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Hecker V, Blanchette S, Faulkner G, Riazi NA, Tremblay MS, Trudeau F, Larouche R. Parental Travel Behaviors and Children's Independent Mobility: A MultiSite Study. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38714306 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children who are allowed greater independent mobility (IM) are more physically active. This study investigated associations between parents' current travel mode to work, their own IM and school travel mode as a child, and their child's IM. METHODS Children in grades 4 to 6 (n = 1699) were recruited from urban, suburban, and rural schools in Vancouver, Ottawa, and Trois-Rivières. Parents reported their current travel mode to work, IM, and school travel mode as a child. Children self-reported their IM using Hillman's 6 mobility licenses. Multiple imputation was performed to replace missing data. Gender-stratified generalized linear mixed models were adjusted for child age, parent gender, urbanization, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS The older a parent was allowed to travel alone as a child, the less IM their child had (boys: β = -0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.13 to -0.04; girls: β = -0.09, 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.06). Girls whose parents biked to work (β = 0.45, 95% CI, 0.06-0.83) or lived in Trois-Rivières versus other sites (β = 0.82, 95% CI, -0.43 to 1.21) had higher IM. IM increased with each year of age (boys: β = 0.46, CI, 0.34-0.58; girls: β = 0.38, 95% CI, 0.28-0.48). CONCLUSION Parents who experienced IM later may be more restrictive of their child's IM. This may help explain the intergenerational decline in children's IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hecker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB,Canada
| | | | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Negin A Riazi
- Student Health and Wellbeing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON,Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC,Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB,Canada
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Duffy RT, Larsen K, Bélanger M, Brussoni M, Faulkner G, Gunnell K, Tremblay MS, Larouche R. Children's Independent Mobility, School Travel, and the Surrounding Neighborhood. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:819-831. [PMID: 38081375 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children's active travel to and from school (AST) and children's independent mobility (CIM) are consistently positively associated with physical activity (PA); however, few researchers have investigated associations between objective measures of the environment and indicators of AST and CIM in national samples. METHODS A national sample of 2,067 Canadian parents of 7- to 12-year-old children was recruited in December 2020. Regression analyses were used in 2023 to assess the association between geographic information system measures of park density, blue space, population density, greenspace, intersection density, and CIM and AST to and from school. RESULTS Children in areas with high versus low park density (>0.025 vs. ≤0.025) had higher odds of travel to school via active modes (OR: 1.47 [1.14, 1.91], p=0.003). Children in neighborhoods in the highest quartile for neighborhood greenspace (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were more likely to travel to home actively than those in areas of lower greenspace (OR: 1.70 [1.18, 2.45], p=0.004). On average, children living in areas in the highest versus the lowest quartile for intersection density were more likely to engage in AST to (OR: 2.43 [1.58, 3.75], p<0.001) and from (OR: 2.77 [1.80, 4.29], p<0.001) school. CONCLUSIONS The observed associations underscore a need for city planners and policymakers to ensure sufficient access to parks and neighborhood greenspace, especially if findings are confirmed in longitudinal studies. More research is needed to investigate the role of intersection density in supporting AST and CIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Duffy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristian Larsen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Health Canada, Office of Environmental Health, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental and Radiation Health Science Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katie Gunnell
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB, Canada
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Nayakarathna R, Patel N, Currie C, Faulkner G, Riazi N, Tremblay MS, Trudeau F, Larouche R. Correlates of Physical Activity in Children from Families Speaking Non-official Languages at Home: a Multi-site Canadian Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:815-825. [PMID: 36913115 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children from families speaking a non-official language at home may be particularly at risk for low physical activity (PA), underscoring a need to investigate correlates of PA in this subpopulation. METHODS We recruited 478 children in 37 schools stratified by area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and type of urbanization within three regions of Canada. Steps/day were measured using SC-StepRx pedometers. We assessed potential social-ecological correlates with child and parent surveys. We used gender-stratified linear mixed models to examine the correlates of steps/day. RESULTS Outdoor time was the strongest correlate of boys' and girls' PA. Lower area-level SES was associated with less PA among boys, but outdoor time attenuated this difference. The strength of association between outdoor time and PA decreased with age in boys and increased with age in girls. DISCUSSION Outdoor time was the most consistent correlate of PA. Future interventions should promote outdoor time and address socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nimesh Patel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Cheryl Currie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Negin Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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Davenport C, Kuzik N, Larouche R, Carson V. The Associations Between Parental-Reported and Device-Based Measured Outdoor Play and Health Indicators of Physical, Cognitive, and Social-Emotional Development in Preschool-Aged Children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38561002 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine in preschool-aged children: (1) the associations between parental-reported and device-measured outdoor play (OP) and health indicators of physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development and (2) whether associations were independent of outdoor moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 107 participants. Children's OP was measured via a parental questionnaire and the lux feature of accelerometers. Children's growth, adiposity, and motor skills were assessed as physical development indicators. Visual-spatial working memory, response inhibition, and expressive language were assessed as cognitive development indicators. Sociability, prosocial behavior, internalizing, externalizing, and self-regulation were assessed as social-emotional development indicators. Regression models were conducted that adjusted for relevant covariates. Additional models further adjusted for outdoor MVPA. RESULTS Parental-reported total OP, OP in summer/fall months, and OP on weekdays were negatively associated (small effect sizes) with response inhibition and working memory. After adjusting for outdoor MVPA, these associations were no longer statistically significant. OP on weekdays was negatively associated with externalizing (B = -0.04; 95% confidence interval, -0.08 to -0.00; P = .03) after adjusting for outdoor MVPA. A similar pattern was observed for device-based measured total OP (B = -0.49; 95% confidence interval, -1.05 to 0.07; P = .09). CONCLUSIONS Future research in preschool-aged children should take into account MVPA and contextual factors when examining the association between OP and health-related indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Davenport
- Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario - Research Institute, Ottawa, ON,Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB,Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
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5
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Larouche R, Bélanger M, Brussoni M, Faulkner G, Gunnell K, Tremblay MS. Correlates of Active School Transportation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Canadian 7- to 12-Year-Olds: A National Study. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:294-306. [PMID: 38171354 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active school transportation (AST) is an important source of physical activity for children and a potentially important climate change mitigation strategy. However, few studies have examined factors associated with AST in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We used baseline data from a longitudinal survey to investigate correlates of AST during the second wave of COVID-19 (December 2020). We collected survey data from 2291 parents of 7- to 12-year-olds across Canada and linked this information with data on neighborhood walkability and weather from national databases. We assessed potential correlates representing multiple levels of influence of the social-ecological model. We used gender-stratified binary logistic regression models to determine the correlates of children's travel mode to/from school (dichotomized as active vs motorized), while controlling for household income. We examined the correlates of travel mode for both the morning and afternoon trips. RESULTS Consistent correlates of AST among Canadian children during the COVID-19 pandemic included greater independent mobility, warmer outdoor temperature, having a parent who actively commuted to work or school, living in a household owning fewer vehicles, and living in a more walkable neighborhood. These findings were largely consistent between boys and girls and between morning and afternoon school trips. CONCLUSIONS Policymakers, urban planners, and public health workers aiming to promote AST should focus on these correlates while ensuring that neighborhoods are safe for children. Future research should monitor the prevalence and correlates of AST as COVID-19 restrictions are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, NB, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Human Early Learning Partnership, Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katie Gunnell
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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de Castro JAC, de Lima LRA, Larouche R, Tremblay MS, Silva DAS. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children: Validity and Cut-Points to Identify Sufficient Levels of Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents Diagnosed With HIV. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:30-36. [PMID: 37348851 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2022-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) to assess the moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) level of children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV and propose cut-points, with accelerometer measures as the reference method. METHOD Children and adolescents, aged 8-14 years (mean age = 12.21 y, SD = 2.09), diagnosed with HIV by vertical transmission, participated in the study. MVPA was investigated through the PAQ-C and triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+). Receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity and specificity values were used to identify a cut-point for PAQ-C to distinguish participants meeting MVPA guidelines. RESULTS Fifty-six children and adolescents participated in the study. Among those, 16 met MVPA guidelines. The PAQ-C score was significantly related to accelerometry-derived MVPA (ρ = .506, P < .001). The PAQ-C score cut-point of 2.151 (sensitivity = 0.625, specificity = 0.875) was able to discriminate between those who met MVPA guidelines and those that did not (area under the curve = 0.751, 95% confidence interval, 0.616-0.886). CONCLUSION The PAQ-C was useful to investigate MVPA among children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV and to identify those who meet MVPA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Chula de Castro
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC,Brazil
| | | | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB,Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON,Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON,Canada
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC,Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia,Chile
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7
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Prince SA, Lang JJ, de Groh M, Badland H, Barnett A, Littlejohns LB, Brandon NC, Butler GP, Casu G, Cerin E, Colley RC, de Lannoy L, Demchenko I, Ellingwood HN, Evenson KR, Faulkner G, Fridman L, Friedenreich CM, Fuller DL, Fuselli P, Giangregorio LM, Gupta N, Hino AA, Hume C, Isernhagen B, Jalaludin B, Lakerveld J, Larouche R, Lemon SC, Loucaides CA, Maddock JE, McCormack GR, Mehta A, Milton K, Mota J, Ngo VD, Owen N, Oyeyemi AL, Palmeira AL, Rainham DG, Rhodes RE, Ridgers ND, Roosendaal I, Rosenberg DE, Schipperijn J, Slater SJ, Storey KE, Tremblay MS, Tully MA, Vanderloo LM, Veitch J, Vietinghoff C, Whiting S, Winters M, Yang L, Geneau R. Prioritizing a research agenda on built environments and physical activity: a twin panel Delphi consensus process with researchers and knowledge users. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:144. [PMID: 38062460 PMCID: PMC10704660 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth of urban dwelling populations globally has led to rapid increases of research and policy initiatives addressing associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA). Given this rapid proliferation, it is important to identify priority areas and research questions for moving the field forward. The objective of this study was to identify and compare research priorities on the built environment and PA among researchers and knowledge users (e.g., policy makers, practitioners). METHODS Between September 2022 and April 2023, a three-round, modified Delphi survey was conducted among two independent panels of international researchers (n = 38) and knowledge users (n = 23) to identify similarities and differences in perceived research priorities on the built environment and PA and generate twin 'top 10' lists of the most important research needs. RESULTS From a broad range of self-identified issues, both panels ranked in common the most pressing research priorities including stronger study designs such as natural experiments, research that examines inequalities and inequities, establishing the cost effectiveness of interventions, safety and injuries related to engagement in active transportation (AT), and considerations for climate change and climate adaptation. Additional priorities identified by researchers included: implementation science, research that incorporates Indigenous perspectives, land-use policies, built environments that support active aging, and participatory research. Additional priorities identified by knowledge users included: built environments and PA among people living with disabilities and a need for national data on trip chaining, multi-modal travel, and non-work or school-related AT. CONCLUSIONS Five common research priorities between the two groups emerged, including (1) to better understand causality, (2) interactions with the natural environment, (3) economic evaluations, (4) social disparities, and (5) preventable AT-related injuries. The findings may help set directions for future research, interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations, and funding opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Hannah Badland
- Social and Global Studies Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Barnett
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lori Baugh Littlejohns
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Population and Public Health, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Gregory P Butler
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Géna Casu
- Association pour la santé publique du Québec (ASPQ), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rachel C Colley
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Iryna Demchenko
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liraz Fridman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel L Fuller
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Lora M Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neeru Gupta
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Adriano A Hino
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Clare Hume
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Bin Jalaludin
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephenie C Lemon
- Prevention Research Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jay E Maddock
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- School of Planning, Architecture, and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Aman Mehta
- Maroondah City Council, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Milton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, health and Leisure (CIAFEL)-Faculty of Sports-University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor D Ngo
- Canadian Institute of Planners, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neville Owen
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Daniel G Rainham
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Dori E Rosenberg
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sandra J Slater
- Bachelor of Science in Public Health Program, School of Pharmacy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kate E Storey
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Outdoor Play Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonberry, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Whiting
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linchuan Yang
- Department of Urban and Rural Planning, School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Robert Geneau
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0K9, Canada
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Charles-Rodriguez U, Aborawi A, Khatiwada K, Shahi A, Koso S, Prociw S, Sanford C, Larouche R. Hands-on-ground in a new country: a community-based participatory evaluation with immigrant communities in Southern Alberta. Glob Health Promot 2023; 30:25-34. [PMID: 37310169 PMCID: PMC10748455 DOI: 10.1177/17579759231176293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immigrants experience a high risk of mental health deterioration following settlement in Canada. Immigrant communities benefit from health-promoting interventions that stimulate social inclusion and belonging as protective factors. In this context, community gardens have been recognized as interventions that promote healthy behaviours, place attachment and belonging.This article summarizes our experience conducting a community-based participatory evaluation (CBPE), engaging community stakeholders in planning, implementing and evaluating a community garden for immigrants. We conducted a CBPE to provide relevant and timely feedback to inform programme adaptation and development. Participants, interpreters and organizers were engaged through surveys, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Participants expressed a range of motivations, benefits, challenges and recommendations. The garden was a place that fostered learning and promoted healthy behaviours, including physical activity and socialization. However, there were challenges in organization and communication with participants. Findings were used to adapt the activities to immigrants' needs and expand the programming of collaborating organizations. Stakeholder engagement facilitated capacity building and direct use of findings. This approach may catalyse sustainable community action with immigrant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiat Aborawi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Canada
| | | | - Ashmita Shahi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Silvia Koso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Savanna Prociw
- Community researchers, Lethbridge Family Services, Canada
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Charles-Rodriguez U, Venegas de la Torre MDLP, Hecker V, Laing RA, Larouche R. Correction: The Relationship Between Nature and Immigrants' Integration, Wellbeing and Physical Activity: A Scoping Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2023:10.1007/s10903-023-01487-0. [PMID: 37155005 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Charles-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, M3070 (Markin Hall) 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | | | - Victoria Hecker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, M3070 (Markin Hall) 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Rudeen A Laing
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, M3070 (Markin Hall) 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, M3070 (Markin Hall) 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
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Larouche R, Bélanger M, Brussoni M, Faulkner G, Gunnell K, Tremblay MS. Canadian children's independent mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey. Health Place 2023; 81:103019. [PMID: 36996593 PMCID: PMC10036309 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Independent mobility (IM) is associated with children's physical activity and indicators of social, motor, and cognitive development. We surveyed Canadian parents of 7- to 12-year-olds (n = 2291) about social-ecological correlates of IM in the second wave of COVID-19 (December 2020). We used multi-variable linear regression models to identify correlates of children's IM. Our final model (R2 = 0.353) included four individual-, eight family-, two social environment- and two built environment-level variables. The correlates of boys' and girls' IM were similar. Our findings suggest that interventions to support children's IM in a pandemic context should target multiple levels of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de La Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katie Gunnell
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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11
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Larouche R, Kleinfeld M, Charles Rodriguez U, Hatten C, Hecker V, Scott DR, Brown LM, Onyeso OK, Sadia F, Shimamura H. Determinants of Outdoor Time in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1328. [PMID: 36674085 PMCID: PMC9859594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spending more time outdoors can improve children's social and cognitive development, physical activity, and vision. Our systematic review summarized the determinants of outdoor time (OT) based on the social-ecological model. We searched nine databases: MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, SocINDEX, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. To be included, studies needed to be quantitative and longitudinal, include ≥1 potential determinant of OT among 0- to 17-year-olds, and be published in English, French, Japanese, or Spanish. We extracted the authors, publication year, country, design, sample size, OT measures, follow-up period, potential determinants, main results, and potential moderators or mediators. Fifty-five studies examining 119 potential determinants met the inclusion criteria. OT was consistently higher in warmer seasons and among participants reporting more OT at baseline. All three interventions that included both parent sessions and additional resources to promote OT (e.g., specific advice and community guides) were effective. COVID-19 restrictions and sun safety interventions discouraging midday outdoor activities led to less OT. The quality of evidence was rated as weak for 46 studies. Most potential determinants were examined in ≤3 studies; thus, more longitudinal studies are needed to enable stronger conclusions about the consistency of evidence and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Madeline Kleinfeld
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | | | - Cheryl Hatten
- School of Human Services, Lethbridge College, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Victoria Hecker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - David R. Scott
- Library, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Leanna Marie Brown
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ogochukwu K. Onyeso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Farzana Sadia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Hanako Shimamura
- Faculty of Applied Community Studies, Douglas College, Coquitlam, BC V3B 7X3, Canada
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12
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Wachira LJ, Hayker SO, Larouche R, Oyeyemi AL, Prista A, Owino GE, Tremblay MS, Onywera VO. Physical activity and active transportation behaviour among rural, peri-urban and urban children in Kenya, Mozambique and Nigeria: The PAAT Study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262768. [PMID: 35061821 PMCID: PMC8782337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits among children and youth. However, few studies have examined how active transportation (AT) and device-based measures of PA vary within and between countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Purpose This cross-sectional study sought to investigate the prevalence and correlates of AT and device-measured PA among children living in urban, peri-urban and rural areas in three African countries representing Eastern, Western and Southern regions of Africa. Methods 3,205 participants (53.3% girls; 46.7% boys) aged 10–12 years were recruited in Kenya, Nigeria and Mozambique. Data were collected using a child questionnaire, a parent/guardian questionnaire and PiezoRx® pedometers. ANCOVA and binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the correlates of AT and PA while controlling for gender, age, parent education and vehicle ownership. Results Participants accumulated an average of 45.6±23.5 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 11,215±4,273 steps/day. Kenyan and Mozambican children were significantly more active than their Nigerian counterparts (p<0.001). Only 23% met the MVPA guidelines of 60 min/day. 65.1% of participants engaged in AT to school (and 67.8% for the trip back home) with no gender differences. Living in a rural area, lower parent education, lower vehicle ownership and higher motorcycle ownership were associated with higher odds of AT. Other correlates of AT were country-specific. Girls accumulated less daily MVPA than boys in all countries. MVPA was positively associated with living in less urbanized areas in Nigeria and Mozambique. In Kenya, lower parental education and AT were associated with higher MVPA. Nigerian children’s daily MVPA decreased with age and the number of parent-perceived barriers to AT. Conclusions Majority of children engaged in AT, but still failed to meet MVPA recommendations. Most correlates of AT and PA were country-specific, suggesting that strategies to encourage both behaviours should be informed by local evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy-Joy Wachira
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Sylvester O. Hayker
- Department of Hospitality and Leisure Studies, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Antonio Prista
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Research Centre on Physical Activity and Sports, Universidade Pedagogica, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - George E. Owino
- Department of Sociology, Gender and Development Studies, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Vincent O. Onywera
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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13
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Blanchette S, Larouche R, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G, Riazi NA, Trudeau F. Associations Between School Environments, Policies and Practices and Children's Physical Activity and Active Transportation. J Sch Health 2022; 92:31-41. [PMID: 34806179 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of school-level variability in children's active behaviors. This study investigated the associations between school environments, policies and practices, and children's physical activity (PA) and active school transportation (AST), in a school ecology context. METHODS We recruited children (N = 1699, age = 10.2 ± 1.0 years, 55.0% girls) in 37 schools from 3 diverse regions of Canada. We then collected data using questionnaires (child, parent) and pedometers. In each school, an official completed a School Health Environment Survey. Multilevel regression models were used to examine associations with children's daily steps, and frequency and volume (frequency*distance) of AST. RESULTS Between-school variation ranged from 4.7% to 22.2% demonstrating that school environments are associated with children's active behaviors. None of the school environment variables were significantly associated with children's PA or frequency of AST. Nevertheless, their inclusion improved the PA model. Children's volume of AST increased in schools that reported more initiatives to promote AST. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that multiple components are needed to effectively promote active behaviors in children. Schools should determine the areas in which they can improve and assess the feasibility of implementing measures to make their school environments, policies, and practices more conducive to PA and AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Blanchette
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Negin A Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
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14
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Huang YW, Qin A, Fang J, Wang TF, Tsai CW, Lin KC, Teng CL, Larouche R. Novel long-acting ropeginterferon alfa-2b: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety in a phase I clinical trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:2396-2407. [PMID: 34907578 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ropeginterferon alfa-2b is a novel, long-acting pegylated interferon alfa-2b. We aimed to evaluate its safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). METHODS Thirty-six subjects received single subcutaneous injection of ropeginterferon alfa-2b at doses ranging from 24 to 270 μg, and 12 subjects received pegylated IFN alfa-2a subcutaneously at 180 μg. Primary endpoints were safety/PK profiles of ropeginterferon alfa-2b, while secondary endpoints were to compare PK/PD parameters with pegylated IFN alfa-2a. RESULTS Adverse events in ropeginterferon alfa-2b and pegylated IFN alfa-2a groups were similar, and most of them were mild or moderate. Mean Cmax increased from 1.78 to 24.84 ng/mL along with the dose escalations in ropeginterferon alfa-2b groups and was 12.95 ng/mL for pegylated IFN alfa-2a. At 180 μg, ropeginterferon alfa-2b showed statistically significant Cmax geometric mean ratio (1.76; P = .0275). Mean Tmax ranged from 74.52 to 115.69 h for ropeginterferon alfa-2b groups, and was 84.25 h for pegylated IFN alfa-2a. Mean AUC0-t increased from 372.3 to 6258 ng•h/mL with the dose escalations in the ropeginterferon alfa-2b groups, while for pegylated IFN alfa-2a it was found to be 2706 ng•h/mL in pegylated IFN alfa-2a. For neopterin and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthase, mean Emax , Tmax and AUC0-t of ropeginterferon alfa-2b were similar to those of pegylated IFNα-2a at 180 μg. CONCLUSION Ropeginterferon alfa-2b up to 270 μg was safe and well tolerated. The PK/PD parameters of ropeginterferon alfa-2b showed increase in dose-response. Ropeginterferon alfa-2b had higher drug exposures and showed similar safety profile when compared to pegylated IFN alfa-2a at the same dose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Huang
- PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert Qin
- PharmaEssentia Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jane Fang
- Athenex Inc., Buffalo, New York, USA
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15
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Currie CL, Larouche R, Voss ML, Trottier M, Spiwak R, Higa E, Scott D, Tallow T. Effectiveness of live health professional-led group eHealth interventions for adult mental health: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Med Internet Res 2021; 24:e27939. [PMID: 34878409 PMCID: PMC8790691 DOI: 10.2196/27939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse impacts on mental health and substance use worldwide. Systematic reviews suggest eHealth interventions can be effective at addressing these problems. However, strong positive eHealth outcomes are often tied to the intensity of web-based therapist guidance, which has time and cost implications that can make the population scale-up of more effective interventions difficult. A way to offset cost while maintaining the intensity of therapist guidance is to offer eHealth programs to groups rather than more standard one-on-one formats. Objective This systematic review aims to assess experimental evidence for the effectiveness of live health professional–led group eHealth interventions on mental health, substance use, or bereavement among community-dwelling adults. Within the articles selected for our primary aim, we also seek to examine the impact of interventions that encourage physical activity compared with those that do not. Methods Overall, 4 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library) were searched in July 2020. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of eHealth interventions led by health professionals and delivered entirely to adult groups by videoconference, teleconference, or webchat. Eligible studies reported mental health, substance use, or bereavement as primary outcomes. The results were examined by outcome, eHealth platform, and intervention length. Postintervention data were used to calculate effect size by study. The findings were summarized using the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Results Of the 4099 identified studies, 21 (0.51%) RCTs representing 20 interventions met the inclusion criteria. These studies examined mental health outcomes among 2438 participants (sample size range: 47-361 participants per study) across 7 countries. When effect sizes were pooled, live health professional–led group eHealth interventions had a medium effect on reducing anxiety compared with inactive (Cohen d=0.57) or active control (Cohen d=0.48), a medium to small effect on reducing depression compared with inactive (Cohen d=0.61) or active control (Cohen d=0.21), and mixed effects on mental distress and coping. Interventions led by videoconference, and those that provided 8-12 hours of live health professional–led group contact had more robust effects on adult mental health. Risk of bias was high in 91% (19/21) of the studies. Heterogeneity across interventions was significant, resulting in low to very low quality of evidence. No eligible RCT was found that examined substance use, bereavement, or physical activity. Conclusions Live eHealth group interventions led by health professionals can foster moderate improvements in anxiety and moderate to small improvements in depression among community-based adults, particularly those delivered by videoconference and those providing 8-12 hours of synchronous engagement. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42020187551; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=187551 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s13643-020-01479-3
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Currie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, CA
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, CA
| | - M Lauren Voss
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, CA
| | - Maegan Trottier
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, CA
| | - Rae Spiwak
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CA
| | - Erin Higa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, CA
| | - David Scott
- Library Services, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, CA
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16
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Blanchette S, Larouche R, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G, Riazi NA, Trudeau F. Influence of weather conditions on children’s school travel mode and physical activity in 3 diverse regions of Canada. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:552-560. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Children who engage in active school transportation (AST) have higher levels of physical activity (PA). Climate and weather were shown to influence adults’ daily travel behaviours, but their influence on children’s AST and PA has been less examined. This study examined the influence of weather conditions on children’s AST and overall PA. Children in grades 4 to 6 (N = 1699; age, 10.2 ± 1.0 years) were recruited in schools located in urban, suburban and rural areas, stratified by area-level socioeconomic status, in 3 different regions of Canada (Trois-Rivières, Québec; Ottawa, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia). Mode of school travel was self-reported and physical activity was measured using a pedometer. We used publicly available data on total precipitation and early morning temperature. AST increased with temperature only among girls. Daily precipitation was negatively associated with boys’ and girls’ PA while warmer temperature was associated with increased PA on weekend days. We also observed that season and region moderated the relationship between weather conditions and children’s physical activity behaviours. Our results suggest that daily weather variations influence children’s AST and PA to a greater extent than seasonal variations. Interventions designed to help children and families adapt to weather-related barriers to AST and PA are needed. Novelty: In Canada, weather conditions may influence children’s active behaviours daily. Associations between weather conditions, choice of travel mode and physical activity vary by sex, season, and region. Weather affects children's PA differently during the week than on weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Blanchette
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Negin A. Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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17
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Currie CL, Larouche R, Voss ML, Higa EK, Spiwak R, Scott D, Tallow T. The impact of eHealth group interventions on the mental, behavioral, and physical health of adults: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:217. [PMID: 32967717 PMCID: PMC7513289 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for eHealth services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group eHealth interventions that support population-based mental health and wellbeing, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence for eHealth group counseling and coaching programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not. METHODS Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of eHealth group counseling or coaching programs on mental health, health behavior, or physical health activity among community-dwelling adults will be included. We will search the following electronic databases (from January 2005 onwards): MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The primary outcomes will be changes in mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, quality of life), behavioral health conditions (e.g., substance use, smoking, sexual behavior, eating behavior, medication adherence), and physical health conditions (e.g., coping with cancer, menopausal symptoms, arthritis pain). Secondary outcomes will be changes in physical activity. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis will be conducted. The strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using GRADE. The risk of bias in individual studies will be appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Potential sources of gender bias in included studies will be considered at all stages of the planned review. DISCUSSION This review will contribute to the literature by providing evidence on the effectiveness of eHealth counseling and coaching programs delivered to adults in a group format. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Currie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - M Lauren Voss
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Erin K Higa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Rae Spiwak
- Manitoba Population Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David Scott
- University Library, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
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18
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González SA, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Larouche R, Tremblay MS. Profiles of Active Transportation among Children and Adolescents in the Global Matrix 3.0 Initiative: A 49-Country Comparison. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5997. [PMID: 32824793 PMCID: PMC7460170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to compare the prevalence of active transportation among children and adolescents from 49 countries at different levels of development. The data was extracted from the Report Cards on Physical Activity for Children and Youth from the 49 countries that participated in the Global Matrix 3.0 initiative. Descriptive statistics and a latent profile analysis with active transportation, Human Development Index and Gini index as latent variables were conducted. The global average grade was a "C", indicating that countries are succeeding with about half of children and youth (47-53%). There is wide variability in the prevalence and in the definition of active transportation globally. Three different profiles of countries were identified based on active transportation grades, Human Development Index (HDI) and income inequalities. The first profile grouped very high HDI countries with low prevalence of active transport and low inequalities. The second profile grouped low and middle HDI countries with high prevalence of active transportation and higher inequalities. And the third profile was characterized by the relatively high prevalence of active transportation and more variability in the socioeconomic variables. Promising policies from countries under each profile were identified. A unified definition of active transportation and contextualized methods for its assessment are needed to advance in surveillance and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. González
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Salomé Aubert
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Joel D. Barnes
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
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19
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Voss ML, Pope JP, Larouche R, Copeland JL. Stand When You Can: development and pilot testing of an intervention to reduce sedentary time in assisted living. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:277. [PMID: 32762644 PMCID: PMC7409493 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged daily sedentary time is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, impaired physical function, and mortality. Older adults are more sedentary than any other age group and those in assisted living residences accumulate more sedentary time as they often have little need to engage in light-intensity or standing activities such as cleaning or meal preparation. This “low movement” environment can hasten functional decline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a multi-level intervention to reduce and interrupt sedentary time within assisted living residences and conduct a pilot study to determine if the intervention is feasible and if further testing is warranted. Methods “Stand When You Can” (SWYC) was developed using a Social Ecological framework based on a review of literature and consultation with residents and staff at assisted living residences. After development, a six-week pilot study was conducted in two different residences with 10 older adults (82.2 ± 8.7 years). Before and after the 6 weeks, ActivPAL™ inclinometers were used to measure daily movement behaviours and self-report questionnaires assessed time spent in different sedentary behaviours and quality of life. Physical function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery. Paired sample t-tests examined pre-post differences for pooled data and individual sites. At the end of the pilot study, feedback on the intervention was gathered from both residents and staff to examine feasibility. Results There was a trend towards a decrease in self-reported sitting time (142 min/day; p = 0.09), although device-measured sedentary time did not change significantly. Participants with lower physical function at baseline showed clinically meaningful improvements in physical function after the 6 weeks (p = 0.04, Cohen’s d = 0.89). There was no change in quality of life. Residents and staff reported that the intervention strategies were acceptable and practical. Conclusion This study suggests that a multi-level intervention for reducing prolonged sedentary time is feasible for implementation at assisted living residences. The intervention could potentially help delay functional decline among older adults when they transition to a supportive living environment. Longer and larger trials to test the efficacy of SWYC are necessary. Trial registration Name of Clinical Trial Registry: clinicaltrials.gov Trial Registration number: NCT04458896. Date of registration: July 8, 2020. (Retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Voss
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - J P Pope
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - R Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - J L Copeland
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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20
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Larouche R, Blanchette S, Faulkner G, Riazi N, Trudeau F, Tremblay MS. Correlates of Children's Physical Activity: A Canadian Multisite Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:2482-2490. [PMID: 31306303 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To inform future physical activity (PA) interventions among children, we investigated the correlates of PA among 8- to 12-yr-olds in three regions of Canada: Ottawa, Trois-Rivières, and Vancouver. METHODS We recruited 1699 children (55.0% girls) in 37 schools located in urban, suburban, and rural areas that differed in socioeconomic status. Children wore a sealed SC-StepRx pedometer capable of measuring moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) for seven consecutive days. Children and one of their parents/guardians completed a questionnaire that captured multiple potential PA correlates. Publicly available data on weather and neighborhood walkability were obtained. Multiply-imputed gender-stratified linear mixed models were used to examine the correlates of daily step counts and MVPA while controlling for age, site, type of urbanization, and area-level socioeconomic status. RESULTS Each additional hour spent outdoors was associated with higher PA in boys (+769 steps per day; +3.7 min MVPA per day) and girls (+596 steps per day; +3.5 min·d). Boys' PA declined with age (-500 steps per day; -3.7 min·d). Boys were less active if they had a long-standing injury/illness (-1862 steps per day; -3.7 min·d) or their parents reported driving to work (-835 steps per day; -4.4 min·d), were worried about traffic (-982 steps per day; -6.4 min·d), or about other people in their neighborhood (-1250 steps per day). Girls speaking neither English nor French at home were less active (-620 steps per day; -3.7 min·d). In girls, each degree Celsius increase in morning temperature was associated with 77 additional steps per day, and each kilometer increase in active school travel distance was associated with 0.5 more MVPA minutes per day. CONCLUSION Consistent with previous studies, our results suggest that PA interventions should aim to increase outdoor time. The observed gender differences in PA correlates suggest the need for a gender-sensitized approach to PA promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CANADA.,Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Sébastien Blanchette
- Département des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, CANADA
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CANADA.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, CANADA
| | - Negin Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CANADA
| | - François Trudeau
- Département des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, CANADA
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
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21
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González SA, Sarmiento OL, Lemoine PD, Larouche R, Meisel JD, Tremblay MS, Naranjo M, Broyles ST, Fogelholm M, Holguin GA, Lambert EV, Katzmarzyk PT. Active School Transport among Children from Canada, Colombia, Finland, South Africa, and the United States: A Tale of Two Journeys. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17113847. [PMID: 32481728 PMCID: PMC7312928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Walking and biking to school represent a source of regular daily physical activity (PA). The objectives of this paper are to determine the associations of distance to school, crime safety, and socioeconomic variables with active school transport (AST) among children from five culturally and socioeconomically different country sites and to describe the main policies related to AST in those country sites. The analytical sample included 2845 children aged 9-11 years from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Multilevel generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between distance, safety and socioeconomic variables, and the odds of engaging in AST. Greater distance to school and vehicle ownership were associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in AST in sites in upper-middle- and high-income countries. Crime perception was negatively associated to AST only in sites in high-income countries. Our results suggest that distance to school is a consistent correlate of AST in different contexts. Our findings regarding crime perception support a need vs. choice framework, indicating that AST may be the only commuting choice for many children from the study sites in upper-middle-income countries, despite the high perception of crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. González
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-981-8332
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | | | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jose D. Meisel
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Melisa Naranjo
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Stephanie T. Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (S.T.B.); (P.T.K.)
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Gustavo A. Holguin
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (S.T.B.); (P.T.K.)
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22
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Bélanger M, Gallant F, Doré I, O'Loughlin JL, Sylvestre MP, Abi Nader P, Larouche R, Gunnell K, Sabiston CM. Physical activity mediates the relationship between outdoor time and mental health. Prev Med Rep 2019; 16:101006. [PMID: 31720202 PMCID: PMC6838503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both spending time outdoors and participating in physical activity improve mental health. Given that the outdoor environment provides an ideal location for physical activity, better understanding of the relationships among time spent outdoors, physical activity and positive mental health is needed to help guide interventions. The aim was to examine if physical activity moderates or mediates the relationship between outdoor time and positive mental health. Two-hundred-forty-two participants (15 ± 1 years old, 59% girls) from New Brunswick, Canada were included in the current analysis. Youth self-reported time spent outdoors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) three times between October 2016 and June 2017. Data on their mental health were collected in October 2017. Values of outdoor time and MVPA were averaged across the three time points to represent the exposure and mediator variables, respectively. Mental health, dichotomized as flourishing/not flourishing, was the outcome in the mediation analysis. An interaction term tested if the mediation effect depended on outdoor time. Analyses were undertaken in 2019 using the mediation package in R. In univariate analyses, both MVPA (p < 0.001) and outdoor time (p = 0.05) were positive predictors of flourishing mental health. In mediation analyses, a small indirect mediation (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and no direct (1.00, 0.98-1.05) effect were noted, suggesting that MVPA mediates the effect of outdoor time on positive mental health. This effect did not vary as a function of outdoor time (interaction: 1.00, 0.99-1.01). Physical activity mediates the relationship between outdoor time and positive mental health. Outdoor time could promote positive mental health among youth through increases in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bélanger
- Department of Family Medecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 100 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 7R1, Canada
- Research Services, Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - François Gallant
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 100 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 7R1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Doré
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. O'Loughlin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Patrick Abi Nader
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, 100 rue des Aboiteaux, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 7R1, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Katie Gunnell
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Carleton University, 330 Paterson Hall, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
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23
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Qureshi I, Lovegren M, Wirtz V, Larouche R, Tanguay M, Anderson MS, Hartmann S, Coric V, Berman RM. A Pharmacokinetic Bioequivalence Study Comparing Sublingual Riluzole (BHV-0223) and Oral Tablet Formulation of Riluzole in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2019; 9:476-485. [PMID: 31610101 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Orally administered riluzole extends survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, although it has significant shortcomings (eg, adverse events, dysphagic patients) that limit its utility. BHV-0223 is a Zydis-based orally disintegrating formulation of riluzole designed for sublingual administration that addresses the limitations of conventional tablets. This study assessed the bioequivalence between 40-mg BHV-0223 and standard 50-mg oral riluzole tablets, and the food effect on BHV-0223 pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Overall, 133 healthy subjects received BHV-0223 and riluzole tablets under fasted conditions. Geometric mean ratios for the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to time of last nonzero concentration (AUC0-t ) (89.9%; confidence interval [CI], 87.3%-92.5%), AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞ ) (89.8%; CI, 87.3%-92.4%), and maximum observed concentration (112.7%; CI, 105.5%-120.4%) all met bioequivalence criteria (80%-125%). Subsequently, 67 subjects received BHV-0223 under fed conditions. The geometric mean ratios of AUC0-t (91.2%; CI, 88.1-94.3%), and AUC0-∞ (92.0%; CI, 89.0-95.1%) were similar, but maximum observed concentration ratios were not within bioequivalence criteria. BHV-0223 was well tolerated. This study demonstrated that 40-mg sublingual BHV-0223 is bioequivalent to 50-mg oral riluzole tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Qureshi
- Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Victoria Wirtz
- Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Mario Tanguay
- Syneos Health Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Vlad Coric
- Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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24
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Riazi NA, Blanchette S, Trudeau F, Larouche R, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G. Correlates of Children's Independent Mobility in Canada: A Multi-Site Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16162862. [PMID: 31405110 PMCID: PMC6727085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Globally, physical inactivity is a concern, and children’s independent mobility (CIM) may be an important target behavior for addressing the physical inactivity crisis. The aim of this study was to examine correlates of CIM (8–12 years old) in the Canadian context to inform future interventions. CIM was measured via parent surveys. Individual, social, and environmental correlates of CIM were examined using a social–ecological framework. 1699 participants’ data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gender-stratified linear mixed-effects models while controlling for site, area-level socioeconomic status, and type of urbanization. Individual correlates including child grade (β = 0.612, p < 0.001), language spoken at home (β = −0.503, p < 0.001), car ownership (β = −0.374, p < 0.05), and phone ownership (β = 0.593, p < 0.001) were associated with CIM. For boys, parental gender (β = −0.387, p < 0.01) was negatively associated with CIM. Parents’ perceptions of safety and environment were significantly associated with CIM. Location (i.e., site) was significantly associated with CIM (ref: Trois-Rivières; Ottawa (β = −1.188, p < 0.001); Vancouver (β = −1.216, p < 0.001)). Suburban environments were negatively associated with boys’ independent mobility (β = −0.536, p < 0.05), while walkability (400 m β = 0.064, p < 0.05; 1600 m β = −0.059, p < 0.05) was significantly associated with girls’ independent mobility only. Future research and interventions should consider targeting “modifiable factors” like children’s and parents’ perceptions of neighborhood safety and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin A Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Blanchette
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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25
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Delisle Nyström C, Barnes JD, Blanchette S, Faulkner G, Leduc G, Riazi NA, Tremblay MS, Trudeau F, Larouche R. Relationships between area-level socioeconomic status and urbanization with active transportation, independent mobility, outdoor time, and physical activity among Canadian children. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1082. [PMID: 31399049 PMCID: PMC6688238 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active transportation (AT), independent mobility (IM), and outdoor time are promising ways to increase children’s physical activity. However, in order to create interventions to increase those forms of physical activity, it is important to understand the relationships between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and type of urbanization with AT, IM, outdoor time, and physical activity, and this was the aim of the study. Methods One thousand six hundred ninety-nine children in grades 4 to 6 (mean age: 10.2 ± 1.0 years) from three Canadian regions participated. AT, IM, and outdoor time were assessed using questionnaires and physical activity was measured using the SC-StepRX pedometer. Area-level SES was assessed using the median household income of the census tract in which the school was located and type of urbanization was determined for each school using standardized procedures. Generalized linear and general linear mixed models were used to examine the relationships. Results Area-level SES and the type of urbanization were generally not related to AT, IM, or physical activity for either gender. However, we observed that both boys and girls living in lower SES areas had decreased odds of spending > 2 h outdoors on weekend days compared to their peers from higher SES areas. Girls living in suburban or rural areas were more likely to spend > 2 h outdoors on weekdays compared to their urban counterparts. Conclusions AT, IM, and physical activity are generally not associated with area-level SES or the type of urbanization in this sample of Canadian children. The finding regarding outdoor time showing that both boys and girls of lower SES areas had decreased odds of spending > 2 h outdoors on weekends compared to their peers from higher SES areas suggest that additional efforts should be implemented to offer outdoor play opportunities in lower SES areas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7420-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delisle Nyström
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Joel D Barnes
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Sébastien Blanchette
- Départment des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Quebéc, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Geneviève Leduc
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Negin A Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - François Trudeau
- Départment des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Quebéc, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
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26
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Lang JJ, Larouche R, Tremblay MS. The association between physical fitness and health in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children and youth aged 6 to 17 years. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2019; 39:104-111. [PMID: 30869473 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.39.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explored the relationship between physical fitness and indicators of physical and psychosocial health in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children and youth aged 6-17 years. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of Canadian Health Measures Survey (Cycles 1 and 2; 2007-2011) data. The physical fitness measures included cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test), strength (handgrip strength), flexibility (sit-and-reach), and muscular endurance (partial curl-ups). The physical health indicators included directly measured biomarkers (total and HDL [high-density lipoprotein] cholesterol, C-reactive protein, glucose, and HbA1c [glycohaemoglobin]) and measures of adiposity, resting heart rate, and blood pressure. Psychosocial health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the association between variables, stratified by age groups and sex. RESULTS 3,800 (48.9% female) children and youth were retained for this analysis. CRF displayed significant favourable associations with most physical health indicators in male and female participants. There were less significant favourable associations with flexibility and muscular endurance compared with CRF across age and sex groups. Strength was associated with higher adiposity in males and females, and lower heart rate in male children (β = -1.9; 95% CI: -2.9, -1.0) and female youth (β = -2.0; 95% CI: -2.7, -1.2). There were few significant favourable associations between measures of physical fitness and psychosocial health in this sample of children and youth. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that physical fitness, and especially CRF, is a significant indicator of physical health among Canadian children and youth aged 6-17 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Lang
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Tanguay M, Girard J, Scarsi C, Mautone G, Larouche R. Pharmacokinetics and Comparative Bioavailability of a Levothyroxine Sodium Oral Solution and Soft Capsule. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 8:521-528. [PMID: 30153382 PMCID: PMC6585626 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new formulation of levothyroxine sodium has been developed in the form of an oral solution contained in unit‐dose ampules. A study has been conducted to compare the bioavailability of levothyroxine sodium oral solution and levothyroxine sodium soft capsule in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. The rate and extent of absorption of the new levothyroxine solution were also evaluated when administered on dilution in water or directly into the mouth without water. In each period, according to the randomization scheme, subjects were administered single oral doses of either test, as 4 × 150‐μg unit‐dose ampules, with or without water, or reference, as 4 × 150‐μg capsules in a crossover design. Thirty‐six subjects were randomized and dosed in this study; of these, 31 completed all study periods. When comparing the solution with the capsule (both products administered with water), the 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of log‐transformed values of AUC0‐48 and Cmax were within 90.00% and 111.11%, respectively, for baseline‐corrected levothyroxine. Moreover, the administration of levothyroxine oral solution without water did not affect the rate and extent of its absorption. In conclusion, levothyroxine oral solution unit‐dose ampules were bioequivalent to the levothyroxine capsule when administered with or without water. All formulations were well tolerated, with no major side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tanguay
- Syneos Health, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Katapally TR, Bhawra J, Leatherdale ST, Ferguson L, Longo J, Rainham D, Larouche R, Osgood N. The SMART Study, a Mobile Health and Citizen Science Methodological Platform for Active Living Surveillance, Integrated Knowledge Translation, and Policy Interventions: Longitudinal Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018; 4:e31. [PMID: 29588267 PMCID: PMC5893892 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, costing approximately US $67.5 billion per year to health care systems. To curb the physical inactivity pandemic, it is time to move beyond traditional approaches and engage citizens by repurposing sedentary behavior (SB)–enabling ubiquitous tools (eg, smartphones). Objective The primary objective of the Saskatchewan, let’s move and map our activity (SMART) Study was to develop a mobile and citizen science methodological platform for active living surveillance, knowledge translation, and policy interventions. This methodology paper enumerates the SMART Study platform’s conceptualization, design, implementation, data collection procedures, analytical strategies, and potential for informing policy interventions. Methods This longitudinal investigation was designed to engage participants (ie, citizen scientists) in Regina and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, in four different seasons across 3 years. In spring 2017, pilot data collection was conducted, where 317 adult citizen scientists (≥18 years) were recruited in person and online. Citizen scientists used a custom-built smartphone app, Ethica (Ethica Data Services Inc), for 8 consecutive days to provide a complex series of objective and subjective data. Citizen scientists answered a succession of validated surveys that were assigned different smartphone triggering mechanisms (eg, user-triggered and schedule-triggered). The validated surveys captured physical activity (PA), SB, motivation, perception of outdoor and indoor environment, and eudaimonic well-being. Ecological momentary assessments were employed on each day to capture not only PA but also physical and social contexts along with barriers and facilitators of PA, as relayed by citizen scientists using geo-coded pictures and audio files. To obtain a comprehensive objective picture of participant location, motion, and compliance, 6 types of sensor-based (eg, global positioning system and accelerometer) data were surveilled for 8 days. Initial descriptive analyses were conducted using geo-coded photographs and audio files. Results Pictures and audio files (ie, community voices) showed that the barriers and facilitators of active living included intrinsic or extrinsic motivations, social contexts, and outdoor or indoor environment, with pets and favorable urban design featuring as the predominant facilitators, and work-related screen time proving to be the primary barrier. Conclusions The preliminary pilot results show the flexibility of the SMART Study surveillance platform in identifying and addressing limitations based on empirical evidence. The results also show the successful implementation of a platform that engages participants to catalyze policy interventions. Although SMART Study is currently geared toward surveillance, using the same platform, active living interventions could be remotely implemented. SMART Study is the first mobile, citizen science surveillance platform utilizing a rigorous, longitudinal, and mixed-methods investigation to temporally capture behavioral data for knowledge translation and policy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Medicine, Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Leah Ferguson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Justin Longo
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Rainham
- Environmental Science Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Osgood
- Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Larouche R, Mammen G, Rowe DA, Faulkner G. Effectiveness of active school transport interventions: a systematic review and update. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:206. [PMID: 29390988 PMCID: PMC5796594 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-5005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active school transport (AST) is a promising strategy to increase children’s physical activity. A systematic review published in 2011 found large heterogeneity in the effectiveness of interventions in increasing AST and highlighted several limitations of previous research. We provide a comprehensive update of that review. Methods Replicating the search of the previous review, we screened the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Sport Discus and National Transportation Library databases for articles published between February 1, 2010 and October 15, 2016. To be eligible, studies had to focus on school-aged children and adolescents, include an intervention related to school travel, and report a measure of travel behaviors. We assessed quality of individual studies with the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool, and overall quality of evidence with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We calculated Cohen’s d as a measure of effect size. Results Out of 6318 potentially relevant articles, 27 articles reporting 30 interventions met our inclusion criteria. Thirteen interventions resulted in an increase in AST, 8 found no changes, 4 reported inconsistent results, and 5 did not report inferential statistics. Cohen’s d ranged from −0.61 to 0.75, with most studies reporting “trivial-to-small” positive effect sizes. Three studies reported greater increases in AST over longer follow-up periods and two Safe Routes to School studies noted that multi-level interventions were more effective. Study quality was rated as weak for 27/30 interventions (due notably to lack of blinding of outcome assessors, unknown psychometric properties of measurement tools, and limited control for confounders), and overall quality of evidence was rated as low. Evaluations of implementation suggested that interventions were limited by insufficient follow-up duration, incomplete implementation of planned interventions, and limited access to resources for low-income communities. Conclusions Interventions may increase AST among children; however, there was substantial heterogeneity across studies and quality of evidence remains low. Future studies should include longer follow-ups, use standardized outcome measures (to allow for meta-analyses), and examine potential moderators and mediators of travel behavior change to help refine current interventions. Trial registration Registered in PROSPERO: CRD42016033252 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-5005-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, office M3049 Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - George Mammen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, 1001 Queen St West, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - David A Rowe
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond St, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, D H Copp Building 4606, 2146 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Robert H.N. Ho Research Centre, 5th Floor, 2635 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Oyeyemi AL, Conway TL, Adedoyin RA, Akinroye KK, Aryeetey R, Assah F, Cain KL, Gavand KA, Kasoma SS, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Lambert EV, Larouche R, Mos SJ, Ocansey R, Onywera VO, Prista A, Tremblay MS, Sallis JF. Construct Validity of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Africa. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:482-491. [PMID: 27776000 PMCID: PMC5599137 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of valid measures of built environments relevant for physical activity is an important step toward controlling the global epidemic of physical inactivity-related noncommunicable diseases and deaths. This study assessed the construct validity of a self-report neighborhood environment walkability scale adapted for Africa (NEWS-Africa), by examining relationships with self-reported walking for transportation and recreation using pooled data from six sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS NEWS was systematically adapted to assess urban, periurban, and rural environments in sub-Saharan Africa. Adults (n = 469, 18-85 yr, 49.7% women) from Cameroon, Ghana, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda were purposively recruited from neighborhoods varying in walkability and socioeconomic status, with some from villages. Participants completed the 76-item (13 subscales) NEWS-Africa by structured interview and reported weekly minutes of walking for transport and recreation using items from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS The overall "walkability" index had a positive relationship with both walking for transportation (η = 0.020, P = 0.005) and recreation (η = 0.013, P = 0.028) in the pooled analyses. The mixed-use access and stranger danger scales were positively related with transport walking (η = 0.020, P = 0.006 and η = 0.021, P = 0.040, respectively). Proximity of recreational facilities (η = 0.016, P = 0.015), road/path connectivity (η = 0.025, P = 0.002), path infrastructure (η = 0.021, P = 0.005), and overall places for walking and cycling (η = 0.012, P = 0.029) scales were positively related to recreational walking. Country-specific results were mostly nonsignificant except for South Africa and Uganda. CONCLUSIONS Of 14 NEWS-Africa scales, 7 were significantly related to walking behavior in pooled analyses, providing partial support for the construct validity of NEWS-Africa. However, effect sizes appeared to be lower than those from other continents. Further study with larger and more diverse samples is needed to determine whether the instrument performs well in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Terry L. Conway
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rufus A. Adedoyin
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Felix Assah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kelli L. Cain
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kavita A. Gavand
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sandra S. Kasoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, School of Biosciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tracy L. Kolbe-Alexander
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Mos
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Vincent O. Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Antonio Prista
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, CIDAF-FEFF, Universidade Pedagogica, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - James F. Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Larouche R, Garriguet D, Tremblay MS. Outdoor time, physical activity and sedentary time among young children: The 2012-2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Can J Public Health 2017; 107:e500-e506. [PMID: 28252366 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.107.5700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that children who spend more time outdoors are more active and spend less time sedentary, but these studies were limited by the use of small convenience samples. We examined the relationship between outdoor time and measures of physical activity (PA), screen time and sedentary time in a nationally-representative sample of young children. METHODS Parental reports of outdoor time were obtained for 594 children aged 3-6 years (47.8% girls) who participated in the 2012-2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Participants were asked to wear an Actical accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Outdoor time and screen time were assessed by parent reports. The relationships between outdoor time and measures of PA, screen time and sedentary time were examined with linear regression models. Adherence to PA guidelines was estimated based on a betabinomial distribution, and adherence with the screen time guidelines was assessed through logistic regression models. All analyses were stratified by age group (3-4 and 5-6 year olds) and adjusted for sex, parental education and household income. RESULTS Among 5-6 year olds, each additional hour spent outdoors was associated with an additional 10 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (95% CI: 6-14), 27,455 more accelerometer counts/day (95% CI: 11,929-42,980) and an increased likelihood of meeting the PA guidelines (OR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.68-3.82). No significant relationships were observed among 3-4 year olds. CONCLUSION Outdoor time has a large effect on PA among 5-6 year olds at a population level. Future studies should examine the correlates of outdoor time to inform novel PA promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON.
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Lauche O, Delouya G, Taussky D, Ménard C, Béliveau-Nadeau D, Hervieux Y, Larouche R, Barkati M. Single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy using real-time transrectal ultrasound based planning in combination with external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Dosimetrics and early clinical results. Cancer Radiother 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2016.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lauche O, Delouya G, Taussky D, beliveau-Nadeau D, Hervieux Y, Larouche R, Barkati M. Single-Fraction High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Using Real-Time Transrectal Ultrasound–Based Planning in Combination With External Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Dosimetrics and Early Clinical Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Larouche R, Garriguet D, Gunnell KE, Goldfield GS, Tremblay MS. Outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and health indicators at ages 7 to 14: 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Rep 2016; 27:3-13. [PMID: 27655167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International data show that the majority of children and youth are not sufficiently active. According to recent research, children who spend more time outdoors accumulate more daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and engage in less sedentary behaviour. However, the generalizability of these findings is uncertain, and few studies investigated whether outdoor time is associated with other physical and psychosocial health indicators. DATA AND METHODS This study examined associations between outdoor time and measures of physical activity, sedentary time, and physical and psychosocial health in a nationally representative sample of 7-to-14-year-olds (n = 1,159) who participated in the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured with Actical accelerometers. Direct measures of height, weight, waist circumference, grip strength, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glycohemoglobin were obtained. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess psychosocial health. Relationships between outdoor time and physical health measures were examined with multi-variable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, parental education, and household income. Logistic regression models controlling for the same variables were used for psychosocial health. RESULTS Each additional hour spent outdoors per day was associated with 7.0 more minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, 762 more steps, and 13 fewer minutes of sedentary time. As well, each hour outdoors was associated with lower odds of negative psychosocial outcomes (specifically, peer relationship problems and total difficulties score). Outdoor time was not associated with any of the measures of physical health. INTERPRETATION Children reporting more time outdoors are more active, less sedentary, and less likely to have peer relationship problems, compared with those who spend less time outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario
| | | | - Katie E Gunnell
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
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Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Chaput JP, Hamilton HA, Larouche R. School bus travel is associated with bullying victimization among Canadian male, but not female, middle and high school students. Child Abuse Negl 2016; 58:141-148. [PMID: 27376652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found a link between active school transportation and bullying victimization among school-aged children. However, the link with other school travel modes (such as car, school bus, and public transportation) and bullying victimization is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between school travel mode and report of bullying victimization among Canadian middle and high school students. The sample consisted of 5065 students aged 11-20 years (mean age: 15.2±1.9 years; 56% females) who participated in the 2013 Ontario Students Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS). Overall, 24.7% of students reported school bullying victimization in the past year. Females (27.2%) were more likely than males (22.3%) to be victims of school bullying (p<0.01). After adjustment for age, ethnicity, subjective socioeconomic status and parental education, multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that, compared to active school transportation, school bus travel to (adjusted odd ratio (OR)=1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.25-2.68) and from (OR=1.79; 95% CI=1.70-2.67) school was associated with greater odds of bullying victimization among males, but not females. However, the use of public transportation to get to school was associated with lower odds of bullying victimization compared to active transportation among females only (OR=0.59; 95% CI=0.36-0.97). These findings suggest that school travel mode should be considered when considering risks for bullying victimization. Bullying prevention efforts should target school buses to make children's commute a safe and enjoyable experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Hayley A Hamilton
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
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Larouche R, He JX, Calderwood K, Chaput JP, Leduc G, Boyer C, LeBlanc AG, Borghese MM, Tremblay MS. Relationships Between Objective Measures Of The Built Environment And Children’s Active Transportation And Physical Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000488203.12242.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Larouche R, Tremblay MS, Goldfield GS. Association Between Active Travel and Depression: Some Clarifications Needed. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:584. [PMID: 27107917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Larouche R, Faulkner G, Tremblay MS. Active travel and adults' health: The 2007-to-2011 Canadian Health Measures Surveys. Health Rep 2016; 27:10-18. [PMID: 27096619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active travel may be a means of integrating physical activity into an individual's routine. This analysis investigates the relationship between utilitarian walking and cycling and objectively measured physical activity and health-related outcomes in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults. DATA AND METHODS Adults aged 20 to 79 who participated in the 2007-to-2011 Canadian Health Measures Surveys (N = 7,160) reported the weekly time spent in utilitarian walking and cycling and wore an Actical accelerometer for seven days. They underwent a series of tests to measure physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and biomarkers. Differences in physical activity and health-related outcomes across levels of utilitarian walking and cycling were assessed with ANCOVA analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, household income, self-reported usual daily physical activity, and the complex survey design. RESULTS Utilitarian walking and cycling were associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in a graded manner. Compared with respondents who reported walking 1 to 5 hours a week, those who walked more than 5 hours a week had lower skinfold thickness. Respondents who reported cycling 1 or more hours a week had greater aerobic fitness and lower BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, glycohemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and triglycerides than did those who did not cycle. They also had higher aerobic fitness and lower BMI and waist circumference than those who reported cycling less than an hour a week. INTERPRETATION Cycling at least an hour a week is associated with improved fitness and reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors. Both utilitarian walking and cycling may be means of increasing adults' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, and the School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, and the School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa
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Oyeyemi AL, Kasoma SS, Onywera VO, Assah F, Adedoyin RA, Conway TL, Moss SJ, Ocansey R, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Akinroye KK, Prista A, Larouche R, Gavand KA, Cain KL, Lambert EV, Aryeetey R, Bartels C, Tremblay MS, Sallis JF. NEWS for Africa: adaptation and reliability of a built environment questionnaire for physical activity in seven African countries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:33. [PMID: 26952057 PMCID: PMC4782343 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Built environment and policy interventions are effective strategies for controlling the growing worldwide deaths from physical inactivity-related non-communicable diseases. To improve built environment research and develop African specific evidence, it is important to first tailor built environment measures to African contexts and assess their psychometric properties across African countries. This study reports on the adaptation and test-retest reliability of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale in seven sub-Saharan African countries (NEWS-Africa). METHODS The original NEWS comprising 8 subscales measuring reported physical and social attributes of neighborhood environments was systematically adapted for Africa through extensive input from physical activity and public health researchers, built environment professionals, and residents in seven African countries: Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. Cognitive testing of NEWS-Africa was conducted among diverse residents (N = 109, 50 youth [12 - 17 years] and 59 adults [22 - 67 years], 69 % from low socioeconomic status [SES] neighborhoods). NEWS-Africa was translated into local languages and evaluated for 2-week test-retest reliability in adult participants (N = 301; female = 50.2 %; age = 32.3 ± 12.9 years) purposively recruited from neighborhoods varying in walkability (high and low walkable) and SES (high and low income) and from villages in six of seven participating countries. RESULTS The original 67 NEWS items was expanded to 89 scores (76 individual NEWS items and 13 computed scales). Several modifications were made to individual items, and some new items were added to capture important attributes in the African environment. A new scale on personal safety was created, and the aesthetics scale was enlarged to reflect African specific characteristics. Over 95 % of all NEWS-Africa scores (items plus computed scales) demonstrated evidence of "excellent" (ICCs > .75 %) or "good" (ICCs = 0.60 to 0.74) reliability. Seven (53.8 %) of the 13 computed NEWS scales demonstrated "excellent" agreement and the other six had "good" agreement. No items or scales demonstrated "poor" reliability (ICCs < .40). CONCLUSIONS The systematic adaptation and initial psychometric evaluation of NEWS-Africa indicates the instrument is feasible and reliable for use with adults of diverse demographic characteristics in Africa. The measure is likely to be useful for research, surveillance of built environment conditions for planning purposes, and to evaluate physical activity and policy interventions in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Sandra S Kasoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Vincent O Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Felix Assah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Rufus A Adedoyin
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
| | - Sarah J Moss
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Reginald Ocansey
- Active Living and Wellness Alliance Group (ALWAG), ALWAG Legacy, Nungua, Ghana.
| | - Tracy L Kolbe-Alexander
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Antonio Prista
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Pedagogica, Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Richard Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Kavita A Gavand
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | | | - Clare Bartels
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
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Denstel KD, Broyles ST, Larouche R, Sarmiento OL, Barreira TV, Chaput JP, Church TS, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Onywera V, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Katzmarzyk PT. Active school transport and weekday physical activity in 9-11-year-old children from 12 countries. Int J Obes Suppl 2015; 5:S100-6. [PMID: 27152177 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Active school transport (AST) may increase the time that children spend in physical activity (PA). This study examined relationships between AST and weekday moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary time (SED) and total activity during naturally organized time periods (daily, before school, during school and after school) in a sample of children from 12 countries. METHODS The sample included 6224 children aged 9-11 years. PA and sedentary time were objectively measured using Actigraph accelerometers. AST was self-reported by participants. Multilevel generalized linear and logistic regression statistical models were used to determine associations between PA, SED and AST across and within study sites. RESULTS After adjustment for age, highest parental educational attainment, BMI z-score and accelerometer wear time, children who engaged in AST accumulated significantly more weekday MVPA during all studied time periods and significantly less time in LPA before school compared with children who used motorized transport to school. AST was unrelated to time spent in sedentary behaviors. Across all study sites, AST was associated with 6.0 min (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7-7.3; P<0.0001) more of weekday MVPA; however, there was some evidence that this differed across study sites (P for interaction=0.06). Significant positive associations were identified within 7 of 12 study sites, with differences ranging from 4.6 min (95% CI: 0.3-8.9; P=0.04, in Canada) to 10.2 min (95% CI: 5.9-14.4; P<0.0001, in Brazil) more of daily MVPA among children who engaged in AST compared with motorized transport. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that AST was associated with children spending more time engaged in MVPA throughout the day and less time in LPA before school. AST represents a good behavioral target to increase levels of PA in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Denstel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - O L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Standage
- Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Sarmiento OL, Lemoine P, Gonzalez SA, Broyles ST, Denstel KD, Larouche R, Onywera V, Barreira TV, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Church TS, Katzmarzyk PT. Relationships between active school transport and adiposity indicators in school-age children from low-, middle- and high-income countries. Int J Obes Supp 2015; 5:S107-14. [PMID: 27152178 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Within the global context of the nutrition and physical activity transition it is important to determine the relationship between adiposity and active school transport (AST) across different environmental and socio-cultural settings. The present study assessed the association between adiposity (that is, body mass index z-score (BMIz), obesity, percentage body fat (PBF), waist circumference) and AST in 12 country sites, in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). METHODS The analytical sample included 6797 children aged 9-11 years. Adiposity indicators included, BMIz calculated using reference data from the World Health Organization, obesity (BMIz ⩾+2 s.d.), PBF measured using bioelectrical impedance and waist circumference. School travel mode was assessed by questionnaire and categorized as active travel versus motorized travel. Multilevel linear and non-linear models were used to estimate the magnitude of the associations between adiposity indicators and AST by country site and sex. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, parental education and motorized vehicle availability, children who reported AST were less likely to be obese (odds ratio=0.72, 95% confidence interval (0.60-0.87), P<0.001) and had a lower BMIz (-0.09, s.e.m.=0.04, P=0.013), PBF (least square means (LSM) 20.57 versus 21.23% difference -0.66, s.e.m.=0.22, P=0.002) and waist circumference (LSM 63.73 cm versus 64.63 cm difference -0.90, s.e.m.=0.26, P=0.001) compared with those who reported motorized travel. Overall, associations between obesity and AST did not differ by country (P=0.279) or by sex (P=0.571). CONCLUSIONS AST was associated with lower measures of adiposity in this multinational sample of children. Such findings could inform global efforts to prevent obesity among school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P Lemoine
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S A Gonzalez
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - K D Denstel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Onywera
- Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - T V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J-P Chaput
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Kuriyan
- St John's Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - A Kurpad
- St John's Research Institute , Bangalore, India
| | - E V Lambert
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Maher
- Alliance for Research In Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - V Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Olds
- Alliance for Research In Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Standage
- Department of Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - M S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China
| | - T S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Abstract
Previous research shows that children and youth who cycle to/from school are more active and fitter than those who travel by motorized modes. However, rates of cycling are low in many countries, and a better understanding of the correlates of cycling may inform the development of future interventions. This review summarizes the current literature on the built environment correlates of cycling among school-aged children and youth. While both studies of transportation and recreational cycling were eligible, the majority of the 12 included studies focused on the trip to/from school and consistently indicated that shorter distance between home and school is associated with greater odds of cycling. However, little is known about the correlates of cycling for other purposes. Furthermore, other built environment features have not been studied enough to allow strong conclusions to be drawn. Recommendations for future studies are proposed to address the limitations of current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Room R242, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
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Gray C, Gibbons R, Larouche R, Sandseter EBH, Bienenstock A, Brussoni M, Chabot G, Herrington S, Janssen I, Pickett W, Power M, Stanger N, Sampson M, Tremblay MS. What Is the Relationship between Outdoor Time and Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness in Children? A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:6455-74. [PMID: 26062039 PMCID: PMC4483711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120606455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between outdoor time and: (1) physical activity, (2) cardiorespiratory fitness, (3) musculoskeletal fitness, (4) sedentary behaviour; or (5) motor skill development in children aged 3-12 years. We identified 28 relevant studies that were assessed for quality using the GRADE framework. The systematic review revealed overall positive effects of outdoor time on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and cardiorespiratory fitness, although causality could not be assumed due to a lack of RCTs. Motor skill development was unrelated to outdoor time; however, this relationship was only examined in a single study of preschool children. No studies were found that examined associations between outdoor time and musculoskeletal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mails: (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Rebecca Gibbons
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mails: (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Ellen Beate Hansen Sandseter
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Queen Maud University College of Early Childhood Education, Thrond Nergaards Vei 7, NO-7044 Trondheim, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Adam Bienenstock
- Bienenstock Natural Playgrounds, 64 Hatt Street, Dundas, ON L9H 7T6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, Child & Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, F511-4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada; E-Mail:
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Population & Public Health, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, F511-4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Guylaine Chabot
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Local Y4283, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Susan Herrington
- School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of British Columbia, 379-2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC B6T 1Z4, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 99 University Avenue, Kingston, ON K7L 2P5, Canada; E-Mail:
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Carruthers Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 2P5, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Carruthers Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 2P5, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Marlene Power
- Forest School Canada, 411 Corkstown Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 2Y1, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Nick Stanger
- Department of Environmental Studies, Huxley College of the Environment, Western Washington University, 416 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Library Services, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mails: (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Tremblay MS, Gray C, Babcock S, Barnes J, Costas Bradstreet C, Carr D, Chabot G, Choquette L, Chorney D, Collyer C, Herrington S, Janson K, Janssen I, Larouche R, Pickett W, Power M, Sandseter EBH, Simon B, Brussoni M. Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:6475-505. [PMID: 26062040 PMCID: PMC4483712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120606475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A diverse, cross-sectorial group of partners, stakeholders and researchers, collaborated to develop an evidence-informed Position Statement on active outdoor play for children aged 3–12 years. The Position Statement was created in response to practitioner, academic, legal, insurance and public debate, dialogue and disagreement on the relative benefits and harms of active (including risky) outdoor play. The Position Statement development process was informed by two systematic reviews, a critical appraisal of the current literature and existing position statements, engagement of research experts (N = 9) and cross-sectorial individuals/organizations (N = 17), and an extensive stakeholder consultation process (N = 1908). More than 95% of the stakeholders consulted strongly agreed or somewhat agreed with the Position Statement; 14/17 participating individuals/organizations endorsed it; and over 1000 additional individuals and organizations requested their name be listed as a supporter. The final Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play states: “Access to active play in nature and outdoors—with its risks— is essential for healthy child development. We recommend increasing children’s opportunities for self-directed play outdoors in all settings—at home, at school, in child care, the community and nature.” The full Position Statement provides context for the statement, evidence supporting it, and a series of recommendations to increase active outdoor play opportunities to promote healthy child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mails: casgray@cheo,on.ca (C.G.); (J.B.); (R.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 1A2, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7600; Fax: +1-613-738-4800
| | - Casey Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mails: casgray@cheo,on.ca (C.G.); (J.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Shawna Babcock
- KidActive, 559A, Burtron Lane, Combermere, Ontario, K0J 1L0, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Joel Barnes
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mails: casgray@cheo,on.ca (C.G.); (J.B.); (R.L.)
| | | | - Dawn Carr
- Canadian Parks Council, 455 Hunter Street West, Peterborough, Ontario, K9H 2M7, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Guylaine Chabot
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Louise Choquette
- Best Start Resource Centre—Health Nexus, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z8, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - David Chorney
- PHE Canada, 301-2197 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 7X3, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Cam Collyer
- Evergreen, 550 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4W 3X8, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Susan Herrington
- School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of British Columbia, 379-2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, B6T 1Z4, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Katherine Janson
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1M2, Canada; E-Mails: (C.C.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Ian Janssen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 99 University Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2P5, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada; E-Mails: casgray@cheo,on.ca (C.G.); (J.B.); (R.L.)
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Carruthers Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2P5, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Marlene Power
- Forest School Canada, Child and Nature Alliance of Canada, 411 Corkstown Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K2K 2Y1, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Ellen Beate Hansen Sandseter
- Department of Physical Education and Health, College of Early Childhood Education, Queen Maud University, Thrond Nergaardsvei 7, NO-7044 Trondheim, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Brenda Simon
- PLAYbynature, 226 Albany Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5R 3C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Population & Public Health, Child & Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, , F511-4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada; E-Mail:
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Larouche R, Laurencelle L, Shephard RJ, Trudeau F. Daily physical education in primary school and physical activity in midlife: the Trois-Rivières study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015; 55:527-534. [PMID: 26068327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although a commonly stated purpose of physical education (PE) classes is to foster life-long participation in physicalactivity (PA), few longitudinal studies have assessed the impact of childhood PE interventions on PA as an adult. The Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study provided a unique opportunity to address this question. METHODS In 2008, 86 participants in the original 1970-1977 Trois-Rivières Study (44 women and 42 men aged 44.0 ± 1.2 years) completed a questionnaire examining their current PA level and different correlates of PA (i.e. individual's intention to engage in PA, perceived enjoyment, usefulness and ease in engaging in PA, perceived social support and social norms). Participants had initially been assigned to either an experimental program (5 h/week of specialist-taught PE) or a control group (40 min/week of home-room teacher-taught PE) from grades 1 to 6. RESULTS There were no current differences between the experimental and control groups neither in the frequency, duration nor volume of PA undertaken at the current follow-up. Furthermore, no differences between groups were found for any of the PA correlates examined. CONCLUSION Providing daily PE throughout primary school seems insufficient to ensure that individuals will remain active in midlife. The development of a life-course approach to PA promotion is thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Larouche
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières,Trois‑Rivières, Québec, Canada -
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Ling SY, Huizinga RB, Mayo PR, Larouche R, Freitag DG, Aspeslet LJ, Foster RT. Cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein drug-drug interactions with voclosporin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 77:1039-50. [PMID: 24330024 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Voclosporin is a novel calcineurin inhibitor intended for prevention of organ graft rejection and treatment of lupus nephritis. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between voclosporin and a CYP3A inhibitor, inducer and substrate and a P-glycoprotein inhibitor and substrate were evaluated. METHODS Voclosporin 0.4 mg kg(-1) was administered to 24 subjects in each of five studies, as follows: every 12 h (Q12H) alone and concomitantly with ketoconazole 400 mg once daily (QD); single dose before and single dose after rifampin 600 mg QD; Q12H where midazolam 7.5 mg was administered as a single dose alone before voclosporin and with last the dose of voclosporin; Q12H alone and concomitantly with verapamil 80 mg every 8 h; and Q12H with digoxin 0.25 mg QD. The noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters maximal concentration (Cmax ) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were obtained, and geometric least squares mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals were evaluated. RESULTS Ketoconazole increased voclosporin Cmax (6.4-fold) and AUC (18-fold); rifampin reduced voclosporin AUC (0.9-fold); voclosporin did not change exposure of midazolam or α-hydroxy-midazolam; verapamil increased voclosporin Cmax (2.1-fold) and AUC (2.7-fold); and voclosporin increased digoxin Cmax (0.5-fold), AUC (0.25-fold) and urinary excretion (0.2-fold). CONCLUSIONS Administration of voclosporin concomitantly with strong inhibitors and inducers of CYP3A resulted in increased and decreased exposures, respectively, and should be considered contraindicated. Drug-drug interactions involving voclosporin and CYP3A substrates are not expected. Administration of voclosporin concomitantly with inhibitors and substrates of P-glycoprotein resulted in increased voclosporin and substrate exposures, respectively. Appropriate concentration and safety monitoring is recommended with co-administration of voclosporin and P-glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors.
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Larouche R, Oyeyemi AL, Prista A, Onywera V, Akinroye KK, Tremblay MS. A systematic review of active transportation research in Africa and the psychometric properties of measurement tools for children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:129. [PMID: 25326031 PMCID: PMC4210576 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous systematic reviews indicate that active transportation (AT; the use of non-motorized travel modes such as walking, running and cycling) is an important source of daily physical activity (PA). However, no previous systematic review has examined travel behaviours among African children and youth or the psychometric properties of measurement tools used among children and youth worldwide. Methods Studies on AT among African children and youth (aged 5–17 years) were identified through 1) the MEDLINE and Embase databases; 2) manual searches of six African journals that are not indexed in these databases; and 3) the articles included in a previous systematic review on PA among children and youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Second, literature on the psychometric properties of measurement tools for children and youth was searched using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo, SportDiscus, and Health and Psychosocial Instruments databases. Study quality was assessed with a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist. Results Twenty studies reported original data on AT among African children and youth. This evidence suggests that rates of AT to/from school are lower in urban areas and in youth attending higher SES schools. Two population-based studies reported rates of AT ranging between 19.8% and 66.6% in multiple countries. Studies conducted in Africa seldom examined non-school travel and only one reported data on the psychometric properties of their measures of travel behaviours. Nineteen studies conducted predominantly in high-income countries provided psychometric data. Child and parent reports were used in 17 studies, and these measures generally showed substantial to almost perfect test-retest reliability and convergent validity for school trips. Limited information was available regarding non-school trips. Objective measures of travel behaviours have been used much less often, and further validity and reliability assessments are warranted. Conclusion These findings emphasize a need for more research examining travel behaviours among African children and youth, particularly for non-school travel. Further research is needed to develop valid and reliable measures of non-school travel and to examine their psychometric properties in the African context. These measures could then be used to evaluate AT promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Larouche
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Room R242, Ottawa K1H 8L1, ON, Canada.
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Larouche R, Biais J, Desfossés ME, Bahig H. Poster - Thur Eve - 73: Follow up of a new bladder preparation protocol when treating the prostate. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4894934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- A G LeBlanc
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Population Health, Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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