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Yancey JR, Ma J, Subramaniam P, Carson CN, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF. Creatine concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex is associated with greater stress recovery from traumatic events: Preliminary evidence from a US Veteran sample. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:115-121. [PMID: 38548194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by a prolonged stress response to potentially life-threatening events long after the event has passed. Understanding factors related to recovery from traumatic life events may inform novel targets for intervention. There is emerging preclinical evidence that creatine (Cr), a molecule critical to brain bioenergetics, may be a neurobiological marker of stress reactivity and recovery. METHOD 25 US Veterans (8 female) completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, which assessed different types of traumatic events. Veterans were also asked to rate the subjective stress of each traumatic event on a 1-10 scale currently (Current Stress) and at the time the event occurred (Past Stress). Stress recovery was quantified as the difference between Current and Past Stress. Current PTSD symptoms were also assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Cr concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). RESULTS Higher levels of Cr were associated with self-reported stress recovery from participants' most traumatic life event. Cr was not related to number of different types of traumatic life events or current PTSD symptoms. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small. Stress recovery was measured via retrospective self-report. Future experimental work in humans should clarify the protective role of Cr in recovery from trauma. CONCLUSIONS ACC concentrations of Cr may be an important neurochemical factor related to stress recovery. Future work should investigate Cr as a possible protective factor against the effects of traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Yancey
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Chelsea N Carson
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Erin C McGlade
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
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Ma J, Subramaniam P, Yancey JR, Farrington AA, McGlade EC, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Elevated circulating soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) level is associated with prefrontal excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in individuals with chronic pain: A proton MRS study. Brain Behav Immun 2024:S0889-1591(24)00408-2. [PMID: 38772429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neuronal excitability in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in cognitive and affective pain processing. Such excitability may be amplified by activated circulating immune cells, including T lymphocytes, that interact with the central nervous system. Here, we conducted a study of individuals with chronic pain using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the clinical evidence for the interaction between peripheral immune activation and prefrontal excitatory-inhibitory imbalance. In thirty individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain, we assessed markers of peripheral immune activation, including soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (sCD25) levels, as well as brain metabolites, including Glx (glutamate + glutamine) to GABA+ (γ-aminobutyric acid + macromolecules/homocarnosine) ratio in the ACC. We found that the circulating level of sCD25 was associated with prefrontal Glx/GABA+. Greater prefrontal Glx/GABA+ was associated with higher pain catastrophizing, evaluative pain ratings, and anxiodepressive symptoms. Further, the interaction effect of sCD25 and prefrontal Glx/GABA+ on pain catastrophizing was significant, indicating the joint association of these two markers with pain catastrophizing. Our results provide the first evidence suggesting that peripheral T cellular activation, as reflected by elevated circulating sCD25 levels, may be linked to prefrontal excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in individuals with chronic pain. The interaction between these two systems may play a role as a potential mechanism underlying pain catastrophizing. Further prospective and treatment studies are needed to elucidate the specific role of the immune and brain interaction in pain catastrophizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James R Yancey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amy A Farrington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin C McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Yancey JR, Carson CN, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd DA. A Literature Review of Mental Health Symptom Outcomes in U.S. Veterans and Servicemembers Following Combat Exposure and Military Sexual Trauma. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25:1431-1447. [PMID: 37313717 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231178764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combat exposure (CE) and military sexual trauma (MST) are among the most common types of traumatic experiences faced by veterans and active duty servicemembers and, as such, have both garnered increased research focus over the past decades. However, there has not yet been a critical review of the literature to examine the distinct clinical presentations associated with different trauma types. This is particularly important, as understanding distinct clinical profiles could help researchers and clinicians refine treatment approaches based on trauma type. To address this question, we conducted a search of the available literature in PsycINFO and PubMed prior to October 2022. We identified 43 articles evaluating the distinct and overlapping clinical symptoms of CE and MST. Study findings were conceptually organized by psychiatric condition. In general, there was substantial variability in study methodology including sample size, composition, and operationalizations of CE and MST. Despite this variability, notable patterns emerged across studies. Specifically, MST and CE uniquely predicted posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, MST was more related to depressive symptoms and suicidality than CE, and CE appeared to be more related to alcohol use and other externalizing behaviors. Gender also played a significant role in the relationship between CE, MST, and clinical variables across studies. This review suggests that individuals with a history of MST and CE likely have distinct clinical presentations and more research into these presentations could better inform assessment and treatment. Important methodological gaps in the literature are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Yancey
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chelsea N Carson
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin C McGlade
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Ma J, McGlade EC, Huber RS, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Overweight/Obesity-related microstructural alterations of the fimbria-fornix in the ABCD study: The role of aerobic physical activity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287682. [PMID: 37437033 PMCID: PMC10337868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood overweight/obesity has been associated with negative consequences related to brain function and may involve alterations in white matter pathways important for cognitive and emotional processing. Aerobic physical activity is a promising lifestyle factor that could restore white matter alterations. However, little is known about either regional white matter alterations in children with overweight/obesity or the effects of aerobic physical activity targeting the obesity-related brain alterations in children. Using a large-scale cross-sectional population-based dataset of US children aged 9 to 10 years (n = 8019), this study explored the associations between overweight/obesity and microstructure of limbic white matter tracts, and examined whether aerobic physical activity may reduce the overweight/obesity-related white matter alterations in children. The primary outcome measure was restriction spectrum imaging (RSI)-derived white matter microstructural integrity measures. The number of days in a week that children engaged in aerobic physical activity for at least 60 minutes per day was assessed. We found that females with overweight/obesity had lower measures of integrity of the fimbria-fornix, a major limbic-hippocampal white matter tract, than their lean peers, while this difference was not significant in males. We also found a positive relationship between the number of days of aerobic physical activity completed in a week and integrity measures of the fimbria-fornix in females with overweight/obesity. Our results provide cross-sectional evidence of sex-specific microstructural alteration in the fimbria-fornix in children with overweight/obesity and suggest that aerobic physical activity may play a role in reducing this alteration. Future work should examine the causal direction of the relationship between childhood overweight/obesity and brain alterations and evaluate potential interventions to validate the effects of aerobic physical activity on this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Erin C. McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha W. University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Joo Y, Lee S, Hwang J, Kim J, Cheon YH, Lee H, Kim S, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF, Yoon S, Lyoo IK. Differential alterations in brain structural network organization during addiction between adolescents and adults. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3805-3816. [PMID: 35440353 PMCID: PMC10317813 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adolescent brain may be susceptible to the influences of illicit drug use. While compensatory network reorganization is a unique developmental characteristic that may restore several brain disorders, its association with methamphetamine (MA) use-induced damage during adolescence is unclear. METHODS Using independent component (IC) analysis on structural magnetic resonance imaging data, spatially ICs described as morphometric networks were extracted to examine the effects of MA use on gray matter (GM) volumes and network module connectivity in adolescents (51 MA users v. 60 controls) and adults (54 MA users v. 60 controls). RESULTS MA use was related to significant GM volume reductions in the default mode, cognitive control, salience, limbic, sensory and visual network modules in adolescents. GM volumes were also reduced in the limbic and visual network modules of the adult MA group as compared to the adult control group. Differential patterns of structural connectivity between the basal ganglia (BG) and network modules were found between the adolescent and adult MA groups. Specifically, adult MA users exhibited significantly reduced connectivity of the BG with the default network modules compared to control adults, while adolescent MA users, despite the greater extent of network GM volume reductions, did not show alterations in network connectivity relative to control adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the potential of compensatory network reorganization in adolescent brains in response to MA use. The developmental characteristic to compensate for MA-induced brain damage can be considered as an age-specific therapeutic target for adolescent MA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Joo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeuk Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Cheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon Chamsarang Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyangwon Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhye Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Sheth C, Huber RS, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA, McGlade EC. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Behavior and Sleep Among 9- and 10-Year Old Children: Initial Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. J Early Adolesc 2023; 43:720-745. [PMID: 37780352 PMCID: PMC10540300 DOI: 10.1177/02724316221117508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been concern about the potential sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children. This study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) study to investigate associations between mTBI and behavior and sleep in school-aged children. Generalized additive mixed models were run to examine the association between TBI and parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children scores. mTBI with or without loss of consciousness (LOC) in 9- and 10-year old children was associated with 1) higher internalizing, externalizing and total problems and 2) greater sleep disturbance scores on the CBCL. The study also demonstrated a higher incidence of mTBI with and without LOC in boys compared to girls. This study shows a statistically significant but modest association between mTBI and behavioral and sleep changes, suggesting that in a non-clinical, sociodemographically diverse community sample of school-aged children mTBI does not result in clinically significant behavioral or psychological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Sheth
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin C. McGlade
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Huber RS, Boxer D, Smith CJ, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Kondo DG. Detailed assessment of suicidal ideation in youth with bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:200-208. [PMID: 36606348 PMCID: PMC10525907 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a critical need to better understand the factors underlying the increased suicide risk for youth with bipolar disorder (BD) in order to develop targeted prevention efforts. This study aimed to examine differences in characteristics of suicide ideation (SI) in youth with BD compared to youth with major depressive disorder (MDD) that may be associated with increased suicide risk. METHODS One hundred and fifty-one participants (92 MDD and 59 BD), ages 13-21, completed a diagnostic interview and clinical assessments. Lifetime symptoms of SI and SA were assessed using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to investigate whether the diagnostic group predicted the severity and intensity of the most severe or most common SI with the age of onset, age, and gender as covariates. RESULTS Compared to MDD youth, BD youth were more likely to report experiencing more severe SI, p = 0.039, experiencing the most severe SI more frequently, p = 0.002, having less control of the most severe SI, p = 0.012, and that deterrents were less likely to stop them from acting on the most severe SI, p = 0.006. CONCLUSION This study highlights differences in the severity and intensity of SI in youth with BD and suggests that youth with BD have greater difficulty inhibiting thoughts of SI which may lead to less resistance to suicide action. Findings underscore the need for a more detailed assessment of SI in youth with BD to better understand SI as a proximal risk factor for future SA and a potential target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Danielle Boxer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Calen J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Douglas G. Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Abstract
Cannabis has been widely used medically and recreationally for centuries. With a renewed interest in the therapeutic use of cannabinoids, which are active components of Cannabis sativa, it has become important to understand the cannabinoids' neurobiological mechanisms related to both therapeutic and harmful effects. This review summarizes the effects of two major cannabinoids, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, on brain metabolites. We focus on human studies applying ¹H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and animal studies using more invasive and direct methods to measure brain metabolites associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission or glial and neuronal functions. Although studies are limited in number, current evidence suggests that two major cannabinoids, which are thought to have differential effects on the brain, may alter the brain metabolite levels in distinct ways from each other. Potential limitations of present studies of cannabinoids on brain metabolites and suggestions regarding future studies are also discussed. We believe that issues clarified in this review may contribute to the design of future studies of cannabinoids on brain metabolites. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Yancey JR, Bowyer CB, Roberts KE, Jones D, Joyner KJ, Foell J, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Boot WR, Patrick CJ. Boldness moderates cognitive performance under acute threat: Evidence from a task-switching paradigm involving cueing for shock. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2022; 48:549-562. [PMID: 35446089 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding factors that influence behavioral performance in high-pressure contexts is relevant to critical occupations such as first responders, military personnel, and frontline medical workers. A recent study by Yancey et al. (2019) demonstrated an association between boldness, a biobehavioral trait reflecting social dominance and fearlessness, and enhanced task-switching performance during threat of shock relative to a no-shock (safe) condition. This study used a sustained threat manipulation in which cues signaling possible shock were present throughout blocks of multiple task trials. Here, we extended this work by evaluating the relationship between boldness and task-switching performance under acute threat of shock conditions, in which cues signaling possible shock occurred during individual task trials, intermingled with safe trials. Participants (N = 79) completed a task-switching procedure involving acute threat of shock in which unwarned noise probes were presented to elicit blink-startle responses. Boldness was associated with better switching performance under threat versus safe conditions, with high-bold participants who exhibited low startle potentiation during threat showing the best performance. These findings provide additional evidence that dispositional boldness is a meaningful individual difference characteristic related to effective performance in high-pressure situations and have implications for personnel selection and assignment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Yancey
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erin C McGlade
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
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Huber RS, Sheth C, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA, McGlade EC. Suicide Ideation and Neurocognition Among 9- and 10-Year Old Children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:641-655. [PMID: 32985363 PMCID: PMC8004531 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1818657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the past decade, the pediatric suicide rate has nearly tripled. Yet, little is known about suicide behavior (SB) in children. Identification of risk factors associated with SB during childhood may be critical to preventing future attempts. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neurocognitive performance and suicide ideation (SI) in children. METHOD The present study utilized baseline data from 11,875 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a longitudinal study that follows 9- and 10-year-old children through late adolescence to examine factors that influence developmental trajectories. Suicidality was assessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia (KSADS) suicide module completed by the parent. Neurocognitive ability was assessed using the NIH Toolbox Cognition measures administered to the youth. RESULTS Children with a history of SI reported by their parent or concordant parent and youth report of SI demonstrated lower performance on the NIH Toolbox Picture Sequence Memory Test compared to children without SI. The difference in performance on the memory task remained significant when including demographic characteristics, family history of suicide, and internalizing symptoms in the model as covariates. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify decreased episodic memory in children with SI. These findings are similar to results from adult and adolescent studies which have reported decreased memory performance among suicide attempters. Deficits in episodic memory may impact a child's ability to problem-solve and generate potential future outcomes, which may increase the risk for SB. Early identification of memory deficits in children may inform suicide prevention and intervention efforts.Highlights6% of parents and children reported a history of active suicide ideation in children.Children with a history of suicide ideation had lower episodic memory performance.Early identification of memory deficits may inform suicide intervention efforts.
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Ehrlich TJ, Bhat J, Horwege AM, Mathalon DH, Glover GH, Roach BJ, Badran BW, Forman SD, George MS, Scott JC, Thase ME, Yesavage JA, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Rosen AC. Ruminative reflection is associated with anticorrelations between the orbitofrontal cortex and the default mode network in depression: implications for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1186-1195. [PMID: 34860349 PMCID: PMC9107429 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with depression who ruminate repeatedly focus on depressive thoughts; however, there are two cognitive subtypes of rumination, reflection and brooding, each associated with different prognoses. Reflection involves problem-solving and is associated with positive outcomes, whereas brooding involves passive, negative, comparison with other people and is associated with poor outcomes. Rumination has also been related to atypical functional hyperconnectivity between the default mode network and subgenual prefrontal cortex. Repetitive pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex has been shown to alter functional connectivity, suggesting that the abnormal connectivity associated with rumination could potentially be altered. This study examined potential repetitive pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation prefrontal cortical targets that could modulate one or both of these rumination subtypes. Forty-three patients who took part in a trial of repetitive pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation completed the Rumination Response Scale questionnaire and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed to voxel functional connectivity analyses identified an anticorrelation between the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (-44, 26, -8; k = 172) with the default mode network-subgenual region in relation to higher levels of reflection. Parallel analyses were not significant for brooding or the RRS total score. These findings extend previous studies of rumination and identify a potential mechanistic model for symptom-based neuromodulation of rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobin J Ehrlich
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (151Y), Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jyoti Bhat
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (151Y), Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Andrea M Horwege
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (151Y), Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gary H Glover
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Roach
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bashar W Badran
- Brain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Steven D Forman
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Brain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael E Thase
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome A Yesavage
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (151Y), Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Rocky Mountain Network Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (VISN 19), VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Allyson C Rosen
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (151Y), Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Jeong H, Yoon S, Sung YH, Kim J, Lyoo IK, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF. Effects of cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline on gray matter volumes in methamphetamine-dependent patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:215-221. [PMID: 34507102 PMCID: PMC8557135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) has been suggested to exert neuroprotective and neuroreparative effects and may be beneficial for patients with stimulant dependence. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in methamphetamine (MA) dependence investigated effects of CDP-choline on the brain structures and their associations with craving and MA use. METHODS MA users (n = 44) were randomized to receive 2 g/day of CDP-choline (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) for 8 weeks. Patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Healthy individuals (n = 27) were also examined using brain MRI at the same interval. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted to examine changes in gray matter (GM) volumes and their associations with craving and MA use. RESULTS Craving for MA was significantly reduced after the 8 week-treatment with CDP-choline (p = 0.01), but not with the placebo treatment (p = 0.10). There was no significant difference in the total number of MA-negative urine samples between the two groups (p = 0.19). With CDP-choline treatment, GM volumes in the left middle frontal gyrus (p = 0.001), right hippocampus (p = 0.009), and left precuneus (p = 0.001) were significantly increased compared to the placebo and control groups. Increased GM volumes in the left middle frontal gyrus with CDP-choline treatment were associated with reduced craving for MA (Spearman's ρ = -0.56, p = 0.03). In addition, the right hippocampal volume increases were positively associated with the total number of MA-negative urine results in the CDP-choline group (Spearman's ρ = 0.67, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CDP-choline may increase GM volumes of MA-dependent patients, which may be related to decreases in MA use and craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Sung
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Perry F. Renshaw
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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13
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Lisdahl KM, Tapert S, Sher KJ, Gonzalez R, Nixon SJ, Ewing SWF, Conway KP, Wallace A, Sullivan R, Hatcher K, Kaiver C, Thompson W, Reuter C, Bartsch H, Wade NE, Jacobus J, Albaugh MD, Allgaier N, Anokhin AP, Bagot K, Baker FC, Banich MT, Barch DM, Baskin-Sommers A, Breslin FJ, Brown SA, Calhoun V, Casey BJ, Chaarani B, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak C, Constable RT, Cottler LB, Dagher RK, Dapretto M, Dick A, Do EK, Dosenbach NUF, Dowling GJ, Fair DA, Florsheim P, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG, Friedman NP, Garavan HP, Gee DG, Glantz MD, Glaser P, Gonzalez MR, Gray KM, Grant S, Haist F, Hawes S, Heeringa SG, Hermosillo R, Herting MM, Hettema JM, Hewitt JK, Heyser C, Hoffman EA, Howlett KD, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Iacono WG, Isaiah A, Ivanova MY, James RS, Jernigan TL, Karcher NR, Kuperman JM, Laird AR, Larson CL, LeBlanc KH, Lopez MF, Luciana M, Luna B, Maes HH, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, McGlade E, Morris AS, Mulford C, Nagel BJ, Neigh G, Palmer CE, Paulus MP, Pecheva D, Prouty D, Potter A, Puttler LI, Rajapakse N, Ross JM, Sanchez M, Schirda C, Schulenberg J, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Sowell ER, Speer N, Squeglia L, Sripada C, Steinberg J, Sutherland MT, Tomko R, Uban K, Vrieze S, Weiss SRB, Wing D, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Substance use patterns in 9-10 year olds: Baseline findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108946. [PMID: 34392051 PMCID: PMC8833837 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development ™ Study (ABCD Study®) is an open-science, multi-site, prospective, longitudinal study following over 11,800 9- and 10-year-old youth into early adulthood. The ABCD Study aims to prospectively examine the impact of substance use (SU) on neurocognitive and health outcomes. Although SU initiation typically occurs during teen years, relatively little is known about patterns of SU in children younger than 12. METHODS This study aims to report the detailed ABCD Study® SU patterns at baseline (n = 11,875) in order to inform the greater scientific community about cohort's early SU. Along with a detailed description of SU, we ran mixed effects regression models to examine the association between early caffeine and alcohol sipping with demographic factors, externalizing symptoms and parental history of alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUD). PRIMARY RESULTS At baseline, the majority of youth had used caffeine (67.6 %) and 22.5 % reported sipping alcohol (22.5 %). There was little to no reported use of other drug categories (0.2 % full alcohol drink, 0.7 % used nicotine, <0.1 % used any other drug of abuse). Analyses revealed that total caffeine use and early alcohol sipping were associated with demographic variables (p's<.05), externalizing symptoms (caffeine p = 0002; sipping p = .0003), and parental history of AUD (sipping p = .03). CONCLUSIONS ABCD Study participants aged 9-10 years old reported caffeine use and alcohol sipping experimentation, but very rare other SU. Variables linked with early childhood alcohol sipping and caffeine use should be examined as contributing factors in future longitudinal analyses examining escalating trajectories of SU in the ABCD Study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| | - Susan Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Raul Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Kevin P Conway
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alex Wallace
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ryan Sullivan
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kelah Hatcher
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Wes Thompson
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chase Reuter
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | - M D Albaugh
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - N Allgaier
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - A P Anokhin
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - K Bagot
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - F C Baker
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - M T Banich
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - D M Barch
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - F J Breslin
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - S A Brown
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - V Calhoun
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - B J Casey
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - B Chaarani
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - L Chang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - D B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - C Cloak
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - L B Cottler
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - R K Dagher
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M Dapretto
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - A Dick
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - E K Do
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - G J Dowling
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - D A Fair
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - P Florsheim
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - J J Foxe
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - E G Freedman
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - N P Friedman
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - H P Garavan
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - D G Gee
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - M D Glantz
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - P Glaser
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - M R Gonzalez
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - K M Gray
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - S Grant
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - F Haist
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - S Hawes
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - S G Heeringa
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - R Hermosillo
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - M M Herting
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J M Hettema
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - J K Hewitt
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - C Heyser
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - E A Hoffman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - K D Howlett
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R S Huber
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - M A Huestis
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - L W Hyde
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - A Isaiah
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - R S James
- American Psychistric Association, United States
| | - T L Jernigan
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - N R Karcher
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - J M Kuperman
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - A R Laird
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - C L Larson
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - K H LeBlanc
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M F Lopez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M Luciana
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - B Luna
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - H H Maes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - A T Marshall
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M J Mason
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - E McGlade
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - A S Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - C Mulford
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - B J Nagel
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - G Neigh
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - C E Palmer
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - M P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - D Pecheva
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - D Prouty
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - A Potter
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - L I Puttler
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - N Rajapakse
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - J M Ross
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M Sanchez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - C Schirda
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - J Schulenberg
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Sheth
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - P D Shilling
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - E R Sowell
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - N Speer
- University of Colorado Boulder, CO, United States
| | - L Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - C Sripada
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Steinberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - M T Sutherland
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - R Tomko
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - K Uban
- University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - S Vrieze
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - S R B Weiss
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - D Wing
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - R A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Chaarani B, Hahn S, Allgaier N, Adise S, Owens MM, Juliano AC, Yuan DK, Loso H, Ivanciu A, Albaugh MD, Dumas J, Mackey S, Laurent J, Ivanova M, Hagler DJ, Cornejo MD, Hatton S, Agrawal A, Aguinaldo L, Ahonen L, Aklin W, Anokhin AP, Arroyo J, Avenevoli S, Babcock D, Bagot K, Baker FC, Banich MT, Barch DM, Bartsch H, Baskin-Sommers A, Bjork JM, Blachman-Demner D, Bloch M, Bogdan R, Bookheimer SY, Breslin F, Brown S, Calabro FJ, Calhoun V, Casey BJ, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak C, Constable RT, Constable K, Corley R, Cottler LB, Coxe S, Dagher RK, Dale AM, Dapretto M, Delcarmen-Wiggins R, Dick AS, Do EK, Dosenbach NUF, Dowling GJ, Edwards S, Ernst TM, Fair DA, Fan CC, Feczko E, Feldstein-Ewing SW, Florsheim P, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG, Friedman NP, Friedman-Hill S, Fuemmeler BF, Galvan A, Gee DG, Giedd J, Glantz M, Glaser P, Godino J, Gonzalez M, Gonzalez R, Grant S, Gray KM, Haist F, Harms MP, Hawes S, Heath AC, Heeringa S, Heitzeg MM, Hermosillo R, Herting MM, Hettema JM, Hewitt JK, Heyser C, Hoffman E, Howlett K, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Iacono WG, Infante MA, Irfanoglu O, Isaiah A, Iyengar S, Jacobus J, James R, Jean-Francois B, Jernigan T, Karcher NR, Kaufman A, Kelley B, Kit B, Ksinan A, Kuperman J, Laird AR, Larson C, LeBlanc K, Lessov-Schlagger C, Lever N, Lewis DA, Lisdahl K, Little AR, Lopez M, Luciana M, Luna B, Madden PA, Maes HH, Makowski C, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, Matochik J, McCandliss BD, McGlade E, Montoya I, Morgan G, Morris A, Mulford C, Murray P, Nagel BJ, Neale MC, Neigh G, Nencka A, Noronha A, Nixon SJ, Palmer CE, Pariyadath V, Paulus MP, Pelham WE, Pfefferbaum D, Pierpaoli C, Prescot A, Prouty D, Puttler LI, Rajapaske N, Rapuano KM, Reeves G, Renshaw PF, Riedel MC, Rojas P, de la Rosa M, Rosenberg MD, Ross MJ, Sanchez M, Schirda C, Schloesser D, Schulenberg J, Sher KJ, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Simmons WK, Sowell ER, Speer N, Spittel M, Squeglia LM, Sripada C, Steinberg J, Striley C, Sutherland MT, Tanabe J, Tapert SF, Thompson W, Tomko RL, Uban KA, Vrieze S, Wade NE, Watts R, Weiss S, Wiens BA, Williams OD, Wilbur A, Wing D, Wolff-Hughes D, Yang R, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Zucker RA, Potter A, Garavan HP. Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1176-1186. [PMID: 34099922 PMCID: PMC8947197 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to measure cognitive impulse control with a stop signal task (SST; N = 5,547), reward anticipation and receipt with a monetary incentive delay (MID) task (N = 6,657) and working memory and emotion reactivity with an emotional N-back (EN-back) task (N = 6,009). Further, we report the spatial reproducibility of activation patterns by assessing between-group vertex/voxelwise correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation. Analyses reveal robust brain activations that are consistent with the published literature, vary across fMRI tasks/contrasts and slightly correlate with individual behavioral performance on the tasks. These results establish the preadolescent brain function baseline, guide interpretation of cross-sectional analyses and will enable the investigation of longitudinal changes during adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - S Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - N Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S Adise
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M M Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - A C Juliano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - D K Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - H Loso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - A Ivanciu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - J Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - J Laurent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - D J Hagler
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M D Cornejo
- Institute of Physics UC, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Pontificia, Chile
| | - S Hatton
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L Aguinaldo
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Ahonen
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W Aklin
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Arroyo
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Avenevoli
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Babcock
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Bagot
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - F C Baker
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M T Banich
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Bartsch
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - J M Bjork
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D Blachman-Demner
- NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Bloch
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Bogdan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - F Breslin
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - S Brown
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F J Calabro
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V Calhoun
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - L Chang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Cloak
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - K Constable
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Corley
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - S Coxe
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R K Dagher
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A M Dale
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Dapretto
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - A S Dick
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - E K Do
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - N U F Dosenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G J Dowling
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Edwards
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T M Ernst
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D A Fair
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C C Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E Feczko
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - J J Foxe
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A Galvan
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D G Gee
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Giedd
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Glantz
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Glaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Godino
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Gonzalez
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S Grant
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K M Gray
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - F Haist
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Hawes
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A C Heath
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Heeringa
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - R Hermosillo
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M M Herting
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J M Hettema
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J K Hewitt
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C Heyser
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Hoffman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Howlett
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R S Huber
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M A Huestis
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L W Hyde
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M A Infante
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - O Irfanoglu
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Isaiah
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Iyengar
- National Endowment for the Arts, Washington DC, USA
| | - J Jacobus
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R James
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - B Jean-Francois
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Jernigan
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Kaufman
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Kelley
- National Institute of Justice, Washington DC, USA
| | - B Kit
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Ksinan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J Kuperman
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A R Laird
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C Larson
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - K LeBlanc
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Lessov-Schlagger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - N Lever
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D A Lewis
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A R Little
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Lopez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Luciana
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B Luna
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - P A Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - H H Maes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - C Makowski
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A T Marshall
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M J Mason
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J Matochik
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - E McGlade
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - I Montoya
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Morgan
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Morris
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - C Mulford
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Murray
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B J Nagel
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M C Neale
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - G Neigh
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Nencka
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Noronha
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S J Nixon
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C E Palmer
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Pariyadath
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - W E Pelham
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - C Pierpaoli
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Prescot
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Prouty
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - N Rajapaske
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - G Reeves
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - M C Riedel
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - P Rojas
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M de la Rosa
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - M J Ross
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C Schirda
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Schloesser
- NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - K J Sher
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - C Sheth
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P D Shilling
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W K Simmons
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - E R Sowell
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Speer
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Spittel
- NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C Sripada
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Steinberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - C Striley
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - J Tanabe
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S F Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W Thompson
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R L Tomko
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K A Uban
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Vrieze
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - N E Wade
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Watts
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Weiss
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B A Wiens
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - O D Williams
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A Wilbur
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Wing
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Wolff-Hughes
- NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Yang
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - R A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - H P Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Huber RS, McGlade EC, Legarreta M, Subramaniam P, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Cingulate white matter volume and associated cognitive and behavioral impulsivity in Veterans with a history of suicide behavior. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:117-124. [PMID: 33316716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the leading causes of death for military personnel and Veterans. Neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormalities in white matter tracts and brain connectivity in suicide behavior (SB); however, reports of alterations in white matter volume and its association with related behaviors are limited. The current study examined the relationship between cingulate white matter volume (WMV), impulsivity, and SB in Veterans. METHODS Fifty-two Veterans, ages 18 to 65, underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a 3T Siemens Verio scanner. Morphometric analysis of brain images was performed to evaluate differences in WMV in cingulate regions of interest. Participants completed the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale to assess lifetime suicide behavior and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) to assess impulsivity. RESULTS Twenty-nine Veterans had a history of suicidal ideation (SI) and 23 had a history of suicide attempts (SA). Controlling for age, sex, handedness and total white matter volume, reduced WMV was observed in the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) in Veterans with SA relative to Veterans with SI, p = .008. Additionally, non-planning on the BIS was negatively correlated with left rACC WMV for Veterans with a history of SA, p = .04. Other subregions of the ACC WMV were negatively correlated with planning and attention impulsivity (BIS) and omission and commission errors (CPT) for attempters. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in rACC WMV in Veterans with SA was negatively correlated with nonplanning measures. These findings are consistent with ACC involvement in inhibitory processes and build on evidence that SB is associated with neurobiological abnormalities and suggest that white matter changes may be related to actual attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Erin C McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margaret Legarreta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Sheridan Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Sheridan, WY, USA
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Mastaloudis A, Sheth C, Hester SN, Wood SM, Prescot A, McGlade E, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Supplementation with a putative calorie restriction mimetic micronutrient blend increases glutathione concentrations and improves neuroenergetics in brain of healthy middle-aged men and women. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:112-121. [PMID: 32335159 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caloric restriction (CR) without micronutrient deficiency has been shown to increase both lifespan and healthspan. In animals, CR has been demonstrated to increase glutathione (GSH), a neuroprotective antioxidant, in the brain and preserve brain mitochondrial function by altering neuroenergetics. In humans it has been associated with improvements in mood states and cognitive function. However, most CR studies have employed a 30-60% reduction in calories which is likely too stringent for most people to adhere to long-term. Thus, there is an unmet need for nutritional supplements which can mimic the biological effects of CR, without the need for calorie limitations. AIM The purpose of the present randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to use Proton (1H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic (MRS) measurements to determine non-invasively whether a blend of micronutrients, a putative CR mimetic, positively modulates metabolites related to neuroprotection and neuroenergetics in the brain. METHODS Healthy middle-aged men and women (N = 63 [33 women]; age: 40-60 years) were randomized in a double-blind manner to 6 weeks supplementation with either the putative CR mimetic or placebo. At baseline and 6 weeks, subjects underwent MRS at 3 T to investigate changes in brain chemistry, including the neurometabolites: GSH, Glutamate (Glu), Glutamine (Gln) and N-Acetylaspartate (NAA). RESULTS GSH, a marker of antioxidant and cellular redox status, increased in the brain of participants in the supplement group. The supplement group also showed an increase in the Glu/Gln ratio, a marker of excitatory neurotransmission and bioenergetics. A trend for an increase in NAA/H2O, a marker of neuronal integrity, was observed in females in the supplement group. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that 6-weeks daily supplementation with a micronutrient blend elicits positive changes in brain neurochemistry. This is the first study to demonstrate that a putative CR mimetic increases brain GSH concentrations and improves neuroprotection and neuroenergetics in the brain of healthy humans. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02439983.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandni Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | - Steven M Wood
- Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT, USA
| | - Andrew Prescot
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRREC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRREC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRREC), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Mental illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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18
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Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF, Goldsmith P, Uz T, Macek TA. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study to evaluate the effects of TAK-063 on ketamine-induced changes in fMRI BOLD signal in healthy subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:317-328. [PMID: 31773211 PMCID: PMC7018803 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor TAK-063 has shown effects that suggest efficacy in schizophrenia treatment. OBJECTIVE This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, incomplete-crossover study investigated effects of single oral administration of TAK-063 on ketamine-induced changes in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in healthy males. METHODS Healthy men aged 18 to 45 years with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and electroencephalogram measurements at screening were eligible. Each subject was randomized to one of nine treatment schedules: all subjects received placebo and two of three doses of TAK-063 followed by ketamine. The primary endpoint was ketamine-induced brain activity in select regions of the brain during resting state. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetic parameters of TAK-063, proportion of subjects with treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), and percentage of subjects meeting criteria for abnormal safety laboratory tests and vital sign measurements. RESULTS The study comprised 27 subjects. Prior to ketamine infusion, TAK-063 exerted region-specific effects on resting state functional MRI (fMRI) BOLD signal. After ketamine administration, TAK-063 reduced the Cohen's effect size for resting-state fMRI BOLD signal in key brain regions examined, and exerted similar effects on BOLD signal during the working memory task across all doses. TAK-063 was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with non-clinical studies of ketamine and TAK-063 and clinical studies of ketamine and risperidone. It is unknown whether these data are predictive of potential antipsychotic efficacy, and further analyses are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Paul Goldsmith
- Takeda Development Center Europe, Ltd., 61 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4AE, UK
| | - Tolga Uz
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., One Takeda Parkway, Deerfield, IL, 60015, USA
| | - Thomas A Macek
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., One Takeda Parkway, Deerfield, IL, 60015, USA
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19
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Huber RS, Hodgson R, Yurgelun-Todd DA. A qualitative systematic review of suicide behavior using the cognitive systems domain of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework. Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112589. [PMID: 31703982 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits are associated with both suicide behavior (SB) and psychiatric disorders. Application of a transdiagnostic framework to identify neurocognitive commonalities of SB may clarify important risk factors of SB across psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative systematic literature review of SB using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Cognitive Systems framework to determine if cognitive deficits exist independently of psychiatric disorders in SB. The following six constructs that encompass the Cognitive Systems domain were assessed: 1) Attention, 2) Cognitive Control, 3) Declarative Memory, 4) Language, 5) Perception, and 6) Working Memory. A total of 1386 abstracts were identified and 74 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The majority of studies reviewed (65%) had significant differences in cognition between individuals with and without SB. Seventy-nine percent of studies with a patient control group showed significant cognitive deficits in SB groups. Deficits in cognitive control were associated with SB and had the greatest percentage of studies with significant main findings. Use of the RDoC cognitive systems framework to evaluate SB revealed that cognitive deficits may be a transdiagnostic risk factor for SB, especially alterations in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Riley Hodgson
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Hagler DJ, Hatton SN, Cornejo MD, Makowski C, Fair DA, Dick AS, Sutherland MT, Casey BJ, Barch DM, Harms MP, Watts R, Bjork JM, Garavan HP, Hilmer L, Pung CJ, Sicat CS, Kuperman J, Bartsch H, Xue F, Heitzeg MM, Laird AR, Trinh TT, Gonzalez R, Tapert SF, Riedel MC, Squeglia LM, Hyde LW, Rosenberg MD, Earl EA, Howlett KD, Baker FC, Soules M, Diaz J, de Leon OR, Thompson WK, Neale MC, Herting M, Sowell ER, Alvarez RP, Hawes SW, Sanchez M, Bodurka J, Breslin FJ, Morris AS, Paulus MP, Simmons WK, Polimeni JR, van der Kouwe A, Nencka AS, Gray KM, Pierpaoli C, Matochik JA, Noronha A, Aklin WM, Conway K, Glantz M, Hoffman E, Little R, Lopez M, Pariyadath V, Weiss SRB, Wolff-Hughes DL, DelCarmen-Wiggins R, Ewing SWF, Miranda-Dominguez O, Nagel BJ, Perrone AJ, Sturgeon DT, Goldstone A, Pfefferbaum A, Pohl KM, Prouty D, Uban K, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M, Galvan A, Bagot K, Giedd J, Infante MA, Jacobus J, Patrick K, Shilling PD, Desikan R, Li Y, Sugrue L, Banich MT, Friedman N, Hewitt JK, Hopfer C, Sakai J, Tanabe J, Cottler LB, Nixon SJ, Chang L, Cloak C, Ernst T, Reeves G, Kennedy DN, Heeringa S, Peltier S, Schulenberg J, Sripada C, Zucker RA, Iacono WG, Luciana M, Calabro FJ, Clark DB, Lewis DA, Luna B, Schirda C, Brima T, Foxe JJ, Freedman EG, Mruzek DW, Mason MJ, Huber R, McGlade E, Prescot A, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Allgaier NA, Dumas JA, Ivanova M, Potter A, Florsheim P, Larson C, Lisdahl K, Charness ME, Fuemmeler B, Hettema JM, Maes HH, Steinberg J, Anokhin AP, Glaser P, Heath AC, Madden PA, Baskin-Sommers A, Constable RT, Grant SJ, Dowling GJ, Brown SA, Jernigan TL, Dale AM. Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116091. [PMID: 31415884 PMCID: PMC6981278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data is a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by ABCD. Processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI. This manuscript serves as a methodological reference for users of publicly shared neuroimaging data from the ABCD Study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Xue
- University of California, San Diego
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Megan Herting
- University of Southern California & Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
| | | | - Ruben P Alvarez
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Li
- University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael E Charness
- VA Boston Healthcare System; Harvard Medical School; Boston University School of Medicine
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Huber RS, Subramaniam P, Kondo DG, Shi X, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Reduced lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume and suicide behavior in youth with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2019; 21:321-329. [PMID: 30471169 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Structural abnormalities in cortical and subcortical regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), are altered during brain development in adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD), which may increase risk for suicide. Few studies have examined the neural substrates of suicidal behavior in BD youth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between suicide behavior and the OFC in youth with BD. METHODS Thirty-seven participants with BD and 26 non-psychiatric controls, ages 13-21 years, completed a diagnostic interview and mood rating scales. Lifetime symptoms of suicide ideation and behavior were examined using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a 3T Siemens Verio scanner. Morphometric analysis of brain images was performed using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Eighteen participants with BD had a history of suicide attempt (SA). Bipolar youth with a history of SA showed reduced left lateral OFC volumes compared to controls, but there was no difference between BD attempters and non-attempters. Controls and BD non-attempters had significantly greater OFC cortical thickness than BD attempters. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between OFC volumes and suicide lethality, demonstrating that as suicide lethality increased, OFC volume in BD youth was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The OFC is involved in decision-making, impulsivity, and reward circuitry which have shown to be impaired in BD. Reduced OFC volume and its association with lethality of suicide suggest that suicide behavior in BD may be related to the emerging neuroanatomical substrates of the disorder, particularly abnormalities of the OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas G Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Diagnostic Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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22
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Curtin K, Fleckenstein AE, Keeshin BR, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF, Smith KR, Hanson GR. Increased risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients with a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2548-2555. [PMID: 30209407 PMCID: PMC6224615 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity and involves dysregulated dopaminergic pathways. Dopaminergic agents (i.e., amphetamine and methylphenidate) are thus prescribed to treat ADHD. As little is known regarding long-term consequences of either ADHD or its treatment, the objective of this study was to determine if either alters the risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, including Parkinson's disease. Statewide medical records from 1996 to 2016 were retrieved from the Utah Population Database to conduct a retrospective cohort study. Participants included ADHD patients (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9) diagnosis codes 314.0-314.2, 314.8, 314.9) and 5:1 random sex-matched and age-matched subjects with no ADHD diagnosis history. Both patients and non-ADHD subjects met the following eligibility criteria: (1) no prior diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, secondary parkinsonism, basal ganglia disease, or essential tremor (ICD-9 codes 332.0, 332.1, 333.0, 333.1), (2) born in 1950 or later and age ≥20 years at last follow-up, and (3) no history of substance abuse (illicit drugs or alcohol). Outcomes were measured as time to diagnosis of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, death, or study-end. A Cox model incorporating a competing risk of death was used to provide hazard ratio estimates. Patients with ADHD (N = 31,769) had a 2.4-fold increased risk of basal ganglia and cerebellum diseases (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0-3.0; P < 0.0001) compared with 158,790 non-ADHD persons, after controlling for sex and age and adjusting for tobacco use and psychotic conditions. In 4960 ADHD patients prescribed psychostimulants, risk of basal ganglia and cerebellum diseases between ages 21 and 49 years was especially pronounced, at 8.6-fold (95% CI: 4.8-15.6; P < 0001). The association of ADHD patients prescribed psychostimulants with higher risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum may reflect a more severe ADHD phenotype rather than a direct association between prescribed stimulant use and basal ganglia or cerebellum disorders. Future studies to assess and stratify patient risk so as to inform treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Curtin
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Annette E. Fleckenstein
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eUniversity of Utah School of Dentistry, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Brooks R. Keeshin
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA ,0000 0004 0442 6404grid.415178.eDepartment of Pediatric Psychiatry, Intermountain Healthcare Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Ken R. Smith
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eHuman Development and Family Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Glen R. Hanson
- 0000 0001 2193 0096grid.223827.eUniversity of Utah School of Dentistry, Salt Lake City, UT USA
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23
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King JB, Anderson JS, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Subramaniam P, Ehrler MR, Lopez-Larson MP. Decreased anterior cingulate activation in a motor task in youths with bipolar disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:900-907. [PMID: 29451300 PMCID: PMC6041159 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BP) is characterized by abnormal shifts in mood between episodes of mania and severe depression, both of which have been linked with psychomotor disturbances. This study compares brain activation patterns in motor networks between euthymic youths with BP and healthy controls (HC) during the completion of a simple motor task. METHODS Thirty-five youths with BP and 35 HC (aged 10-19) completed a self-paced sequential bilateral finger-tapping task, consisting of a 4-minute scan block with alternating 20-second periods of either the tapping task (six blocks) or rest (six blocks), while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical and behavioral symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A between-group whole-brain analysis compared activation pattern differences while controlling for effects of age and sex. Clusters meeting whole-brain false discovery rate (FDR) correction (qFDR < .05) were considered statistically significant. Post hoc analyses evaluating comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the BP group were also conducted. RESULTS Significantly decreased activation was found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in youths with BP compared to HC. Furthermore, ACC activation was negatively correlated with CBCL mood dysregulation profile scores in the BP group. No significant differences in functional activation patterns were found between youths with BP and comorbid ADHD and those with only BP. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a potential common mechanism of impaired ACC modulation between emotion dysregulation and motor processing in youths with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace B. King
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA,Correspondence: Jace B. King, University of Utah, Imaging and Neurosciences Center, 729 Arapeen Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA; Phone: 801-585-9667;
| | - Jeffrey S. Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | | | - Melissa P. Lopez-Larson
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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24
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Huber RS, Kondo DG, Shi XF, Prescot AP, Clark E, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Relationship of executive functioning deficits to N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in youth with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:71-78. [PMID: 28800423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) have been repeatedly observed, our understanding of these impairments at a mechanistic level remains limited. Few studies that investigated cognitive impairments in bipolar illness have examined the association with brain biochemistry. This pilot study utilized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to evaluate the relationship between neurocognitive performance and brain metabolites in youth with BD. METHODS Thirty participants, twenty depressed BD participants and ten healthy comparison participants, ages 13-21, completed mood and executive function measures. 1H-MRS data were also acquired from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using two-dimensional (2D) J-resolved 1H-MRS sequence. Proton metabolites including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were quantified for both groups. RESULTS Participants with BD performed significantly lower on executive functioning measures than comparison participants. There were significant positive correlations between Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance and NAA (p < .001) and GABA (p < .01) in the ACC in bipolar youth, such that as WCST performance increased, both NAA and GABA levels increased. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and lack of control for medications. CONCLUSIONS These findings build on previous observations of biochemical alterations associated with BD and indicate that executive functioning deficits in bipolar youth are correlated with NAA and GABA. These results suggest that cognitive deficits occur early in the course of illness and may reflect risk factors associated with altered neurochemistry. Further investigation of the relationship between brain metabolites and cognition in BD may lead to important information for developing novel, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S Huber
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States.
| | - Douglas G Kondo
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States; Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Xian-Feng Shi
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Andrew P Prescot
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Elaine Clark
- University of Utah, Department of Educational Psychology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States; Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States; Veterans Affairs VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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25
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Kim JE, Kim GH, Hwang J, Kim JY, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Kim B, Kang I, Jeon S, Ma J, Lyoo IK, Yoon S. Metabolic alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex and related cognitive deficits in late adolescent methamphetamine users. Addict Biol 2018; 23:327-336. [PMID: 27813228 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adolescent brain, with ongoing prefrontal maturation, may be more vulnerable to drug use-related neurotoxic changes as compared to the adult brain. We investigated whether the use of methamphetamine (MA), a highly addictive psychostimulant, during adolescence affect metabolic and cognitive functions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In adolescent MA users (n = 44) and healthy adolescents (n = 53), the levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), a neuronal marker, were examined in the ACC using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Stroop color-word task was used to assess Stroop interference, which may reflect cognitive functions of behavior monitoring and response selection that are mediated by the ACC. Adolescent MA users had lower NAA levels in the ACC (t = -2.88, P = 0.005) and relatively higher interference scores (t = 2.03, P = 0.045) than healthy adolescents. Moreover, there were significant relationships between lower NAA levels in the ACC and worse interference scores in adolescent MA users (r = -0.61, P < 0.001). Interestingly, early onset of MA use, as compared to late onset, was related to both lower NAA levels in the ACC (t = -2.24, P = 0.03) as well as lower performance on interference measure of the Stroop color-word task (t = 2.25, P = 0.03). The current findings suggest that metabolic dysfunction in the ACC and its related cognitive impairment may play an important role in adolescent-onset addiction, particularly during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun E. Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Korea
| | - Geon Ha Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
| | - Jaeuk Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry; Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine; Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Korea
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry; The University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | | | - Binna Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences; Seoul National University; Korea
| | - Ilhyang Kang
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Korea
| | - Saerom Jeon
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences; Seoul National University; Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute; Ewha Womans University; Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Korea
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Lopez-Larson MP, Shah LM, Weeks HR, King JB, Mallik AK, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Anderson JS. Abnormal Functional Connectivity Between Default and Salience Networks in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2016; 2:85-93. [PMID: 29560889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) (occurring prior to 18 years of age) is a developmental brain disorder that is among the most severe and disabling psychiatric conditions affecting youth. Despite increasing evidence that brain connectivity is atypical in adults with bipolar disorder, it is not clear how brain connectivity may be altered in youths with PBD. METHODS This cross-sectional resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study included 80 participants recruited over 4 years: 32 youths with PBD, currently euthymic (13 males; 15.1 years old), and 48 healthy control (HC) subjects (27 males; 14.5 years old). Functional connectivity between eight major intrinsic connectivity networks, along with connectivity measurements between 333 brain regions, was compared between PBD and HC subjects. Additionally, connectivity differences were evaluated between PBD and HC samples in negatively correlated connections, as defined by 839 subjects of the Human Connectome Project dataset. RESULTS We found increased inter- but not intranetwork functional connectivity in PBD between the default mode and salience networks (p = .0017). Throughout the brain, atypical connections showed failure to develop anticorrelation with age during adolescence in PBD but not HC samples among connections that exhibit negative correlation in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Youths with PBD demonstrate reduced anticorrelation between default mode and salience networks. Further evaluation of the interaction between these networks is needed in development and with other mood states such as depression and mania to clarify if this atypical connectivity is a PBD trait biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa P Lopez-Larson
- The Brain Institute, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; University of Utah, University of Utah Medical School, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Lubdha M Shah
- The Brain Institute, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Radiology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; University of Utah, University of Utah Medical School, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Howard R Weeks
- University of Utah, University of Utah Medical School, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jace B King
- The Brain Institute, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Radiology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Atul K Mallik
- Department of Radiology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- The Brain Institute, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; University of Utah, University of Utah Medical School, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; VISN 19 MIRECC, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeffrey S Anderson
- The Brain Institute, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Radiology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Bioengineering, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah; University of Utah, University of Utah Medical School, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah
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27
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King JB, Lopez-Larson MP, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Mean cortical curvature reflects cytoarchitecture restructuring in mild traumatic brain injury. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 11:81-89. [PMID: 26909332 PMCID: PMC4735656 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the United States alone, the number of persons living with the enduring consequences of traumatic brain injuries is estimated to be between 3.2 and 5 million. This number does not include individuals serving in the United States military or seeking care at Veterans Affairs hospitals. The importance of understanding the neurobiological consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has increased with the return of veterans from conflicts overseas, many of who have suffered this type of brain injury. However, identifying the neuroanatomical regions most affected by mTBI continues to prove challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the use of mean cortical curvature as a potential indicator of progressive tissue loss in a cross-sectional sample of 54 veterans with mTBI compared to 31 controls evaluated with MRI. It was hypothesized that mean cortical curvature would be increased in veterans with mTBI, relative to controls, due in part to cortical restructuring related to tissue volume loss. Mean cortical curvature was assessed in 60 bilateral regions (31 sulcal, 29 gyral). Of the 120 regions investigated, nearly 50% demonstrated significantly increased mean cortical curvature in mTBI relative to controls with 25% remaining significant following multiple comparison correction (all, pFDR < .05). These differences were most prominent in deep gray matter regions of the cortex. Additionally, significant relationships were found between mean cortical curvature and gray and white matter volumes (all, p < .05). These findings suggest potentially unique patterns of atrophy by region and indicate that changes in brain microstructure due to mTBI are sensitive to measures of mean curvature. Mean cortical curvature was used to assess mTBI related changes to the cortex. Curvature was increased in widespread cortical regions in mTBI relative to controls. Increased curvature was linked with brain volumes differentially in gyri and sulci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace B King
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East #1A071, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2140, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, 390A BPRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Melissa P Lopez-Larson
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, 390A BPRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRREC), 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
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Baskin-Sommers AR, Hooley JM, Dahlgren MK, Gönenc A, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Gruber SA. Elevated Preattentive Affective Processing in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Preliminary fMRI Study. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1866. [PMID: 26696932 PMCID: PMC4667012 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation is central to the clinical conceptualization of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with individuals often displaying instability in mood and intense feelings of negative affect. Although existing data suggest important neural and behavioral differences in the emotion processing of individuals with BPD, studies thus far have only explored reactions to overt emotional information. Therefore, it is unclear if BPD-related emotional hypersensitivity extends to stimuli presented below the level of conscious awareness (preattentively). METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure neural responses to happy, angry, fearful, and neutral faces presented preattentively, using a backward masked affect paradigm. Given their tendency toward emotional hyperreactivity and altered amygdala and frontal activation, we hypothesized that individuals with BPD would demonstrate a distinct pattern of fMRI responses relative to those without BPD during the viewing of masked affective versus neutral faces in specific regions of interests (ROIs). RESULTS RESULTS indicated that individuals with BPD demonstrated increases in frontal, cingulate, and amygdalar activation represented by number of voxels activated and demonstrated a different pattern of activity within the ROIs relative to those without BPD while viewing masked affective versus neutral faces. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that in addition to the previously documented heightened responses to overt displays of emotion, individuals with BPD also demonstrate differential responses to positive and negative emotions, early in the processing stream, even before conscious awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
| | | | - Atilla Gönenc
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont MA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT, USA
| | - Staci A Gruber
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont MA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
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Kim SM, Baek JH, Han DH, Lee YS, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Psychosocial-Environmental Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in Adolescents with Suicidal Ideation: Findings from a Sample of 73,238 Adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2015; 45:477-87. [PMID: 25443162 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We determined risk factors that discriminate between suicide attempt (SA) adolescents and suicidal ideation only (SI only) adolescents using data from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (12-19 years; N = 73,238). In males, heavy alcohol use, drug use, and high perceived sadness/hopelessness showed significant effects on the presence of SA versus the presence of SI only. In females, along with these variables, low academic achievement, poor perceived health status, high perceived stress, and unhealthy coping strategy were also significantly related to the presence of SA versus SI only. Therefore, clinical interventions targeting adolescents' psychological distress are warranted to prevent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Bipolar Clinic and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sik Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Sung YH, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Kondo DG, Shi XF, Lundberg KJ, Hellem TL, Huber RS, McGlade EC, Jeong EK, Renshaw PF. Gender differences in the effect of tobacco use on brain phosphocreatine levels in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2015; 41:281-9. [PMID: 25871447 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1019673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of tobacco smoking has been observed in methamphetamine users, but there have been no in vivo brain neurochemistry studies addressing gender effects of tobacco smoking in methamphetamine users. Methamphetamine addiction is associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety in females. There is increasing evidence that selective analogues of nicotine, a principal active component of tobacco smoking, may ease depression and improve cognitive performance in animals and humans. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of tobacco smoking and gender on brain phosphocreatine (PCr) levels, a marker of brain energy metabolism reported to be reduced in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. METHODS Thirty female and 27 male methamphetamine-dependent subjects were evaluated with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) to measure PCr levels within the pregenual anterior cingulate, which has been implicated in methamphetamine neurotoxicity. RESULTS Analysis of covariance revealed that there were statistically significant slope (PCr versus lifetime amount of tobacco smoking) differences between female and male methamphetamine-dependent subjects (p = 0.03). In females, there was also a statistically significant interaction between lifetime amounts of tobacco smoking and methamphetamine in regard to PCr levels (p = 0.01), which suggests that tobacco smoking may have a more significant positive impact on brain PCr levels in heavy, as opposed to light to moderate, methamphetamine-dependent females. CONCLUSION These results indicate that tobacco smoking has gender-specific effects in terms of increased anterior cingulate high energy PCr levels in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Cigarette smoking in methamphetamine-dependent women, particularly those with heavy methamphetamine use, may have a potentially protective effect upon neuronal metabolism.
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31
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Hwang J, Kim JE, Kaufman MJ, Renshaw PF, Yoon S, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Choi Y, Jun C, Lyoo IK. Enlarged cavum septum pellucidum as a neurodevelopmental marker in adolescent-onset opiate dependence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78590. [PMID: 24205275 PMCID: PMC3813473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adolescent-onset exposure to highly addictive substances such as opiates may induce far-reaching deleterious effects on later mental and physical health. However, little is known about the neurodevelopmental basis for adolescent-onset opiate dependence. Here we examined whether having an abnormally large cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), a putative marker of limbic structural maldevelopment, is associated with opiate dependence particularly beginning in adolescence. Method The overall length of the CSP and the prevalence of abnormal enlargement of the CSP were assessed and compared in 65 opiate-dependent subjects (41 adolescent-onset opiate users and 24 adult-onset opiate users) and 67 healthy subjects. Results Opiate-dependent subjects showed a greater prevalence of abnormal CSP enlargement relative to healthy subjects (odds ratio [OR]=3.64, p=0.034). The overall CSP length of adolescent-onset opiate-dependent subjects was greater, as compared not only with healthy subjects (F1,104=11.03, p=0.001) but also with those who began opiate use during adulthood (F1,61=4.43, p=0.039). Conclusions The current findings provide the first evidence that abnormal CSP enlargement, which reflects limbic system dysgenesis of neurodevelopmental origin, may be linked to later development of opiate dependence. In addition, a greater CSP length, which indicates more severe limbic abnormalities, appears to confer higher risk for earlier onset of opiate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeuk Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jieun E. Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Woman's University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marc J. Kaufman
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry and The Brain Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and The Brain Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry and The Brain Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Yera Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chansoo Jun
- Ewha Brain Institute & College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute & College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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32
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Kim D, Cho HB, Dager SR, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Yoon S, Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee S, Renshaw PF, Lyoo IK. Posterior cerebellar vermal deficits in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2013; 150:499-506. [PMID: 23769608 PMCID: PMC5510461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on growing evidence of the crucial role of the cerebellum in emotional regulation, we sought to identify cerebellar structural deficits in a large sample of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Cerebellar gray matter density was examined in 49 BD patients (24 medication-naive and 25 medication-treated) and 50 carefully matched healthy individuals, using voxel-based morphometry with a high-resolution spatially unbiased atlas template of the human cerebellum. This recently developed methodology is specifically optimized for the assessment of cerebellar structures. We further explored whether antimanic treatment could attenuate cerebellar structural deficits. RESULTS BD patients showed a greater reduction in gray matter density of the posterior cerebellar regions, including the bilateral vermi and the right crus relative to healthy individuals (corrected p<.05). A stepwise linear reduction in gray matter density was observed in bilateral vermal regions between healthy individuals, medication-treated, and medication-naive BD patients. Furthermore, positive correlations of longer duration of illness with bilateral vermal gray matter deficits were observed only in medication-naive BD patients, but not in patients with medication history. LIMITATIONS This study adopted a cross-sectional design. The automatic intensity-normalization method for the measurement of cerebellar gray matter density may have a limitation in providing detailed anatomical information at a cerebellar folia level. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that BD-related deficits in the posterior cerebellar regions, which appear to progress over the course of illness, could potentially be ameliorated by proper treatment with mood stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajung Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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Prescot AP, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. γ-Amino butyric acid and glutamate abnormalities in adolescent chronic marijuana smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 129:232-9. [PMID: 23522493 PMCID: PMC4651432 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing body of evidence from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggests that exposure to marijuana throughout adolescence disrupts key cortical maturation processes occurring during this developmental phase. GABA-modulating pharmacologic treatments that elevate brain GABA concentration recently have been shown to decrease withdrawal symptoms and improve executive functioning in marijuana-dependent adult subjects. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the lower ACC glutamate previously reported in adolescent chronic marijuana smokers is associated with lower ACC GABA levels. METHODS Standard and metabolite-edited proton MRS data were acquired from adolescent marijuana users (N=13) and similarly aged non-using controls (N=16) using a clinical 3T MRI system. RESULTS The adolescent marijuana-using cohort showed significantly lower ACC GABA levels (-22%, p=0.03), which paralleled significantly lower ACC glutamate levels (-14%, p=0.01). Importantly, the lower ACC GABA and glutamate levels detected in the adolescent cohort remained significant after controlling for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS The present spectroscopic findings support functional neuroimaging data documenting cingulate dysfunction in marijuana-dependent adolescents. Glutamatergic and GABAergic abnormalities potentially underlie cingulate dysfunction in adolescent chronic marijuana users, and the opportunity for testing suitable pharmacologic treatments with a non-invasive pharmacodynamic evaluation exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Prescot
- Brain Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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34
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Sung YH, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Shi XF, Kondo DG, Lundberg KJ, McGlade EC, Hellem TL, Huber RS, Fiedler KK, Harrell RE, Nickerson BR, Kim SE, Jeong EK, Renshaw PF. Decreased frontal lobe phosphocreatine levels in methamphetamine users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 129:102-9. [PMID: 23084413 PMCID: PMC3572261 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria-related mechanisms have been suggested to mediate methamphetamine (METH) toxicity. However, changes in brain energetics associated with high-energy phosphate metabolism have not been investigated in METH users. Phosphorus-31 ((31)P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to evaluate changes in mitochondrial high energy phosphates, including phosphocreatine (PCr) and β-nucleoside triphosphate (β-NTP, primarily ATP in brain) levels. We hypothesized that METH users would have decreased high-energy PCr levels in the frontal gray matter. METHODS Study participants consisted of 51 METH (age=32.8±6.7) and 23 healthy comparison (age=31.1±7.5) subjects. High-energy phosphate metabolite levels were compared between the groups and potential gender differences were explored. RESULTS METH users had lower ratios of PCr to total pool of exchangeable phosphate (PCr/TPP) in the frontal lobe as compared to the healthy subjects (p=.001). The lower PCr levels in METH subjects were significantly associated with lifetime amount of METH use (p=.003). A sub-analysis for gender differences revealed that female METH users, who had lower daily amounts (1.1±1.0g) of METH use than males (1.4±1.7g), had significantly lower PCr/TPP ratios than male METH users, controlling for the amount of METH use (p=.02). CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that METH compromises frontal lobe high-energy phosphate metabolism in a dose-responsive manner. Our findings also suggest that the abnormality in frontal lobe high-energy phosphate metabolism might be more prominent in female than in male METH users. This is significant as decreased PCr levels have been associated with depressive symptoms, and poor responses to antidepressant treatment have been reported in those with decreased PCr levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xian-Feng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Douglas G. Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kelly J. Lundberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin C. McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tracy L. Hellem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Renee E. Harrell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,VISN 19 MIRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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35
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Mashhoon Y, Jensen JE, Sneider JT, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Silveri MM. Lower Left Thalamic Myo-Inositol Levels Associated with Greater Cognitive Impulsivity in Marijuana-Dependent Young Men: Preliminary Spectroscopic Evidence at 4T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 4. [PMID: 24558635 PMCID: PMC3927647 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6105.s4-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic marijuana (MRJ) use on neurochemistry are not well characterized. Previously, altered global myo-Inositol (mI) concentrations and distribution in white matter were associated with impulsivity and mood symptoms in young MRJ-dependent men. The objective of this study was to retrospectively examine previously collected data, to investigate the potential regional specificity of metabolite levels in brain regions densely packed with cannabinoid receptors. Spectra were acquired at 4.0 Tesla using 2D J-resolved proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to quantify the entire J-coupled spectral surface of metabolites from voxels in regions of interest. For the current regional spectral analyses, a 2D-JMRSI grid was positioned over the central axial slice and shifted in the x and y dimensions to optimally position voxels over regions containing thalamus, temporal lobe, and parieto-occipital cortex. MRJ users exhibited significantly reduced mI levels in the left thalamus (lThal), relative to non-using participants, which were associated with elevated cognitive impulsivity. Other regional analyses did not reveal any significant group differences. The current findings indicate that reduced mI levels are regionally specific to the lThal in MRJ users. Furthermore, findings suggest that mI and the lThal uniquely contribute to elevated impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Mashhoon
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - J Eric Jensen
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | | | - Marisa M Silveri
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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36
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Churchwell JC, Carey PD, Ferrett HL, Stein DJ, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Abnormal striatal circuitry and intensified novelty seeking among adolescents who abuse methamphetamine and cannabis. Dev Neurosci 2012; 34:310-7. [PMID: 22986770 PMCID: PMC3513364 DOI: 10.1159/000337724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that changes in striatal-mediated dopamine modulation during adolescence may increase the risk for initiating substance abuse as a result of its fundamental role in arbitrating reward sensitivity and motivation during learning and decision making. However, substance abuse during adolescence may also significantly modify striatal structure and function and concomitantly alter reward sensitivity and action control while this brain region is undergoing remodeling. In the present investigation, to assess the relationship of methamphetamine (Meth) or Meth and cannabis (CA) abuse to regional striatal morphology, we acquired structural magnetic resonance images, using a 3T Siemens Trio scanner, from three groups of adolescents composed of healthy controls (n = 10), Meth abusers (n = 9) and combined Meth and CA abusers (Meth+CA, n = 8). We also assessed novelty seeking using the novelty seeking subscale of Cloninger's Tridimensional Character Inventory. The results indicate that adolescent Meth+CA abusers have increased regional striatal volume and show intensified novelty seeking in contrast to the controls. The degree of Meth exposure was also positively correlated with regional striatal volume and novelty seeking in both the Meth and Meth+CA users. These preliminary findings support theories that propose a role for the striatum in adolescent substance abuse and further indicate that novelty seeking may be related to the initiation of, or sustained, drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Churchwell
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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37
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Churchwell JC, Lopez-Larson M, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Orbitofrontal cortex and neuromaturation: a gateway to risk? Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:664-5. [PMID: 22449263 PMCID: PMC3998837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Churchwell
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Melissa Lopez-Larson
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT,Correspondence: Dr. Deborah Yurgelun-Todd: The Brain Institute, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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38
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Sneider JT, Rogowska J, Sava S, Yurgelun-Todd DA. A Preliminary Study of Sex Differences in Brain Activation during a Spatial Navigation Task in Healthy Adults. Percept Mot Skills 2011; 113:461-80. [DOI: 10.2466/04.22.24.27.pms.113.5.461-480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a significant role in spatial memory processing, with sex differences being prominent on various spatial tasks. This study examined sex differences in healthy adults, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in areas implicated in spatial processing during navigation of a virtual analogue of the Morris water-maze. There were three conditions: learning, hidden, and visible control. There were no significant differences in performance measures. However, sex differences were found in regional brain activation during learning in the right hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and the cingulate cortex. During the hidden condition, the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and cingulate cortex were activated in both men and women. Additional brain areas involved in spatial processing may be recruited in women when learning information about the environment, by utilizing external cues (landmarks) more than do men, contributing to the observed sex differences in brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadwiga Rogowska
- McLean Hospital, Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Simona Sava
- Harvard South Shore Psychiatry Residency, Training Program, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
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39
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White RF, Palumbo CL, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Heaton KJ, Weihe P, Debes F, Grandjean P. Functional MRI approach to developmental methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyl neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:975-80. [PMID: 21545807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and early childhood exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are associated with deficits in cognitive, sensory, motor and other functions measured by neurobehavioral tests. The main objective of this pilot study was to determine whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is effective for visualization of brain function alterations related to neurobehavior in subjects with high prenatal exposure to the two neurotoxicants, MeHg and PCBs. Twelve adolescents (all boys) from a Faroese birth cohort assembled in 1986-1987 were recruited based on their prenatal exposures to MeHg and PCB. All underwent fMRI scanning during behavioral tasks at age 15 years. Subjects with high mixed exposure to MeHg and PCBs were compared to those with low mixed exposure on fMRI photic stimulation and a motor task. Boys with low mixed exposures showed patterns of fMRI activation during visual and motor tasks that are typical of normal control subjects. However, those with high exposures showed activation in more areas of the brain and different and wider patterns of activation than the low mixed exposure group. The brain activation patterns observed in association with increased exposures to MeHg and PCBs are meaningful in regard to the known neurotoxicity of these substances. This methodology therefore has potential utility in visualizing structural neural system determinants of exposure-induced neurobehavioral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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40
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Silveri MM, Jensen JE, Rosso IM, Sneider JT, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Preliminary evidence for white matter metabolite differences in marijuana-dependent young men using 2D J-resolved magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 4 Tesla. Psychiatry Res 2011; 191:201-11. [PMID: 21334181 PMCID: PMC3065822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic marijuana (MRJ) use is associated with altered cognition and mood state, altered brain metabolites, and functional and structural brain changes. The objective of this study was to apply proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to compare proton metabolite levels in 15 young men with MRJ dependence and 11 healthy non-using (NU) young men. Spectra were acquired at 4.0 Tesla using 2D J-resolved MRSI to resolve coupled resonances in J-space and to quantify the entire J-coupled spectral surface of metabolites from voxels containing basal ganglia and thalamus, temporal and parietal lobes, and occipital white and gray matter. This method permitted investigation of high-quality spectra for regression analyses to examine metabolites relative to tissue type. Distribution of myo-inositol (mI)/creatine (Cr) was altered in the MRJ group whereas the NU group exhibited higher mI/Cr in WM than GM, this pattern was not observed in MRJ subjects. Significant relationships observed between global mI/Cr and distribution in WM, and self-reported impulsivity and mood symptoms were also unique between MRJ and NU groups. These preliminary findings suggest that mI, and distribution of this glial metabolite in WM, is altered by MRJ use and is associated with behavioral and affective features reported by young MRJ-dependent men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M. Silveri
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding Author: Marisa M. Silveri, Ph.D., Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, Office: 617-855-2920, FAX: 617-855-2770,
| | - J. Eric Jensen
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle M. Rosso
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer T. Sneider
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hallahan B, Newell J, Soares JC, Brambilla P, Strakowski SM, Fleck DE, Kieseppä T, Altshuler LL, Fornito A, Malhi GS, McIntosh AM, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Labar KS, Sharma V, MacQueen GM, Murray RM, McDonald C. Structural magnetic resonance imaging in bipolar disorder: an international collaborative mega-analysis of individual adult patient data. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:326-35. [PMID: 21030008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is substantial inconsistency in results of brain structural magnetic resonance imaging studies in adult bipolar disorder. This is likely consequent upon limited statistical power of studies together with their clinical and methodological heterogeneity. The current study was undertaken to perform an international collaborative mega-analysis of regional volumetric measurements of individual patient and healthy subject data, to optimize statistical power, detect case-control differences, assess the association of psychotropic medication usage with brain structural variation, and detect other possible sources of heterogeneity. METHODS Eleven international research groups contributed published and unpublished data on 321 individuals with bipolar disorder I and 442 healthy subjects. We used linear mixed effects regression models to evaluate differences in brain structure between patient groups. RESULTS Individuals with bipolar disorder had increased right lateral ventricular, left temporal lobe, and right putamen volumes. Bipolar patients taking lithium displayed significantly increased hippocampal and amygdala volume compared with patients not treated with lithium and healthy comparison subjects. Cerebral volume reduction was significantly associated with illness duration in bipolar individuals. CONCLUSIONS The application of mega-analysis to bipolar disorder imaging identified lithium use and illness duration as substantial and consistent sources of heterogeneity, with lithium use associated with regionally specific increased brain volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hallahan
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors recently observed a correlation between state altitude and suicide rate in the United States, which could be explained by higher rates of gun ownership and lower population density in the intermountain West. The present study evaluated the relationship between mean county and state altitude in the United States and total age-adjusted suicide rates, firearm-related suicide rates, and non-firearm-related suicide rates. The authors hypothesized that altitude would be significantly associated with suicide rate. METHOD Elevation data were calculated with an approximate spatial resolution of 0.5 km, using zonal statistics on data sets compiled from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Suicide and population density data were obtained through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER database. Gun ownership data were obtained through the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was observed between age-adjusted suicide rate and county elevation (r=0.51). Firearm (r=0.41) and non-firearm suicide rates (r=0.32) were also positively correlated with mean county elevation. CONCLUSIONS When altitude, gun ownership, and population density are considered as predictor variables for suicide rates on a state basis, altitude appears to be a significant independent risk factor. This association may be related to the effects of metabolic stress associated with mild hypoxia in individuals with mood disorders.
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43
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Churchwell JC, Lopez-Larson M, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Altered frontal cortical volume and decision making in adolescent cannabis users. Front Psychol 2010; 1:225. [PMID: 21833280 PMCID: PMC3153830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticipating future outcomes is central to decision making and a failure to consider long-term consequences may lead to impulsive choices. Adolescence is a vulnerable period during which underdeveloped prefrontal cortical systems may contribute to poor judgment, impulsive choices, and substance abuse. Conversely, substance abuse during this period may alter neural systems involved in decision making and lead to greater impulsivity. Although a broad neural network which supports decision making undergoes extensive change during adolescent development, one region that may be critical is the medial prefrontal cortex. Altered functional integrity of this region may be specifically related to reward perception, substance abuse, and dependence. In the present investigation, we acquired structural magnetic resonance images (MRI), using a 3T Siemens Trio scanner, from 18 cannabis abusing adolescents (CA; 2 female and 16 male subjects; mean age, 17.7 years; range 16–19 years), and 18 healthy controls (HC; 6 female and 12 male subjects; mean age, 17.2 years; range 16–19 years). In order to measure medial orbital prefrontal cortex (moPFC) morphology related to substance abuse and impulsivity, semi-automated cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation of MRIs was performed with FreeSurfer. Impulsivity was evaluated with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Our results indicate that cannabis abusing adolescents have decreased right moPFC volume compared to controls, p = 0.01, d = 0.92, CI0.95 = 0.21, 1.59. Cannabis abusing adolescents also show decreased future orientation, as indexed by the BIS non-planning subscale, when compared to controls, p = 0.01, d = 0.89, CI0.95 = 0.23, 1.55. Moreover, total moPFC volume was positively correlated with age of first use r (18) = 0.49, p < 0.03, suggesting that alterations in this region may be related to initiation of cannabis use or that early initiation may lead to reduced moPFC volume.
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Silveri MM, Rogowska J, McCaffrey A, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Adolescents at risk for alcohol abuse demonstrate altered frontal lobe activation during Stroop performance. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 35:218-28. [PMID: 21073483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents, family history positive (FH+) for alcoholism, exhibit differences in brain structure and functional activation when compared to family history negative (FH-) counterparts. Given that frontal brain regions, and associated reciprocal connections with limbic structures, undergo the most dramatic maturational changes during adolescence, the objective of this study was to compare functional brain activation during a frontally mediated test of response inhibition in 32 adolescents separated into low-risk (FH-) and high-risk (FH+) groups. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) blood oxygen level-dependent data were acquired at 1.5 Tesla during performance of Stroop Color Naming, Word Reading, and Interference. Preprocessing and statistical analyses, covaried for age, were conducted in SPM99 using a search territory that included superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri (trigone region), anterior cingulate gyrus (CG), and left and right amygdala. RESULTS Significantly greater activation in the fronto-limbic search territory was observed in FH+ relative to FH- subjects during Stroop Interference. In addition, a significant regression between brain activation and family history density was observed, with a greater density being associated with increased activation in regions including middle frontal gyrus (BA9) and CG (BA24). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a significant influence of FH status on brain activation during the performance of a response inhibition task, perhaps reflecting a neurobiological vulnerability associated with FH status that may include reduced neuronal efficiency and/or recruitment of additional neuronal resources. These findings are important given that the adolescent developmental period is already associated with reduced inhibitory capacity, even prior to the onset of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Silveri
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA.
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45
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Hooley JM, Gruber SA, Parker HA, Guillaumot J, Rogowska J, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Neural processing of emotional overinvolvement in borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71:1017-24. [PMID: 20361894 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.07m03465blu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) fare better clinically if their families are rated as being high in emotional overinvolvement, which is characterized by marked emotionality, anxious concern, and protective behavior. This is not true of patients with disorders such as schizophrenia or major depression. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging methods to explore the link between emotional overinvolvement (EOI) and better clinical outcome in BPD. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that, unlike healthy controls or people with other psychiatric problems, people with BPD process EOI as an approach-related stimulus. METHOD Participants with BPD (n = 13) and dysthymia (n = 10) (DSM-IV criteria for both) and healthy controls (n = 11) were imaged using a high field strength (3T) scanner while they listened to a standardized auditory stimulus consisting of either 4 neutral or 4 EOI comments. Participants also rated their mood before and after exposure to the comments. RESULTS All participants reported increased negative mood after hearing EOI and rated the EOI comments as negative stimuli. However, after subtracting activation to neutral comments, participants with BPD showed higher activation in left prefrontal regions during EOI compared to the other groups. Increased left prefrontal activation during EOI was also correlated with clinical measures indicative of borderline pathology. Participants with dysthymia showed increased amygdala activation during EOI. This was not true for the healthy controls or participants with BPD. CONCLUSIONS For people with BPD, EOI may be activating neural circuitry implicated in the processing of approach-related stimuli. Increased left prefrontal activation to EOI may be a vulnerability marker for BPD. These findings may also help explain why BPD patients do better clinically in high EOI family environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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46
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Killgore WDS, Yurgelun-Todd DA. The right-hemisphere and valence hypotheses: could they both be right (and sometimes left)? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2010; 2:240-50. [PMID: 18985144 PMCID: PMC2569811 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsm020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two halves of the brain are believed to play different roles in emotional processing, but the specific contribution of each hemisphere continues to be debated. The right-hemisphere hypothesis suggests that the right cerebrum is dominant for processing all emotions regardless of affective valence, whereas the valence specific hypothesis posits that the left hemisphere is specialized for processing positive affect while the right hemisphere is specialized for negative affect. Here, healthy participants viewed two split visual-field facial affect perception tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging, one presenting chimeric happy faces (i.e. half happy/half neutral) and the other presenting identical sad chimera (i.e. half sad/half neutral), each masked immediately by a neutral face. Results suggest that the posterior right hemisphere is generically activated during non-conscious emotional face perception regardless of affective valence, although greater activation is produced by negative facial cues. The posterior left hemisphere was generally less activated by emotional faces, but also appeared to recruit bilateral anterior brain regions in a valence-specific manner. Findings suggest simultaneous operation of aspects of both hypotheses, suggesting that these two rival theories may not actually be in opposition, but may instead reflect different facets of a complex distributed emotion processing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D S Killgore
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Killgore WDS, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Cerebral Correlates of Amygdala Responses During Non-Conscious Perception of Facial Affect in Adolescent and Pre-Adolescent Children. Cogn Neurosci 2010; 1:33-43. [PMID: 20200600 DOI: 10.1080/17588920903243957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During nonconscious perception of facial affect, healthy adults commonly activate a right-lateralized pathway comprising the superior colliculus, pulvinar, and amygdala. Whether this system is fully developed prior to adulthood is unknown. Twenty-three healthy adolescents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing fearful, angry, and happy faces, backward masked by neutral faces. Left amygdala activation differed among the three affects, showing reductions to masked anger and increases to masked fear and happy faces. During masked fear, left amygdala activation correlated positively with extrastriate cortex and temporal poles and negatively with precuneus and middle cingulate gyrus. Responses of the left amygdala to masked anger correlated positively with right parahippocampal gyrus and negatively with dorsal anterior cingulate. Amygdala responses to masked happy faces were uncorrelated with other brain regions. Contrary to the right-lateralized pathway seen in adults, adolescents show evidence of a predominantly left-lateralized extrastriate pathway during masked presentations of facial affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D S Killgore
- Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
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48
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Killgore WDS, Ross AJ, Kamiya T, Kawada Y, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Citicoline affects appetite and cortico-limbic responses to images of high-calorie foods. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:6-13. [PMID: 19260039 PMCID: PMC3378241 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) has a variety of cognitive enhancing, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative properties. In cocaine-addicted individuals, citicoline has been shown to increase brain dopamine levels and reduce cravings. The effects of this compound on appetite, food cravings, and brain responses to food are unknown. METHOD We compared the effects of treatment with Cognizin citicoline (500 mg/day versus 2,000 mg/day) for 6 weeks on changes in appetite ratings, weight, and cortico-limbic responses to images of high-calorie foods using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RESULTS After 6 weeks, there was no significant change in weight status, although significant declines in appetite ratings were observed for the 2,000 mg/day group. The higher dose group also showed significant increases in functional brain responses to food stimuli within the amygdala, insula, and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Increased activation in these regions correlated with declines in appetite ratings. DISCUSSION These preliminary findings suggest a potential usefulness of citicoline in modulating appetite, but further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. S. Killgore
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to William D. “Scott” Killgore, Ph.D., McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478. Phone: (617) 855-3166 Fax: (617) 877-2770
| | - Amy J. Ross
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshi Kamiya
- Healthcare Products Development Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Yoko Kawada
- Healthcare Products Development Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
More than 94 million Americans have tried marijuana, and it remains the most widely used illicit drug in the nation. Investigations of the cognitive effects of marijuana report alterations in brain function during tasks requiring executive control, including inhibition and decision-making. Endogenous cannabinoids regulate a variety of emotional responses, including anxiety, mood control, and aggression; nevertheless, little is known about smokers' responses to affective stimuli. The anterior cingulate and amygdala play key roles in the inhibition of impulsive behavior and affective regulation, and studies using PET and fMRI have demonstrated changes within these regions in marijuana smokers. Given alterations in mood and perception often observed in smokers, we hypothesized altered fMRI patterns of response in 15 chronic heavy marijuana smokers relative to 15 non-marijuana smoking control subjects during the viewing of masked happy and fearful faces. Despite no between-group differences on clinical or demographic measures, smokers demonstrated a relative decrease in both anterior cingulate and amygdalar activity during masked affective stimuli compared to controls, who showed relative increases in activation within these regions during the viewing of masked faces. Findings indicate that chronic heavy marijuana smokers demonstrate altered activation of frontal and limbic systems while viewing masked faces, consistent with autoradiographic studies reporting high CB-1 receptor density in these regions. These data suggest differences in affective processing in chronic smokers, even when stimuli are presented below the level of conscious processing, and underscore the likelihood that marijuana smokers process emotional information differently from those who do not smoke, which may result in negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci A Gruber
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Haws CA, Gray DD, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Moskos M, Meyer LJ, Renshaw PF. The possible effect of altitude on regional variation in suicide rates. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:587-90. [PMID: 19581053 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, suicide rates consistently vary among geographic regions; the western states have significantly higher suicide rates than the eastern states. The reason for this variation is unknown but may be due to regional elevation differences. States' suicide rates (1990-1994), when adjusted for potentially confounding demographic variables, are positively correlated with their peak and capital elevations. These findings indicate that decreased oxygen saturation at high altitude may exacerbate the bioenergetic dysfunction associated with affective illnesses. Should such a link exist, therapies traditionally used to treat the metabolic disturbances associated with altitude sickness may have a role in treating those at risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Haws
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
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