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Babič K, Strojnik L, Ćirić A, Ogrinc N. Optimization and validation of an HS-SPME/GC-MS method for determining volatile organic compounds in dry-cured ham. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1342417. [PMID: 38362102 PMCID: PMC10867123 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1342417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in dry-cured ham is a result of different biochemical and enzymatic processes. Moreover, accurately quantifying these VOCs is challenging since ham is a complex matrix, which contains compounds from various chemical families and a wide range of volatilities of different molecular masses. In this study, we systematically optimized and validated an analytical method for quantifying VOCs in dry-cured ham using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Optimal SPME conditions were determined through both an experimental procedure (one-factor-at-a-time) and response surface methodology (RSM), revealing that a 60-min equilibration at 70°C, a 60-min extraction at the same temperature, and a 4-min desorption time at 250°C provided the most favorable results. To enhance quantitation, twelve multiple internal standards (ISTDs) were employed to address and improve the quantitation of the 12 VOCs. Method validation covered aspects of linearity, limits of detection (LOD: 0.03-1.13 mg kg-1), limits of quantitation (LOQ: 0.09-3.41 mg kg-1), and working ranges (0.01-19.1 mg kg-1). The practical application of this optimized method was demonstrated by analyzing dry-cured ham samples (n = 4), sourced from the Slovenian market. The initial statistical evaluation indicates that different types of dry-cured hams can be differentiated (with an 83.1% of accuracy) according to their aromatic profile. However, a larger sample size would be required to provide a more comprehensive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Babič
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrija Ćirić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Cenikj G, Strojnik L, Angelski R, Ogrinc N, Koroušić Seljak B, Eftimov T. From language models to large-scale food and biomedical knowledge graphs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7815. [PMID: 37188766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the interactions between dietary and biomedical factors is scattered throughout uncountable research articles in an unstructured form (e.g., text, images, etc.) and requires automatic structuring so that it can be provided to medical professionals in a suitable format. Various biomedical knowledge graphs exist, however, they require further extension with relations between food and biomedical entities. In this study, we evaluate the performance of three state-of-the-art relation-mining pipelines (FooDis, FoodChem and ChemDis) which extract relations between food, chemical and disease entities from textual data. We perform two case studies, where relations were automatically extracted by the pipelines and validated by domain experts. The results show that the pipelines can extract relations with an average precision around 70%, making new discoveries available to domain experts with reduced human effort, since the domain experts should only evaluate the results, instead of finding, and reading all new scientific papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjorgjina Cenikj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
| | | | | | - Nives Ogrinc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Tome Eftimov
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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3
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Kovačič A, Andreasidou E, Brus A, Vehar A, Potočnik D, Hudobivnik MJ, Heath D, Pintar M, Maršič NK, Ogrinc N, Blaznik U, Heath E. Contaminant uptake in wastewater irrigated tomatoes. J Hazard Mater 2023; 448:130964. [PMID: 36860048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As population growth and climate change add to the problem of water scarcity in many regions, the argument for using treated wastewater for irrigation is becoming increasingly compelling, which makes understanding the risks associated with the uptake of harmful chemicals by crops crucial. In this study, the uptake of 14 chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) and 27 potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was studied in tomatoes grown in soil-less (hydroponically) and soil (lysimeters) media irrigated with potable and treated wastewater using LC-MS/MS and ICP-MS. Bisphenol S, 2,4 bisphenol F, and naproxen were detected in fruits irrigated with spiked potable water and wastewater under both conditions, with BPS having the highest concentration (0.034-0.134 µg kg-1 f. w.). The levels of all three compounds were statistically more significant in tomatoes grown hydroponically (<LOQ - 0.137 µg kg-1 f. w.) than in soil (<LOQ - 0.083 µg kg-1 f. w.). Their elemental composition shows differences between tomatoes grown hydroponically or in soil and tomatoes irrigated with wastewater and potable water. Contaminants at determined levels showed low dietary chronic exposure. When the health-based guidance values for the studied CECs are determined, results from this study will be helpful for risk assessors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kovačič
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Eirini Andreasidou
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Anže Brus
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Anja Vehar
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marta Jagodic Hudobivnik
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marina Pintar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljaan 1000, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kacjan Maršič
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljaan 1000, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Urška Blaznik
- Environmental Health Centre, National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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4
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Rutar JM, Strojnik L, Nečemer M, Bontempo L, Ogrinc N. Determining the Authenticity of Spirulina Dietary Supplements Based on Stable Isotope and Elemental Composition. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030562. [PMID: 36766091 PMCID: PMC9914286 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
While the demand for Spirulina dietary supplements continues to grow, product inspection in terms of authenticity and safety remains limited. This study used the stable isotope ratios of light elements (C, N, S, H, and O) and the elemental composition to characterize Spirulina dietary supplements available on the Slovenian market. Forty-six samples were labelled as originating from the EU (1), non-EU (6), Hawaii (2), Italy (2), Japan (1), Portugal (2), Taiwan (3), India (4), and China (16), and nine products were without a declared origin. Stable isotope ratio median values were -23.9‱ (-26.0 to -21.8‱) for δ13C, 4.80‱ (1.30-8.02‱) for δ15N, 11.0‱ (6.79-12.7‱) for δ34S, -173‱ (- 190 to -158‱) for δ2H, and 17.2‱ (15.8-18.8‱) for δ18O. Multivariate statistical analyses achieved a reliable differentiation of Hawaiian, Italian, and Portuguese (100%) samples and a good separation of Chinese samples, while the separation of Indian and Taiwanese samples was less successful, but still notable. The study showed that differences in isotopic and elemental composition are indicative of sample origins, cultivation and processing methods, and environmental conditions such that, when combined, they provide a promising tool for determining the authenticity of Spirulina products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Masten Rutar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marijan Nečemer
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-5885-387
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Skrzypek G, Allison CE, Böhlke JK, Bontempo L, Brewer P, Camin F, Carter JF, Chartrand MMG, Coplen TB, Gröning M, Hélie JF, Esquivel-Hernández G, Kraft RA, Magdas DA, Mann JL, Meija J, Meijer HAJ, Moossen H, Ogrinc N, Perini M, Possolo A, Rogers KM, Schimmelmann A, Shemesh A, Soto DX, Thomas F, Wielgosz R, Winchester MR, Yan Z, Dunn PJH. Minimum requirements for publishing hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur stable-isotope delta results (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Stable hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur (HCNOS) isotope compositions expressed as isotope-delta values are typically reported relative to international standards such as Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), Vienna Peedee belemnite (VPDB) or Vienna Cañon Diablo Troilite (VCDT). These international standards are chosen by convention and the calibration methods used to realise them in practice undergo occasional changes. To ensure longevity and reusability of published data, a comprehensive description of (1) analytical procedure, (2) traceability, (3) data processing, and (4) uncertainty evaluation is required. Following earlier International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry documents on terminology and notations, this paper proposes minimum requirements for publishing HCNOS stable-isotope delta results. Each of the requirements are presented with illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Skrzypek
- West Australian Biogeochemistry Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia
| | - Colin E. Allison
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere , Aspendale , VIC , Australia
| | | | | | - Paul Brewer
- National Physical Laboratory , Teddington , UK
| | | | - James F. Carter
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services , Archerfield , Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jean-François Hélie
- Geotop & Département des sciences de la Terre et de l’atmosphère, Université du Québec à Montréal , Montreal , Canada
| | - Germain Esquivel-Hernández
- Stable Isotopes Research Group and Water Resources Management Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica , Heredia , Costa Rica
| | - Rebecca A. Kraft
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States Department of Commerce , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Dana A. Magdas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Jacqueline L. Mann
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States Department of Commerce , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Juris Meija
- National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Harro A. J. Meijer
- Centre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Heiko Moossen
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry , Jena , Germany
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences , J. Stefan Institute , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Matteo Perini
- Fondazione Edmund Mach , San Michele all’Adige , Italy
| | - Antonio Possolo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States Department of Commerce , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Arndt Schimmelmann
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA
| | - Aldo Shemesh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - David X. Soto
- International Atomic Energy Agency , Vienna , Austria
| | | | - Robert Wielgosz
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures , Sevres Cedex , France
| | - Michael R. Winchester
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States Department of Commerce , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Zhao Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agri-Products, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences , Beijing , China
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Tedesco R, Scalabrin E, Malagnini V, Strojnik L, Ogrinc N, Capodaglio G. Characterization of Botanical Origin of Italian Honey by Carbohydrate Composition and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Foods 2022; 11:foods11162441. [PMID: 36010441 PMCID: PMC9407073 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural sweetener constituted by numerous macro- and micronutrients. Carbohydrates are the most representative, with glucose and fructose being the most abundant. Minor honey components like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), minerals, vitamins, amino acids are able to confer honey-specific properties and are useful to characterize and differentiate between honey varieties according to the botanical origin. The present work describes the chemical characterization of honeys of different botanical origin (multifloral, acacia, apple-dandelion, rhododendron, honeydew, and chestnut) produced and collected by beekeepers in the Trentino Alto-Adige region (Italy). Melissopalynological analysis was conducted to verify the botanical origin of samples and determine the frequency of different pollen families. The carbohydrate composition (fourteen sugars) and the profile of VOCs were evaluated permitting to investigate the relationship between pollen composition and the chemical profile of honey. Statistical analysis, particularly partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), demonstrates the importance of classifying honey botanical origin on the basis of effective pollen composition, which directly influences honey's biochemistry, in order to correctly define properties and value of honeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaello Tedesco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E.Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Scalabrin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
- National Research Council, Polar Science Institute, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Valeria Malagnini
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E.Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriele Capodaglio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Sinkovič L, Ogrinc N, Potočnik D, Meglič V. Isotope Fingerprints of Common and Tartary Buckwheat Grains and Milling Fractions: A Preliminary Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101414. [PMID: 35626984 PMCID: PMC9141705 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The grains and milling fractions of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) are widely used for both industrial and small-scale food and non-food products. This paper represents a preliminary study of the isotopic signature (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) to differentiate between buckwheat species (common vs. Tartary), organic and conventional cultivation farming, and different buckwheat fractions (light flour, semolina, and hulls) obtained by a traditional cereal stone-mill. Stable isotope ratios were analyzed using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS). The results indicated that δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values could be used to verify the origin and production practices of buckwheat and even its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Sinkovič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva Ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-(0)1-280-52-78
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.O.); (D.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Vladimir Meglič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva Ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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8
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Gregorčič SH, Ogrinc N, Frew R, Nečemer M, Strojnik L, Zuliani T. Reply to Horacek, M. The Need to Consider Geochemistry When Interpreting Sr-Isotopes. Comment on “Gregorčič et al. The Provenance of Slovenian Milk Using 87Sr/86Sr Isotope Ratios. Foods 2021, 10, 1729”. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040581. [PMID: 35206056 PMCID: PMC8871008 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Staša Hamzić Gregorčič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (N.O.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (N.O.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Russell Frew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Marijan Nečemer
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (N.O.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (N.O.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-477-354
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Strojnik L, Potočnik D, Jagodic Hudobivnik M, Mazej D, Japelj B, Škrk N, Marolt S, Heath D, Ogrinc N. Geographical identification of strawberries based on stable isotope ratio and multi-elemental analysis coupled with multivariate statistical analysis: A Slovenian case study. Food Chem 2022; 381:132204. [PMID: 35114619 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The geographical classification and authentication of strawberries were attempted using discriminant and class-modelling methods applied to stable isotopes of light elements and elemental composition. The work involved creating a database of 92 authentic Slovenian strawberry samples and 32 imported samples. All samples were harvested between 2018 and 2020. A good geographical classification of Slovenian and non-Slovenian strawberries was obtained despite different production years using discriminant approaches. However, for verifying compliance with a given specification (geographical indications), a class-modelling approach was used to build an unbiased verification model. Class models generated by data-driven soft independent modelling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA) had high sensitivity (96% to 97%) and good specificity (81% to 91%) on a yearly basis, while a more generalised model combining total yearly data gave a lower specificity (63%). Of the 33 commercially available samples (test samples) with declared Slovenian origin, 39% were from outside of Slovenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | | | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | | | - Nadja Škrk
- Administration for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Suzana Marolt
- Administration for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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10
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Ortiz AC, Jin L, Ogrinc N, Kaye J, Krajnc B, Ma L. Dryland irrigation increases accumulation rates of pedogenic carbonate and releases soil abiotic CO 2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:464. [PMID: 35013460 PMCID: PMC8748926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural fields in drylands are challenged globally by limited freshwater resources for irrigation and also by elevated soil salinity and sodicity. It is well known that pedogenic carbonate is less soluble than evaporate salts and commonly forms in natural drylands. However, few studies have evaluated how irrigation loads dissolved calcium and bicarbonate to agricultural fields, accelerating formation rates of secondary calcite and simultaneously releasing abiotic CO2 to the atmosphere. This study reports one of the first geochemical and isotopic studies of such “anthropogenic” pedogenic carbonates and CO2 from irrigated drylands of southwestern United States. A pecan orchard and an alfalfa field, where flood-irrigation using the Rio Grande river is a common practice, were compared to a nearby natural dryland site. Strontium and carbon isotope ratios show that bulk pedogenic carbonates in irrigated soils at the pecan orchard primarily formed due to flood-irrigation, and that approximately 20–50% of soil CO2 in these irrigated soils is calcite-derived abiotic CO2 instead of soil-respired or atmospheric origins. Multiple variables that control the salt buildup in this region are identified and impact the crop production and soil sustainability regionally and globally. Irrigation intensity and water chemistry (irrigation water quantity and quality) dictate salt loading, and soil texture governs water infiltration and salt leaching. In the study area, agricultural soils have accumulated up to 10 wt% of calcite after just about 100 years of cultivation. These rates will likely increase in the future due to the combined effects of climate variability (reduced rainfall and more intense evaporation), use of more brackish groundwater for irrigation, and reduced porosity in soils. The enhanced accumulation rates of pedogenic carbonate are accompanied by release of large amounts of abiotic CO2 from irrigated drylands to atmosphere. Extensive field studies and modelling approaches are needed to further quantify these effluxes at local, regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Ortiz
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Lixin Jin
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jason Kaye
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bor Krajnc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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11
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Boito M, Iacumin P, Rossi M, Ogrinc N, Venturelli G. Isotope partitioning between cow milk and farm water: A tool for verification of milk provenance. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35:e9160. [PMID: 34233377 PMCID: PMC8519040 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of the water component of the milk from nine Italian dairy farms were studied together with the farm water for one year. The aim was to verify the importance of farm water and seasonal temperature variation on milk isotope values and propose mathematical relations as new tools to identify the milk origin. METHODS Milk was centrifuged to separate the solids and then distilled under vacuum to separate water. δ(18 O/16 O) and δ(2 H/1 H) analyses of the water molecules were carried out using a water equilibrator online with a mass spectrometer. For oxygen and hydrogen isotope determination, water was equilibrated with pure CO2 for 7.5 h and with pure H2 for 5 h, respectively. The isotope ratio value is indicated with δ (expressed on the VSMOW/SLAP scale) as defined by IUPAC. RESULTS The average annual isotope value of milk at the different cattle sheds is mostly related to the farm water suggesting that the drinking water is the most important factor influencing the isotopic values of the milk water. The milk/water fractionation factor correlates with the milking time and, thus, the seasonal temperature is best described by a 4th order polynomial regression line. A two-level check model was used to verify the milking provenance. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that it is essential to analyze both milk and farm water to indicate provenance. A two-step verification tool, based on the difference between the measured and calculated δ(18 O/16 O)M values, and the difference between the calculated and estimated milk-water fractionation factors, allowed the source determination of milk. Both conditions must be met if the milk is considered to be from the Parmigiano-Reggiano production region. Although this approach was developed for this region, it can easily be tested and adapted to other dairy production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boito
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, Parco area delle Scienze 157/AUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Paola Iacumin
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, Parco area delle Scienze 157/AUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Mattia Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, Parco area delle Scienze 157/AUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental SciencesJožef Stefan InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Giampiero Venturelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, Parco area delle Scienze 157/AUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
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12
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Faganeli J, Ogrinc N, Tamše S, Krajnc B, Turk V, Malej A, Kovač N. »Kisanje« severnega Jadrana. Acta Chim Slov 2021. [DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2021.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prikazan je kratek pregled dosedanjega znanja o karbonatnem ravnotežju severnega Jadrana, ki je dobro pufran zaradi dotoka karbonata z rekami alpskega in kraškega izvora in s tem omejenemu »kisanju«. V prihodnosti napovedujemo še vedno uravnoteženost s povečanim raztapljanjem CO2. V plitvih evtrofnih obalnih vodah bo lahko povezan vpliv povečanja atmosferskega CO2, naraščajoče temperatutre in rečnega vnosa antropogenega CO2 ter zmanjšane puferske kapacitete povečal »kisanje« morja in pomembno vplival na karbonatne organizme.
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13
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Faganeli J, Ogrinc N, Tamše S, Krajnc B, Turk V, Malej A, Kovač N. "Kisanje" severnega Jadrana. Acta Chim Slov 2021; 68:S87-S93. [PMID: 34897527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present knowledge of the carbonate system in the northern Adriatic is described in this short overview. Its buffer capacity is rather high, due to riverine input of carbonates dissolved from Alpine and Karstic watersheds, and the waters should have a higher resilience to acidification. In the shallow eutrophic areas, the combined effect of rising atmospheric CO2, warming and river-induced anthropogenic CO2 with the associated decrease in buffer capacity could act to acidification process. Significant effect on calcifying organisms is expected in the future.
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14
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Masten Rutar J, Cillero-Pastor B, Mohren R, Poklar Ulrih N, Ogrinc N, Jamnik P. Insight into the Antioxidant Effect of Fermented and Non-Fermented Spirulina Water and Ethanol Extracts at the Proteome Level Using a Yeast Cell Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1366. [PMID: 34572998 PMCID: PMC8465041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is rich in various antioxidants and nutraceuticals and it has proven to be effective in the treatment of various pathological conditions. This study explores the antioxidant effect of fermented and non-fermented Spirulina extracts on the proteome level using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. Yeast cells were treated with fermented Spirulina water extract (SV), non-fermented Spirulina water extract (NFV), fermented Spirulina ethanol extract (SE), and non-fermented Spirulina ethanol extract (NFE). Cell lysates were prepared, and label-free quantitative proteome analysis was performed. In SV, when compared to NFV samples, the levels of most differentially expressed proteins were upregulated. Alternatively, SE compared to NFE samples showed a significant downregulation for the majority of the analyzed proteins involved in different cellular processes. Additionally, a higher downregulation of stress response related proteins was observed in SE compared to NFE samples, while their abundance in SV samples increased compared to NFV. This study provided a global view, on a proteome level, of how cells cope with exogenous antioxidants and remodel their cellular processes to maintain metabolic and redox balance. Furthermore, it combined for the first time the analysis of different extract effect, including the contribution of lactic acid fermentation to the cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Masten Rutar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.M.R.); (N.O.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.C.-P.); (R.M.)
| | - Ronny Mohren
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.C.-P.); (R.M.)
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.M.R.); (N.O.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Jamnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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15
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Strojnik L, Hladnik J, Weber NC, Koron D, Stopar M, Zlatić E, Kokalj D, Strojnik M, Ogrinc N. Construction of IsoVoc Database for the Authentication of Natural Flavours. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071550. [PMID: 34359420 PMCID: PMC8306145 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavour is an important quality trait of food and beverages. As the demand for natural aromas increases and the cost of raw materials go up, so does the potential for economically motivated adulteration. In this study, gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) analysis of volatile fruit compounds, sampled using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), is used as a tool to differentiate between synthetic and naturally produced volatile aroma compounds (VOCs). The result is an extensive stable isotope database (IsoVoc—Isotope Volatile organic compounds) consisting of 39 authentic flavour compounds with well-defined origin: apple (148), strawberry (33), raspberry (12), pear (9), blueberry (7), and sour cherry (4) samples. Synthetically derived VOCs (48) were also characterised. Comparing isotope ratios of volatile compounds between distillates and fresh apples and strawberries proved the suitability of using fresh samples to create a database covering the natural variability in δ13C values and range of VOCs. In total, 25 aroma compounds were identified and used to test 33 flavoured commercial products to evaluate the usefulness of the IsoVoc database for fruit flavour authenticity studies. The results revealed the possible falsification for several fruit aroma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Hladnik
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (D.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Nika Cvelbar Weber
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (D.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Darinka Koron
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (D.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Matej Stopar
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.H.); (N.C.W.); (D.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Emil Zlatić
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Doris Kokalj
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.Z.); (D.K.)
| | | | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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16
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Horacek M, Ogrinc N, Magdas DA, Wunderlin D, Sucur S, Maras V, Misurovic A, Eder R, Čuš F, Wyhlidal S, Papesch W. Isotope Analysis (13C, 18O) of Wine From Central and Eastern Europe and Argentina, 2008 and 2009 Vintages: Differentiation of Origin, Environmental Indications, and Variations Within Countries. Front Sustain Food Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.638941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compare the stable isotope composition of oxygen and carbon of wines from four Central and Southeastern European countries and from Argentina to study the similarities and differences in the isotope signatures and, thus, the potential of differentiation of the various wine-growing countries. We observe similar trends for wines from Austria, Slovenia, and Romania with respect to the vintages 2008 and 2009, which are absent in the Montenegrin and Argentinean samples. It is speculated that the weather develops similarly for Austria, Slovenia, and Romania, as these countries are positioned at a similar latitude and not too far away from each other (general central and eastern European weather situation), whereas Montenegro is not influenced by the latter being situated farther south and dominantly influenced by the Adriatic Sea. Investigations on further vintages are needed to test this assumption.
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17
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Kejžar J, Jagodic Hudobivnik M, Nečemer M, Ogrinc N, Masten Rutar J, Poklar Ulrih N. Characterization of Algae Dietary Supplements Using Antioxidative Potential, Elemental Composition, and Stable Isotopes Approach. Front Nutr 2021; 7:618503. [PMID: 33614692 PMCID: PMC7892597 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.618503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements based on algae, known for their nutritional value and bioactive properties, are popular products among consumers today. While commercial algal products are regarded safe by numerous studies, information about the production and origin of such products is scarce. In addition, dietary supplements are not as strictly regulated as food and medicinal drugs. We characterized different algal products (kelps: Laminariales, Spirulina spp., Chlorella spp., and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae), obtained on Slovenian market, based on their elemental composition (X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry), antioxidative potential [DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, total phenolic content], and stable isotope values [carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S); elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) method]. Antioxidative potential is consistent among products of the same type, with A. flos-aquae samples having 4.4 times higher antioxidative potential compared to Chlorella spp. and 2.7 times higher compared to Spirulina spp. Levels of toxic trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead) are below the maximum allowed values and as such do not pose risk to consumers' health. Samples of Spirulina spp. have relatively high δ15N (7.4 ‰ ± 4.4‰) values, which indicate use of organic nitrogen sources in certain samples. Likewise, different elemental composition and isotopic ratios of stable elements (C, N, and S) for the samples with Spirulina spp. or Chlorella spp. are the consequence of using different nutrient sources and algae-growing techniques. Statistical analysis (principal component analysis) has confirmed that all tested A. flos-aquae samples originate from the same source, supposedly Klamath Lake (Oregon, USA). Hawaiian Spirulina pacifica can also be differentiated from all the other samples because of its characteristically high metal content (iron, manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel, vanadium). Chlorella spp. and Spirulina spp. require further analyses with larger number of samples, as differentiation is not possible based on results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kejžar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Marijan Nečemer
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasmina Masten Rutar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Plestenjak G, Eler K, Mihelič R, Ferlan M, Ogrinc N, Krajnc B, Vodnik D. Can additional air supply enhance decomposition processes in sludge treatment reed beds? J Environ Manage 2021; 277:111511. [PMID: 33091784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to investigate the influence of artificial aeration on the sludge decomposition process in mesocosm sludge treatment reed beds (STRBs). In addition to the typical STRB design, where ventilation is mainly provided by a drainage pipe, passive aeration via a "chimney" and active aeration via a blower were introduced. During the entire observation period of 1.5 years, O2 concentrations in the upper part of the filter were significantly higher in the artificially aerated beds. To determine decomposition rates, a study with decomposition bags, measurements of CO2 emissions from the STRB and isotopic partitioning of CO2 emissions were performed. The results indicate an accelerated sludge degradation process in both active and passive beds. However, this effect was limited to part of the season and could not be demonstrated by episodic measurements of CO2 efflux. The CO2 efflux showed a seasonal pattern. Average CO2 efflux was below 3.0 μmol m-2 s-1 in the winter months and reached 43 μmol m-2 s-1 in the warmer months. The low sludge load and drought period in summer 2018 resulted in an extremely low CO2 efflux in August 2018. Isotopic analyses revealed changes in decomposition dynamics for certain parts of the season, differences in contributions of sludge and plant derived CO2 to total CO2 emissions from differently aerated beds. Overall, passive aeration proved to be similarly efficient as active aeration and could therefore be considered for application in a full-scale system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Plestenjak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Limnos d.o.o., Podlimbarskega 31, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - K Eler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Mihelič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Ferlan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna Pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N Ogrinc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Krajnc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Vodnik
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Abstract
Today, the analytical verification of food safety and quality together with authenticity and traceability plays a central role in food analysis [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-588-5387
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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20
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Schimmelmann A, Qi H, Dunn PJH, Camin F, Bontempo L, Potočnik D, Ogrinc N, Kelly S, Carter JF, Abrahim A, Reid LT, Coplen TB. Food Matrix Reference Materials for Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur Stable Isotope-Ratio Measurements: Collagens, Flours, Honeys, and Vegetable Oils. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:10852-10864. [PMID: 32893631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An international project developed, quality-tested, and measured isotope-delta values of 10 new food matrix reference materials (RMs) for hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur stable isotope-ratio measurements to support food authenticity testing and food provenance verification. These new RMs, USGS82 to USGS91, will enable users to normalize measurements of samples to isotope-delta scales. The RMs include (i) two honeys from Canada and tropical Vietnam, (ii) two flours from C3 (rice) and C4 (millet) plants, (iii) four vegetable oils from C3 (olive, peanut) and C4 (corn) plants, and (iv) two collagen powders from marine fish and terrestrial mammal origins. An errors-in-variables regression model included the uncertainty associated with the measured and assigned values of the RMs, and it was applied centrally to normalize results and obtain consensus values and measurement uncertainties. Utilization of these new RMs should facilitate mutual compatibility of stable isotope data if accepted normalization procedures are applied and documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Schimmelmann
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-1405, United States
| | - Haiping Qi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Philip J H Dunn
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Camin
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Simon Kelly
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1 Friedenstrasse, Seibersdorf, Vienna A-2440, Austria
| | - James F Carter
- Health Support Queensland, QH Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane QLD4108, Australia
| | - Aiman Abrahim
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1 Friedenstrasse, Seibersdorf, Vienna A-2440, Austria
| | - Lauren T Reid
- U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Tyler B Coplen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
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21
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Hamzić Gregorčič S, Potočnik D, Camin F, Ogrinc N. Milk Authentication: Stable Isotope Composition of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Milks and Their Constituents. Molecules 2020; 25:E4000. [PMID: 32887306 PMCID: PMC7504733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarises the isotopic characteristics, i.e., oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, of Slovenian milk and its major constituents: water, casein, and lactose. In parallel, the stable oxygen isotope ratios of cow, sheep, and goat's milk were compared. Oxygen stable isotope ratios in milk water show seasonal variability and are also 18O enriched in relation to animal drinking water. The δ18Owater values were higher in sheep and goat's milk when compared to cow milk, reflecting the isotopic composition of drinking water source and the effect of differences in the animal's thermoregulatory physiologies. The relationship between δ18Omilk and δ18Olactose is an indication that even at lower amounts (>7%) of added water to milk can be determined. This procedure once validated on an international scale could become a reference method for the determination of milk adulteration with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staša Hamzić Gregorčič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (D.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (D.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (D.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Potočnik D, Strojnik L, Eftimov T, Levart A, Ogrinc N. Fatty Acid and Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Slovenian Milk: Year, Season, and Regional Variability. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122892. [PMID: 32586041 PMCID: PMC7356875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the percentage and stable isotope ratios of fatty acids in milk to study seasonal, year, and regional variability. A total of 231 raw cow milk samples were analyzed. Samples were taken twice per year in 2012, 2013, and 2014, in winter and summer, covering four distinct geographical regions in Slovenia: Mediterranean, Alpine, Dinaric, and Pannonian. A discriminant analysis model based on fatty acid composition was effective in discriminating milk according to the year/season of production (86.9%), while geographical origin discrimination was less successful (64.1%). The stable isotope composition of fatty acids also proved to be a better biomarker of metabolic transformation processes in ruminants than discriminating against the origin of milk. Further, it was observed that milk from Alpine and Mediterranean regions was healthier due to its higher percentage of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tome Eftimov
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Computer Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Levart
- Department of Animal Science, Chair of Nutrition, Biotechnical Faculty, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia;
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (L.S.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-15885387
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Strojnik L, Camin F, Ogrinc N. Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction. Talanta 2020; 219:121264. [PMID: 32887155 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural flavouring materials are in high demand, and a premium price is paid for all-natural flavourings, making them vulnerable to fraud. At present, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is perhaps the most sophisticated tool for determining flavour authenticity. Despite promising results, the method is not widely used, and the results are limited to the most common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This paper describes a robust protocol for on-line measurements of δ13C and δ2H using HS-SPME coupled with GC-C-IRMS and GC-HTC-IRMS for common fruit VOCs. To achieve reproducible and accurate results, a combination of a peak size/linearity correction with drift correction were used. Finally, the results were normalised by multiple point linear regression using the known and measured values of reference materials. Special care was taken to avoid irreproducible isotopic fractionation and the effects of equilibration, adsorption, desorption times and temperatures on δ13C or δ2H values were examined. Method validation was performed, and the average combined measurement uncertainty (MU) was 0.42‰. All the δ13CVPDB values were below ±3*MU, regardless of analytical conditions. In contrast, for δ2HVSMOW-SLAP values, only low temperature (30 °C) with equilibration time (15 min) and shorter adsorption time (between 10 and 20 min) can produce an isotopic difference of <10‰. Therefore, method optimisation can minimise MU, and data normalisation and method validation are essential for obtaining meaningful data for use in flavour authenticity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige (TN), Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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24
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Gričar J, Hafner P, Lavrič M, Ferlan M, Ogrinc N, Krajnc B, Eler K, Vodnik D. Post-fire effects on development of leaves and secondary vascular tissues in Quercus pubescens. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:796-809. [PMID: 32175576 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An increased frequency of fire events on the Slovenian Karst is in line with future climate change scenarios for drought-prone environments worldwide. It is therefore of the utmost importance to better understand tree-fire-climate interactions for predicting the impact of changing environment on tree functioning. To this purpose, we studied the post-fire effects on leaf development, leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C), radial growth patterns and the xylem and phloem anatomy in undamaged (H-trees) and fire-damaged trees (F-trees) of Quercus pubescens Willd. with good resprouting ability in spring 2017, the growing season after a rangeland fire in August 2016. We found that the fully developed canopy of F-trees reached only half of the leaf area index values measured in H-trees. Throughout the season, F-trees were characterized by higher water potential and stomatal conductivity and achieved higher photosynthetic rates compared to unburnt H-trees. The foliage of F-trees had more negative δ13C values than those of H-trees. This reflects that F-trees less frequently meet stomatal limitations due to reduced transpirational area and more favourable leaf-to-root ratio. In addition, the growth of leaves in F-trees relied more on the recent photosynthates than on reserves due to the fire disturbed starch accumulation in the previous season. Cambial production stopped 3 weeks later in F-trees, resulting in 60 and 22% wider xylem and phloem increments, respectively. A novel approach by including phloem anatomy in the analyses revealed that fire caused changes in conduit dimensions in the early phloem but not in the earlywood. However, premature formation of the tyloses in the earlywood vessels of the youngest two xylem increments in F-trees implies that xylem hydraulic integrity was also affected by heat. Analyses of secondary tissues showed that although xylem and phloem tissues are interlinked changes in their transport systems due to heat damage are not necessarily coordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jožica Gričar
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Hafner
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Lavrič
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Ferlan
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bor Krajnc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Eler
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominik Vodnik
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Strojnik L, Grebenc T, Ogrinc N. Species and geographic variability in truffle aromas. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111434. [PMID: 32442473 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The gastronomic relevance and price of truffles are related mainly to its unique aroma. In this study, we explore the impact that different volatile compounds have on the aroma quality of fresh truffles using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Four hundred sixty fresh ascocarps of nine truffle species (Tuber aestivum, Tuber magnatum, Tuber melanosporum, Tuber mesentericum, Tuber brumale, Tuber excavatum, Tuber rufum, Tuber indicum and Tuber macrosporum) harvested in 2018/19 and 2019/2020 from 11 different countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia in Herzegovina, Macedonia, Italy, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Germany, Poland and China) were collected. Our investigation included the classification of species based on their aroma profile, a study of the differences in the volatile organic composition of truffle species over a geographical area, and, in more detail, a study of T. aestivum from four natural truffle growing sites in Slovenia. Our models can distinguish between groups, with small classification error. These models could form the basis of a predictive framework to detect fraud concerning truffle products and to determine the influence of different growing parameters on the aroma profile of truffles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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26
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Hamzić Gregorčič S, Strojnik L, Potočnik D, Vogel-Mikuš K, Jagodic M, Camin F, Zuliani T, Ogrinc N. Can We Discover Truffle's True Identity? Molecules 2020; 25:E2217. [PMID: 32397327 PMCID: PMC7248893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used elemental and stable isotope composition to characterize Slovenian truffles and used multi-variate statistical analysis to classify truffles according to species and geographical origin. Despite the fact that the Slovenian truffles shared some similar characteristics with the samples originating from other countries, differences in the element concentrations suggest that respective truffle species may respond selectively to nutrients from a certain soil type under environmental and soil conditions. Cross-validation resulted in a 77% correct classification rate for determining the geographical origin and a 74% correct classification rate to discriminate between species. The critical parameters for geographical origin discriminations were Sr, Ba, V, Pb, Ni, Cr, Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios, while from stable isotopes δ18O and δ13C values are the most important. The key variables that distinguish T.magnatum from other species are the levels of V and Zn and δ15N values. Tuber aestivum can be separated based on the levels of Ni, Cr, Mn, Mg, As, and Cu. This preliminary study indicates the possibility to differentiate truffles according to their variety and geographical origin and suggests widening the scope to include stable strontium isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staša Hamzić Gregorčič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (L.S.); (D.P.); (M.J.); (T.Z.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (L.S.); (D.P.); (M.J.); (T.Z.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (L.S.); (D.P.); (M.J.); (T.Z.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marta Jagodic
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (L.S.); (D.P.); (M.J.); (T.Z.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (L.S.); (D.P.); (M.J.); (T.Z.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.H.G.); (L.S.); (D.P.); (M.J.); (T.Z.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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27
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Jagodic M, Snoj Tratnik J, Potočnik D, Mazej D, Ogrinc N, Horvat M. Dietary habits of Slovenian inland and coastal primiparous women and fatty acid composition of their human milk samples. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111299. [PMID: 32283198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The quantity and composition of fatty acids (FAs) in milk can influence an infant's growth and development through maternal diet. Therefore, associations between maternal diet and FA composition in 74 mature human milk samples were investigated. This study aimed to obtain FA patterns in mature milk arising from different dietary habits in two geographically different areas in Slovenia: Koper (KP), a coastal area, and Pomurje (MS), an inland area. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the dietary intake of game, freshwater fish, and fresh and frozen seafood between the study areas. Among the mean percentages of 35 individual FAs in milk, 19 were higher in KP and 16 were higher in MS. In KP, despite the higher intake of fresh seafood, the levels of saturated and monounsaturated FAs were higher and the levels of PUFAs, ω-3, and ω-6 were lower compared to those in MS. The ω-6:ω-3 ratio did not differ significantly between the study areas. This finding was not expected and indicates a discrepancy between the measured and self-reported data - the latter lack reliable data on dietary supplements. Therefore, determination of FA profile is important as a promising biomarker of dietary intake in environmental health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jagodic
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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28
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Krajnc B, Bontempo L, Luis Araus J, Giovanetti M, Alegria C, Lauteri M, Augusti A, Atti N, Smeti S, Taous F, Amenzou NE, Podgornik M, Camin F, Reis P, Máguas C, Bučar Miklavčič M, Ogrinc N. Selective Methods to Investigate Authenticity and Geographical Origin of Mediterranean Food Products. Food Reviews International 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1717521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Krajnc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, AGROTECNIO, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuela Giovanetti
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Alegria
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Lauteri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Porano, Italy
| | - Angela Augusti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Porano, Italy
| | - Naziha Atti
- Laboratoire de Production Animale et Fourragère, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Smeti
- Laboratoire de Production Animale et Fourragère, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fouad Taous
- Centre National de L’énergie, Des Sciences Et Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nour Eddine Amenzou
- Centre National de L’énergie, Des Sciences Et Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maja Podgornik
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Oliveculture, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy
| | - Pedro Reis
- Sistemas agrários e florestais e sanidade vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Sinkovič L, Nečemer M, Ogrinc N, Žnidarčič D, Stopar D, Vidrih R, Meglič V. Parameters for discrimination between organic and conventional production: A case study for chicory plants (Cichorium intybus L.). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:111109. [PMID: 31904471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic crop production has become a highly attractive way of production over the world and thus the need for robust analytical techniques for their authentication. The main aim of this study is to identify appropriate biomarkers to discriminate between organic and conventionally grown chicory. Chicory is an appreciated leafy vegetable among producers and consumers, especially due to its undemanding cultivation and content of bioactive substances. Six different fertility management practices (control, two organic, two mineral, and a combination of organic and mineral fertilizers) were used to produce five chicory cultivars in a glasshouse pot experiment. Analysis of bioactive compounds, nitrogen assimilation, multi-elemental profiling and stable isotope ratio determination of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) were performed to differentiate between organic and conventional production. In this study, nitrogen isotopes are found to be an excellent way of identifying organically produced chicory of a different variety with the highest δ15N values. Conversely, the same samples had the lowest δ34S values indicating that also stable isotopes of S could be used as a marker for the authentication of organic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Sinkovič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova Ulica 17, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marijan Nečemer
- Department of Low and Medium Energy Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragan Žnidarčič
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rajko Vidrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Meglič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova Ulica 17, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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30
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Jagodic M, Potočnik D, Snoj Tratnik J, Mazej D, Pavlin M, Trdin A, Eftimov T, Kononenko L, Ogrinc N, Horvat M. Selected elements and fatty acid composition in human milk as indicators of seafood dietary habits. Environ Res 2020; 180:108820. [PMID: 31639654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The maternal diet and living environment can affect levels of chemical elements and fatty acid (FA) composition and their stable isotopes (δ13CFA) in human milk. Information obtained from questionnaires is frequently imprecise, thus limiting proper associations between external and internal exposures as well as health effects. In this study, we focused on seafood as a source of potentially toxic and essential elements and nutritional FAs. Concentrations of selected elements in human milk (As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn) were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Hg using cold vapour atomic-absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). The identification and quantification of FAs in maternal milk were performed by an in-situ trans-esterification method (FAMEs), and the characterization of FAMEs was performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). δ13CFA was determined by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Seventy-four lactating Slovenian women from the coastal area of Koper (KP), with more frequent consumption of seafood, and the inland area of Pomurje (MS), with less frequent seafood consumption, were included in this study. Along with basic statistical analyses, data mining approaches (classification and clustering) were applied to investigate whether FA composition and δ13CFA could improve the information regarding dietary sources of potentially toxic elements. As and Hg levels in milk were found to be statistically higher in populations from KP than in those from MS, and 71% of individual FAs and 30% of individual δ13CFA values in milk differed statistically between the studied areas. In 19 cases, the levels of FAs in milk were higher in KP than in MS; these FAs include C20:5ω3 and C22:6ω3/C24:1ω9, which are typically contained in fish. In 16 cases, the mean percentage of FAs was higher in MS than in KP; these FAs include the PUFAs C18:2ω6, C18:3ω3, and C20:4ω6 which are important for human and infant growth. The difference in δ13C levels of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:1, C16:0, C18:1ω9c, C22:6ω3, and δ13C 18:0-16:0 in the study groups was statistically significant. In all seven cases where δ13C of FA significantly differed between KP and MS, δ13C was higher in KP, indicating a higher proportion of a marine-based diet. The data mining approaches confirmed that the percentage of selected FAs (iC17:0, C4:0, C18:2ω6t, aC17:0, CLA, and C22:4ω6) and δ13CFA of C18:1ω9c in human milk could be used to distinguish between high and low frequency of fresh seafood consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jagodic
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Majda Pavlin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ajda Trdin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tome Eftimov
- Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lijana Kononenko
- Ministry of Health, Chemicals Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ajdovščina 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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31
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Ciric A, Krajnc B, Heath D, Ogrinc N. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network approach for the optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from garlic. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110976. [PMID: 31743742 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper aimed to establish the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from domestic garlic (Allium sativum L.) using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach. A 4-factor-3-level central composite design was used to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to obtain a maximum yield of target responses. Maximum values of the two output parameters: 19.498 mg GAE/g fresh weight of sample total phenolic content and 1.422 mg RUT/g fresh weight of sample total flavonoid content were obtained under optimum extraction conditions: 13.50 min X1, 59.00 °C X2, 71.00% X3 and 20.00 mL/g X4. Root mean square error for training, validation, and testing were 0.0209, 3.6819 and 1.8341, respectively. The correlation coefficient between experimentally obtained total phenolic content and total flavonoid content and values predicted by ANN were 0.9998 for training, 0.9733 for validation, and 0.9821 for testing, indicating the good predictive ability of the model. The ANN model had a higher prediction efficiency than the RSM model. Hence, RSM can demonstrate the interaction effects of basic inherent UAE parameters on target responses, whereas ANN can reliably model the UAE process with better predictive and estimation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrija Ciric
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovica 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia; Department of Environmental Science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Bor Krajnc
- Department of Environmental Science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental Science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ogrinc N, Hintelmann H, Kotnik J, Horvat M, Pirrone N. Sources of mercury in deep-sea sediments of the Mediterranean Sea as revealed by mercury stable isotopes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11626. [PMID: 31406135 PMCID: PMC6690899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and its stable isotope composition were used to determine the sources of Hg in deep-sea sediments of the Mediterranean Sea. Surface and down-core sediment δ202Hg values varied widely between -2.30 and +0.78‰, showed consistently positive values for mass independent fractionation of odd Hg isotopes (with average values of Δ199Hg = +0.10 ± 0.04‰ and Δ201Hg = +0.04 ± 0.02‰) and near-zero Δ200Hg values, indicating either multiple Hg sources or a combination of different Hg isotope fractionating processes before and after sediment deposition. Both mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionation processes influence the isotopic composition of Hg in the Mediterranean Sea. Positive Δ199Hg values are likely the result of enhanced Hg2+ photoreduction in the Mediterranean water column before incorporation of Hg into sediments, while mass-dependent fractionation decreases δ202Hg values due to kinetic isotope fractionation during deposition and mobilization. An isotope mixing model based on mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionation (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) suggests at least three primary Hg sources of atmospheric deposition in the surface sediments: urban, industrial and global precipitation-derived. Industry is the main source of Hg in Algerian and Western Basin surface sediments and at two sites in the Adriatic Sea, while the urban contribution is most prominent at the Strait of Otranto (MS3) and in Adriatic surface sediments. The contribution from precipitation ranged from 10% in Algerian to 37% in W Basin sediments. Overall, results suggest that atmospheric Hg deposition to Mediterranean surface sediments is dominated by gaseous elemental mercury (58 ± 11%) rather than wet deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Jože Kotnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rome, Italy
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Dunn PJH, Bilsel M, Şimşek A, Gören AC, Tunç M, Ogrinc N, Horvat M, Goenaga-Infante H. Practical and theoretical considerations for the determination of δ 13 C VPDB values of methylmercury in the environment. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:1122-1136. [PMID: 30968483 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Analytical methods that can identify the source and fate of mercury and organomercury compounds are likely to be useful tools to investigate mercury in the environment. Carbon isotope ratio analysis of methylmercury (MeHg) together with mercury isotope ratios may offer a robust tool to study environmental cycling of organomercury compounds within fish tissues and other matrices. METHODS MeHg carbon isotope ratios were determined by gas chromatography/combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C-IRMS) either directly or following derivatization using sodium tetraethylborate. The effects of a normalization protocol and of derivatization on the measurement uncertainty of the methylmercury δ13 CVPDB values were investigated. RESULTS GC/C-IRMS analysis resulted in a δ13 CVPDB value for an in-house MeHg reference material of δ13 CVPDB = -68.3 ± 7.7‰ (combined standard uncertainty, k = 1). This agreed very well with the value obtained by offline flow-injection analysis/chemical oxidation/isotope ratio mass spectrometry of δ13 CVPDB = -68.85 ± 0.17‰ (combined standard uncertainty, k = 1) although the uncertainty was substantially larger. The minimum amount of MeHg required for analysis was determined to be 20 μg. CONCLUSIONS While the δ13 CVPDB values of MeHg can be obtained by GC/C-IRMS methods with or without derivatization, the low abundance of MeHg precludes such analyses in fish tissues unless there is substantial MeHg contamination. Environmental samples with sufficient MeHg pollution can be studied using these methods provided that the MeHg can be quantitatively extracted. The more general findings from this study regarding derivatization protocol implementation within an autosampler vial as well as measurement uncertainty associated with derivatization, normalization to reporting scales and integration are applicable to other GC/C-IRMS-based measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J H Dunn
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC Limited, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK
| | - Mine Bilsel
- TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (TÜBİTAK UME), PO Box 54, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Adnan Şimşek
- TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (TÜBİTAK UME), PO Box 54, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceyhan Gören
- TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (TÜBİTAK UME), PO Box 54, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Tunç
- TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (TÜBİTAK UME), PO Box 54, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Strojnik L, Stopar M, Zlatič E, Kokalj D, Gril MN, Ženko B, Žnidaršič M, Bohanec M, Boshkovska BM, Luštrek M, Gradišek A, Potočnik D, Ogrinc N. Authentication of key aroma compounds in apple using stable isotope approach. Food Chem 2019; 277:766-773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vrzel J, Ludwig R, Gampe D, Ogrinc N. Hydrological system behaviour of an alluvial aquifer under climate change. Sci Total Environ 2019; 649:1179-1188. [PMID: 30308889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an assessment of the sensitivity of groundwater-surface water interactions to climate change in an alluvial aquifer, located in the Ljubljansko polje, Slovenia. The investigation is motivated by a recent assessment of climate change pressures on the water balance in the Sava River Basin (Gampe et al., 2016). The assessment was performed using a comprehensive hydrological modelling approach, which is based on the direct/indirect communication between FEFLOW and WaSiM/MIKE 11. This modelling framework provides a precise simulation of the critical processes in the study domain, which are the main drivers influencing the interactions between precipitation, river water and groundwater under different future climate scenarios. Climate projections were based on the results of the three regional climate models SMHI-RCA4, KNMI-RACMO22E and CLMcom-CCLM4. The results show that there will be higher levels of local precipitation during 2036-2065, the projected river discharge will be larger in the future compared to 2000-2014, and it is unlikely that the Ljubljansko polje will suffer from water scarcity. In addition, amongst the various sections of the Sava River the section between Črnuče and Šentjakob is the one most sensitive to climate change. By running the models under different climate scenarios a deeper insight into aquifer system functioning was obtained. Investigating impacts of climate change on groundwater and interactions between surface water and groundwater on the local scale is a basis for applying such a study on the global scale, which was still not very well investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Vrzel
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - David Gampe
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Dunn PJ, Hill S, Cowen S, Goenaga-Infante H, Sargent M, Gören AC, Bilsel M, Şimşek A, Ogrinc N, Potočnik D, Armishaw P, Hai L, Konopelko L, Chubchenko Y, Chesson LA, van der Peijl G, Blaga C, Posey R, Camin F, Chernyshev A, Chowdhury SA. Lessons learned from inter-laboratory studies of carbon isotope analysis of honey. Sci Justice 2019; 59:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ogrinc N, Tamše S, Zavadlav S, Vrzel J, Jin L. Evaluation of geochemical processes and nitrate pollution sources at the Ljubljansko polje aquifer (Slovenia): A stable isotope perspective. Sci Total Environ 2019; 646:1588-1600. [PMID: 30235643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Ljubljansko polje aquifer, which is the main supply of drinking water for the local population in Ljubljana, Slovenia is highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution. In this study, the geochemistry of major constituents including nitrate concentrations and the dual isotopes of nitrate were used to ascertain the spatial distribution of processes and nitrate sources in the groundwater from seven wells at three different water supplies: Kleče, Hrastje and Jarški prod. The groundwater is of the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- type approaching equilibrium with respect to dolomite and are moderately supersaturated with calcite. The groundwater nitrate concentrations ranged from 5.32 to 50.1 mg L-1 and are well above the threshold value for anthropogenic activity (3 mg L-1). The δ15NNO3 values ranged from 1.4 to 9.7‰, while δ18ONO3 values were from 6.3 to 34.6‰. Based on isotope mixing model three sources of nitrate were identified: atmospheric deposition, fertilizers and soil nitrogen. At Kleče 8, Kleče 12 and Jarški prod 3 the low δ15NNO3 and high δ18ONO3 values result from pristine nitrate sources, while in Hrastje 3 and Kleče 11 equal amounts of nitrate derived from soils with mixed fertilization and sewage. The data also indicate that the main sources of high nitrate concentrations in groundwater are from fertilizers and sewage-manure (comprising up to 64%). Such levels occurred in the Hrastje and Kleče 11 wells where precipitation is the main source of groundwater. Nitrate derived from atmospheric deposition accounted for approximately 10% of the nitrate in the groundwater. The message from this study is that to reduce the nitrogen load and improve water quality will involve containment and the careful management of sources from urban and agriculture inputs such as sewage-manure and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Samo Tamše
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Zavadlav
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Vrzel
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisentraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Lixin Jin
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0555, USA
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Hoffman T, Jaćimović R, Bay LJ, Griboff J, Jagodic M, Monferrán M, Ogrinc N, Podkolzin I, Wunderlin D, Almirall J. Development of a method for the elemental analysis of milk powders using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and its potential use in geographic sourcing. Talanta 2018; 186:670-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rychlik M, Zappa G, Añorga L, Belc N, Castanheira I, Donard OFX, Kouřimská L, Ogrinc N, Ocké MC, Presser K, Zoani C. Ensuring Food Integrity by Metrology and FAIR Data Principles. Front Chem 2018; 6:49. [PMID: 29872651 PMCID: PMC5972778 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food integrity is a general term for sound, nutritive, healthy, tasty, safe, authentic, traceable, as well as ethically, safely, environment-friendly, and sustainably produced foods. In order to verify these properties, analytical methods with a higher degree of accuracy, sensitivity, standardization and harmonization and a harmonized system for their application in analytical laboratories are required. In this view, metrology offers the opportunity to achieve these goals. In this perspective article the current global challenges in food analysis and the principles of metrology to fill these gaps are presented. Therefore, the pan-European project METROFOOD-RI within the framework of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) was developed to establish a strategy to allow reliable and comparable analytical measurements in foods along the whole process line starting from primary producers until consumers and to make all data findable, accessible, interoperable, and re-usable according to the FAIR data principles. The initiative currently consists of 48 partners from 18 European Countries and concluded its "Early Phase" as research infrastructure by organizing its future structure and presenting a proof of concept by preparing, distributing and comprehensively analyzing three candidate Reference Materials (rice grain, rice flour, and oyster tissue) and establishing a system how to compile, process, and store the generated data and how to exchange, compare them and make them accessible in data bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Giovanna Zappa
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department for Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, Biotechnologies and Agro-Industry Division, Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Larraitz Añorga
- CIDETEC, Centre for Electrochemical Technologies, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nastasia Belc
- National R&D Institute for Food Bioresources, IBA Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Isabel Castanheira
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olivier F X Donard
- IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Lenka Kouřimská
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marga C Ocké
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Karl Presser
- Premotec GmbH, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Zoani
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department for Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, Biotechnologies and Agro-Industry Division, Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
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Ocvirk M, Ogrinc N, Košir IJ. Determination of the Geographical and Botanical Origin of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Using Stable Isotopes of C, N, and S. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:2021-2026. [PMID: 29397717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A need exists for a reliable method to determine the geographical and botanical origin of hops. For this study, three sets of samples were collected: the first set comprised 5 German samples; the second set comprised samples of hops from 10 of the world's major hop-growing regions; and the third comprised the 4 main Slovenian regions. The samples were analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to obtain δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values. The δ15N (2.2 ‰ to 8.4 ‰) and δ34S (0.7 ‰ to 12.3 ‰) values were the most discriminating parameters for classifying hop according to geographical origin. ANOVA showed distinct groupings for 8 out of the 10 hop-growing regions. Although it was not possible to distinguish the geographical origin of hops based on δ13C (-28.9 ‰ to -24.7 ‰), in the case of botanical origin, δ13C values proved to be the most discriminative albeit with limited success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Ocvirk
- Institute for Hop Research and Brewing , Cesta Žalskega Tabora 2, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, "J. Stefan" Institute , Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Jože Košir
- Institute for Hop Research and Brewing , Cesta Žalskega Tabora 2, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenia
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Kandolf Borovšak A, Ogrinc N, Lilek N, Korošec M. Feeding honey-bee colonies (Apis mellifera carnica Poll.) and detection of honey adulteration. Acta Alimentaria 2017. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kandolf Borovšak
- Slovenian Beekeepers Association, Brdo pri Lukovici 8, SI-1225 Lukovica. Slovenia
| | - N. Ogrinc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana. Slovenia
| | - N. Lilek
- Slovenian Beekeepers Association, Brdo pri Lukovici 8, SI-1225 Lukovica. Slovenia
| | - M. Korošec
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana. Slovenia
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Vrzel J, Vuković-Gačić B, Kolarević S, Gačić Z, Kračun-Kolarević M, Kostić J, Aborgiba M, Farnleitner A, Reischer G, Linke R, Paunović M, Ogrinc N. Determination of the sources of nitrate and the microbiological sources of pollution in the Sava River Basin. Sci Total Environ 2016; 573:1460-1471. [PMID: 27522292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coupled measurements of nitrate (NO3-), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) isotopic composition (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) were used to investigate the sources and processes of N cycling, while the microbial source tracking (MST) method was used to identify microbiological pollution in the surface water of the Sava River Basin (SRB) in autumn in 2014 and 2015 during high and low water discharge. Atmospheric nitrate deposition or nitrate-containing fertilizers were found not to be significant sources of riverine nitrate in the SRB. The ranges of isotope values suggest that NO3- in the SRB derives from soil nitrification, sewage, and/or manure, which were further supported by MST analysis. Microbiological indicators show the existence of hotspots of fecal pollution in the SRB, which are human associated. Long-term observations indicate persistent fecal contamination at selected locations caused by continuous discharge of untreated wastewaters into the SRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Vrzel
- Department of Geography, University of Munich, Luisenstraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova ulica 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zoran Gačić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research ¨Siniša Stanković¨, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Kostić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mustafa Aborgiba
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andreas Farnleitner
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Chemical Engineering, Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecology, The Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Georg Reischer
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Chemical Engineering, Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecology, The Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rita Linke
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Chemical Engineering, Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecology, The Interuniversity Cooperation Centre Water & Health, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research ¨Siniša Stanković¨, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova ulica 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova ulica 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Potočnik T, Ogrinc N, Potočnik D, Košir IJ. Fatty acid composition and δ13C isotopic ratio characterisation of pumpkin seed oil. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bizjak Bat K, Eler K, Mazej D, Mozetič Vodopivec B, Mulič I, Kump P, Ogrinc N. Isotopic and elemental characterisation of Slovenian apple juice according to geographical origin: Preliminary results. Food Chem 2016; 203:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Potocnik D, Necemer M, Mazej D, Jacimovic R, Ogrinc N. Multi-elemental composition of Slovenian milk: analytical approach and geographical origin determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.21014/acta_imeko.v5i1.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The main objective in multi-elemental analysis in food is to obtain the best results in the shortest time and with minimal contamination and reagent consumption. Three different methods were investigated in the present study to obtain the elemental content in milk samples: energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF), k<sub>0</sub>-instrumental nuclear activation analysis (k<sub>0</sub>-INAA) and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Quality assurance including intercomparison exercises of these measurements proved entirely satisfactory and was typical of that previously established for this technique. It was found that EDXRF was the cheapest, simplest and environmental friendly method for analysis of multi-elemental composition (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr) in milk samples, while for determination of Mn, Fe, Cu, Se content and possible identification of pollutants such as As, Cd and Pb ICP-MS was a method of choice due to its excellent sensitivity and accuracy. These two methods were also used to determine the multi-elemental composition in Slovenian raw cow milk from different geographical regions: Alpine, Mediterranean. Dinaric and Panoninan in December 2013. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to explore multi-elemental analysis of milk samples to obtain classification according to geographical regions. Regional discrimination was most successful taking into account Ca, S, P, K, and Cl with prediction ability of 66.7%.
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Rubino A, Bensi M, Hainbucher D, Zanchettin D, Mapelli F, Ogrinc N, Marchetto D, Borin S, Cardin V, Fajon V, Horvat M, Taricco C, Baldi F. Biogeochemical, Isotopic and Bacterial Distributions Trace Oceanic Abyssal Circulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145299. [PMID: 26761666 PMCID: PMC4711998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the possibility of tracing routes of dense waters toward and within the ocean abyss by the use of an extended set of observed physical and biochemical parameters. To this purpose, we employ mercury, isotopic oxygen, biopolymeric carbon and its constituents, together with indicators of microbial activity and bacterial diversity found in bottom waters of the Eastern Mediterranean. In this basin, which has been considered as a miniature global ocean, two competing sources of bottom water (one in the Adriatic and one in the Aegean seas) contribute to the ventilation of the local abyss. However, due to a recent substantial reduction of the differences in the physical characteristics of these two water masses it has become increasingly complex a water classification using the traditional approach with temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen alone. Here, we show that an extended set of observed physical and biochemical parameters allows recognizing the existence of two different abyssal routes from the Adriatic source and one abyssal route from the Aegean source despite temperature and salinity of such two competing sources of abyssal water being virtually indistinguishable. Moreover, as the near-bottom development of exogenous bacterial communities transported by convectively-generated water masses in the abyss can provide a persistent trace of episodic events, intermittent flows like those generating abyssal waters in the Eastern Mediterranean basin may become detectable beyond the availability of concomitant measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, VE, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuel Bensi
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, OGS, B.go Grotta Gigante 42/c, Sgonico, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dagmar Hainbucher
- CEN, Institut für Meereskunde, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davide Zanchettin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Francesca Mapelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, “Jožef Stefan” Institut, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Davide Marchetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Cardin
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, OGS, B.go Grotta Gigante 42/c, Sgonico, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vesna Fajon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, “Jožef Stefan” Institut, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, “Jožef Stefan” Institut, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carla Taricco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, INAF, Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Franco Baldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy
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Mihailović M, Blagojević D, Ogrinc N, Simonović P, Simić V, Vidaković M, Dinić S, Uskoković A, Grdović N, Arambašić-Jovanović J, Đorđević M, Tolić A, Kračun-Kolarević M, Kolarević S, Piria M, Paunović M. Biochemical indicators and biomarkers in chub (Squalius cephalus L.) from the Sava River. Sci Total Environ 2016; 540:368-376. [PMID: 26170114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical indicators and biomarkers were analyzed in the liver and gills of chub caught in three localities along the Sava River exposed to different environmental impacts. Sampling sites were: downstream from Zagreb (Zgd), downstream Sremska Mitrovica (SM) and downstream from Belgrade (Bgd). We observed that the relative amounts and levels of activity of Cu, Zn containing superoxide dismutase and glutathione in both the liver and gills, and the relative amounts of heat shock protein (HSP90) and metallothioneins in the gills were highest in the Zgd locality, suggesting a higher impact of metal pollution. The Zgd locality had higher concentrations of trace metals in the water, especially iron. In the SM and Bgd localities, higher relative levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase were recorded (especially in SM) as compared to the Zgd locality, pointing to the presence of hydrogen peroxide and different classes of organic peroxides. Low water oxygen and high temperature levels in the Bgd locality suggesting different metabolic activity between examined locations. Our results suggest that different presence and concentrations of individual environmental factors (total environment) influence the way how fish establish homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Mihailović
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Predrag Simonović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladica Simić
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Grdović
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić-Jovanović
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Đorđević
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Tolić
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Piria
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Spec. Zoology, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Momir Paunović
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Klančnik A, Toplak N, Kovač M, Ogrinc N, Jeršek B. Robust PCR-based method for quantification of bovine milk in cheeses made from caprine and ovine milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Jamnikarjeva 101 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Nataša Toplak
- Omega d.o.o.; Dolinškova 8 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Minka Kovač
- Omega d.o.o.; Dolinškova 8 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Jožef Stefan Institute; Jamova 39 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jeršek
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Jamnikarjeva 101 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Kotnik J, Horvat M, Ogrinc N, Fajon V, Žagar D, Cossa D, Sprovieri F, Pirrone N. Mercury speciation in the Adriatic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 96:136-48. [PMID: 26013591 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercury and its speciation were studied in surface and deep waters of the Adriatic Sea. Several mercury species (i.e. DGM – dissolved gaseous Hg, RHg – reactive Hg, THg – total Hg, MeHg – monomethyl Hg and DMeHg – dimethylmercury) together with other water parameters were measured in coastal and open sea deep water profiles. THg concentrations in the water column, as well as in sediments and pore waters, were the highest in the northern, most polluted part of the Adriatic Sea as the consequence of Hg mining in Idrija and the heavy industry of northern Italy. Certain profiles in the South Adriatic Pit exhibit an increase of DGM just over the bottom due to its diffusion from sediment as a consequence of microbial and/or tectonic activity. Furthermore, a Hg mass balance for the Adriatic Sea was calculated based on measurements and literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jože Kotnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Fajon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Žagar
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Cossa
- Ifremer, Centre for the Mediterranean Sea, BP 330, F-83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR - Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rende, Italy
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Kotnik J, Sprovieri F, Ogrinc N, Horvat M, Pirrone N. Mercury in the Mediterranean, part I: spatial and temporal trends. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:4063-4080. [PMID: 24338071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present paper provides an overview of mercury studies performed in the Mediterranean Sea region in the framework of several research projects funded by the European Commission and on-going national programmes carried out during the last 15 years. These studies investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of mercury species in air, in the water column and sediments, and the transport mechanisms connecting them. It was found that atmospheric concentrations of Hg compounds, particularly oxidised Hg species observed at five coastal sites in the Mediterranean Sea Basin, are significantly higher compared with those recorded at five coastal sites distributed across N Europe, most probably due to natural emissions. Hg levels in water are comparable to other oceans. Anthropogenic and natural point sources show locally limited enrichments, while natural diffusive sources influence Hg speciation over larger areas. Results and statistic comparison of mercury species concentrations within Mediterranean compartments will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jože Kotnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute (JSI), Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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