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Nait Ajjou M, Blais N, Leduc C, Stephenson P, Tehfé M, Tran-Thanh D, Routy B, Florescu M. EP04.01-020 Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing on Treatment Choice Among Patients with Metastatic NSCLC from the CHUM University Center. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shaw A, Ou S, Bang Y, Camidge R, Solomon B, Salgia R, Riely G, Varella-Garcia M, Shapiro G, Costa D, Doebele R, Le L, Zheng Z, Stephenson P, Shreeve S, Tye L, Christensen J, Wilner K, Clark J, Iafrate A. Clinical Activity of Crizotinib in Ros1-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu349.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Michaelson MD, Zhu AX, Ryan DP, McDermott DF, Shapiro GI, Tye L, Chen I, Stephenson P, Patyna S, Ruiz-Garcia A, Schwarzberg AB. Sunitinib in combination with gemcitabine for advanced solid tumours: a phase I dose-finding study. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1393-401. [PMID: 23511559 PMCID: PMC3629436 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase I, dose-finding study determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and pharmacokinetics of sunitinib plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumours. METHODS Two schedules with sunitinib (25-50 mg per day) and IV gemcitabine (750-1250 mg m(-2)) in escalating doses were studied. First, patients received sunitinib on a 4-weeks-on-2-weeks-off schedule (Schedule 4/2) plus gemcitabine on days 1, 8, 22, and 29. Second, patients received sunitinib on a 2-weeks-on-1-week-off schedule (Schedule 2/1) plus gemcitabine on days 1 and 8. The primary endpoint was determination of MTD and tolerability. RESULTS Forty-four patients received the combination (Schedule 4/2, n=8; Schedule 2/1, n=36). With no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at maximum dose levels on Schedule 2/1, MTD was not reached. Grade 4 treatment-related AEs and laboratory abnormalities included cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, and pulmonary embolism (n=1 each), and neutropenia (n=3), thrombocytopenia and increased uric acid (both n=2), and lymphopenia (n=1). There were no clinically significant drug-drug interactions. Antitumor activity occurred across dose levels and tumour types. In poor-risk and/or high-grade renal cell carcinoma patients (n=12), 5 had partial responses and 7 stable disease ≥ 6 weeks. CONCLUSION Sunitinib plus gemcitabine on Schedule 2/1 with growth factor support was well tolerated and safely administered at maximum doses of each drug, without significant drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Michaelson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Bang YJ, Ou S, Camidge D, Clark J, Wilner K, Tye L, Stephenson P, Varella-Garcia M, Iafrate A, Shaw A. Clinical Activity of Crizotinib in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Harboring ROS1 Gene Rearrangement. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ou S, Camidge D, Engelman J, Clark J, Tye L, Wilner K, Stephenson P, Varella-Garcia M, Iafrate A, Shaw A. Clinical Activity of Crizotinib in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Harboring Ros1 Gene Rearrangement. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wang M, Lawal A, Stephenson P, Sidders J, Ramshaw C. Post-combustion CO2 capture with chemical absorption: A state-of-the-art review. Chem Eng Res Des 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 887] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Camidge DR, Bang Y, Kwak EL, Shaw AT, Iafrate AJ, Maki RG, Solomon BJ, Ou SI, Salgia R, Wilner KD, Costa DB, Shapiro G, LoRusso P, Stephenson P, Tang Y, Ruffner K, Clark JW. Progression-free survival (PFS) from a phase I study of crizotinib (PF-02341066) in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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George S, Blay JY, Casali PG, Le Cesne A, Stephenson P, Deprimo SE, Harmon CS, Law CNJ, Morgan JA, Ray-Coquard I, Tassell V, Cohen DP, Demetri GD. Clinical evaluation of continuous daily dosing of sunitinib malate in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after imatinib failure. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1959-68. [PMID: 19282169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the antitumour activity, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of continuous daily sunitinib dosing in patients with imatinib-resistant/intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and to assess morning dosing versus evening dosing. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this open-label phase II study, patients were randomised to receive morning or evening dosing of sunitinib 37.5mg/day. The primary end-point was clinical benefit rate (CBR; percent complete responses+partial responses [PRs]+stable disease [SD] 24 weeks). Secondary end-points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma biomarker levels. RESULTS Sixty of 61 planned patients received treatment (30 per dosing group); 26 completed the study. Overall, the CBR was 53% (95% exact CI, 40-66): eight patients (13%) achieved objective PRs; 24 (40%) achieved SD 24 weeks. Median PFS was 34 weeks (95% CI, 24-49); median OS was 107 weeks (95% CI, 72 - not yet calculable). Most adverse events (AEs) were of grade 1 or 2 in severity, and were manageable through dose modification or standard interventions. No new AEs were apparent compared with the approved intermittent dosing schedule. Antitumour activity and safety were generally similar with morning and evening dosing. Continuous daily sunitinib dosing achieved and sustained effective drug concentrations without additional accumulation across cycles. Decreases from baseline in plasma levels of soluble KIT after 20 and 24 weeks of dosing correlated with longer OS. CONCLUSION For patients with imatinib-resistant/intolerant GIST, continuous daily sunitinib dosing appears to be an active alternative dosing strategy with acceptable safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S George
- Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Stephenson P, O'Connor D, Terry M. Light regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hayden MJ, Stephenson P, Logojan AM, Khatkar D, Rogers C, Elsden J, Koebner RMD, Snape JW, Sharp PJ. Development and genetic mapping of sequence-tagged microsatellites (STMs) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 2006; 113:1271-81. [PMID: 16932882 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The density of SSRs on the published genetic map of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has steadily increased over the last few years. This has improved the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding and certain types of genetic research by providing more choice in the quality of SSRs and a greater chance of finding polymorphic markers in any cross for a chromosomal region of interest. Increased SSR density on the published wheat genetic map will further enhance breeding and research efforts. Here, sequence-tagged microsatellite profiling (STMP) is demonstrated as a rapid technique for the economical development of anonymous genomic SSRs to increase marker density on the wheat genetic map. A total of 684 polymorphic sequence-tagged microsatellites (STMs) were developed, and 380 were genetically mapped in three mapping populations, with 296 being mapped in the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative W7984 x Opata85 recombinant inbred cross. Across the three populations, a total of 479 STM loci were mapped. Several technological advantages of STMs over conventional SSRs were also observed. These include reduced marker deployment costs for fluorescent-based SSR analysis, and increased genotyping throughput by more efficient electrophoretic separation of STMs and a high amenability to multiplex PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hayden
- Plant Functional Genomics Center, University of Adelaide, Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
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Costa DB, Stephenson P, Kocher O, Tenen DG, Feins RH, Keller SM, Schiller JH, Johnson DH, Halmos B. C/EBPα expression by immunohistochemistry lacks prognostic or predictive significance in primary resected non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7202 Background: The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is down-regulated in a majority of lung cancers. We sought to determine if C/EBPα could be a prognostic or predictive factor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Our cohort originated from ECOG 3590/4592 (randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy with thoracic radiation or cisplatin and etoposide plus thoracic radiation in patients with completely resected stages II and IIIA NSCLC; and its laboratorial study). 166 tumor samples contained material for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of C/EBPα expression. We used a scoring system comparing tumor staining to that of basal bronchial cells (3+). 0 or 1+ (weak) staining suggested lack of, while 2 or 3+ (strong) suggested C/EBPα expression. Our primary outcomes were differences in progression-free and overall survival between the groups with weak or strong staining. Results: Among the 166 patients analyzed for C/EBPα IHC, the median progression free and overall survival were 30.7 and 40.3 months, respectively; which do not differ from the complete E4592 cohort. 92 patient samples (55%) had 0 or 1+ staining, and the remaining 74 (45%) 2 or 3+. The median progression free survival for patients with weak and strong C/EBPα IHC expression was 31.5 and 30.2 months, respectively (p = 0.84). The median overall survival between the weak and strong groups was 47.5 and 38.3 months, respectively (p = 0.54). 10 years after enrollment, 27% (25/92) of patients were alive in the weak, and 24% (18/74) in the strong C/EBPα IHC group. No difference between our primary outcomes by C/EBPα expression was identified. There was no difference in outcome by treatment arm, tumor histology, stage, or patient’s characteristics. There was a trend towards loss of C/EBPα and less differentiated tumor samples (p = 0.07). Conclusions: C/EBPα is a novel tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer with loss of expression in over 50% of NSCLC. However, our data demonstrate that in a subset of patients with resected NSCLC, C/EBPα IHC status is neither a prognostic nor a predictive marker. Further studies are needed to establish the molecular mechanisms of C/EBPα inactivation in lung cancer and its possible role as a new therapeutic target. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. B. Costa
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - P. Stephenson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - O. Kocher
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - D. G. Tenen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - R. H. Feins
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - S. M. Keller
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - J. H. Schiller
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - D. H. Johnson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - B. Halmos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Ribeiro-Carvalho C, Guedes-Pinto H, Igrejas G, Stephenson P, Schwarzacher T, Heslop-Harrison JS. High levels of genetic diversity throughout the range of the Portuguese wheat landrace 'Barbela'. Ann Bot 2004; 94:699-705. [PMID: 15355867 PMCID: PMC4242215 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Revised: 06/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Landrace populations represent an important intra-crop reservoir of biodiversity and source of novel gene alleles for use in breeding programmes. Here the aim was to measure the diversity of a wheat landrace, 'Barbela', from the north of Portugal. METHODS DNA was extracted from 59 accessions of Barbela collected across its geographical range. Diversity was measured by microsatellite length polymorphisms using 27 primer pairs amplifying 34 polymorphic microsatellite loci. KEY RESULTS High levels of polymorphism were found, with an average polymorphism information content of 0.52; an average of 4.77 alleles (range 2-11) were present at each locus, and half of these loci showed an additional allele in the reference variety 'Chinese Spring'. CONCLUSIONS 'Barbela' is maintained from seeds collected by farmers, but it maintains high allelic variation, and no groupings of accessions were detected when analysed by geographical region, farm or climate, indicating that the wheat landrace is a homogeneous entity. The diversity within the farmer-maintained landrace demonstrates the importance of characterization and maintenance of landrace collections before valuable genetic combinations are lost as uniform commercial crops are introduced.
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Dubey S, Miller J, Stephenson P, Keller SM, Johnson DH, Schiller JH, Kolesar JM. EGFr dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dubey
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - J. Miller
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - P. Stephenson
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - S. M. Keller
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - D. H. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - J. H. Schiller
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - J. M. Kolesar
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Kolesar JM, Breunig A, Miller J, Stephenson P, McLeod H, Marsh S, Keller S, Johnson D, Schiller JH. CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*1B polymorphisms are associated and more frequent in NSCLC tumors than in normal volunteers. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Kolesar
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - A. Breunig
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - J. Miller
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - P. Stephenson
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - H. McLeod
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - S. Marsh
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - S. Keller
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - D. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - J. H. Schiller
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Tester WJ, Stephenson P, Langer CJ, Schiller JH, Johnson DH, Rapoport BL. ECOG 1599: Randomized phase II study of paclitaxel/carboplatin or gemcitabine/cisplatin in performance status (PS) 2 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.7055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Tester
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Florida Cancer Center, Sarasota, FL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; University of Wisconsin Health Oncology Clinic, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Parkland, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - P. Stephenson
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Florida Cancer Center, Sarasota, FL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; University of Wisconsin Health Oncology Clinic, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Parkland, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C. J. Langer
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Florida Cancer Center, Sarasota, FL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; University of Wisconsin Health Oncology Clinic, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Parkland, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J. H. Schiller
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Florida Cancer Center, Sarasota, FL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; University of Wisconsin Health Oncology Clinic, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Parkland, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D. H. Johnson
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Florida Cancer Center, Sarasota, FL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; University of Wisconsin Health Oncology Clinic, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Parkland, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - B. L. Rapoport
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Florida Cancer Center, Sarasota, FL; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; University of Wisconsin Health Oncology Clinic, Madison, WI; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Parkland, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hayden MJ, Stephenson P, Logojan AM, Khatkar D, Rogers C, Koebner RMD, Snape JW, Sharp PJ. A new approach to extending the wheat marker pool by anchored PCR amplification of compound SSRs. Theor Appl Genet 2004; 108:733-742. [PMID: 14598031 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine the utility in bread wheat of anchored PCR for the development of single locus SSR markers targeted at compound repeat motifs. In anchored PCR, microsatellite amplification is achieved using a single primer complementary to the flanking sequence, and one which anchors to the repeat junction of the compound SSR. The recovery rate of useable markers was found to be similar (43%) to that reported for conventionally generated SSRs. Thus, anchored PCR can be used to reduce the costs of marker development, since it requires that only half the number of primers be synthesised. Where fluorescence-based platforms are used, marker deployment costs are lower, since only the anchoring primers need to be labelled. In addition, anchored PCR improves the recovery of useful markers, as it allows assays to be generated from microsatellite clones with repeat sequences located close to their ends, a situation where conventional PCR amplification fails as two flanking primers cannot be designed. Strategies to permit the large-scale development of compound SSR markers amplified by anchored PCR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hayden
- Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, University of Sydney, PMB 11, Camden, NSW, 2570 Australia.
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Stephenson P, Bullen SM. Mobile Technology for Construction and Building Services within a Direct Services Organisation: A UK Operational System Design and Implementation. International Journal of Construction Management 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2003.10773041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gradishar WJ, Stephenson P, Glover DJ, Neuberg DS, Moore MR, Windschitl HE, Piel I, Abeloff MD. A Phase II trial of cisplatin plus WR-2721 (amifostine) for metastatic breast carcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E8188). Cancer 2001; 92:2517-22. [PMID: 11745184 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20011115)92:10<2517::aid-cncr1602>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin has minimal antitumor activity when used as second- or third-line treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. Older reports suggest an objective response rate of 8% when 60-120 mg/m2 of cisplatin is administered every 3-4 weeks. Although a dose-response effect has been observed with cisplatin, the dose-limiting toxicities associated with cisplatin (e.g., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity) have limited its use as a treatment for breast carcinoma. WR-2721 or amifostine initially was developed to protect military personnel in the event of nuclear war. Amifostine subsequently was shown to protect normal tissues from the toxic effects of alkylating agents and cisplatin without decreasing the antitumor effect of the chemotherapy. Early trials of cisplatin and amifostine also suggested that the incidence and severity of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuropathy were reduced. METHODS A Phase II study of the combination of cisplatin plus amifostine was conducted in patients with progressive metastatic breast carcinoma who had received one, but not more than one, chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease. Patients received amifostine, 910 mg/m2 intravenously over 15 minutes. After completion of the amifostine infusion, cisplatin 120 mg/m2 was administered over 30 minutes. Intravenous hydration and mannitol was administered before and after cisplatin. Treatment was administered every 3 weeks until disease progression. RESULTS Forty-four patients were enrolled in the study of which 7 (16%) were ineligible. A median of 2 cycles of therapy was administered to the 37 eligible patients. Six partial responses were observed for an overall response rate of 16%. Most patients (57%) stopped treatment because of disease progression. Neurologic toxicity was reported in 52% of patients. Seven different life-threatening toxicities were observed in patients while receiving treatment. CONCLUSIONS The combination of cisplatin and amifostine in this study resulted in an overall response rate of 16%. Neither a tumor-protective effect nor reduced toxicity to normal tissues was observed with the addition of amifostine to cisplatin in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Gradishar
- Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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20
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Abstract
This study examined the possibility of representing the mid third of the human femur with two straight sections. This portion of the femur visually has a distinct curvature, which can potentially present problems when considering implant stem designs to be introduced in this region. Sixteen femora were sectioned at 10 mm intervals along the femoral shaft in the mid third region (35-65 per cent of femoral length). Photographic records were obtained of each section against a consistent axis system to which all coordinates were referenced. The position of the centre of the medullary canal cross-sectional area along the femur, in relation to fixed orthogonal planes, has been analysed; the outer anterior cortex was also modelled. The results showed that the medullary centre of area plots and the anterior cortex coordinates are suitably modelled as two straight lines. For each bone it was possible to define the intersection point between the two straight sections (point of angulation), and the subtended angle between these sections (angle of incidence). The average point of angulation for the medullary plots occurred at 57 per cent along the femur, while the mean angle of incidence was 6.5 degrees. The anterior surface had an average point of angulation at 58 per cent along the femur with the mean angle of incidence being 22.2 degrees. The centre-line of the medulla was also found to be almost parallel to the outer anterior surface for sections distal to the point of angulation. It is proposed therefore, that this difference in angulation is the result of medullary expansion/cortical thinning towards the proximal extremity of the femur, causing the straight-line model of the medulla to angulate less than the outer anterior cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephenson
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Leeds, 36 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9NZ, UK
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21
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Abstract
The design of a medical implant requires that the geometry and anatomy of the host region is fully understood. For any prosthesis to be located in the mid-third of the human femur it is therefore vitally important that an in-depth understanding of this region is obtained. This study focuses on the geometry of the medulla and the cortex and the relationship between them in the diaphyseal region of the human femur. Sixteen femora obtained from the Human Biology Department of the University of Leeds were sectioned at 10 mm intervals along the shaft and scaled photographs of each section were taken. These photographs then provided the raw data to enable the variation in long bone cross-sectional geometry to be evaluated. The results show that the medulla is almost cylindrical in the mid-third region, being most cylindrical between 35 and 50 per cent of the total bone length. The medullary width is found to be greater in the antero-posterior direction (> 90 per cent maximum diameter) than in the medio-lateral direction (78-88 per cent maximum diameter) along the studied femoral length. The cortex is also analysed and it is found that the mean cortical thickness on the anterior side is significantly smaller than the medial cortex and the lateral cortex, with the posterior cortex being the thickest. All the above findings suggest that the medulla does not lie centrally within the femur but is positioned slightly anteriorly. Anatomical characteristics such as this can have profound effects on the design of prostheses to be implanted in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephenson
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Leeds, UK
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22
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Abstract
Map-based DNA fingerprinting with AFLP markers provides a fast method for scanning the rice genome. Three hundred AFLP markers identified with ten primer combinations were mapped in two rice populations. The genetic maps were aligned and almost full coverage of the rice genome was obtained. The transferability of AFLP markers between indica x japonica and indica x indica crosses was tested. The chromosomes were divided into DNA Fingerprint Linkage Blocks (DFLBs) defined by specific AFLP markers. Using these blocks, the degree of similarity or divergence within specific chromosome regions was calculated for nine varieties. Applications of map-based fingerprinting for biodiversity studies and maker-assisted selection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Zhu
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, UK.
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Abstract
The Directorate of Veterinary Services of the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development of Namibia issues warnings to farmers in the south of the country about the likelihood of infestation of small-stock by the nasal bot fly, Oestrus ovis. Farmers can then treat their stock at the most appropriate time. The O. ovis puparia develop at shallow depths in the soil and the timing of emergence is directly dependent on climate conditions, specifically the number of degree-days above a particular threshold soil temperature. Based on temperature measurements from only a few stations scattered throughout the country, the veterinary department warnings lack precision in space and time. This paper presents an attempt to support the programme of warnings with accumulated temperature information from Meteosat satellite images, in order to strengthen predictions of the time of emergence in specific places, and to improve the precision and reliability of warnings given to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Flasse
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
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24
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Stephenson P, Chalmers B, Kirichenko VF, Repina MA, Wagner M. Reducing maternal mortality in St Petersburg. World Health Forum 1997; 18:189-93. [PMID: 9393004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Following the entry of St Petersburg into Europe's Healthy Cities Project in 1991 it was decided that the highest priority should be given to reducing the city's maternal mortality ratio, then standing at approximately 70 deaths per 100,000 live births. Preventing deaths from unsafe, illegal abortion became the main focus of attention. The use of modern contraceptive methods was promoted, information was disseminated to improve the utilization of family planning services, special outreach services for teenagers were established, and providers were given opportunities for education and training. The maternal mortality ratio and the abortion rate have now declined and contraceptive use appears to be increasing. These achievements are attributable in large measure to the commitment of a broad spectrum of St Petersburg society as well as to outside support.
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25
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Unwin N, Harland J, White M, Bhopal R, Winocour P, Stephenson P, Watson W, Turner C, Alberti KG. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and glucose intolerance in Chinese and Europid adults in Newcastle, UK. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997; 51:160-6. [PMID: 9196645 PMCID: PMC1060438 DOI: 10.1136/jech.51.2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes), and its relationship to body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio in Chinese and Europid adults. DESIGN This was a cross sectional study. SETTING Newcastle upon Tyne. SUBJECTS These comprised Chinese and Europid men and women, aged 25-64 years, and resident in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Two hour post load plasma glucose concentration, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. METHODS Population based samples of Chinese and European adults were recruited. Each subject had a standard WHO oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Complete data were available for 375 Chinese and 610 Europid subjects. The age adjusted prevalences of glucose intolerance in Chinese and Europid men were 13.0% (p = 0.04). Mean BMIs were lower in Chinese men (23.8 v 26.1) and women (23.5 v 26.1) than in the Europids (p values < 0.001), as were waist circumferences (men, 83.3 cm v 90.8, p < 0.001; women, 77.3 cm v 79.2, p < 0.05). Mean waist-hip ratios were lower in Chinese men (0.90 v 0.91, p = 0.02) but higher in Chinese women (0.84 v 0.78, p < 0.001) compared with Europids. In both Chinese and Europid adults, higher BMI, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio were associated with glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of glucose intolerance in Chinese men and women, despite lower BMIs, is similar to or higher than that in local Europid men and women and intermediate between levels found in China and those in Mauritius. It is suggested that an increase in mean BMI to the levels in the Europid population will be associated with a substantial increase in glucose intolerance in Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Unwin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Newcastle
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26
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Puvvada MS, Forrow SA, Hartley JA, Stephenson P, Gibson I, Jenkins TC, Thurston DE. Inhibition of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase in vitro transcription by DNA-binding pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines. Biochemistry 1997; 36:2478-84. [PMID: 9054552 DOI: 10.1021/bi952490r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of several pyrrolo[2, 1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) antitumor antibiotics with linearized plasmid pGEM-2-N-ras DNA have been analyzed by quantitative in vitro transcription (QIVT) and in vitro transcription footprinting (IVTF) methods. A concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of the PBDs on transcription is observed using both techniques. The rank order for overall inhibition of transcription by the QIVT method is found to be: sibiromycin > tomaymycin > anthramycin > DC-81 > neothramycin, whereas the IVTF experiments show a different ranking: sibiromycin > anthramycin > neothramycin > tomaymycin. In addition, stimulation of transcription was observed at low PBD concentrations in both the QIVT and IVTF experiments. These results demonstrate unequivocally that the formation of PBD-DNA adducts at AGA-5' base sequences on the transcribed strand results in transcription blockage for all PBDs examined. Furthermore, the sequence of flanking base pairs appears to influence the degree of blocking, with the sequences ACAGAAA-5', AAAGATG-5', AGAGATA-5', and CAAGAAC-5' providing the most pronounced blocks for all PBDs studied in this system. Neothramycin and tomaymycin cause additional blocks at some GGA-5' and TGA-5' sequences. Parallel MPE-Fe(II) footprinting studies have revealed PBD binding sites on both the transcribing and nontranscribing strands, although all transcription blocks determined from the IVTF assays are due to drug bound on the transcribing DNA template strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Puvvada
- Gene Targeted Drug Design Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, U.K
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27
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Stephenson P. Q & A with Pam Stephenson. Ga Hosp Today 1996; 40:1, 4-5. [PMID: 10161545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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28
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Cartwright C, Unwin N, Stephenson P. Agreement between the Takeda UA-731 automatic blood pressure measuring device and the manual mercury sphygmomanometer: an assessment under field conditions in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996; 50:218-22. [PMID: 8762392 PMCID: PMC1060256 DOI: 10.1136/jech.50.2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess agreement between two Takeda UA-731 automatic blood pressure measuring devices (referred to as machines A and B) and two manual mercury sphygmomanometers. DESIGN A 'Y' connector attached each Takeda UA-731 to a manual mercury sphygmomanometer. Simultaneous measurements were made on adult subjects. SETTING A population based cardiovascular disease survey in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. PARTICIPANTS Measurements on machine A were compared in 71 individuals (all women), and on machine B in 75 individuals (9 men, 66 women). The age range of subjects was 28 to 76 years and median ages were 59 years for machine A and 50 years for machine B. MAIN RESULTS Blood pressure (mmHg) ranged from 72 to 212 systolic and 44 to 102 diastolic. Both Takedas gave significantly lower readings than the manual devices for systolic and diastolic pressures: differences were mean (SD: 95% CI) 3.7 mmHg (6.5: 2.2, 5.2) for machine A systolic, 2.3 mmHg (4.5: 1.3, 3.4) machine A diastolic; 1.8 mmHg (6.2: 0.4, 3.3) machine B systolic, and 1.8 (4.4: 0.8, 2.8) machine B diastolic. On the British Hypertension Society criteria, machine A was graded C on systolic measurements and B on diastolic; machine B was graded B on both systolic and diastolic measurements. CONCLUSIONS The performance of these machines compares favourably with the Dinamap 8100, recently adopted for survey work by the Department of Health. The Takeda UA-731 looks promising for epidemiological survey work but before it can be fully recommended further evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cartwright
- Department of Physiology, University of Sunderland
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29
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Nurco DN, Primm BJ, Lerner M, Stephenson P, Brown LS, Ajuluchukwu DC. Changes in locus-of-control attitudes about drug misuse in a self-help group in a methadone maintenance clinic. Int J Addict 1995; 30:765-78. [PMID: 7657402 DOI: 10.3109/10826089509048758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clients of a methadone-maintenance clinic in Brooklyn, New York participating in a clinically-guided self-help (CGSH) program plus standard treatment (methadone maintenance plus individual counseling) demonstrated statistically significant changes in locus-of-control beliefs, from external to internal causation, about personal responsibility for drug misuse. Members of two control groups--one participating in a didactic lecture program plus standard treatment and the other receiving only standard treatment--failed to demonstrate similar changes. This increase in internal locus of control in the CGSH group suggests the potential efficacy of CGSH as a relapse-prevention therapeutic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Nurco
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD 21217, USA
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30
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Devos KM, Bryan GJ, Collins AJ, Stephenson P, Gale MD. Application of two microsatellite sequences in wheat storage proteins as molecular markers. Theor Appl Genet 1995; 90:247-52. [PMID: 24173898 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/1994] [Accepted: 05/30/1994] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, tandem arrays of simple-sequence repeat sequences can find applications as highly variable and multi-allelic PCR-based genetic markers. In hexaploid bread wheat, a large-genome inbreeding species with low levels of RFLP, di- and trinucleotide tandem repeats were found in 22 published gene sequences, two of which were converted to PCR-based markers. These were shown to be genome-specific and displayed high levels of variation. These characteristics make them especially suitable for intervarietal breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Devos
- Cambridge Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, Colney, Norwich, UK
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31
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Musk SR, Astley SB, Edwards SM, Stephenson P, Hubert RB, Johnson IT. Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of benzyl isothiocyanate towards cultured mammalian cells. Food Chem Toxicol 1995; 33:31-7. [PMID: 7821874 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(95)80245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a compound found in cruciferous vegetables present in the human diet, has previously been shown to induce chromosome aberrations in an Indian muntjac cell line. The results of this study show that it also induces both chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system and induces DNA strand breaks as measured by the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. However, whereas it increased the number of aberrations four-fold, it was not able to raise SCE levels by more than 50% and there was a levelling-off in the dose-response curve. Whereas the survival curve of CHO cells exposed to BITC was linear in shape, that of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 was found to fit the exponential model (with an alpha equivalent of 0.28 and a beta equivalent of 2.80, where the concentration of BITC is measured in micrograms/ml). This pattern of clastogenic and cytotoxic activities is reminiscent of that generated by ionizing radiation and certain radiomimetic chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Musk
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Colney, UK
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32
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Musk SR, Stephenson P, Smith TK, Stening P, Fyfe D, Johnson IT. Selective toxicity of compounds naturally present in food toward the transformed phenotype of human colorectal cell line HT29. Nutr Cancer 1995; 24:289-98. [PMID: 8610048 DOI: 10.1080/01635589509514418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been observed that allyl isothiocyanate, a compound naturally present in the diet, is more cytotoxic toward the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 in its control transformed state than after exposure to sodium butyrate or to dimethylformamide, which slow growth and induce differentiation (detransformation). In the present study, a range of other dietary compounds were assayed for such selective toxicity. These compounds were chosen as constituents of foodstuffs that have been identified from epidemiologic studies as being potentially antitumorigenic and also as having anticarcinogenic activity in experimental models. Benzyl and phenethyl isothiocyanate, benzyl thiocyanate, and quercetin showed decreased toxicity towards HT29 after detransformation of the cells by one or both treatments, whereas no change was observed in the sensitivity to diallyl sulfide or diallyl disulfide. It is proposed that the presence of such selectively toxic compounds in the diet may inhibit the development of tumors by interfering with the growth of preneoplastic lesions while having little effect on normal cells. The cumulative effects of these inhibitions may contribute to the chemopreventive properties of the parent foodstuffs observed in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Musk
- Agricultural and Food Research Council, institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, UK
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33
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Brunt JH, Reeder B, Stephenson P, Love E, Chen Y. A comparison of physical and laboratory measures between two Hutterite leute and the rural Saskatchewan population. Can J Public Health 1994; 85:299-302. [PMID: 7804930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study compares physical, laboratory and anthropometric measurements from each of two groups (leute) of Hutterites (N = 846) with a population of non-Hutterites from rural Saskatchewan (N = 750). Marked interleute differences were observed in the comparative analysis with the non-Hutterite population. Dariusleut males had significantly greater mean diastolic and systolic blood pressures, total cholesterols, LDL cholesterols and Body Mass Indexes (BMI) than non-Hutterites. Compared with non-Hutterite women, the Dariusleut females had significantly greater mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterols, BMIs and waist-hip ratios. In contrast, the only significant difference between non-Hutterites and Lehrerleut males was in BMI. Lehrerleut females had significantly greater mean systolic blood pressures, HDL cholesterol levels and BMIs. While the surprising inter-leute differences may be due to subtle variations in lifestyle, the genetic isolation of the groups suggests heredity may offer a more likely explanation for the differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Brunt
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, BC
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34
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Stephenson P. No limits. Placements: delivery man. Nurs Stand 1994; 8:64. [PMID: 8180066 DOI: 10.7748/ns.8.26.64.s67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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35
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Stephenson P. Audit of a system for dealing with a practice's laboratory test results. Br J Gen Pract 1993; 43:383-5. [PMID: 8251236 PMCID: PMC1372525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve efficiency in a non-computerized practice of 4700 patients the system for dealing with laboratory test results and communicating them to patients was audited over a two-week period. The audit involved a questionnaire for the practice team, a postal questionnaire to 36 patients, and an analysis of doctors' and receptionists' workload when dealing with laboratory test results. A new system was introduced, with two receptionists logging investigation details into a newly designed results book, and with date/process stamping of results. The new system was re-audited using another practice questionnaire and analysis of doctors' and receptionists' workload and found to be as effective as the old system but less time consuming, largely owing to the layout of the new results book. All members of the practice team were more satisfied with the new system. The function of a results book and its role in doctor-patient communication is discussed.
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36
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Malin M, Hemminki E, Stephenson P, Mäntyranta T, Zupan J, Tiba J, Stembera Z. Careprovider and obstetrical interventions--a comparative study of four European countries. Scand J Caring Sci 1993; 7:161-8. [PMID: 8108618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.1993.tb00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment recommendations of obstetricians and midwives in four European countries: the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, and Slovenia. Intervention orientation was examined with six hypothetical patient cases. We wanted to learn whether midwives differ from obstetricians in their choices, and whether there is any variation among countries regarding the willingness of staff to intervene. In Finland the two professions were quite similar in their recommendations for interventions, but in Hungary and Slovenia, midwives and obstetricians differed from each other. There were also differences between the countries in the treatment recommendations, and there was disparity between opinions and actual obstetrical practices. Slovenian obstetrical staff were the most interventionistic in many cases, compared with others, although the actual frequency of interventions was no greater than in other countries. In Finland the staff were the most passive in their opinions, yet the actual proportion of interventions was greatest.
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37
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Stephenson P, Anghelescu C, Fumarel S, Georgescu A, Iorgulescu D, McCreery R, Nanu R, Palacari G, Popa S, Stanescu A. Training needs of staff in Romanian institutions for young children. Child Care Health Dev 1993; 19:221-34. [PMID: 7686089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1993.tb00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to make adequate provision for staffing and staff training in leagane (long-term residential care institutions for preschool age children in Romania) a postal survey was conducted in the autumn of 1991 to ascertain the demographic characteristics, job titles and educational attainment of directors and staff, staffing needs and the kinds of positions currently filled, the numbers of directors and staff exposed to continuing education programmes within the last 2 years, and the opinions of directors and staff regarding their most important continuing educational needs. The bulk of the direct care workforce was less than 50 years old. Thirty-four per cent of the direct care staff had less than a high-school education. Sixty-seven per cent of the staff were health professionals or health care workers. There were few psychologists, physical therapists, teachers or social workers. In the last 2 years, directors and other physicians had been mostly exposed to courses in the areas of psycho-social care/management and paediatric medical care. Nurses had attended professional development courses. Infirmiera (nursing assistants) had also attended professional development courses such as those offered by foreign non-governmental organizations on the care of institutionalized children. Educators (teaching assistants) had attended courses in child development and rehabilitation. Directors and staff expressed clear opinions regarding their needs and preferences for additional training.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephenson
- Centrum för Folkhälsoforskning, Karlstad, Sweden
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38
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Abstract
The question of whether abortion should be legal is currently being decided in many countries. Although much of the discussion has focused on ethical issues, the public health consequences should not be overlooked and should be addressed realistically and responsibly. Nowhere are the public health manifestations of restricted abortion more apparent than in Romania. The pronatalist policies of the Ceaucescu regime resulted in the highest maternal mortality rate in Europe (approximately 150 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) and in thousands of unwanted children in institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephenson
- Centrum for Folkhälsoforskning, Karlstad, Sweden
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39
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Abstract
Generally, health services are not covered by the treaties of the European Community. However, to an increasing extent the EC has and will have an influence on national health systems. In particular the effects of regulations made for other sectors have repercussions for health. For example the free movement of labour and the harmonization initiatives have direct effects on the educational curricula for health professions and may, in time increase professional migration within the community. Within the EC research programmes health related topics have been included to an increasing extent. This goes in particular for medical informatics, standardization, quality assurance systems and pharmaceuticals. Indirect effects of the single market will probably appear within the area of insurance, public purchasing and building and other types of construction works. Other areas that probably will be influenced are record security and occupational health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Svensson
- Centre for Public Health Research, Karlstad, Sweden
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40
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Stephenson P. Feedback from the 1991 National Convention of French School Psychologists and the Development of European Links. Educational Psychology in Practice 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/0266736920080102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stephenson P, Satchell FB, Allen G, Andrews WH. Recovery of Salmonella from shell eggs. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1991; 74:821-6. [PMID: 1783589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A preenrichment procedure and a direct selective enrichment procedure were compared for recovery of Salmonella artificially inoculated into liquid whole egg, egg yolk, and egg albumen. For liquid whole egg and egg yolk, the 2 procedures were comparable. With egg albumen, however, preenrichment in lactose broth gave significantly higher recoveries than did direct selective enrichment in either selenite cystine or tetrathlonate broths. The lactose preenrichment procedure was used to determine the survival of S. enteritidis in egg yolk and egg albumen over a period of 7 days. As shown by most probably number determinations, counts of S. enteritidis inoculated into egg albumen decreased by 3 log units, whereas those in egg yolk did not change significantly. It is recommended, therefore, that only the egg yolk be examined for this pathogen. In a comparison of 5 different preenrichment media (lactose broth, brain heart infusion broth, trypticase soy broth, buffered peptone water, and nutrient broth), lactose broth was somewhat less productive than the other 4 media for the recovery of Salmonella from egg yolks. Trypticase soy broth gave the highest recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephenson
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Washington, DC 20204
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Svensson PG, Stephenson P. From Science to Social Reform: Some Comments on the Scope and Purpose of Public Health Research. Eur J Public Health 1991. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/1.2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Taylor R, Lovelock L, Tunbridge WM, Alberti KG, Brackenridge RG, Stephenson P, Young E. Comparison of non-mydriatic retinal photography with ophthalmoscopy in 2159 patients: mobile retinal camera study. BMJ 1990; 301:1243-7. [PMID: 1703024 PMCID: PMC1664400 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.301.6763.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether non-mydriatic Polaroid retinal photography was comparable to ophthalmoscopy with mydriasis in routine clinic screening for early, treatable diabetic retinopathy. DESIGN Prospective study of ophthalmoscopic findings according to retinal camera screening and ophthalmoscopy and outcome of referral to ophthalmologist. SETTING Outpatient diabetic clinics of three teaching hospitals and three district general hospitals. PATIENTS 2159 Adults selected randomly from the diabetic clinics, excluding only those registered as blind or those in wheelchairs and unable to enter the screening vehicle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Numbers of patients and eyes correctly identified by each technique as requiring referral with potentially treatable retinopathy (new vessel formation and maculopathy) and congruence in numbers of microaneurysms, haemorrhages, and exudates reported. RESULTS Camera screening missed two cases of new vessel formation and did not identify a further 12 but indicated a need for referral. Ophthalmoscopy missed five cases of new vessel formation and indicated a need for referral in another four for other reasons. Maculopathy was reported in 147 eyes with camera screening alone and 95 eyes by ophthalmoscopy only (chi 2 = 11.2; p less than 0.001), in 66 and 29 of which respectively maculopathy was subsequently confirmed. Overall, 38 eyes received laser treatment for maculopathy after detection by camera screening compared with 17 after ophthalmoscopic detection (chi 2 = 8.0; p less than 0.01). Camera screening underestimated numbers of microaneurysms (chi 2 = 12.9; p less than 0.001) and haemorrhages (chi 2 = 7.4; p less than 0.01) and ophthalmoscopy underestimated hard exudates (chi 2 = 48.2; p less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Non-mydriatic Polaroid retinal photography is at least as good as ophthalmoscopy with mydriasis in routine diabetic clinics in identifying new vessel formation and absence of retinopathy and is significantly better in detecting exudative maculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taylor
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne
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Abstract
Factor analysis of data from a general survey of attitudes and opinions concerning narcotic addiction and its treatment revealed 10 major dimensions, five of which were likely to have significant implications for drug abuse intervention strategies. For these latter dimensions, differences were determined among clients and staff according to type of treatment clinic (three types involving the provision of methadone maintenance in various combinations with other treatments and one involving the use of abstinence only). The most pronounced differences were between the methadone clinics and those offering abstinence only. Both the clients and staff of abstinence clinics were more skeptical concerning treatment effectiveness, were more negative regarding the use of narcotic drugs, and were more disposed to the use of ex-addict counselors and group procedures in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Nurco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Abstract
MMPI-168 profiles were obtained on 225 male narcotic addicts who were attending methadone maintenance clinics in Baltimore and New York City during 1983 and 1984. Data were collected on Black and White (Anglo, other than Hispanic) addicts in Baltimore and on Black, Hispanic, and White addicts in New York City. In general, the profiles indicated high levels of psychopathology, with particularly high elevations on the F, D, PD, PT, and Sc scales. Consistent across cities and in agreement with earlier findings, profiles of Whites indicated somewhat more maladjustment than those for Blacks, while the profiles of Hispanics displayed essentially the same levels of disturbance as those for Whites. Comparisons by city revealed greater deviance for New York City subjects, a finding more evident among Whites than among Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Shaffer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
High esophageal stricture associated with a circumferential "inlet patch" of heterotopic gastric mucosa is reported in 2 patients. Biopsy specimens taken from the strictures demonstrated inflamed or ulcerated gastric fundal-type mucosa in both cases. Dilatation of the strictures followed by treatment with histamine H2-antagonists produced almost complete resolution of dysphagia in both patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steadman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Nurco DN, Shaffer JW, Hanlon TE, Kinlock TW, Duszynski KR, Stephenson P. Relationships between client/counselor congruence and treatment outcome among narcotic addicts. Compr Psychiatry 1988; 29:48-54. [PMID: 3342610 DOI: 10.1016/0010-440x(88)90037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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