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Cavarzere P, Pietrobelli A, Gandini A, Munari S, Baffico AM, Maffei M, Gaudino R, Guzzo A, Arrigoni M, Coviello D, Piacentini G, Antoniazzi F. Role of genetic investigation in the diagnosis of short stature in a cohort of Italian children. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1237-1250. [PMID: 38087044 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short stature (SS) is defined as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex. Hypothyroidism, celiac disease, growth hormone deficiency, hormonal abnormalities, and genetic conditions are among its causes. A wide range of conditions often due to largely unknown genetic variants can elude conventional diagnostic workup. AIM We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to better understand the etiology of SS in a cohort of Italian children. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study sample was 125 children with SS of unknown origin referred to our Institute between 2015 and 2021. All had undergone complete auxological and hormonal investigations to exclude common causes of SS. Genetic analysis was performed using a NGS panel of 104 genes. Clinical data were reviewed to clarify the pathogenicity of the variants detected. RESULTS In this cohort, 43 potentially causing variants were identified in 38 children. A syndromic genetic condition was diagnosed in 7: Noonan syndrome in 3, Leri-Weill syndrome in 3, and hypochondroplasia in 1. Moreover, 8 benign variants and other 37 like benign variants were found. In 88 children, 179 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were identified. No variant was found in 16 children. CONCLUSION Genetic analysis is a useful tool in the diagnostic workup of patients with SS, in adapting management and treatment, and in identifying syndromes with mild atypical clinical features. The role of VUS should not be underestimated, particularly when multiple VUS with possible mutual worsening effects are present in the same child.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cavarzere
- Pediatric Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Verona (Full Member of European Reference Network Endo-ERN), Verona, Italy.
- Department of Pediatrics, Child and Mother's Hospital, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.
| | - A Pietrobelli
- Pediatric Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Verona (Full Member of European Reference Network Endo-ERN), Verona, Italy
- Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Gandini
- Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Munari
- Pediatric Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Verona (Full Member of European Reference Network Endo-ERN), Verona, Italy
| | - A M Baffico
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Maffei
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Gaudino
- Pediatric Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Verona (Full Member of European Reference Network Endo-ERN), Verona, Italy
- Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Guzzo
- Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Arrigoni
- Pediatric Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Verona (Full Member of European Reference Network Endo-ERN), Verona, Italy
| | - D Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Piacentini
- Pediatric Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Verona (Full Member of European Reference Network Endo-ERN), Verona, Italy
- Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Antoniazzi
- Pediatric Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Verona (Full Member of European Reference Network Endo-ERN), Verona, Italy
- Department Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Regional Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Rare Skeletal Disorders, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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2
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Ceccarini G, Akinci B, Araujo-Vilar D, Beghini M, Brown RJ, Carrion Tudela J, Corradin V, Donadille B, Jerez Ruiz J, Jeru I, Lattanzi G, Maffei M, McIlroy GD, Nobécourt E, Perez de Tudela N, Rochford JJ, Sanders R, von Schnurbein J, Tews D, Vantyghem MC, Vatier C, Vigouroux C, Santini F. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip), Pisa, Italy, 28-29 September 2023. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2024:S0003-4266(24)00036-2. [PMID: 38452868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases primarily affecting the development or maintenance of the adipose tissue but are also distressing indirectly multiple organs and tissues, often leading to reduced life expectancy and quality of life. Lipodystrophy syndromes are multifaceted disorders caused by genetic mutations or autoimmunity in the vast majority of cases. While many subtypes are now recognized and classified, the disease remains remarkably underdiagnosed. The European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip) was founded in 2014 as a non-profit network of European centers of excellence working in the field of lipodystrophies aiming at promoting international collaborations to increase basic scientific understanding and clinical management of these syndromes. The network has developed a European Patient Registry as a collaborative research platform for consortium members. ECLip and ECLip registry activities involve patient advocacy groups to increase public awareness and to seek advice on research activities relevant from the patients perspective. The annual ECLip congress provides updates on the research results of various network groups members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Baris Akinci
- DEPARK, Dokuz Eylul University & Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Izmir, Turkey
| | - David Araujo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group. Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Heath, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marianna Beghini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Carrion Tudela
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Donadille
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jose Jerez Ruiz
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | - Isabelle Jeru
- Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics « Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza » Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - George D McIlroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- Diabète athérothrombose Océan Indien, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, CHU/Université de La Réunion, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion
| | - Naca Perez de Tudela
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | - Justin J Rochford
- The Rowett Institute and Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition CHU de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Quaranta P, Scabia G, Storti B, Dattilo A, Quintino L, Perrera P, Di Primio C, Costa M, Pistello M, Bizzarri R, Maffei M. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Alters the Phenotype and Gene Expression of Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2086. [PMID: 38396763 PMCID: PMC10889321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence emphasizes that excess fat mass is associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease. Nevertheless, the intricate interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and adipocytes remains poorly understood. It is crucial to decipher the progression of COVID-19 both in the acute phase and on long-term outcomes. In this study, an in vitro model using the human SGBS cell line (Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome) was developed to investigate the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in adipocytes, and the effects of virus exposure on adipocyte function. Our results show that SGBS adipocytes expressing ACE2 are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as evidenced by the release of the viral genome into the medium, detection of the nucleocapsid in cell lysates, and positive immunostaining for the spike protein. Infected adipocytes show remarkable changes compared to uninfected controls: increased surface area of lipid droplets, upregulated expression of genes of inflammation (Haptoglobin, MCP-1, IL-6, PAI-1), increased oxidative stress (MnSOD), and a concomitant reduction of transcripts related to adipocyte function (leptin, fatty acid synthase, perilipin). Moreover, exogenous expression of spike protein in SGBS adipocytes also led to an increase in lipid droplet size. In conclusion using the human SGBS cell line, we detected SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in adipocytes, revealing substantial morphological and functional changes in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.Q.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
- National Research Council—Institute of Neuroscience, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Gaia Scabia
- National Research Council—Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (L.Q.)
- Center for Obesity and Lipodystrophy, Pisa University-Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Barbara Storti
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology, Scuola Normale Superiore, National Research Council—Institute of Nanoscience, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessia Dattilo
- Center for Obesity and Lipodystrophy, Pisa University-Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lara Quintino
- National Research Council—Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (L.Q.)
| | - Paola Perrera
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.Q.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Cristina Di Primio
- National Research Council—Institute of Neuroscience, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Mario Costa
- National Research Council—Institute of Neuroscience, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.Q.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
- Virology Unit, Pisa University-Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Bizzarri
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology, Scuola Normale Superiore, National Research Council—Institute of Nanoscience, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 65, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- National Research Council—Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (L.Q.)
- Center for Obesity and Lipodystrophy, Pisa University-Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Via Filippo Buonarroti 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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4
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Maillette de Buy Wenniger I, Thomas SE, Maffei M, Wein SC, Pont M, Belabas N, Prasad S, Harouri A, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Somaschi N, Auffèves A, Senellart P. Experimental Analysis of Energy Transfers between a Quantum Emitter and Light Fields. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:260401. [PMID: 38215371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.260401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Energy can be transferred between two quantum systems in two forms: unitary energy-that can be used to drive another system-and correlation energy-that reflects past correlations. We propose and implement experimental protocols to access these energy transfers in interactions between a quantum emitter and light fields. Upon spontaneous emission, we measure the unitary energy transfer from the emitter to the light field and show that it never exceeds half the total energy transfer and is reduced when introducing decoherence. We then study the interference of the emitted field and a coherent laser field at a beam splitter and show that the nature of the energy transfer quantitatively depends on the quantum purity of the emitted field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Maillette de Buy Wenniger
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9001, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - S E Thomas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9001, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Maffei
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S C Wein
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Quandela SAS, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Pont
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9001, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - N Belabas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9001, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Prasad
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Harouri
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9001, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9001, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9001, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - N Somaschi
- Quandela SAS, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Auffèves
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
- MajuLab, CNRS-UCA-SU-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Senellart
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9001, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Maffei M, Mazzatenta A, Origlia N. Editorial: Loss of taste and smell in COVID-19 patients: A prognostic tool and a starting point to investigate the action of SARS-CoV-2 in the central nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1191227. [PMID: 37078006 PMCID: PMC10106740 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1191227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maffei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Margherita Maffei
| | - Andrea Mazzatenta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Nicola Origlia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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Mosbah H, Akinci B, Araújo-Vilar D, Carrion Tudela J, Ceccarini G, Collas P, Farooqi IS, Fernández-Pombo A, Jéru I, Karpe F, Krause K, Maffei M, Miehle K, Oral E, Perez de Tudela N, Prieur X, Rochford J, Sanders R, Santini F, Savage DB, von Schnurbein J, Semple R, Stears A, Sorkina E, Vantyghem MC, Vatier C, Vidal-Puig A, Vigouroux C, Wabitsch M. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip) Cambridge, UK, 7-8 April 2022. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2022; 83:461-468. [PMID: 36206842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.07.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases with defects in the development or maintenance of adipose tissue, frequently leading to severe metabolic complications. They may be genetic or acquired, with variable clinical forms, and are largely underdiagnosed. The European Consortium of Lipodystrophies, ECLip, is a fully functional non-profit network of European centers of excellence working in the field of lipodystrophies. It provides a favorable environment to promote large Europe-wide and international collaborations to increase the basic scientific understanding and clinical management of these diseases. It works with patient advocacy groups to increase public awareness. The network also promotes a European Patient Registry of lipodystrophies, as a collaborative research platform for consortium members. The annual congress organized gives an update of the findings of network research groups, highlighting clinical and fundamental aspects. The talks presented during the meeting in Cambridge, UK, in 2022 are summarized in these minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Mosbah
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Baris Akinci
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group. Department of Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Carrion Tudela
- Asociación Internacional de Familiares y Afectados de Lipodistrofias, Calle San Cristobal 7, 30850 Totana, Murcia, España
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Konstanze Miehle
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elif Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naca Perez de Tudela
- Asociación Internacional de Familiares y Afectados de Lipodistrofias, Calle San Cristobal 7, 30850 Totana, Murcia, España
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Justin Rochford
- The Rowett Institute and Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - David B Savage
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Stears
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ekaterina Sorkina
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 11, ulitsa Dmitriya Ulianova, 117036 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, CHU Lille, and Inserm, Institut Pasteur Lille, Lille University, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRC, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Paris, France.
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Stevens J, Szombati D, Maffei M, Elouard C, Assouly R, Cottet N, Dassonneville R, Ficheux Q, Zeppetzauer S, Bienfait A, Jordan AN, Auffèves A, Huard B. Energetics of a Single Qubit Gate. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:110601. [PMID: 36154409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Qubits are physical, a quantum gate thus not only acts on the information carried by the qubit but also on its energy. What is then the corresponding flow of energy between the qubit and the controller that implements the gate? Here we exploit a superconducting platform to answer this question in the case of a quantum gate realized by a resonant drive field. During the gate, the superconducting qubit becomes entangled with the microwave drive pulse so that there is a quantum superposition between energy flows. We measure the energy change in the drive field conditioned on the outcome of a projective qubit measurement. We demonstrate that the drive's energy change associated with the measurement backaction can exceed by far the energy that can be extracted by the qubit. This can be understood by considering the qubit as a weak measurement apparatus of the driving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stevens
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - D Szombati
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - M Maffei
- CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - C Elouard
- QUANTIC team, INRIA de Paris, 2 Rue Simone Iff, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Assouly
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - N Cottet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - R Dassonneville
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Q Ficheux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - S Zeppetzauer
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - A Bienfait
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - A N Jordan
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, California 92866, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Auffèves
- CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - B Huard
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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8
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Mazzatenta A, Maffei M, Di Giulio C, Neri G. COVID-19 Smell Impairment and Crosstalk with Hypoxia Physiology. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091408. [PMID: 36143443 PMCID: PMC9505897 DOI: 10.3390/life12091408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its apomorphic appearance in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nowadays circulates as a plesiomorphic human virus in several synapomorphic variants. The respiratory tract is the most important site of infection, the viral effects in the lungs are well described, and more than half of the patients could develop shortness of breath and dyspnea and require ventilatory support. The physiological sign of this condition is the decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, leading to acute hypoxia, which could be a factor in the disease. In severe patients, we recorded several physiological parameters: breath frequency (BF), partial pressure of oxygen in the blood (pO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood (pCO2), hemoglobin (Hb), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure in correlation with the olfactory threshold. We found significant correlations between reduced olfactory threshold with pO2 and hemoglobin levels, changes in heart rate, and increased HR and pCO2. These results suggest that COVID-19 causes an impaired sense of smell that decreases in threshold corresponding to the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mazzatenta
- Neurophysiology, Olfaction and Chemoreception Laboratory, Physiology and Physiopathology Section, Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences Department, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Camillo Di Giulio
- Neurophysiology, Olfaction and Chemoreception Laboratory, Physiology and Physiopathology Section, Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences Department, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giampiero Neri
- Neurophysiology, Olfaction and Chemoreception Laboratory, Physiology and Physiopathology Section, Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences Department, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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9
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Guzzardi MA, La Rosa F, Campani D, Collado MC, Monleon D, Cacciato Insilla A, Tripodi M, Zega A, Dattilo A, Brunetto MR, Maffei M, Bonino F, Iozzo P. Liver and White/Brown Fat Dystrophy Associates with Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Alterations in 3xTg Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040278. [PMID: 35448465 PMCID: PMC9028874 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic impairments and liver and adipose depots alterations were reported in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), highlighting the role of the liver–adipose–tissue–brain axis in AD pathophysiology. The gut microbiota might play a modulating role. We investigated the alterations to the liver and white/brown adipose tissues (W/BAT) and their relationships with serum and gut metabolites and gut bacteria in a 3xTg mouse model during AD onset (adulthood) and progression (aging) and the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and intranasal insulin (INI). Glucose metabolism (18FDG-PET), tissue radiodensity (CT), liver and W/BAT histology, BAT-thermogenic markers were analyzed. 16S-RNA sequencing and mass-spectrometry were performed in adult (8 months) and aged (14 months) 3xTg-AD mice with a high-fat or control diet. Generalized and HFD resistant deficiency of lipid accumulation in both liver and W/BAT, hypermetabolism in WAT (adulthood) and BAT (aging), abnormal cytokine–hormone profiles, and liver inflammation were observed in 3xTg mice; INI could antagonize all these alterations. Specific gut microbiota–metabolome profiles correlated with a significant disruption of the gut–microbiota–liver–adipose axis in AD mice. In conclusion, fat dystrophy in liver and adipose depots contributes to AD progression, and associates with altered profiles of the gut microbiota, which candidates as an appealing early target for preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3152722
| | - Federica La Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Research Institute INCLIVA/CIBERFES for Frailty and Healthy Aging, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Andrea Cacciato Insilla
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pathology, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Maria Tripodi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| | - Alessandro Zega
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| | | | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
| | - Ferruccio Bonino
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.R.); (M.T.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (P.I.)
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Abstract
Leptin, produced and secreted by white adipose tissue in tight relationship with adipose mass, informs the brain about the status of the energy stores serving as the main peripheral signal for energy balance regulation through interaction with a multitude of highly interconnected neuronal populations. Most obese patients display resistance to the anorectic effect of the hormone. The present review unravels the multiple levels of complexity that trigger hypothalamic response to leptin with the objective of highlighting those critical hubs that, mainly in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, may undergo obesity-induced alterations and create an obstacle to leptin action. Several mechanisms underlying leptin resistance have been proposed, possibly representing useful targets to empower leptin effects. Among these, a special focus is herein dedicated to detail how leptin gains access into the brain and how neuronal plasticity may interfere with leptin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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12
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Dattilo A, Ceccarini G, Scabia G, Magno S, Quintino L, Pelosini C, Salvetti G, Cusano R, Massidda M, Montanelli L, Gilio D, Gatti G, Giacomina A, Costa M, Santini F, Maffei M. Circulating Levels of MiRNAs From 320 Family in Subjects With Lipodystrophy: Disclosing Novel Signatures of the Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:866679. [PMID: 35733784 PMCID: PMC9207177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy (LD) indicates a group of rare disorders, with generalized or partial loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) often associated with metabolic derangements. Heterogeneity/wide spectrum of the disease and lack of biomarkers make diagnosis often difficult. MicroRNAs are important to maintain a correct WAT function and WAT is a source of circulating miRNAs (cmiRs). miRNAs from 320 family were previously detected in the WAT and variably associated to the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was then to investigate if LD can result in altered abundance of cmiRs-320. We collected samples from a cohort of LD subjects of various subtypes and from age matched controls. Use of quantitative PCR determined that cmiRs- 320a-3p, 320b, 320c, 320e are upregulated, while 320d is downregulated in LD. CmiRs-320 power as classifiers was more powerful in the most extreme and defined forms of LD, including the generalized and the Dunnigan subtypes. cmiR-320a-3p showed significant inverse relationships with plasma leptin (P < 0.0001), typically low in LD. The hepatic enzymes gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the marker of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) were inversely related to cmiR 320d (P < 0.05, for CRP and GGT; P < 0.01, for AST and ALT). Gene ontology analysis revealed cell-cell adhesion as a process regulated by 320 miRNAs targets, thus disclosing a novel route to investigate origin of WAT loss/dysfunction. In conclusion, cmiRs-320 constitute novel biomarkers of LD, abundance of miR320a-3p is inversely associated to indicators related to WAT function, while downregulation of cmiR-320d predicts an altered hepatic profile and higher inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Dattilo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Scabia
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Quintino
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Salvetti
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia, Pula (CA), Italy
| | - Matteo Massidda
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia, Pula (CA), Italy
| | - Lucia Montanelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gatti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mario Costa
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Pisano Flash Radiotherapy, Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CPFR@CISUP), Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Margherita Maffei,
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13
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Hofer S, Maffei M, Ferrari P, Selman SB, Waskiewicz J, Haller M. Assessment of the influence of shoulder movement on the plan quality of different VMAT techniques in head and neck cancer treatments. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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14
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Ferrari P, Hofer S, Maffei M, Selman SB, Haller M. A feasibility study: can DIBH reduce dose in left breast cancer radiotherapy? Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Scabia G, Testa G, Scali M, Del Turco S, Desiato G, Berardi N, Sale A, Matteoli M, Maffei L, Maffei M, Mainardi M. Reduced ccl11/eotaxin mediates the beneficial effects of environmental stimulation on the aged hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:234-244. [PMID: 34418501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A deterioration in cognitive performance accompanies brain aging, even in the absence of neurodegenerative pathologies. However, the rate of cognitive decline can be slowed down by enhanced cognitive and sensorimotor stimulation protocols, such as environmental enrichment (EE). Understanding how EE exerts its beneficial effects on the aged brain pathophysiology can help in identifying new therapeutic targets. In this regard, the inflammatory chemokine ccl11/eotaxin-1 is a marker of aging with a strong relevance for neurodegenerative processes. Here, we demonstrate that EE in both elderly humans and aged mice decreases circulating levels of ccl11. Interfering, in mice, with the ccl11 decrease induced by EE ablated the beneficial effects on long-term memory retention, hippocampal neurogenesis, activation of local microglia and of ribosomal protein S6. On the other hand, treatment of standard-reared aged mice with an anti-ccl11 antibody resulted in EE-like improvements in spatial memory, hippocampal neurogenesis, and microglial activation. Taken together, our findings point to a decrease in circulating ccl11 concentration as a key mediator of the enhanced hippocampal function resulting from exposure to EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Scabia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Obesity and Lipodystrophies Center at Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Testa
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Scali
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Genni Desiato
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sale
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lamberto Maffei
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Obesity and Lipodystrophies Center at Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy.
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16
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Arnold CR, Lindner AK, Schachtner G, Tulchiner G, Tulchiner N, Mangesius J, Maffei M, Horninger W, Kouvaiou O, Lukas P, Ganswindt U, Pichler R, Skvortsov S. Vinorelbine in bladder-preserving multimodality treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer-a valid option for cisplatin-unfit patients? Strahlenther Onkol 2021; 198:25-32. [PMID: 34414475 PMCID: PMC8760228 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-021-01837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains challenging, especially for elderly and/or comorbid patients. Patients who are unfit for or refuse surgery should receive bladder-preserving multimodality treatment (BPMT), consisting of transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURB) followed by combined chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of vinorelbine, a chemotherapeutic agent not routinely used for MIBC, in patients referred to CRT who are unfit for standard chemotherapy and would thus rely solely on radiotherapy (RT). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 52 consecutive patients with MIBC who received standard CRT with cisplatin (n = 14), CRT with vinorelbine (n = 26), or RT alone (n = 12). Primary endpoints were median overall survival (OS) and median cancer-specific survival (CSS). Secondary endpoints were median local control (LC), median distant control (DC), and OS, CSS, LC, and DC after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Results Median OS and CSS were significantly higher for patients who received vinorelbine as compared to RT alone (OS 8 vs. 22 months, p = 0.003; CSS 11 months vs. not reached, p = 0.001). Median LC and DC did not differ significantly between groups. Vinorelbine was well tolerated with no reported side effects >grade II. Conclusion Our results suggest that CRT with vinorelbine is well tolerated and superior to RT alone in terms of OS and CSS. Therefore, this treatment regime might constitute a new treatment option for patients with MIBC who are unfit for or refuse surgery or standard chemotherapy. This study encourages a randomized controlled trial to compare this new regime to current standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Arnold
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A K Lindner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Schachtner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Tulchiner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Tulchiner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Mangesius
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Maffei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital Bolzano, Lorenz Böhler Straße 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - W Horninger
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Kouvaiou
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Lukas
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - U Ganswindt
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - S Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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17
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Hofer S, Maffei M, Ferrari P, Bou Selman S, Waskiewicz J, Haller M. PO-1853 Assessment of the influence of shoulder movement on the Vmat plan quality in Head&Neck treatments. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Ferrari P, Haller M, Bou Selman S, Rosa M, Hofer S, Waskiewicz J, Maffei M. PO-1741 A feasibility study: collimator angle, gantry spacing and sliding window can improve HNC plans? Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Ruiu A, Stuppner S, Tripodi M, Maffei M, Erdini F, Ferro F. [Diagnosis at first sight]. Radiologe 2021; 61:667-670. [PMID: 33779766 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-021-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiu
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Regionalkrankenhaus Bozen, 39100, Bozen, Provinz Bozen - Südtirol, Italien.
| | - S Stuppner
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Regionalkrankenhaus Bozen, 39100, Bozen, Provinz Bozen - Südtirol, Italien
| | - M Tripodi
- Abteilung für Neurochirurgie, Regionalkrankenhaus Bozen, Bozen, Südtirol, Italien
| | - M Maffei
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie, Regionalkrankenhaus Bozen, Bozen, Südtirol, Italien
| | - F Erdini
- Abteilung für pathologische Anatomie, Regionalkrankenhaus Bozen, Bozen, Südtirol, Italien
| | - F Ferro
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Regionalkrankenhaus Bozen, 39100, Bozen, Provinz Bozen - Südtirol, Italien
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20
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Hofer S, Ferrari P, Maffei M, Haller M. PO-1397: Validation of two different Monte Carlo engines for secondary independent dose calculation. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Ferrari P, Stefan H, Haller M, Waskiewicz J, Bou Selman S, Rosa M, Maffei M. PO-1445: A feasibility study: can a vol/dose model in HNC standardize plans and optimize planning time? Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Magno S, Ceccarini G, Pelosini C, Ferrari F, Prodam F, Gilio D, Maffei M, Sessa MR, Barison A, Ciccarone A, Emdin M, Aimaretti G, Santini F. Atypical Progeroid Syndrome and Partial Lipodystrophy Due to LMNA Gene p.R349W Mutation. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa108. [PMID: 32913962 PMCID: PMC7474543 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical progeroid syndrome (APS) comprises heterogeneous disorders characterized by variable degrees of fat loss, metabolic alterations, and comorbidities that affect skeleton, muscles, and/or the heart. We describe 3 patients that were referred to our center for the suspicion of lipodystrophy. They had precocious aging traits such as short stature, mandibular hypoplasia, beaked nose, and partial alopecia manifesting around 10 to 15 years of age recurrently associated with: (1) partial lipodystrophy; (2) proteinuric nephropathy; (3) heart disease (rhythm disorders, valvular abnormalities, and cardiomyopathy); and (4) sensorineural hearing impairment. In all patients, genetic testing revealed a missense heterozygous lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutation c.1045 C > T (p.Arg349Trp). Ten patients with LMNA p.R349W mutation have been reported so far, all presenting with similar features, which represent the key pathological hallmarks of this subtype of APS. The associated kidney and cardiac complications occurring in the natural history of the disease may reduce life expectancy. Therefore, in these patients a careful and periodic cardiac and kidney function evaluation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Magno
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Laboratories of Clinical Chemistry and Endocrinology of the University Hospital of Cisanello, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Medical Sciences "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Novara, University of Piemonte Orientale, Division of Pediatrics, Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Sessa
- Laboratories of Clinical Chemistry and Endocrinology of the University Hospital of Cisanello, Italy
| | - Andrea Barison
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Michele Emdin
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Scabia G, Cancello R, Dallanoce C, Berger S, Matera C, Dattilo A, Zulian A, Barone I, Ceccarini G, Santini F, De Amici M, Di Blasio AM, Maffei M. ICH3, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, modulates adipocyte inflammation associated with obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:983-993. [PMID: 31965518 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), involved in the modulation of inflammation and insulin sensitivity, is downregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese patients. This study aims to test the ability of a selective synthetic α7nAChR agonist, the spirocyclic Δ2-isoxazoline derivative (R)-(-)-ICH3 (ICH3), to counteract acute inflammation and obesity-associated modifications in WAT. METHODS We employed the LPS-septic shock murine model, human primary adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Inflammatory factor expression was assessed by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was employed to define WAT inflammatory infiltrate. Insulin signaling was monitored by quantification of AKT phosphorylation. RESULTS In the septic shock model, ICH3 revealed antipyretic action and reduced the surge of circulating cytokines. In vitro, ICH3 stimulation (10 µM) preserved viability of human adipocytes, decreased IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.05) and blunted LPS-induced peak of TNFα (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P < 0.01). Chronic administration of ICH3 to DIO mice was associated with lower numbers of CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05) and to changed WAT expression of inflammatory factors (Hp, P < 0.05; CD301/MGL1, P < 0.01; Arg-1, P < 0.05). As compared to untreated, ICH3 DIO mice exhibited improved insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.01) mirrored by an improved response to glucose load (ipGTT: P < 0.05 at 120 min). CONCLUSIONS We proved that ICH3 is an anti-inflammatory drug, able to reduce inflammatory cytokines in human adipocytes and to blunt the effects of obesity on WAT inflammatory profile, on glucose tolerance and on tissue insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scabia
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Cancello
- Laboratorio di Ricerche Sull'Obesità, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Berger
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Matera
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Dattilo
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Zulian
- Laboratorio di Ricerche Sull'Obesità, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - I Barone
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Di Blasio
- Laboratorio di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Maffei
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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24
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Venema W, Severi I, Perugini J, Di Mercurio E, Mainardi M, Maffei M, Cinti S, Giordano A. Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Acts on Distinctive Hypothalamic Arcuate Neurons and Promotes Leptin Entry Into and Action on the Mouse Hypothalamus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:140. [PMID: 32528252 PMCID: PMC7253709 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and experimental animals, the administration of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) reduces food intake and body weight. To gain further insights into the mechanism(s) underlying its satiety effect, we: (i) evaluated the CNTF-dependent activation of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in mouse models where neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons can be identified by green fluorescent protein (GFP); and (ii) assessed whether CNTF promotes leptin signaling in hypothalamic feeding centers. Immunohistochemical experiments enabled us to establish that intraperitoneal injection of mouse recombinant CNTF activated the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in a substantial proportion of arcuate nucleus (ARC) NPY neurons (18.68% ± 0.60 in 24-h fasted mice and 25.50% ± 1.17 in fed mice) but exerted a limited effect on POMC neurons (4.15% ± 0.33 in 24-h fasted mice and 2.84% ± 0.45 in fed mice). CNTF-responsive NPY neurons resided in the ventromedial ARC, facing the median eminence (ME), and were surrounded by albumin immunoreactivity, suggesting that they are located outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In both normally fed and high-fat diet (HFD) obese animals, CNTF activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in ME β1- and β2-tanycytes, an effect that has been linked to the promotion of leptin entry into the brain. Accordingly, compared to the animals treated with leptin, mice treated with leptin/CNTF showed: (i) a significantly greater leptin content in hypothalamic protein extracts; (ii) a significant increase in phospho-STAT3 (P-STAT3)-positive neurons in the ARC and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of normally fed mice; and (iii) a significantly increased number of P-STAT3-positive neurons in the ARC and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus of HFD obese mice. Collectively, these data suggest that exogenously administered CNTF reduces food intake by exerting a leptin-like action on distinctive NPY ARC neurons and by promoting leptin signaling in hypothalamic feeding centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebe Venema
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Mercurio
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Cinti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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25
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Ceccarini G, Magno S, Pelosini C, Ferrari F, Sessa MR, Scabia G, Maffei M, Jéru I, Lascols O, Vigouroux C, Santini F. Congenital Generalized Lipoatrophy (Berardinelli-Seip Syndrome) Type 1: Description of Novel AGPAT2 Homozygous Variants Showing the Highly Heterogeneous Presentation of the Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32117065 PMCID: PMC7034310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipoatrophy (BSCL) is characterized by near total fat atrophy, associated with the progressive development of metabolic complications. BSCL type 1 (BSCL1) is caused by mutations in AGPAT2, encoding 1-acylglycerol-3phosphate-O-acyltransferase β (recently renamed lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase beta), which catalyzes the transformation of lysophosphatidic acid in phosphatidic acid, the precursor of glycerophospholipids and triglycerides. BSCL1 is an autosomal recessive disease due to AGPAT2 pathogenic variants leading to a depletion of triglycerides inside the adipose organ, and to a defective signaling of key elements involved in proper adipogenesis. We herein investigated the characteristics of two AGPAT2 variants in Caucasian Italian patients with Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipoatrophy. The first patient exhibited a novel homozygous nonsense c.430 C > T AGPAT2 mutation (p.Gln144*) predicting the synthesis of a truncated enzyme of approximately half of the proper size. The second patient harbored a homozygous AGPAT2 missense variant (p.Arg159Cys), never described previously in BSCL1 patients: the segregation of the disease with the mutation in the pedigree of the family and the in silico analysis are compatible with a causative role of the p.Arg159Cys variant. We remark that BSCL1 can be clinically very heterogeneous at presentation and that the associated complications, occurring in the natural history of the disease, reduce life-expectancy. We point to the necessity for medical treatments capable of reducing the risk of cardiovascular death. In BSCL1 patients, the assessment of cardiovascular disease with conventional diagnostic means maybe particularly challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Ceccarini
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory at University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Sessa
- Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory at University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Scabia
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Paris, France
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Maffei M, Mainardi M. Editorial: Metabolic Mediators and Synapses: Linking Body Periphery to Neural Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:378. [PMID: 31507378 PMCID: PMC6718701 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,Endocrinology Unit, Obesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Ceccarini G, Pelosini C, Ferrari F, Magno S, Vitti J, Salvetti G, Moretto C, Marioni A, Buccianti P, Piaggi P, Maffei M, Santini F. Serum IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) concentrations change early after gastric bypass bariatric surgery revealing a possible marker of leptin sensitivity in obese subjects. Endocrine 2019; 65:86-93. [PMID: 30945111 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Expression of IGFBP-2 in mice is regulated by leptin. Over-expression of IGFBP-2 is associated with reduced caloric intake and resistance to weight gain. Hormonal variations contributing to weight loss occur very early after bariatric surgery but have not been fully elucidated. We evaluated IGFBP-2 serum changes after bariatric surgery and their relationship with leptin variations to test the hypothesis that an increase of leptin sensitivity may explain some of the effects of gastric bypass. METHODS This is a historical prospective study. Fifty-one obese patients (41 women e 10 men), 9 non-obese surgical controls and 41 lean matched controls were studied. Serum IGFBP-2 and leptin were measured after bariatric bypass surgery at various time points up to 18 months, after non-bariatric laparoscopic surgery in a control group, and in lean matched controls. RESULTS Compared to lean controls, serum IGFBP-2 levels were lower in obese patients. After gastric bypass, IGFBP-2 significantly increased at 3 days and became normal before the occurrence of relevant changes in body weight, remaining stable up to 18 months after surgery. IGFBP-2/leptin ratio increased early after surgery and became normal after one year. CONCLUSIONS After gastric bypass, serum IGFBP-2 increases in a window of time when variations of hormones mediating the effects of bariatric surgery occur. Our results suggest that IGFBP-2, a leptin-regulated protein, may be an in-vivo marker of leptin action. If this is the case, an early improvement of leptin sensitivity might contribute to the anorectic effect of gastric bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vitti
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Salvetti
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Moretto
- Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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28
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Maffei M, Selman SB, Hofer S, Haller M, Ferrari P. PO-0937 Can butterfly VMAT in DIBH reduce dose of LAD in left breast cancer radiotherapy? Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Bruno RM, Stea F, Sicari R, Ghiadoni L, Taddei S, Ungar A, Bonuccelli U, Tognoni G, Cintoli S, Del Turco S, Sbrana S, Gargani L, D’Angelo G, Pratali L, Berardi N, Maffei L, Picano E, Andreassi M, Angelucci A, Baldacci F, Baroncelli L, Begenisic T, Bellinvia P, Biagi L, Bonaccorsi J, Bonanni E, Borghini A, Braschi C, Broccardi M, Caleo M, Carlesi C, Carnicelli L, Cartoni G, Cecchetti L, Cenni M, Ceravolo R, Chico L, Cioni G, Costa M, D’Ascanio P, De Nes M, Di Coscio E, Di Galante M, di Lascio N, Faita F, Falorni I, Faraguna U, Fenu A, Fortunato L, Franco R, Gargiulo R, Giorgi F, Iannarella R, Iofrida C, Kusmic C, Limongi F, Maestri M, Maffei M, Maggi S, Mainardi M, Mammana L, Marabotti A, Mariotti V, Melissari E, Mercuri A, Molinaro S, Narducci R, Navarra T, Noale M, Pagni C, Palumbo S, Pasquariello R, Pellegrini S, Pietrini P, Pizzorusso T, Poli A, Retico A, Ricciardi E, Rota G, Sale A, Scabia G, Scali M, Scelfo D, Siciliano G, Tonacci A, Tosetti M, Turchi S, Volpi L. Vascular Function Is Improved After an Environmental Enrichment Program. Hypertension 2018; 71:1218-1225. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment may slow cognitive decay possibly acting through an improvement in vascular function. Aim of the study was to assess the effects of a 7-month cognitive, social, and physical training program on cognitive and vascular function in patients with mild cognitive impairment. In a single-center, randomized, parallel-group study, 113 patients (age, 65–89 years) were randomized to multidomain training (n=55) or usual care (n=58). All participants underwent neuropsychological tests and vascular evaluation, including brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity, carotid distensibility, and assessment of circulating hematopoietic CD34+ and endothelial progenitor cells. At study entry, an age-matched control group (n=45) was also studied. Compared with controls, patients had at study entry a reduced flow-mediated dilation (2.97±2.14% versus 3.73±2.06%;
P
=0.03) and hyperemic stimulus (shear rate area under the curve, 19.1±15.7 versus 25.7±15.1×10
−3
;
P
=0.009); only the latter remained significant after adjustment for confounders (
P
=0.03). Training improved Alzheimer disease assessment scale cognitive (training, 14.0±4.8 to 13.1±5.5; nontraining, 12.1±3.9 to 13.2±4.8;
P
for interaction visit×training=0.02), flow-mediated dilation (2.82±2.19% to 3.40±1.81%, 3.05±2.08% to 2.24±1.59%;
P
=0.006;
P
=0.023 after adjustment for diameter and shear rate area under the curve), and circulating hematopoietic CD34
+
cells and prevented the decline in carotid distensibility (18.4±5.3 to 20.0±6.6, 23.9±11.0 to 19.5±7.1 Pa
−1
;
P
=0.005). The only clinical predictor of improvement of cognitive function after training was established hypertension. There was no correlation between changes in measures of cognitive and vascular function. In conclusion, a multidomain training program slows cognitive decline, especially in hypertensive individuals. This effect is accompanied by improved systemic endothelial function, mobilization of progenitor CD34
+
cells, and preserved carotid distensibility.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01725178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Bruno
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., L.G., S.T., U.B.)
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
| | - Francesco Stea
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., L.G., S.T., U.B.)
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
| | - Rosa Sicari
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Ghiadoni
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., L.G., S.T., U.B.)
| | - Stefano Taddei
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., L.G., S.T., U.B.)
| | | | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., L.G., S.T., U.B.)
| | - Gloria Tognoni
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Italy (A.U.); Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Italy (G.T., S.C.)
| | - Simona Cintoli
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Italy (A.U.); Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Italy (G.T., S.C.)
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
| | - Silverio Sbrana
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
| | - Luna Gargani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
| | - Gennaro D’Angelo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
| | - Lorenza Pratali
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
| | | | | | - Eugenio Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy (R.M.B., F.S., R.S., S.D.T., S.S., L.G., G.D., L.P., E.P.)
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Barone I, Melani R, Mainardi M, Scabia G, Scali M, Dattilo A, Ceccarini G, Vitti P, Santini F, Maffei L, Pizzorusso T, Maffei M. Fluoxetine Modulates the Activity of Hypothalamic POMC Neurons via mTOR Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9267-9279. [PMID: 29663284 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are important players in the regulation of energy homeostasis; we previously demonstrated that environmental stimulation excites arcuate nucleus circuits to undergo plastic remodeling, leading to altered ratio between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contacts on these neurons. The widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) is known to affect body weight. On the other hand, FLX administration mimics the effects of environmental stimulation on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and cortex. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is instrumental in these phenomena. Thus, we aimed at investigating whether and how FLX affects POMC neurons activity and hypothalamic mTOR function. Adult mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the POMC promoter were treated with FLX for 3 weeks resulting in diminished body weight. Patch clamp recordings performed on POMC neurons indicate that FLX increases their firing rate and the excitatory AMPA-mediated transmission, and reduces the inhibitory GABAergic currents at presynaptic level. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that FLX increases the ratio between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contacts on POMC neurons. These changes are associated with an increased activity of the hypothalamic mTOR pathway. Use of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blunts the effects of FLX on body weight and on functional and structural plasticity of POMC neurons. Our findings indicate that FLX is able to remodel POMC neurons, and that this may be partly mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barone
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Via Paradisa 2, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Melani
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Scabia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Via Paradisa 2, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Scali
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Dattilo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Via Paradisa 2, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Via Paradisa 2, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Via Paradisa 2, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Via Paradisa 2, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lamberto Maffei
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- NEUROFARBA Department, Università di Firenze, Via di San Savi 26, 50235, Florence, Italy.
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Via Paradisa 2, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Hosoi T, Maffei M. Editorial: Leptin Resistance in Metabolic Disorders: Possible Mechanisms and Treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:300. [PMID: 29163368 PMCID: PMC5673631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hosoi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toru Hosoi, ; Margherita Maffei,
| | - Margherita Maffei
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- Obesity Center at Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Toru Hosoi, ; Margherita Maffei,
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Abstract
We describe the MR features which appeared after resection of a medulloblastoma in the posterior fossa in a boy who developed postoperative cerebellar mutism. The anatomical and physiopathological factors responsible for this disorder are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - F. Calbucci
- Neurosurgery Division, Bellaria Hospital Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Obesity is a low chronic inflammatory state because several inflammatory factors are increased in obese subjects, this having important implications for the onset of obesity-associated complications. The source of most of these inflammatory molecules is white adipose tissue (WAT), which upon excessive weight gain, becomes infiltrated with macrophages and lymphocytes and undergoes important changes in its gene expression. Haptoglobin (Hp), a typical marker of inflammation in clinical practice, main carrier of free hemoglobin, and long known to be part of the hepatic acute phase response, perfectly sits in the intersection between obesity and inflammation: it is expressed by adipocytes and its abundance in WAT and in plasma positively relates to the degree of adiposity. In the present review, we will analyze causes and consequences of Hp expression and regulation in WAT and how these relate to the obesity/inflammation paradigm and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barone
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Scabia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Haller M, Hofer S, Ferrari P, Maffei M. Catalyst system in breast cancer radiation therapy: Feasibility study and performance assessment. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Haller M, Hofer S, Ferrari P, Maffei M. NAL protocol implementation and reduction of systematic errors in patient setup during radiation therapy. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ceccarini G, Maffei M, Vitti P, Santini F. Fuel homeostasis and locomotor behavior: role of leptin and melanocortin pathways. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:125-31. [PMID: 25501840 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is now accepted that genes and their products affect food intake, the concept that locomotor behavior or the propensity for physical activity is controlled by neuro hum oral regulators is frequently underappreciated. In mammals, complex interactions have developed to allow the cross-talk between fuel homeostasis and physical activity. AIM The aim of this review is to provide a synopsis of the influence of the leptin-melanocortin pathway, a well-studied pivotal player in body weight regulation, on locomotor behaviors. CONCLUSIONS In rodents, reductions in leptin levels that physiologically occur following acute food deprivation or a reduction of the fat mass consequent to prolonged caloric restrictions are associated with a decrease in total locomotor activity and simultaneous increase in food-anticipatory activity, a locomotor behavior which reflects a foraging attitude. These actions can be prevented by leptin administration and are at least partially mediated by the neurons of the melanocortin pathway. In humans, twin studies have attributed to genetic factors approximately 50% of the variance of physical activity. An elevated number of the genes or loci which may affect physical activity are involved in body weight homeostasis. Polymorphisms of the melanocortin-4 and leptin receptors have repeatedly been associated with the level of physical activity. Unraveling the complexity of the regulation of locomotor behavior and the interconnections with the pathways involved in energy homeostasis may help explain the substantial individual variability in physical activities in humans and disentangle the harmful effects of sedentary lifestyle, which may be distinct from the detrimental effects of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ceccarini
- Obesity Center at the Endocrine Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - M Maffei
- Obesity Center at the Endocrine Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Vitti
- Obesity Center at the Endocrine Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Santini
- Obesity Center at the Endocrine Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Maffei M, Longa E, Qaisar R, Agoni V, Desaphy JF, Camerino DC, Bottinelli R, Canepari M. Actin sliding velocity on pure myosin isoforms from hindlimb unloaded mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:316-29. [PMID: 24888432 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Notwithstanding the widely accepted idea that following disuse skeletal muscles become faster, an increase in shortening velocity was previously observed mostly in fibres containing type 1 myosin, whereas a decrease was generally found in fibres containing type 2B myosin. In this study, unloaded shortening velocity of pure type 1 and 2B fibres from hindlimb unloaded mice was determined and a decrease in type 2B fibres was found. METHODS To clarify whether the decrease in shortening velocity could depend on alterations of myosin motor function, an in vitro motility assay approach was applied to study pure type 1 and pure type 2B myosin from hindlimb unloaded mice. The latter approach, assessing actin sliding velocity on isolated myosin in the absence of other myofibrillar proteins, enabled to directly investigate myosin motor function. RESULTS Actin sliding velocity was significantly lower on type 2B myosin following unloading (2.70 ± 0.32 μm s(-1)) than in control conditions (4.11 ± 0.35 μm s(-1)), whereas actin sliding velocity of type 1 myosin was not different following unloading (0.89 ± 0.04 μm s(-1)) compared with control conditions (0.84 ± 0.17 μm s(-1)). Myosin light chain (MLC) isoform composition of type 2B myosin from hindlimb unloaded and control mice was not different. No oxidation of either type 1 or 2B myosin was observed. Higher phosphorylation of regulatory MLC in type 2B myosin after unloading was found. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the observed lower shortening velocity of type 2B fibres following unloading could be related to slowing of acto-myosin kinetics in the presence of MLC phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Maffei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - E. Longa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - R. Qaisar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - V. Agoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - J.-F. Desaphy
- Section of Pharmacology; Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences and Interuniversity Institute of Myology; University of Bari - Aldo Moro; Bari Italy
| | - D. Conte Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology; Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences and Interuniversity Institute of Myology; University of Bari - Aldo Moro; Bari Italy
| | - R. Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
- Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS); Scientific Institute of Pavia; Pavia Italy
- Interdipartimental Centre of Biology and Sport Medicine; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - M. Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Interuniversity; Institute of Myology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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Pelosini C, Martinelli S, Ceccarini G, Magno S, Barone I, Basolo A, Fierabracci P, Vitti P, Maffei M, Santini F. Identification of a novel mutation in the polymerase delta 1 (POLD1) gene in a lipodystrophic patient affected by mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features (MDPL) syndrome. Metabolism 2014; 63:1385-9. [PMID: 25131834 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progressive lipodystrophy is one of the major features of the rare MDPL syndrome. Until now, 9 patients affected by this syndrome have been described and a recent study identified in 4 of them an in-frame deletion (Ser605del) of a single codon in the POLD1 gene. Sequence alterations of the POLD1 gene at different sites have been previously reported in human colorectal and endometrial carcinomas. MATERIALS/METHODS A 48-year-old woman was admitted to our department for the assessment of a previously diagnosed lipodystrophy. She did not report a family history of diabetes or other metabolic disorders. Hypertriglyceridemia was diagnosed incidentally when she was 25years old. At that time she was also diagnosed with sensorineural bilateral hearing loss. At physical examination she presented lipoatrophy affecting nearly the entire body, mandibular hypoplasia, bird-like face, beaked nose, progeroid facial features, with crowded teeth, small mouth and uvula. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly and hepatosteatosis. Fat mass index measured with DXA was 4.59kg/m(2), indicating a fat deficit; the oral glucose tolerance test showed an impaired glucose tolerance. RESULTS Sequence analysis of the entire coding region of the POLD1 gene, disclosed a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 13 (R507C). CONCLUSION The MDPL patient herein described harbors a novel mutation in the exonuclease domain of POLD1. This new variant provides further evidence for a role of POLD1 in the pathogenesis of MDPL. The mechanisms that link changes at various sites of the protein with different diseases remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Basolo
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Fierabracci
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy; CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy.
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Giannaccini G, Betti L, Palego L, Marsili A, Santini F, Pelosini C, Fabbrini L, Schmid L, Giusti L, Maffei M, Lanza M, Cristofaro M, Baroni S, Mauri M, Vitti P, Fierabracci P, Lucacchini A. The expression of platelet serotonin transporter (SERT) in human obesity. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:128. [PMID: 24138674 PMCID: PMC4016247 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serotonin (5-HT) is a well-known modulator of eating behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms linking its action to body weight balance have been only partially elucidated. Since platelets are a suitable peripheral model to study 5-HT transport, metabolism and release, we herein evaluated the expression of the platelet 5-HT re-uptake system (SERT) by [3H]-paroxetine binding assay. A cohort of 114 unrelated individuals (34 males, 80 females; age, mean ± SD: 38.57 ± 12.47 years) without major psychiatric disorders, was recruited following a naturalistic design regarding age or gender and classified accordingly to their body mass index (BMI). Subjects were divided into 5 groups: normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW) and grade I-III obese (OB) individuals. For gender analyses, data were transformed into [3H]-paroxetine density (Bmax)/BMI ratios to overcome both the disparity of women vs. men number and anthropometric differences between sexes. Results [3H]-paroxetine Bmax (SERT density, fmol/mg proteins) was reduced in platelet membranes of grade II (p < 0.01) and III (p < 0.001) obese subjects vs. controls and in overweight subjects (p < 0.05) vs. grade III obese individuals. Considering all patients together, a strong negative correlation between Bmax and BMI (r = −0.449; P < 0.0001) was demonstrated. Conversely, [3H]-paroxetine KD (dissociation constant, nM) did not differ among groups. No gender-related variation concerning Bmax/BMI ratios was observed in this cohort of subjects. Conclusions The down-regulation of SERT in platelet membranes of severe human obesity (BMI > 35 Kg/m2) confirms the involvement of 5-HT system in body weight gain. Moreover, this findings may help to elucidate those monoamine-endocrine networks acting on fat storage, adipocyte signaling and energy balance. Targeting 5-HT/5-HT-related markers will possibly uncover the existence of human obesity subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Giannaccini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126-I, Italy.
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Pelosini C, Maffei M, Ceccarini G, Marchi M, Marsili A, Galli G, Scartabelli G, Tamberi A, Latrofa F, Fierabracci P, Vitti P, Pinchera A, Santini F. Frequency of the GPR7 Tyr135Phe allelic variant in lean and obese subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:712-5. [PMID: 23563248 DOI: 10.3275/8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPR7, the endogenous coupled receptor for neuropeptide B and neuropeptide W, is expressed in several regions of the central nervous system, which are involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. GPR7 affects the regulation of energy balance through a mechanism independent of leptin and melanocortin pathways. AIM Aim of this study was to investigate whether GPR7 gene mutations can be detected in human subjects and, in that event, if they are differently distributed among lean and obese subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The coding region of GPR7 were sequenced in 150 obese patients and 100 normal-weight unrelated controls. Functional studies of the allelic variants were performed. RESULTS One genetic GPR7 variant was found (Tyr135Phe - rs33977775) in obese subjects (13.3%) and lean control (25%). Functional studies did not reveal significant differences between the wild type and the Tyr135Phe allelic variants in their NPW-mediated capacity to inhibit forskolin-induced cAMP production. CONCLUSIONS Screening of GPR7 gene mutations among lean and obese subjects revealed a Tyr135Phe allelic variant that was fairly common in the study population. As indicated by in vitro and in silico studies, this variant is unlikely to cause a functional derangement of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pelosini
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Panighini A, Duranti E, Santini F, Maffei M, Pizzorusso T, Funel N, Taddei S, Bernardini N, Ippolito C, Virdis A, Costa M. Vascular dysfunction in a mouse model of Rett syndrome and effects of curcumin treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64863. [PMID: 23705018 PMCID: PMC3660336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the coding sequence of the X-linked gene MeCP2 (Methyl CpG–binding protein) are present in around 80% of patients with Rett Syndrome, a common cause of intellectual disability in female and to date without any effective pharmacological treatment. A relevant, and so far unexplored feature of RTT patients, is a marked reduction in peripheral circulation. To investigate the relationship between loss of MeCP2 and this clinical aspect, we used the MeCP2 null mouse model B6.129SF1-MeCP2tm1Jae for functional and pharmacological studies. Functional experiments were performed on isolated resistance mesenteric vessels, mounted on a pressurized myograph. Vessels from female MeCP2+/− mice show a reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation, due to a reduced Nitric Oxide (NO) availability secondary to an increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation. Such functional aspects are associated with an intravascular increase in superoxide anion production, and a decreased vascular eNOS expression. These alterations are reversed by curcumin administration (5% (w/w) dietary curcumin for 21 days), which restores endothelial NO availability, decreases intravascular ROS production and normalizes vascular eNOS gene expression. In conclusion our findings highlight alterations in the vascular/endothelial system in the absence of a correct function of MeCP2, and uncover related cellular/molecular mechanisms that are rescued by an anti-oxidant treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Vessels/drug effects
- Blood Vessels/physiopathology
- Curcumin/administration & dosage
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Curcumin/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Immunohistochemistry
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rett Syndrome/complications
- Rett Syndrome/drug therapy
- Rett Syndrome/physiopathology
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Vascular Diseases/complications
- Vascular Diseases/drug therapy
- Vascular Diseases/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Panighini
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Emiliano Duranti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney; University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney; University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Food Science, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail: (AV); (MC)
| | - Mario Costa
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail: (AV); (MC)
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Angelini G, Amaro A, Esposito A, Maffei M, Giaretti W, Astigiano S, Barbieri O, Viale M, Zunino A, Pfeffer U. 414 Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of an Invasive Subpopulation of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Gamucci O, Lisi S, Scabia G, Marchi M, Piaggi P, Duranti E, Virdis A, Pinchera A, Santini F, Maffei M. Haptoglobin deficiency determines changes in adipocyte size and adipogenesis. Adipocyte 2012; 1:142-183. [PMID: 23700523 PMCID: PMC3609090 DOI: 10.4161/adip.20041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is an inflammatory and adiposity marker, its expression during obesity being specifically induced in the white adipose tissue (WAT). We previously reported that when challenged with a high fat diet (HFD) Hp−/− mice are partially protected from the onset of insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. The aim of the present study was to get further insights into Hp function in WAT. To this end, we performed histological and gene expression analysis of the Hp−/− WAT, both in standard and obesity conditions, and investigated how Hp deficiency impacts adipogenesis and WAT development.
The average size and percentage of very large adipocytes were respectively smaller and reduced in HFD Hp−/− mice as compared with HFD WT. The expression of perilipin, HSL and angiogenesis related markers were increased in HFD Hp−/− mice. Lean adult Hp−/− showed significantly larger adipocytes and lower subcutaneous WAT expression of aP2 and LPL with respect to WT. Hp−/− young mice (P30) were characterized by larger adipocyte size and lower expression of adipocyte and adipogenesis markers. Comparison of adipocyte size distribution between young and adult mice revealed attenuated changes in Hp−/− mice compared with WT. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Hp−/− mice were less capable of accumulating triglycerides and exhibited lower expression of PPARγ, aP2, FAS, LPL and Leptin.
In conclusion, Hp deficiency tends to blunt the effect of age and diet on the size of adipocytes, which show less susceptibility to develop hypertrophy during obesity and a reduced adipogenic/hyperplastic potential during youth. In addition, Hp deficiency impacts negatively on adipogenesis.
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Piperno R, Battistini A, Cevolani D, Maffei M, Leonardi M, Agati R. FMRI activation with an "affective speech" paradigm in vegetative and minimally conscious States: applicability and prognostic value. Neuroradiol J 2012; 25:289-99. [PMID: 24028981 DOI: 10.1177/197140091202500303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) are considered different clinical entities but their differential diagnosis remains challenging. Some VS patients can show an MCS-like activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that seems to predict recovery from VS. We studied fMRI activation with an affective speech paradigm in a cohort of non-communicative brain-injured individuals consecutively admitted to a post-acute neurorehabilitation facility in five years. Among 93 eligible subjects, 65 met the clinical criteria for VS and 28 for MCS. Because of exclusion criteria, activation studies were performed in only 30 cases out of 93 and analysed in only 24 (about ¼ of the eligible cases): 19 VS and five MCS patients. The passive acoustic stimulus consisted in a familiar voice narrating a significant episode in the patient's life, administered by nonmagnetic earphones. All the MCS patients showed an activation spread to secondary associative cortices but also 52.7% of the VS patients displayed an "atypical" large-scale activation pattern. Regarding the clinical outcome, 80% of the patients with large-scale network activation (LSNA) had some recovery of consciousness. Our results confirm that the VS patients with LSNA at fMRI study have potential for further recovery of consciousness, whereas no patient without activation or only typical activation improved. fMRI study with an affective speech paradigm, when applicable, seems to have a valuable prognostic value in VS patients, even if there are major limitations in terms of applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Piperno
- UOC di Medicina Riabilitativa e Neuroriabilitazione, Dipartimento di Emergenza, AUSL Bologna; Bologna, Italy -
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Galli G, Pinchera A, Piaggi P, Fierabracci P, Giannetti M, Querci G, Scartabelli G, Manetti L, Ceccarini G, Martinelli S, Di Salvo C, Anselmino M, Bogazzi F, Landi A, Vitti P, Maffei M, Santini F. Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Concentrations Are Reduced in Severely Obese Women and Raise After Weight Loss Induced by Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding. Obes Surg 2012; 22:1276-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-012-0669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Shen H, Song Y, Colangelo CM, Wu T, Bruce C, Scabia G, Galan A, Maffei M, Goldstein DR. Haptoglobin activates innate immunity to enhance acute transplant rejection in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 122:383-7. [PMID: 22156194 DOI: 10.1172/jci58344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune tolerance to transplanted organs is impaired when the innate immune system is activated in response to the tissue necrosis that occurs during harvesting and implantation procedures. A key molecule in this immune pathway is the intracellular TLR signal adaptor known as myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88). After transplantation, MyD88 induces DC maturation as well as the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and TNF-α. However, upstream activators of MyD88 function in response to transplantation have not been identified. Here, we show that haptoglobin, an acute phase protein, is an initiator of this MyD88-dependent inflammatory process in a mouse model of skin transplantation. Necrotic lysates from transplanted skin elicited higher inflammatory responses in DCs than did nontransplanted lysates, suggesting DC-mediated responses are triggered by factors released during transplantation. Analysis of transplanted lysates identified haptoglobin as one of the proteins upregulated during transplantation. Expression of donor haptoglobin enhanced the onset of acute skin transplant rejection, whereas haptoglobin-deficient skin grafts showed delayed acute rejection and antidonor T cell priming in a MyD88-dependent graft rejection model. Thus, our results show that haptoglobin release following skin necrosis contributes to accelerated transplant rejection, with potential implications for the development of localized immunosuppressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine,New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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47
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Maffei M, Scannerini S. UV-B Effect on Photomorphogenesis and Essential Oil Composition in Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Journal of Essential Oil Research 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2000.9712150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Maffei
- a Department of Plant Biology , University of Turin , Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 , Turin , Italy
| | - S. Scannerini
- a Department of Plant Biology , University of Turin , Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 , Turin , Italy
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Giaretti W, Maffei M, Pentenero M, Scaruffi P, Donadini A, Di Nallo E, Malacarne D, Marino R, Familiari U, Coco S, Tonini GP, Castagnola P, Gandolfo S. Genomic aberrations in normal appearing mucosa fields distal from oral potentially malignant lesions. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 35:43-52. [PMID: 22144094 PMCID: PMC3268978 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral fields of visually normal and non-dysplastic mucosa (ODFs) may represent the precursors of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs). Aim of the study was to provide new evidence for the concept of the "field carcinogenesis" model by comparing the ODF and OPML genomic aberration profiles obtained by high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) and array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH). A second aim was to investigate if specific CGH aberrations were associated with DNA aneuploidy. METHODS Nineteen patients with single OPMLs were recruited for the study. In parallel with obtaining samples of OPML tissue from 11 leukoplakias without dysplasia (nd-OPMLs) and 8 with dysplasia (d-OPMLs), we also obtained samples from distant ODFs. DNA aneuploid nuclei detected by hr DNA-FCM were physically separated, based on DNA content, from the DNA diploid components with a DNA-FCM-Sorter. These relatively pure subpopulations of epithelial nuclei were then submitted to DNA extraction and a-CGH for a genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs). RESULTS The frequencies of DNA aneuploidy (DI ≠ 1) among ODFs and OPMLs were respectively 5.3% and 32%. The DI aneuploid values of ODFs and nd-OPMLs were all near-diploid (DI ≠ 1 and DI ≤ 1.4), while for d-OPMLs were high-aneuploid (DI > 1.4) in 40% of the cases. CNA averages were 1.9 in ODFs and 6.5 in OPMLs. The gain of the chromosomal region 20q13.33-qter was observed in 37% of both ODFs and corresponding OPMLs. Additional common regions included 7p22.2-pter, 11p15.5-pter and 16p13.3-pter where gains were observed. Furthermore, gains of 20q13.31-q13.33 and of 5p13.33-pter and loss of 9p21.3 were detected at high frequency (respectively, at 62.5%, 50% and 50%) only in d-OPMLs. In particular, loss at 9p21.3, gain at 5p13.33-pter and gain of 20q13.31-q13.33 were associated with DNA aneuploidy (p = 0.00004; p = 0.0005; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS ODFs and OPMLs showed common CNAs in specific chromosomal regions suggesting that they may represent early events of the natural history of oral carcinogenesis according to the field effect cancerization and may contribute to the ODF-OPML transition. In addition, loss at 9p21.3 and gains at 5p13.33-pter and 20q13.31-q13.33 may contribute to DNA aneuploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Giaretti
- Department of Diagnostic Oncology, Biophysics and Cytometry, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, GE, Italy.
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Marchi M, Lisi S, Curcio M, Barbuti S, Piaggi P, Ceccarini G, Nannipieri M, Anselmino M, Di Salvo C, Vitti P, Pinchera A, Santini F, Maffei M. Human leptin tissue distribution, but not weight loss-dependent change in expression, is associated with methylation of its promoter. Epigenetics 2011; 6:1198-206. [PMID: 21931275 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.10.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a master regulator of energy homeostasis. Its expression, prevalently localized in adipocytes, is positively related to adipose mass. Epigenetics is emerging as an important contributor to the changes in gene expression undergone by adipose tissue during obesity. We herein investigated the involvement of methylation-dependent mechanisms in leptin regulation in humans. We studied the methylation profile of a 305 bp region in the leptin promoter and analyzed the correspondent leptin expression in visceral adipocyte fraction (AF) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver. We found an inverse relationship between methylation and leptin expression with AF displaying a lower methylation density (8%) than SVF and liver (18%, 21%). We evidenced a hot spot region, which mostly differentiates AF versus liver. This includes C15 and 21, which are within the recognition sequences for the transcription factors Sp1 and C/EBP, and C22-23/24, flanking a TATA box. In vitro studies demonstrated that demethylation (by decitabine) increase or de novo activate leptin expression in primary fibroblasts and HeLa cells, respectively. A longitudinal study carried out in patients analyzed before and after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss indicated that in this case decrease in WAT leptin expression (about 50%) does not correspond to changes in promoter methylation density. In conclusion, methylation density in the leptin promoter constitutes one control level for cell type specific leptin expression, whereas weight-loss induced changes in leptin expression does not seem to be methylation-dependent.
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Lisi S, Gamucci O, Vottari T, Scabia G, Funicello M, Marchi M, Galli G, Arisi I, Brandi R, D’Onofrio M, Pinchera A, Santini F, Maffei M. Obesity-associated hepatosteatosis and impairment of glucose homeostasis are attenuated by haptoglobin deficiency. Diabetes 2011; 60:2496-505. [PMID: 21873550 PMCID: PMC3178294 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Haptoglobin (Hp) is upregulated in both inflammation and obesity. The low chronic inflammatory state, caused by massive adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration found in obesity, and low adiponectin have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. The aim of this work was to investigate whether and how Hp interferes with the onset of obesity-associated complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Hp-null (Hp(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice were metabolically profiled under chow-food diet (CFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding by assessing physical parameters, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulin response to glucose load, liver triglyceride content, plasma levels of leptin, insulin, glucose, and adiponectin. ATM content was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry (anti-F4/80 antibody). Adiponectin expression was measured in Hp-treated, cultured 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes. RESULTS No genotype-related difference was found in CFD animals. HFD-Hp(-/-) mice revealed significantly higher glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and adiponectin expression and reduced hepatomegaly/steatosis compared with HFD-WT mice. White adipose tissue (WAT) of HFD-Hp(-/-) mice showed higher activation of insulin signaling cascade, lower ATM, and higher adiponectin expression. Hp was able to inhibit adiponectin expression in cultured adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that in the absence of Hp, obesity-associated insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis are attenuated, which is associated with reduced ATM content, increased plasma adiponectin, and higher WAT insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Lisi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Olimpia Gamucci
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa Vottari
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Scabia
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Funicello
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matilde Marchi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Aldo Pinchera
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology and Kidney, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Corresponding author: Margherita Maffei, , or Ferruccio Santini,
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