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de Oliveira D, Khalil H, Almerinda G Palma F, Santana R, Nery N, C Quintero-Vélez J, Zeppelini CG, Almeida do Sacramento G, Cruz JS, Lustosa R, Santana Ferreira I, Carvalho-Pereira T, Diggle PJ, Wunder EA, I Ko A, Alzate Lopez Y, Begon M, G Reis M, Costa F. Factors associated with differential seropositivity to Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira kirschneri in a high transmission urban setting for leptospirosis in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011292. [PMID: 38758957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. Most studies infer the epidemiological patterns of a single serogroup or aggregate all serogroups to estimate overall seropositivity, thus not exploring the risks of exposure to distinct serogroups. The present study aims to delineate the demographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with seropositivity of Leptospira serogroup Icterohaemorraghiae and serogroup Cynopteri in an urban high transmission setting for leptospirosis in Brazil. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We performed a cross-sectional serological study in five informal urban communities in the city of Salvador, Brazil. During the years 2018, 2020 2021, we recruited 2.808 residents and collected blood samples for serological analysis using microagglutination assays. We used a fixed-effect multinomial logistic regression model to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity for each serogroup. Seropositivity to Cynopteri increased with each year of age (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and was higher in those living in houses with unplastered walls (exposed brick) (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.09-2.59) and where cats were present near the household (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.03-3.88). Seropositivity to Icterohaemorrhagiae also increased with each year of age (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) and was higher in males (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.10), in those with work-related exposures (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.10-2.66) or who had contact with sewage (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.00-2.03). Spatial analysis showed differences in distribution of seropositivity to serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteri within the five districts where study communities were situated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest distinct epidemiological patterns associated with the Icterohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteri serogroups in the urban environment at high risk for leptospirosis and with differences in spatial niches. We emphasize the need for studies that accurately identify the different pathogenic serogroups that circulate and infect residents of low-income areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana de Oliveira
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Roberta Santana
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Nivison Nery
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Juan C Quintero-Vélez
- Grupo de Ciencias Veterinarias-Centauro, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Caio Graco Zeppelini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline S Cruz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Lustosa
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | | | - Peter J Diggle
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Elsio A Wunder
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert I Ko
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yeimi Alzate Lopez
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Puchaud P, Michaud B, Begon M. The interplay of fatigue dynamics and task achievement using optimal control predictive simulation. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 94:103182. [PMID: 38401336 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Predictive simulation of human motion could provide insight into optimal techniques. In repetitive or long-duration tasks, these simulations must predict fatigue-induced adaptation. However, most studies minimize cost function terms related to actuator activations, assuming it minimizes fatigue. An additional modeling layer is needed to consider the previous use of muscles to reveal adaptive strategies to the decreased force production capability. Here, we propose interfacing Xia's three-compartment fatigue dynamics model with rigid-body dynamics. A stabilization invariant was added to Xia's model. We simulated the maximum repetition of dumbbell biceps curls as an optimal control problem (OCP) using direct multiple shooting. We explored three cost functions (minimizing torque, fatigue, or both) and two OCP formulations (full-horizon and sliding-horizon approaches). We adapted Xia's model by adding a stabilization invariant coefficients S=105 for direct multiple shooting. Sliding-horizon OCPs achieved 20 to 21 repetitions. The kinematic strategy slowly deviated from a plausible dumbbell lifting task to a swinging strategy as fatigue onset increasingly compromised the humerus to remain vertical. In full-horizon OCPs, the latter kinematic strategy was used over the whole motion, resulting in 32 repetitions. We showed that sliding-horizon OCPs revealed a reactive strategy to fatigue when only torque was included in the cost function, whereas an anticipatory strategy was revealed when the fatigue term was included in the cost function. Overall, the proposed approach has the potential to be a valuable tool in optimizing performance and helping reduce fatigue-related injuries in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Puchaud
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada.
| | - B Michaud
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada
| | - M Begon
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada
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3
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Blache Y, Lefebvre F, Rogowski I, Michaud B, Begon M. Is an ellipsoid surface suitable to model the scapulothoracic sliding plane? J Biomech 2024; 164:111989. [PMID: 38354513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Closed loop kinematic chain approaches are commonly used to assess scapular kinematics but with heterogeneous ellipsoid calibration procedures. This study aimed to assess whether an ellipsoid surface can model the scapulothoracic sliding plane and determine the optimal number of static poses to calibrate the ellipsoid parameters. An intracortical pin with a rigid cluster of four reflective markers was inserted into the left scapular spine of two healthy males (P1 and P2). They performed arm elevations, internal rotations, ball throwing, hockey shooting, and eating movements. Ellipsoid radii and center location were functionally calibrated for each participant and each movement, either based on all frames of a movement or based on a reduced number of frames (from 3 to 200 equally position-distributed frames). Across both participants and all movements, ellipsoid radii varied up to 10.2 cm, 3.9 cm, and 18.4 cm in the antero-posterior, medio-lateral, and cranio-caudal directions, respectively. When all frames of a movement were considered for calibration, the median scapula-to-ellipsoid distance was, on average, 0.52 mm and 0.38 mm for P1 and P2, respectively. When only five frames were considered for ellipsoid calibration, the scapula-to-ellipsoid median distance slightly increased with 0.57 mm and 0.47 mm for P1 and P2, respectively. To conclude, this study highlights that an ellipsoid surface may effectively be appropriate to model the scapulothoracic sliding plane, especially when the calibration is functional, participant- and movement-specific. Furthermore, the number of poses required for the ellipsoid calibration can be reduced to five, minimizing the experimental cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Blache
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - F Lefebvre
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; TRINOMA, Villefort, France
| | - I Rogowski
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B Michaud
- Laboratoire de simulation et modélisation du mouvement, Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Begon
- Laboratoire de simulation et modélisation du mouvement, Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Wanelik KM, Begon M, Fenton A, Norman RA, Beldomenico PM. Positive feedback loops exacerbate the influence of superspreaders in disease transmission. iScience 2023; 26:106618. [PMID: 37250299 PMCID: PMC10214397 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Superspreaders are recognized as being important drivers of disease spread. However, models to date have assumed random occurrence of superspreaders, irrespective of whom they were infected by. Evidence suggests though that those individuals infected by superspreaders may be more likely to become superspreaders themselves. Here, we begin to explore, theoretically, the effects of such a positive feedback loop on (1) the final epidemic size, (2) the herd immunity threshold, (3) the basic reproduction number, R0, and (4) the peak prevalence of superspreaders, using a generic model for a hypothetical acute viral infection and illustrative parameter values. We show that positive feedback loops can have a profound effect on our chosen epidemic outcomes, even when the transmission advantage of superspreaders is moderate, and despite peak prevalence of superspreaders remaining low. We argue that positive superspreader feedback loops in different infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, should be investigated further, both theoretically and empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara M. Wanelik
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mike Begon
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andy Fenton
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel A. Norman
- Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Pablo M. Beldomenico
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Esperanza, Argentina
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5
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de Oliveira D, Khalil H, Palma FAG, Santana R, Nery N, Quintero-Vélez JC, Zeppelini CG, do Sacramento GA, Cruz J, Lustosa R, Ferreira IS, Carvalho-Pereira T, Diggle PJ, Wunder EA, Ko AI, Lopez YA, Begon M, Reis MG, Costa F. Factors associated with differential seropositivity to Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira kirschneri in a high transmission urban setting for leptospirosis in Brazil. medRxiv 2023:2023.04.10.23288388. [PMID: 37090569 PMCID: PMC10120806 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.23288388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. Most studies infer the epidemiological patterns of a single serogroup or aggregate all serogroups to estimate overall seropositivity, thus not exploring the risks of exposure to distinct serogroups. The present study aims to delineate the demographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with seropositivity of Leptospira serogroup Icterohaemorraghiae and serogroup Cynopteri in an urban high transmission setting for leptospirosis in Brazil. Methods/Principal Findings We performed a cross-sectional serological study in five urban informal communities in the city of Salvador, Brazil. During the years 2018, 2020 2021, we recruited 2.808 residents and collected blood samples for serological analysis using microagglutination assays. We used a mixed-effect multinomial logistic regression model to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity for each serogroup. Seropositivity to Cynopteri increased with age in years (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and was higher in those living in houses with unplaster walls (exposed brick) (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.09-2.59) and where cats were present near the household (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.03-3.88). Seropositivity to Icterohaemorrhagiae also increased with age in years (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) but was higher in males (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.10), in those with work-related exposures (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.10-2.66) or who had contact with sewage (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.00-2.03). Spatial analysis showed differences in distribution of seropositivity to serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteri within the five districts where study communities were situated. Conclusions/Significance Our data suggests distinct epidemiological patterns associated with serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteri within the high-risk urban environment for leptospirosis and with differences of spatial niches. Future studies must identify the different pathogenic serogroups circulating in low-income areas, and further evaluate the potential role of cats in the transmission of the serogroup Cynopteri in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana de Oliveira
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fabiana Almerinda G. Palma
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Roberta Santana
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Nivison Nery
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Juan C. Quintero-Vélez
- Grupo de Ciencias Veterinarias - Centauro, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Caio Graco Zeppelini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gielson Almeida do Sacramento
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline Cruz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Lustosa
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Igor Santana Ferreira
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Peter J Diggle
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Elsio A. Wunder
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
| | - Yeimi Alzate Lopez
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Praça XV de novembro, s/n - Largo do Terreiro de Jesus, CEP 40026-010, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, 316, Canela, CEP 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
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Wanelik KM, Begon M, Bradley JE, Friberg IM, Taylor CH, Jackson JA, Paterson S. Early life immune expression profiles predict later life health and fitness in a wild rodent. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37009948 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals differ in the nature of the immune responses they produce, affecting disease susceptibility and ultimately health and fitness. These differences have been hypothesised to have an origin in events experienced early in life that then affect trajectories of immune development and responsiveness. Here, we investigate how early life immune expression profiles influence life history outcomes in a natural population of field voles, Microtus agrestis, in which we are able to monitor variation between and within individuals through time by repeat sampling of individually marked animals. We analysed the co-expression of 20 immune genes in early life to create a correlation network consisting of three main clusters, one of which (containing Gata3, Il10 and Il17) was associated with later life reproductive success and susceptibility to chronic bacterial (Bartonella) infection. More detailed analyses supported associations between early life expression of Il17 and reproductive success later in life, and of Il10 expression early in life and later infection with Bartonella. We also found significant association between an Il17 genotype and the early life expression of Il10. Our results demonstrate that immune expression profiles can be manifested during early life with effects that persist through adulthood and that shape the variability among individuals in susceptibility to infection and fitness widely seen in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara M Wanelik
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Ida M Friberg
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | | | - Joseph A Jackson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Fenn J, Taylor C, Goertz S, Wanelik KM, Paterson S, Begon M, Jackson J, Bradley J. Discrete patterns of microbiome variability across timescales in a wild rodent population. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:87. [PMID: 36997846 PMCID: PMC10061908 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian gastrointestinal microbiomes are highly variable, both within individuals and across populations, with changes linked to time and ageing being widely reported. Discerning patterns of change in wild mammal populations can therefore prove challenging. We used high-throughput community sequencing methods to characterise the microbiome of wild field voles (Microtus agrestis) from faecal samples collected across 12 live-trapping field sessions, and then at cull. Changes in α- and β-diversity were modelled over three timescales. Short-term differences (following 1–2 days captivity) were analysed between capture and cull, to ascertain the degree to which the microbiome can change following a rapid change in environment. Medium-term changes were measured between successive trapping sessions (12–16 days apart), and long-term changes between the first and final capture of an individual (from 24 to 129 days). The short period between capture and cull was characterised by a marked loss of species richness, while over medium and long-term in the field, richness slightly increased. Changes across both short and long timescales indicated shifts from a Firmicutes-dominant to a Bacteroidetes-dominant microbiome. Dramatic changes following captivity indicate that changes in microbiome diversity can be rapid, following a change of environment (food sources, temperature, lighting etc.). Medium- and long-term patterns of change indicate an accrual of gut bacteria associated with ageing, with these new bacteria being predominately represented by Bacteroidetes. While the patterns of change observed are unlikely to be universal to wild mammal populations, the potential for analogous shifts across timescales should be considered whenever studying wild animal microbiomes. This is especially true if studies involve animal captivity, as there are potential ramifications both for animal health, and the validity of the data itself as a reflection of a ‘natural’ state of an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fenn
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Christopher Taylor
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Sarah Goertz
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Klara M. Wanelik
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mike Begon
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joe Jackson
- grid.8752.80000 0004 0460 5971University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Jan Bradley
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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Taylor CH, Friberg IM, Jackson JA, Arriero E, Begon M, Wanelik KM, Paterson S, Bradley JE. Living with chronic infection: Persistent immunomodulation during avirulent haemoparasitic infection in a wild rodent. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1197-1210. [PMID: 36478482 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apicomplexans are a protozoan phylum of obligate parasites which may be highly virulent during acute infections, but may also persist as chronic infections which appear to have little fitness cost. Babesia microti is an apicomplexan haemoparasite that, in immunocompromised individuals, can cause severe, potentially fatal disease. However, in its natural host, wild field voles (Microtus agrestis), it exhibits chronic infections that have no detectable impact on survival or female fecundity. How is damage minimized, and what is the impact on the host's immune state and health? We examine the differences in immune state (here represented by expression of immune-related genes in multiple tissues) associated with several common chronic infections in a population of wild field voles. While some infections show little impact on immune state, we find strong associations between immune state and B. microti. These include indications of clearance of infected erythrocytes (increased macrophage activity in the spleen) and activity likely associated with minimizing damage from the infection (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in the blood). By analysing gene expression from the same individuals at multiple time points, we show that the observed changes are a response to infection, rather than a risk factor. Our results point towards continual investment to minimize the damage caused by the infection. Thus, we shed light on how wild animals can tolerate some chronic infections, but emphasize that this tolerance does not come without a cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida M Friberg
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Joseph A Jackson
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Elena Arriero
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Klara M Wanelik
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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9
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Wanelik KM, Begon M, Bradley JE, Friberg IM, Jackson JA, Taylor CH, Paterson S. Effects of an IgE receptor polymorphism acting on immunity, susceptibility to infection, and reproduction in a wild rodent. eLife 2023; 12:77666. [PMID: 36645701 PMCID: PMC9842384 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The genotype of an individual is an important predictor of their immune function, and subsequently, their ability to control or avoid infection and ultimately contribute offspring to the next generation. However, the same genotype, subjected to different intrinsic and/or extrinsic environments, can also result in different phenotypic outcomes, which can be missed in controlled laboratory studies. Natural wildlife populations, which capture both genotypic and environmental variability, provide an opportunity to more fully understand the phenotypic expression of genetic variation. We identified a synonymous polymorphism in the high-affinity Immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor (GC and non-GC haplotypes) that has sex-dependent effects on immune gene expression, susceptibility to infection, and reproductive success of individuals in a natural population of field voles (Microtus agrestis). We found that the effect of the GC haplotype on the expression of immune genes differed between sexes. Regardless of sex, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes were more highly relatively expressed in individuals with the GC haplotype than individuals without the haplotype. However, males with the GC haplotype showed a stronger signal for pro-inflammatory genes, while females showed a stronger signal for anti-inflammatory genes. Furthermore, we found an effect of the GC haplotype on the probability of infection with a common microparasite, Babesia microti, in females - with females carrying the GC haplotype being more likely to be infected. Finally, we found an effect of the GC haplotype on reproductive success in males - with males carrying the GC haplotype having a lower reproductive success. This is a rare example of a polymorphism whose consequences we are able to follow across immunity, infection, and reproduction for both males and females in a natural population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara M Wanelik
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Janette E Bradley
- School of Life Sciences, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Ida M Friberg
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of SalfordSalfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Jackson
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of SalfordSalfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
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10
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Eyre MT, Souza FN, Carvalho-Pereira TSA, Nery N, de Oliveira D, Cruz JS, Sacramento GA, Khalil H, Wunder EA, Hacker KP, Hagan JE, Childs JE, Reis MG, Begon M, Diggle PJ, Ko AI, Giorgi E, Costa F. Linking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover Leptospira infections in marginalised urban settings: An eco-epidemiological community-based cohort study in Brazil. eLife 2022; 11:e73120. [PMID: 36111781 PMCID: PMC9560157 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zoonotic spillover from animal reservoirs is responsible for a significant global public health burden, but the processes that promote spillover events are poorly understood in complex urban settings. Endemic transmission of Leptospira, the agent of leptospirosis, in marginalised urban communities occurs through human exposure to an environment contaminated by bacteria shed in the urine of the rat reservoir. However, it is unclear to what extent transmission is driven by variation in the distribution of rats or by the dispersal of bacteria in rainwater runoff and overflow from open sewer systems. Methods We conducted an eco-epidemiological study in a high-risk community in Salvador, Brazil, by prospectively following a cohort of 1401 residents to ascertain serological evidence for leptospiral infections. A concurrent rat ecology study was used to collect information on the fine-scale spatial distribution of 'rattiness', our proxy for rat abundance and exposure of interest. We developed and applied a novel geostatistical framework for joint spatial modelling of multiple indices of disease reservoir abundance and human infection risk. Results The estimated infection rate was 51.4 (95%CI 40.4, 64.2) infections per 1000 follow-up events. Infection risk increased with age until 30 years of age and was associated with male gender. Rattiness was positively associated with infection risk for residents across the entire study area, but this effect was stronger in higher elevation areas (OR 3.27 95% CI 1.68, 19.07) than in lower elevation areas (OR 1.14 95% CI 1.05, 1.53). Conclusions These findings suggest that, while frequent flooding events may disperse bacteria in regions of low elevation, environmental risk in higher elevation areas is more localised and directly driven by the distribution of local rat populations. The modelling framework developed may have broad applications in delineating complex animal-environment-human interactions during zoonotic spillover and identifying opportunities for public health intervention. Funding This work was supported by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, the National Institutes of Health of the United States (grant numbers F31 AI114245, R01 AI052473, U01 AI088752, R01 TW009504 and R25 TW009338); the Wellcome Trust (102330/Z/13/Z), and by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB/JCB0020/2016). MTE was supported by a Medical Research UK doctorate studentship. FBS participated in this study under a FAPESB doctorate scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max T Eyre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical SchoolLancasterUnited Kingdom
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Fábio N Souza
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of BahiaSalvadorBrazil
| | | | - Nivison Nery
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of BahiaSalvadorBrazil
| | - Daiana de Oliveira
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of BahiaSalvadorBrazil
| | - Jaqueline S Cruz
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of BahiaSalvadorBrazil
| | | | - Hussein Khalil
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of BahiaSalvadorBrazil
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Elsio A Wunder
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of HealthSalvadorBrazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
| | | | - José E Hagan
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for EuropeCopenhagenDenmark
| | - James E Childs
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of HealthSalvadorBrazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of BahiaSalvadorBrazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of HealthSalvadorBrazil
| | - Mike Begon
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter J Diggle
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical SchoolLancasterUnited Kingdom
| | - Albert I Ko
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of HealthSalvadorBrazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
| | - Emanuele Giorgi
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical SchoolLancasterUnited Kingdom
| | - Federico Costa
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical SchoolLancasterUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of BahiaSalvadorBrazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of HealthSalvadorBrazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
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11
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Pertile AC, Lustosa R, Carvalho-Pereira T, Pedra GG, Panti-May JA, Oliveira U, Zeppelini CG, Souza FN, Oliveira DS, Khalil H, Reis MG, Childs J, Ko AI, Begon M, Costa F. Evaluation of the impact of chemical control on the ecology of Rattus norvegicus of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270568. [PMID: 35857771 PMCID: PMC9299319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of synanthropic rodents, such as Rattus norvegicus, in urban environments generates high costs of prophylaxis and control, in large part due to the environmental transmission of the pathogenic spirochete Leptospira interrogans, which causes leptospirosis. In Salvador, Brazil, The Center for Control of Zoonosis (CCZ) is responsible for planning and implementing Rodent Control Programs (RCP) which are based on chemical rodenticide. However, these strategies have not been standardized for use in developing countries. AIM This study aimed to identify the effect of a chemical control campaign on the demographic variables of urban R. norvegicus, analyzing relative abundance, sex structure, body mass, and age of the population, as well as the characterization of spatial distribution among households, rodent capture campaigns and interventions. METHODS This study was carried out during 2015 in three valleys of an urban poor community in Salvador. Individuals of R. norvegicus were systematically captured before (Pre-intervention) and three months (1st post-intervention) and six months (2nd post-intervention) after a chemical control intervention conducted by the CCZ in two valleys of the study area while the third valley was not included in the intervention campaign and was used as a non-intervention reference. We used analysis of variance to determine if intervention affected demographic variables and chi-square to compare proportions of infested households (Rodent infestation index-PII). RESULTS During the chemical intervention, 939 households were visited. In the pre-intervention campaign, an effort of 310 trap nights resulted in 43 rodents captured, and in the 1st and 2nd, post-intervention campaigns resulted in 47 rodents captured over 312 trap nights and 36 rodents captured over 324 traps-nights, respectively. The rodent infestation index (PII) points did not show a reduction between the period before the intervention and the two periods after the chemical intervention (70%, 72%, and 65%, respectively). Regarding relative abundances, there was no difference between valleys and period before and two periods after chemical intervention (trap success valley 1: 0,18; 0,19; 0,18 / Valley 3 0,15; 0,17; 0,13/ P>0,05). Other demographic results showed that there was no difference in demographic characteristics of the rodent population before and after the intervention, as well as there being no influence of the application of rodenticide on the areas of concentration of capture of rodents between the campaigns. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that the chemical control was not effective in controlling the population of R. norvegicus and provides evidence of the need for re-evaluation of rodent control practices in urban poor community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoê Cristina Pertile
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lustosa
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ghizzi Pedra
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Alonso Panti-May
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Udimila Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caio Graco Zeppelini
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fábio Neves Souza
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daiana S. Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - James Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Umea, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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12
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Zeppelini CG, Carvalho-Pereira T, Alves RS, Santiago DCC, Santo VFE, Begon M, Costa F, Khalil H. Demographic drivers of Norway rat populations from urban slums in Brazil. Urban Ecosyst 2021; 24:801-809. [PMID: 34720572 PMCID: PMC8550123 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Norway rat is a globally distributed pest, known for its resilience to eradication and control programs. Efficient population control, especially in urban settings, is dependent on knowledge of rat demography and population ecology. We analyzed the relationship between four demographic outcomes, estimated by live-trapping data, and fine-scale environmental features measured at the capture site. Wounds, a proxy for agonistic interactions, were associated with mature individuals. Areas with environmental features favorable to rats, such as open sewers and unpaved earth, were associated with more mature individuals with a better body condition index. The control measures (environmental stressors) are likely to be disrupting the social structure of rat colonies, increasing the frequency and distribution of agonistic interactions, which were common in both sexes and maturity states. The relationship between the favorable environmental conditions and the demographic markers analyzed indicate possible targets for infestation control through environmental manipulation, and could be incorporated into current pest management programs to achieve long-term success. Our study indicate that urban interventions focused on removal of potential resources for rats could be potential long-term solutions by reducing the carrying capacity of the environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11252-020-01075-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Zeppelini
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Barão do Geremoabo, Salvador, 147 Brazil
| | - T Carvalho-Pereira
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Basílio da Gama, S/N, Salvador, Brazil
| | - R Sady Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade federal da Bahia, R. Barão do Geremoabo, Salvador, 147 Brazil
| | - D C C Santiago
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Barão do Geremoabo, Salvador, 147 Brazil
| | - V F Espirito Santo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Barão do Geremoabo, Salvador, 147 Brazil
| | - M Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - F Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Basílio da Gama, S/N, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Blache Y, Degot M, Duprey S, Begon M, Rogowski I. Closed-loop multibody kinematic optimization coupled with double calibration improves scapular kinematic estimates in asymptomatic population. J Biomech 2021; 126:110653. [PMID: 34343862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive methods still need to better estimate scapular kinematics because of soft tissue artifact issue. This study aimed to develop and assess new procedures to estimate scapular kinematics by combining closed kinematic chain optimization and double calibration. Sixteen healthy volunteers performed static postures mimicking analytical and daily living movements. Scapulo-thoracic angles were computed either with a scapula locator (Ref), or with a closed-loop multibody kinematic optimization (Ell) or with double calibration involving linear (DClin), exponential (DCexp) or logarithmic (DClog) correction. Double calibration corrections enforced scapulo-thoracic angles to be the same than those measured with Ref at the end of the movement performed. DClin and DClog significantly (p < 0.01) reduced scapulo-thoracic misorientation for at least the second third of the movement with averaged improvement ranging from 9° to 32°. Moreover, for arm elevation in the sagittal plane, internal rotations and mimicking hair combing, the beneficial effect of DClin and DClog propagates up to half of the movement. To conclude, when a kinematic chain is required, coupling double calibration (using either linear or logarithmic correction), to a closed-loop multibody kinematic optimization is an efficient and fast method in regard with improvement in scapular kinematic estimates in healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Blache
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - M Degot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622 Lyon, France
| | - M Begon
- École de Kinésiologie et de Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - I Rogowski
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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14
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Souza FN, Aguiar Santos M, Almeida Alves D, Cecília Vieira de Melo L, Jessé Gonçalves da Mota D, Cristina Pertile A, Gava R, Luiz Silva Pinto P, Eyre MT, Graco Zeppelini C, Reis MG, Ko AI, Begon M, Bahiense TC, Costa F, Carvalho-Pereira T. Angiostrongylus cantonensis in urban populations of terrestrial gastropods and rats in an impoverished region of Brazil. Parasitology 2021; 148:994-1002. [PMID: 33843507 PMCID: PMC11010192 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common cause of neuroangiostrongyliasis (manifested as eosinophilic meningitis) in humans. Gastropod molluscs are used as intermediate hosts and rats of various species are definitive hosts of this parasite. In this study, we identified several environmental factors associated with the presence and abundance of terrestrial gastropods in an impoverished urban region in Brazil. We also found that body condition, age and presence of co-infection with other parasite species in urban Rattus norvegicus, as well as environmental factors were associated with the probability and intensity of A. cantonensis infection. The study area was also found to have a moderate prevalence of the nematode in rodents (33% of 168 individuals). Eight species of molluscs (577 individuals) were identified, four of which were positive for A. cantonensis. Our study indicates that the environmental conditions of poor urban areas (presence of running and standing water, sewage, humidity and accumulated rain and accumulation of construction materials) influenced both the distribution and abundance of terrestrial gastropods, as well as infected rats, contributing to the maintenance of the A. cantonensis transmission cycle in the area. Besides neuroangiostrongyliasis, the presence of these hosts may also contribute to susceptibility to other zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio N. Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maísa Aguiar Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniele Almeida Alves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arsinoê Cristina Pertile
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Max T. Eyre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Federico Costa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
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15
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Casanovas-Massana A, de Oliveira D, Schneider AG, Begon M, Childs JE, Costa F, Reis MG, Ko AI, Wunder EA. Genetic evidence for a potential environmental pathway to spillover infection of rat-borne leptospirosis. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:130-134. [PMID: 34139761 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we genotyped samples from environmental reservoirs (surface water and soil), colonized rat specimens and cases of human severe leptospirosis from an endemic urban slum in Brazil, to determine the molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Leptospira and identify pathways of leptospirosis infection. We identified a well-stablished population of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni common to human leptospirosis cases, and animal and environmental reservoirs. This finding provides genetic evidence for a potential environmental spillover pathway for rat-borne leptospirosis through the environment in this urban community and highlights the importance of environmental and social interventions to reduce spillover infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James E Childs
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Federico Costa
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Albert I Ko
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elsio A Wunder
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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16
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Pimentel Sobrinho C, Lima Godoi J, Neves Souza F, Graco Zeppelini C, Espirito Santo V, Carvalho Santiago D, Sady Alves R, Khalil H, Carvalho Pereira T, Hanzen Pinna M, Begon M, Machado Cordeiro S, Neves Reis J, Costa F. Prevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Salmonella spp. with zoonotic potential in urban rats in Salvador, Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 149:e128. [PMID: 33213546 PMCID: PMC8167902 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882000285x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies evaluating the occurrence of enteropathogenic bacteria in urban rats (Rattus spp.) are scarce worldwide, specifically in the urban environments of tropical countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Salmonella spp. with zoonotic potential in urban slum environments. We trapped rats between April and June 2018 in Salvador, Brazil. We collected rectal swabs from Rattus spp., and cultured for E. coli and Salmonella spp., and screened E. coli isolates by polymerase chain reaction to identify pathotypes. E. coli were found in 70% of Rattus norvegicus and were found in four Rattus rattus. DEC were isolated in 31.3% of the 67 brown rats (R. norvegicus). The pathotypes detected more frequently were shiga toxin E. coli in 11.9%, followed by atypical enteropathogenic E. coli in 10.4% and enteroinvasive E. coli in 4.5%. From the five black rats (R. rattus), two presented DEC. Salmonella enterica was found in only one (1.4%) of 67 R. norvegicus. Our findings indicate that both R. norvegicus and R. rattus are host of DEC and, at lower prevalence, S. enterica, highlighting the importance of rodents as potential sources of pathogenic agents for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Lima Godoi
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F. Neves Souza
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - V. Espirito Santo
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - D. Carvalho Santiago
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - R. Sady Alves
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - H. Khalil
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T. Carvalho Pereira
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - M. Hanzen Pinna
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - M. Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - J. Neves Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F. Costa
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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17
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Neves Souza F, Awoniyi AM, Palma FAG, Begon M, Costa F. Short Communicaton:Increased Rat Sightings in Urban Slums During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Risk for Rat-Borne Zoonoses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 21:160-161. [PMID: 33175660 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Neves Souza
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA; Institute of Collective Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Costa
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA; Institute of Collective Health, Salvador, Brazil.,Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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18
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Blache Y, Degot M, Begon M, Duprey S, Rogowski I. Does double calibration coupled with a closed loop multibody kinematic optimization improve scapular kinematic estimates? Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1811505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Blache
- Univ-Lyon, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Degot
- Univ-Lyon, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Begon
- bS2M Lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - S. Duprey
- Univ-Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T 9406, Lyon, France
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19
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Eyre MT, Carvalho-Pereira TSA, Souza FN, Khalil H, Hacker KP, Serrano S, Taylor JP, Reis MG, Ko AI, Begon M, Diggle PJ, Costa F, Giorgi E. A multivariate geostatistical framework for combining multiple indices of abundance for disease vectors and reservoirs: a case study of rattiness in a low-income urban Brazilian community. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200398. [PMID: 32871096 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A key requirement in studies of endemic vector-borne or zoonotic disease is an estimate of the spatial variation in vector or reservoir host abundance. For many vector species, multiple indices of abundance are available, but current approaches to choosing between or combining these indices do not fully exploit the potential inferential benefits that might accrue from modelling their joint spatial distribution. Here, we develop a class of multivariate generalized linear geostatistical models for multiple indices of abundance. We illustrate this novel methodology with a case study on Norway rats in a low-income urban Brazilian community, where rat abundance is a likely risk factor for human leptospirosis. We combine three indices of rat abundance to draw predictive inferences on a spatially continuous latent process, rattiness, that acts as a proxy for abundance. We show how to explore the association between rattiness and spatially varying environmental factors, evaluate the relative importance of each of the three contributing indices and assess the presence of residual, unexplained spatial variation, and identify rattiness hotspots. The proposed methodology is applicable more generally as a tool for understanding the role of vector or reservoir host abundance in predicting spatial variation in the risk of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max T Eyre
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - Fábio N Souza
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Bahia, Brazil.,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | | | - Soledad Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Joshua P Taylor
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Bahia, Brazil.,Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Albert I Ko
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mike Begon
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Peter J Diggle
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Federico Costa
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-040, Bahia, Brazil.,Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Emanuele Giorgi
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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20
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Hoffmann M, Begon M, Lafon Y, Duprey S. Influence of glenohumeral joint muscle insertion on moment arms using a finite element model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:1117-1126. [PMID: 32643408 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1789606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate muscle geometry is essential to estimate moment arms in musculoskeletal models. Given the complex interactions between shoulder structures, we hypothesized that finite element (FE) modelling is suitable to obtain physiological muscle trajectory. A FE glenohumeral joint model was developed based on medical imaging. Moment arms were computed and compared to literature and MRI-based estimation. Our FE model produces moment arms consistent with the literature and with MRI data (max 17 mm differences). The inferior and superior fibres of a same muscle can have opposite action; predictions of moment arms are sensitive to muscle insertion (up to 20 mm variation).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoffmann
- Institute of biomedical engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Begon
- Institute of biomedical engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,School of kinesiology and physical activity sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Y Lafon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
| | - S Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
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21
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Hoffmann M, Begon M, Abdelnour R, Duprey S. Changes in shoulder muscle geometry at different level of isometric contraction. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hoffmann
- Institut de génie biomédical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M. Begon
- Institut de génie biomédical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - R. Abdelnour
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S. Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Cherni
- School of kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Center, UHC Sainte- Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M. Hajizadeh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M. Begon
- School of kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Center, UHC Sainte- Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - N.A Turpin
- Department of sport sciences (STAPS), IRISSE lab (EA 4075), Université de la Réunion, France
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23
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Wanelik KM, Begon M, Arriero E, Bradley JE, Friberg IM, Jackson JA, Taylor CH, Paterson S. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals different categories of response to a standardised immune challenge in a wild rodent. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7444. [PMID: 32366957 PMCID: PMC7198573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals vary in their immune response and, as a result, some are more susceptible to infectious disease than others. Little is known about the nature of this individual variation in natural populations, or which components of immune pathways are most responsible, but defining this underlying landscape of variation is an essential first step to understanding the drivers of this variation and, ultimately, predicting the outcome of infection. We describe transcriptome-wide variation in response to a standardised immune challenge in wild field voles. We find that genes (hereafter 'markers') can be categorised into a limited number of types. For the majority of markers, the response of an individual is dependent on its baseline expression level, with significant enrichment in this category for conventional immune pathways. Another, moderately sized, category contains markers for which the responses of different individuals are also variable but independent of their baseline expression levels. This category lacks any enrichment for conventional immune pathways. We further identify markers which display particularly high individual variability in response, and could be used as markers of immune response in larger studies. Our work shows how a standardised challenge performed on a natural population can reveal the patterns of natural variation in immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara M Wanelik
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Arriero
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janette E Bradley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ida M Friberg
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Jackson
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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24
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Hacker KP, Sacramento GA, Cruz JS, de Oliveira D, Nery N, Lindow JC, Carvalho M, Hagan J, Diggle PJ, Begon M, Reis MG, Wunder EA, Ko AI, Costa F. Influence of Rainfall on Leptospira Infection and Disease in a Tropical Urban Setting, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:311-314. [PMID: 31961288 PMCID: PMC6986844 DOI: 10.3201/eid2602.190102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hospitalized leptospirosis patients was positively associated with increased precipitation in Salvador, Brazil. However, Leptospira infection risk among a cohort of city residents was inversely associated with rainfall. These findings indicate that, although heavy rainfall may increase severe illness, Leptospira exposures can occur year-round.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaqueline S. Cruz
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Daiana de Oliveira
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Nivison Nery
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Janet C. Lindow
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Mayara Carvalho
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Jose Hagan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Peter J. Diggle
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Mike Begon
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
| | - Elsio A. Wunder
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.P. Hacker)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (K.P. Hacker, J.C. Lindow, J. Hagan, E.A. Wunder, Jr., A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (G.A. Sacramento, J.S. Cruz, D. de Oliveira, N. Nery, Jr., J.C. Lindow, M. Carvalho, J. Hagan, M.G Reis, A.I. Ko, F. Costa)
- Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana, USA (J.C. Lindow); Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK (P.J. Diggle)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (P.J. Diggle)
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (M. Begon)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (M.G. Reis, F. Costa)
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25
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Carvalho‐Pereira TSA, Souza FN, Santos LRDN, Pedra GG, Minter A, Bahiense TC, Reis MG, Ko AI, Childs JE, Silva EM, Costa F, Begon M. Coinfection modifies carriage of enzootic and zoonotic parasites in Norway rats from an urban slum. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ticiana S. A. Carvalho‐Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ministério da Saúde Salvador Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Fábio Neves Souza
- Instituto de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ministério da Saúde Salvador Brazil
| | | | | | - Amanda Minter
- Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Thiago Campanharo Bahiense
- Instituto de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Brazil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Instituto de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ministério da Saúde Salvador Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Albert Icksang Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - James E. Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Eduardo M. Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Brazil
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ministério da Saúde Salvador Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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Minter A, Costa F, Khalil H, Childs J, Diggle P, Ko AI, Begon M. Optimal Control of Rat-Borne Leptospirosis in an Urban Environment. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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27
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Turpin NA, Martinez R, Begon M. Shoulder muscles coordination during eccentric actions. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Turpin
- Department of Sport Sciences (STAPS), IRISSE Lab (EA 4075); Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - R. Martinez
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M. Begon
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tomezzoli A, Michaud B, Begon M, Duprey S. Bow camber and mass distribution: violinist’s preferences and sound descriptors. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Tomezzoli
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
| | - B. Michaud
- Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - M. Begon
- Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Laval, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S. Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
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Blache Y, Michaud B, Rogowski I, Monteil K, Begon M. Sensitivity of Shoulder Musculoskeletal Model Predictions to Muscle–Tendon Properties. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:1309-1317. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2872833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Minter A, Diggle PJ, Costa F, Childs J, Ko AI, Begon M. A model for leptospire dynamics and control in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) the reservoir host in urban slum environments. Epidemics 2018; 25:26-34. [PMID: 29773482 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that humans can contract via contact with animal reservoirs directly or with water contaminated with their urine. The primary reservoir of pathogenic leptospires within urban slum environments is the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). Motivated by the annual outbreaks of human leptospirosis in slum urban settings, the within population infection dynamics of the Norway rat were investigated in Pau da Lima, an community in Salvador, Brazil. A mechanistic model of the dynamics of leptospire infection was informed by extensive field and laboratory data was developed and explored analytically. To identify the intraspecific transmission route of most importance, a global sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number to its components was performed. In addition, different methods of rodent control were investigated by calculating target reproduction numbers. Our results suggest environmental transmission plays an important role in the maintenance of infection in the rodent population. To control numbers of wild Norway rats, combinations of controls are recommended but environmental control should also be investigated to reduce prevalence of infection in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Minter
- Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter J Diggle
- CHICAS, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Federico Costa
- Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Sáude, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - James Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Albert I Ko
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Sáude, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Carvalho-Pereira T, Souza FN, Santos LRN, Walker R, Pertile AC, de Oliveira DS, Pedra GG, Minter A, Rodrigues MG, Bahiense TC, Reis MG, Diggle PJ, Ko AI, Childs JE, da Silva EM, Begon M, Costa F. The helminth community of a population of Rattus norvegicus from an urban Brazilian slum and the threat of zoonotic diseases. Parasitology 2018; 145:797-806. [PMID: 29113595 PMCID: PMC6277907 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Urban slums provide suitable conditions for infestation by rats, which harbour and shed a wide diversity of zoonotic pathogens including helminths. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with the probability and intensity of infection of helminths of the digestive tract in an urban slum population of Rattus norvegicus. Among 299 rats, eleven species/groups of helminths were identified, of which Strongyloides sp., Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and, the human pathogen, Angiostrongylus cantonensis were the most frequent (97, 41 and 39%, respectively). Sex interactions highlighted behavioural differences between males and females, as eg males were more likely to be infected with N. brasiliensis where rat signs were present, and males presented more intense infections of Strongyloides sp. Moreover, rats in poor body condition had higher intensities of N. brasiliensis. We describe a high global richness of parasites in R. norvegicus, including five species known to cause disease in humans. Among these, A. cantonensis was found in high prevalence and it was ubiquitous in the study area - knowledge which is of public health importance. A variety of environmental, demographic and body condition variables were associated with helminth species infection of rats, suggesting a comparable variety of risk factors for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fábio N. Souza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luana R. N. Santos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ruth Walker
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Arsinoê C. Pertile
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daiana S. de Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G. Pedra
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amanda Minter
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maria Gorete Rodrigues
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Peter J. Diggle
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - James E. Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Federico Costa
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
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Schneider AG, Casanovas-Massana A, Hacker KP, Wunder EA, Begon M, Reis MG, Childs JE, Costa F, Lindow JC, Ko AI. Quantification of pathogenic Leptospira in the soils of a Brazilian urban slum. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006415. [PMID: 29624576 PMCID: PMC5906024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality globally, primarily in residents of urban slums. While contact with contaminated water plays a critical role in the transmission of leptospirosis, little is known about the distribution and abundance of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in soil and the potential contribution of this source to human infection. Methods/Principal findings We collected soil samples (n = 70) from three sites within an urban slum community endemic for leptospirosis in Salvador, Brazil. Using qPCR of Leptospira genes lipl32 and 16S rRNA, we quantified the pathogenic Leptospira load in each soil sample. lipl32 qPCR detected pathogenic Leptospira in 22 (31%) of 70 samples, though the median concentration among positive samples was low (median = 6 GEq/g; range: 4–4.31×102 GEq/g). We also observed heterogeneity in the distribution of pathogenic Leptospira at the fine spatial scale. However, when using 16S rRNA qPCR, we detected a higher proportion of Leptospira-positive samples (86%) and higher bacterial concentrations (median: 4.16×102 GEq/g; range: 4–2.58×104 GEq/g). Sequencing of the qPCR amplicons and qPCR analysis with all type Leptospira species revealed that the 16S rRNA qPCR detected not only pathogenic Leptospira but also intermediate species, although both methods excluded saprophytic Leptospira. No significant associations were identified between the presence of pathogenic Leptospira DNA and environmental characteristics (vegetation, rat activity, distance to an open sewer or a house, or soil clay content), though samples with higher soil moisture content showed higher prevalences. Conclusion/Significance This is the first study to successfully quantify the burden of pathogenic Leptospira in soil from an endemic region. Our results support the hypothesis that soil may be an under-recognized environmental reservoir contributing to transmission of pathogenic Leptospira in urban slums. Consequently, the role of soil should be considered when planning interventions aimed to reduce the burden of leptospirosis in these communities. Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations in urban slums. The disease is transmitted by direct contact with water, soil, or mud that has been contaminated with infected urine shed from chronically infected animals. Despite the critical role the environment plays in the epidemiology of the disease, the contribution of soil to the transmission cycle remains largely undescribed. Herein, we investigated the distribution of pathogenic Leptospira in soil samples from an endemic urban slum in Brazil. We found pathogenic Leptospira in nearly one-third of the soil samples, predominantly in low concentrations (<5×102 GEq/g). However, we observed considerable variation in the distribution and concentration of the pathogen at the fine spatial scale within the slum. Our results indicate that soil is likely an important additional environmental reservoir of pathogenic Leptospira in urban slums and prevention strategies should consider soil to help prevent the transmission of the disease in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Schneider
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Arnau Casanovas-Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ACM); (AIK)
| | - Kathryn P. Hacker
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elsio A. Wunder
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - James E. Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Federico Costa
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Janet C. Lindow
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ACM); (AIK)
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Taylor CH, Wanelik KM, Friberg IM, Lowe A, Hall AJ, Ralli C, Birtles RJ, Begon M, Paterson S, Jackson JA, Bradley JE. Physiological, but not fitness, effects of two interacting haemoparasitic infections in a wild rodent. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:463-471. [PMID: 29476867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the conditions in most laboratory studies, wild animals are routinely challenged by multiple infections simultaneously, and these infections can interact in complex ways. This means that the impact of a parasite on its host's physiology and fitness cannot be fully assessed in isolation, and requires consideration of the interactions with other co-infections. Here we examine the impact of two common blood parasites in the field vole (Microtus agrestis): Babesia microti and Bartonella spp., both of which have zoonotic potential. We collected longitudinal and cross-sectional data from four populations of individually tagged wild field voles. This included data on biometrics, life history, ectoparasite counts, presence/absence of microparasites, immune markers and, for a subset of voles, more detailed physiological and immunological measurements. This allowed us to monitor infections over time and to estimate components of survival and fecundity. We confirm, as reported previously, that B. microti has a preventative effect on infection with Bartonella spp., but that the reverse is not true. We observed gross splenomegaly following B. microti infection, and an increase in IL-10 production together with some weight loss following Bartonella spp. infection. However, these animals appeared otherwise healthy and we detected no impact of infection on survival or fecundity due to the two haemoparasite taxa. This is particularly remarkable in the case of B. microti which induces apparently drastic long-term changes to spleen sizes, but without major adverse effects. Our work sheds light on the ecologies of these important zoonotic agents, and more generally on the influence that interactions among multiple parasites have on their hosts in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klara M Wanelik
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Ida M Friberg
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Ann Lowe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amy J Hall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Catriona Ralli
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard J Birtles
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Joseph A Jackson
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Janette E Bradley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gillet
- a Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM EA 7424, UFRSTAPS 27-29 , Villeurbanne Cedex , France.,b Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada , Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Laval, Canada
| | - M Begon
- b Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada , Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Laval, Canada.,c Centre de Recherche de l'hôpital Sainte Justine , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Y Blache
- a Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM EA 7424, UFRSTAPS 27-29 , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
| | - C Berger-Vachon
- d IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs-F69675 , Bron , France.,e Ligue du Lyonnais de Tennis , Bron , France
| | - I Rogowski
- a Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM EA 7424, UFRSTAPS 27-29 , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
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Duprey S, Michaud B, Begon M. Muscular activity variations of the right bowing arm of the violin player. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:71-72. [PMID: 29088659 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1382866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Duprey
- a Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406 , F69622 , Lyon , France.,b Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie , Université de Montréal , 1700, rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval , QC H7N 0B6 , Canada
| | - B Michaud
- b Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie , Université de Montréal , 1700, rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval , QC H7N 0B6 , Canada
| | - M Begon
- b Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie , Université de Montréal , 1700, rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval , QC H7N 0B6 , Canada.,c Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital , 3175 Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montreal , QC H3T 1C5 , Canada
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Couvertier M, Begon M, Germaneau A, Lacouture P, Monnet T. Comparison of rotation tensor extracted from affine approximation and least square optimization. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:49-50. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1382855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Couvertier
- Institut PPRIME, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA, France
| | - M. Begon
- Department of kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - A. Germaneau
- Institut PPRIME, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA, France
| | - P. Lacouture
- Institut PPRIME, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA, France
| | - T. Monnet
- Institut PPRIME, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA, France
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37
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Blache Y, Dumas R, Lundberg A, Begon M. Main component of soft tissue artifact of the upper-limbs with respect to different functional, daily life and sports movements. J Biomech 2017; 62:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Arriero E, Wanelik KM, Birtles RJ, Bradley JE, Jackson JA, Paterson S, Begon M. From the animal house to the field: Are there consistent individual differences in immunological profile in wild populations of field voles (Microtus agrestis)? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183450. [PMID: 28817724 PMCID: PMC5560671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbred mouse strains, living in simple laboratory environments far removed from nature, have been shown to vary consistently in their immune response. However, wildlife populations are typically outbreeding and face a multiplicity of challenges, parasitological and otherwise. In this study we seek evidence of consistent difference in immunological profile amongst individuals in the wild. We apply a novel method in this context, using longitudinal (repeated capture) data from natural populations of field voles, Microtus agrestis, on a range of life history and infection metrics, and on gene expression levels. We focus on three immune genes, IFN-γ, Gata3, and IL-10, representing respectively the Th1, Th2 and regulatory elements of the immune response. Our results show that there was clear evidence of consistent differences between individuals in their typical level of expression of at least one immune gene, and at most all three immune genes, after other measured sources of variation had been taken into account. Furthermore, individuals that responded to changing circumstances by increasing expression levels of Gata3 had a correlated increase in expression levels of IFN-γ. Our work stresses the importance of acknowledging immunological variation amongst individuals in studies of parasitological and infectious disease risk in wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arriero
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Klara M Wanelik
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Birtles
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Janette E Bradley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Jackson
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Urban slums provide conditions that increase the risk of exposure to vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens. Large interventions, such as social and sanitary changes, are a priority but their implementation is challenging. Integration between the multidisciplinary understanding of pathogens' dynamics and community participatory approaches is a key prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Costa
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador BA, 40296-710, Brazil; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador BA, 40110-040, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT06511, USA.
| | - Ticiana Carvalho-Pereira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador BA, 40296-710, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, UFBA, Salvador BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lee Riley
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA
| | - James Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT06511, USA
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40
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Hacker KP, Minter A, Begon M, Diggle PJ, Serrano S, Reis MG, Childs JE, Ko AI, Costa F. A Comparative Assessment of Track Plates to Quantify Fine Scale Variations in the Relative Abundance of Norway Rats in Urban Slums. Urban Ecosyst 2016; 19:561-575. [PMID: 27453682 PMCID: PMC4955619 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-015-0519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) living in urban environments are a critical public health and economic problem, particularly in urban slums where residents are at a higher risk for rat borne diseases, yet convenient methods to quantitatively assess population sizes are lacking. We evaluated track plates as a method to determine rat distribution and relative abundance in a complex urban slum environment by correlating the presence and intensity of rat-specific marks on track plates with findings from rat infestation surveys and trapping of rats to population exhaustion. To integrate the zero-inflated track plate data we developed a two-component mixture model with one binary and one censored continuous component. Track plate mark-intensity was highly correlated with signs of rodent infestation (all coefficients between 0.61 and 0.79 and all p-values < 0.05). Moreover, the mean level of pre-trapping rat-mark intensity on plates was significantly associated with the number of rats captured subsequently (Odds ratio1.38; 95% CI 1.19-1.61) and declined significantly following trapping (Odds ratio 0.86; 95% CI 0.78-0.95). Track plates provided robust proxy measurements of rat abundance and distribution and detected rat presence even when populations appeared 'trapped out'. Tracking plates are relatively easy and inexpensive methods that can be used to intensively sample settings such as urban slums, where traditional trapping or mark-recapture studies are impossible to implement, and therefore the results can inform and assess the impact of targeted urban rodent control campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P. Hacker
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, United States of America, CT 06511
| | - Amanda Minter
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 7ZB
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 7ZB
| | - Peter J. Diggle
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, United States of America, CT 06511
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 7ZB
| | - Soledad Serrano
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brasil, 40.110-040 (SS)
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brasil, 40296-710
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brasil, 40.110-040
| | - James E. Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, United States of America, CT 06511
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, United States of America, CT 06511
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brasil, 40296-710
| | - Federico Costa
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, United States of America, CT 06511
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, L69 7ZB
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brasil, 40296-710
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brasil, 40.110-040
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Springer YP, Hoekman D, Johnson PTJ, Duffy PA, Hufft RA, Barnett DT, Allan BF, Amman BR, Barker CM, Barrera R, Beard CB, Beati L, Begon M, Blackmore MS, Bradshaw WE, Brisson D, Calisher CH, Childs JE, Diuk‐Wasser M, Douglass RJ, Eisen RJ, Foley DH, Foley JE, Gaff HD, Gardner SL, Ginsberg HS, Glass GE, Hamer SA, Hayden MH, Hjelle B, Holzapfel CM, Juliano SA, Kramer LD, Kuenzi AJ, LaDeau SL, Livdahl TP, Mills JN, Moore CG, Morand S, Nasci RS, Ogden NH, Ostfeld RS, Parmenter RR, Piesman J, Reisen WK, Savage HM, Sonenshine DE, Swei A, Yabsley MJ. Tick‐, mosquito‐, and rodent‐borne parasite sampling designs for the National Ecological Observatory Network. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Panti-May JA, Carvalho-Pereira TSA, Serrano S, Pedra GG, Taylor J, Pertile AC, Minter A, Airam V, Carvalho M, Júnior NN, Rodrigues G, Reis MG, Ko AI, Childs JE, Begon M, Costa F. A Two-Year Ecological Study of Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in a Brazilian Urban Slum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152511. [PMID: 27015422 PMCID: PMC4807843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Norway or brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) is among the most ubiquitous of rodents. However, the lack of studies describing Norway rat populations from tropical areas have limited our understanding regarding their demography and seasonal dynamics. In this study, we describe seasonal pattern in the abundance, reproductive parameters, and morphometrics of Norway rat populations in Salvador, Brazil. Rodents were trapped over four seasonal trapping periods (2013-2014) from three valleys. A total of 802 Norway rats were trapped over the course of the study over 7653 trap-nights. Norway rat abundance was high, but there was no significant differences between seasons. The reproductive parameters (e.g. frequency of pregnant and lactating females) did not show statistical differences between seasons. Female rats collected in the rainy season were heavier and older than females from the dry season. Salvador rats had a high incidence of pregnancy and birth rate (estimated birth rate of 79 young per year) compared to previous studies. The information generated is critical for the understanding of the ecology of Norway rat, the main reservoir of Leptospira in Salvador. However, future studies examining the effect of rodent control programs aimed at reducing populations, and determining rates of recovery, will further clarify our understanding of population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Panti-May
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Soledad Serrano
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G. Pedra
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Josh Taylor
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Arsinoê C. Pertile
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Amanda Minter
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Airam
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mayara Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Nivison N. Júnior
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gorete Rodrigues
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - James E. Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Costa
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Michaud B, Jackson M, Arndt A, Lundberg A, Begon M. Determining in vivo sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joint centre locations from skin markers, CT-scans and intracortical pins: A comparison study. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Williams NJ, Sherlock C, Jones TR, Clough HE, Telfer SE, Begon M, French N, Hart CA, Bennett M. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in sympatric wild rodents varies by season and host. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 110:962-70. [PMID: 21255210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the prevalence and temporal patterns of antimicrobial resistance in wild rodents with no apparent exposure to antimicrobials. METHODS AND RESULTS Two sympatric populations of bank voles and wood mice were trapped and individually monitored over a 2- year period for faecal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. High prevalences of ampicillin-, chloramphenicol-, tetracycline- and trimethoprim-resistant E. coli were observed. A markedly higher prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli was found in wood mice than in bank voles, with the prevalence in both increasing over time. Superimposed on this trend was a seasonal cycle with a peak prevalence of resistant E. coli in mice in early- to mid-summer and in voles in late summer and early autumn. CONCLUSIONS These sympatric rodent species had no obvious contact with antimicrobials, and the difference in resistance profiles between rodent species and seasons suggests that factors present in their environment are unlikely to be drivers of such resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings suggest that rodents may represent a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, transmissible to livestock and man. Furthermore, such findings have implications for human and veterinary medicine regarding antimicrobial usage and subsequent selection of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Williams
- National Centre for Zoonosis Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand School of Host Immunity and Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Levick B, Laudisoit A, Wilschut L, Addink E, Ageyev V, Yeszhanov A, Sapozhnikov V, Belayev A, Davydova T, Eagle S, Begon M. The Perfect Burrow, but for What? Identifying Local Habitat Conditions Promoting the Presence of the Host and Vector Species in the Kazakh Plague System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136962. [PMID: 26325073 PMCID: PMC4556633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The wildlife plague system in the Pre-Balkhash desert of Kazakhstan has been a subject of study for many years. Much progress has been made in generating a method of predicting outbreaks of the disease (infection by the gram negative bacterium Yersinia pestis) but existing methods are not yet accurate enough to inform public health planning. The present study aimed to identify characteristics of individual mammalian host (Rhombomys opimus) burrows related to and potentially predictive of the presence of R.opimus and the dominant flea vectors (Xenopsylla spp.). METHODS Over four seasons, burrow characteristics, their current occupancy status, and flea and tick burden of the occupants were recorded in the field. A second data set was generated of long term occupancy trends by recording the occupancy status of specific burrows over multiple occasions. Generalised linear mixed models were constructed to identify potential burrow properties predictive of either occupancy or flea burden. RESULTS At the burrow level, it was identified that a burrow being occupied by Rhombomys, and remaining occupied, were both related to the characteristics of the sediment in which the burrow was constructed. The flea burden of Rhombomys in a burrow was found to be related to the tick burden. Further larger scale properties were also identified as being related to both Rhombomys and flea presence, including latitudinal position and the season. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, in advancing our current predictions of plague in Kazakhstan, we must consider the landscape at this local level to increase our accuracy in predicting the dynamics of gerbil and flea populations. Furthermore this demonstrates that in other zoonotic systems, it may be useful to consider the distribution and location of suitable habitat for both host and vector species at this fine scale to accurately predict future epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Levick
- Ecology, Evolution and Genomics of Infectious Disease Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Laudisoit
- Ecology, Evolution and Genomics of Infectious Disease Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Liesbeth Wilschut
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Addink
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Ageyev
- M.Akimbayev’s Kazakh Science Centre for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidyn Yeszhanov
- M.Akimbayev’s Kazakh Science Centre for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Valerij Sapozhnikov
- M.Akimbayev’s Kazakh Science Centre for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Belayev
- M.Akimbayev’s Kazakh Science Centre for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Taldykorgan anti-plague station, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan
| | - Tania Davydova
- Taldykorgan anti-plague station, Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan
| | - Sally Eagle
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Begon
- Ecology, Evolution and Genomics of Infectious Disease Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Naaim A, Moissenet F, Dumas R, Begon M, Chèze L. Comparison and validation of five scapulothoracic models for correcting soft tissue artefact through multibody optimisation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 18 Suppl 1:2014-5. [PMID: 26246003 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1069561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Naaim
- a CNRFR - Rehazenter, Laboratoire d'Analyse du Mouvement et de la Posture , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.,b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France.,d IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406 , LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs , Bron , France
| | - F Moissenet
- a CNRFR - Rehazenter, Laboratoire d'Analyse du Mouvement et de la Posture , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - R Dumas
- b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France.,d IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406 , LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs , Bron , France
| | - M Begon
- e Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Canada
| | - L Chèze
- b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France.,d IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406 , LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs , Bron , France
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Thouzé A, Monnet T, Bélaise C, Lacouture P, Begon M. A chain kinematic model to assess the movement of lower-limb including wobbling masses. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1053472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Datasets from which wildlife contact networks of epidemiological importance can be inferred are becoming increasingly common. A largely unexplored facet of these data is finding evidence of spatial constraints on who has contact with whom, despite theoretical epidemiologists having long realized spatial constraints can play a critical role in infectious disease dynamics. A graph dissimilarity measure is proposed to quantify how close an observed contact network is to being purely spatial whereby its edges are completely determined by the spatial arrangement of its nodes. Statistical techniques are also used to fit a series of mechanistic models for contact rates between individuals to the binary edge data representing presence or absence of observed contact. These are the basis for a second measure that quantifies the extent to which contacts are being mediated by distance. We apply these methods to a set of 128 contact networks of field voles (Microtus agrestis) inferred from mark–recapture data collected over 7 years and from four sites. Large fluctuations in vole abundance allow us to demonstrate that the networks become increasingly similar to spatial proximity graphs as vole density increases. The average number of contacts, , was (i) positively correlated with vole density across the range of observed densities and (ii) for two of the four sites a saturating function of density. The implications for pathogen persistence in wildlife may be that persistence is relatively unaffected by fluctuations in host density because at low density is low but hosts move more freely, and at high density is high but transmission is hampered by local build-up of infected or recovered animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Davis
- School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Babak Abbasi
- School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Shrupa Shah
- School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Sandra Telfer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Mike Begon
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Wilschut LI, Laudisoit A, Hughes NK, Addink EA, de Jong SM, Heesterbeek HAP, Reijniers J, Eagle S, Dubyanskiy VM, Begon M. Spatial distribution patterns of plague hosts: point pattern analysis of the burrows of great gerbils in Kazakhstan. J Biogeogr 2015; 42:1281-1292. [PMID: 26877580 PMCID: PMC4737218 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The spatial structure of a population can strongly influence the dynamics of infectious diseases, yet rarely is the underlying structure quantified. A case in point is plague, an infectious zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Plague dynamics within the Central Asian desert plague focus have been extensively modelled in recent years, but always with strong uniformity assumptions about the distribution of its primary reservoir host, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus). Yet, while clustering of this species' burrows due to social or ecological processes could have potentially significant effects on model outcomes, there is currently nothing known about the spatial distribution of inhabited burrows. Here, we address this knowledge gap by describing key aspects of the spatial patterns of great gerbil burrows in Kazakhstan. LOCATION Kazakhstan. METHODS Burrows were classified as either occupied or empty in 98 squares of four different sizes: 200 m (side length), 250 m, 500 m and 590-1020 m. We used Ripley's K statistic to determine whether and at what scale there was clustering of occupied burrows, and semi-variograms to quantify spatial patterns in occupied burrows at scales of 250 m to 9 km. RESULTS Significant spatial clustering of occupied burrows occurred in 25% and 75% of squares of 500 m and 590-1020 m, respectively, but not in smaller squares. In clustered squares, the clustering criterion peaked around 250 m. Semi-variograms showed that burrow density was auto-correlated up to a distance of 7 km and occupied density up to 2.5 km. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that there is statistically significant spatial clustering of occupied burrows and that the uniformity assumptions of previous plague models should be reconsidered to assess its significance for plague transmission. This field evidence will allow for more realistic approaches to disease ecology models for both this system and for other structured host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth I Wilschut
- Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Anne Laudisoit
- Ecology Evolution and Genomics of Infectious Disease Research Group Institute of Integrative Biology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Nelika K Hughes
- Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Elisabeth A Addink
- Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Steven M de Jong
- Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Jonas Reijniers
- Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Sally Eagle
- Ecology Evolution and Genomics of Infectious Disease Research Group Institute of Integrative Biology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | - Mike Begon
- Ecology Evolution and Genomics of Infectious Disease Research Group Institute of Integrative Biology The University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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Costa F, Wunder EA, De Oliveira D, Bisht V, Rodrigues G, Reis MG, Ko AI, Begon M, Childs JE. Patterns in Leptospira Shedding in Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Brazilian Slum Communities at High Risk of Disease Transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003819. [PMID: 26047009 PMCID: PMC4457861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We address some critical but unknown parameters of individuals and populations of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) that influence leptospiral infection, maintenance and spirochetal loads shed in urine, which contaminates the environment ultimately leading to human infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our study, conducted in Salvador, Brazil, established the average load of leptospires in positive kidneys to be 5.9 x 10(6) per mL (range 3.1-8.2 x10(6)) genome equivalents (GEq), similar to the 6.1 x 10(6) per ml (range 2.2-9.4 x10(6)) average obtained from paired urines, with a significant positive correlation (R2=0.78) between the two. Based on bivariate and multivariate modeling, we found with both kidney and urine samples that leptospiral loads increased with the age of rats (based on the index of body length to mass), MAT titer and the presence of wounding/scars, and varied with site of capture. Some associations were modified by sex but trends were apparent. Combining with data on the demographic properties and prevalence of leptospiral carriage in rat populations in Salvador, we estimated that daily leptospiral loads shed in the urine of a population of 82 individuals exceeded 9.1 x 10(10) leptospires. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These factors directly influence the risk of leptospiral acquisition among humans and provide essential epidemiological information linking properties of rat populations with risk of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Costa
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elsio A. Wunder
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daiana De Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vimla Bisht
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gorete Rodrigues
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mike Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Childs
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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