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Arellano-García L, Macarulla MT, Cuevas-Sierra A, Martínez JA, Portillo MP, Milton-Laskibar I. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG administration partially prevents diet-induced insulin resistance in rats: a comparison with its heat-inactivated parabiotic. Food Funct 2023; 14:8865-8875. [PMID: 37698059 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are obesity-related health alterations, featuring an ever-increasing prevalence. Besides inadequate feeding patterns, gut microbiota alterations stand out as potential contributors to these metabolic disturbances. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the administration of a probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) effectively prevents diet-induced insulin resistance in rats and to compare these potential effects with those exerted by its heat-inactivated parabiotic. For this purpose, 34 male Wistar rats were fed a standard or a high-fat high-fructose diet, alone or supplemented with viable or heat-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The body and white adipose tissue weight increases, induced by the obesogenic diet, were prevented by probiotic and parabiotic administration. The trend towards higher basal glucose levels and significantly higher serum insulin concentration observed in the non-treated animals fed with the obesogenic diet were effectively reverted by both treatments. Similar results were also found for serum adiponectin and leptin, whose levels were brought back by the probiotic and parabiotic administration to values similar to those of the control animals. Noteworthily, parabiotic administration significantly reduced skeletal muscle triglyceride content and activated CPT-1b compared to the non-treated animals. Finally, both treatments enhanced Akt and AS160 phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle compared to the non-treated animals; however, only parabiotic administration increased GLUT-4 protein expression in this tissue. These results suggest that heat-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG seem to be more effective than its probiotic of origin in preventing high-fat high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Arellano-García
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - M T Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A Cuevas-Sierra
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - I Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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2
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Gómez-Zorita S, Milton-Laskibar I, Macarulla MT, Biasutto L, Fernández-Quintela A, Miranda J, Lasa A, Segues N, Bujanda L, Portillo MP. Pterostilbene modifies triglyceride metabolism in hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat high-fructose feeding: a comparison with its analog resveratrol. Food Funct 2021; 12:3266-3279. [PMID: 33877249 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of phenolic compounds as a new therapeutic approach against NAFLD has emerged recently. In the present study, we aim to study the effect of pterostilbene in the prevention of liver steatosis developed as a consequence of high-fat (saturated) high-fructose feeding, by analysing the changes induced in metabolic pathways involved in triglyceride accumulation. Interestingly, a comparison with the anti-steatotic effect of its parent compound resveratrol will be made for the first time. Rats were distributed into 5 experimental groups and fed either a standard laboratory diet or a high-fat high-fructose diet supplemented with or without pterostilbene (15 or 30 mg per kg per d) or resveratrol (30 mg per kg per d) for 8 weeks. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, NEFA and transaminase levels were quantified. Liver histological analysis was carried out by haematoxylin-eosin staining. Different pathways involved in liver triglyceride metabolism, including fatty acid synthesis, uptake and oxidation, triglyceride assembly and triglyceride release, were studied. Pterostilbene was shown to partially prevent high-fat high-fructose feeding induced liver steatosis in rats, demonstrating a dose-response pattern. In this dietary model, it acts mainly by reducing de novo lipogenesis and increasing triglyceride assembly and release. Improvement in mitochondrial functionality was also appreciated. At the same dose, the magnitude of pterostilbene and resveratrol induced effects, as well as the involved mechanisms of action, were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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3
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Léniz A, Portillo MP, Fernández-Quintela A, Macarulla MT, Sarasua-Miranda A, Del Hoyo M, Díez-López I. Has the adipokine profile an influence on the catch-up growth type in small for gestational age infants? J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:311-319. [PMID: 31209795 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity, persistent short stature, and metabolic alterations in later life. Moreover, the post-natal growth pattern of SGA infants may be an important contributor to health outcomes later in life, which can be influenced by adipokines. The aims of this study were to compare plasma adipokine profiles (leptin, adiponectin, vaspin, chemerin, and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV/CCN3)) among SGA newborns aged 3 months, with low, normal, or high catch-up, to search for potential differences between males and females and to analyze the evolution of several adipokines in plasma from SGA newborns between 3 and 24 months. This prospective, longitudinal study was addressed in SGA Caucasian subjects at Hospital Universitario de Álava-Txagorritxu. We observed that infants with fast catch-up showed significantly lower birth weight than the other two groups. As far as adipokines are concerned, they could have an influence on catch-up type because differences among the three experimental groups were found. It may be proposed that health prognoses in infants with slow and fast catch-up are opposite, not only in adulthood but also during their first months. Finally, adipokine evolution patterns during the first 24 months of age differ, depending on the adipokine, and 24-month-old males show lower levels of leptin, adiponectin, and omentin than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Léniz
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain.,Araba Integrated Health Care Organization, Basque Health Service (Osakidetza), Vitoria, Spain
| | - M P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria, Spain.,Department Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain. .,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria, Spain. .,Department Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - M T Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria, Spain.,Department Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006, Vitoria, Spain
| | - A Sarasua-Miranda
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, HU Araba Vitoria. Department of Pediatric, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - M Del Hoyo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, HU Araba Vitoria. Department of Pediatric, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - I Díez-López
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, HU Araba Vitoria. Department of Pediatric, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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4
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Milton-Laskibar I, Aguirre L, Macarulla MT, Etxeberria U, Milagro FI, Martínez JA, Contreras J, Portillo MP. Comparative effects of energy restriction and resveratrol intake on glycemic control improvement. Biofactors 2017; 43:371-378. [PMID: 28218490 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has been proposed as an energy restriction mimetic. This study aimed to compare the effects of RSV and energy restriction on insulin resistance induced by an obesogenic diet. Any additive effect of both treatments was also analyzed. Rats were fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet for 6 weeks. They were then distributed in four experimental groups which were either fed a standard control diet (C), or treated with RSV (30 mg/kg/d), or submitted to energy restriction (R, 15%), or treated with RSV and submitted to energy restriction (RR). A glucose tolerance test was performed, and serum glucose, insulin, fructosamine, adiponectin, and leptin concentrations determined. Muscle triacylglycerol content and protein expression of insulin receptor (IRβ), protein kinase B (Akt), Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) were measured. In RSV rats, fructosamine concentrations were reduced, HOMA-IR remained unchanged, but glucose tolerance was improved, without changes in phosphorylation of IRβ, Akt, and AS160 or in GLUT-4 protein expression. Rats under energy restriction showed an improvement in all the markers related to glycemic control, as well as increased phosphorylation of AS160 and protein expression of GLUT-4. In rats from RR group the results were similar to R group, with the exception of IRβ and Akt phosphorylation, which were increased. In conclusion, mild energy restriction is more efficient than intake of RSV within a standard balanced diet, and acts by means of a different mechanism from that of RSV. No additive effects between RSV and energy restriction were observed. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(3):371-378, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - L Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - M T Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - U Etxeberria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - F I Milagro
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Contreras
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición Hospital Infanta Luisa, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
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Arias N, Aguirre L, Fernández-Quintela A, González M, Lasa A, Miranda J, Macarulla MT, Portillo MP. Erratum to: MicroRNAs involved in the browning process of adipocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:523-524. [PMID: 26983750 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Arias
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M González
- Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Lasa
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Miranda
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M T Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Arias N, Aguirre L, Fernández-Quintela A, González M, Lasa A, Miranda J, Macarulla MT, Portillo MP. MicroRNAs involved in the browning process of adipocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 72:509-21. [PMID: 26695012 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the role of miRNAs in the control of white adipose tissue browning, a process which describes the recruitment of adipocytes showing features of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs (19-22 nucleotides) involved in gene regulation. Although the main effect of miRNAs is the inhibition of the translational machinery, thereby preventing the production of the protein product, the activation of protein translation has also been described in the literature. In addition to modifying translation, miRNAs binding to its target mRNAs also trigger the recruitment and association of mRNA decay factors, leading to mRNA destabilization, degradation, and thus to the decrease in expression levels. Although a great number of miRNAs have been reported to potentially regulate genes that play important roles in the browning process, only a reduced number of studies have demonstrated experimentally an effect on this process associated to changes in miRNA expressions, so far.
These studies have shown, by using either primary adipocyte cultures or experimental models of mice (KO mice, mice overexpressing a specific miRNA), that miR-196a, miR-26, and miR-30 are needed for browning process development. By contrast, miR-155, miR-133, miR-27b, and miR-34 act as negative regulators of this process [corrected]. Further studies are needed to fully describe the miRNA network-involved white adipose tissue browning regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arias
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M González
- Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Lasa
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Miranda
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M T Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Etxeberria U, Arias N, Boqué N, Macarulla MT, Portillo MP, Milagro FI, Martinez JA. Shifts in microbiota species and fermentation products in a dietary model enriched in fat and sucrose. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:97-111. [PMID: 25213025 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbours a 'superorganism' called the gut microbiota, which is known to play a crucial role in the onset and development of diverse diseases. This internal ecosystem, far from being a static environment, can be manipulated by diet and dietary components. Feeding animals with high-fat sucrose (HFS) diets entails diet-induced obesity, a model which is usually used in research to mimic the obese phenotype of Western societies. The aim of the present study was to identify gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated metabolic changes produced in male Wistar rats fed a HFS diet for 6 weeks and compare it with the basal microbial composition. For this purpose, DNA extracted from faeces at baseline and after treatment was analysed by amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene using 454 pyrosequencing. Short-chain fatty acids, i.e. acetate, propionate and butyrate, were also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At the end of the treatment, gut microbiota composition significantly differed at phylum level (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) and class level (Erisypelotrichi, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Bacilli). Interestingly, the class Clostridia showed a significant decrease after HFS diet treatment, which correlated with visceral adipose tissue, and is likely mediated by dietary carbohydrates. Of particular interest, Clostridium cluster XIVa species were significantly reduced and changes were identified in the relative abundance of other specific bacterial species (Mitsuokella jalaludinii, Eubacterium ventriosum, Clostridium sp. FCB90-3, Prevotella nanceiensis, Clostridium fusiformis, Clostridium sp. BNL1100 and Eubacterium cylindroides) that, in some cases, showed opposite trends to their relative families. These results highlight the relevance of characterising gut microbial population differences at species level and contribute to understand the plausible link between diet and specific gut bacterial species that are able to influence the inflammatory status, intestinal barrier function and obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Etxeberria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea St. E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - N Arias
- Nutrition and Obesity group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - N Boqué
- Nutrition and Health Research Group. Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), TECNIO, CEIC S. Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - M T Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea St. E-31008 Pamplona, Spain CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea St. E-31008 Pamplona, Spain CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Gómez-Zorita S, Fernández-Quintela A, Aguirre L, Macarulla MT, Rimando AM, Portillo MP. Pterostilbene improves glycaemic control in rats fed an obesogenic diet: involvement of skeletal muscle and liver. Food Funct 2015; 6:1968-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether pterostilbene improved glycaemic control in rats showing insulin resistance induced by an obesogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - A. Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - L. Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - M. T. Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - A. M. Rimando
- United States Department of Agriculture
- Agricultural Research Service
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit
- University
- USA
| | - M. P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
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9
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Arias N, Macarulla MT, Aguirre L, Martínez-Castaño MG, Portillo MP. Quercetin can reduce insulin resistance without decreasing adipose tissue and skeletal muscle fat accumulation. Genes Nutr 2013; 9:361. [PMID: 24338341 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin exhibits a wide range of biological functions. The first aim of the present work was to analyze the effects of quercetin on fat accumulation in adipose tissue and glycemic control in rats. Any potential involvement of muscle fatty acid oxidation in its effect on glycemic control was also assessed. Animals were fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet either supplemented with quercetin (30 mg/kg body weight/day), or not supplemented, for 6 weeks. One week before killing, a glucose tolerance test was carried out. Muscle triacylglycerol content, serum glucose, insulin, fructosamine and free fatty acids were measured, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The activities of lipogenic enzymes and lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT-1b) and citrate synthase in skeletal muscle, and the expression of several genes, ACO, CD36, CPT-1b, PPAR-α, PGC-1α, UCP3, TFAM and COX-2 in skeletal muscle were analyzed. Quercetin caused no significant reduction in body weight or adipose tissue sizes. However, fructosamine, basal glucose and insulin, and consequently HOMA-IR, were significantly reduced by quercetin. No changes were observed in the activity of lipogenic enzymes and lipoprotein lipase. Muscle triacylglycerol content was similar in both experimental groups. The expression of ACO, CD36, CPT-1b, PPAR-α, PGC-1α, UCP3, TFAM and COX-2 remained unchanged. It can be concluded that quercetin is more effective as an anti-diabetic than as an anti-obesity biomolecule. The improvement in insulin resistance induced by this flavonoid is not mediated by a delipidating effect in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arias
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
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10
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Arias N, Miranda J, Macarulla MT, Aguirre L, Fernández-Quintela A, Andres-Lacueva C, Urpi-Sarda M, Portillo MP. The combination of resveratrol and conjugated linoleic acid attenuates the individual effects of these molecules on triacylglycerol metabolism in adipose tissue. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:575-82. [PMID: 23896999 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of resveratrol + conjugated linoleic acid (RSV + CLA) did not show the body fat-lowering effect exhibited by these molecules when administered separately. This study aimed to find metabolic explanations for this situation in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity. METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: rats treated with saline (control), resveratrol (RSV), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and a combination of these molecules (RSV + CLA). RESULTS Rats treated with RSV + CLA did not show the reduction in heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and fatty acid synthase activities observed in RSV group or the increased HSL expression found in RSV and CLA groups. These animals showed reduced sirtuin 1 expression and CLA isomer amounts in adipose tissue. Finally, intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was increased. CONCLUSION The attenuation of the effects induced in adipose tissue triacylglycerol metabolism by RSV and CLA separately, such as the decrease in lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake and the increase in lipolysis, contributes to explain the lack of body fat-lowering effect of the combination RSV + CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arias
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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11
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Aguirre L, Hijona E, Macarulla MT, Gracia A, Larrechi I, Bujanda L, Hijona L, Portillo MP. Several statins increase body and liver fat accumulation in a model of metabolic syndrome. J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 64:281-288. [PMID: 23959724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Statins are a family of drugs used in hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of statins on body and liver fat accumulation in obese Zucker rats. Seventy Zucker (fa/fa) rats were divided into seven groups. Rats from six statin groups were treated with pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, fluvastatin and lovastatin respectively, at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg body weight/day. After 6 weeks, liver and white adipose tissue from intra-abdominal and subcutaneous locations were dissected and weighed. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and lovastatin treated rats was significantly increased. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity was increased by the administration of fluvastatin and lovastatin, as was glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (G6PDH) by the administration of atorvastatin and lovastatin. No changes were observed in malic enzyme (ME) activity. Furthermore, heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) was increased in all groups where the subcutaneous depot was increased, and total LPL increased only in rosuvastatin and fluvastatin-treated groups. With regard to liver, there were no changes in weight but the amount of triacylglycerols was increased in rosuvastatin group, as well as its liver damage was higher. In this group FAS and G6PDH activities were increased and no changes were observed in ME, acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT-1a) activities. All statins, with the exception of simvastatin, worsen insulin resistance. These results show that statins have different effects on body fat accumulation. Moreover, rosuvastatin also shows a prosteatotic effect. These results should be taken into account for statin choice in prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain.
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12
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Churruca I, Fernández-Quintela A, Zabala A, Macarulla MT, Navarro V, Rodríguez VM, Simón E, Milagro F, Portillo MP. The effect of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on lipogenesis is tissue dependent in hamsters. Genes Nutr 2011; 2:121-3. [PMID: 18850158 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-007-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Churruca
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
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13
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Macarulla MT, Alberdi G, Gómez S, Tueros I, Bald C, Rodríguez VM, Martínez JA, Portillo MP. Effects of different doses of resveratrol on body fat and serum parameters in rats fed a hypercaloric diet. J Physiol Biochem 2010; 65:369-76. [PMID: 20358350 DOI: 10.1007/bf03185932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently resveratrol, a compound naturally occurring in various plants, has been proposed as a potential anti-obesity compound. The aim of the present work was to analyse the effects of different doses of resveratrol on body fat and serum parameters in rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and fed on a hypercaloric diet for 6 weeks. The doses oftrans-resveratrol used were 6, 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight/d in RSV1, RSV2 and RSV3 groups respectively. The stability of resveratrol when added to the diet was evaluated. Blood samples were collected, and white adipose tissue from different anatomical locations, interscapular brown adipose tissue, gastrocnemious muscles and liver were weighed. Commercial kits were used to measure serum cholesterol, glucose, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. While the lowest dose did not have a body fat reducing effect, the intermediate dose reduced all the white adipose depots. The highest dose significantly reduced mesenteric and subcutaneous depots but not epididymal and perirenal tissues. Although the reduction in all the anatomical locations analysed was 19% in the RSV3 group, in the RSV2 group it was 24%. No significant differences among the experimental groups were found in brown adipose tissue, gastrocnemious muscle or liver weights. Serum parameters were not affected by resveratrol intake because no differences among the experimental groups were observed. These results suggest that resveratrol is a molecule with potential anti-obesity effect. The most effective of the three experimental doses was 30 mg/kg body weight/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Macarulla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. of the Basque Country, 01006, Vitoria
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14
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Otegui I, Fernández-Quintela A, Diego AD, Cid C, Macarulla MT, Partearroyo MA. Properties of spray-dried and freeze-dried faba bean protein concentrates. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb02118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Churruca I, Portillo MP, Casis L, Gutiérrez A, Macarulla MT, Echevarría E. Effects of fluoxetine administration on hypothalamic melanocortin system in obese Zucker rats. Neuropeptides 2008; 42:293-9. [PMID: 18359080 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the potential involvement of melanocortin system in the anorectic mechanism of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, in obese Zucker rats. Male obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats were administered fluoxetine (10 mg/kg; i.p.) daily for two weeks. The control group was given 0.9% NaCl solution. RT-PCR for pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), Agouti gene related peptide (AgRP) and melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4-R) in the hypothalamus, as well as regional immunostaining for alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and MC4-R were carried out. Fluoxetine administration increased POMC expression and reduced MC4-R expression in the hypothalamus, without changes in AgRP mRNA levels. Moreover, an increase in the numbers of alpha-MSH positively immunostained neural cells in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), as well as a significant decrease in the numbers of neural cells positively immunostained for MC4-R in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), without changes in lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), were observed. These results suggest the involvement of alpha-MSH in central fluoxetine anorectic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Churruca
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria, Spain.
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16
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Zabala A, Portillo MP, Navarro V, Macarulla MT, Barron LJR, Fernández-Quintela A. Quantitative gas chromatographic method for the analysis of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers of the conjugated linoleic acid in liver. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 855:152-8. [PMID: 17524974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative GC method for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers of physiological significance (cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA) as non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) or triacylglycerols (TAG) was developed. Furthermore, the effect of the internal standard addition point (sample or fat extract) was studied. Response linearity, recovery and precision assays, detection and quantification limits were determined. Linearity was demonstrated over a range from 0.1 to 10 microg/mL. When CLA isomers were present as NEFA, the recovery significantly decreased (P< or =0.05) from 76% to 27.1% (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) and 28.5% (trans-10, cis-12 CLA) when the standards were added to the fat extract or to the initial tissue, respectively. As an application, liver samples from hamsters fed a diet supplemented with both CLA isomers were analyzed. The CLA isomers in liver samples were detected with reasonable reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zabala
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria, Spain
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17
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Zabala A, Portillo MP, Macarulla MT, Rodríguez VM, Fernández-Quintela A. Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers on liver and adipose tissue fatty acid profile in hamsters. Lipids 2006; 41:993-1001. [PMID: 17263299 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA on FA composition of TAG in epididymal adipose tissue and liver, and of hepatic phospholipids PL. Twenty-four Syrian Golden hamsters were randomly divided into three groups of eight animals each and fed semipurified atherogenic diets supplemented with either 0.5 g/100 g diet of linoleic acid or cis-9,trans-11 or trans-12,cis-9 CLA for 6 wk. Total lipids were extracted, and TAG and PL were separated by TLC. FA profile in lipid species from liver and adipose tissue, as well as in feces, was determined by GC. Trans-10,cis-12 CLA feeding significantly reduced linoleic and linolenic acids in TAG from both tissues, leading to reduced total PUFA content. Moreover, in the epididymal adipose tissue docosenoic and arachidonic acids were significantly increased. In liver PL, although no changes in individual FA were observed, total saturated FA (SFA) were decreased. No changes in TAG and PL FA profiles were induced by the cis-9,trans-11 CLA. TAG and PL incorporated cis-9,trans-11 more readily than trans-10,cis-12 CLA. This difference was not due to differential intestinal absorption, as shown by the analysis of feces. We concluded that only trans-10,cis-12 CLA induces changes in FA composition. Whereas increased PUFA content was observed in either liver or adipose tissue TAG, decreased SFA were found in liver PL. Incorporation of cis-9,trans-11 CLA in TAG is greater than that of trans-10,cis-12 CLA, but this is not due to differences in intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zabala
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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18
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Simón E, Macarulla MT, Fernández-Quintela A, Rodríguez VM, Portillo MP. Body fat-lowering effect of conjugated linoleic acid is not due to increased lipolysis. J Physiol Biochem 2005; 61:363-9. [PMID: 16180334 DOI: 10.1007/bf03167053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to reduce adiposity may be due to changes in energy expenditure and/or direct effects on adipocyte lipid metabolism. The aim of the present work was to analyse if CLA supplementation modifies lipolytic activity in adipose tissue from hamsters fed on high-fat diet. Hamsters were divided into two groups and fed on diets supplemented with either 0.5% linoleic acid (control) or 0.5% trans-10,cis-12 CLA. After 6 weeks, animals were fasted overnight and adipose tissues were dissected and weighed. Adipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion and incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with or without several agents acting at different levels of the lipolytic cascade. Adipocyte diameters were measured by microscopy. Adipose tissue DNA content was assessed by spectrophotometry. Animals fed on CLA diet showed significantly reduced adipose tissue mass. No differences between both groups was found for basal lipolysis, lipolytic effects of isoproterenol, forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP and isobutylmethylxanthine, and pD2 for isoproterenol. A similar total DNA amount was found in adipose tissue of both groups, showing that CLA diet had no effect on total cell number per fat pad. Although DNA content per gram tissue, an indirect reverse index of cell size, was significantly increased in CLA fed hamsters, microscopy did not reveal differences in medium mature adipocyte diameter, nor in cell size distribution between both groups. These results suggest that adipose tissue size reduction induced by trans-10,cis-12 CLA intake is not due to changes in lipolysis. Reduced preadipocyte differentiation into mature adipocytes may account for this fat-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Simón
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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19
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Navarro V, Zabala A, Macarulla MT, Fernández-Quintela A, Rodríguez VM, Simón E, Portillo MP. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accumulation and serum lipids in hamsters fed an atherogenic diet. J Physiol Biochem 2003; 59:193-9. [PMID: 15000450 DOI: 10.1007/bf03179915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a mixture of naturally occurring positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid that exist in dairy products and meat. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of c-9,t-11 and t-10,c-12 CLA isomers on body fat accumulation and serum lipids in hamsters fed an atherogenic diet. Hamsters were divided in four groups: one group was fed a chow diet (control) and the other three groups were given semi-purified atherogenic diets with 0.5% linoleic acid (LA), c-9,t-11 or t-10,c-12 CLA. Body weight and food intake were measured daily. After 6 weeks, adipose tissues from different anatomical locations and liver were dissected and weighed. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triacylglycerol levels, as well as total and free cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipid content in liver were determined by enzymatic methods. No differences in either energy intake or final body weight were found. The addition of t-10,c-12 CLA reduced fat accumulation and led to lower serum cholesterol, as compared with LA group. Nevertheless the level remained higher than in the control animals. The reduction in serum cholesterol was limited to LDL-c. This isomer also reduced triacylglycerol content in liver but did not modify serum triacylglycerol level. In summary, the present study demonstrates that t-10,c-12 CLA is the biologically active agent when anti-obesity and hypocholesterolaemic properties of CLA are considered. In contrast, the isomer c-9,t-11 has no effect on lipid metabolism in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Navarro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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20
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Rodríguez VM, Macarulla MT, Chávarri M, Portillo MP. [Role of uncoupling proteins in obesity]. An Sist Sanit Navar 2003; 25 Suppl 1:65-77. [PMID: 12861271 DOI: 10.23938/assn.0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a protein of the internal mitochondrial membrane of the brown adipocytes, the UCP1, marked an important advance in the understanding of the thermogenic process, as well as of the working of the brown adipose tissue. This protein is only of importance in the newly born and small animals, however the later discovery of proteins that were analogues of UCP1 (UCP2, widely distributed, and UCP3, mainly present in the muscle) with a similar functioning and also present in human tissue, created new perspectives and scientific goals. These proteins uncouple the respiratory chain of the oxidative phosphorylation, thus dissipating energy in the form of heat without producing ATP, by means of a mechanism that is still the subject of debate. From the studies of regulation that have been made, it emerges that their activity is modified when facing different physiological and nutritional stimuli, with greater activity observed in situations where an increase of energy expenditure is required. The studies carried on humans seem to corroborate the results obtained in experiments on animals, and action can thus be proposed on the activity, or the quantity, of these proteins in humans, as a means for fighting overweightedness and obesity. However, there is still an evident need to complete and improve the existing information on the importance of these proton transporting proteins in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Rodríguez
- Area de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, 01006 Vitoria
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21
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Abstract
The aim of the present work is to compare the lipolytic response of three fat depots (subcutaneous, epididymal and perirenal) to leptin under in vitro conditions in rats. Moreover an assessment of the potential differences between young and mature rats in terms of the response of these tissues to leptin is made. Adipocytes from 6- and 20-wk-old rats were isolated by collagenase digestion and incubated in vitro both in the absence and the presence of either leptin (10(-12)-10(-6) M) or isoproterenol (10(-6) M). Lipolysis was measured by the release of glycerol into the incubation medium over 2 hours of incubation. Adipocytes responded in a dose-dependent manner to leptin concentrations ranging from 10(-12) M to 10(-6) M. The lowest leptin concentration inducing a significant lipolytic effect was 10(-9) M in all tissues. No significant differences in the effect of the maximal concentration of leptin (10(-6) M) were observed among tissues for either age. The lipolytic effect of isoproterenol (10(-6) M) was significantly reduced in adipose tissues from mature rats; in contrast no significant differences in the effect of leptin (10(-6) M) were observed between young and mature rats. In summary, no anatomical-specific differences exist in the response of rat adipose tissue to lipid mobilization induced by leptin. Furthermore, this leptin action is not decreased in mature rats compared with young ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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Casado A, Rodríguez VM, Portillo MP, Macarulla MT, Abecia LC, Echevarría E, Casis L. Sibutramine decreases body weight gain and increases energy expenditure in obese Zucker rats without changes in NPY and orexins. Nutr Neurosci 2003; 6:103-11. [PMID: 12722985 DOI: 10.1080/1028415031000094264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to describe the effects of sibutramine on body weight and adiposity and to establish the potential involvement of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexins in the anorectic action of this drug. Male obese Zucker rats were daily administered with sibutramine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) for two weeks. Carcass composition was assessed using the official methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Total body oxygen consumption was measured daily for 60 min before sibutramine or saline injection and for 30 min (from 60 to 90 min) after drug or saline injection. Hypothalamic arcuate and paraventricular nuclei, and the lateral hypothalamic area were immunostained for NPY, orexin A and orexin B. Commercial kits were used for serum determinations. Reductions in body weight and adipose tissue weights were observed after sibutramine treatment in obese Zucker rats. No changes in NPY immunostaining in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei were found. Orexin A and orexin B immunostaining was not modified in the lateral hypothalamic area in treated rats. The reduction in body weight and adiposity induced by sibutramine was achieved by both a reduction in food intake and an increase in energy expenditure. NPY and orexins do not seem to be involved in the anorectic effect of sibutramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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23
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Saracíbar G, Casado A, Rodríguez VM, Portillo MP, Macarulla MT, Abecia LC, Echevarría E, Casis L. Nefazodone alters NPY immunostaining in rat arcuate-paraventricular projection without changes in food intake and body weight. Nutr Neurosci 2002; 5:353-8. [PMID: 12385598 DOI: 10.1080/1028415021000033820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nefazodone is an antidepressant drug that inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of nefazodone on food intake, body weight, adiposity and hypothalamic NPY immunostaining in rats. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-month-old) were administered with nefazodone (20 mg/kg; i.p) daily for two weeks. The control group was given 0.9% NaCl solution. Hypothalamic arcuate, paraventricular, periventricular, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic area were immunostained for NPY. Chronic nefazodone administration in rats did not modify food intake, body weight and adipose depot size (subcutaneous, perirenal and epididymal white adipose tissues, and interscapular brown adipose tissue). However, a significant decrease in paraventricular NPY immunostaining was found in the nefazodone group compared with the control group. No changes in other hypothalamic regions such as arcuate, periventricular, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, and lateral and medial preoptic areas were observed. Because nefazodone is an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, it can be proposed that the expected decrease in food intake after nefazodone administration, due to its effects on NPY arcuate-paraventricular projection, could be masked by the opposite orexigenic effect of alpha1-adrenoceptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saracíbar
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
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Rodríguez VM, Macarulla MT, Chávarri M, Durán D, Portillo MP. Lipoprotein lipase and lipogenic enzyme activities in adipose tissue from rats fed different lipid sources. J Physiol Biochem 2001; 57:245-54. [PMID: 11800287 DOI: 10.1007/bf03179818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This work was designed to study the effect of different lipid sources on the activities of lipoprotein lipase and lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue from rats fed ad libitum or energy-controlled diets. Male Wistar rats were fed diets containing 40% of energy as fat (olive oil, sunflower oil, palm oil or beef tallow), for 4 wk. Under ad libitum feeding no differences were found among dietary fat groups in final body weight, adipose tissue weights and total body fat. Under energy-controlled feeding, despite isoenergetic intake, rats fed the beef tallow diet gained significantly less weight than rats fed the other three diets. Beef tallow fed rats showed the lowest values for adipose tissue weights and total body fat. When rats had free access to food no effect of dietary lipid source on lipogenic enzyme activities was found. In contrast, under energy-controlled feeding rats fed the beef tallow diet showed significantly higher activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase than rats fed the other three diets. Heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity in perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues was not different among rats fed olive oil, safflower oil, palm oil or beef tallow. When comparing both adipose tissue anatomical locations, significantly higher activities were found in subcutaneous than in perirenal fat pad independently of dietary fat. In conclusion, under our experimental protocol, lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue does not seem to be affected by dietary fat type.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
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Macarulla MT, Medina C, De Diego MA, Chávarri M, Zulet MA, Martínez JA, Nöel-Suberville C, Higueret P, Portillo MP. Effects of the whole seed and a protein isolate of faba bean (Vicia faba) on the cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolaemic rats. Br J Nutr 2001; 85:607-14. [PMID: 11348576 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to analyse the hypocholesterolaemic efficiency of a Vicia faba-protein isolate in relation to the intact legume. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the effects of this isolate were investigated. Hypercholesterolaemic rats were divided into three groups and fed high-fat diets rich in cholesterol-containing casein, whole seeds of Vicia faba or the protein isolate of faba beans as protein source, for 2 weeks ad libitum. The protein isolate was prepared by isoelectric precipitation and spray dried. Analyses of serum, liver and faeces, as well as of the activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, were assessed by enzymatic methods. The rats fed on Vicia faba diets showed significantly lower body weights and energy intakes than rats fed on casein diets. The whole-seed diet induced a significant reduction in plasma triacylglycerol. Feeding rats on diets containing faba bean seeds, or the protein isolate, induced a significant decrease in plasma (LDL+VLDL)-cholesterol but not in HDL-cholesterol. Hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol were also reduced. The hypocholesterolaemic effects of Vicia faba were not the result of a reduction in cholesterol synthesis as assessed from HMG-CoA reductase activity, but the result of an increase in steroid faecal excretion. The faba bean-protein isolate obtained under our experimental conditions was useful in improving the metabolic alterations induced by feeding with a hypercholesterolaemic diet compared with casein. The effectiveness of the whole seeds was higher than that of the protein isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Macarulla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
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Portillo MP, Chávarri M, Durán D, Rodríguez VM, Macarulla MT. Differential effects of diets that provide different lipid sources on hepatic lipogenic activities in rats under ad libitum or restricted feeding. Nutrition 2001; 17:467-73. [PMID: 11399405 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to study the effect of different lipid sources on hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity in rats fed ad libitum or energy-controlled diets. Male Wistar rats were fed diets containing 40% of energy as fat (olive oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, or beef tallow) for 4 wk. In experiment 1 rats had free access to food, and in experiment 2 rats were fed a controlled amount of food. In both experiments, rats fed the olive oil diets had higher activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (P < 0.05) than rats fed the other fats. It is unlikely that this effect could be attributed to the stimulation by insulin or triiodothyronine because serum values did not differ among the groups. Enzymatic activities were positively and significantly correlated with liver triacylglycerol content, but not with serum triacylglycerol levels. No interaction between lipid source and feeding protocol was found. Oleic acid and components in olive oil other than fatty acids, such as phytosterols, may account for the effects of dietary fat on lipogenic enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Portillo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.
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Bonilla S, Noël-Suberville C, Higueret P, Puy Portillo M, Macarulla MT, Martinez A, Garcin H. Inclusion of a legume in a saturated fat-rich diet affects the cholesterol status but not the expression of triiodothyronine and retinoic acid receptors in rat liver. Ann Nutr Metab 2000; 42:297-303. [PMID: 9812021 DOI: 10.1159/000012747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that a high-fat diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, induced hypercholesterolemia and, in rat liver, a decreased expression of TR and RAR, nuclear receptors which are transcription factors for genes involved in cell growth, differentiation and cellular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine whether hypercholesterolemia plays a role in the onset of this decreased expression. Rats were fed a high-fat diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, for 3 weeks and then received in addition Vicia faba for 2 weeks. The inclusion of the legume induced a decrease in hypercholesterolemia (in agreement with numerous data) but did not affect the underexpression of TR or RAR (expression evaluated as the maximum binding capacity of receptors and as the abundance of mRNA of these receptors). Thus, it is suggested that, at least in this experimental model, hypercholesterolemia plays a minor role in the decreased expression of nuclear receptors in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bonilla
- Laboratoire de Nutrition, Université Bordeaux I, Talence, France
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Abstract
In this study, the difference in lipolytic response in inguinal subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed in vivo by microdialysis. Probes were perfused with Ringer solution in which increasing concentrations of isoproterenol (10(-7) - 10(-4) mol/L) were added. Glycerol release, expressed as extracellular glycerol concentration, was used as lipolytic index. The effect of isoproterenol on local blood flow was investigated using the ethanol technique. No differences were found in the interstitial glycerol concentration between both adipose tissues under basal conditions. When isoproterenol was perfused, a dose-response increase in glycerol production was induced in both tissues. Interstitial glycerol concentration from epididymal adipose tissue was higher than that of inguinal subcutaneous depot at all isoproterenol concentrations. No vasodilatory effect of isoproterenol was found. These results suggest that epididymal adipose tissue is more responsive in vivo to beta-adrenergic lipolysis stimulation than is subcutaneous fat pad from the inguinal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Portillo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria, Spain.
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Zulet MA, Macarulla MT, Portillo MP, Noel-Suberville C, Higueret P, Martínez JA. Lipid and glucose utilization in hypercholesterolemic rats fed a diet containing heated chickpea (Cicer aretinum L.): a potential functional food. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 1999; 69:403-11. [PMID: 10642898 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.69.6.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This feeding trial evaluated the influence of a diet containing heated chickpea in a dietary induced rat model of hypercholesterolemia in order to assess some possible protective and therapeutic effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders as found with other legumes. Rats fed a diet enriched with coconut oil (25%) and cholesterol (1%) for 42 days (HH) showed a situation of type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. However, these lipid alterations were improved in the hypercholesterolemic rats receiving control (HC) and legume (HL) diets for 16 days. Moreover, results confirm that the chickpea was more effective than the control diet containing casein in the normalization of triglycerides as well as total and LDL-cholesterol levels. On the other hand, the HH group showed a marked reduction in the liver glycogen content and Glucose-6-Phase activity (involved in glyconeogenesis) and an increase in Glucokinase (GK) activity (involved in glucose utilization). In contrast, the rats receiving chickpea re-established the liver glycogen deposition as compared to the HH group. Also, the chickpea intake increased the GK activity as compared to the control diet. The overall results support that chickpea intake may be recommended in humans with altered lipid profile such as type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. Additionally, data concerning carbohydrate utilization indicated its potential positive effects in diabetes therapy and their role as biological active food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zulet
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Portillo MP, Tueros AI, Perona JS, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Torres I, Macarulla MT. Modifications induced by dietary lipid source in adipose tissue phospholipid fatty acids and their consequences in lipid mobilization. Br J Nutr 1999; 82:319-27. [PMID: 10655981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to assess the influence of dietary lipid source on fatty acid phospholipid profiles and on lipid mobilization. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed on high-fat diets which provided olive oil, sunflower oil, palm oil or beef tallow. All rats received the same amount of energy to avoid hyperphagia and differences in energy intake among groups. Phospholipid fatty acids were determined by GC. Lipolysis was stimulated in subcutaneous and perirenal isolated adipocytes by several lipolytic agents, and assessed by the determination of released glycerol. After 4 weeks of feeding, differences in body and adipose tissue weights were not observed. Dietary regimens caused great changes in adipose tissue phospholipid composition: rats fed on palm oil and beef tallow had higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids and animals fed on olive oil or sunflower oil had greater amounts of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. These modifications did not lead to important changes in adipocyte lipolysis. Significant differences were only observed between palm-oil- and beef-tallow-fed groups when lipolysis was stimulated by isoproterenol in subcutaneous adipocytes. The fact that our feeding protocol did not induce differences in fat accumulation among groups avoids misinterpretations due to adiposity changes. The differences observed between both saturated-fat-fed groups, therefore, should only be attributable to dietary lipids. Despite this effect, the data from this work indicate that some diet-induced changes in adipose tissue fatty acid composition may have little effect on overall function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Portillo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.
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Portillo MP, Cantoral R, Macarulla MT. Effects of dietary fat content on adiposity during energy restriction in genetically obese rats. Reprod Nutr Dev 1999; 39:189-99. [PMID: 10327447 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19990204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the amount of fat provided in a restricted diet on weight loss and body composition were studied in this work. Lean male (Fa/?) Zucker rats were fed a control diet ad libitum. Obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were divided into three groups: one group was fed a control diet ad libitum and the other two groups were fed 75% energy-restricted diets, which provided 10 or 50% of calories as fat. After 4 weeks, energy restriction normalized body weight but not body composition in the genetically obese rats. Reductions in adipose tissue weights and adipocyte size, without changes in the cellularity, were observed. Differences only reached statistical significance in subcutaneous adipose tissue. A standard fat content in the diet induced the same fat-free mass reduction as a higher amount of this macronutrient, but a greater body fat reduction. This suggests that the restriction of dietary fat, as well as energy, is necessary to achieve dietary management in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Portillo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria, Spain.
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Portillo MP, Cantoral R, Torres MI, De Diego MA, Macarulla MT. Fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous and mesenteric adipose tissues from Zucker rats after energy restriction. Influence of dietary fat. Rev Esp Fisiol 1997; 53:317-25. [PMID: 9442578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several disturbances concerning lipid metabolism are found in obese Zucker rats. The present study was designed to determine the effect of energy restriction on fatty acid profile of adipose tissue triglycerides from two different anatomic locations, in genetically obese rats. The impact of the addition of a high amount of olive oil to a restricted diet was also considered. Lean and obese male Zucker rats, 11 weeks old, were used. The former (n = 7) were fed a control diet ad libitum during 4 weeks, and the latter (n = 21) were randomized into 3 groups and fed either a control diet ad libitum or diets restricted to 75% of lean rat intake which provided different amounts of olive oil as fat source. Obesity induced strong modifications in fatty acid profiles from subcutaneous and mesenteric adipose tissues that were not corrected when a standard-fat 25% energy-restricted diet was used for feeding. In contrast, when a high amount of olive oil was included into the restricted diet, a new fatty acid profile in adipose tissue from obese rats, that mirrors the one of lean rats, was observed. Significant differences between two anatomic locations were found in the pattern of modifications produced by obesity, but not by dietary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Portillo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.
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Fernández-Quintela A, Macarulla MT, Del Barrio AS, Martínez JA. Composition and functional properties of protein isolates obtained from commercial legumes grown in northern Spain. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1997; 51:331-42. [PMID: 9650726 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007936930354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum), faba bean (Vicia faba) and soybean (Glycine max) seeds were characterized, and protein isolates were prepared following an isoelectric point precipitation procedure. Soybean seeds showed the highest protein content (36.7%) and carbohydrate was the major constituent in the pea (59.4%) and the faba bean seeds (52.1%). Protein contents were higher than 80% in all the protein isolates. The amino acid contents in the protein isolates were, in general, higher than those in their own starting seeds. The antinutritional factor contents were reduced after the protein isolate preparation. The highest reductions achieved for tannins were 95% in the faba bean protein isolate, and for phytates (45%) and trypsin inhibitor activity (46%) in the pea protein isolate. Haemagglutinating activity was not detected in any of the protein isolates. Minimum solubility values were observed at a pH range between 4.0 and 6.0, and maximal solubilities were obtained at basic pH values. The faba bean protein isolate showed the highest water and oil absorption capacities, and the best gelling properties. The soybean protein isolate had the best foam expansion capacity. Thus, the protein isolates had an improvement in some of the characteristics compared to their original seeds with lower contents in tannins, phytates and haemagglutinating activity, but had weak functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernández-Quintela
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
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Cantoral R, Fernández-Quintela A, Martínez JA, Macarulla MT. [Comparative study of the composition and nutritional value of the seeds and protein concentrations in legumes]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1995; 45:242-8. [PMID: 9382685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional properties of three legumes: pea (Pisum sativum), faba bean (Vicia faba) and soya (Glycine max) have been characterized. From these seeds, protein concentrates were elaborated by wet processing and two different procedures of drying were followed (freeze-drying and alcohol washing). The composition and content of several antinutritional factors (phytates, tannins, trypsin inhibitors and lectins) were assessed in all of them. Also some functional properties regarding their potential use in food technology were evaluated, such as protein solubility at different pH, as well as water and oil absorption capacities. All the obtained concentrates showed high protein contents, nevertheless protein extraction efficiency was smaller in alcohol-washed concentrates than in the lyophilized ones. In the other hand, the concentrates obtained from pea and faba bean showed higher yields than those obtained from soya. The content of antinutritional factors were markedly reduced after the concentration process. Furthermore, the functional properties of pea and faba bean protein concentrates point out their suitability for food preparation as previously reported for soya.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cantoral
- Area de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, España
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Martinez JA, Marcos R, Macarulla MT, Larralde J. Growth, hormonal status and protein turnover in rats fed on a diet containing peas (Pisum sativum L.) as the source of protein. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1995; 47:211-220. [PMID: 7544899 DOI: 10.1007/bf01088329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of peas (Pisum sativum L.) as the source of protein in the diet of growing rats brings about a reduction in growth rate as well as the impairment in the liver, muscle and spleen weights as compared with casein fed controls. Also, a fall in plasma glucose, triglycerides and protein was observed in the legume fed animals, while no changes in cholesterol levels were found. Furthermore, the rats fed on the diet containing peas showed lower levels of plasma insulin, corticosterone, IGF-I and T4 as compared with casein controls. Liver and muscle total protein (mg) and total DNA (mg) were markedly decreased in the legume fed animals, but DNA/g, protein/DNA and RNA/protein ratios were similar in both dietary groups. Likewise, liver and muscle fractional synthesis rates were similar in the casein and legume groups, while the whole body protein synthesis is assumed to be lower in the legume fed animals due to differences in body weights. It is concluded that animals fed on a diet containing peas (Pisum sativum L.) as the only source of protein showed less adverse effects than those found with other legumes such as Vicia faba L. or Phaseolus vulgaris L., in which protein quality, antinutritional factors and nutrient availability could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Martinez
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Martínez JA, Macarulla MT, Marcos R, Larralde J. Nutritional outcome and immunocompetence in mice fed on a diet containing raw field beans (Vicia faba, var. minor) as the source of protein. Br J Nutr 1992; 68:493-503. [PMID: 1445828 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19920107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Feeding growth mice on diets containing raw field beans (Vicia faba var. minor) as the only source of protein brought about an impairment in growth, muscle mass and liver weight. No changes in food consumption were observed, but the food intake:weight gain ratio was increased in those animals. Plasma protein, triacylglycerols and cholesterol values were not affected by the dietary treatment although serum glucose and zinc levels fell after legume intake as well as the number of circulating erythrocytes. The relative enlargement of thymus and spleen in the legume-fed mice was apparently accompanied by a reduction in the cell number and an increase in cell size, while the protein synthesis capacity followed differentiated patterns in both tissues when assessed through protein, DNA and RNA determinations. The haemagglutination titres and the number of rosette-forming cells were lower in those animals fed on the field bean diet as well as the splenic lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin, Concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide mitogens used to evaluate the functional status of T and B lymphocytes. The present study describes, apparently for the first time in mice, the involvement of field bean intake in some immunological disturbances affecting both humoral- and cell-mediated aspects of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain
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