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Mikryukov V, Dulya O, Zizka A, Bahram M, Hagh-Doust N, Anslan S, Prylutskyi O, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Nilsson H, Pärn J, Öpik M, Moora M, Zobel M, Espenberg M, Mander Ü, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco-Palacios AM, Saitta A, Rinaldi A, Verbeken A, Sulistyo B, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Duarte Ritter C, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Gohar D, Klavina D, Sharmah D, Dai DQ, Nouhra E, Biersma EM, Rähn E, Cameron E, De Crop E, Otsing E, Davydov E, Albornoz F, Brearley F, Buegger F, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Barrio I, Heilmann-Clausen J, Ankuda J, Doležal J, Kupagme J, Maciá-Vicente J, Djeugap Fovo J, Geml J, Alatalo J, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan Issifou K, Armolaitis K, Hyde K, Newsham KK, Panksep K, Lateef AA, Hansson L, Lamit L, Saba M, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Piepenbring M, Wijayawardene NN, Yorou N, Kurina O, Mortimer P, Meidl P, Kohout P, Puusepp R, Drenkhan R, Garibay-Orijel R, Godoy R, Alkahtani S, Rahimlou S, Dudov S, Põlme S, Ghosh S, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel T, Roslin T, Nteziryayo V, Fedosov V, Onipchenko V, Yasanthika WAE, Lim Y, Van Nuland M, Soudzilovskaia N, Antonelli A, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K, Tedersoo L. Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj8016. [PMID: 38019923 PMCID: PMC10686567 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mikryukov
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Olesya Dulya
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Niloufar Hagh-Doust
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Oleh Prylutskyi
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, School of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’ and Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - Henrik Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | | | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Ahto Agan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Aída-M. Vasco-Palacios
- Grupo de BioMicro y Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiologia, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy
| | | | - Bobby Sulistyo
- Department Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Boris Tamgnoue
- Department of Crop Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Brendan Furneaux
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | | | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye 10071, Botswana
| | - Cathy Sharp
- Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - César Marín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad SantoTomás, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniyal Gohar
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Darta Klavina
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Salaspils 2169, Latvia
| | - Dipon Sharmah
- Department of Botany, Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya, Pondicherry University, Port Blair 744101, India
| | - Dong-Qin Dai
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Elisabeth Machteld Biersma
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen 1123, Denmark
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Elisabeth Rähn
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Erin Cameron
- Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Eske De Crop
- Department Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eveli Otsing
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | | | - Felipe Albornoz
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Wembley 6014, Australia
| | - Francis Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Franz Buegger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Zahn
- Biology Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-6254, USA
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Isabel Barrio
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík 112, Iceland
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Jelena Ankuda
- Vokė branch, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Vilnius LT-02232, Lithuania
| | - Jiri Doležal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - John Kupagme
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Jose Maciá-Vicente
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708, Netherlands
| | | | - József Geml
- ELKH-EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger 3300, Hungary
| | - Juha Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Kadri Runnel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Kari-Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Kassim Tchan Issifou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, University of Parakou, Parakou 00229, Benin
| | - Kęstutis Armolaitis
- Department of Silviculture and Ecology, Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Girionys 53101, Lithuania
| | - Kevin Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin K. Newsham
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Kristel Panksep
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Adebola Azeez Lateef
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240102, Nigeria
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Linda Hansson
- Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable Development, Gothenburg 41133, Sweden
| | - Louis Lamit
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse 13244, USA
| | - Malka Saba
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Working Group, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawardene
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Nourou Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, University of Parakou, Parakou 00229, Benin
| | - Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Peter Mortimer
- Center For Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Peter Meidl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rasmus Puusepp
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Roberto Garibay-Orijel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Sergey Dudov
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Terry Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Vincent Nteziryayo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Burundi, Bujumbura Burundi
| | - Vladimir Fedosov
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vladimir Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | | | - Young Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Michael Van Nuland
- Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | | | | | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Krah FS, Cornwell WK, Zanne AE, Abrego N, Anderson IC, Andrew CJ, Baldrian P, Bässler C, Bissett A, Chaudhary VB, Chen B, Chen Y, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Deveautour C, Egidi E, Flores-Moreno H, Golan J, Heilmann-Clausen J, Hempel S, Hu Y, Kauserud H, Kivlin SN, Kohout P, Lammel DR, Maestre FT, Pringle A, Purhonen J, Singh BK, Veresoglou SD, Větrovský T, Zhang H, Rillig MC, Powell JR. Symbiotic status alters fungal eco-evolutionary offspring trajectories. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1523-1534. [PMID: 37330626 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite host-fungal symbiotic interactions being ubiquitous in all ecosystems, understanding how symbiosis has shaped the ecology and evolution of fungal spores that are involved in dispersal and colonization of their hosts has been ignored in life-history studies. We assembled a spore morphology database covering over 26,000 species of free-living to symbiotic fungi of plants, insects and humans and found more than eight orders of variation in spore size. Evolutionary transitions in symbiotic status correlated with shifts in spore size, but the strength of this effect varied widely among phyla. Symbiotic status explained more variation than climatic variables in the current distribution of spore sizes of plant-associated fungi at a global scale while the dispersal potential of their spores is more restricted compared to free-living fungi. Our work advances life-history theory by highlighting how the interaction between symbiosis and offspring morphology shapes the reproductive and dispersal strategies among living forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Franz-Sebastian Krah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Conservation Biology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - William K Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Center, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carrie J Andrew
- Biology Department, Oberlin College & Conservatory, Oberlin, Ohio, USA
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Bässler
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Conservation Biology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrew Bissett
- Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - V Bala Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun). Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Coline Deveautour
- AGHYLE Research Unit, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jacob Golan
- Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yajun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, China
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Evogene, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie N Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Petr Kohout
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel R Lammel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante, Spain
| | - Anne Pringle
- Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jenna Purhonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Ševčíková H, Malysheva EF, Antonín V, Borovička J, Dovana F, Ferisin G, Eyssartier G, Grootmyers D, Heilmann-Clausen J, Kalichman J, Kaygusuz O, Lebeuf R, Muñoz González G, Minnis AM, Russell SD, Saar I, Nielsen IB, Frøslev TG, Justo A. Holarctic Species in the Pluteus podospileus Clade: Description of Six New Species and Reassessment of Old Names. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:898. [PMID: 37755006 PMCID: PMC10532425 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the taxonomy of Pluteus podospileus and similar species using morphological and molecular (nrITS, TEF1-α) data, including a detailed study of the type collections of P. inflatus var. alneus, Pluteus minutissimus f. major, and P. granulatus var. tenellus. Within the P. podospileus complex, we phylogenetically confirmed six species in Europe, five in Asia, and eight in North America. Based on our results, we recognize P. seticeps as a separate species occurring in North America, while P. podospileus is limited to Eurasia. We describe six new species and a new variety: P. absconditus, P. fuscodiscus, P. gausapatus, P. inexpectatus, P. millsii, and P. notabilis and its variety, P. notabilis var. insignis. We elevate Pluteus seticeps var. cystidiosus to species rank as Pluteus cystidiosus. Based on the holotype of P. inflatus var. alneus, collections of P. inflatus identified by Velenovský, and several modern collections, we resurrect the name P. inflatus. Based on molecular analyses of syntypes of Pluteus minutissimus f. major and a holotype of Pluteus granulatus var. tenellus, we synonymize them under P. inflatus. We also increase our knowledge about the morphology and distribution of P. cutefractus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ševčíková
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Vladimír Antonín
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Francesco Dovana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ferisin
- Associazione Micologica Bassa Friulana, Via Vespucci 7, 33052 Cervignano del Friuli, Italy
| | - Guillaume Eyssartier
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205–MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles), 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Django Grootmyers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kalichman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Oğuzhan Kaygusuz
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Atabey Vocational School, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32670 Isparta, Turkey;
| | - Renée Lebeuf
- 775, Rang du Rapide Nord, Saint-Casimir, QC G0A 3L0, Canada;
| | | | - Andrew M. Minnis
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Seattle Plant Inspection Station, 835 S. 192nd St., Suite 1600, SeaTac, WA 98148, USA
| | | | - Irja Saar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Ida Broman Nielsen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Tobias Guldberg Frøslev
- Section for Geogenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Alfredo Justo
- New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Ave., Saint John, NB E2K 1E5, Canada
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4
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Picek L, Šulc M, Matas J, Heilmann-Clausen J, Jeppesen TS, Lind E. Automatic Fungi Recognition: Deep Learning Meets Mycology. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22020633. [PMID: 35062595 PMCID: PMC8779018 DOI: 10.3390/s22020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The article presents an AI-based fungi species recognition system for a citizen-science community. The system's real-time identification too - FungiVision - with a mobile application front-end, led to increased public interest in fungi, quadrupling the number of citizens collecting data. FungiVision, deployed with a human-in-the-loop, reaches nearly 93% accuracy. Using the collected data, we developed a novel fine-grained classification dataset - Danish Fungi 2020 (DF20) - with several unique characteristics: species-level labels, a small number of errors, and rich observation metadata. The dataset enables the testing of the ability to improve classification using metadata, e.g., time, location, habitat and substrate, facilitates classifier calibration testing and finally allows the study of the impact of the device settings on the classification performance. The continual flow of labelled data supports improvements of the online recognition system. Finally, we present a novel method for the fungi recognition service, based on a Vision Transformer architecture. Trained on DF20 and exploiting available metadata, it achieves a recognition error that is 46.75% lower than the current system. By providing a stream of labeled data in one direction, and an accuracy increase in the other, the collaboration creates a virtuous cycle helping both communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Picek
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: or
| | - Milan Šulc
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16636 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiří Matas
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16636 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Š.); (J.M.)
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.H.-C.); (E.L.)
| | | | - Emil Lind
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.H.-C.); (E.L.)
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5
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Tedersoo L, Mikryukov V, Anslan S, Bahram M, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco-Palacios AM, Saitta A, Antonelli A, Rinaldi AC, Verbeken A, Sulistyo BP, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Ritter CD, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Dai DQ, Gohar D, Sharmah D, Biersma EM, Cameron EK, De Crop E, Otsing E, Davydov EA, Albornoz FE, Brearley FQ, Buegger F, Gates G, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Hiiesalu I, Zettur I, Barrio IC, Pärn J, Heilmann-Clausen J, Ankuda J, Kupagme JY, Sarapuu J, Maciá-Vicente JG, Fovo JD, Geml J, Alatalo JM, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Monkai J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan KI, Armolaitis K, Hyde KD, Newsham KK, Panksep K, Adebola LA, Lamit LJ, Saba M, da Silva Cáceres ME, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Bálint M, Wijayawardene N, Hagh-Doust N, Yorou NS, Kurina O, Mortimer PE, Meidl P, Nilsson RH, Puusepp R, Casique-Valdés R, Drenkhan R, Garibay-Orijel R, Godoy R, Alfarraj S, Rahimlou S, Põlme S, Dudov SV, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel TW, Roslin T, Fedosov VE, Onipchenko VG, Yasanthika WAE, Lim YW, Piepenbring M, Klavina D, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. The Global Soil Mycobiome consortium dataset for boosting fungal diversity research. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Moll J, Roy F, Bässler C, Heilmann-Clausen J, Hofrichter M, Kellner H, Krabel D, Schmidt JH, Buscot F, Hoppe B. First Evidence That Nematode Communities in Deadwood Are Related to Tree Species Identity and to Co-Occurring Fungi and Prokaryotes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071454. [PMID: 34361890 PMCID: PMC8304250 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematodes represent a diverse and ubiquitous group of metazoans in terrestrial environments. They feed on bacteria, fungi, plants, other nematodes or parasitize a variety of animals and hence may be considered as active members of many food webs. Deadwood is a structural component of forest ecosystems which harbors many niches for diverse biota. As fungi and bacteria are among the most prominent decomposing colonizers of deadwood, we anticipated frequent and diverse nematode populations to co-occur in such ecosystems. However, knowledge about their ability to colonize this habitat is still limited. We applied DNA-based amplicon sequencing (metabarcoding) of the 18S rRNA gene to analyze nematode communities in sapwood and heartwood of decaying logs from 13 different tree species. We identified 247 nematode ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) from 27 families. Most of these identified families represent bacterial and fungal feeders. Their composition strongly depended on tree species identity in both wood compartments. While pH and water content were the only wood properties that contributed to nematodes' distribution, co-occurring fungal and prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) α- and β-diversities were significantly related to nematode communities. By exploring thirteen different tree species, which exhibit a broad range of wood characteristics, this study provides first and comprehensive insights into nematode diversity in deadwood of temperate forests and indicates connectivity to other wood-inhabiting organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moll
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (F.R.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Friederike Roy
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (F.R.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Forest Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01737 Tharandt, Germany;
| | - Claus Bässler
- Department of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Department of Research, National Park Bavarian Forest, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Technische Universität Dresden, IHI Zittau, 02763 Zittau, Germany; (M.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Harald Kellner
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Technische Universität Dresden, IHI Zittau, 02763 Zittau, Germany; (M.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Doris Krabel
- Institute of Forest Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01737 Tharandt, Germany;
| | - Jan Henrik Schmidt
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (F.R.); (F.B.)
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle—Jena—Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn Hoppe
- Institute for National and International Plant Health, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (B.H.)
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7
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Eberle J, Husemann M, Doerfler I, Ulrich W, Müller J, Bouget C, Brin A, Gossner MM, Heilmann-Clausen J, Isacsson G, Krištín A, Lachat T, Larrieu L, Rigling A, Schmidl J, Seibold S, Vandekerkhove K, Habel JC. Molecular biogeography of the fungus-dwelling saproxylic beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus indicates rapid expansion from glacial refugia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The geographical distributions of species associated with European temperate broadleaf forests have been significantly influenced by glacial–interglacial cycles. During glacial periods, these species persisted in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean refugia and later, during interglacial periods, expanded northwards. The widespread saproxylic beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus depends closely on European temperate broadleaf forests. It usually develops in the tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius, a major decomposer of broadleaf-wood. We sampled B. reticulatus in sporocarps from European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) across Europe and the Caucasus region. We analysed mitochondrial gene sequences (cox1, cox2, cob) and 17 microsatellites to reconstruct the geographical distribution of glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization pathways. We found only marginal genetic differentiation of B. reticulatus, except for a significant split between populations of the Caucasus region and Europe. This indicates the existence of past refugia south of the Great Caucasus, and a contact zone with European populations in the Crimean region. Further potential refugia might have been located at the foothills of the Pyrenees and in the Balkan region. Our genetic data suggest a phalanx-wise recolonization of Europe, a reflection of the high mobility of B. reticulatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eberle
- Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Husemann
- Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inken Doerfler
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Christophe Bouget
- INRAE, ‘Forest Ecosystems’ Research Unit, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - Antoine Brin
- Engineering School of PURPAN, UMR 1201 Dynafor INRAE-INPT, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thibault Lachat
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Larrieu
- University of Toulouse, INRAE, UMR DYNAFOR, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNPF-CRPF Occitanie, Tarbes, France
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schmidl
- Ecology Group, Department Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
| | | | - Jan Christian Habel
- Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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8
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Svenningsen CS, Frøslev TG, Bladt J, Pedersen LB, Larsen JC, Ejrnæs R, Fløjgaard C, Hansen AJ, Heilmann-Clausen J, Dunn RR, Tøttrup AP. Detecting flying insects using car nets and DNA metabarcoding. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200833. [PMID: 33784872 PMCID: PMC8086955 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring insects across space and time is challenging, due to their vast taxonomic and functional diversity. This study demonstrates how nets mounted on rooftops of cars (car nets) and DNA metabarcoding can be applied to sample flying insect richness and diversity across large spatial scales within a limited time period. During June 2018, 365 car net samples were collected by 151 volunteers during two daily time intervals on 218 routes in Denmark. Insect bulk samples were processed with a DNA metabarcoding protocol to estimate taxonomic composition, and the results were compared to known flying insect richness and occurrence data. Insect and hoverfly richness and diversity were assessed across biogeographic regions and dominant land cover types. We detected 15 out of 19 flying insect orders present in Denmark, with high proportions of especially Diptera compared to Danish estimates, and lower insect richness and diversity in urbanized areas. We detected 319 species not known for Denmark and 174 species assessed in the Danish Red List. Our results indicate that the methodology can assess the flying insect fauna at large spatial scales to a wide extent, but may be, like other methods, biased towards certain insect orders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesper Bladt
- Department of Bioscience-Biodiversity and Conservation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Bruhn Pedersen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Colling Larsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ejrnæs
- Department of Bioscience-Biodiversity and Conservation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Fløjgaard
- Department of Bioscience-Biodiversity and Conservation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anders P Tøttrup
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Krah FS, Büntgen U, Schaefer H, Müller J, Andrew C, Boddy L, Diez J, Egli S, Freckleton R, Gange AC, Halvorsen R, Heegaard E, Heideroth A, Heibl C, Heilmann-Clausen J, Høiland K, Kar R, Kauserud H, Kirk PM, Kuyper TW, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Norden J, Papastefanou P, Senn-Irlet B, Bässler C. European mushroom assemblages are darker in cold climates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2890. [PMID: 31253790 PMCID: PMC6599080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal melanism theory states that dark-colored ectotherm organisms are at an advantage at low temperature due to increased warming. This theory is generally supported for ectotherm animals, however, the function of colors in the fungal kingdom is largely unknown. Here, we test whether the color lightness of mushroom assemblages is related to climate using a dataset of 3.2 million observations of 3,054 species across Europe. Consistent with the thermal melanism theory, mushroom assemblages are significantly darker in areas with cold climates. We further show differences in color phenotype between fungal lifestyles and a lifestyle differentiated response to seasonality. These results indicate a more complex ecological role of mushroom colors and suggest functions beyond thermal adaption. Because fungi play a crucial role in terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycles, understanding the links between the thermal environment, functional coloration and species' geographical distributions will be critical in predicting ecosystem responses to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Sebastian Krah
- Plant Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany.
- Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481, Grafenau, Germany.
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
- Research Unit Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Global Change Research Centre and Masaryk University, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hanno Schaefer
- Plant Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Carrie Andrew
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lynne Boddy
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jeffrey Diez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Simon Egli
- Research Unit Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Robert Freckleton
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alan C Gange
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Rune Halvorsen
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Heegaard
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 5244, Fana, Norway
| | - Antje Heideroth
- Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
- Ecology Research Group, Department of Biology, Philipps Uuniversity Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Høiland
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ritwika Kar
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul M Kirk
- Mycology Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber
- Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenni Norden
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Phillip Papastefanou
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Beatrice Senn-Irlet
- Research Unit Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481, Grafenau, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Terrestrial Ecology, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Zamora JC, Svensson M, Kirschner R, Olariaga I, Ryman S, Parra LA, Geml J, Rosling A, Adamčík S, Ahti T, Aime MC, Ainsworth AM, Albert L, Albertó E, García AA, Ageev D, Agerer R, Aguirre-Hudson B, Ammirati J, Andersson H, Angelini C, Antonín V, Aoki T, Aptroot A, Argaud D, Sosa BIA, Aronsen A, Arup U, Asgari B, Assyov B, Atienza V, Bandini D, Baptista-Ferreira JL, Baral HO, Baroni T, Barreto RW, Beker H, Bell A, Bellanger JM, Bellù F, Bemmann M, Bendiksby M, Bendiksen E, Bendiksen K, Benedek L, Bérešová-Guttová A, Berger F, Berndt R, Bernicchia A, Biketova AY, Bizio E, Bjork C, Boekhout T, Boertmann D, Böhning T, Boittin F, Boluda CG, Boomsluiter MW, Borovička J, Brandrud TE, Braun U, Brodo I, Bulyonkova T, Burdsall HH, Buyck B, Burgaz AR, Calatayud V, Callac P, Campo E, Candusso M, Capoen B, Carbó J, Carbone M, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Castellano MA, Chen J, Clerc P, Consiglio G, Corriol G, Courtecuisse R, Crespo A, Cripps C, Crous PW, da Silva GA, da Silva M, Dam M, Dam N, Dämmrich F, Das K, Davies L, De Crop E, De Kesel A, De Lange R, De Madrignac Bonzi B, dela Cruz TEE, Delgat L, Demoulin V, Desjardin DE, Diederich P, Dima B, Dios MM, Divakar PK, Douanla-Meli C, Douglas B, Drechsler-Santos ER, Dyer PS, Eberhardt U, Ertz D, Esteve-Raventós F, Salazar JAE, Evenson V, Eyssartier G, Farkas E, Favre A, Fedosova AG, Filippa M, Finy P, Flakus A, Fos S, Fournier J, Fraiture A, Franchi P, Molano AEF, Friebes G, Frisch A, Fryday A, Furci G, Márquez RG, Garbelotto M, García-Martín JM, Otálora MAG, Sánchez DG, Gardiennet A, Garnica S, Benavent IG, Gates G, da Cruz Lima Gerlach A, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Gibertoni TB, Grebenc T, Greilhuber I, Grishkan B, Groenewald JZ, Grube M, Gruhn G, Gueidan C, Gulden G, Gusmão LFP, Hafellner J, Hairaud M, Halama M, Hallenberg N, Halling RE, Hansen K, Harder CB, Heilmann-Clausen J, Helleman S, Henriot A, Hernandez-Restrepo M, Herve R, Hobart C, Hoffmeister M, Høiland K, Holec J, Holien H, Hughes K, Hubka V, Huhtinen S, Ivančević B, Jagers M, Jaklitsch W, Jansen A, Jayawardena RS, Jeppesen TS, Jeppson M, Johnston P, Jørgensen PM, Kärnefelt I, Kalinina LB, Kantvilas G, Karadelev M, Kasuya T, Kautmanová I, Kerrigan RW, Kirchmair M, Kiyashko A, Knapp DG, Knudsen H, Knudsen K, Knutsson T, Kolařík M, Kõljalg U, Košuthová A, Koszka A, Kotiranta H, Kotkova V, Koukol O, Kout J, Kovács GM, Kříž M, Kruys Å, Kučera V, Kudzma L, Kuhar F, Kukwa M, Arun Kumar TK, Kunca V, Kušan I, Kuyper TW, Lado C, Læssøe T, Lainé P, Langer E, Larsson E, Larsson KH, Laursen G, Lechat C, Lee S, Lendemer JC, Levin L, Lindemann U, Lindström H, Liu X, Hernandez RCL, Llop E, Locsmándi C, Lodge DJ, Loizides M, Lőkös L, Luangsa-ard J, Lüderitz M, Lumbsch T, Lutz M, Mahoney D, Malysheva E, Malysheva V, Manimohan P, Marin-Felix Y, Marques G, Martínez-Gil R, Marson G, Mata G, Matheny PB, Mathiassen GH, Matočec N, Mayrhofer H, Mehrabi M, Melo I, Mešić A, Methven AS, Miettinen O, Romero AMM, Miller AN, Mitchell JK, Moberg R, Moreau PA, Moreno G, Morozova O, Morte A, Muggia L, González GM, Myllys L, Nagy I, Nagy LG, Neves MA, Niemelä T, Nimis PL, Niveiro N, Noordeloos ME, Nordin A, Noumeur SR, Novozhilov Y, Nuytinck J, Ohenoja E, Fiuza PO, Orange A, Ordynets A, Ortiz-Santana B, Pacheco L, Pál-Fám F, Palacio M, Palice Z, Papp V, Pärtel K, Pawlowska J, Paz A, Peintner U, Pennycook S, Pereira OL, Daniëls PP, Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella MÀ, del Amo CMP, Gorjón SP, Pérez-Ortega S, Pérez-Vargas I, Perry BA, Petersen JH, Petersen RH, Pfister DH, Phukhamsakda C, Piątek M, Piepenbring M, Pino-Bodas R, Esquivel JPP, Pirot P, Popov ES, Popoff O, Álvaro MP, Printzen C, Psurtseva N, Purahong W, Quijada L, Rambold G, Ramírez NA, Raja H, Raspé O, Raymundo T, Réblová M, Rebriev YA, de Dios Reyes García J, Ripoll MÁR, Richard F, Richardson MJ, Rico VJ, Robledo GL, Barbosa FR, Rodriguez-Caycedo C, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Ronikier A, Casas LR, Rusevska K, Saar G, Saar I, Salcedo I, Martínez SMS, Montoya CAS, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Sandoval-Sierra JV, Santamaria S, Monteiro JS, Schroers HJ, Schulz B, Schmidt-Stohn G, Schumacher T, Senn-Irlet B, Ševčíková H, Shchepin O, Shirouzu T, Shiryaev A, Siepe K, Sir EB, Sohrabi M, Soop K, Spirin V, Spribille T, Stadler M, Stalpers J, Stenroos S, Suija A, Sunhede S, Svantesson S, Svensson S, Svetasheva TY, Świerkosz K, Tamm H, Taskin H, Taudière A, Tedebrand JO, Lahoz RT, Temina M, Thell A, Thines M, Thor G, Thüs H, Tibell L, Tibell S, Timdal E, Tkalčec Z, Tønsberg T, Trichies G, Triebel D, Tsurykau A, Tulloss RE, Tuovinen V, Sosa MU, Urcelay C, Valade F, Garza RV, van den Boom P, Van Vooren N, Vasco-Palacios AM, Vauras J, Velasco Santos JM, Vellinga E, Verbeken A, Vetlesen P, Vizzini A, Voglmayr H, Volobuev S, von Brackel W, Voronina E, Walther G, Watling R, Weber E, Wedin M, Weholt Ø, Westberg M, Yurchenko E, Zehnálek P, Zhang H, Zhurbenko MP, Ekman S. Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa. IMA Fungus 2018; 9:167-175. [PMID: 30018877 PMCID: PMC6048565 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Zamora
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Måns Svensson
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ibai Olariaga
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Svengunnar Ryman
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - József Geml
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332AA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Rosling
- Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Andrew C, Heegaard E, Høiland K, Senn-Irlet B, Kuyper TW, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Kirk PM, Heilmann-Clausen J, Gange AC, Egli S, Bässler C, Büntgen U, Boddy L, Kauserud H. Explaining European fungal fruiting phenology with climate variability. Ecology 2018; 99:1306-1315. [PMID: 29655179 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude, and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation, and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters. We used a path analysis to investigate how biogeographic patterns in fungal fruiting phenology coincided with seasonal changes in climate and primary production. Across central to northern Europe, mean fruiting varied by approximately 25 d, primarily with latitude. Altitude affected fruiting by up to 30 d, with spring delays and autumnal accelerations. Fruiting was as much explained by the effects of bioclimatic variability as by their large-scale spatial patterns. Temperature drove fruiting of autumnal ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic groups as well as spring saprotrophic groups, while primary production and precipitation were major drivers for spring-fruiting ectomycorrhizal fungi. Species-specific phenology predictors were not stable, instead deviating from the overall mean. There is significant likelihood that further climatic change, especially in temperature, will impact fungal phenology patterns at large spatial scales. The ecological implications are diverse, potentially affecting food webs (asynchrony), nutrient cycling and the timing of nutrient availability in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Andrew
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, United Kingdom.,Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE), University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Heegaard
- Forestry and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Fanaflaten 4, N-5244, Fana, Norway
| | - Klaus Høiland
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE), University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul M Kirk
- Mycology Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alan C Gange
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Egli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Street 2, D-94481, Grafenau, Germany.,Chair for Terrestrial Ecology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, United Kingdom.,Global Change Research Centre, Masaryk University, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lynne Boddy
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EVOGENE), University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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Calhim S, Halme P, Petersen JH, Læssøe T, Bässler C, Heilmann-Clausen J. Fungal spore diversity reflects substrate-specific deposition challenges. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5356. [PMID: 29599480 PMCID: PMC5876365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual spores are important for the dispersal and population dynamics of fungi. They show remarkable morphological diversity, but the underlying forces driving spore evolution are poorly known. We investigated whether trophic status and substrate associations are associated with morphology in 787 macrofungal genera. We show that both spore size and ornamentation are associated with trophic specialization, so that large and ornamented spores are more probable in ectomycorrhizal than in saprotrophic genera. This suggests that spore ornamentation facilitates attachment to arthropod vectors, which ectomycorrhizal species may need to reach lower soil layers. Elongated spore shapes are more common in saprotrophic taxa, and genera associated with above ground substrates are more likely to have allantoid (curved elongated) spores, probably to lower the risk of wash out by precipitation. Overall, our results suggest that safe arrival on specific substrates is a more important driver of evolution in spore morphology than dispersal per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calhim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Panu Halme
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Jens H Petersen
- Æbletoften, Nøruplundvej 2, Tirstrup, DK-8400, Ebeltoft, Denmark
| | - Thomas Læssøe
- Natural History Museum of Denmark/Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Bässler
- Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
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Fløjgaard C, Bruun HH, Hansen MDD, Heilmann-Clausen J, Svenning JC, Ejrnaes R. Are ungulates in forests concerns or key species for conservation and biodiversity? Reply to Boulanger et al. (DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13899). Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:869-871. [PMID: 29271546 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing species richness of light demanding species in forests may not be a conservation concern if we accept a macroecological and evolutionary baseline for biodiversity. Most of the current biodiversity in Europe has evolved in the Pleistocene or earlier, and in ecosystems markedly influenced by dynamic natural processes, including grazing. Many threatened species are associated with high-light forest environments such as forest glades and edges, as these have strongly declined at least partially due to the decline of large herbivores in European forests. Hence, moderate grazing in forests should be an ecological baseline and conservation target rather than a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fløjgaard
- Section for Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ejrnaes
- Section for Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark
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Heilmann-Clausen J, Christensen M, Frøslev T, Kjøller R. Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia 2017; 38:38-57. [PMID: 29151626 PMCID: PMC5645187 DOI: 10.3767/003158517x693174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on molecular and morphological data we investigated the taxonomy and phylogeny of the ectomycorrhizal genus Tricholoma in northern Europe. Our phylogenetic tree confirmed the presence of at least 72 well circumscribed species within the region. Of these, three species, viz. T. boreosulphurescens, T. bryogenum and T. ilkkae are described as new to science, based on morphological, distributional, ecological and molecular data. Several other terminal branches represent putative cryptic taxa nested within classical species or species groups. Molecular type studies and/or designation of sequenced neotypes are needed in these groups, before the taxonomy can be settled. In general our phylogenetic analysis supported previous suprageneric classification systems, but with some substantial changes. Most notably, T. virgatum and allies were found to belong to sect. Tricholoma rather than sect. Atrosquamosa, while T. focale was found to be clearly nested in sect. Genuina rather than in sect. Caligata. In total, ten sections are accepted, with five species remaining unassigned. The combination of morphological and molecular data showed pileus colour, pileipellis structure, presence of clamp connections and spore size to be rather conservative characters within accepted sections, while the presence of a distinct ring, and especially host selection were highly variable within these.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Heilmann-Clausen
- University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - T.G. Frøslev
- University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Center for Geogenetics, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. Kjøller
- University of Copenhagen, Institute of Biology, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Abrego N, Christensen M, Bässler C, Ainsworth AM, Heilmann-Clausen J. Understanding the distribution of wood-inhabiting fungi in European beech reserves from species-specific habitat models. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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17
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18
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Halbwachs H, Heilmann-Clausen J, Bässler C. Mean spore size and shape in ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic assemblages show strong responses under resource constraints. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Andrew C, Heegaard E, Kirk PM, Bässler C, Heilmann-Clausen J, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Kuyper TW, Senn-Irlet B, Büntgen U, Diez J, Egli S, Gange AC, Halvorsen R, Høiland K, Nordén J, Rustøen F, Boddy L, Kauserud H. Big data integration: Pan-European fungal species observations' assembly for addressing contemporary questions in ecology and global change biology. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Heilmann-Clausen J, Maruyama PK, Bruun HH, Dimitrov D, Laessøe T, Frøslev TG, Dalsgaard B. Citizen science data reveal ecological, historical and evolutionary factors shaping interactions between woody hosts and wood-inhabiting fungi. New Phytol 2016; 212:1072-1082. [PMID: 27659274 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Woody plants host diverse communities of associated organisms, including wood-inhabiting fungi. In this group, host effects on species richness and interaction network structure are not well understood, especially not at large geographical scales. We investigated ecological, historical and evolutionary determinants of fungal species richness and network modularity, that is, subcommunity structure, across woody hosts in Denmark, using a citizen science data set comprising > 80 000 records of > 1000 fungal species on 91 genera of woody plants. Fungal species richness was positively related to host size, wood pH, and the number of species in the host genus, with limited influence of host frequency and host history, that is, time since host establishment in the area. Modularity patterns were unaffected by host history, but largely reflected host phylogeny. Notably, fungal communities differed substantially between angiosperm and gymnosperm hosts. Host traits and evolutionary history appear to be more important than host frequency and recent history in structuring interactions between hosts and wood-inhabiting fungi. High wood acidity appears to act as a stress factor reducing fungal species richness, while large host size, providing increased niche diversity, enhances it. In some fungal groups that are known to interact with live host cells in the establishment phase, host selectivity is common, causing a modular community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Pietro K Maruyama
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, Oslo, NO-0318, Norway
| | - Thomas Laessøe
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Tobias Guldberg Frøslev
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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Mazziotta A, Heilmann-Clausen J, Bruun HH, Fritz Ö, Aude E, Tøttrup AP. Dataset on species incidence, species richness and forest characteristics in a Danish protected area. Data Brief 2016; 9:895-897. [PMID: 27882337 PMCID: PMC5114529 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Restoring hydrology and old-growth structures in a former production forest: Modelling the long-term effects on biodiversity" (A. Mazziotta, J. Heilmann-Clausen, H. H.Bruun, Ö. Fritz, E. Aude, A.P. Tøttrup) [1]. This article describes how the changes induced by restoration actions in forest hydrology and structure alter the biodiversity value of a Danish forest reserve. The field dataset is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mazziotta
- Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anders P Tøttrup
- Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Geldmann J, Heilmann-Clausen J, Holm TE, Levinsky I, Markussen B, Olsen K, Rahbek C, Tøttrup AP. What determines spatial bias in citizen science? Exploring four recording schemes with different proficiency requirements. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Geldmann
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen E Denmark
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen E Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Holm
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Grenaavej 14 8410 Roende Denmark
| | - Irina Levinsky
- Dansk Ornitologisk Forening - BirdLife Denmark; Vesterbrogade 140 1620 Copenhagen V Denmark
| | - Bo Markussen
- Laboratory for Applied Statistics; Department of Mathematical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen E Denmark
| | - Kent Olsen
- Natural History Museum Aarhus; Wilhelm Meyers Allé 210; 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen E Denmark
- Imperial College London; Silwood Park Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
| | - Anders P. Tøttrup
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 2100 Copenhagen E Denmark
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Adamčík S, Aude E, Bässler C, Christensen M, Dort KV, Fritz Ö, Glejdura S, Heilmann-Clausen J, Holec J, Jančovičová S, Kunca V, Lackovičová A, Lüth M, Ódor P. Fungi and lichens recorded during the Cryptogam Symposium on Natural Beech Forests, Slovakia 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.33585/cmy.68101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Heilmann-Clausen J, Barron ES, Boddy L, Dahlberg A, Griffith GW, Nordén J, Ovaskainen O, Perini C, Senn-Irlet B, Halme P. A fungal perspective on conservation biology. Conserv Biol 2015; 29:61-8. [PMID: 25185751 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hitherto fungi have rarely been considered in conservation biology, but this is changing as the field moves from addressing single species issues to an integrative ecosystem-based approach. The current emphasis on biodiversity as a provider of ecosystem services throws the spotlight on the vast diversity of fungi, their crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems, and the benefits of considering fungi in concert with animals and plants. We reviewed the role of fungi in ecosystems and composed an overview of the current state of conservation of fungi. There are 5 areas in which fungi can be readily integrated into conservation: as providers of habitats and processes important for other organisms; as indicators of desired or undesired trends in ecosystem functioning; as indicators of habitats of conservation value; as providers of powerful links between human societies and the natural world because of their value as food, medicine, and biotechnological tools; and as sources of novel tools and approaches for conservation of megadiverse organism groups. We hope conservation professionals will value the potential of fungi, engage mycologists in their work, and appreciate the crucial role of fungi in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7007, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Dahlberg A, Genney DR, Heilmann-Clausen J. Developing a comprehensive strategy for fungal conservation in Europe: current status and future needs. FUNGAL ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Carriconde F, Gardes M, Jargeat P, Heilmann-Clausen J, Mouhamadou B, Gryta H. Population evidence of cryptic species and geographical structure in the cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal fungus, Tricholoma scalpturatum. Microb Ecol 2008; 56:513-524. [PMID: 18305983 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tricholoma scalpturatum is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that forms symbioses with roots of diverse trees and shrubs. It is commonly encountered in a wide range of habitats, across temperate ecosystems. A previous study has revealed a high genetic diversity at a local scale, and ruderal abilities. To examine genetic structure at a large geographical scale, a total of 164 basidiocarps were collected from 30 populations located in Western Europe, from Spain to Scandinavia. These samples were analyzed by three molecular methods with different levels of resolution: inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and ITS sequence analysis. Considerable genetic variation was found, and the morphospecies was separated into two genetic groups that were distinct from each other. The ISSR data and the relatively low percentage value (96%) of shared sequence polymorphisms in the ITS between isolates from the two groups, strongly suggest cryptic species and long-lasting separation. No geographical exclusion was detected for these two widely distributed taxa. However, high estimates of population differentiation were observed in each group, including between populations less than a few kilometers apart. This result provides evidence for limited gene flow and/or founding effects. It also indicates that T. scalpturatum does not constitute a random mating population, and the hypothesis of endemism cannot be excluded for this cosmopolitan wind-dispersed fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Carriconde
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS-UPS-ENFA, Bât. 4R3, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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Boddy L, Heilmann-Clausen J. Chapter 12 Basidiomycete community development in temperate angiosperm wood. British Mycological Society Symposia Series 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0275-0287(08)80014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Heilmann-Clausen J, Boddy L. Inhibition and stimulation effects in communities of wood decay fungi: exudates from colonized wood influence growth by other species. Microb Ecol 2005; 49:399-406. [PMID: 16003479 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-004-0240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Accepted: 04/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exudates from uncolonized and from partly decayed beech wood on the extension rates of 16 later stage decay fungi were investigated. The partly decayed wood had been colonized by the pyrenomycete Eutypa spinosa, or the basidiomycetes Fomes fomentarius, Stereum hirsutum, and Trametes versicolor, all known as common early decay agents in European beech forests. Sterilized wood pieces were placed onto 0.5% malt agar, opposite to small agar plugs containing the test fungi. The latter showed very variable and species-specific growth responses to the various wood types. The presence of uncolonized wood stimulated extension rates in many species, whereas the four previously decayed wood types had variable stimulatory or inhibitory effects. Wood decayed by S. hirsutum resulted in reduced extension rate, delayed growth, or total inhibition in the majority of species, thus it is suggested that this species uses secondary metabolites in a defensive strategy. A single species was, however, stimulated in the presence of S. hirsutum-decayed wood. In contrast, the presence of wood decayed by F. fomentarius was stimulatory to 45% of the species. The other previously decayed wood types generally resulted in more variable responses, depending upon species. The results are discussed in an ecological context and it is suggested that the exudates from the partly decayed wood that are responsible for the reported effects may function as infochemicals, structuring microbial communities in wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heilmann-Clausen
- Danish Centre for Forest and Landscape Research, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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