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Rajhans P, Mainardi F, Austin S, Sprenger N, Deoni S, Hauser J, Schneider N. The Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Myelination, Socio-Emotional and Language Development: Observational Data from Breast-Fed Infants in the United States of America. Nutrients 2023; 15:4624. [PMID: 37960278 PMCID: PMC10649431 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infancy is a critical period for neurodevelopment, which includes myelination, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, and the development of motor, social-emotional, and cognitive functions. Human milk provides essential nutrients to the infant's developing brain, especially during the first postnatal months. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major component of human milk, and there is growing evidence of the association of individual HMOs with cognitive development in early life. However, to our knowledge, no study has explained these associations with a mechanism of action. Here, we investigated possible mediating associations between HMOs in human milk, brain myelination (measured via myelin water fraction), and measures of motor, language (collected via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III)), and socioemotional development (collected via the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional Version (ASQ-SE)) in healthy term-born breast-fed infants. The results revealed an association between 6'Sialyllactose and social skills that was mediated by myelination. Furthermore, associations of fucosylated HMOs with language outcomes were observed that were not mediated by myelination. These observations indicate the roles of specific HMOs in neurodevelopment and associated functional outcomes, such as social-emotional function and language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Rajhans
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Fabio Mainardi
- Department of Data Sciences & Precision Nutrition, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Gastro-Intestinal Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Sean Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Spinn Neuroscience, Seattle, WA 98275, USA
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Nora Schneider
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.H.); (N.S.)
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Boulangé CL, Pedersen HK, Martin FP, Siegwald L, Pallejà Caro A, Eklund AC, Jia W, Zhang H, Berger B, Sprenger N, Heine RG, Cinnamon Study Investigator Group. An Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modifies the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Infants with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11422. [PMID: 37511184 PMCID: PMC10379726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a prevalent food allergy among infants and young children. We conducted a randomized, multicenter intervention study involving 194 non-breastfed infants with CMPA until 12 months of age (clinical trial registration: NCT03085134). One exploratory objective was to assess the effects of a whey-based extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in this population. Thus, fecal samples were collected at baseline, 1 and 3 months from enrollment, as well as at 12 months of age. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) supplementation led to the enrichment of bifidobacteria in the gut microbiome and delayed the shift of the microbiome composition toward an adult-like pattern. We identified specific HMO-mediated changes in fecal amino acid degradation and bile acid conjugation, particularly in infants commencing the HMO-supplemented formula before the age of three months. Thus, HMO supplementation partially corrected the dysbiosis commonly observed in infants with CMPA. Further investigation is necessary to determine the clinical significance of these findings in terms of a reduced incidence of respiratory infections and other potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Boulangé
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Francois-Pierre Martin
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Léa Siegwald
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cho S, Samuel TM, Li T, Howell BR, Baluyot K, Hazlett HC, Elison JT, Zhu H, Hauser J, Sprenger N, Lin W. Interactions between Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and human milk oligosaccharides and their associations with infant cognition. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216327. [PMID: 37457984 PMCID: PMC10345227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While ample research on independent associations between infant cognition and gut microbiota composition and human milk (HM) oligosaccharides (HMOs) has been reported, studies on how the interactions between gut microbiota and HMOs may yield associations with cognitive development in infancy are lacking. We aimed to determine how HMOs and species of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium genera interact with each other and their associations with cognitive development in typically developing infants. A total of 105 mother-infant dyads were included in this study. The enrolled infants [2.9-12 months old (8.09 ± 2.48)] were at least predominantly breastfed at 4 months old. A total of 170 HM samples from the mothers and fecal samples of the children were collected longitudinally. Using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning to assess cognition and the scores as the outcomes, linear mixed effects models including both the levels of eight HMOs and relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species as main associations and their interactions were employed with adjusting covariates; infant sex, delivery mode, maternal education, site, and batch effects of HMOs. Additionally, regression models stratifying infants based on the A-tetrasaccharide (A-tetra) status of the HM they received were also employed to determine if the associations depend on the A-tetra status. With Bacteroides species, we observed significant associations with motor functions, while Bif. catenulatum showed a negative association with visual reception in the detectable A-tetra group both as main effect (value of p = 0.012) and in interaction with LNFP-I (value of p = 0.007). Additionally, 3-FL showed a positive association with gross motor (p = 0.027) and visual reception (p = 0.041). Furthermore, significant associations were observed with the interaction terms mainly in the undetectable A-tetra group. Specifically, we observed negative associations for Bifidobacterium species and LNT [breve (p = 0.011) and longum (p = 0.022)], and positive associations for expressive language with 3'-SL and Bif. bifidum (p = 0.01), 6'-SL and B. fragilis (p = 0.019), and LNFP-I and Bif. kashiwanohense (p = 0.048), respectively. Our findings suggest that gut microbiota and HMOs are both independently and interactively associated with early cognitive development. In particular, the diverse interactions between HMOs and Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species reveal different candidate pathways through which HMOs, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species potentially interact to impact cognitive development in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoon Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tinu M. Samuel
- Nestle Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Tengfei Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brittany R. Howell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kristine Baluyot
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heather C. Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Tytgat HLP, Binia A, Austin S, Grathwohl D, Sprenger N. Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Important Milk Bioactives for Child Health: A Perspective. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 2023; 97:30-40. [PMID: 37023733 DOI: 10.1159/000528992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Human milk contains all nutritive and bioactive compounds to give infants the best possible start in life. Human milk bioactives cover a broad range of components, including immune cells, antimicrobial proteins, microbes, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Over the last decade, HMOs have gained special attention as their industrial production has allowed the study of their structure-function relation in reductionist experimental setups. This has shed light on how HMOs steer microbiome and immune system development in early life but also how HMOs affect infant health (e.g., antibiotic use, respiratory tract infections). We are on the verge of a new era where we can examine human milk as a complex biological system. This allows not only study of the mode of action and causality of individual human milk components but also investigation of synergistic effects that might exist between different bioactives. This new wave in human milk research is largely fueled by significant advances in analytical tools in the field of systems biology and network analysis. It will be exciting to explore how human milk composition is affected by different factors, how different human milk compounds work together, and how this influences healthy infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne L P Tytgat
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Grathwohl
- Clinical Development Research Unit, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
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Banjac J, Sprenger N, Dogra SK. Microbiome Toolbox: methodological approaches to derive and visualize microbiome trajectories. Bioinformatics 2022; 39:6873738. [PMID: 36469345 PMCID: PMC9825749 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The gut microbiome changes rapidly under the influence of different factors such as age, dietary changes or medications to name just a few. To analyze and understand such changes, we present a Microbiome Toolbox. We implemented several methods for analysis and exploration to provide interactive visualizations for easy comprehension and reporting of longitudinal microbiome data. RESULTS Based on the abundance of microbiome features such as taxa as well as functional capacity modules, and with the corresponding metadata per sample, the Microbiome Toolbox includes methods for (i) data analysis and exploration, (ii) data preparation including dataset-specific preprocessing and transformation, (iii) best feature selection for log-ratio denominators, (iv) two-group analysis, (v) microbiome trajectory prediction with feature importance over time, (vi) spline and linear regression statistical analysis for testing universality across different groups and differentiation of two trajectories, (vii) longitudinal anomaly detection on the microbiome trajectory and (viii) simulated intervention to return anomaly back to a reference trajectory. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The software tools are open source and implemented in Python. For developers interested in additional functionality of the Microbiome Toolbox, it is modular allowing for further extension with custom methods and analysis. The code, python package and the link to the interactive dashboard of Microbiome Toolbox are available on GitHub https://github.com/JelenaBanjac/microbiome-toolbox. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Banjac
- Data Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland
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Li T, Samuel TM, Zhu Z, Howell B, Cho S, Baluyot K, Hazlett H, Elison JT, Wu D, Hauser J, Sprenger N, Zhu H, Lin W. Joint analyses of human milk fatty acids, phospholipids, and choline in association with cognition and temperament traits during the first 6 months of life. Front Nutr 2022; 9:919769. [PMID: 36091236 PMCID: PMC9449418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.919769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early dietary exposure via human milk nutrients offers a window of opportunity to support cognitive and temperament development. While several studies have focused on associations of few pre-selected human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament, it is highly plausible that human milk nutrients synergistically and jointly support cognitive and behavioral development in early life. We aimed to discern the combined associations of three major classes of human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament during the first 6 months of life when human milk is the primary source of an infant’s nutrition and explore whether there were persistent effects up to 18 months old. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Infant Behavior Questionnaires—Revised were used to assess cognition and temperament, respectively, of 54 exclusively/predominantly breastfed infants in the first 6 months of life, whose follow-ups were conducted at 6–9, 9–12, and 12–18 months old. Human milk samples were obtained from the mothers of the participants at less than 6 months of age and analyzed for fatty acids [total monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, total saturated fatty acid (TSFA), arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ARA/DHA, omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (n-6/n-3)], phospholipids [phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), sphingomyelin], and choline [free choline, phosphocholine (PCho), glycerophosphocholine]. Feature selection was performed to select nutrients associated with cognition and temperament. The combined effects of selected nutrients were analyzed using multiple regression. A positive association between the arachidonic acid (ARA) and surgency was observed (p = 0.024). A significant effect of DHA, n-6/n-3, PE, and TSFA concentrations on receptive language (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.025) and the elevated ARA, PCho, and PI with increased surgency (R2 = 0.43, p = 0.003) was identified, suggesting that DHA and ARA may have distinct roles for temperament and language functions. Furthermore, the exploratory association analyses suggest that the effects of human milk nutrients on R.L. and surgency may persist beyond the first 6 months of life, particularly surgency at 12–18 months (p = 0.002). Our study highlighted that various human milk nutrients work together to support the development of cognition and temperament traits during early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tinu M. Samuel
- Nestlé Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Ziliang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brittany Howell
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Seoyoon Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kristine Baluyot
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heather Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Science, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Weili Lin,
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Martin FP, Tytgat HLP, Krogh Pedersen H, Moine D, Eklund AC, Berger B, Sprenger N. Host-microbial co-metabolites modulated by human milk oligosaccharides relate to reduced risk of respiratory tract infections. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935711. [PMID: 35990340 PMCID: PMC9386273 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally diverse oligosaccharides present in breast milk, supporting the development of the gut microbiota and immune system. Previously, 2-HMO (2'fucosyllactose, lacto-N-neotetraose) compared to control formula feeding was associated with reduced risk of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), in part linked to lower acetate and higher bifidobacteria proportions. Here, our objective was to gain further insight into additional molecular pathways linking the 2-HMO formula feeding and LRTI mitigation. From the same trial, we measured the microbiota composition and 743 known biochemical species in infant stool at 3 months of age using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted mass spectrometry metabolomics. We used multivariate analysis to identify biochemicals associated to 2-HMO formula feeding and LRTI and integrated those findings with the microbiota compositional data. Three molecular pathways stood out: increased gamma-glutamylation and N-acetylation of amino acids and decreased inflammatory signaling lipids. Integration of stool metagenomic data revealed some Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species to be implicated. These findings deepen our understanding of the infant gut/microbiome co-metabolism in early life and provide evidence for how such metabolic changes may influence immune competence at distant mucosal sites such as the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Pierre Martin
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hanne L P Tytgat
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Deborah Moine
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bosheva M, Tokodi I, Krasnow A, Pedersen HK, Lukjancenko O, Eklund AC, Grathwohl D, Sprenger N, Berger B, Cercamondi CI. Infant Formula With a Specific Blend of Five Human Milk Oligosaccharides Drives the Gut Microbiota Development and Improves Gut Maturation Markers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:920362. [PMID: 35873420 PMCID: PMC9298649 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.920362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important biological functions for a healthy development in early life. Objective This study aimed to investigate gut maturation effects of an infant formula containing five HMOs (2′-fucosyllactose, 2′,3-di-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3′-sialyllactose, and 6′-sialyllactose). Methods In a multicenter study, healthy infants (7–21 days old) were randomly assigned to a standard cow’s milk-based infant formula (control group, CG); the same formula with 1.5 g/L HMOs (test group 1, TG1); or with 2.5 g/L HMOs (test group 2, TG2). A human milk-fed group (HMG) was enrolled as a reference. Fecal samples collected at baseline (n∼150/formula group; HMG n = 60), age 3 (n∼140/formula group; HMG n = 65) and 6 (n∼115/formula group; HMG n = 60) months were analyzed for microbiome (shotgun metagenomics), metabolism, and biomarkers. Results At both post-baseline visits, weighted UniFrac analysis indicated different microbiota compositions in the two test groups (TGs) compared to CG (P < 0.01) with coordinates closer to that of HMG. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) was higher in TGs vs. CG (P < 0.05; except at 6 months: TG2 vs. CG P = 0.083). Bifidobacterium abundance was higher by ∼45% in TGs vs. CG at 6-month approaching HMG. At both post-baseline visits, toxigenic Clostridioides difficile abundance was 75–85% lower in TGs vs. CG (P < 0.05) and comparable with HMG. Fecal pH was significantly lower in TGs vs. CG, and the overall organic acid profile was different in TGs vs. CG, approaching HMG. At 3 months, TGs (vs. CG) had higher secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and lower alpha-1-antitrypsin (P < 0.05). At 6 months, sIgA in TG2 vs. CG remained higher (P < 0.05), and calprotectin was lower in TG1 (P < 0.05) vs. CG. Conclusion Infant formula with a specific blend of five HMOs supports the development of the intestinal immune system and gut barrier function and shifts the gut microbiome closer to that of breastfed infants with higher bifidobacteria, particularly B. infantis, and lower toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. Clinical Trial Registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/], identifier [NCT03722550].
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Bosheva
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, St. George Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Istvan Tokodi
- Infant and Children’s Department, St. George’s Hospital, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Bernard Berger,
| | - Colin I. Cercamondi
- Nestlé Product Technology Center – Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
| | - 5 HMO Study Investigator ConsortiumBauerViktorArciszewskaMalgorzataTarnevaMariaPopovaIrinaDosevSvilenDimitrovaSirmaNikolovaOlgaNowakMarzenaSzuflinska-SidorowiczMagdalenaKorczowskiBartoszKarcheva-BeloevaRositsaBanovStefanCimoszkoBoguslawaOlechowskiWieslawSimkoRobertTengelyiZsuzsannaKorbalPiotrZolnowskaMartaBilevAntonVasilopoulosGeorgiosKorzynskaSylwiaLakiIstvánKoleva-SyarovaMargaritaGrigorovToniKraevaSteliyanaKovácsÉvaMarkovaRadaJasieniak-PinisGrazynaFisterKatalinStoevaTatyanaDr. Kenessey Albert Hospital and Clinic, Balassagyarmat, Hungary; Polyclinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Arciszewscy, Bialystok, Poland; University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment Deva Mariya—Neonatology, Burgas, Bulgaria; Medical Center Prolet—Pediatrics department, Ruse, Bulgaria; Medical Center Excelsior, Sofia, Bulgaria; Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment Sveti Ivan Rilski, Kozloduy, Bulgaria; Medical Center PROMED, Krakow, Poland; Medical Center Pratia Warszawa, Warszawa, Poland; College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland; Medical Center-1, Sevlievo, Bulgaria; Individual Practice for Specialized Medical Assistance, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; Primary Health Care Clinic Clinical Vitae, Gdansk, Poland; ALERGO-MED Specialist Medical Clinic, Tarnow, Poland; Futurenest Clinical Research, Miskolc, Hungary; Medical Center Clinexpert, Budapest, Hungary; Dr. Jan Biziel’s University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Plejady Medical Center, Krakow, Poland; Medical Center Sveti Ivan Rilski Chudotvorets, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria; Center of Innovative Therapies, Piaseczno, Poland; Medical Center Pratia Ostroleka, Ostroleka, Poland; Kanizsai Dorottya Hospital, Nagykanizsa, Hungary; Diagnostic Consultative Center Ritam, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment Sveti Georgi, Montana, Bulgaria; Alitera Medical Centre, Sofia, Bulgaria; Family Pediatric Surgery/Babadoki Ltd., Szeged, Hungary; Policlinic Bulgaria—Department of pediatrics; Sofia, Bulgaria; Non-public Health Care Institution Specialist Clinics ATOPIA, Krakow, Poland; Bugát Pál Hospital—Department of Pediatrics, Gyöngyös, Hungary; Medical Center—Izgrev Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria.
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9
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Alliet P, Vandenplas Y, Roggero P, Jespers SNJ, Peeters S, Stalens JP, Kortman GAM, Amico M, Berger B, Sprenger N, Cercamondi CI, Corsello G. Safety and efficacy of a probiotic-containing infant formula supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2022; 21:11. [PMID: 35193609 PMCID: PMC8862345 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important and diverse biological functions in early life. This study tested the safety and efficacy of a starter infant formula containing Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri DSM 17938 and supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL). METHODS Healthy infants < 14 days old (n = 289) were randomly assigned to a bovine milk-based formula containing L. reuteri DSM 17938 at 1 × 107 CFU/g (control group; CG) or the same formula with added 1.0 g/L 2'FL (experimental group; EG) until 6 months of age. A non-randomized breastfed group served as reference (BF; n = 60). The primary endpoint was weight gain through 4 months of age in the formula-fed infants. Secondary endpoints included additional anthropometric measures, gastrointestinal tolerance, stooling characteristics, adverse events (AEs), fecal microbiota and metabolism, and gut immunity and health biomarkers in all feeding groups. RESULTS Weight gain in EG was non-inferior to CG as shown by a mean difference [95% CI] of 0.26 [-1.26, 1.79] g/day with the lower bound of the 95% CI above the non-inferiority margin (-3 g/day). Anthropometric Z-scores, parent-reported stooling characteristics, gastrointestinal symptoms and associated behaviors, and AEs were comparable between formula groups. Redundancy analysis indicated that the microbiota composition in EG was different from CG at age 2 (p = 0.050) and 3 months (p = 0.052), approaching BF. Similarly, between sample phylogenetic distance (weighted UniFrac) for BF vs EG was smaller than for BF vs CG at 3-month age (p = 0.045). At age 1 month, Clostridioides difficile counts were significantly lower in EG than CG. Bifidobacterium relative abundance in EG tracked towards that in BF. Fecal biomarkers and metabolic profile were comparable between CG and EG. CONCLUSION L. reuteri-containing infant formula with 2'FL supports age-appropriate growth, is well-tolerated and may play a role in shifting the gut microbial pattern towards that of breastfed infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03090360 ) on 24/03/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paola Roggero
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Mailis Amico
- Biostatistics & Data, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colin I Cercamondi
- Nestlé Product Technology Center - Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland.
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infant Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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10
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Sprenger N, Tytgat HL, Binia A, Austin S, Singhal A. Biology of human milk oligosaccharides: from Basic Science to Clinical Evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:280-299. [PMID: 35040200 PMCID: PMC9304252 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been researched by scientists for over 100 years, driven by the substantial evidence for the nutritional and health benefits of mother's milk. Yet research has truly bloomed during the last decade, thanks to the progress in biotechnology, which allowed the production of large amounts of bona fide HMOs. The availability of HMOs has been particularly crucial for the renewed interest in HMO research because of the low abundance or even absence of HMOs in farmed animal milk. This interest is reflected in the increasing number of original research publications and reviews on HMOs. Here, we provide an overview and critical discussion on structure function relations of HMOs that highlight why they are such interesting and important components of human milk. Clinical observations in breastfed infants backed by basic research from animal models provide guidance as to what physiological roles for HMOs are to be expected. From an evidence-based nutrition viewpoint, we discuss the current data supporting clinical relevance of specific HMOs based on randomized placebo controlled clinical intervention trials in formula-fed infants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hanne Lp Tytgat
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Atul Singhal
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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11
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Binia A, Siegwald L, Sultana S, Shevlyakova M, Lefebvre G, Foata F, Combremont S, Charpagne A, Vidal K, Sprenger N, Rahman M, Palleja A, Eklund AC, Nielsen HB, Brüssow H, Sarker SA, Sakwinska O. The Influence of FUT2 and FUT3 Polymorphisms and Nasopharyngeal Microbiome on Respiratory Infections in Breastfed Bangladeshi Infants from the Microbiota and Health Study. mSphere 2021; 6:e0068621. [PMID: 34756056 PMCID: PMC8579893 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00686-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. The aim of our study was to examine whether variation in maternal FUT2 (α1,2-fucosyltransferase 2) and FUT3 (α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase 3) genes, which shape fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk, are associated with the occurrence of ARIs in breastfed infants as well as the influence of the nasopharyngeal microbiome on ARI risk. Occurrences of ARIs were prospectively recorded in a cohort of 240 breastfed Bangladeshi infants from birth to 2 years. Secretor and Lewis status was established by sequencing of FUT2/3 genes. The nasopharyngeal microbiome was characterized by shotgun metagenomics, complemented by specific detection of respiratory pathogens; 88.6% of mothers and 91% of infants were identified as secretors. Maternal secretor status was associated with reduced ARI incidence among these infants in the period from birth to 6 months (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.94; P = 0.020), but not at later time periods. The nasopharyngeal microbiome, despite precise characterization to the species level, was not predictive of subsequent ARIs. The observed risk reduction of ARIs among infants of secretor mothers during the predominant breastfeeding period is consistent with the hypothesis that fucosylated oligosaccharides in human milk contribute to protection against respiratory infections. However, we found no evidence that modulation of the nasopharyngeal microbiome influenced ARI risk. IMPORTANCE The observed risk reduction of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among infants of secretor mothers during the predominant breastfeeding period is consistent with the hypothesis that fucosylated oligosaccharides in human milk contribute to protection against respiratory infections. Respiratory pathogens were only weak modulators of risk, and the nasopharyngeal microbiome did not influence ARI risk, suggesting that the associated protective effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are not conveyed via changes in the nasopharyngeal microbiome. Our observations add to the evidence for a role of fucosylated HMOs in protection against respiratory infections in exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants in low-resource settings. There is no indication that the nasopharyngeal microbiome substantially modulates the risk of subsequent mild ARIs. Larger studies are needed to provide mechanistic insights on links between secretor status, HMOs, and risk of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shamima Sultana
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahbubar Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Shafiqul Alam Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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12
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Marousez L, Sprenger N, De Lamballerie M, Jaramillo-Ortiz S, Tran L, Micours E, Gottrand F, Howsam M, Tessier FJ, Ley D, Lesage J. High hydrostatic pressure processing of human milk preserves milk oligosaccharides and avoids formation of Maillard reaction products. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:1-8. [PMID: 34861623 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing is a non-thermal method proposed as an alternative to Holder pasteurization (HoP) for the treatment of human milk. HHP preserves numerous milk bioactive components that are degraded by HoP, but no data are available for milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or the formation of Maillard reaction products, which may be deleterious for preterm newborns. METHODS We evaluated the impact of HHP processing of human milk on 22 HMOs measured by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and on furosine, lactuloselysine, carboxymethyllysine (CML) and carboxyethyllysine (CEL) measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS), four established indicators of the Maillard reaction. Human raw milk was sterilized by HoP (62.5 °C for 30 min) or processed by HHP (350 MPa at 38 °C). RESULTS Neither HHP nor HoP processing affected the concentration of HMOs, but HoP significantly increased furosine, lactuloselysine, CML and CEL levels in milk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that HPP treatment preserves HMOs and avoids formation of Maillard reaction products. Our study confirms and extends previous findings that HHP treatment of human milk provides safe milk, with fewer detrimental effects on the biochemically active milk components than HoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marousez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarahi Jaramillo-Ortiz
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Léa Tran
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Edwina Micours
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children's Hospital, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michael Howsam
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frederic J Tessier
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Ley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children's Hospital, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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13
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Menzel P, Vogel M, Austin S, Sprenger N, Grafe N, Hilbert C, Jurkutat A, Kiess W, Binia A. Concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk and child growth. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:481. [PMID: 34717578 PMCID: PMC8556924 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and child growth has been investigated only insufficiently with ambiguous results. Therefore, this study examines potential influencing factors of HMO concentrations and how HMO are associated with child growth parameters. METHODS Milk samples from the German LIFE Child cohort of healthy children were analyzed for 9 HMO. Putative associations with maternal and child cofactors and child height, head circumference and BMI between 3 months and 7 years of age were examined. Secretor status, defined as the presence of 2'-fucosyllactose, was investigated for associations with infant outcomes. RESULTS Our population consisted of 21 (14.7%) non-secretor and 122 (85.3%) secretor mothers. Maternal age was significantly associated with higher 3'SL concentrations; gestational age was associated with LNT, 6'SL and LNFP-I. Pre-pregnancy BMI was negatively associated with LNnT only in non-secretors. The growth velocity of non-secretors' children was inversely associated with LNnT at 3 months to 1 year (R = 0.95 [0.90, 0.99], p = 0.014), 1 to 2 years (R = 0.80 [0.72, 0.88], p < 0.001) and 5 to 6 years (R = 0.71 [0.57, 0.87], p = 0.002). 2'FL was negatively associated with BMI consistently, reaching statistical significance at 3 months and 4 and 5 years. Children of non-secretors showed higher BMI at 3 months, 6 months, and 3, 6, and 7 years of age. CONCLUSION We found that some associations between HMO and infant growth may extend beyond the infancy and breastfeeding periods. They highlight the importance of both maternal and infant parameters in the understanding of the underlying associations. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02550236 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Menzel
- Leipzig University, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, LIFE Child, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Leipzig University, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, LIFE Child, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Department of Women and Child Health, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Route du Jorat 57, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Route du Jorat 57, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nico Grafe
- Leipzig University, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, LIFE Child, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Department of Women and Child Health, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Hilbert
- Leipzig University, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, LIFE Child, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Department of Women and Child Health, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Jurkutat
- Leipzig University, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, LIFE Child, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Department of Women and Child Health, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Leipzig University, Leipzig University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, LIFE Child, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Department of Women and Child Health, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Route du Jorat 57, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Estorninos E, Lawenko RB, Palestroque E, Sprenger N, Benyacoub J, Kortman GAM, Boekhorst J, Bettler J, Cercamondi CI, Berger B. Term infant formula supplemented with milk-derived oligosaccharides shifts the gut microbiota closer to that of human milk-fed infants and improves intestinal immune defense: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:142-153. [PMID: 34617558 PMCID: PMC8755036 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides (MOS) containing primarily galacto-oligosaccharides with inherent concentrations of sialylated oligosaccharides can be added to infant formula to enhance the oligosaccharide profile. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of an MOS-supplemented infant formula on gut microbiota and intestinal immunity. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, healthy term formula-fed infants aged 21-26 d either received an intact protein cow milk-based formula (control group, CG, n = 112) or the same formula containing 7.2 g MOS/L (experimental group, EG, n = 114) until the age of 6 mo. Exclusively human milk-fed infants (HFI, n = 70) from an observational study served as the reference. Fecal samples collected at baseline, and the ages of 2.5 and 4 mo were assessed for microbiota (16S ribosomal RNA-based approaches), metabolites, and biomarkers of gut health and immune response. RESULTS Aged 2.5 and 4 mo, redundancy analysis (P = 0.002) and average phylogenetic distance (P < 0.05) showed that the overall microbiota composition in EG was different from CG and closer to that of HFI. Similarly, EG caesarean-born infants were different from CG caesarean- or vaginally born infants and approaching HFI vaginally born infants. Relative bifidobacteria abundance was higher in EG compared with CG (P < 0.05) approaching HFI. At the age of 4 mo, counts of Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens were ∼90% (P < 0.001) and ∼65% (P < 0.01) lower in EG compared with CG, respectively. Geometric LS mean (95% CI) fecal secretory IgA in EG was twice that of CG [70 (57, 85) compared with 34 (28, 42) mg/g, P < 0.001] and closer to HFI. Fecal oral polio vaccine-specific IgA was ∼50% higher in EG compared with CG (P = 0.065). Compared with CG, EG and HFI had lower fecal calcium excretion (by ∼30%, P < 0.005) and fecal pH (P < 0.001), and higher lactate concentration (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Infant formula with MOS shifts the gut microbiota and metabolic signature closer to that of HFI, has a strong bifidogenic effect, reduces fecal pathogens, and improves the intestinal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Jodi Bettler
- Nestlé Product Technology Center—Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Dogra SK, Cheong Kwong C, Wang D, Sakwinska O, Colombo Mottaz S, Sprenger N. Nurturing the Early Life Gut Microbiome and Immune Maturation for Long Term Health. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2110. [PMID: 34683431 PMCID: PMC8537230 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life is characterized by developmental milestones such as holding up the head, turning over, sitting up and walking that are typically achieved sequentially in specific time windows. Similarly, the early gut microbiome maturation can be characterized by specific temporal microorganism acquisition, colonization and selection with differential functional features over time. This orchestrated microbial sequence occurs from birth during the first years of age before the microbiome reaches an adult-like composition and function between 3 and 5 years of age. Increasingly, these different steps of microbiome development are recognized as crucial windows of opportunity for long term health, primarily linked to appropriate immune and metabolic development. For instance, microbiome disruptors such as preterm and Cesarean-section birth, malnutrition and antibiotic use are associated with increased risk to negatively affect long-term immune and metabolic health. Different age discriminant microbiome taxa and functionalities are used to describe age-appropriate microbiome development, and advanced modelling techniques enable an understanding and visualization of an optimal microbiome maturation trajectory. Specific microbiome features can be related to later health conditions, however, whether such features have a causal relationship is the topic of intense research. Early life nutrition is an important microbiome modulator, and 'Mother Nature' provides the model with breast milk as the sole source of nutrition for the early postnatal period, while dietary choices during the prenatal and weaning period are to a large extent guided by tradition and culture. Increasing evidence suggests prenatal maternal diet and infant and child nutrition impact the infant microbiome trajectory and immune competence development. The lack of a universal feeding reference for such phases represents a knowledge gap, but also a great opportunity to provide adequate nutritional guidance to maintain an age-appropriate microbiome for long term health. Here, we provide a narrative review and perspective on our current understanding of age-appropriate microbiome maturation, its relation to long term health and how nutrition shapes and influences this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (S.K.D.); (K.C.C.); (D.W.); (O.S.); (S.C.M.)
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16
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Binia A, Lavalle L, Chen C, Austin S, Agosti M, Al-Jashi I, Pereira AB, Costeira MJ, Silva MG, Marchini G, Martínez-Costa C, Stiris T, Stoicescu SM, Vanpée M, Rakza T, Billeaud C, Picaud JC, Domellöf M, Adams R, Castaneda-Gutierrez E, Sprenger N. Human milk oligosaccharides, infant growth, and adiposity over the first 4 months of lactation. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:684-693. [PMID: 33446921 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and infant growth and adiposity is not fully understood and comprehensive studies are missing from the current literature. METHODS We screened and recruited 370 healthy, pregnant women and their infants from seven European countries. Breastmilk samples were collected using standardized procedures at six time points over 4 months, as were infant parameters. Correlations and associations between HMO area under the curve, anthropometric data, and fat mass at 4 months were tested. RESULTS Lacto-N-neotetraose had a negative correlation with the change in length (rs = -0.18, P = 0.02). Sialyllacto-N-tetraose c (LSTc) had a positive correlation with weight for length (rs = 0.19, P = 0.015). Infants at the 25th upper percentile were fed milk higher in 3'-sialyllactose and LSTc (P = 0.017 and P = 0.006, respectively) compared to the lower 25th percentile of the weight-for-length z-score gain over 4 months of lactation. No significant associations between growth and body composition and Lewis or secretor-dependent HMOs like 2'-fucosyllactose were identified. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the HMO composition of breastmilk during the first 4 months appear to have little influence on infant growth and body composition in this cohort of healthy mothers and infants. IMPACT Modest associations exist between individual HMO and infant growth outcomes at least in healthy growing populations. Our study provides a comprehensive investigation of associations between all major HMO and infant growth and adiposity including several time points. Certain groups of HMOs, like the sialylated, may be associated with adiposity during the first months of lactation. HMO may modulate the risk of future metabolic disease. Future population studies need to address the role of specific groups of HMOs in the context of health and disease to understand the long-term impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Lavalle
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheng Chen
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Isam Al-Jashi
- Al Jashi Isam Private Med. Practice, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thameur Rakza
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Adams
- Cultivate: Nutrition Content + Strategy, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Han SM, Derraik JGB, Binia A, Sprenger N, Vickers MH, Cutfield WS. Maternal and Infant Factors Influencing Human Milk Oligosaccharide Composition: Beyond Maternal Genetics. J Nutr 2021; 151:1383-1393. [PMID: 33768224 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal genetics is a key determinant of human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition in human milk. Beyond genetic status, other factors influencing the HMO profile are poorly defined. Thus, we aimed to review the existing evidence on the associations between nongenetic maternal and infant factors and HMO composition. A systematic search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science (without a time restriction) to identify any relevant studies published. In total, 1056 results were obtained, of which 29 articles were selected to be included in this review. The range of factors investigated include lactation stage, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), maternal age, parity, maternal diet, mode of delivery, infant gestational age, and infant sex. The data suggest that, beyond maternal genetics, HMO composition seems to be influenced by all these factors, but the underlining mechanisms remain speculative. The published evidence is discussed in this review, along with potential implications for infant growth and development. For example, 2'-fucosyllactose, which was reportedly increased in mothers with higher ppBMIs, was also associated with increased infant weight and height. In addition, greater levels of sialylated HMOs after preterm birth may support brain development in these infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Han
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start-National Science Challenge, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Cho S, Zhu Z, Li T, Baluyot K, Howell BR, Hazlett HC, Elison JT, Hauser J, Sprenger N, Wu D, Lin W. Human milk 3'-Sialyllactose is positively associated with language development during infancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:588-597. [PMID: 34020453 PMCID: PMC8326052 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms leading to variations in human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition have been reported. Alpha-Tetrasaccharide (A-tetra), an HMO, has been shown to only be present (>limit of detection; A-tetra+) in the human milk (HM) of women with blood type A, suggesting genetic origins determining the presence or absence (A-tetra-) of A-tetra in HM. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether associations exist between HMO concentrations and cognitive development, and whether the associations vary between A-tetra+ and A-tetra- groups in children (<25 months old). METHODS We enrolled typically developing children (2-25 months old; mean, 10 months old) who were at least partially breastfed at the study visit. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) were used as the primary outcome measure to assess early cognitive development. Linear mixed effects models were employed by stratifying children based on A-tetra levels (A-tetra+ or A-tetra-) to assess associations between age-removed HMO concentrations and both MSEL composite scores and the 5 subdomain scores. RESULTS A total of 99 mother-child dyads and 183 HM samples were included (A-tetra+: 57 samples, 33 dyads; A-tetra-: 126 samples, 66 dyads). No significant association was observed between HMOs and MSEL when all samples were analyzed together. The composite score and 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) levels were positively associated [P = 0.002; effect size (EF), 13.12; 95% CI, 5.36-20.80] in the A-tetra + group. This association was driven by the receptive (adjusted P = 0.015; EF, 9.95; 95% CI, 3.91-15.99) and expressive (adjusted P = 0.048; EF, 7.53; 95% CI, 2.51-13.79) language subdomain scores. Furthermore, there was an interaction between 3'-SL and age for receptive language (adjusted P = 0.03; EF, -14.93; 95% CI, -25.29 to -4.24). CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the association of 3'-SL and cognition, particularly language functions, in typically developing children who received HM containing detectable A-tetra during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoon Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ziliang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristine Baluyot
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brittany R Howell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion (VTC), Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Heather C Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jed T Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Science, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Address correspondence to WL (e-mail: )
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19
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Van den Abbeele P, Sprenger N, Ghyselinck J, Marsaux B, Marzorati M, Rochat F. A Comparison of the In Vitro Effects of 2'Fucosyllactose and Lactose on the Composition and Activity of Gut Microbiota from Infants and Toddlers. Nutrients 2021; 13:726. [PMID: 33668823 PMCID: PMC7996240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the recognized health benefits of breast milk, it is recommended as the sole nutrition source during the first 6 months of life. Among the bioactive components are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that exert part of their activity via the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the gut microbiota fermentation of HMO 2'fucosyllactose (2'-FL), using two in vitro models (48 h fecal incubations and the long-term mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem [M-SHIME®]) with fecal samples from 3-month-old breastfed (BF) infants as well as 2-3 year old toddlers. The short-term model allowed the screening of five donors for each group and provided supportive data for the M-SHIME® study. A key finding was the strong and immediate increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae following 2'-FL fermentation by both the BF infant and toddler microbiota in the M-SHIME®. At the metabolic level, while decreasing branched-chain fatty acids, 2'-FL strongly increased acetate production together with increases in the health-related propionate and butyrate whilst gas production only mildly increased. Notably, consistently lower gas production was observed with 2'-FL fermentation as compared to lactose, suggesting that reduced discomfort during the dynamic microbiome establishment in early life may be an advantage along with the bifidogenic effect observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jonas Ghyselinck
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.)
| | - Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Florence Rochat
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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20
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Hauser J, Pisa E, Arias Vásquez A, Tomasi F, Traversa A, Chiodi V, Martin FP, Sprenger N, Lukjancenko O, Zollinger A, Metairon S, Schneider N, Steiner P, Martire A, Caputo V, Macrì S. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides program cognitive development through a non-genomic transmission mode. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2854-2871. [PMID: 33664475 PMCID: PMC8505264 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breastmilk contains bioactive molecules essential for brain and cognitive development. While sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been implicated in phenotypic programming, their selective role and underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Here, we investigated the long-term consequences of a selective lactational deprivation of a specific sialylated HMO in mice. We capitalized on a knock-out (KO) mouse model (B6.129-St6gal1tm2Jxm/J) lacking the gene responsible for the synthesis of sialyl(alpha2,6)lactose (6'SL), one of the two sources of sialic acid (Neu5Ac) to the lactating offspring. Neu5Ac is involved in the formation of brain structures sustaining cognition. To deprive lactating offspring of 6'SL, we cross-fostered newborn wild-type (WT) pups to KO dams, which provide 6'SL-deficient milk. To test whether lactational 6'SL deprivation affects cognitive capabilities in adulthood, we assessed attention, perseveration, and memory. To detail the associated endophenotypes, we investigated hippocampal electrophysiology, plasma metabolomics, and gut microbiota composition. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we assessed gene expression (at eye-opening and in adulthood) in two brain regions mediating executive functions and memory (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, PFC). Compared to control mice, WT offspring deprived of 6'SL during lactation exhibited consistent alterations in all cognitive functions addressed, hippocampal electrophysiology, and in pathways regulating the serotonergic system (identified through gut microbiota and plasma metabolomics). These were associated with a site- (PFC) and time-specific (eye-opening) reduced expression of genes involved in central nervous system development. Our data suggest that 6'SL in maternal milk adjusts cognitive development through a short-term upregulation of genes modulating neuronal patterning in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hauser
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Pisa
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Arias Vásquez
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Flavio Tomasi
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Traversa
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG Italy
| | - Valentina Chiodi
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francois-Pierre Martin
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alix Zollinger
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nora Schneider
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steiner
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Martire
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Caputo
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Macrì
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Lefebvre G, Shevlyakova M, Charpagne A, Marquis J, Vogel M, Kirsten T, Kiess W, Austin S, Sprenger N, Binia A. Time of Lactation and Maternal Fucosyltransferase Genetic Polymorphisms Determine the Variability in Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Front Nutr 2020; 7:574459. [PMID: 33195368 PMCID: PMC7658960 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) vary among mothers and genetic factors contribute to this variability. We assessed changes in HMO concentrations during the first year of lactation and the relationship with FUT2 Secretor group and FUT3 Lewis group defining genetic polymorphisms. Methods: Milk samples were collected from lactating mothers participating in the LIFE Child cohort in Leipzig, Germany. The concentrations of 24 HMOs in milk samples collected at 3 months (N = 156), 6 months (N = 122), and 12 months (N = 28) were measured using liquid chromatography. Concentrations of HMOs were compared at all time-points and were tested for their associations with FUT2 and FUT3 genetic variations by sPLS regression. Results: FUT2 SNP rs601338 was found to predominantly define the Secretor status Se-: 11.8% and it was highly correlated with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL, p < 0.001) and lacto-N-fucosylpentaose-I (LNFP-I, p < 0.001). FUT3 SNPs rs28362459 and rs812936 were found to define Lewis status (Le-: 5.9%) and correlated with lacto-N-fucosylpentaose-II (LNFP-II, p < 0.001). A polygenic score predicted the abundance of 2'FL levels within Secretors' milk (adj. R 2 = 0.58, p < 0.001). Mean concentrations of most of the individual HMOs, as well as the sums of the measured HMOs, the fucosylated HMOs, and the neutral HMOs were lower at 6 and 12 months compared to 3 months (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Secretor and Lewis status defined by specific FUT2 and FUT3 SNPs are confirmed to be good proxies for specific individual HMOs and milk group variabilities. The polygenic score developed here is an opportunity for clinicians to predict 2'FL levels in milk of future mothers. These results show opportunities to strengthen our understanding of factors controlling FUT2 and FUT3 functionality, the temporal changes and variability of HMO composition during lactation and eventually their significance for infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lefebvre
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Shevlyakova
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Marquis
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Sean Austin
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aristea Binia
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Foata F, Sprenger N, Rochat F, Damak S. Activation of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR35 by human milk oligosaccharides through different pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16117. [PMID: 32999316 PMCID: PMC7528069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous benefits of breastfeeding over infant formula are fully established. The superiority of human milk over bovine milk-based formula is partly due to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), a family of over 100 molecules present specifically and substantially in human milk that resemble mucosal glycans. To uncover novel physiological functions and pathways of HMOs, we screened a panel of 165 G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) using a blend of 6 HMOs (3'-O-sialyllactose (3'SL), 6'-O-sialyllactose (6'SL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neo-tetraose (LNnT), 2-O-fucosyllactose (2'FL), and difucosyllactose (diFL)), and followed up positive hits with standard receptor assays. The HMO blend specifically activated GPR35. LNT and 6'SL individually activated GPR35, and they showed synergy when used together. In addition, in vitro fermentation of infant stool samples showed that 2'FL upregulates the production of the GPR35 agonist kynurenic acid (KYNA) by the microbiota. LNT + 6'SL and KYNA showed additive activation of GPR35. Activation by 6'SL and LNT of GPR35, a receptor mediating attenuation of pain and colitis, is to our knowledge the first demonstration of GPCR activation by any HMO. In addition, we demonstrated a remarkable cooperation between nutrition and microbiota towards activation of a host receptor highlighting the close interplay between environment and host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Foata
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Florence Rochat
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Sami Damak
- Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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23
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Michel L, Shevlyakova M, Ní Cléirigh E, Eckhardt E, Holvoet S, Nutten S, Sprenger N, Körner A, Vogel M, Nembrini C, Kiess W, Blanchard C. Novel approach to visualize the inter-dependencies between maternal sensitization, breast milk immune components and human milk oligosaccharides in the LIFE Child cohort. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230472. [PMID: 32315306 PMCID: PMC7173766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have shown that specific components of breast milk, considered separately, are associated with disease status in the mother or the child using univariate analyses. However, very few studies have considered multivariate analysis approaches to evaluate the relationship between multiple breast milk components simultaneously. Aim Here we aimed at visualizing breast milk component complex interactions in the context of the allergy status of the mother or the child. Methods Milk samples were collected from lactating mothers participating in the Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationskrankheiten (LIFE) Child cohort in Leipzig, Germany. A total of 156 breast milk samples, collected at 3 months after birth from mother/infant pairs, were analyzed for 51 breast milk components. Correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and graphical discovery analysis were used. Result Correlations ranging from 0.40 to 0.96 were observed between breast milk fatty acid and breast milk phospholipids levels and correlations ranging from 0 to 0.76 between specific human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) were observed. No separation of the data based on the risk of allergy in the infants was identified using PCA. When graphical discovery analysis was used, dependencies between maternal plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and the breast milk immune marker transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-ß2), between TGF-ß2, breast milk immunoglobulin A (IgA) and TGF-ß1 as well as between breast milk total protein and birth weight were observed. Graphical discovery analysis also exemplifies a possible competition for the fucosyl group between 2’FL, LNFP-I and 3’FL in the HMO group. Additionally, dependencies between immune component IgA and specific HMO (6’SL and blood group A antigen tetraose type 5 or PI-HMO) were identified. Conclusion Graphical discovery analysis applied to complex matrices such as breast milk composition can aid in understanding the complexity of interactions between breast milk components and possible relations to health parameters in the mother or the infant. This approach can lead to novel discoveries in the context of health and diseases such as allergy. Our study thus represents the first attempt to visualize the complexity and the inter-dependency of breast milk components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Michel
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Erik Eckhardt
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Nutten
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Antje Körner
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Wieland Kiess
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carine Blanchard
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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24
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Samuel TM, Binia A, de Castro CA, Thakkar SK, Billeaud C, Agosti M, Al-Jashi I, Costeira MJ, Marchini G, Martínez-Costa C, Picaud JC, Stiris T, Stoicescu SM, Vanpeé M, Domellöf M, Austin S, Sprenger N. Impact of maternal characteristics on human milk oligosaccharide composition over the first 4 months of lactation in a cohort of healthy European mothers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11767. [PMID: 31409852 PMCID: PMC6692355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition varies among lactating mothers and changes during the course of lactation period. Interindividual variation is largely driven by fucosyltransferase (FUT2 and FUT3) polymorphisms resulting in 4 distinct milk groups. Little is known regarding whether maternal physiological status contributes to HMO variability. We characterized the trajectories of 20 major HMOs and explored whether maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), mode of delivery, or parity may affect milk HMO composition. Using longitudinal breastmilk samples from healthy mothers (n = 290) across 7 European countries, we characterized HMO composion and employed mixed linear models to explore associations of maternal characteristics with individual HMOs. We observed HMO-specific temporal trajectories and milk group dependencies. We observed relatively small but significant differences in HMO concentrations based on maternal ppBMI, mode of delivery and parity. Our findings suggest that HMO composition to be regulated time-dependently by an enzyme as well as substrate availability and that ppBMI, mode of delivery, and parity may influence maternal physiology to affect glycosylation marginally within the initital period of lactation. Our observational study is the largest European standardized and longitudinal (up to 4 months) milk collection study assessing HMO concentrations and basic maternal characteristics. Time of lactation and milk groups had the biggest impact on HMO variation. Future studies need to elucidate these observations and assess the physiological significance for the breastfed infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinu Mary Samuel
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sagar K Thakkar
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Isam Al-Jashi
- Al Jashi Isam Private Med. Practice, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland.
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25
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Austin S, De Castro CA, Sprenger N, Binia A, Affolter M, Garcia-Rodenas CL, Beauport L, Tolsa JF, Fischer Fumeaux CJ. Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Mothers Delivering Term versus Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061282. [PMID: 31195757 PMCID: PMC6627155 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major component of human milk, and play an important role in protecting the infant from infections. Preterm infants are particularly vulnerable, but have improved outcomes if fed with human milk. This study aimed to determine if the HMO composition of preterm milk differed from that of term milk at equivalent stage of lactation and equivalent postmenstrual age. In all, 22 HMOs were analyzed in 500 samples of milk from 25 mothers breastfeeding very preterm infants (< 32 weeks of gestational age, < 1500 g of birthweight) and 28 mothers breastfeeding term infants. The concentrations of most HMOs were comparable at equivalent postpartum age. However, HMOs containing α-1,2-linked fucose were reduced in concentration in preterm milk during the first month of lactation. The concentrations of a number of sialylated oligosaccharides were also different in preterm milk, in particular 3′-sialyllactose concentrations were elevated. At equivalent postmenstrual age, the concentrations of a number of HMOs were significantly different in preterm compared to term milk. The largest differences manifest around 40 weeks of postmenstrual age, when the milk of term infants contains the highest concentrations of HMOs. The observed differences warrant further investigation in view of their potential clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Austin
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Carlos A De Castro
- Nestle Research Singapore, 29 Quality Road, 618802 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Affolter
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Lydie Beauport
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Sprenger N, Binia A, Austin S. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Factors Affecting Their Composition and Their Physiological Significance. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 2019; 90:43-56. [PMID: 30865976 DOI: 10.1159/000490292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are elongations of the milk sugar lactose by galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose; and sialic acid. The HMO composition of breast milk is strongly influenced by polymorphisms of the maternal fucosyltransferases, FUT2 and FUT3, and by the stage of lactation. Clinical observational studies with breastfed infant-mother dyads associate specific HMOs with infant gut microbiota, morbidity, infectious diarrhea, and allergies. Observational and basic research data suggest that HMOs influence the establishment of early-life microbiota and mucosal immunity and inhibit pathogens, thereby contributing to protection from infections. Clinical intervention trials with infant formula supplemented with the single HMO, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), or with 2 HMOs, 2'FL and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), demonstrated that they allow for age-appropriate growth and are well tolerated. A priori defined exploratory outcomes related feeding an infant formula with 2 HMOs to fewer reported illnesses of the lower respiratory tract and reduced need for antibiotics during the first year of life compared to feeding a control formula. In parallel, early-life microbiota composition shifted towards that of breastfed infants. Together, HMOs likely contribute to immune protection in part through their effect on early-life gut microbiota, findings that warrant further clinical research to improve our understanding of HMO biology and significance for infant nutrition.
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Rudloff S, Kuntz S, Ostenfeldt Rasmussen S, Roggenbuck M, Sprenger N, Kunz C, Sangild PT, Brandt Bering S. Metabolism of Milk Oligosaccharides in Preterm Pigs Sensitive to Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Front Nutr 2019; 6:23. [PMID: 30931310 PMCID: PMC6424005 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are major components of breast milk that may have local effects in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic functions after being absorbed, both depending on their metabolism. Using preterm pigs, we investigated the metabolic fate of HMO in three experiments with two different HMO blends. In addition, we examined effects on the colonic microbiota in the presence or absence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Thus, preterm pigs (n = 112) were fed formula without or with HMO supplementation (5-10) g/L of a mixture of 4 (4-HMO) or >25 HMO (25-HMO) for 5 (Experiment 1 and 2) or 11 days (Experiment 3). Individual HMO were quantified in colon contents and urine using MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry) and HPAEC-PAD (high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection). Microbial colonization was analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene tags. Intestinal permeability was measured by lactulose to mannitol ratio in urine. HMO supplemented to formula were detected in urine and colon contents in preterm piglets after 5 and 11 days in all three experiments. The amount of HMO excreted via the gut or the kidneys showed large individual variations. Microbial diversity in the colon changed from high levels of Firmicutes (dominated by Clostridium) at day 5 (Exp 2) to high levels of Proteobacteria dominated by Helicobacter and Campylobacter at day 11 (Exp 3). Colonic microbiota composition as well as HMO excretion pattern varied greatly among piglets. Interestingly, the 5-day supplementation of the complex 25-HMO blend led to low concentrations of 3-fucosyllactose (FL) and lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) I in colonic contents, indicating a preferred utilization of these two HMO. Although the interpretation of the data from our piglet study is difficult due to the large individual variation, the presence of Bifidobacteria, although low in total numbers, was correlated with total HMO contents, and specifically with 2'FL levels in colonic content. However, early supplementation of formula with HMO did not affect NEC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rudloff
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuntz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Roggenbuck
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stine Brandt Bering
- Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Barton SJ, Murray R, Lillycrop KA, Inskip HM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Karnani N, Zolezzi IS, Sprenger N, Godfrey KM, Binia A. FUT2 Genetic Variants and Reported Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Illnesses During Infancy. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:836-843. [PMID: 30376117 PMCID: PMC6687504 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) controls the production of digestive and respiratory epithelia of histo-blood group antigens involved in the attachment of pathogens. The aim of our study was to relate FUT2 variants to reported gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses in infancy. METHODS In the Southampton Women's Survey, FUT2 genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] rs601338 and rs602662) were genotyped in 1831 infants and related to infant illnesses, after adjustment for sex, breastfeeding duration, and potential confounders. RESULTS For FUT2 SNP rs601338, the risk ratios for ≥1 bout of diarrhea during ages 6-12 months and ages 12-24 months per additional risk (G) allele were 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.4; P = .002) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.24-1.61; P = 1.7 × 10-7), respectively; the risk ratio for ≥1 diagnosis of a lower respiratory illness (ie, pneumonia or bronchiolitis) during ages 12-24 months per additional G allele was 2.66 (95% CI, 1.64-4.3; P = .00007). Similar associations were found between rs602662 and gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses, owing to the high linkage disequilibrium with rs601338 (R2 = 0.92). Longer breastfeeding duration predicted a lower risk of diarrhea, independent of infant FUT2 genotype. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that FUT2 G alleles are associated with a higher risk of infant gastrointestinal illnesses and identified novel associations with respiratory illnesses. FUT2 locus variants need consideration in future studies of gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses among infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Murray
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK SO16 6YD
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | | | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Nestec S.A., Switzerland
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Korpela K, Salonen A, Hickman B, Kunz C, Sprenger N, Kukkonen K, Savilahti E, Kuitunen M, de Vos WM. Fucosylated oligosaccharides in mother's milk alleviate the effects of caesarean birth on infant gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13757. [PMID: 30214024 PMCID: PMC6137148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant components in human milk is formed by oligosaccharides, which are poorly digested by the infant. The oligosaccharide composition of breast milk varies between mothers, and is dependent on maternal secretor (FUT2) genotype. Secretor mothers produce milk containing α1-2 fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides, which are absent in the milk of non-secretor mothers. Several strains of bacteria in the infant gut have the capacity to utilise human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Here we investigate the differences in infant gut microbiota composition between secretor (N = 76) and non-secretor (N = 15) mothers, taking into account birth mode. In the vaginally born infants, maternal secretor status was not associated with microbiota composition. In the caesarean-born, however, many of the caesarean-associated microbiota patterns were more pronounced among the infants of non-secretor mothers compared to those of secretor mothers. Particularly bifidobacteria were strongly depleted and enterococci increased among the caesarean-born infants of non-secretor mothers. Furthermore, Akkermansia was increased in the section-born infants of secretor mothers, supporting the suggestion that this organism may degrade HMOs. The results indicate that maternal secretor status may be particularly influential in infants with compromised microbiota development, and that these infants could benefit from corrective supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Korpela
- Immunobiology Research Programme, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- European Molecular Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Salonen
- Immunobiology Research Programme, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brandon Hickman
- Immunobiology Research Programme, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec S.A., Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 26, Lausanne, 1000, Switzerland
| | - Kaarina Kukkonen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Savilahti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Kuitunen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Immunobiology Research Programme, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Keller SR, Abonyi-Tóth Z, Sprenger N, Austin SC, Wichert BAC, Liesegang A, Oei CHY, Balogh O, Reichler IM. Effect of metoclopramide treatment of bitches during the first week of lactation on serum prolactin concentration, milk composition, and milk yield and on weight gain of their puppies. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:233-241. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sprenger N, Odenwald H, Kukkonen AK, Kuitunen M, Savilahti E, Kunz C. FUT2-dependent breast milk oligosaccharides and allergy at 2 and 5 years of age in infants with high hereditary allergy risk. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:1293-1301. [PMID: 26907090 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Manifestation of allergic disease depends on genetic predisposition, diet and commensal microbiota. Genetic polymorphism of mothers determines their breast milk glycan composition. One major determinant is the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor gene) that was shown to be linked to commensal microbiota establishment. We studied whether FUT2-dependent breast milk oligosaccharides are associated with allergic disease in breast-fed infants later in life. METHODS We analyzed FUT2-dependent oligosaccharides in breast milk samples of mothers (n = 266) from the placebo group of a randomized placebo-controlled trial of prebiotics and probiotics as preventive against allergic disease in infants with high allergy risk (trial registry number: NCT00298337). Using logistic regression models, we studied associations between FUT2-dependent breast milk oligosaccharides and incidence of allergic disease at 2 and 5 years of age. RESULTS At 2 years, but not at 5 years of age, we observed a presumed lower incidence (p < 0.1) for IgE-associated eczema manifestation in C-section-born infants who were fed breast milk containing FUT2-dependent oligosaccharides. By logistic regression, we observed a similar relation (p < 0.1) between presence of FUT2-dependent breast milk oligosaccharides and IgE-associated disease and IgE-associated eczema in C-section-born infants only. When testing with the levels of breast milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose as proxy for FUT2 activity, we observed significant (p < 0.05) associations in the C-section-born infants with 'any allergic disease,' IgE-associated disease, eczema and IgE-associated eczema. CONCLUSION The data indicate that infants born by C-section and having a high hereditary risk for allergies might have a lower risk to manifest IgE-associated eczema at 2 years, but not 5 years of age, when fed breast milk with FUT2-dependent milk oligosaccharides. Further studies with larger cohorts and especially randomized controlled intervention trials are required to build on these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec S.A., Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | - Hannah Odenwald
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec S.A., Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Nestle Health Sciences, Biopole, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Anna Kaarina Kukkonen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Kuitunen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Savilahti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstr. 20, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Sprenger N, Lee LY, De Castro CA, Steenhout P, Thakkar SK. Longitudinal change of selected human milk oligosaccharides and association to infants' growth, an observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171814. [PMID: 28182762 PMCID: PMC5300226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human milk is the recommended and sole nutrient source for newborns. One of the largest components of human milk is oligosaccharides (HMOs) with major constituents determined by the mother genotype for the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2, secretor) gene. HMO variation has been related with infant microbiota establishment, diarrhea incidence, morbidity and mortality, IgE associated eczema and body composition. Objectives We investigated the (i) dependence of several major representative HMOs on the FUT2 status assessed through breast milk 2’Fucosyllactose (2’FL) and (ii) the relation of the 2’FL status with infant growth up to 4 months of life. Design From an open observatory, single center, longitudinal cohort study with quantitative human milk collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers, who gave birth to 25 female and 25 male singleton infants, we collected a representative sample of human milk. We quantified the following 5 representative HMOs: 2’FL, Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3’Sialyllactose (3’SL) and 6’Sialyllactose (6’SL). We grouped the milk samples and corresponding infants according to the measured milk 2’FL concentrations at 30 days of lactation, which clustered around low concentrations (95% CI of mean 12–42 mg/L) and high concentrations (95% CI of mean 1880–2460 mg/L) with the former likely representing Secretor negative mothers. Infant anthropometric measures were recorded at birth, 1, 2 and 4 months of age. Relations among the quantified HMOs and the relation of the high and low 2’FL HMOs groups with infant growth parameters were investigated via linear mixed models. Results The milk samples with low 2’FL concentration had higher LNT and lower LNnT concentrations compared to the samples with high 2’FL. The milk 3’- and 6’SL concentrations were independent of 2’FL. Over lactation time we observed a drop in the concentration of 2’FL, LNT, LNnT and 6’SL, especially from 1 to 2 months, while 3’SL remained at relatively constant concentration from 1 month onwards. Up to 4 months of age, we did not observe significant differences in body weight, body length, body mass index and head circumference of the infants who consumed breast milk with low or high FUT2 associated HMO concentrations and composition. Conclusions Our findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2’FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are ‘co-regulated’ with the FUT2 dependent 2’FL concentration, with LNnT showing a positive and LNT a negative relation. Further, our findings also suggest that the relatively substantial variation in HMOs between the high and low 2’FL clusters do not impact infant growth of either sex up to 4 months of age. The study was registered in www.ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01805011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Le Ye Lee
- Consultant Neonatologist, Department of Neonatology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sagar K. Thakkar
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Switzerland
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Simeoni U, Berger B, Junick J, Blaut M, Pecquet S, Rezzonico E, Grathwohl D, Sprenger N, Brüssow H, Szajewska H, Bartoli J, Brevaut‐Malaty V, Borszewska‐Kornacka M, Feleszko W, François P, Gire C, Leclaire M, Maurin J, Schmidt S, Skórka A, Squizzaro C, Verdot J. Gut microbiota analysis reveals a marked shift to bifidobacteria by a starter infant formula containing a synbiotic of bovine milk‐derived oligosaccharides and
B
ifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
CNCM I
‐3446. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:2185-95. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Simeoni
- Pédiatrie (PED) Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Jana Junick
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology German Institute of Human Nutrition Postdam‐Rehbrücke Nuthetal Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology German Institute of Human Nutrition Postdam‐Rehbrücke Nuthetal Germany
| | - Sophie Pecquet
- Nestlé Nutrition Clinical Development Unit Nestec Ltd Vevey Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | | | | | - W. Feleszko
- Department of Paediatrics Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | - C. Gire
- Hôpital Nord Marseille France
| | | | | | | | - A. Skórka
- Department of Paediatrics Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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Sprenger N. Aufklärung und Einwilligung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Meli F, Puccio G, Cajozzo C, Ricottone GL, Pecquet S, Sprenger N, Steenhout P. Growth and safety evaluation of infant formulae containing oligosaccharides derived from bovine milk: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:306. [PMID: 25527244 PMCID: PMC4297447 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-014-0306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A limited number of nondigestible oligosaccharides are available for use in infant formula. This study evaluated growth and safety in infants fed formula supplemented with a mixture of bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides (BMOS). This mixture, which was generated from whey permeate, contains galactooligosaccharides and other oligosaccharides from bovine milk, such as 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose. We hypothesized that growth in infants fed BMOS-supplemented formula would be noninferior to that in infants fed standard formula. Methods Healthy term infants ≤14 days old were randomly assigned to standard formula (control; n = 84); standard formula with BMOS (IF-BMOS; n = 99); or standard formula with BMOS and probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) (IF-BMOS + Pro; n = 98). A breastfed reference group was also enrolled (n = 30). The primary outcome was mean weight gain/day from enrollment to age 4 months (noninferiority margin: −3.0 g/day). Results 189 (67.3%) formula-fed infants were included in the primary analysis. Mean differences in weight gain between the control and IF-BMOS and IF-BMOS + Pro groups were <1 g/day, with 97.5% confidence intervals above −3.0 g/day, indicating noninferior weight gain in the BMOS formula groups. Compared with control, infants in the BMOS groups had more frequent (p < 0.0001) and less hard (p = 0.0003) stools. No significant differences were observed between the control and BMOS groups in caregivers’ reports of flatulence, vomiting, spitting up, crying, fussing, and colic. When based on clinical evaluation by the investigator, the incidence of colic was higher (p = 0.01) in IF-BMOS than in control; the incidence of investigator-diagnosed colic was not significantly different in control and IF-BMOS + Pro (p = 0.15). Stool bifidobacteria and lactobacilli counts were higher with IF-BMOS + Pro compared with control (p < 0.05), whereas Clostridia counts were lower (p < 0.05) in both BMOS groups compared with control. Conclusions Infant formula containing BMOS either with or without probiotics provides adequate nutrition for normal growth in healthy term infants. Further studies are needed to fully explore the digestive tolerance of BMOS formula. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01886898. Registered 24 June 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Meli
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Unità Operativa di Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Puccio
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Unità Operativa di Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Cajozzo
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Unità Operativa di Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Licata Ricottone
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Unità Operativa di Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Sophie Pecquet
- Nestlé Nutrition, Nestec Ltd, 22 av Reller, 1800, Vevey, Switzerland.
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Early postnatal development encounters milk as a key environmental variable and yet the sole nutrient source. One evolutionary conserved constituent of milk is sialic acid, which is generally displayed on glycoconjugates and free glycans. During early postnatal development, high sialic acid need was proposed to be unmet by the endogenous sialic acid synthetic capacity. Hence, milk sialic acid was proposed to serve as a conditional nutrient for the newborn. In the elderly, at the other end of ontogeny, decreased sialylation in the brain, saliva, and immune system is observed. Analogous to the neonatal situation, the endogenous synthetic capacity may be unable to keep up with the need in this age group. The data discussed here propose a functional dietary role of sialic acid as a building block for sialylation and beyond.
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Fuhrer A, Sprenger N, Kurakevich E, Borsig L, Chassard C, Hennet T. Milk sialyllactose influences colitis in mice through selective intestinal bacterial colonization. J Exp Med 2010; 207:2843-54. [PMID: 21098096 PMCID: PMC3005226 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides contribute to the development of the intestinal environment by acting as decoy receptors for pathogens and as prebiotics, which promote the colonization of commensal bacteria. Here, using α2,3- and α2,6-sialyltransferase-deficient mice, we investigated the role of the sialylated milk oligosaccharides sialyl(α2,3)lactose and sialyl(α2,6)lactose on mucosal immunity. The exposure of newborn mice to milk containing or deficient in sialyllactose had no impact on the development of mucosal leukocyte populations. However, when challenged by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water, adult mice that had been fostered on sialyl(α2,3)lactose-deficient milk were more resistant to colitis compared with mice fostered on normal milk or sialyl(α2,6)lactose-deficient milk. Analysis of intestinal microbiota showed different colonization patterns depending on the presence or absence of sialyl(α2,3)lactose in the milk. Germ-free mice reconstituted with intestinal microbiota isolated from mice fed on sialyl(α2,3)lactose-deficient milk were more resistant to DSS-induced colitis than germ-free mice reconstituted with standard intestinal microbiota. Thus, exposure to sialyllactose during infancy affects bacterial colonization of the intestine, which influences the susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fuhrer
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1026 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Kurakevich
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Chassard
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Martin FPJ, Sprenger N, Montoliu I, Rezzi S, Kochhar S, Nicholson JK. Dietary modulation of gut functional ecology studied by fecal metabonomics. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5284-95. [PMID: 20806900 DOI: 10.1021/pr100554m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A major source of intestinal metabolites results from both host and microbial processing of dietary nutrients. (1)H NMR-based metabolic profiling of mouse feces was carried out over time in different microbiome mouse models, including conventional (n = 9), conventionalized (n = 10), and "humanized" gnotobiotic mice inoculated with a model of human baby microbiota (HBM, n = 17). HBM mice were supplemented with Lactobacillus paracasei with (n = 10) and without (n = 7) prebiotics. Animals not supplemented with prebiotics received a diet enriched in glucose and lactose as placebo. In conventionalized animals, microbial populations and activities converged in term of multivariate mapping toward conventional mice. Both groups decreased bacterial processing of dietary proteins when switching to a diet enriched in glucose and lactose, as described with low levels of 5-aminovalerate, acetate, and propionate and high levels of lysine and arginine. The HBM model differs from conventional and conventionalized microbiota in terms of type, proportion, and metabolic activity of gut bacteria (lower short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, 5-aminovalerate, and oligosaccharides, higher bile acids and choline). The probiotics supplementation of HBM mice was associated with a specific amino acid pattern that can be linked to L. paracasei proteolytic activities. The combination of L. paracasei with the galactosyl-oligosaccharide prebiotics was related to the enhanced growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and a specific metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and SCFAs. The present study describes how the assessment of metabolic changes in feces may provide information for studying nutrient-microbiota relationships in different microbiome mouse models.
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Abstract
Background Milk is the sole source of nutrients for neonatal mammals and is generally considered to have co-evolved with the developmental needs of the suckling newborn. One evolutionary conserved constituent of milk and present on many glycoconjugates is sialic acid. The brain and colon are major sites of sialic acid display and together with the liver also of synthesis. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we examined in rats the relationship between the sialic acid content of milk and the uptake, utilization and synthesis of sialic acid in suckling pups. In rat milk sialic acid was found primarily as 3′sialyllactose and at highest levels between 3 and 10 days postpartum and that decreased towards weaning. In the liver of suckling pups sialic acid synthesis paralleled the increase in milk sialic acid reaching and keeping maximum activity from postnatal day 5 onwards. In the colon, gene expression profiles suggested that a switch from sialic acid uptake and catabolism towards sialic acid synthesis and utilization occurred that mirrored the change of sialic acid in milk from high to low expression. In brain sialic acid related gene expression profiles did not change to any great extent during the suckling period. Conclusions/Significance Our results support the views that (i) when milk sialic acid levels are high, in the colon this sialic acid is catabolized to GlcNAc that in turn may be used as such or used as substrate for sialic acid synthesis and (ii) when milk sialic acid levels are low the endogenous sialic acid synthetic machinery in colon is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I. Duncan
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (PID); (NS)
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fuerholz
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (PID); (NS)
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Martin FPJ, Sprenger N, Yap IKS, Wang Y, Bibiloni R, Rochat F, Rezzi S, Cherbut C, Kochhar S, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Panorganismal gut microbiome-host metabolic crosstalk. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2090-105. [PMID: 19281268 DOI: 10.1021/pr801068x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coevolution shapes interorganismal crosstalk leading to profound and diverse cellular and metabolic changes as observed in gut dysbiosis in human diseases. Here, we modulated a simplified gut microbiota using pro-, pre-, and synbiotics to assess the depth of systemic metabolic exchanges in mice, using a multicompartmental modeling approach with metabolic signatures from 10 tissue/fluid compartments. The nutritionally induced microbial changes modulated host lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism at a panorganismal scale. Galactosyl-oligosaccharides reduced lipogenesis, triacylglycerol incorporation into lipoproteins and triglyceride concentration in the liver and the kidney. Those changes were not correlated with decreased plasma lipoproteins that were specifically induced by L. rhamnosus supplementation. Additional alteration of transmethylation metabolic pathways (homocysteine-betaine) was observed in the liver and the pancreas following pre- and synbiotic microbial modulation, which may be of interest for control of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Probiotics also reduced hepatic glycogen and glutamine and adrenal ascorbate with inferred effects on energy homeostasis, antioxidation, and steroidogenesis. These studies show the breadth and the depth of gut microbiome modulations of host biochemistry and reveal that major mammalian metabolic processes are under symbiotic homeostatic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre J Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Sprenger N, Julita M, Donnicola D, Jann A. Sialic acid feeding aged rats rejuvenates stimulated salivation and colon enteric neuron chemotypes. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1492-502. [PMID: 19696237 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Old age is linked to numerous changes of body functions such as salivation, gastrointestinal motility, and permeability all linked to central and enteric nervous system decline. Thus, gut motility and barrier functions suffer. Sialic acid plays a key role in the nervous system at large and for many receptor functions specifically. Decreased sialylation in the elderly suggests an endogenous sialic acid deficit. We used a rat model of aging, to ask whether sialic acid feeding would affect (i) stimulated salivation, (ii) gut functions, and (iii) sialic acid levels and neuronal markers in brain and gut. We observed reduced levels of pilocarpine-stimulated salivation in old versus young rats and restored this function by sialic acid feeding. Brain ganglioside bound sialic acid levels were found lower in aged versus young rats, and sialic acid feeding partly restored the levels. The hypothalamic expression of cholinergic and panneuronal markers was reduced in aged rats. The expression of the nitrergic marker nNOS was increased upon sialic acid feeding in aged rats. Neither fecal output nor gut permeability was different between young and aged rats studied here, and sialic acid feeding did not alter these parameters. However, the colonic expression of specific nervous system markers nNOS and Uchl1 and the key enzyme for sialic acid synthesis GNE were differentially affected in young and aged rats by sialic acid feeding indicating that regulatory mechanisms change with age. Investigation of sialic acid supplementation as a functional nutrient in the elderly may help those who suffer from disorders of reduced salivation. Further research is needed to understand the differential effects of sialic acid feeding in young and aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne 26, CH-1000 Switzerland.
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Martin FPJ, Wang Y, Yap IKS, Sprenger N, Lindon JC, Rezzi S, Kochhar S, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Topographical Variation in Murine Intestinal Metabolic Profiles in Relation to Microbiome Speciation and Functional Ecological Activity. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3464-74. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900099x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre J. Martin
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
| | - Yulan Wang
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
| | - Ivan K. S. Yap
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
| | - John C. Lindon
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
| | - Sunil Kochhar
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Nestlé Research Center, P. O. Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, The Chinese Academy
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Martin FPJ, Wang Y, Sprenger N, Yap IKS, Lundstedt T, Lek P, Rezzi S, Ramadan Z, van Bladeren P, Fay LB, Kochhar S, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Probiotic modulation of symbiotic gut microbial-host metabolic interactions in a humanized microbiome mouse model. Mol Syst Biol 2008; 4:157. [PMID: 18197175 PMCID: PMC2238715 DOI: 10.1038/msb4100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The transgenomic metabolic effects of exposure to either Lactobacillus paracasei or Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics have been measured and mapped in humanized extended genome mice (germ-free mice colonized with human baby flora). Statistical analysis of the compartmental fluctuations in diverse metabolic compartments, including biofluids, tissue and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in relation to microbial population modulation generated a novel top-down systems biology view of the host response to probiotic intervention. Probiotic exposure exerted microbiome modification and resulted in altered hepatic lipid metabolism coupled with lowered plasma lipoprotein levels and apparent stimulated glycolysis. Probiotic treatments also altered a diverse range of pathways outcomes, including amino-acid metabolism, methylamines and SCFAs. The novel application of hierarchical-principal component analysis allowed visualization of multicompartmental transgenomic metabolic interactions that could also be resolved at the compartment and pathway level. These integrated system investigations demonstrate the potential of metabolic profiling as a top-down systems biology driver for investigating the mechanistic basis of probiotic action and the therapeutic surveillance of the gut microbial activity related to dietary supplementation of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre J Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ivan K S Yap
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Torbjörn Lundstedt
- AcurePharmaAB, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Lek
- AcurePharmaAB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - John C Lindon
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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44
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Martin FPJ, Dumas ME, Wang Y, Legido-Quigley C, Yap IKS, Tang H, Zirah S, Murphy GM, Cloarec O, Lindon JC, Sprenger N, Fay LB, Kochhar S, van Bladeren P, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. A top-down systems biology view of microbiome-mammalian metabolic interactions in a mouse model. Mol Syst Biol 2007; 3:112. [PMID: 17515922 PMCID: PMC2673711 DOI: 10.1038/msb4100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic gut microorganisms (microbiome) interact closely with the mammalian host's metabolism and are important determinants of human health. Here, we decipher the complex metabolic effects of microbial manipulation, by comparing germfree mice colonized by a human baby flora (HBF) or a normal flora to conventional mice. We perform parallel microbiological profiling, metabolic profiling by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance of liver, plasma, urine and ileal flushes, and targeted profiling of bile acids by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and short-chain fatty acids in cecum by GC-FID. Top-down multivariate analysis of metabolic profiles reveals a significant association of specific metabotypes with the resident microbiome. We derive a transgenomic graph model showing that HBF flora has a remarkably simple microbiome/metabolome correlation network, impacting directly on the host's ability to metabolize lipids: HBF mice present higher ileal concentrations of tauro-conjugated bile acids, reduced plasma levels of lipoproteins but higher hepatic triglyceride content associated with depletion of glutathione. These data indicate that the microbiome modulates absorption, storage and the energy harvest from the diet at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Pierre J Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Ivan K S Yap
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Huiru Tang
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Gerard M Murphy
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Olivier Cloarec
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - John C Lindon
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent B Fay
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sunil Kochhar
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
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45
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Martin FPJ, Wang Y, Sprenger N, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Kochhar S, Nicholson JK. Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei treatment on the host gut tissue metabolic profiles probed via magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:1471-81. [PMID: 17316039 DOI: 10.1021/pr060596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have used a simplified gnotobiotic mouse model to evaluate the effects of single bacterial species, Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461, on the metabolic profiles of intact intestinal tissues using high-resolution magic-angle-spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy (HRMAS). A total of 24 female gnotobiotic mice were divided into three groups: a control group supplemented with water and two groups supplemented with either live L. paracasei or a gamma-irradiated equivalent. HRMAS was used to characterize the biochemical components of intact epithelial tissues from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, proximal, and distal colons in all animals and data were analyzed using chemometrics. Variations in relative concentrations of amino acids, anti-oxidant, and creatine were observed relating to different physiological properties in each intestinal tissue. Metabolic characteristics of lipogenesis and fat storage were observed in the jejunum and colon. Colonization with live L. paracasei induced region-dependent changes in the metabolic profiles of all intestinal tissues, except for the colon, consistent with modulation of intestinal digestion, absorption of nutrients, energy metabolism, lipid synthesis and protective functions. Ingestion of gamma-irradiated bacteria produced no effects on the observed metabolic profiles. 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy was able to generate characteristic metabolic signatures reflecting the structure and function of intestinal tissues. These signals acted as reference profiles with which to compare changes in response to gut microbiota manipulation at the tissue level as demonstrated by ingestion of a bacterial probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre J Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Wang Y, Holmes E, Tang H, Lindon JC, Sprenger N, Turini ME, Bergonzelli G, Fay LB, Kochhar S, Nicholson JK. Experimental metabonomic model of dietary variation and stress interactions. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1535-42. [PMID: 16823960 DOI: 10.1021/pr0504182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress in the form of moderate periods of maternal separation of newborn rats has been postulated to cause permanent changes in the central nervous system and diseases in later life. It is also considered that dietary supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) can potentially ameliorate the effects of stress. The metabolic consequences of early life maternal separation stress were investigated in rats (2-14 days after birth), either alone or in combination with secondary acute water avoidance stress at 3-4 months of age. The effect of a LC-PUFA-enriched dietary intervention in stressed animals was also assessed. Systematic changes in metabolic biochemistry were evaluated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of blood plasma and multivariate pattern recognition techniques. The biochemical response to stress was characterized by decreased levels of total lipoproteins and increased levels of amino acids, glucose, lactate, creatine, and citrate. Secondary acute water avoidance stress also caused elevated levels of O-acetyl glycoproteins in blood plasma. LC-PUFAs dietary enrichment did not alter the metabolic response to stress, but did result in a modified lipoprotein profile. This work indicates that the different stressor types resulted in some common systemic metabolic responses that involve changes in energy and muscle metabolism, but that they are not reversible by dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- Biological Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
In mucosal secretions, secretory component (SC) is found either free or bound to polymeric IgA within the secretory IgA complex. SC displays numerous and various glycans, which are potential ligands for bacterial compounds. We first established that human SC (hSC) purified from colostrum (hSCcol) or produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (hSCrec) exhibits the same lectin reactivity. Both forms bind to Clostridium difficile toxin A and functionally protect polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers from the cytopathic effect of the toxin. The interaction is mediated by glycans present on hSC and involves galactose and sialic acid residues. hSCcol and hSCrec were also shown to bind enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adhesin intimin and to inhibit its infectivity on HEp-2 cells in a glycan-dependent manner as well. SC remained operative in the context of the whole secretory IgA molecule and can therefore enhance its Fab-mediated neutralizing properties. On the contrary, hSC did not interact with three different strains of rotavirus (RF, RRV, and SA11). Accordingly, infection of target MA104 cells with these rotavirus strains was not reduced in the presence of either form of hSC tested. Although not a universal mechanism, these findings identify hSC as a microbial scavenger contributing to the antipathogenic arsenal that protects the body epithelial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Perrier
- R & D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Wang Y, Tang H, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Turini ME, Sprenger N, Bergonzelli G, Fay LB, Kochhar S, Nicholson JK. Biochemical Characterization of Rat Intestine Development Using High-Resolution Magic-Angle-Spinning 1H NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis. J Proteome Res 2005; 4:1324-9. [PMID: 16083283 DOI: 10.1021/pr050032r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report details of metabolic profiles for small intestinal samples obtained using high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HRMAS) (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Intact samples of jejunum and ileum from male Long Evans rats were analyzed on a 600 MHz spectrometer using standard one and two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopic pulse sequences. The metabolic profiles of ileum and jejunum predominantly comprised a number of amino acids, lipids, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), choline, creatine, and ethanol, a number of carboxylic acids including acetate and lactate, and nucleoside bases including cytosine, isocytosine, and uracil. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to these NMR data to characterize the biochemical differences between jejunum and ileum tissues. Compared with ileum, jejunum contained higher levels of lipids, GPC, choline, lactate and creatinine, but lower levels of amino acids and acetate. In addition, the age dependence of the biochemical composition of intestinal tissues from young rats (15, 36 days and 3-4 months old) was studied. In general, levels of lipids, lactate, taurine and creatinine were positively correlated with age while amino acids and GPC decreased in the older age group. This study will provide a metabolic reference for further studies assessing the metabolic consequences of nutrition, stress and gut microbiota on intestinal composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- Biological Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, SW7, 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Angeloni S, Ridet JL, Kusy N, Gao H, Crevoisier F, Guinchard S, Kochhar S, Sigrist H, Sprenger N. Glycoprofiling with micro-arrays of glycoconjugates and lectins. Glycobiology 2004; 15:31-41. [PMID: 15342550 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwh143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate deciphering the information content in the glycome, thin film-coated photoactivatable surfaces were applied for covalent immobilization of glycans, glycoconjugates, or lectins in microarray formats. Light-induced immobilization of a series of bacterial exopolysaccharides on photoactivatable dextran-coated analytical platforms allowed covalent binding of the exopolysaccharides. Their specific galactose decoration was detected with fluorescence-labeled lectins. Similarly, glycoconjugates were covalently immobilized and displayed glycans were profiled for fucose, sialic acid, galactose, and lactosamine epitopes. The applicability of such platforms for glycan profiling was further tested with extracts of Caco2 epithelial cells. Following spontaneous differentiation or on pretreatment with sialyllactose, Caco2 cells showed a reduction of specific glycan epitopes. The changed glycosylation phenotypes coincided with altered enteropathogenic E. coli adhesion to the cells. This microarray strategy was also suitable for the immobilization of lectins through biotin-neutravidin-biotin bridging on platforms functionalized with a biotin derivatized photoactivatable dextran. All immobilized glycans were specifically and differentially detected either on glycoconjugate or lectin arrays. The results demonstrate the feasibility and versatility of the novel platforms for glycan profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Angeloni
- CSEM S.A., Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique, Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Müller J, Aeschbacher RA, Sprenger N, Boller T, Wiemken A. Disaccharide-mediated regulation of sucrose:fructan-6-fructosyltransferase, a key enzyme of fructan synthesis in barley leaves. Plant Physiol 2000; 123:265-74. [PMID: 10806243 PMCID: PMC59000 DOI: 10.1104/pp.123.1.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/1999] [Accepted: 02/07/2000] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has indicated that sugar sensing may be important in the regulation of fructan biosynthesis in grasses. We used primary leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Baraka) to study the mechanisms involved. Excised leaf blades were supplied in the dark with various carbohydrates. Fructan pool sizes and two key enzymes of fructan biosynthesis, sucrose (Suc):Suc-1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST; EC 2. 4.1.99) and Suc:fructan-6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT; EC 2.4.1.10) were analyzed. Upon supply of Suc, fructan pool sizes increased markedly. Within 24 h, 1-SST activity was stimulated by a factor of three and 6-SFT-activity by a factor of more than 20, compared with control leaves supplemented with mannitol (Mit). At the same time, the level of mRNA encoding 6-SFT increased conspicuously. These effects were increased in the presence of the invertase inhibitor 2, 5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol. Compared with equimolar solutions of Suc, glucose (Glu) and fructose stimulated 6-SFT activity to a lesser extent. Remarkably, trehalose (Tre; Glc-alpha-1 and 1-alpha-Glc) had stimulatory effects on 6-SFT activity and, to a somewhat lesser extent, on 6-SFT mRNA, even in the presence of validoxylamine A, a potent trehalase inhibitor. Tre by itself, however, in the presence or absence of validoxylamine A, did not stimulate fructan accumulation. Monosaccharides phosphorylated by hexokinase but not or weakly metabolized, such as mannose (Man) or 2-deoxy-Glc, had no stimulatory effects on fructan synthesis. When fructose or Man were supplied together with Tre, fructan and starch biosynthesis were strongly stimulated. Concomitantly, phospho-Man isomerase (EC 5.3.1.8) activity was detected. These results indicate that the regulation of fructan synthesis in barley leaves occurs independently of hexokinase and is probably based on the sensing of Suc, and also that the structurally related disaccharide Tre can replace Suc as a regulatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Müller
- Botanisches Institut der Universität Basel, Hebelstrasse 1, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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