DM, where the intervention was GT/GTE. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the standardised mean difference (SMD) in biomarkers of insulin resistance and glycemic control between GT/GTE and placebo groups. Six studies (n=382) were pooled into random-effects meta-analysis. Overall, no differences were found between GT/GTE and the placebo for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c: SMD, -0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.86 to 0.23), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: SMD, 0.10; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.38), fasting insulin (SMD, -0.25; 95% CI, -0.64 to 0.15), and fasting glucose (SMD, -0.10; 95% CI, -0.50 to 0.30). No evidence support the consumption of GT/GTE could reduce the levels of HbA1c, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, or fasting glucose in people with pre-diabetes/T2DM. However, the studies included were small and of varying quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Yu
- Division of Medicine, School of life and Medical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peige Song
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Perry
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley R Cooper
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Nutrition Theme, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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21
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Donetto S, Penfold C, Anderson J, Robert G, Maben J. Nursing work and sensory experiences of hospital design: A before and after qualitative study following a move to all-single room inpatient accommodation. Health Place 2017; 46:121-129. [PMID: 28527327 PMCID: PMC5533937 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The embodied experience of nursing practice is rarely studied. Drawing on data from an internationally relevant larger study conducted in 2013-14, here we explore the sensory dimension of the embodied experiences of nursing staff working on two acute NHS hospital wards before and after a move to all-single room inpatient accommodation. We undertook a secondary analysis of 25 interviews with nursing staff (12 before and 13 after the move with half [13/25] using photographs taken by participants) from a mixed-method before-and-after study. This analysis focused on the sensory dimensions of nursing staff's experiences of their working practices and the effect of the built environment upon these. Drawing on Pallasmaa's theoretocal insights, we report how the all-single room ward design prioritises 'focused vision' and hinders peripheral perception, whilst the open ward environment is rich in contextual and preconscious information. We suggest all-single room accommodation may offer staff an impoverished experience of caring for patients and of working with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Donetto
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom.
| | - C Penfold
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom.
| | - J Anderson
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom.
| | - G Robert
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom.
| | - J Maben
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, United Kingdom.
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22
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Perry R, Leach V, Davies P, Penfold C, Ness A, Churchill R. An overview of systematic reviews of complementary and alternative therapies for fibromyalgia using both AMSTAR and ROBIS as quality assessment tools. Syst Rev 2017; 6:97. [PMID: 28506257 PMCID: PMC5433031 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic, debilitating pain disorder. Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine can lead people with FM to turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Two previous overviews of systematic reviews of CAM for FM have been published, but they did not assessed for risk of bias in the review process. METHODS Five databases Medline, Embase, AMED (via OVID), Web of Science and Central were searched from their inception to December 2015. Reference lists were hand-searched. We had two aims: the first was to provide an up-to-date and rigorously conducted synthesis of systematic reviews of CAM literature on FM; the second was to evaluate the quality of the available systematic review evidence using two different tools: AMSTAR (Shea et al. BMC Med Res Methodol 15; 7:10, 2007) and a more recently developed tool ROBIS (Whiting et al. J Clin Epidemiol 69:225-34, 2016) specifically designed to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews. Any review that assessed one of eight CAM therapies for participants diagnosed with FM was considered. The individual studies had to be randomised controlled trials where the intervention was compared to placebo, treatment as usual or waitlist controls to be included. The primary outcome measure was pain, and the secondary outcome measure was adverse events. RESULTS We identified 15 reviews that met inclusion criteria. There was low-quality evidence that acupuncture improves pain compared to no treatment or standard treatment, but good evidence that it is no better than sham acupuncture. The evidence for homoeopathy, spinal manipulation and herbal medicine was limited. CONCLUSIONS Overall, five reviews scored 6 or above using the AMSTAR scale and the inter-rater agreement was good (83.6%), whereas seven reviews achieved a low risk of bias rating using ROBIS and the inter-rater agreement was fair (60.0%). No firm conclusions were drawn for efficacy of either spinal manipulation or homoeopathy for FM. There is limited evidence for topical Capsicum, but further research is required. There is some evidence to support the effectiveness of acupuncture for FM, but further high-quality trials are needed to investigate its benefits, harms and mechanisms of action, compared with no or standard treatment. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016035846 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andy Ness
- University of Bristol, Bristol, England
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23
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Penfold C, Waylen A, Thomas S, Ness A. Change in tobacco and alcohol consumption following a diagnosis of head and neck cancer: results from Head and Neck 5000. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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Robles L, Shingler E, Hackshaw-McGeagh L, Persad R, Gillatt D, Holly J, Koupparis A, Rowe E, Johnson L, Cloete J, Shiridzinomwa C, Abrams P, Penfold C, Bahl A, Oxley J, Perks C, Martin R, Lane A. Latest feasibility outcomes from the Prostate cancer Evaluation of Exercise and Nutrition Trial (PrEvENT). Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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25
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Beynon R, Thomas S, Waylen A, Penfold C, Martin R, Ness A. Smoking and alcohol consumption as predictors of outcome in head and neck cancer: Results from the head and neck 5000 study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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26
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Atkinson C, Penfold C, Longman R, Thomas S, Hollingworth W, Leary S, Lewis S, Ness A. MON-LB280: An Exploratory subgroup Analysis from a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) of Chewing Gum after Colorectal Surgery. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Birch L, Perry R, Penfold C, Beynon R, Hamilton-Shield J. What change in body mass index is needed to improve metabolic health status in childhood obesity: protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 2016; 5:120. [PMID: 27456962 PMCID: PMC4960699 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is one of the most serious, global, public health challenges and has adverse health consequences in both the short-and long-term. The purpose of this study is to establish the change in body mass index (BMI) needed to achieve improvements in metabolic health status in obese children and adolescents attending lifestyle treatment interventions. METHODS The following electronic databases will be searched from their inception: AMED, Embase, MEDLINE via OVID, Web of Science and CENTRAL via Cochrane library. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies of lifestyle interventions (i.e. dietary, physical activity and/or behavioural therapy) for treating obesity in children and adolescents (4-18 years) will be included. Interventions that last less than 2 weeks and trials that include overweight participants or those with a secondary or syndromic cause of obesity will not be included. No language restrictions will be applied. Titles and abstracts will be assessed for eligibility by two reviewers, and data from full-text articles will be extracted using a standardised data extraction template. Reference lists of all included articles will be hand-searched for additional publications. A narrative synthesis of the findings will be presented, and meta-analysis will be conducted if considered appropriate. DISCUSSION This will be the first systematic review of studies to establish the change in BMI required to improve metabolic health status in obese children and adolescents. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016025317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Birch
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, Level 3 University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK.
| | - Rachel Perry
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, Level 3 University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, Level 3 University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Rhona Beynon
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, Level 3 University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
| | - Julian Hamilton-Shield
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, Level 3 University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE, UK
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28
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Everson M, Webber L, Penfold C, Shah S, Freshwater-Turner D. Finding a solution: Heparinised saline versus normal saline in the maintenance of invasive arterial lines in intensive care. J Intensive Care Soc 2016; 17:284-289. [PMID: 28979512 DOI: 10.1177/1751143716653763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the impact of heparinised saline versus 0.9% normal saline on arterial line patency. Maintaining the patency of arterial lines is essential for obtaining accurate physiological measurements, enabling blood sampling and minimising line replacement. Use of heparinised saline is associated with risks such as thrombocytopenia, haemorrhage and mis-selection. Historical studies draw variable conclusions but suggest that normal saline is at least as effective at maintaining line patency, although recent evidence has questioned this. METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis of the use of heparinised saline versus normal saline on unselected patients in the intensive care of our hospital. Data concerning duration of 471 lines insertion and reason for removal was collected. RESULTS We found a higher risk of blockage for lines flushed with normal saline compared with heparinised saline (RR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.392-3.32, p ≤ 0.001). Of the 56 lines which blocked initially (19 heparinised saline and 37 normal saline lines), 16 were replaced with new lines; 5 heparinised saline lines and 11 normal saline lines were reinserted; 5 of these lines subsequently blocked again, 3 of which were flushed with normal saline. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a clinically important reduction in arterial line longevity due to blockages when flushed with normal saline compared to heparinised saline. We have determined that these excess blockages have a significant clinical impact with further lines being inserted after blockage, resulting in increased risks to patients, wasted time and cost of resources. Our findings suggest that the current UK guidance favouring normal saline flushes should be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Everson
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucy Webber
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sanjoy Shah
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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Ness AR, Waylen A, Hurley K, Jeffreys M, Penfold C, Pring M, Leary SD, Allmark C, Toms S, Ring S, Peters TJ, Hollingworth W, Worthington H, Nutting C, Fisher S, Rogers SN, Thomas SJ. Recruitment, response rates and characteristics of 5511 people enrolled in a prospective clinical cohort study: head and neck 5000. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 41:804-809. [PMID: 26436654 PMCID: PMC5111771 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Ness
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A Waylen
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Hurley
- Surgical Research Team, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - M Jeffreys
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Penfold
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - M Pring
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S D Leary
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - C Allmark
- National Cancer Research Institute Consumer Liaison Group (NCRI CLG), Independent Cancer Patients Voice (ICPV), London, UK
| | - S Toms
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - S Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - T J Peters
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W Hollingworth
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H Worthington
- Cochrane Oral Health Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Nutting
- Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S Fisher
- Leeds Institute for Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S N Rogers
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - S J Thomas
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Sweet C, Penfold C, McMahon S, Brannan H. Buccal fat augmentation of the velum in revision levatorplasty and treatment of non-cleft velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.08.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Rogers PJ, Hogenkamp PS, de Graaf C, Higgs S, Lluch A, Ness AR, Penfold C, Perry R, Putz P, Yeomans MR, Mela DJ. Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:381-94. [PMID: 26365102 PMCID: PMC4786736 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
By reducing energy density, low-energy sweeteners (LES) might be expected to reduce energy intake (EI) and body weight (BW). To assess the totality of the evidence testing the null hypothesis that LES exposure (versus sugars or unsweetened alternatives) has no effect on EI or BW, we conducted a systematic review of relevant studies in animals and humans consuming LES with ad libitum access to food energy. In 62 of 90 animal studies exposure to LES did not affect or decreased BW. Of 28 reporting increased BW, 19 compared LES with glucose exposure using a specific ‘learning' paradigm. Twelve prospective cohort studies in humans reported inconsistent associations between LES use and body mass index (−0.002 kg m−2 per year, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.009 to 0.005). Meta-analysis of short-term randomized controlled trials (129 comparisons) showed reduced total EI for LES versus sugar-sweetened food or beverage consumption before an ad libitum meal (−94 kcal, 95% CI −122 to −66), with no difference versus water (−2 kcal, 95% CI −30 to 26). This was consistent with EI results from sustained intervention randomized controlled trials (10 comparisons). Meta-analysis of sustained intervention randomized controlled trials (4 weeks to 40 months) showed that consumption of LES versus sugar led to relatively reduced BW (nine comparisons; −1.35 kg, 95% CI –2.28 to −0.42), and a similar relative reduction in BW versus water (three comparisons; −1.24 kg, 95% CI –2.22 to −0.26). Most animal studies did not mimic LES consumption by humans, and reverse causation may influence the results of prospective cohort studies. The preponderance of evidence from all human randomized controlled trials indicates that LES do not increase EI or BW, whether compared with caloric or non-caloric (for example, water) control conditions. Overall, the balance of evidence indicates that use of LES in place of sugar, in children and adults, leads to reduced EI and BW, and possibly also when compared with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Rogers
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P S Hogenkamp
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C de Graaf
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Higgs
- The School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Lluch
- Danone Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, RD, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A R Ness
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - C Penfold
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - R Perry
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Level 3, University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - P Putz
- European Branch, ILSI Europe a.i.s.b.l., Brussels, Belgium
| | - M R Yeomans
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - D J Mela
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of abnormal neural activation have been observed during working memory tasks in bipolar I depression, yet the neural changes associated with bipolar II depression have yet to be explored. METHOD An n-back working memory task was administered during a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging scan in age- and gender-matched groups of 19 unmedicated, bipolar II depressed subjects and 19 healthy comparison subjects. Whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses were performed to determine regions of differential activation across memory-load conditions (0-, 1- and 2-back). RESULTS Accuracy for all subjects decreased with higher memory load, but there was no significant group × memory load interaction. Random-effects analyses of memory load indicated that subjects with bipolar II depression exhibited significantly less activation than healthy subjects in left hemispheric regions of the middle frontal gyrus [Brodmann area (BA) 11], superior frontal gyrus (BA 10), inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), middle temporal gyrus (BA 39) and bilateral occipital regions. There was no evidence of differential activation related to increasing memory load in the dorsolateral prefrontal or anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS Bipolar II depression is associated with hypoactivation of the left medio-frontal and parietal cortex during working memory performance. Our findings suggest that bipolar II depression is associated with disruption of the fronto-parietal circuit that is engaged in working memory tasks, which is a finding reported across bipolar subtypes and mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Brooks
- Address for correspondence: J. O. Brooks, Ph.D., M.D., Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, 300 Medical Plaza, Suite 2229, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA., ()
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Chin CA, Butcher HH, Spathis A, Ryan R, Johnson M, Pattinson K, Currow D, Banzett R, Yorke J, Clayson H, Macnaughton J, Penfold C, Farquhar M, Booth S. What's trending in breathlessness research? Proceedings from the 8th Annual Meeting of the Breathlessness Research Interest Group. Progress in Palliative Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1179/1743291x15y.0000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Taylor CM, Atkinson C, Penfold C, Bhattacharya S, Campbell D, Davey Smith G, Leary S, Ness A. Folic acid in pregnancy and mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease: further follow-up of the Aberdeen folic acid supplementation trial. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:789-94. [PMID: 25855124 PMCID: PMC4515996 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Supplemental periconceptional folic acid is recommended to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects. A previous report indicated an elevated risk of breast cancer and all cancer deaths in later life among women randomised by alternate allocation to high-dose (5 mg/day) folic acid in pregnancy compared with placebo; however, findings were based on small numbers of cases. Our aim was to extend the previous analysis by including data from an additional 10 years of follow-up. Methods Records of participants in a large (n=2928) trial of folate supplementation (5 or 0.2 mg folic acid, or placebo) in pregnancy in the 1960s were linked to central registries in Scotland. Unadjusted and adjusted HRs were calculated for all-cause, cardiovascular, all cancer and breast cancer mortality, and all cancer and breast cancer morbidity. Analyses were done using (1) data from the time of the previous linkage (2002) to March 2013; and (2) data from 1980 to March 2013. Results There was no evidence to suggest an excess risk of morbidity or mortality in either supplementation group compared with placebo for 2002–2013 and no associations were seen for the full time period (1980–2013). Conclusions Findings from this extended follow-up do not support our previous observation of an elevated risk of mortality from breast cancer or all cancers in later life among women who had taken 5 mg folic acid/day during pregnancy. Furthermore, there were no associations with risk of mortality from all-causes, all cancers or cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Taylor
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte Atkinson
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sohinee Bhattacharya
- Dugald Baird Centre for Research on Women's Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Doris Campbell
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sam Leary
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Penfold C, Ewing G, Gilligan D, Mahadeva R, Booth S, Benson J, Burkin J, Howson S, Lovick R, Todd C, Farquhar M. WHAT DO INFORMAL CARERS WANT TO LEARN ABOUT BREATHLESSNESS IN ADVANCED DISEASE AND HOW DO THEY WANT TO LEARN IT? BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000838.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ness AR, Waylen A, Hurley K, Jeffreys M, Penfold C, Pring M, Leary S, Allmark C, Toms S, Ring S, Peters TJ, Hollingworth W, Worthington H, Nutting C, Fisher S, Rogers SN, Thomas SJ. Establishing a large prospective clinical cohort in people with head and neck cancer as a biomedical resource: head and neck 5000. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:973. [PMID: 25519023 PMCID: PMC4301458 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer is an important cause of ill health. Survival appears to be improving but the reasons for this are unclear. They could include evolving aetiology, modifications in care, improvements in treatment or changes in lifestyle behaviour. Observational studies are required to explore survival trends and identify outcome predictors. METHODS We are identifying people with a new diagnosis of head and neck cancer. We obtain consent that includes agreement to collect longitudinal data, store samples and record linkage. Prior to treatment we give participants three questionnaires on health and lifestyle, quality of life and sexual history. We collect blood and saliva samples, complete a clinical data capture form and request a formalin fixed tissue sample. At four and twelve months we complete further data capture forms and send participants further quality of life questionnaires. DISCUSSION This large clinical cohort of people with head and neck cancer brings together clinical data, patient-reported outcomes and biological samples in a single co-ordinated resource for translational and prognostic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Robert Ness
- />National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrea Waylen
- />School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katrina Hurley
- />Surgical Research Team, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Mona Jeffreys
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- />National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Miranda Pring
- />School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sam Leary
- />National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christine Allmark
- />National Cancer Research Institute Consumer Liaison Group (NCRI CLG) and Independent Cancer Patients Voice (ICPV), London, UK
| | - Stu Toms
- />National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan Ring
- />MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim J Peters
- />School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Will Hollingworth
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Worthington
- />Cochrane Oral Health Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Nutting
- />Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sheila Fisher
- />Leeds Institute for Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Simon N Rogers
- />Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Steven J Thomas
- />School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - The Head and Neck 5000 Study Team
- />National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol and School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />Surgical Research Team, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />National Cancer Research Institute Consumer Liaison Group (NCRI CLG) and Independent Cancer Patients Voice (ICPV), London, UK
- />MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />Cochrane Oral Health Group, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- />Royal Marsden Hospital and the Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK
- />Leeds Institute for Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- />Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
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Atkinson C, Penfold C, Ness A, Longman R, Thomas S, Hollingworth W, Leary S, Lewis S. LB024-MON: A Randomised Trial of Chewing Gum to Reduce Post-Operative Ileus. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Plotnikoff R, Lubans D, Penfold C, Courneya K. Testing mediator variables in a physical activity intervention for women with Type 2 Diabetes. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Plotnikoff R, Lubans D, Penfold C, Courneya K. Testing the utility of three social-cognitive models for predicting physical activity in overweight adults with Type 2 diabetes. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Penfold C, Mattocks C, Griffiths A, Tilling K, Ness A, Pate RR, Blair SN, Riddoch C. The Physical Environment and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents - A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402864.93846.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Foland-Ross LC, Thompson PM, Bookheimer SY, Penfold C, Shen JK, Ahlf K, Madsen S, Townsend J, Fischer J, Altshuler LL. Amygdala activation is associated with prefrontal cortical thickness in healthy subjects, but not in euthymic bipolar patients. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Penfold C. Re: Wake MJC. Descriptive titles: primary and secondary cleft surgeons. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001; 39:160. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001; 39:484-5. [PMID: 11735151 DOI: 10.1054/bjom.2000.0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lowry AC, Simmang CL, Boulos P, Farmer KC, Finan PJ, Hyman N, Killingback M, Lubowski DZ, Moore R, Penfold C, Savoca P, Stitz R, Tjandra JJ. Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer. ANZ J Surg 2001; 71:603-5. [PMID: 11552936 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-2197.2001.02204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lowry AC, Simmang CL, Boulos P, Farmer KC, Finan PJ, Hyman N, Killingback M, Lubowski DZ, Moore R, Penfold C, Savoca P, Stitz R, Tjandra JJ. Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer: report of the Tripartite Consensus Conference on Definitions for Anorectal Physiology and Rectal Cancer, Washington, D.C., May 1, 1999. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44:915-9. [PMID: 11496067 DOI: 10.1007/bf02235475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Lowry
- American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
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Lowry AC, Simmang CL, Boulos P, Farmer KC, Finan PJ, Hyman N, Killingback M, Lubowski DZ, Moore R, Penfold C, Savoca P, Stitz R, Tjandra JJ. Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2001; 3:272-5. [PMID: 12790974 DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-1318.2001.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Lowry
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390-9156, USA
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Penfold C. Admission criteria to short-stay units. Nurs Times 1999; 95:45. [PMID: 10514716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Perrin LC, Penfold C, McLeish A. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing suprapubic with urethral catheterization in rectal surgery. Aust N Z J Surg 1997; 67:554-6. [PMID: 9287924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1997.tb02037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder drainage is necessary for several days following rectal surgery. Urethral catheterization has long been known to be associated with significant morbidity. Therefore a prospective randomized trial was performed to determine if this morbidity could be decreased by suprapubic catheterization. METHODS One hundred and thirty-seven patients undergoing rectal surgery were prospectively randomized to either suprapubic or urethral catheterization. RESULTS After exclusions, 108 patients were analysed. Of the 49 patients with suprapubic catheters there was 14% morbidity, and of the 59 patients with urethral catheters there was 32% morbidity. Significant bacteriuria was halved with suprapubic catheterization. Patient acceptability of suprapubic catheterization was high, and there was no increased morbidity in any of the areas studied. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that suprapubic catheterization has advantages over urethral catheterization with decreased bacteriuria, and greater patient acceptability. However, the significance of decreased bacteriuria is not clear and therefore we can only say suprapubic catheter drainage is comparable to urethral catheter drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Perrin
- Colorectal Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Liyanage H, Penfold C, Turner J, Bender CL. Sequence, expression and transcriptional analysis of the coronafacate ligase-encoding gene required for coronatine biosynthesis by Pseudomonas syringae. Gene 1995; 153:17-23. [PMID: 7883180 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00661-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea PG4180 produces the chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin coronatine (COR), which consists of a polyketide component, coronafacic acid (CFA), ligated by an amide bond to coronamic acid (CMA), an ethylcyclopropyl amino-acid derived from isoleucine. We report the nucleotide sequence of a 2.37-kb region containing the coronafacate ligase-encoding gene (cfl) which is required for the amide linkage of CFA and CMA. The transcription start point for cfl was identified, and the Cfl protein was overproduced from the T7lac promoter in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino-acid sequence of Cfl showed homology to a variety of adenylate-forming enzymes which bind and hydrolyze ATP in order to activate their substrates for further ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liyanage
- Department of Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-9947
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50
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Revington P, Penfold C. Cervical tuberculosis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0266-4356(94)90076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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