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Lim JJ, Goedken M, Jin Y, Gu H, Cui JY. Single cell transcriptomics unveiled that early life BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the gut-liver axis to promote a pro-inflammatory metabolic signature in male mice at late adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2024:kfae047. [PMID: 38648751 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are legacy flame retardants that bioaccumulate in the environment. The gut microbiome is an important regulator of liver functions including xenobiotic biotransformation and immune regulation. We recently showed that neonatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether-99 (BDE-99), a human breast milk-enriched PBDE congener, up-regulated pro-inflammation- and down-regulated drug metabolism-related genes predominantly in males in young adulthood. However, the persistence of dysregulation into late adulthood, differential impact of hepatic cell types, and the involvement of the gut microbiome from neonatal BDE-99 exposure remains unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, male C57BL/6 mouse pups were orally exposed to corn oil (10 ml/kg) or BDE-99 (57 mg/kg) once daily from postnatal days 2-4. At 15 months of age, neonatal BDE-99 exposure down-regulated xenobiotic and lipid metabolizing enzymes and up-regulated genes involved in microbial influx in hepatocytes. Neonatal BDE-99 exposure also increased the hepatic proportion of neutrophils and led to a predicted increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling. This was associated with decreased intestinal tight junction protein (Tjp) transcripts, altered gut environment, and dysregulation of inflammation-related metabolites. ScRNA-seq using germ-free (GF) mice demonstrated the necessity of a normal gut microbiome in maintaining hepatic immune tolerance. Microbiota transplant to GF mice using large intestinal microbiome from adults neonatally exposed to BDE-99 down-regulated Tjp transcripts and up-regulated several cytokines in the large intestine. In conclusion, neonatal BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed cell type-specific gene expression and communication in liver towards pro-inflammation, and BDE-99-mediated pro-inflammatory signatures may be partly due to the dysregulated gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Wolff K, Robinson K, Suh N, Michniak-Kohn B, Goedken M, Polunas M, Raskin I. Isothiocyanate-rich moringa seed extract reduces skin inflammation in mouse ear edema model. Phytomed Plus 2023; 3:100479. [PMID: 38037612 PMCID: PMC10688386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed extract (MSE) and its primary bioactive compound, moringa isothiocyanate-1(MIC-1), mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer in the in vivo rodent models following oral application. Purpose To investigate the topical anti-inflammatory activity of MSE and purified MIC-1 in a TPA-induced mouse ear edema model. Study Design The present study elucidates the topical anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of action of MSE, containing 38% of MIC-1 and purified MIC-1 using a mouse ear edema model utilizing 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as the pro-inflammatory agent. Methods A time-dependent and dose-dependent response was determined by pretreating CD-1 mice with various doses of MSE and MIC-1, positive control, dexamethasone, or vehicle control, followed by TPA, and the subsequent difference in ear thickness was measured using digital Vernier calipers. The effective doses of MSE and MIC-1were then selected to evaluate the change in weight of the ears using 6 mm biopsy punches and the results were confirmed by microscopy. Inflammatory markers were quantified with Luminex multiplex immunoassay. Results MSE and MIC-1 were effective in a dose-dependent manner in a TPA-induced ear edema model, causing a reduction in ear thickness and a 48% and 49% decrease in ear punch weight, respectively. MSE and MIC-1 also caused a reduction in the levels of cytokine and chemokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in the ear tissue. MSE and MIC-1 reduced IL-6 expression by 84% and 78%, MCP1 by 74% and 73%, and KC by 56% and 43%, respectively. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of MSE and MIC-1 was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, used to assess the thickness of the ear swelling. MSE significantly reduced the thickness of the ears by 20% compared to TPA. Conclusion These results reveal the topical anti-inflammatory properties of MSE, and MIC-1 likely transmitted via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways as mentioned in previous studies. This work also suggests therapeutic uses of MSE and/or MIC-1 for skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khea Wolff
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Keyaara Robinson
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Office for Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Marianne Polunas
- Rutgers Office for Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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Sarwar MS, Cheng D, Peter RM, Shannar A, Chou P, Wang L, Wu R, Sargsyan D, Goedken M, Wang Y, Su X, Hart RP, Kong AN. Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming in leptin receptor-deficient db/db diabetic nephropathy mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175866. [PMID: 37331680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics play an important role in the development and progression of DN and its complications. For the first time, we investigated the regulation of cellular metabolism, DNA methylation, and transcriptome status by high glucose (HG) in the kidney of leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice using multi-omics approaches. METHODS The metabolomics was performed by liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), while epigenomic CpG methylation coupled with transcriptomic gene expression was analyzed by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS LC-MS analysis of glomerular and cortex tissue samples of db/db mice showed that HG regulated several cellular metabolites and metabolism-related signaling pathways, including S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, methionine, glutamine, and glutamate. Gene expression study by RNA-seq analysis suggests transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and pro-inflammatory pathways play important roles in early DN. Epigenomic CpG methyl-seq showed HG revoked a list of differentially methylated regions in the promoter region of the genes. Integrated analysis of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of genes and gene expression changes across time points identified several genes persistently altered in DNA methylation and gene expression. Cyp2d22, Slc1a4, and Ddah1 are some identified genes that could reflect dysregulated genes involved in renal function and DN. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that leptin receptor deficiency leading to HG regulates metabolic rewiring, including SAM potentially driving DNA methylation and transcriptomic signaling that could be involved in the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - David Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Rebecca Mary Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Pochung Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Office of Translational Science, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Metabolomics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Murray A, Banota T, Guo GL, Smith LC, Meshanni JA, Lee J, Kong B, Abramova EV, Goedken M, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Farnesoid X receptor regulates lung macrophage activation and injury following nitrogen mustard exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116208. [PMID: 35998709 PMCID: PMC9960619 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a cytotoxic vesicant known to cause acute lung injury which progresses to fibrosis; this is associated with a sequential accumulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in the lung which have been implicated in NM toxicity. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor involved in regulating lipid homeostasis and inflammation. In these studies, we analyzed the role of FXR in inflammatory macrophage activation, lung injury and oxidative stress following NM exposure. Wild-type (WT) and FXR-/- mice were treated intratracheally with PBS (control) or NM (0.08 mg/kg). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and lung tissue were collected 3, 14 and 28 d later. NM caused progressive histopathologic alterations in the lung including inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar wall thickening and increases in protein and cells in BAL; oxidative stress was also noted, as reflected by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. These changes were more prominent in male FXR-/- mice. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that loss of FXR resulted in increases in proinflammatory macrophages at 3 d post NM; this correlated with upregulation of COX-2 and ARL11, markers of macrophage activation. Markers of anti-inflammatory macrophage activation, CD163 and STAT6, were also upregulated after NM; this response was exacerbated in FXR-/- mice at 14 d post-NM. These findings demonstrate that FXR plays a role in limiting macrophage inflammatory responses important in lung injury and oxidative stress. Maintaining or enhancing FXR function may represent a useful strategy in the development of countermeasures to treat mustard lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tanvi Banota
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ley Cody Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jaclynn A Meshanni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jordan Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Elena V Abramova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Jilek JL, Frost KL, Marie S, Myers CM, Goedken M, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Attenuated Ochratoxin A Transporter Expression in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Protects against Proximal Convoluted Tubule Toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1389-1395. [PMID: 34921099 PMCID: PMC9513848 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an abundant mycotoxin, yet the toxicological impact of its disposition is not well studied. OTA is an organic anion transporter (OAT) substrate primarily excreted in urine despite a long half-life and extensive protein binding. Altered renal transporter expression during disease, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may influence response to OTA exposure, but the impact of NASH on OTA toxicokinetics, tissue distribution, and associated nephrotoxicity is unknown. By inducing NASH in fast food-dieted/thioacetamide-exposed mice, we evaluated the effect of NASH on a bolus OTA exposure (12.5 mg/kg by mouth) after 3 days. NASH mice presented with less gross toxicity (44% less body weight loss), and kidney and liver weights of NASH mice were 11% and 24% higher, respectively, than healthy mice. Organ and body weight changes coincided with reduced renal proximal tubule cells vacuolation, degeneration, and necrosis, though no OTA-induced hepatic lesions were found. OTA systemic exposure in NASH mice increased modestly from 5.65 ± 1.10 to 7.95 ± 0.61 mg*h/ml per kg BW, and renal excretion increased robustly from 5.55% ± 0.37% to 13.11% ± 3.10%, relative to healthy mice. Total urinary excretion of OTA increased from 24.41 ± 1.74 to 40.07 ± 9.19 µg in NASH mice, and kidney-bound OTA decreased by ∼30%. Renal OAT isoform expression (OAT1-5) in NASH mice decreased by ∼50% with reduced OTA uptake by proximal convoluted cells. These data suggest that NASH-induced OAT transporter reductions attenuate renal secretion and reabsorption of OTA, increasing OTA urinary excretion and reducing renal exposure, thereby reducing nephrotoxicity in NASH. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: These data suggest a disease-mediated transporter mechanism of altered tissue-specific toxicity after mycotoxin exposure, despite minimal systemic changes to ochratoxin A (OTA) concentrations. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical relevance of this functional model and the potential effect of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on OTA and other organic anion substrate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Jilek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Kayla L Frost
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Solène Marie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Cassandra M Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Michael Goedken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona (J.L.J., K.L.F., S.M., C.M.M., N.J.C.); Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.G.); and Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
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Jilek JL, Frost KL, Jacobus KA, He W, Toth EL, Goedken M, Cherrington NJ. Altered cisplatin pharmacokinetics during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis contributes to reduced nephrotoxicity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3869-3878. [PMID: 35024313 PMCID: PMC8727892 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-mediated alterations to drug disposition constitute a significant source of adverse drug reactions. Cisplatin (CDDP) elicits nephrotoxicity due to exposure in proximal tubule cells during renal secretion. Alterations to renal drug transporter expression have been discovered during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, associated changes to substrate toxicity is unknown. To test this, a methionine- and choline-deficient diet-induced rat model was used to evaluate NASH-associated changes to CDDP pharmacokinetics, transporter expression, and toxicity. NASH rats administered CDDP (6 mg/kg, i.p.) displayed 20% less nephrotoxicity than healthy rats. Likewise, CDDP renal clearance decreased in NASH rats from 7.39 to 3.83 mL/min, renal secretion decreased from 6.23 to 2.80 mL/min, and renal CDDP accumulation decreased by 15%, relative to healthy rats. Renal copper transporter-1 expression decreased, and organic cation transporter-2 and ATPase copper transporting protein-7b increased slightly, reducing CDDP secretion. Hepatic CDDP accumulation increased 250% in NASH rats relative to healthy rats. Hepatic organic cation transporter-1 induction and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein-1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein-4 reduction may contribute to hepatic CDDP sequestration in NASH rats, although no drug-related toxicity was observed. These data provide a link between NASH-induced hepatic and renal transporter expression changes and CDDP renal clearance, which may alter nephrotoxicity.
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Key Words
- ATP7, ATPase copper transporting protein
- CDDP, cisplatin
- CTR, copper transporter
- Cisplatin
- DDTC, diethyldithiocarbamate
- DT, drug transporter
- Drug transporter
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- MATE, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein
- MCD, methionine- and choline-deficient diet
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Nephrotoxicity
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- P-gp, p-glycoprotein
- PK, pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Jilek
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Kayla L. Frost
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Kevyn A. Jacobus
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Wenxi He
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Erica L. Toth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nathan J. Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 520 626 0219.
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Rizzolo D, Kong B, Taylor RE, Brinker A, Goedken M, Buckley B, Guo GL. Bile acid homeostasis in female mice deficient in Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3847-3856. [PMID: 35024311 PMCID: PMC8727763 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic molecules important for metabolism of cholesterol, absorption of lipids and lipid soluble vitamins, bile flow, and regulation of gut microbiome. There are over 30 different BA species known to exist in humans and mice, which are endogenous modulators of at least 6 different membrane or nuclear receptors. This diversity of ligands and receptors play important roles in health and disease; however, the full functions of each individual BA in vivo remain unclear. We generated a mouse model lacking the initiating enzymes, CYP7A1 and CYP27A1, in the two main pathways of BA synthesis. Because females are more susceptible to BA related diseases, such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, we expanded this model into female mice. The null mice of Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1 were crossbred to create double knockout (DKO) mice. BA concentrations in female DKO mice had reductions in serum (63%), liver (83%), gallbladder (94%), and small intestine (85%), as compared to WT mice. Despite low BA levels, DKO mice had a similar expression pattern to that of WT mice for genes involved in BA regulation, synthesis, conjugation, and transport. Additionally, through treatment with a synthetic FXR agonist, GW4064, female DKO mice responded to FXR activation similarly to WT mice.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent BA transporter
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- BA, bile acid
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- Bile acids
- CA, cholic acid
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CYP27A1
- CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase
- CYP2C70, cytochrome P450 2C70
- CYP7A1
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- CYP7B1, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase
- CYP8B1, sterol 12α-hydroxylase
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DKO, double knockout
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- Farnesoid X receptor
- Female
- Fibroblast growth factor 15
- IBABP, intestinal BA-binding protein
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- NTCP, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide
- OATP, organic anion transporters
- OSTα/β, organic solute transporters alpha and beta
- WT, wild type
- βMCA, beta muricholic acid
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Kim S, Choi S, Dutta M, Asubonteng JO, Polunas M, Goedken M, Gonzalez FJ, Cui JY, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accompanied by obesity- and inflammation-prone gut microbiome signature. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114698. [PMID: 34303710 PMCID: PMC9135326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease due to the current epidemics of obesity and diabetes. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor known for trans-activating liver genes involved in drug metabolism and transport, and more recently implicated in energy metabolism. The gut microbiota can modulate the host xenobiotic biotransformation and contribute to the development of obesity. While the male sex confers a higher risk for NAFLD than women before menopause, the mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that the presence of PXR promotes obesity by modifying the gut-liver axis in a sex-specific manner. Male and female C57BL/6 (wild-type/WT) and PXR-knockout (PXR-KO) mice were fed control or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16-weeks. Serum parameters, liver histopathology, transcriptomic profiling, 16S-rDNA sequencing, and bile acid (BA) metabolomics were performed. PXR enhanced HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic steatosis and inflammation especially in males, accompanied by PXR-dependent up-regulation in hepatic genes involved in microbial response, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer; PXR-dependent increase in intestinal Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio (hallmark of obesity) and the pro-inflammatory Lactobacillus, as well as a decrease in the anti-obese Allobaculum and the anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterum, with a PXR-dependent reduction of beneficial BAs in liver. The resistance to NAFLD in females may be explained by PXR-dependent decrease in pro-inflammatory bacteria (Ruminococcus gnavus and Peptococcaceae). In conclusion, PXR exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied by obesity- and inflammation-prone gut microbiome signature, suggesting that gut microbiome may contribute to PXR-mediated exacerbation of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey O Asubonteng
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marianne Polunas
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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Marques ES, Agudelo J, Kaye EM, Modaresi SMS, Pfohl M, Bečanová J, Wei W, Polunas M, Goedken M, Slitt AL. The role of maternal high fat diet on mouse pup metabolic endpoints following perinatal PFAS and PFAS mixture exposure. Toxicology 2021; 462:152921. [PMID: 34464680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment. Some of these chemicals, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are found in human sera and have been shown to cause liver steatosis and reduce postnatal survival and growth in rodents. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the impact of diet and PFAS exposure to mouse dam (mus musculus) on the risk to pup liver and metabolism endpoints later in life, as well as evaluate PFAS partitioning to pups. Timed-pregnant dams were fed a standard chow diet or 60 % kcal high fat diet (HFD). Dams were administered either vehicle, 1 mg/kg PFOA, 1 mg/kg PFOS, 1 mg/kg PFHxS, or a PFAS mixture (1 mg/kg of each PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS) daily via oral gavage from gestation day 1 until postnatal day (PND) 20. At PND 21, livers of dams and 2 pups of each sex were evaluated for lipid changes while remaining pups were weaned to the same diet as the dam for an additional 10 weeks. Dam and pup serum at PND 21 and PND 90 were also evaluated for PFAS concentration, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), leptin and adiponectin, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. Perinatal exposure to a HFD, as expected, increased pup body weight, maternal liver weight, pup liver triglycerides, pup serum ALT, and pup serum leptin. PFOA and the PFAS mixture increased liver weights, and. treatment with all three compounds increased liver triglycerides. The maternal HFD increased dam and pup serum PFAS levels, however, was protective against PFOA-induced increase in serum ALT and observed increases in liver triglycerides. The PFAS mixture had very distinct effects when compared to single compound treatment, suggesting some cumulative effects, particularly when evaluating PFAS transfer from dam to pup. This data highlights the importance of diet and mixtures when evaluating liver effect of PFAS and PFAS partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Emily M Kaye
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Modaresi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jitka Bečanová
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Marianne Polunas
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, 33 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, 33 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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10
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Pfohl M, Marques E, Auclair A, Barlock B, Jamwal R, Goedken M, Akhlaghi F, Slitt AL. An 'Omics Approach to Unraveling the Paradoxical Effect of Diet on Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) and Perfluorononanoic Acid (PFNA)-Induced Hepatic Steatosis. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:277-294. [PMID: 33483757 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of toxicants universally detected in human serum and known to cause dyslipidemia in animals and humans. Hepatic steatosis, which is defined as lipid deposition in the liver, is known to be a consequence of poor diet. Similarly, PFAS are known to induce hepatic steatosis in animals on a low-fat chow. This study explored diet-PFAS interactions in the liver and their potential to modulate hepatic steatosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with either a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat, LFD) or a moderately high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat, HFD) with or without perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (3 ppm, PFOS) or perfluorononanoic acid (3 ppm, PFNA) in feed for 12 weeks. Livers were excised for histology and quantification of PFAS and lipids. The PFOS and PFNA coadministration with HFD reduced the hepatic accumulation of lipid and PFAS relative to the LFD treatment groups. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that PFAS administration in the presence of an HFD significantly reduces expression of known hepatic PFAS uptake transporters, organic anion transporter proteins. Transcriptomics and proteomics further revealed several pathways related to lipid metabolism, synthesis, transport, and storage that were modulated by PFAS exposure and further impacted by the presence of dietary fat. Both dietary fat content and the chemical functional head group exerted significant influence on hepatic PFAS accumulation and the resulting biochemical signature, suggesting that diet and structure should be considered in the design and interpretation of research on PFAS induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
| | - Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
| | - Adam Auclair
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
| | - Benjamin Barlock
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
| | - Rohitash Jamwal
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08901
| | - Fatemeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
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11
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Frost K, Jilek J, Toth E, Goedken M, Cherrington N. Renal Transporter Expression Changes in Rodent Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Frost
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ
| | - Joseph Jilek
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ
| | - Erica Toth
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational SciencesRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ
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12
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Arman T, Lynch KD, Goedken M, Clarke JD. Sub-chronic microcystin-LR renal toxicity in rats fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet. Chemosphere 2021; 269:128773. [PMID: 33143886 PMCID: PMC8276626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a liver and kidney toxin produced by cyanobacteria. Recently, it was demonstrated that MCLR exposure drives the progression of high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to a more severe state. NAFLD is also a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the current study investigated MCLR renal toxicity in the context of an HFHC diet. Sprague Dawley rats were fed either a control diet or an HFHC diet for 10 weeks. After 6 weeks of diet, animals were administered either vehicle, 10 μg/kg, or 30 μg/kg MCLR via intraperitoneal injection every other day for 4 weeks. HFHC diet alone increased the renal glomerular change histopathology score, and 30 μg/kg MCLR exposure increased this score in both the control group and the HFHC group. In contrast, 30 μg/kg MCLR caused greater proteinuria and cast formation and decreased protein phosphatase 1 and 2A protein expression in the HFHC group. Urinary excretion of KIM-1 increased, but albumin and tamm-horsfall protein did not change after MCLR exposure. The general concordance between KIM-1, polyuria, proteinuria, and renal casts after MCLR exposure suggests that proximal tubule cell damage contributed to these connected pathologies. The control group adapted to repeated MCLR exposure by increasing the urinary elimination of MCLR and its metabolites, whereas this adaptation was blunted in the HFHC group. These data suggest an HFHC diet may increase the severity of certain MCLR-elicited renal toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarana Arman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Katherine D Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.
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13
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Pfohl M, DaSilva NA, Marques E, Agudelo J, Liu C, Goedken M, Slitt AL, Seeram NP, Ma H. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a standardized pomegranate ( Punica granatum) fruit extract in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:499-510. [PMID: 33203257 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1849041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in fats are linked to elevated systemic inflammation, which augments the progression of inflammatory-related disorders including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegenerative diseases. A phenolic-enriched pomegranate fruit extract (PE) was investigated for its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in male C57BL/6 mice fed either a high-fat diet or a standard rodent diet with or without 1% of PE for 12 weeks. Mouse livers and hippocampi were evaluated for the expression of genes associated with NAFLD and inflammation by multiplexed gene analysis. PE alleviated diet-induced fatty liver and suppressed hepatic lipid regulating genes including Cd36, Fas, Acot2 and Slc27a1. In addition, PE suppressed gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il-1α, Il-7, Il-11, Ifnα, Tnfα and Lepr in the hippocampi. Our findings support the protective effects of PE against high-fat diet-induced hepatic and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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14
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Marques E, Pfohl M, Auclair A, Jamwal R, Barlock BJ, Sammoura FM, Goedken M, Akhlaghi F, Slitt AL. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) administration shifts the hepatic proteome and augments dietary outcomes related to hepatic steatosis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 408:115250. [PMID: 32979393 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis increases risk of fatty liver and cardiovascular disease. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent, bio-accumulative pollutant that has been used in industrial and commercial applications. PFOS administration induces hepatic steatosis in rodents and increases lipogenic gene expression signatures in cultured hepatocytes. We hypothesized that PFOS treatment interferes with lipid loss when switching from a high fat diet (HFD) to a standard diet (SD), and augments HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Male C57BL/6 N mice were fed standard chow diet or 60% kCal high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks to increase body weight. Then, some HFD mice were switched to SD and mice were further divided to diet only or diet containing 0.0003% PFOS, for six treatment groups: SD, HFD to SD (H-SD), HFD, SD + PFOS, H-SD + PFOS, or HFD + PFOS. After 10 weeks on study, blood and livers were collected. HFD for 14 weeks increased body weight and hepatic steatosis, whereas H-SD mice returned to SD measures. PFOS administration reduced body weight in mice fed a SD, but not H-SD or HFD. PFOS administration increased liver weight in H-SD + PFOS and HFD + PFOS mice. PFOS increased hepatic steatosis in H-SD and HFD groups. Hepatic mRNA expression and SWATH-MS proteomic analysis revealed that PFOS induced lipid and xenobiotic transporters, as well as metabolism pathways. Overall, the findings herein suggest that PFOS treatment did interfere with lipid loss associated with switch to a SD and similarly augmented hepatic lipid accumulation in mice established on an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Marques
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Marisa Pfohl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Adam Auclair
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Rohitash Jamwal
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Benjamin J Barlock
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ferass M Sammoura
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, 33 Knightsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Fatemeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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15
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Jilek JL, Toth E, Frost K, Jacobus K, He W, Goedken M, Cherrington N. Altered Cisplatin Pharmacokinetics during Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Contributes to Reduced Nephrotoxicity. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Schumacher JD, Kong B, Wu J, Rizzolo D, Armstrong LE, Chow MD, Goedken M, Lee YH, Guo GL. Direct and Indirect Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 15 and FGF19 on Liver Fibrosis Development. Hepatology 2020; 71:670-685. [PMID: 31206730 PMCID: PMC6918008 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) induces fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15; human ortholog FGF19) in the gut to potently inhibit bile acid (BA) synthesis in the liver. FXR activation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) reduces liver fibrosis (LF). Fgf15-/- mice develop attenuated LF, but the underlying mechanisms for this protection are unclear. We hypothesized that FGF15/19 functions as a profibrotic mediator or mitogen to HSCs and increased BAs in Fgf15-/- mice leads to enhanced FXR activation in HSCs, subsequently reducing fibrogenesis. In this study, complimentary in vivo and in vitro approaches were used: (1) CCl4 -induced LF model in wild type (WT), Fgf15-/- , and Fgf15 transgenic (TG) mice with BA levels modulated by feeding cholestyramine- or cholic acid-containing diets; (2) analysis of primary HSCs isolated from WT and Fgf15-/- mice; and (3) treatment of a human HSC line, LX-2, with FXR activators and/or recombinant FGF19 protein. The results showed that Fgf15-/- mice had lower basal collagen expression, which was increased by BA sequestration. CCl4 induced fibrosis with similar severity in all genotypes; however, cholestyramine increased fibrosis severity only in Fgf15-/- mice. HSCs from Fgf15-/- mice showed increased FXR activity and reduced expression of profibrotic mediators. In LX-2 cells, FXR activation increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity and reduced proliferation. FGF19 activated both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways and reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling without increasing fibrogenic gene expression or cell proliferation. Conclusion: FGF15/19 does not act as a direct profibrotic mediator or mitogen to HSCs in our models, and the protection against fibrosis by FGF15 deficiency may be mediated through increased BA activation of FXR in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JD Schumacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - B Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - J Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - D Rizzolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - LE Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - MD Chow
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - M Goedken
- Research pathology services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - YH Lee
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - GL Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ.,Environmental and Occupational Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ.,VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ,Corresponding author: Grace L. Guo, MBBS, PhD, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854; ; phone - 848-445-8186
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17
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Sunil VR, Vayas KN, Abramova EV, Rancourt R, Cervelli JA, Malaviya R, Goedken M, Venosa A, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Lung injury, oxidative stress and fibrosis in mice following exposure to nitrogen mustard. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 387:114798. [PMID: 31678244 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a cytotoxic vesicant known to cause acute lung injury which progresses to fibrosis. Herein, we developed a murine model of NM-induced pulmonary toxicity with the goal of assessing inflammatory mechanisms of injury. C57BL/6J mice were euthanized 1-28 d following intratracheal exposure to NM (0.08 mg/kg) or PBS control. NM caused progressive alveolar epithelial thickening, perivascular inflammation, bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia, interstitial fibroplasia and fibrosis, peaking 14 d post exposure. Enlarged foamy macrophages were also observed in the lung 14 d post NM, along with increased numbers of microparticles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). Following NM exposure, rapid and prolonged increases in BAL cells, protein, total phospholipids and surfactant protein (SP)-D were also detected. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD11b+Ly6G-F4/80+Ly6Chi proinflammatory macrophages accumulated in the lung after NM, peaking at 3 d. This was associated with macrophage expression of HMGB1 and TNFα in histologic sections. CD11b+Ly6G-F4/80+Ly6Clo anti-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic macrophages also increased in the lung after NM peaking at 14 d, a time coordinate with increases in TGFβ expression and fibrosis. NM exposure also resulted in alterations in pulmonary mechanics including increases in tissue elastance and decreases in compliance and static compliance, most prominently at 14 d. These findings demonstrate that NM induces structural and inflammatory changes in the lung that correlate with aberrations in pulmonary function. This mouse model will be useful for mechanistic studies of mustard lung injury and for assessing potential countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi R Sunil
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Kinal N Vayas
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Elena V Abramova
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Raymond Rancourt
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Jessica A Cervelli
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Michael Goedken
- Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854;, United States of America.
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
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18
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Malekshah OM, Sarkar S, Nomani A, Patel N, Javidian P, Goedken M, Polunas M, Louro P, Hatefi A. Bioengineered adipose-derived stem cells for targeted enzyme-prodrug therapy of ovarian cancer intraperitoneal metastasis. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:273-287. [PMID: 31499084 PMCID: PMC6884134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a stem cell-based system for targeted suicide gene therapy of recurrent, metastatic, and unresectable ovarian cancer. Malignant cells were obtained from the ascites of a patient with advanced recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (named OVASC-1). Cancer cells were characterized to determine the percentages of drug-resistant ALDH+ cells, MDR-1/ABCG2 overexpressing cells, and cancer stem-like cells. The sensitivity and resistance of the OVASC-1 cells and spheroids to the metabolites of three different enzyme/prodrug systems were assessed, and the most effective one was selected. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were genetically engineered to express recombinant secretory human carboxylesterase-2 and nanoluciferase genes for simultaneous disease therapy and quantitative imaging. Bioluminescent imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and immuno/histochemistry results show that the engineered ASCs actively targeted and localized at both tumor stroma and necrotic regions. This created the unique opportunity to deliver drugs to not only tumor supporting cells in the stroma, but also to cancer stem-like cells in necrotic/hypoxic regions. The statistical analysis of intraperitoneal OVASC-1 tumor burden and survival rates in mice shows that the administration of the bioengineered ASCs in combination with irinotecan prodrug in the designed sequence and timeline eradicated all intraperitoneal tumors and provided survival benefits. In contrast, treatment of the drug-resistant OVASC-1 tumors with cisplatin/paclitaxel (standard-of-care) did not have any statistically significant benefit. The histopathology and hematology results do not show any toxicity to major peritoneal organs. Our toxicity data in combination with efficacy outcomes delineate a nonsurgical and targeted stem cell-based approach to overcoming drug resistance in recurrent metastatic ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obeid M Malekshah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alireza Nomani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Niket Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Parisa Javidian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, 08854, NJ, USA
| | - Marianne Polunas
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, 08854, NJ, USA
| | - Pedro Louro
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, 08854, NJ, USA
| | - Arash Hatefi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Cancer Pharmacology Program, Rutgers-Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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19
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Arman T, Lynch KD, Montonye ML, Goedken M, Clarke JD. Sub-Chronic Microcystin-LR Liver Toxicity in Preexisting Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Rats. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070398. [PMID: 31323923 PMCID: PMC6669744 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a hepatotoxic cyanotoxin reported to cause a phenotype similar to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a common progressive liver disease that advances in severity due to exogenous stressors such as poor diet and toxicant exposure. Our objective was to determine how sub-chronic MCLR toxicity affects preexisting diet-induced NASH. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of three diets for 10 weeks: control, methionine and choline deficient (MCD), or high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC). After six weeks of diet, animals received vehicle, 10 µg/kg, or 30 µg/kg MCLR via intraperitoneal injection every other day for the final 4 weeks. Incidence and severity scoring of histopathology endpoints suggested that MCLR toxicity drove NASH to a less fatty and more fibrotic state. In general, expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid esterification were altered in favor of decreased steatosis. The higher MCLR dose increased expression of genes involved in fibrosis and inflammation in the control and HFHC groups. These data suggest MCLR toxicity in the context of preexisting NASH may drive the liver to a more severe phenotype that resembles burnt-out NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarana Arman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Katherine D Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Michelle L Montonye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
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20
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D'Errico JN, Doherty C, Fournier SB, Renkel N, Kallontzi S, Goedken M, Fabris L, Buckley B, Stapleton PA. Identification and quantification of gold engineered nanomaterials and impaired fluid transfer across the rat placenta via ex vivo perfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109148. [PMID: 31347503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and implementation of products incorporating nanoparticles are occurring at a rapid pace. These particles are widely utilized in domestic, occupational, and biomedical applications. Currently, it is unclear if pregnant women will be able to take advantage of the potential biomedical nanoproducts out of concerns associated with placental transfer and fetal interactions. We recently developed an ex vivo rat placental perfusion technique to allow for the evaluation of xenobiotic transfer and placental physiological perturbations. In this study, a segment of the uterine horn and associated placenta was isolated from pregnant (gestational day 20) Sprague-Dawley rats and placed into a modified pressure myography vessel chamber. The proximal and distal ends of the maternal uterine artery and the vessels of the umbilical cord were cannulated, secured, and perfused with physiological salt solution (PSS). The proximal uterine artery and umbilical artery were pressurized at 80 mmHg and 50 mmHg, respectively, to allow countercurrent flow through the placenta. After equilibration, a single 900 μL bolus dose of 20 nm gold engineered nanoparticles (Au-ENM) was introduced into the proximal maternal artery. Distal uterine and umbilical vein effluents were collected every 10 min for 180 min to measure placental fluid dynamics. The quantification of Au-ENM transfer was conducted via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Overall, we were able to measure Au-ENM within uterine and umbilical effluent with 20 min of material infusion. This novel methodology may be widely incorporated into studies of pharmacology, toxicology, and placental physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - C Doherty
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - S B Fournier
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - N Renkel
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - S Kallontzi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - M Goedken
- Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - L Fabris
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - B Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - P A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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21
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Rizzolo D, Buckley K, Kong B, Zhan L, Shen J, Stofan M, Brinker A, Goedken M, Buckley B, Guo GL. Bile Acid Homeostasis in a Cholesterol 7α-Hydroxylase and Sterol 27-Hydroxylase Double Knockout Mouse Model. Hepatology 2019; 70:389-402. [PMID: 30864232 PMCID: PMC7893641 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are diverse molecules that are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. The synthesis of BAs has traditionally been shown to occur through two pathways. Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) performs the initial and rate-limiting step in the classical pathway, and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) initiates the hydroxylation of cholesterol in the alternative pathway. While the role of individual BA species as physiological detergents is relatively ubiquitous, their endocrine functions as signaling molecules and roles in disease pathogenesis have been emerging to be BA species-specific. In order to better understand the pharmacologic and toxicologic roles of individual BA species in an in vivo model, we created cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (Cyp27a1) double knockout (DKO) mice by cross-breeding single knockout mice (Cyp7a1-/- and Cyp27a1-/- ). BA profiling and quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of serum, gallbladder, liver, small intestine, and colon of wild-type, Cyp7a1-/- , Cyp27a1-/- , and DKO mice showed that DKO mice exhibited a reduction of BAs in the plasma (45.9%), liver (60.2%), gallbladder (76.3%), small intestine (88.7%), and colon (93.6%), while maintaining a similar BA pool composition compared to wild-type mice. The function of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in DKO mice was lower, revealed by decreased mRNA expression of well-known FXR target genes, hepatic small heterodimer partner, and ileal fibroblast growth factor 15. However, response to FXR synthetic ligands was maintained in DKO mice as treatment with GW4064 resulted in similar changes in gene expression in all strains of mice. Conclusion: We provide a useful tool for studying the role of individual BAs in vivo; DKO mice have a significantly reduced BA pool, have a similar BA profile, and maintained response to FXR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rizzolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Kyle Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Le Zhan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Julia Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Mary Stofan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Anita Brinker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Michael Goedken
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Brian Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States,Environmental and Occupational Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, United States
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States,Environmental and Occupational Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, United States.,VA NJ Health Care Systems, East Orange NJ 07018, United States.,Corresponding Author Information: Grace L. Guo; EOHSI Room 322, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854; ; Phone: 848-445-8186; Fax: 732-445-4161
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22
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Aijaz A, Teryek M, Goedken M, Polunas M, Olabisi RM. Coencapsulation of ISCs and MSCs Enhances Viability and Function of both Cell Types for Improved Wound Healing. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:481-493. [PMID: 31719928 PMCID: PMC6816714 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously demonstrated that insulin secreting cells (ISCs) accelerate healing of chronic wounds, and it is known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also accelerate wound healing. Here, we report that the combination of both cell types coencapsulated into a synthetic hydrogel dressing accelerates chronic wound healing 3 × faster than control and 2 × faster than each cell type delivered singly. Specifically, insulin released by ISCs activates the PI3/Akt pathway, which is vital to the function and survival of MSCs. MSCs in turn improve the viability and function of ISCs. Materials and Methods MSCs and/or rat islet tumor RIN-m cells were encapsulated into polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel sheets and applied to 1 cm2 full thickness excisional wounds on the dorsa of genetically diabetic male mice (BKS.Cg-m +/+Leprdb/J) in accordance with protocols approved by the Rutgers IACUC. Encapsulated cell viability was assessed using a LIVE/DEAD® Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit. Akt phosphorylation, insulin, VEGF, and TGF-β1 secretion were assessed by ELISA. Animals were sacrificed on postoperative days 14 and 28 and wound tissue was collected for histological and western blot analysis. Results ISC:MSC combination groups had the highest levels of every secreted product and phosphorylated Akt, and closed wounds in 14 days, ISC-only or MSC-only groups closed wounds in 28 days, control groups closed wounds in 40 days. Further, ISC:MSC groups healed without intermediate scab or scar. Conclusions Combining MSCs with ISCs results in a more robust healing response than singly delivered cells, warranting further investigation of coencapsulation for MSC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Aijaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Matthew Teryek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Marianne Polunas
- Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Ronke M Olabisi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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23
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Clarke JD, Dzierlenga A, Arman T, Toth E, Li H, Lynch KD, Tian DD, Goedken M, Paine MF, Cherrington N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease alters microcystin-LR toxicokinetics and acute toxicity. Toxicon 2019; 162:1-8. [PMID: 30849452 PMCID: PMC6447445 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a cyanotoxin produced by blue-green algae that causes liver and kidney toxicities. MCLR toxicity is dependent on cellular uptake through the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progresses through multiple stages, alters expression of hepatic OATPs, and is associated with chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NAFLD increases systemic exposure to MCLR and influences acute liver and kidney toxicities. Rats were fed a control diet or two dietary models of NAFLD; methionine and choline deficient (MCD) or high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC). Two studies were performed in these groups: 1) a single dose intravenous toxicokinetic study (20 μg/kg), and 2) a single dose intraperitoneal toxicity study (60 μg/kg). Compared to control rats, plasma MCLR area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in MCD rats doubled, whereas biliary clearance (Clbil) was unchanged; in contrast, plasma AUC in HFHC rats was unchanged, whereas Clbil approximately doubled. Less MCLR bound to PP2A was observed in the liver of MCD rats. This shift in exposure decreased the severity of liver pathology only in the MCD rats after a single toxic dose of MCLR (60 μg/kg). In contrast, the single toxic dose of MCLR increased hepatic inflammation, plasma cholesterol, proteinuria, and urinary KIM1 in HFHC rats more than MCLR exposed control rats. In conclusion, rodent models of NAFLD alter MCLR toxicokinetics and acute toxicity and may have implications for liver and kidney pathologies in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.
| | - Anika Dzierlenga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Tarana Arman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Erica Toth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Katherine D Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Nathan Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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24
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Toth EL, Li H, Dzierlenga AL, Clarke JD, Vildhede A, Goedken M, Cherrington NJ. Gene-by-Environment Interaction of Bcrp -/- and Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Alters SN-38 Disposition. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1478-1486. [PMID: 30166404 PMCID: PMC6193212 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has profound effects on the expression and function of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, which provide a mechanistic basis for variable drug response. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a biliary efflux transporter, exhibits increased liver mRNA expression in NASH patients and preclinical NASH models, but the impact on function is unknown. It was shown that the transport capacity of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) is decreased in NASH. SN-38, the active irinotecan metabolite, is reported to be a substrate for Bcrp, whereas SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) is a Mrp2 substrate. The purpose of this study was to determine the function of Bcrp in NASH through alterations in the disposition of SN-38 and SN-38G in a Bcrp knockout (Bcrp-/- KO) and methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) model of NASH. Sprague Dawley [wild-type (WT)] rats and Bcrp-/- rats were fed either a methionine- and choline-sufficient (control) or MCD diet for 8 weeks to induce NASH. SN-38 (10 mg/kg) was administered i.v., and blood and bile were collected for quantification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In Bcrp-/- rats on the MCD diet, biliary efflux of SN-38 decreased to 31.9%, and efflux of SN-38G decreased to 38.7% of control, but WT-MCD and KO-Control were unaffected. These data indicate that Bcrp is not solely responsible for SN-38 biliary efflux, but rather implicate a combined role for BCRP and MRP2. Furthermore, the disposition of SN-38 and SN-38G is altered by Bcrp-/- and NASH in a gene-by-environment interaction and may result in variable drug response to irinotecan therapy in polymorphic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Toth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.T., H.L., A.L.D., N.J.C.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (J.D.C.); Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (A.V.); and Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey (M.G.)
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.T., H.L., A.L.D., N.J.C.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (J.D.C.); Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (A.V.); and Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey (M.G.)
| | - Anika L Dzierlenga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.T., H.L., A.L.D., N.J.C.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (J.D.C.); Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (A.V.); and Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey (M.G.)
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.T., H.L., A.L.D., N.J.C.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (J.D.C.); Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (A.V.); and Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey (M.G.)
| | - Anna Vildhede
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.T., H.L., A.L.D., N.J.C.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (J.D.C.); Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (A.V.); and Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey (M.G.)
| | - Michael Goedken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.T., H.L., A.L.D., N.J.C.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (J.D.C.); Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (A.V.); and Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey (M.G.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.T., H.L., A.L.D., N.J.C.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (J.D.C.); Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (A.V.); and Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey (M.G.)
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25
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Sunil VR, Vayas KN, Cervelli JA, Ebramova EV, Gow AJ, Goedken M, Malaviya R, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Protective Role of Surfactant Protein-D Against Lung Injury and Oxidative Stress Induced by Nitrogen Mustard. Toxicol Sci 2018; 166:108-122. [PMID: 30060251 PMCID: PMC6204765 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a vesicant known to cause acute pulmonary injury which progresses to fibrosis. Macrophages contribute to both of these pathologies. Surfactant protein (SP)-D is a pulmonary collectin that suppresses lung macrophage activity. Herein, we analyzed the effects of loss of SP-D on NM-induced macrophage activation and lung toxicity. Wild-type (WT) and SP-D-/- mice were treated intratracheally with PBS or NM (0.08 mg/kg). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and tissue were collected 14 days later. In WT mice, NM caused an increase in total SP-D levels in BAL; multiple lower molecular weight forms of SP-D were also identified, consistent with lung injury and oxidative stress. Flow cytometric analysis of BAL cells from NM treated WT mice revealed the presence of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages. Whereas loss of SP-D had no effect on numbers of these cells, their activation state, as measured by proinflammatory (iNOS, MMP-9), and anti-inflammatory (MR-1, Ym-1) protein expression, was amplified. Loss of SP-D also exacerbated NM-induced oxidative stress and alveolar epithelial injury, as reflected by increases in heme oxygenase-1 expression, and BAL cell and protein content. This was correlated with alterations in pulmonary mechanics. In NM-treated SP-D-/-, but not WT mice, there was evidence of edema, epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, bronchiectasis, and fibrosis, as well as increases in BAL phospholipid content. These data demonstrate that activated lung macrophages play a role in NM-induced lung injury and oxidative stress. Elucidating mechanisms regulating macrophage activity may be important in developing therapeutics to treat mustard-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi R Sunil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Kinal N Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Jessica A Cervelli
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Elena V Ebramova
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Michael Goedken
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Research Pathology Services
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
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26
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Newman JH, NeMoyer RE, Augeri D, Malhotra J, Langenfeld E, Chesson CB, Lee MJ, Tarabichi S, Jhawar SR, Bommareddy PK, Marshall S, Sadimin ET, Kerrigan JE, Goedken M, Minerowicz C, Jabbour SK, Li S, Dobias N, Carayannopolous MO, Zloza A, Langenfeld J. Abstract LB-189: Novel bone morphogenetic protein receptor inhibitor JL5 suppresses tumor cell survival signaling and induces regression of human lung cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-lb-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is aberrantly expressed in lung and other carcinoma leading to pro-oncogenic effects on tumor growth. The BMP receptor inhibitor DMH2 induces death of lung cancer cells through the downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins XIAP, TAK1, and Id1-Id3. Since DMH2 does not downregulate BMP signaling in vivo because of metabolic instability and poor pharmacokinetics better BMP inhibitors are needed.
Experimental Design: Here, we identified a site of metabolic instability of DMH2 and designed a novel BMP receptor inhibitor, JL5. We examined the effects of JL5 to downregulate BMP signaling and induce cell death of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We also queried the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess if genetic alterations in lung cancer would affect drug targetability of the BMP receptors.
Results: We show that JL5 has improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to DMH2. JL5 suppresses BMP signaling in lung cancer cells in vitro and in tumor xenografts. Moreover, we demonstrate JL5-induced tumor cell death and tumor regression in xenograft mouse models without immune cells and humanized with adoptively transferred human immune cells. In humanized mice, JL5 additionally induces the infiltration of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. The TCBA database analysis suggests that genetic alterations in the BMP signaling cascade will not limit targeting with small molecule inhibitors.
Conclusion: Our studies show that the BMP signaling pathway is targetable and BMP receptor inhibitors should be developed as a therapeutic to treat lung and other cancer patients.
Citation Format: Jenna H. Newman, Rachel E. NeMoyer, David Augeri, Jyoti Malhotra, Elaine Langenfeld, Charles B. Chesson, Micheal J. Lee, Saeed Tarabichi, Sachin R. Jhawar, Praveen K. Bommareddy, Sh'rae Marshall, Evita T. Sadimin, John E. Kerrigan, Michael Goedken, Christine Minerowicz, Salma K. Jabbour, Shengguo Li, Natalie Dobias, Mary O. Carayannopolous, Andrew Zloza, John Langenfeld. Novel bone morphogenetic protein receptor inhibitor JL5 suppresses tumor cell survival signaling and induces regression of human lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-189.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Augeri
- 1Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- 1Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengguo Li
- 1Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Natalie Dobias
- 1Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Andrew Zloza
- 1Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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27
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Newman JH, Augeri DJ, NeMoyer R, Malhotra J, Langenfeld E, Chesson CB, Dobias NS, Lee MJ, Tarabichi S, Jhawar SR, Bommareddy PK, Marshall S, Sadimin ET, Kerrigan JE, Goedken M, Minerowicz C, Jabbour SK, Li S, Carayannopolous MO, Zloza A, Langenfeld J. Novel bone morphogenetic protein receptor inhibitor JL5 suppresses tumor cell survival signaling and induces regression of human lung cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3672-3685. [PMID: 29622797 PMCID: PMC10905627 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BMP receptor inhibitors induce death of cancer cells through the downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins XIAP, pTAK1, and Id1-Id3. However, the current most potent BMP receptor inhibitor, DMH2, does not downregulate BMP signaling in vivo because of metabolic instability and poor pharmacokinetics. Here we identified the site of metabolic instability of DMH2 and designed a novel BMP receptor inhibitor, JL5. We show that JL5 has a greater volume of distribution and suppresses the expression of Id1 and pTak1 in tumor xenografts. Moreover, we demonstrate JL5-induced tumor cell death and tumor regression in xenograft mouse models without immune cells and humanized with adoptively transferred human immune cells. In humanized mice, JL5 additionally induces the infiltration of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Our studies show that the BMP signaling pathway is targetable in vivo and BMP receptor inhibitors can be developed as a therapeutic to treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna H Newman
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - David J Augeri
- Office of Translational Science, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Rachel NeMoyer
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Elaine Langenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Charles B Chesson
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Natalie S Dobias
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Saeed Tarabichi
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Sachin R Jhawar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Praveen K Bommareddy
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Sh'Rae Marshall
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Evita T Sadimin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Science, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - John E Kerrigan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Office of Translational Science, Research Pathology Services, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Christine Minerowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Science, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Shengguo Li
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Mary O Carayannopolous
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Science, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
| | - John Langenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
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Schumacher JD, Kong B, Pan Y, Zhan L, Sun R, Aa J, Rizzolo D, Richardson JR, Chen A, Goedken M, Aleksunes LM, Laskin DL, Guo GL. The effect of fibroblast growth factor 15 deficiency on the development of high fat diet induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 330:1-8. [PMID: 28673684 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis often associated with metabolic syndrome. Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), an endocrine factor mainly produced in the distal part of small intestine, has emerged to be a critical factor in regulating bile acid homeostasis, energy metabolism, and liver regeneration. We hypothesized that FGF15 alters the development of each of the listed features of NASH. To test this hypothesis, four-week old male Fgf15-/- and their corresponding wild-type (WT) mice were fed either a high fat diet (HFD) or a control chow diet for six months. The results confirmed that HFD feeding for six months in WT mice recapitulated human NASH phenotype, including macrovesicular steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Whereas FGF15 deficiency had no effect on the severity of liver steatosis or inflammation, it was associated with decreased liver fibrosis. Furthermore, FGF15 deficiency resulted in abnormal bile acid homeostasis, increased insulin resistance, increased HFD-induced serum triglycerides, decreased inductions of hepatic cholesterol content by HFD, and altered gene expression of lipid metabolic enzymes. These data suggest that FGF15 improves lipid homeostasis and reduces bile acid synthesis, but promotes fibrosis during the development of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Schumacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - B Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Y Pan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - L Zhan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - R Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - J Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - D Rizzolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - J R Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - A Chen
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - M Goedken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - L M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - D L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - G L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, EOHSI, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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Laho T, Clarke JD, Dzierlenga AL, Li H, Klein DM, Goedken M, Micuda S, Cherrington NJ. Effect of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on renal filtration and secretion of adefovir. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:144-51. [PMID: 27381944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adefovir, an acyclic nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat hepatitis B viral infection, is primarily eliminated renally through cooperation of glomerular filtration with active tubular transport. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a variable in drug disposition, yet the impact on renal transport processes has yet to be fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on the pharmacokinetics of adefovir in rats given a control or methionine and choline deficient diet to induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS Animals received a bolus dose of 7mg/kg (35μCi/kg) [(3)H] adefovir with consequent measurement of plasma and urine concentrations. Inulin clearance was used to determine glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS Methionine and choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis prolonged the elimination half-life of adefovir. This observation occurred in conjunction with reduced distribution volume and hepatic levels of adefovir. Notably, despite these changes, renal clearance and overall clearance were not changed, despite markedly reduced glomerular filtration rate in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alteration of glomerular filtration rate was fully compensated for by a significant increase in tubular secretion of adefovir. Analysis of renal transporters confirmed transcriptional up-regulation of Mrp4, the major transporter for adefovir tubular secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates changes to glomerular filtration and tubular secretion that alter pharmacokinetics of adefovir in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced changes in renal drug elimination processes could have major implications in variable drug response and the potential for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Laho
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA; Charles University, Department of Pharmacology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - John D Clarke
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anika L Dzierlenga
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Li
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David M Klein
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers University, Department of Translational Sciences Research Pathology Services, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Charles University, Department of Pharmacology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Sunil V, Vayas K, Cervelli J, Goedken M, Venosa A, Malaviya R, Laskin J, Laskin D. Role of Surfactant Protein (SP)‐D in Vesicant‐induced Lung Toxicity. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.774.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi Sunil
- Pharmacology & ToxicologyRutgers UniversityUnited States
| | - Kinal Vayas
- Pharmacology & ToxicologyRutgers UniversityUnited States
| | | | - Michael Goedken
- Histopathology Core LaboratoriesOffice of Translational Services Rutgers UniversityUnited States
| | | | - Rama Malaviya
- Pharmacology & ToxicologyRutgers UniversityUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Laskin
- Depatment of Environmental & Occupational MedicineRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolUnited States
| | - Debra Laskin
- Pharmacology & ToxicologyRutgers UniversityUnited States
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Erdos Z, Pearson K, Goedken M, Menzel K, Sistare FD, Glaab WE, Saldutti LP. Inhibin B response to testicular toxicants hexachlorophene, ethane dimethane sulfonate, di-(n-butyl)-phthalate, nitrofurazone, DL-ethionine, 17-alpha ethinylestradiol, 2,5-hexanedione, or carbendazim following short-term dosing in male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 98:41-53. [PMID: 23348767 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibin B is a heterodimer glycoprotein that downregulates follicle-stimulating hormone and is produced predominantly by Sertoli cells. The potential correlation between changes in plasma Inhibin B and Sertoli cell toxicity was evaluated in male rats administered testicular toxicants in eight studies. Inhibin B fluctuations over 24 hr were also measured. METHODS Adult rats were administered one of eight testicular toxicants for 1 to 29 days. The toxicants were DL-ethionine, dibutyl phthalate, nitrofurazone, 2,5-hexanedione, 17-alpha ethinylestradiol, ethane dimethane sulfonate, hexachlorophene, and carbendazim. In a separate study plasma was collected throughout a 24-hr period via an automatic blood sampler. RESULTS Histomorphologic testicular findings included seminiferous tubule degeneration, round and elongate spermatid degeneration/necrosis, seminiferous tubule vacuolation, aspermatogenesis, and interstitial cell degeneration. There was a varying response of plasma Inhibin B levels to seminiferous tubule toxicity, with three studies showing high correlation, three studies with a response only at a certain time or dose, and two studies with no Inhibin B changes. In a receiver operating characteristics exclusion model analysis, where treated samples without histopathology were excluded, Inhibin B showed a sensitivity of 70% at 90% specificity in studies targeting seminiferous tubule toxicity. CONCLUSION Decreases in Inhibin B correlated with Sertoli cell toxicity in the majority of studies evaluated, demonstrating the value of Inhibin B as a potential biomarker of testicular toxicity. There was no correlation between decreases in Inhibin B and interstitial cell degeneration. In addition, a pattern of Inhibin B secretion could not be identified over 24 hr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Erdos
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Aleksunes LM, Slitt AL, Maher JM, Dieter MZ, Knight TR, Goedken M, Cherrington NJ, Chan JY, Klaassen CD, Manautou JE. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 expression in liver is critical for induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 during cholestasis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2007; 11:356-63. [PMID: 17278884 PMCID: PMC1759988 DOI: 10.1379/csc-217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile duct ligation (BDL) causes hepatocellular oxidative stress and injury. The transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2) induces expression of numerous genes including NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) during periods of oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that BDL increases liver expression of mouse antioxidant genes in an Nrf2-dependent manner. BDL or sham surgeries were performed on male C57BL/6, Nrf2-null, and wild-type mice. Livers were collected at 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery for analysis of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of Nrf2-responsive genes as well as Nqo1 protein and activity. BDL increased mRNA expression of multiple Nrf2 genes in mouse liver, compared to sham-operated controls. Follow-up studies investigating protein expression, enzyme activity, and Nrf2 dependency were limited to Nqo1. Nqo1 protein expression and activity in mouse livers was increased 2- to 3-, and 4- to 5-fold at 3 and 7 days after BDL, respectively. Studies also showed that BDL increases Nqol mRNA, protein expression, and enzyme activity in livers from wild-type mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. In conclusion, expression of Nrf2-dependent genes is increased during cholestasis. These studies also demonstrate that Nqo1 expression and activity in mouse liver are induced via an Nrf2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression and activity of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in human liver specimens obtained from patients with liver damage due to acetaminophen (APAP) overdose or primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).
METHODS: NQO1 activity was determined in cytosol from normal, APAP and PBC liver specimens. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine patterns of NQO1 expression using a specific antibody against NQO1.
RESULTS: NQO1 protein was very low in normal human livers. In both APAP and PBC livers, there was strong induction of NQO1 protein levels on Western blot. Correspondingly, significant up-regulation of enzyme activity (16- and 22-fold, P < 0.05) was also observed in APAP and PBC livers, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis highlighted injury-specific patterns of NQO1 staining in both APAP and PBC livers.
CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that NQO1 protein and activity are markedly induced in human livers during both APAP overdose and PBC. Up-regulation of this cytoprotective enzyme may represent an adaptive stress response to limit further disease progression by detoxifying reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
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Abstract
MRP3 is an ABC transporter localized in the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells such as hepatocytes and enterocytes. In this study, the role of Mrp3 in drug disposition was investigated. Because Mrp3 preferentially transports glucuronide conjugates, we investigated the in vivo disposition of acetaminophen (APAP) and its metabolites. Mrp3+/+ and Mrp3-/- knockout mice received APAP (150 mg/kg), and bile was collected. Basolateral and canalicular excretion of APAP was also assessed in the isolated perfused liver. In separate studies, mice received 400 mg APAP/kg for assessment of hepatotoxicity. No differences were found in the biliary excretion of APAP, APAP-sulfate, and APAP-glutathione between Mrp3+/+ and Mrp3-/- mice. However, 20-fold higher accumulation of APAP-glucuronide (APAP-GLUC) was found in the liver of Mrp3-/- mice. Concomitantly, plasma APAP-GLUC content in Mrp3-/- mice was less than 10% of that in Mrp3+/+ mice. In addition, APAP-GLUC excretion in bile of Mrp3-/- mice was tenfold higher than in Mrp3+/+ mice. In the isolated perfused liver, we also found a strong decrease of APAP-GLUC secretion into the perfusate of Mrp3-/- livers. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and histopathology showed that Mrp3-/- mice are more resistant to APAP hepatotoxicity than Mrp3+/+ mice, which is most likely a result of the faster repletion of hepatic GSH. In conclusion, basolateral excretion of APAP-GLUC in mice is nearly completely dependent on the function of Mrp3. In its absence, sufficient hepatic accumulation occurs to redirect some of the APAP-GLUC to bile. This altered disposition in Mrp3-/- mice is associated with reduced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Goedken M, De Guise S. Flow cytometry as a tool to quantify oyster defence mechanisms. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2004; 16:539-552. [PMID: 15123295 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2003] [Revised: 08/30/2003] [Accepted: 09/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fast growing oyster aquaculture industry is greatly hindered by Perkinsus marinus and Haplosporidium nelsoni which can kill up to 80% of the production. The relationship between parasites and oyster defence mechanisms is unclear. Two defence mechanisms of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) were quantified at the single cell level utilising flow cytometry. Phagocytosis was measured using fluorescent beads. Respiratory burst activity was quantified as the H2O2-specific increase in dichlorofluorescein-associated fluorescence upon stimulation. These two assays distinguished three populations of haemocytes (granulocytes, hyalinocytes and intermediate cells) with unique functional characteristics. Granulocytes were most active at phagocytosis and H2O2 production while hyalinocytes were relatively inactive. The intermediate cells had moderate phagocytic and respiratory burst activity. Flow cytometry can rapidly, accurately and directly quantify the morphology and function of a large number of individual cells, and will lead to a better understanding of the bivalve immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Goedken
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Bülow E, Nauseef WM, Goedken M, McCormick S, Calafat J, Gullberg U, Olsson I. Sorting for storage in myeloid cells of nonmyeloid proteins and chimeras with the propeptide of myeloperoxidase precursor. J Leukoc Biol 2002; 71:279-88. [PMID: 11818449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During formation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, proteins are synthesized for storage in granules. Whereas sorting of proteins into distinct subtypes of cytoplasmic granules may reflect the coordinated expression of the proteins contained in them, still the mechanism(s) for the retrieval of proteins from the constitutive secretion is unknown. To investigate the mechanisms of retrieval, nonmyeloid secretory proteins were expressed in myeloid cell lines, and their subcellular fate was assessed. The contribution of the propeptide (MPOpro) of the myeloperoxidase (MPO) precursor was investigated by determining the fate of chimeras containing MPOpro. The nonmyeloid protein alpha(1)-microglobulin (alpha(1)-m) was targeted to storage organelles in 32D cells and colocalized with the lysosomal marker LAMP-1, whereas soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1) was secreted without granule targeting. Fusion of MPOpro to alpha(1)-m delayed exit from endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but subsequent targeting to dense organelles was indistinguishable from that of alpha(1)-m alone. Fusion proteins between MPOpro and sTNFR1 or green fluorescent protein expressed in myeloid 32D, K562, or PLB-985 cells did not associate stably with calreticulin or calnexin, molecular chaperones that normally interact transiently with the MPO precursor, but were still efficiently retained in the ER followed by degradation. We conclude that normally secreted, nonmyeloid proteins can be targeted efficiently to storage organelles in myeloid cells, that myeloid cells selectively target some proteins for storage but not others, and that MPOpro may contribute to the prolonged ER retention of the MPO precursor independent of the ER-molecular chaperones calreticulin and calnexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bülow
- Department of Hematology, Lund University, Sweden.
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37
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Bülow E, Nauseef WM, Goedken M, McCormick S, Calafat J, Gullberg U, Olsson I. Sorting for storage in myeloid cells of nonmyeloid proteins and chimeras with the propeptide of myeloperoxidase precursor. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.71.2.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bülow
- Department of Hematology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - W. M. Nauseef
- Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Iowa, Iowa City; and
| | - M. Goedken
- Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Iowa, Iowa City; and
| | - S. McCormick
- Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Iowa, Iowa City; and
| | - J. Calafat
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - U. Gullberg
- Department of Hematology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - I. Olsson
- Department of Hematology, Lund University, Sweden
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Smolen JE, Hessler RJ, Nauseef WM, Goedken M, Joe Y. Identification and cloning of the SNARE proteins VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4 from HL-60 cells and human neutrophils. Inflammation 2001; 25:255-65. [PMID: 11580102 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010903804063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Degranulation and membrane fusion by neutrophils are essential to host defense. We sought homologues of neuron-specific fusion proteins in human neutrophils and in their precursors, the promyelocytic cell line HL-60. We screened a differentiated HL-60 library and obtained an 848 bp sequence with a 351 bp open reading frame, identical to that published for human VAMP-2 and including 5' and 3' untranslated regions. RNA from HL-60 cells during differentiation into the neutrophil lineage was subjected to Northern blot analysis. which revealed a transcript of approximately 1050 bp at all stages of differentiation. The amount of these transcripts increased approximately threefold during differentiation, a finding confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. We also detected mRNA for VAMP-2 in human neutrophils and monocytes using RT-PCR. In like fashion, transcripts of syntaxin-4, another fusion protein, were recovered from a neutrophil cDNA library. As with VAMP-2, expression of syntaxin-4 (determined by Northern blots) also increased, but by only 50%, during differentiation of HL-60 cells. These studies demonstrate that neutrophils and their progenitors possess mRNA for the fusion proteins VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4, and that their transcription increases during differentiation, concurrent with the functional maturation of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Smolen
- Department of Pediatrics, Leukocyte Biology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-2600, USA.
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Abstract
We have examined the biosynthesis of normal and mutant forms of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in order to gain insights into the critical features of normal biogenesis of MPO. The expression of wild-type and mutant forms of MPO in a stably transfected cell line devoid of endogenous MPO as well as in established human promyelocytic cell lines has allowed understanding of several features of MPO biosynthesis. It is clear that heme insertion into apoproMPO is necessary for proper folding, egress from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and eventual entry into the maturation pathway. In addition, molecular chaperones calreticulin and calnexin interact with normal MPO precursors in a sequential and regulated fashion. Studies of naturally occurring mutants, specifically missense mutations underlying inherited MPO deficiency, and mutations in putatively important residues in MPO have highlighted special features of the ER quality control system in the context of MPO biosynthesis. With identification of additional genotypes of MPO deficiency and the recent solution of MPO crystal structure at 1.8 A, this approach provides a powerful technique to assess structure-function relationships in MPO that are likely applicable to other members of the family of animal peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Iowa City, 52422, USA.
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DeLeo FR, Goedken M, McCormick SJ, Nauseef WM. A novel form of hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency linked to endoplasmic reticulum/proteasome degradation. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:2900-9. [PMID: 9637725 PMCID: PMC508882 DOI: 10.1172/jci2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency is a common inherited disorder linked to increased susceptibility to infection and malignancy. We identified a novel missense mutation in the MPO gene at codon 173 whereby tyrosine is replaced with cysteine (Y173C) that is associated with MPO deficiency and assessed its impact on MPO processing and targeting in transfectants expressing normal or mutant proteins. Although the precursor synthesized by cells expressing the Y173C mutation (MPOY173C) was glycosylated, associated with the molecular chaperones calreticulin and calnexin, and acquired heme, it was neither proteolytically processed to mature MPO subunits nor secreted. After prolonged association with calreticulin and calnexin in the endoplasmic reticulum, MPOY173C was degraded. Furthermore, the 20S proteasome inhibitor N-acetyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-L-norleucinyl inhibited its degradation, suggesting that the proteasome mediates proteolysis of MPOY173C and, thus, participates in quality control in this novel form of hereditary MPO deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R DeLeo
- Department of Medicine and the Inflammation Program, Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a neutrophil lysosomal hemeprotein essential for optimal oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity. We have demonstrated previously that calreticulin, a luminal endoplasmic reticulum protein, functions as a molecular chaperone during myeloperoxidase biosynthesis, associating reversibly with the heme-free precursor apopro-MPO. Because the membrane-bound endoplasmic reticulum protein calnexin is structurally and functionally related to calreticulin, we assessed the role of calnexin in myeloperoxidase biosynthesis. Like calreticulin, calnexin coprecipitated exclusively with glycosylated MPO precursors and with apopro-MPO but, in contrast to calreticulin, also with the enzymatically active, heme-containing precursor pro-MPO. To determine if calnexin participated in heme insertion into MPO, we compared the kinetics of chaperone association with MPO precursors using stable transfectants expressing cDNA encoding wild type MPO or mutated forms that do not acquire heme. Transfectants expressing mutant cDNA had prolonged association of MPO-related precursors with calreticulin and especially with calnexin. These studies demonstrate that 1) both calreticulin and calnexin associated with glycosylated apopro-MPO; 2) only calnexin associated selectively with the enzymatically active, heme-containing precursor pro-MPO; and 3) mutants unable to incorporate heme had prolonged association with calnexin. These findings represent the first evidence of a specialized role for calnexin in facilitating protein maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program and Departments of Medicine, University of Iowa and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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