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Jo S, Lee SH, Jo HR, Weon S, Jeon C, Park MK, Kim TH, Cho SH. Eosinophil-derived TGFβ1 controls the new bone formation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Rhinology 2023; 61:338-347. [PMID: 37083114 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by chronic eosinophilic inflammation and new bone formation (NBF). These processes may be associated with each other in the pathogenesis and influence the severity and prognosis of the disease. However, it is still unclear how eosinophilic inflammation is involved in the NBF. METHODOLOGY Sinus bone cells were isolated from ethmoid bone tissues of patients with CRSwNP and controls. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in sinus bone cells was determined using quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. The co-localization of TGFβ1 with eosinophils was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Sinus bone cells were co-cultured with eosinophils (Eol-1 cell line), which were differentiated with butyrate, to measure the osteoblast differentiation activity of sinus bone cells. RESULTS TGFβ1 expression was increased in sinus bone tissues and correlated with CT scores in CRSwNP. TGFβ1 was also increased in the submucosa of CRSwNP and co-localized predominantly with eosinophils compared with neutrophils Differentiated Eol-1 cells-derived TGFβ1 increased ALP expression in sinus bone cells. Treatment with a TGFβ inhibitor attenuated TGFβ1-induced ALP expression and staining in sinus bone cells of CRSwNP, leading to loss of bone formation. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophil-derived TGFβ1 was enriched in the submucosa of CRSwNP, which induced ALP expression in sinus bone cells and NBF. Therefore, eosinophil-derived TGFβ1 may mediate aberrant bone remodeling in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-R Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Weon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Jeon
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T-H Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo HS, Kim JH, Kim SH, Park MK, Seong NW, Kang GH, Kim JS, Kim SH, Kim JC, Moon C. Toxicity of a 90-day repeated oral dose of a collagen peptide derived from skate ( Raja kenojei) skin: a rat model study. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:383-398. [PMID: 37398561 PMCID: PMC10313617 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen peptides are widely employed as therapeutic materials due to their numerous beneficial properties, including for the following uses: antiaging, antioxidant applications, antibacterial applications, wound healing, tissue engineering, medication delivery, and cosmetics. Although collagen peptides are useful in these applications, to our knowledge, few published studies have been undertaken on their repeated-dose toxicity. We evaluated the possible subchronic toxicity of a collagen peptide derived from skate (Raja kenojei) skin (CPSS) in Sprague-Dawley rats by administering repeated oral doses over 90 days. Rats of both sexes were assigned randomly to one of four experimental groups, respectively receiving 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/day of CPSS. At all doses tested, repeated oral CPSS administration had no treatment-related adverse effects in terms of clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, detailed clinical observation, sensory reactivity, functional assessment, urinalysis, ophthalmic examination, gross pathology, hematology, serum biochemistry, hormone analysis, organ weight, and histopathology. Even though there were some alterations in hematologic parameters, serum biochemistry parameters, organ weight, and histopathological findings, these did not follow a dose-response pattern and were within historical limits for control rats. The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the CPSS was 2000 mg/kg/day for both male and female rats in the applied experimental circumstances, and no target organs were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Sik Seo
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Kim
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Park
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Won Seong
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joong-Sun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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3
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Kim JS, Jeong MH, Seo HS, Park MK, Park HJ, Nah SS. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide, GST. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023008-0. [PMID: 37933102 PMCID: PMC10628408 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used in various applications in a wide range of products including food, cosmetics and photocatalyst. General toxicity studies of titanium dioxide, GST (Green Sludge Titanium) have been investigated in several reports, whereas studies concerning mutagenicity and genotoxicity have not been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the potential mutagenicity and genotoxicity of GST by genetic toxicology testing. The bacterial reverse mutation test was conducted by the pre-incubation method in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system (S9 mixture). The chromosome aberration test was performed using cultured Chinese hamster lung cell line in the absence and presence of S9 mixture. The micronucleus test was performed by using specific pathogen-free male ICR mice. Genotoxicity tests were conducted following the test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development with application of Good Laboratory Practice. No statistically significant increases were found in the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosome aberration test, and in vivo micronucleus test when tested for induction of genotoxicity in GST. These results suggest that GST did not induce mutagenicity and genotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Kim
- Healthcare advanced Chemical Research Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Jeong
- Healthcare advanced Chemical Research Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Seo
- Healthcare advanced Chemical Research Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Park
- Healthcare advanced Chemical Research Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Park
- Research Laboratory, Bentech Frontier Co. Ltd., Nam-myeon, Jangseong, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soon Nah
- Division of Environment & Health, Korea Testing & Research Institute, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Bang YK, Park MK, Ju YS, Cho KY. Clinical significance of nutritional risk screening tool for hospitalised children with acute burn injuries: a cross-sectional study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2017; 31:370-378. [PMID: 28948659 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the nutritional risks among children hospitalised with acute burn injuries and their associated clinical outcomes using three nutritional risk screening (NRS) tools: Screening Tool for Risk of Impaired Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGKIDS ), Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) and Screening Tool for the Assessment for Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP). METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to November 2016, in a regional burn centre. Patients were screened by two independent observers, using the three NRS tools. RESULTS A total of 100 children aged 3 months to 16.5 years were included. STRONGKIDS identified 16% of patients as having high risk, with being identified 45% by PYMS and 44% by STAMP. After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariate regression analysis, patients in the high-risk group had significantly longer median (SD) lengths of stay [medium versus high risk: STRONGKIDS , 9.5 (6.6) versus 15.0 (24.2) days; PYMS, 8.5 (4.4) versus 13.0 (16.1) days; STAMP, 9.0 (5.7) versus 11.0 (17.4) days] and greater median (SD) weight loss [medium versus high risk: STRONGKIDS, 0.15 (0.8) versus -0.35 (0.8) kg; STAMP, 0.5 (0.7) versus 0 (0.1) kg] than patients in the medium-risk group (P < 0.05). The strengths of agreement in the nutritional risk classification between the two observers were good (κ for STRONGKIDS = 0.61; PYMS = 0.79; STAMP = 0.75) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The STRONGKIDS , PYMS and STAMP tools could be useful and practical for determining which hospitalised children with acute burn injuries will need additional nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Bang
- Departments of Pediatrics, KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - M K Park
- Departments of Pediatrics, KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - K Y Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park MK, Li W, Paek SY, Li X, Wu S, Li T, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of incident psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis from the Nurses' Health Study II. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:302-306. [PMID: 27628705 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A
| | - W Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - S Y Paek
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A
| | - X Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - S Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - A A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - E Cho
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, U.S.A.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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Lee JY, Park JH, Choi HJ, Won HY, Joo HS, Shin DH, Park MK, Han B, Kim KP, Lee TJ, Croce CM, Kong G. LSD1 demethylates HIF1α to inhibit hydroxylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation in tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene 2017; 36:5512-5521. [PMID: 28534506 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which has been considered as a potential therapeutic target in human cancer, has been known to regulate many biological functions through its non-histone substrates. Although LSD1-induced hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF1α) demethylation has recently been proposed, the effect of LSD1 on the relationship between HIF1α post-translational modifications (PTMs) and HIF1α-induced tumor angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here, we identify a new methylation site of the HIF1α protein antagonized by LSD1 and the interplay between HIF1α protein methylation and other PTMs in regulating tumor angiogenesis. LSD1 demethylates HIF1α at lysine (K) 391, which protects HIF1α against ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. LSD1 also directly suppresses PHD2-induced HIF1α hydroxylation, which has a mutually dependent interplay with Set9-mediated HIF1α methylation. Moreover, the HIF1α acetylation that occurs in a HIF1α methylation-dependent manner is inhibited by the LSD1/NuRD complex. HIF1α stabilized by LSD1 cooperates with CBP and MTA1 to enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tumor angiogenesis. Thus, LSD1 is a key regulator of HIF1α/VEGF-mediated tumor angiogenesis by antagonizing the crosstalk between PTMs involving HIF1α protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Lee
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Park
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-Y Won
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Joo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-H Shin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Park
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - B Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - K P Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - T J Lee
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, OH, USA
| | - C M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, OH, USA
| | - G Kong
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Huseinovic E, Winkvist A, Slimani N, Park MK, Freisling H, Boeing H, Buckland G, Schwingshackl L, Weiderpass E, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Tjønneland A, Affret A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Katzke V, Kühn T, Naska A, Orfanos P, Trichopoulou A, Pala V, Palli D, Ricceri F, Santucci de Magistris M, Tumino R, Engeset D, Enget T, Skeie G, Barricarte A, Bonet CB, Chirlaque MD, Amiano P, Quirós JR, Sánchez MJ, Dias JA, Drake I, Wennberg M, Boer JMA, Ocké MC, Verschuren WMM, Lassale C, Perez-Cornago A, Riboli E, Ward H, Forslund HB. Meal patterns across ten European countries - results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:2769-80. [PMID: 27194183 PMCID: PMC10271196 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995-2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion. SETTING Twenty-seven centres across ten European countries. SUBJECTS Women (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35-74 years (n 36 020). RESULTS Pronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38-43 % for women and 41-45 % for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16-27 % for women and 20-26 % for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south-north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13-20 % (women) and 10-17 % (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24-34 % (women) and 23-35 % (men) in central/northern Europe. CONCLUSIONS We found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Huseinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - N Slimani
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - MK Park
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - H Freisling
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - G Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway – Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Affret
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - MC Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - G Fagherazzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - V Katzke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Naska
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - P Orfanos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - A Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - V Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - D Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - F Ricceri
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - R Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ‘Civic – M.P. Arezzo’ Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - D Engeset
- Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Head Office, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Enget
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - G Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - A Barricarte
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - CB Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - MD Chirlaque
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - JR Quirós
- Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain
| | - MJ Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - JA Dias
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - I Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - JMA Boer
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - MC Ocké
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - WMM Verschuren
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Lassale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Ward
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Bertéus Forslund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cho MK, Park MK, Kang SA, Park SK, Lyu JH, Kim DH, Park HK, Yu HS. TLR2-dependent amelioration of allergic airway inflammation by parasitic nematode type II MIF in mice. Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:180-91. [PMID: 25559209 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, the recombinant type II macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologue (rAs-MIF) secreted from Anisakis simplex suppressed experimental inflammation mouse model through IL-10 production and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T-cell recruitment. Also, TLR2 gene expression was significantly increased following rAs-MIF treatment. To know the relation between TLR2 and amelioration mechanisms of rAs-MIF, we induced allergic airway inflammation by ovalbumin and alum with or without rAs-MIF under TLR2 blocking systems [anti-TLR2-specific antibody (α-mTLR2 Ab) treatment and using TLR2 knockout mice]. As a result, the amelioration effects of rAs-MIF in allergic airway inflammation model (diminished inflammation and Th2 response in the lung, increased IL-10 secretion, CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T-cell recruitment) were diminished under two of the TLR2 blocking model. The expression of TLR2 on the surface of lung epithelial cell was significantly elevated by rAs-MIF treatment or Pam3CSK (TLR2-specific agonist) treatment, but they might have some competition effect on the elevation of TLR2 expression. In addition, the elevation of IL-10 gene expression by rAs-MIF treatment was significantly inhibited by α-mTLR2 Ab or Pam3CSK pretreatment. In conclusion, anti-inflammatory effects of the rAs-MIF on OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation might be closely related to TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Cho
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Korea
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Hong JS, Park MK, Kim MS, Lim JH, Park GJ, Maeng EH, Shin JH, Kim MK, Jeong J, Park JA, Kim JC, Shin HC. Prenatal development toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:159-71. [PMID: 25565834 PMCID: PMC4279776 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential adverse effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles ([ZnO(SM20(+)) NPs] zinc oxide nanoparticles, positively charged, 20 nm) on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure over the period of gestational days 5-19 with Sprague-Dawley rats. ZnO(SM20(+)) NPs were administered to pregnant rats by gavage at 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to a cesarean section on gestational day 20, and all of the fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Toxicity in the dams manifested as significantly decreased body weight after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs; reduced food consumption after administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day NPs; and decreased liver weight and increased adrenal glands weight after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs. However, no treatment-related difference in: number of corpora lutea; number of implantation sites; implantation rate (%); resorption; dead fetuses; litter size; fetal deaths and placental weights; and sex ratio were observed between the groups. On the other hand, significant decreases between treatment groups and controls were seen for fetal weights after administration of 400 mg/kg/day NPs. Morphological examinations of the fetuses demonstrated significant differences in incidences of abnormalities in the group administered 400mg/kg/day. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in the Zn content of fetal tissue between the control and high-dose groups. These results showed that oral doses for the study with 15-days repeated of ZnO(SM20(+)) NPs were maternotoxic in the 200 mg/kg/day group, and embryotoxic in the 400 mg/kg/day group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sup Hong
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea ; College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Park
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Lim
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea
| | - Gil-Jong Park
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Maeng
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jayoung Jeong
- Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jin-A Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hong JS, Park MK, Kim MS, Lim JH, Park GJ, Maeng EH, Shin JH, Kim YR, Kim MK, Lee JK, Park JA, Kim JC, Shin HC. Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on dams and embryo-fetal development in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:145-57. [PMID: 25565833 PMCID: PMC4279755 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential adverse effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnOSM20[−] NPs; negatively charged, 20 nm) on pregnant dams and embryo–fetal development after maternal exposure over the period of gestational days 5–19 with Sprague Dawley rats. ZnOSM20(−) NPs were administered to pregnant rats by gavage at 0 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on gestational day 20, and all the fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Toxicity in the dams manifested as significantly decreased body weight at 400 mg/kg/day and decreased liver weight, and increased adrenal glands weight at 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day. However, no treatment-related difference in the number of corpora lutea, the number of implantation sites, the implantation rate (%), resorption, dead fetuses, litter size, fetal deaths, fetal and placental weights, and sex ratio were observed between the groups. Morphological examinations of the fetuses demonstrated no significant difference in the incidences of abnormalities between the groups. No significant difference was found in the Zn content of fetal tissue between the control and high-dose groups. These results showed that a 15-day repeated oral dose of ZnOSM20(−) was minimally maternotoxic at dose of 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sup Hong
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, Korea ; College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Park
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Lim
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, Korea
| | - Gil-Jong Park
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Maeng
- Health Care Research Laboratory, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Lee
- Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-A Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Kim YR, Lee SY, Lee EJ, Park SH, Seong NW, Seo HS, Shin SS, Kim SJ, Meang EH, Park MK, Kim MS, Kim CS, Kim SK, Son SW, Seo YR, Kang BH, Han BS, An SSA, Lee BJ, Kim MK. Toxicity of colloidal silica nanoparticles administered orally for 90 days in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:67-78. [PMID: 25565827 PMCID: PMC4279771 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the potential toxicity and establish the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and target organ(s) of negatively charged colloidal silica particles of different sizes, ie, SiO2EN20(−) (20 nm) or SiO2EN100(−) 2(100 nm), administered by gavage in Sprague-Dawley rats. After verification of the physicochemical properties of the SiO2 particles to be tested, a preliminary dose range-finding study and 90-day repeated dose study were conducted according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development test guideline. Based on the results of the 14-day dose range-finding study, a high dose was determined to be 2,000 mg/kg, and middle and low doses were set at 1,000 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. In the 90-day toxicity study, there were no animal deaths in relation to administration of SiO2 particles of either size. In addition, no treatment-related clinical changes or histopathological findings were observed in any of the experimental groups. Moreover, no difference in toxic effects from chronic exposure to SiO2EN20(−)(20 nm) or SiO2EN100(−) (100 nm) was observed. The results of this study indicate that the NOAEL for SiO2EN20(−) and SiO2EN100(−) would most likely be 2,000 mg/kg, and no target organ was identified in rats of either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Young Lee
- General Toxicology Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Nak-won Seong
- General Toxicology Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Seo
- General Toxicology Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sup Shin
- General Toxicology Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ju Kim
- General Toxicology Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Meang
- General Toxicology Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Park
- General Toxicology Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- General Toxicology Team, Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Son
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Hyon Kang
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Han
- Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lee WR, Kim HS, Park MK, Lee JH, Kim KH. Synchronized operation by field programmable gate array based signal controller for the Thomson scattering diagnostic system in KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:093505. [PMID: 23020374 DOI: 10.1063/1.4752408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Thomson scattering diagnostic system is successfully installed in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) facility. We got the electron temperature and electron density data for the first time in 2011, 4th campaign using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based signal control board. It operates as a signal generator, a detector, a controller, and a time measuring device. This board produces two configurable trigger pulses to operate Nd:YAG laser system and receives a laser beam detection signal from a photodiode detector. It allows a trigger pulse to be delivered to a time delay module to make a scattered signal measurement, measuring an asynchronous time value between the KSTAR timing board and the laser system injection signal. All functions are controlled by the embedded processor running on operating system within a single FPGA. It provides Ethernet communication interface and is configured with standard middleware to integrate with KSTAR. This controller has operated for two experimental campaigns including commissioning and performed the reconfiguration of logic designs to accommodate varying experimental situation without hardware rebuilding.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Daejeon 305-333, South Korea
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Park MK, Fontana, Babaali H, Gilbert-McClain LI, Stylianou M, Joo J, Moss J, Manganiello VC. Steroid-sparing effects of pentoxifylline in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2009; 26:121-31. [PMID: 20560292 PMCID: PMC2946799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agents that target pro-inflammatory cytokines may be useful in pulmonary sarcoidosis. OBJECTIVE To determine effectiveness of a non-selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, pentoxifylline (POF). DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, SETTING Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health. PATIENTS 27 patients with biopsy-confirmed pulmonary sarcoidosis receiving prednisone. INTERVENTION Placebo or POF (1200-2000 mg/day) for 10 months, as prednisone was tapered. MEASUREMENTS Primary endpoints: sustained improvement in two or more pulmonary function parameters, or a combination of one pulmonary function parameter and dyspnea. RESULTS Except for one patient, primary endpoints were not reached in POF-treated patients. Therefore, a post hoc analysis was performed. The observed relative risk reduction for flares associated with POF treatment was 54.9% (95% CI 0.21, 0.89) and the absolute risk reduction was 50.6% (95% CI 0.22, 0.80). Compared to placebo treatment, in the POF group, the mean prednisone dose was lower at 8 and 10 months (p = 0.007 and 0.01 respectively), and there was a trend towards less prednisone usage over the entire study period (p = 0.053), as determined by cumulative change analysis. CONCLUSIONS Although our exploratory post hoc analysis suggested that POF reduced flares and had steroid-sparing effects, given the study limitations, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the efficacy of POF in pulmonary sarcoidosis. In addition, gastrointestinal side-effects, at the doses used, would seem to limit the use of POF in treating pulmonary sarcoidosis. Overall, however, this trial may provide a basis for using more specific, better-tolerated, PDE inhibitors in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1434, USA
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14
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Choi YM, Jang JY, Jang M, Kim SH, Kang YK, Cho H, Chung S, Park MK. Modulation of firing activity by ATP in dopamine neurons of the rat substantia nigra pars compacta. Neuroscience 2009; 160:587-95. [PMID: 19272429 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ATP acts as a neurotransmitter or co-neurotransmitter in many areas of the CNS and peripheral nervous systems; however, little is known about the expression and functional role of purinoceptors (P2) in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, we investigated P2X receptor expression and regulation of spontaneous firing activity in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in rats using patch-clamp and Ca(2+)-imaging techniques. In most neurons, application of ATP (1 microM-1 mM) increased firing rate dose-dependently (EC(50)=1.26+/-0.26 microM, n=45). When the P2-receptor agonists such as 2-methylthio-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (2-MeSATP) or ATPgammaS were applied or pressure-applied to the neuron, the firing activity increased together with a rise in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]c), but application of beta,gamma-methylene ATP (P2X(1, 3) agonist) or methylthio-adenosine 5'-diphosphate (P2Y(1) agonist) had no effect. In many neurons, the effect of ATP was abolished by the application of the P2-receptor antagonists, suramin or pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS). When ATP was applied in a Ca(2+)-free solution, there was no detectable change in [Ca(2+)]c, suggesting that ATP does not release Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. In the single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we found that 65% of dopaminergic neurons expressed mRNAs for P2X receptors; positive amplifications of P2X(6) (57.1%), P2X(2/6) (25.0%), and P2X(4) mRNA (17.9%), respectively. From the above results, we could conclude that ATP modulates firing activities in the rat SNc dopaminergic neurons, possibly via P2X(2), P2X(2/6), and/or P2X(4) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Choi
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Korea
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15
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Hajdú P, Ikemoto T, Akazome Y, Park MK, Oka Y. Terminal nerve gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones express multiple GnRH receptors in a teleost, the dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia). J Neuroendocrinol 2007; 19:475-9. [PMID: 17504441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) peptide released from the terminal nerve (TN)-GnRH neurones of the dwarf gourami primarily modifies the electrical properties of various neurones, including the TN-GnRH neurones themselves. However, our knowledge on the expression of GnRH receptors (GnRHRs) in the TN-GnRH neurones is still limited. Here, we used the single-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction after whole-cell patch-clamp recording to study the distribution of various GnRHR types expressed in the individual TN-GnRH neurones. We found that TN-GnRH neurones express two of the three types of GnRHRs cloned in the dwarf gourami: GnRHR1-2 and -R2, but not -R1-1. Furthermore, in agreement with our previous findings, all TN-GnRH neurones contained mRNAs of salmon GnRH but not chicken GnRH-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hajdú
- Laboratory of Biological Signalling, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Ahn Y, Kwon E, Shim JE, Park MK, Joo Y, Kimm K, Park C, Kim DH. Validation and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for Korean genome epidemiologic study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61:1435-41. [PMID: 17299477 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate validity and reliability of the food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for the Korean Genome Epidemiologic Study (KoGES). METHODS FFQ was administered twice at 1-year interval (first FFQ (FFQ1) at the beginning and second FFQ (FFQ2) at the end of the study) and diet records (DRs) were collected for 3 days during each of the four seasons from December 2002 to May 2004 for those who attended the health examination center. At the end of the study period, we collected the 12-day DRs of 124 participants. The nutrient intakes from the DRs were compared with both FFQ1 and FFQ2. RESULTS The intakes of energy and some nutrients estimated from FFQ1 and FFQ2 were different from those assessed by the DRs. Especially, the consumption of carbohydrates was higher in FFQ1 and FFQ2 than in the DRs. The de-attenuated, age, sex and energy intake adjusted correlation coefficients between the FFQ2 and the 12-day DRs in Korean population ranged between 0.23 (Vitamin A) and 0.64 (carbohydrate). The median for all nutrients was 0.39. The correlations were similar when we compared nutrient densities of both methods. Joint classification of calorie-adjusted nutrient intakes assessed by FFQ2 and 12-day DRs by quartile ranged from 25.8% (vitamin A) to 39.5% (carbohydrate, iron) for exact concordance. Except vitamin A, the proportion of subjects classified into distant quartile was less than 7% in all nutrients. The median of correlations between the two FFQs 1 year apart were 0.45 for all nutrient intakes and 0.39 for nutrient densities. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the FFQ we have developed appears to be an acceptable tool for assessing the nutrient intakes in this population. Further studies for calibration of the FFQ collected from multicenters participating in the KoGES are needed. SPONSORSHIP This study was supported by the budget of the National Genome Research Institute, Korea National Institute of Health (2002-347-6111-221).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ahn
- Center for Genomic Science, National Institute of Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea
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Min JY, Park MH, Park MK, Park KW, Lee NW, Kim T, Kim HJ, Lee DH. Staurosporin induces neurite outgrowth through ROS generation in HN33 hippocampal cell lines. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 113:1821-6. [PMID: 16715208 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Staurosporin, a specific inhibitor of PKC, is widely used in studies of signal transduction pathways. Previous studies have shown that staurosporin induces neurite outgrowth, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that staurosporin induces neurite outgrowth in HN33 hippocampal cells. Two other PKC inhibitors, Go 6976 (specific for alpha- and beta-isoforms) and rotterlin (a selective inhibitor of PKC delta), have no neuritogenic effect. In addition, staurosporin specifically increases ROS generation. NAC, which inhibits the generation of ROS, suppresses the staurosporin-induced neurite outgrowth in HN33 cells. Further, H(2)O(2) causes neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these results confirm a neuritogenic effect of staurosporin and point to ROS as the signal mediator of staurosporin-induced neurite outgrowth in HN33 hippocampal cells. Theme: Development and regeneration Topic: Neurotrophic factors: receptors and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Medical College, 516 Gojan-1-dong, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Park MK, Kim EH, Cho MR, Yi YH, Lee MJ, Shah DH, Park JH, Park BK, Eo SK, Lee JH, Chae JS. Cloning and expression of 51-kDa antigenic protein of Neorickettsia risticii NR-JA1. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1063:246-51. [PMID: 16481521 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1355.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Neorickettsia (Ehrlichia) risticii is a causative agent of acute diarrheal syndrome in horses, commonly known as Potomac horse fever. Korean isolate of N. risticii NR-JA1 was cultivated in mouse macrophage cell line P388D1. A complete ORF of p51 antigenic protein gene was amplified and cloned into pQE32 and pcDNA3.1 vectors and the resultant clones were named as pQE32/Nr-51 and pcDNA3.1/Nr-51, respectively. Recombinant p51 (rp51) protein antigen was expressed in E. coli (pQE32/Nr-51) and cos-7 cell line (pcDNA3.1/Nr-51). The rp51 protein showed immunoreactivity with anti- mouse p51 antibodies. BALB/c mice were inoculated with recombinant plasmid DNA (pcDNA3.1/Nr-51). The serum samples collected from these BALB/c mice showed IgG ELISA titers of 1:128. In a Western immunoblot assay, these serum samples showed a strong reactivity to rp51 expressed in cos-7 cell line transfected with pcDNA3.1/Nr-51. The results of this preliminary indicate that N. risticii p51 protein is an immmuno-dominant antigen and may be a good target for the development of serological or a molecular diagnostic test and possibly an improved recombinant DNA based vaccine against Potomac horse fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Kyu Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Bae JT, Park JP, Song CH, Yu CB, Park MK, Yun JW. Effect of carbon source on the mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production by submerged culture of Paecilomyces japonica. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 91:522-4. [PMID: 16233033 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.91.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2000] [Accepted: 02/02/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A significant difference was observed in the production pattern of exo-biopolymer and broth rheology during submerged culture of Paecilomyces japonica when two efficient carbon sources (maltose and sucrose) were employed. The maximum concentration of biopolymers in maltose medium (30 g/l) was higher than that in sucrose medium (25 g/l), whereas maximum mycelial concentration displayed an inverse result (i.e., 25 g/l in sucrose medium and 20 g/l in maltose medium). The broth rheology and morphology of P. japonica were also markedly different between the two culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Taegu University, Kyungbuk 712-714, Korea
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20
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Ikemoto T, Park MK. Identification and molecular characterization of three GnRH ligands and five GnRH receptors in the spotted green pufferfish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005; 242:67-79. [PMID: 16122867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is thought to have diverse physiological functions. Understanding regulatory mechanisms of GnRH functions requires detailed knowledge of gene expressions of both GnRH ligands and receptors in a single species. This report concerns identification and molecular characterization of GnRH ligands and receptors in the spotted green pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis. It was identified that the pufferfish possessed three types of GnRH ligands and five types of GnRH receptors. All types of ligands and receptors showed different expression patterns, and were widely expressed both inside and outside the brain. Gonads expressed all the ligand and receptor subtypes. Two of five receptor subtypes could not be detected in the pituitary gland of reproductively active individuals, suggesting the existence of novel GnRH systems independent of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Alternative splicing was also observed for some receptor subtypes. The present results indicate that diversified gene expressions combined with molecular diversity contribute to the functional diversity of GnRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ikemoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Abstract
We previously reported blood pressure (BP) readings obtained by the Dinamap (DIN) (Model 8100) were 10 mmHg higher than those obtained by auscultatory methods and thus were not interchangeable. DIN BP data on 7208 schoolchildren ages 5 to 17 were analyzed to generate normative DIN BP standards and to examine the rational for presenting BP standards according to age and height percentiles. Three BP measurements were taken in the sitting position using a BP cuff width 40% to 50% of the circumference of the arm. Boys' systolic pressures (SP) were significantly (p < 0.05) greater (up to 11 mmHg) than those of the girls in subjects age 13 to 17 years. SP levels were most closely correlated with weight (r = 0.595), followed by height (r = 0.560) and age (r = 0.518). When BP levels were adjusted for age and weight, the correlation coefficient of DIN SP with height was negligible (r = 0.026 for boys; r = 0.085 for girls), whereas when adjusted for age and height, the correlation of SP with weight remained high (r = 0.303 for boys; r = 0.216 for girls), indicating that height is not an important independent predictor of BP levels. In conclusion, Dinamap-specific BP standards presented in this report are the only standards that have been generated according to the current BP guidelines recommended by national committees. We found no rational for presenting BP standards according to age and height percentiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Driscoll Children's Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hiccups are an infrequent result of lateral medullary infarction. Their importance may be underestimated and they can cause distress, exhaustion, and aspiration. Hiccups in lateral medullary infarction remain poorly understood OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between the lesional loci of lateral medullary infarction and hiccups. METHODS 51 patients with lateral medullary infarction were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging within three days of the onset of infarction. Seven of the 51 patients developed hiccup. RESULTS All patients with hiccups had middle level lateral medullary lesions, including two with lower level lesions and four with upper level lesions. In the middle level lateral medullary lesions, dorsolateral lesions were most often involved. All patients with lateral medullary infarction presenting with hiccups also had vertigo, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS The observations suggest that middle level and dorsolateral lesion locations in lateral medullary infarction frequently induce hiccups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Park
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Medical College, 126-1 Anam-dong-5-ga, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
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Ikemoto T, Enomoto M, Park MK. Identification and characterization of a reptilian GnRH receptor from the leopard gecko. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 214:137-47. [PMID: 15062552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/27/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of reproductive functions through interactions with its specific receptor. We describe the first molecular cloning and characterization of a full-length GnRH receptor (GnRHR) from the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius. It has a distinct genomic structure consisting of five exons and four introns, compared with all the other reported GnRHR genes. A native GnRH form, cGnRH-II, stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) production in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with the GnRHR, in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA was expressed in all the tissues and organs examined. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cloned GnRHR belongs to the type 2/nonmammalian I GnRHR. Low-expression levels were observed from the pituitary glands of reproductively active leopard geckos, indicating the possibility that there is at least one more type of GnRHR highly expressed in the pituitary gland for the gonadotropin secretion in this reptile.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ikemoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Abstract
Early neonatal handling of rat pups produces dampened hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to stress in adult male offspring. However, less is known about whether there is a similar effect for females. Although, most studies of neonatal handling have examined subsequent effects during adulthood, adolescence is an important developmental stage for stress responsivity. To address these issues, the effect of neonatal handling on the endocrine stress response and brain activity of male and female rats was determined in response to acute restraint stress during adolescence. Consistent with previous findings in adult males, neonatal handling reduced restraint stress-induced hormone levels in adolescent males. However, in contrast, we found elevated plasma hormone concentrations in handled females. A gender-specific handling effect on brain activity was also evident, with significantly increased stress-induced activation of the posterior cingulate cortex of handled females, as measured by c-fos mRNA expression. The striking gender difference in the effect of early neonatal handling provides evidence that this must be considered as an important variable in subsequent stress responsivity induced by early manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Lee HJ, Choi SS, Park MK, An YJ, Seo SY, Kim MC, Hong SH, Hwang TH, Kang DY, Garber AJ, Kim DK. Fenofibrate lowers abdominal and skeletal adiposity and improves insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 296:293-9. [PMID: 12163016 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activators on the liver is well established, but the other effects on muscle and adipose tissue about lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity are not clear. We investigated whether PPAR-alpha activation affects adiposity of skeletal muscle as well as adipose tissue and improves insulin sensitivity in spontaneous type 2 diabetes model, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Thirty-three weeks of aged, 20 male OLETF rats were divided into two groups. Control group (n=10) was fed with chow and treatment group (n=10) with chow contained fenofibrate for 7 weeks. At the age of 40 weeks, all rats were examined with MRI, intravenous glucose tolerance test, and then sacrificed for measurement of fat mass and RNA analyses. The total fat (the sum of subcutaneous, mesenteric, epididymal, and retroperitoneal fat pads) measured by dissection was significantly reduced in treatment group. The signal intensity of muscular adiposity was significantly decreased in treatment group. The mRNA levels of FAT/CD36 and mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (M-CPT I) in liver were remarkably increased. Fasting plasma insulin and leptin levels, insulin response after intravenous glucose loading and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)) index were lowered in treatment group. Fenofibrate increase mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation in liver but not in skeletal muscle and lower the plasma levels of triglyceride and free fatty acid. It might result in reduction of adiposity of truncal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. We suggest that reduction of adiposity in trunk and skeletal muscle might improve insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Leslie FM, Gallardo KA, Park MK. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated release of [3H]norepinephrine from developing and adult rat hippocampus: direct and indirect mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2002; 42:653-61. [PMID: 11985823 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The primary role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in adult and developing brain is to modulate neurotransmission. Using in vitro neurotransmitter release, we have examined mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced [(3)H]norepinephrine release from developing and adult rat hippocampus. At birth, nicotine significantly stimulated hippocampal [(3)H]norepinephrine release with a monotonic increase in maximal drug effect over the first ten postnatal days. No developmental changes in agonist or antagonist potency were observed. Comparison of synaptosomal and slice preparations, as well as examination of the effects of tetrodotoxin, indicated that at least two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor populations regulated [(3)H]norepinephrine release from neonatal and adult hippocampus; one localized on noradrenergic terminals, the other on adjacent cells. To further characterize the indirect mechanism of nicotine action in the adult, we examined the effects of pharmacological blockade of various neurotransmitter systems that provide excitatory input to hippocampal noradrenergic terminals. Whereas glutamate and muscarinic receptor blockade was ineffective, the GABA-A receptor antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin, inhibited the indirect component of nicotine-mediated [(3)H]norepinephrine release. Furthermore, pentobarbital, an allosteric effector at GABA-A receptors, potentiated the effect of submaximal concentrations of nicotine. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that nicotine-induced GABA release serves as an additional stimulus for [(3)H]norepinephrine secretion within rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Leslie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
In this study, cell proliferation was examined at low and high cell densities, using HHUA and Jurkat cell lines as experimental models for the antiproliferative and proliferation-enhancing effects of GnRH agonist, Buserelin, respectively. For efficient evaluation of Buserelin activity at low cell density, the colony-forming efficiency assay was adopted. Buserelin markedly affected colony-forming efficiency in a dose-dependent manner at low cell density; however, Buserelin had no effect at high cell density. The conditioned medium of HHUA cells inhibited the Buserelin action, whereas that of Jurkat cells mimicked it. These results suggest that each cell line secretes some substances which regulate cell proliferation, and that these substances can also change the effects of Buserelin. The measurement of colony-forming efficiency is a very effective way of eliminating autocrine and/or paracrine effects, and is a highly sensitive method for measuring GnRH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Enomoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Park MK, Choi KS, Kim MC, Chae JS. Differential diagnosis of Salmonella gallinarum and S. pullorum using PCR-RELP. J Vet Sci 2001; 2:213-9. [PMID: 12441691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis in poultry of Korea is a significant health problem, which causes substantial economic losses. The most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis ar S. gallinarum and S. pullorum. Traditional methods used to detect Salmoenella spp. In chicken are tedious, time consuming and confer little guarantee of sensitivity and species specificity. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for the differentiation of Salmonella serogroup D was assessed. We first amplified the rfbS genes by PCR and characterized the amplified product by nucleotide sequence analysis. The homology of nucleotide sequence was 99.7% between S. gallinarum and S. pullorum rfbS genes. Further comparisons of the sequences of S. gallinarum, S. gallinarum fied strain, S. pullorum and S. typhi(GenBank Accession No.M29682) showed a homology of 98.3%. The predicted amino acid sequence homology was 97.1%, 97.1% and 97.5%, respectively. Based on this comparison of these nucleotide sequences, we found unique restriction enzyme sites within the rfbS genes of S. gallinarum and S. pullorum. Thus, the PCR products could be further digested with restriction enzymes TfiI and PleI for use in a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) technique. This method can be applied in the differential diagnosis between S. gallinarum and S. pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea
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Park MK, Hoffmann KF, Cheever AW, Amichay D, Wynn TA, Farber JM. Patterns of chemokine expression in models of Schistosoma mansoni inflammation and infection reveal relationships between type 1 and type 2 responses and chemokines in vivo. Infect Immun 2001; 69:6755-68. [PMID: 11598048 PMCID: PMC100053 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.11.6755-6768.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the roles of chemokines in type 1 and type 2 responses in vivo, we examined mRNA expression for a panel of up to 17 chemokines in experimental mouse models using Schistosoma mansoni. These studies revealed that Mig (monokine induced by gamma interferon), cytokine-responsive gene 2/10-kDa interferon-inducible protein, RANTES, lymphotactin, macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP-1beta), JE/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and MIP-2 are associated with type 1 egg-induced responses and that thymus-derived chemotactic agent 3 (TCA3), eotaxin, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1gamma are associated with type 2 egg-induced responses. After cercarial infection, both type 1-associated and type 2-associated chemokines were elevated in the livers of infected mice presensitized with eggs and recombinant interleukin-12 (rIL-12), a regimen that diminishes pathology. Neutralization of IL-12 or gamma interferon during egg deposition reversed the effects of prior treatment with rIL-12, leading to a return to larger granulomas; persistently elevated expression of TCA3, eotaxin, and MIP-1alpha; and a marked reduction in the expression of type 1-associated chemokines despite the maintenance of a dominant type 1 cytokine response in the draining lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that there are patterns of coordinate chemokine expression characteristic of type 1 and type 2 responses in vivo; that the cells recruited by a given pattern of chemokines may differ, depending on the composition of peripheral populations; and that patterns of tissue expression of chemokines may determine the character of an inflammatory response independently of the dominant pattern of differentiation of antigen-specific T cells. Our data reveal new relationships between chemokines and polarized immune responses and suggest that end organ inflammation might be altered by chemokine blockade without necessitating reversal of the phenotype of the majority of differentiated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Park MK, Lomax RB, Tepikin AV, Petersen OH. Local uncaging of caged Ca(2+) reveals distribution of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels in pancreatic acinar cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:10948-53. [PMID: 11535807 PMCID: PMC58579 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.181353798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In exocrine acinar cells, Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels in the apical membrane are essential for fluid secretion, but it is unclear whether such channels are important for Cl(-) uptake at the base. Whole-cell current recording, combined with local uncaging of caged Ca(2+), was used to reveal the Cl(-) channel distribution in mouse pancreatic acinar cells, where approximately 90% of the current activated by Ca(2+) in response to acetylcholine was carried by Cl(-). When caged Ca(2+) in the cytosol was uncaged locally in the apical pole, the Cl(-) current was activated, whereas local Ca(2+) uncaging in the basal or lateral areas of the cell had no effect. Even when Ca(2+) was uncaged along the whole inner surface of the basolateral membrane, no Cl(-) current was elicited. There was little current deactivation at a high cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)), but at a low [Ca(2+)](c) there was clear voltage-dependent deactivation, which increased with hyperpolarization. Functional Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels are expressed exclusively in the apical membrane and channel opening is strictly regulated by [Ca(2+)](c) and membrane potential. Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels do not mediate Cl(-) uptake at the base, but acetylcholine-elicited local [Ca(2+)](c) spiking in the apical pole can regulate fluid secretion by controlling the opening of these channels in the apical membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Medical Research Council Secretory Control Research Group, Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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Fan G, Mar W, Park MK, Choi EW, Kim K, Kim S. A novel class of inhibitors for steroid 5alpha-reductase: synthesis and evaluation of umbelliferone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2361-3. [PMID: 11527731 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of umbelliferone derivatives was prepared and their 5alpha-reductase type 1 inhibitory activities were evaluated in cell culture systems. Our studies have identified a new series of potent 5alpha-reductase type 1 inhibitors and provided the basis for further development for the treatment of human endocrine disorders associated with overproduction of DHT by 5alpha-reductase type 1. The preliminary structure-activity relationship was described to elucidate the essential structural requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fan
- Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 Yungun, Jongro, Seoul 110-460, South Korea
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33
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Montaner AD, Mongiat L, Lux-Lantos VA, Park MK, Fischer WH, Craig AG, Rivier JE, Lescheid D, Lovejoy D, Libertun C, Sherwood NM, Somoza GM. Structure and biological activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone isoforms isolated from rat and hamster brains. Neuroendocrinology 2001; 74:202-12. [PMID: 11528222 DOI: 10.1159/000054687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rat and hamster brain tissues were used to investigate the possible existence of a follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-releasing factor with similar characteristics to the lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone III (lGnRH-III) form proposed in previous reports. The present studies involved isolation and purification of the molecule by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), identification by radioimmunoassay, sequence analysis by automated Edman degradation, mass spectrometry and examination of biological activity. Hypothalamic extracts from both species contained an HPLC fraction that was immunoreactive to GnRH and coeluted with lGnRH-III and 9-hydroxyproline mGnRH ([Hyp(9)]GnRH). Determination of primary structure from purified total brain material demonstrated that the isolated molecule was [Hyp(9)]GnRH. This is the first report showing the presence of the posttranslationally modified form already known as [Hyp(9)]GnRH by primary sequence analysis. The biological activity of distinct GnRH peptides was also tested in vitro for gonadotropin release using rat pituitary primary cell cultures. The results showed that [Hyp(9)]GnRH stimulated both luteinizing hormone and FSH release, as already reported, whereas lGnRH-III had no action on the secretion of either gonadotropin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Montaner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
An antimetastatic and cytostatic substance, termed AC7-1, was isolated from Ardisia crispa and identified as a benzoquinonoid compound, 2-methoxy-6-tridecyl-1,4-benzoquinone. It was originally characterized as the potent PAF (platelet-activating factor) receptor-binding antagonist with nonspecific antiplatelet effects on platelet aggregation induced by various agonists including PAF, ADP, thrombin and collagen. The nonspecific antiaggregatory properties of AC7-1 drew our interest given its possible relationship in integrin receptor-binding antagonistic activity. The integrin receptor plays an important role in metastasis and thrombosis as the cell surface transmembrane protein. Based on the aforementioned facts, the antimetastatic activities of AC7-1 were examined using various in vitro and in vivo metastasis assays. AC7-1 strongly blocked B16-F10 melanoma cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) and B16-F10 melanoma cell invasion. AC7-1 also remarkably inhibited pulmonary metastasis and tumor growth in vivo. AC7-1 inhibited B16-F10 melanoma cell adhesion to only specific synthetic peptides including RGDS. These findings suggest that antimetastatic activities of AC7-1 can be caused by blocking integrin-mediated adherence. We found AC7-1 to be a potential candidate for the development of a new antimetastatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Abstract
Reversed-phase LC with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is used for the determination of less polar ginsenosides in processed ginseng. These ginsenosides include ginsenosides F4, Rg3, Rg5, Rg6, Rk1, Rk3, Rs3, Rs4, and Rs5. The method used a C18-bonded silica column with a CH3CN/H2O/CH3COOH gradient elution. (20R) and (20S) epimers and geometric isomers at the C-20 position of ginsenosides, which are not generally separated by amino columns, were now clearly separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, South Korea
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Kim J, Oh SN, Cho HM, Park MK, Kim KR, Elkins JW. Background monitoring and long-range transport of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 at Kosan, Korea. Environ Monit Assess 2001; 70:47-56. [PMID: 11516020 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010640004389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The background concentrations of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 were monitored to assess their impact on stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming from September 1995 to March 1999 at Kosan, Korea, located at eastern margin of the Asian Continent. The concentrations of atmospheric CFC-11 at Kosan have decreased slightly, at a rate of -2.5 pptv yr(-1), over the period in response to the Montreal Protocol. The CFC-12 mixing ratio at Kosan continues to increase in the atmosphere at a rate of 5.7 pptv yr(-1) despite international regulations, because of its extreme atmosphere persistence. Recent trends of these two chlorofluorocarbons at Kosan, Korea were concordant with those of the northern hemispheric background monitored unit at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The maximum seasonal mean mixing ratios of CFC-11 and CFC-12 at Kosan, Korea, were 270 +/- 4 pptv in the spring and 538 +/- 9 pptv in the winter, and the corresponding seasonal minima were 267 +/- 7 and 529 +/- 12 pptv. This occurred in the summer and was due to southeasterly winds from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. By performing a three-day isentropic backward trajectory analysis, it was shown that air masses at Kosan, and with the exception of summer, mainly originated from central and northern China. In particular, the mixing ratios of these two contaminant species are closely related with their air mass trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Applied Meteorology Research Laboratory, Meterological Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.
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Kogo H, Fujimoto T, Park MK, Mori T. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovaries of neonatal and adult rats. Cells Tissues Organs 2001; 164:14-22. [PMID: 10940669 DOI: 10.1159/000016638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) can exert various effects on the rat ovary by acting through its specific receptors. To determine the cell types responsive to the action of GnRH under physiological conditions in the ovary, distribution of the GnRH receptor mRNA was studied histologically by in situ hybridization in neonatal and adult rats. Expression of the luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA was also examined to judge the growing state of follicles and the corpora lutea. In neonatal rat ovaries, no significant GnRH receptor mRNA signal was detected until 5 days after birth. The expression was first observed at 10 days in the interstitial cells. At 15 days of age, the receptor mRNA was expressed in the granulosa cells of most preantral and early antral follicles, while no hybridization signal was detected in oocyte and theca cells. In adult cycling rats, GnRH receptor mRNA was detected mainly in the granulosa cells of most follicles and luteal cells. The granulosa cells of atretic follicles showed a very high level of the mRNA expression throughout their degenerating process. A strong hybridization signal was also detected in the mural granulosa cells of mature follicles. Newly formed (developing) corpora lutea exhibited signals with moderate intensity in the luteal cells, and the older ones showed weaker signals. The finding that the initial expression of GnRH receptor mRNA was seen in the interstitial cells of neonatal ovaries implies an unknown function of the ovarian GnRH receptor in ovarian development. The high level expression of GnRH receptor mRNA in atretic and mature follicles supports the putative roles of GnRH in the induction of follicular atresia and ovulation in rat ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
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Petrie J, Sapp DW, Tyndale RF, Park MK, Fanselow M, Olsen RW. Altered gabaa receptor subunit and splice variant expression in rats treated with chronic intermittent ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25:819-28. [PMID: 11410716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent chronic administration of ethanol to rats has been shown previously to produce a hyperexcitable, kindling-like state, accompanied by reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus and changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. Further information is needed on the detailed changes in GABAA receptors and their time course and persistence, as is comparison to changes after chronic, continuous ethanol. METHODS GABAA receptors were analyzed in the rat brain after chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) by using radioligand binding, photoaffinity labeling of polypeptides, and estimates of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of receptor subunits by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. RESULTS CIE rats were confirmed to have increased GABAA receptor binding of the benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist and ethanol antidote ligand Ro15-4513, due to increased expression of the alpha6 subunit polypeptide in the cerebellum, shown by photoaffinity labeling. Estimates of mRNA levels by use of RT-PCR did not reveal any significant increase in alpha6 or in several other receptor subunits in several brain regions, but a decrease in the ratio of the long and short splice variants (L/S) of the gamma2 subunit was detected in the hippocampus, especially the CA1 region. CONCLUSIONS Changes in GABAA receptors were found in rats given CIE. Increased alpha6 subunit in the cerebellum was demonstrated by using both the binding to diazepam-insensitive sites for [3H]Ro15-4513 and increased levels of the 57-kDa alpha6 polypeptide after photoaffinity labeling with this ligand. This increase appeared after 30 doses of ethanol and decayed to normal 1 week after ethanol was discontinued. The transient change in cerebellar alpha6 subunit-containing receptors, also reportedly seen after chronic continuous ethanol, is thus unlikely to account for the persistently hyperexcitable, kindled, seizure-susceptible state seen in CIE. However, the significant decrease in gamma2 subunit L/S splice variant ratio in the hippocampus implies changes in GABAA receptor function, possibly involving protein phosphorylation by protein kinase C. Altered receptor trafficking and turnover associated with synaptic plasticity may contribute to the observed reduced inhibition in the hippocampus and other signs of alcohol dependence produced by CIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Petrie
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
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Abstract
The kinetics of the reaction between carbonyl sulfide and aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) were studied over a range in temperature (298-348 K) and amine concentrations (5-20 wt%) using a wetted-sphere absorber. The experimental data were interpreted using a zwitterion mechanism. The key physicochemical properties needed to interpret the data are the solubility and diffusivity of COS in the aqueous amine solution. These properties were estimated using the N2O analogy method. Experimental values of N2O solubility were correlated using an extended scaled-particle model, and the measured N2O diffusion coefficients were correlated using a modified Stokes-Einstein equation. Solution densities and viscosities were also measured and correlated in this work. On the basis of the zwitterion mechanism whose rate-limiting step was the deprotonation of a zwitterion, the Arrhenius relationship between the third-order rate constant and the temperature was well correlated with an absolute mean deviation of 0.3%. It could be thus concluded that the overall reaction rate was first-order in the COS concentration and second-order in the MEA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Miryong Dong, Kunsan, Chonbuk 573-701, South Korea.
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41
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Abstract
Assays measuring opsonophagocytic killing capacity of immune sera are good surrogate assays for assessing pneumococcal vaccine responses, but they are tedious to perform primarily because the enumeration of surviving bacteria requires the counting of individual bacterial colonies. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a simple and rapid chromogenic assay for estimating the number of surviving bacteria. In this method, the conventional opsonophagocytic killing assays were performed in microtiter wells with differentiated HL-60 cells as phagocytes. At the end of the assay the reaction mixture was cultured for an additional 4.5 h to increase the number of bacteria. After the short culture, XTT (3,3'-[1[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis[4-methoxy-6-nitro] benzene sulfonic acid hydrate) and coenzyme Q were added to the wells and the optical density at 450 nm was measured. Our study shows that changes in the optical density were proportional to the number of CFU of live bacteria in the wells. Also, the number of bacteria at the end of the 4.5-h culture was found to be proportional to the original number of bacteria in the wells. When the performance of the chromogenic assay was evaluated by measuring the opsonizing titers of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6B and 19F, the sensitivity and precision of the new method were similar to those of the conventional opsonization assay employing the colony counting method. Furthermore, the results of this chromogenic assay obtained with 33 human sera correlate well with those obtained with the conventional colony counting method (R > 0.90) for the two serotypes (6B and 19F). Thus, this simple chromogenic assay would be useful in rapidly measuring the capacities of antisera to opsonize pneumococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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42
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Abstract
The Ca2+ store and sink in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is important for Ca2+ signal integration and for conveyance of information in spatial and temporal domains. Textbooks regard the ER as one continuous network, but biochemical and biophysical studies revealed apparently discrete ER Ca2+ stores. Recent direct studies of ER lumenal Ca2+ movements show that this organelle system is one continuous Ca2+ store, which can function as a Ca2+ tunnel. The concept of a fully connected ER network is entirely compatible with evidence indicating that the distribution of Ca2+ -release channels in the ER membrane is discontinuous with clustering in certain localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O H Petersen
- The MRC Secretory Control Research Group, The Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, L69 3BX.
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43
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Montaner AD, Park MK, Fischer WH, Craig AG, Chang JP, Somoza GM, Rivier JE, Sherwood NM. Primary structure of a novel gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain of a teleost, Pejerrey. Endocrinology 2001; 142:1453-60. [PMID: 11250925 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.4.8077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide GnRH is the major regulator of reproduction in vertebrates acting as a first signal from the hypothalamus to pituitary gonadotropes. Three GnRH molecular variants were detected in the brain of a fish, pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), using chromatographic and immunological methods. The present study shows that one form is identical to chicken GnRH-II (sequence analysis and mass spectrometry) and the second one is immunologically and chromatographically similar to salmon GnRH. The third form was proven to be a novel form of GnRH by isolating the peptide from the brain and determining its primary structure by chemical sequencing and mass spectrometry. The sequence of the novel pejerrey GnRH is pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Ser-Pro-Gly-NH(2), which is different from the known forms of the vertebrate and protochordate GnRH family. The new form of GnRH is biologically active in releasing gonadotropin and GH from pituitary cells in an in vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Montaner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Saladillo 2452 (C1440FFX), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bayliss EA, Park MK, Westfall JM, Zamorkski MA. Clinical inquiries. How can I improve patient adherence to prescribed medication? J Fam Pract 2001; 50:303-304. [PMID: 11300979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Bayliss
- University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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45
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Park MK, Menard SW, Schoolfield J. Prevalence of overweight in a triethnic pediatric population of San Antonio, Texas. Int J Obes (Lond) 2001; 25:409-16. [PMID: 11319640 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/1999] [Revised: 09/04/2000] [Accepted: 10/04/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of overweight among different ethnic and gender groups of children and adolescents in the San Antonio, Texas, area and to compare the prevalence with that of the US national figures. DESIGN Cross-sectional study SUBJECTS A total of 7208 schoolchildren in kindergarten through 12th grade. There were 4215 Mexican American (MA) (58.5%), 2040 non-Hispanic white (NHW) (28.3%) and 953 African American (AA) (13.2%) subjects. MEASUREMENTS Weight, height and skinfold thicknesses. RESULTS The body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) values of MA boys were almost consistently and significantly (P<0.05) larger than NHW boys and showed a tendency to be larger than AA boys, beginning as early as age 6 and continuing through age 17. Although rarely significant, a similar trend in ethnic difference was also noted for girls, with the smallest BMI seen in NHW girls. The subscapular skinfold thickness (SST) for MA boys and girls was significantly (P<0.05) larger than that for NHW counterparts and showed a tendency to be larger than AA counterparts. No significant ethnic differences were present in the triceps skinfold thickness (TST) for girls, but MA boys' TST were occasionally larger (P<0.05) than other ethnic-gender groups. Girls' TST were frequently larger (P<0.05) than boys for each ethnic groups. Using the population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I as reference, the prevalence of overweight (BMI> or =95th percentile) was greater in MA (15-28%) and AA (11-29%) boys and girls than in NHW (7-17%) counterparts. The combined prevalence of overweight and 'at risk of overweight' (BMI>85th percentile) was much larger in MA boys (40-50%), MA girls (34-52%), and AA girls (33-51%) than other subgroups. The onset of overweight is quite early, starting at 5-6 y of age, especially in girls. Compared to the data from national surveys, the prevalence of overweight found in this study is higher than reported nationally. We found a marked increase in the skinfold thickness, especially SST for boys, but the increase is less for girls. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight is higher in MA boys and girls and AA girls than other ethnic-gender groups in the San Antonio, Texas, area. The prevalence of childhood overweight in the San Antonio area is higher than national figures. The findings of increasing prevalence and early onset of childhood overweight are concerning, because these are known risk factors for diabetes and diseases of many other organ systems. Measures to prevent, reduce or treat childhood obesity are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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46
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the differences in blood pressure readings between the auscultatory and oscillometric (Dinamap model 8100; Critikon, Tampa, Fla) methods. DESIGN Survey of 2 blood pressure instruments. SETTING Public schools. PARTICIPANTS Seven thousand two hundred eight schoolchildren aged 5 through 17 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Blood pressure levels. RESULTS For all children combined, Dinamap systolic pressure readings were 10 mm Hg higher (95% confidence interval, -4 to 24 mm Hg) than the auscultatory systolic pressure readings. Dinamap diastolic pressure readings were 5 mm Hg higher (95% confidence interval, -14 to 23 mm Hg) than the auscultatory Korotkoff phase V diastolic pressure readings. CONCLUSION These findings preclude the interchange of readings by the 2 methods. Caution must be exercised in the diagnosis of hypertension when an automated device is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- Department of Pediatrics, MSC 7734, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Briles DE, Hollingshead SK, King J, Swift A, Braun PA, Park MK, Ferguson LM, Nahm MH, Nabors GS. Immunization of humans with recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A (rPspA) elicits antibodies that passively protect mice from fatal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae bearing heterologous PspA. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1694-701. [PMID: 11069242 DOI: 10.1086/317602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2000] [Revised: 08/01/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a cross-reactive protein expressed by all pneumococci, is known to elicit an antibody in animals that can passively protect mice from infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. A phase I trial with recombinant PspA showed the protein to be immunogenic in humans. Pre- and postimmune serum samples from this trial were examined, and human antibody to PspA could protect mice from pneumococcal infection. The serum samples of subjects immunized twice with 125 microg of PspA had >100 times as much antibody per milliliter as was required to consistently protect mice from fatal infection (1.3 microg/dose). At least 98% of PspAs fall into PspA sequence/serologic families 1 or 2. Human antibodies elicited by a family 1 PspA protected against infection with S. pneumoniae expressing either family 1 or 2 PspAs and with strains of all 3 capsular types tested: 3, 6A, and 6B. These studies suggest that PspA may have efficacy as a human vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Briles
- Departments of Microbiology and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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48
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Kim WY, Kim JM, Han SB, Lee SK, Kim ND, Park MK, Kim CK, Park JH. Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:1702-1704. [PMID: 11141123 DOI: 10.1021/np990152b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of steaming ginseng at a temperature over 100 degrees C on its chemical constituents and biological activities. Raw ginseng was steamed at 100, 110, and 120 degrees C for 2 h using an autoclave. The ginseng steamed at 120 degrees C was more potent in its ability to induce endothelium-dependent relaxation. Steaming the raw ginseng at 120 degrees C also remarkably increased the radical-scavenging activity. Ginsenosides F(4), Rg(3), and Rg(5), which were not present in raw ginseng, were produced after steaming. Ginsenosides Rg(3) and Rg(5) were the most abundant ginsenosides in the ginseng steamed at 120 degrees C, accounting for 39% and 19% of all ginsenosides, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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49
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Abstract
We investigated whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a functionally connected Ca(2+) store or is composed of separate subunits by monitoring movements of Ca(2+) and small fluorescent probes in the ER lumen of pancreatic acinar cells, using confocal microscopy, local bleaching and uncaging. We observed rapid movements and equilibration of Ca(2+) and the probes. The bulk of the ER at the base was not connected to the granules in the apical part, but diffusion into small apical ER extensions occurred. The connectivity of the ER Ca(2+) store was robust, since even supramaximal acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation for 30 min did not result in functional fragmentation. ACh could elicit a uniform decrease in the ER Ca(2+) concentration throughout the cell, but repetitive cytosolic Ca(2+) spikes, induced by a low ACh concentration, hardly reduced the ER Ca(2+) level. We conclude that the ER is a functionally continuous unit, which enables efficient Ca(2+) liberation. Ca(2+) released from the apical ER terminals is quickly replenished from the bulk of the rough ER at the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Park
- MRC Secretory Control Research Group, The Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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50
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Schwartz GN, Kammula U, Warren MK, Park MK, Yan XY, Marincola FM, Gress RE. Thrombopoietin and chemokine mRNA expression in patient post-chemotherapy and in vitro cytokine-treated marrow stromal cell layers. Stem Cells 2000; 18:331-42. [PMID: 11007917 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.18-5-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CD34(+) cells and megakaryocyte progenitors were lower in marrow from patients after hematological recovery from the first cycle of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (FLAC) chemotherapy plus PIXY321 (GM-CSF/interleukin 3; IL-3 hybrid) than in FLAC + GM-CSF or pre-FLAC marrows. Marrow stromal layers, an in vitro model of the marrow microenvironment, express a combination of stimulatory and inhibitory factors that modulate hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. The TaqMan assay and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to measure monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), melanoma stimulatory growth activity, and monokine inducible by interferon-gamma (Mig) (inhibitory chemokines for primitive or megakaryocyte progenitors) mRNA levels in in vitro PIXY and GM-CSF-treated and patient post-FLAC marrow stromal layers. Chemokine mRNA was increased after in vitro GM-CSF and to a lesser extent after PIXY treatment. MCP-1 mRNA levels were fivefold higher in FLAC + PIXY than in FLAC + GM-CSF layers, and Mig mRNA was elevated in FLAC + GM-CSF layers. Thrombopoietin (TPO), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and IGF-II (stimulatory factors for primitive and megakaryocyte progenitors) mRNA were also measured. TPO mRNA levels were 30% lower in GM-CSF and PIXY-pretreated than in control layers with no decrease in IGF mRNA. TPO mRNA in stromal layers of patients who developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia (platelets < 20 x 10(9)/l) during the third cycle of FLAC was only 24% of levels in stromal layers of marrow from other post-FLAC patients. Results demonstrate that patient and in vitro treatment had modulatory effects on TPO and chemokine mRNA expression in marrow stromal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Schwartz
- Department of Experimental Transplantation and Immunology, Medicine Branch and Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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