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Manzini J, Hoshika Y, Sicard P, De Marco A, Ferrini F, Pallozzi E, Neri L, Baraldi R, Paoletti E, Moura BB. Detection of morphological and eco-physiological traits of ornamental woody species to assess their potential Net O 3 uptake. Environ Res 2024; 252:118844. [PMID: 38579998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Urban greening can improve cities' air quality by filtering the main gaseous pollutants such as tropospheric ozone (O3). However, the pollutant removal capacity offered by woody species strongly depends on eco-physiological and morphological traits. Woody species with higher stomatal conductance (gs) can remove more gases from the atmosphere, but other species can worsen air quality due to high O3 forming potential (OFP), based on their emitting rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) and Leaf Mass per Area (LMA). Presently, there is a lack of data on eco-physiological (gs, bVOCs emissions) and foliar traits (LMA) for several ornamental species used in urban greening programs, which does not allow assessment of their O3 removal capacity and OFP. This study aimed to (i) parameterize gs, assess bVOCs emissions and LMA of 14 ornamental woody species commonly used in Mediterranean urban greening, and (ii) model their Net O3 uptake. The gs Jarvis model was parameterized considering various environmental conditions alongside isoprene and monoterpene foliar bVOCs emission rates trapped in the field and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results are helpful for urban planning and landscaping; suggesting that Catalpa bignonioides and Gleditsia triacanthos have excellent O3 removal capacity due to their high maximum gs (gmax) equal to 0.657 and 0.597 mol H2O m-2 s-1. Regarding bVOCs, high isoprene (16.75 μg gdw-1 h-1) and monoterpene (13.12 μg gdw-1 h-1) emission rates were found for Rhamnus alaternus and Cornus mas. In contrast, no bVOCs emissions were detected for Camellia sasanqua and Paulownia tomentosa. In conclusion, 11 species showed a positive Net O3 uptake, while the use of large numbers of R. alaternus, C. mas, and Chamaerops humilis for urban afforestation planning are not recommended due to their potential to induce a deterioration of outdoor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Manzini
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy.
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 Route du Pin Montard, BP 234, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France; National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea" (INCDS), 077030, Voluntari, Romania
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Torino, Strada delle Cacce, 73, 10135, Torino (To), Italy
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
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2
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Sillo F, Neri L, Calvo A, Zampieri E, Petruzzelli G, Ferraris I, Delledonne M, Zaldei A, Gioli B, Baraldi R, Balestrini R. Correlation between microbial communities and volatile organic compounds in an urban soil provides clues on soil quality towards sustainability of city flowerbeds. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23594. [PMID: 38205296 PMCID: PMC10776942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil functionality is critical to the biosphere as it provides ecosystem services relevant for a healthy planet. The soil microbial composition is significantly impacted by anthropogenic activities, including urbanization. In this context, the study of soil microorganisms associated to urban green spaces has started to be crucial toward sustainable city development. Microbes living in the soil produce and degrade volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The VOC profiles may be used to distinguish between soils with various characteristics and management practices, reflecting variations in the activity of soil microbes that use a variety of metabolic pathways. Here, a combined approach based on DNA metabarcoding and GC-MS analysis was used to evaluate the soil quality from urban flowerbeds in Prato (Tuscany, Italy) in terms of microbial biodiversity and VOC emission profiles, with the final aim of evaluating the possible correlation between composition of microbial community and VOC patterns. Results showed that VOCs in the considered soil originated from anthropic and biological activity, and significant correlations between specific microbial taxa and VOCs were detected. Overall, the study demonstrated the feasibility of the use of microbe-VOC correlation as a proxy for soil quality assessment in urban soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna and Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alice Calvo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Zampieri
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianniantonio Petruzzelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Ferraris
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zaldei
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna and Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna and Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna and Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
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3
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Maggini V, Bertazza G, Gallo E, Mascherini V, Calvi L, Marra C, Michelucci F, Liberati C, Trassi A, Baraldi R, Firenzuoli F. The Different Phytochemical Profiles of Salvia officinalis Dietary Supplements Labelled for Menopause Symptoms. Molecules 2023; 29:94. [PMID: 38202677 PMCID: PMC10779573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical screening of four commercial products containing Salvia officinalis was carried out. Total phenolic content was estimated spectrophotometrically through the use of the Folin-Ciocalteau method, flavonoid content was measured through the use of aluminum chloride and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric assays, and isoflavones and α/β-thujones were analyzed through the use of high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and the gas chromatographic method. The analyses revealed the absence of thujones and isoflavones (i.e., genistin, genistein, and daidzein) in all four different extracts. The content of polyphenolic compounds varied among the samples, with the extract T being richer in both polyphenols and flavonoids than the other products by 1.8-3.2 and 1.4-4.0 times, respectively (p-value < 0.05). These results highlight the importance of quality control in salvia-based products since a thujone-free extract rich in polyphenols and flavonoids could be a good candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies to identify an effective herbal approach suitable for the long-term therapy of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maggini
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine—CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Gianpaolo Bertazza
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Eugenia Gallo
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine—CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Vittorio Mascherini
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine—CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Calvi
- Independent Researcher, Via Fratelli Cervi 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Marra
- Casa Medica, Via Camozzi 77, 24121 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Francesca Michelucci
- DAI Anesthesia and Rianimation, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Anna Trassi
- General Practioner ASL Central Tuscany, Piazza IV Novembre 28, 51035 Pistoia, Italy;
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine—CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.G.); (V.M.)
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Raio A, Brilli F, Neri L, Baraldi R, Orlando F, Pugliesi C, Chen X, Baccelli I. Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Ep2.2 inhibits growth of Botrytis cinerea through the emission of volatile organic compounds, restricts leaf infection and primes defense genes. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1235669. [PMID: 37849842 PMCID: PMC10577304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1235669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Stenotrophomonas rhizophila is known to be beneficial for plants and has been frequently isolated from the rhizosphere of crops. In the present work, we isolated from the phyllosphere of an ornamental plant an epiphytic strain of S. rhizophila that we named Ep2.2 and investigated its possible application in crop protection. Compared to S. maltophilia LMG 958, a well-known plant beneficial species which behaves as opportunistic human pathogen, S. rhizophila Ep2.2 showed distinctive features, such as different motility, a generally reduced capacity to use carbon sources, a greater sensitivity to fusidic acid and potassium tellurite, and the inability to grow at the human body temperature. S. rhizophila Ep2.2 was able to inhibit in vitro growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea through the emission of volatile compounds. Simultaneous PTR-MS and GC-MS analyses revealed the emission, by S. rhizophila Ep2.2, of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with well-documented antifungal activity, such as furans, sulphur-containing compounds and terpenes. When sprayed on tomato leaves and plants, S. rhizophila Ep2.2 was able to restrict B. cinerea infection and to prime the expression of Pti5, GluA and PR1 plant defense genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Raio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Orlando
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
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5
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Donelli D, Meneguzzo F, Antonelli M, Ardissino D, Niccoli G, Gronchi G, Baraldi R, Neri L, Zabini F. Effects of Plant-Emitted Monoterpenes on Anxiety Symptoms: A Propensity-Matched Observational Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2773. [PMID: 36833470 PMCID: PMC9957398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immersive experiences in green areas, particularly in forests, have long been known to produce beneficial effects for human health. However, the exact determinants and mechanisms leading to healthy outcomes remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this observational cohort study was to investigate whether inhaling plant-emitted biogenic volatile compounds, namely monoterpenes (MTs), can produce specific effects on anxiety symptoms. Data from 505 subjects participating in 39 structured forest therapy sessions at different Italian sites were collected. The air concentration of monoterpenes was measured at each site. STAI state questionnaires were administered before and after the sessions as a measure of anxiety. A propensity score matching analysis was then performed, considering an above-average exposure to inhalable air MTs as the treatment. The estimated effect was -1.28 STAI-S points (95% C.I. -2.51 to -0.06, p = 0.04), indicating that the average effect of exposure to high MT air concentrations during forest therapy sessions was to decrease anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Donelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, I-43121 Parma, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, I-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Central Scientific Committee, Italian Alpine Club, 19 Via E. Petrella, I-20124 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Antonelli
- Department of Public Health, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, I-43121 Parma, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, I-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, I-43121 Parma, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, I-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gronchi
- Section of Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Federica Zabini
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Brilli F, Pignattelli S, Baraldi R, Neri L, Pollastri S, Gonnelli C, Giovannelli A, Loreto F, Cocozza C. Root Exposure to 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Affects Leaf Element Accumulation, Isoprene Emission, Phytohormonal Balance, and Photosynthesis of Salt-Stressed Arundo donax. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084311. [PMID: 35457125 PMCID: PMC9028702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arundo donax has been recognized as a promising crop for biomass production on marginal lands due to its superior productivity and stress tolerance. However, salt stress negatively impacts A. donax growth and photosynthesis. In this study, we tested whether the tolerance of A. donax to salinity stress can be enhanced by the addition of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a known promoter of plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Our results indicated that root exposure to ALA increased the ALA levels in leaves along the A. donax plant profile. ALA enhanced Na+ accumulation in the roots of salt-stressed plants and, at the same time, lowered Na+ concentration in leaves, while a reduced callose amount was found in the root tissue. ALA also improved the photosynthetic performance of salt-stressed apical leaves by stimulating stomatal opening and preventing an increase in the ratio between abscisic acid (ABA) and indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), without affecting leaf methanol emission and plant growth. Supply of ALA to the roots reduced isoprene fluxes from leaves of non-stressed plants, while it sustained isoprene fluxes along the profile of salt-stressed A. donax. Thus, ALA likely interacted with the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and modulate the synthesis of either ABA or isoprene under stressful conditions. Overall, our study highlights the effectiveness of ALA supply through soil fertirrigation in preserving the young apical developing leaves from the detrimental effects of salt stress, thus helping of A. donax to cope with salinity and favoring the recovery of the whole plant once the stress is removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-5522-5590; Fax: +39-05-5522-5666
| | - Sara Pignattelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy (IBBR-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (IBE-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (IBE-CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Alessio Giovannelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 5001 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocozza
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protectio, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (F.L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via San Bon-Aventura 13, 50145 Firenze, Italy
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Meneguzzo F, Albanese L, Antonelli M, Baraldi R, Becheri FR, Centritto F, Donelli D, Finelli F, Firenzuoli F, Margheritini G, Maggini V, Nardini S, Regina M, Zabini F, Neri L. Correction: Meneguzzo et al. Short-Term Effects of Forest Therapy on Mood States: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9509. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19053034. [PMID: 35270839 PMCID: PMC8910475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Meneguzzo
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Italian Alpine Club, 19 Via E. Petrella, I-20124 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (F.Z.); Tel.: +39-392-985-0002 (F.M.); +39-333-379-2947 (F.Z.)
| | - Lorenzo Albanese
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Michele Antonelli
- Local Public Health Authority, AUSL- IRCCS, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 101 Via Gobetti, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (L.N.)
| | | | - Francesco Centritto
- “Cesare Alfieri” Political Science School, University of Florence, 60 Via Vittorio Locchi, I-50141 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Davide Donelli
- Local Public Health Authority, AUSL- IRCCS, I-42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Franco Finelli
- Italian Alpine Club, 19 Via E. Petrella, I-20124 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, I-50134 Florence, Italy; (F.F.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Valentina Maggini
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, I-50134 Florence, Italy; (F.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Sara Nardini
- A.M.I.S.I. Italian Medical Association for the Study of Hypnosis, 28 Via Paisiello, I-20131 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marta Regina
- Mindfulness Association UK, Edinburgh EH9 1AR, UK;
| | - Federica Zabini
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (F.Z.); Tel.: +39-392-985-0002 (F.M.); +39-333-379-2947 (F.Z.)
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 101 Via Gobetti, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (L.N.)
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8
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Brilli F, Dani KGS, Pasqualini S, Costarelli A, Cannavò S, Paolocci F, Zittelli GC, Mugnai G, Baraldi R, Loreto F. Exposure to different light intensities affects emission of volatiles and accumulations of both pigments and phenolics in Azolla filiculoides. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13619. [PMID: 34988977 PMCID: PMC9305523 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many agronomic trials demonstrated the nitrogen-fixing ability of the ferns Azolla spp. and its obligate cyanobiont Trichormus azollae. In this study, we have screened the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and analyzed pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids) as well as phenolic compounds in Azolla filiculoides-T. azollae symbionts exposed to different light intensities. Our results revealed VOC emission mainly comprising isoprene and methanol (~82% and ~13% of the overall blend, respectively). In particular, by dissecting VOC emission from A. filiculoides and T. azollae, we found that the cyanobacterium does not emit isoprene, whereas it relevantly contributes to the methanol flux. Enhanced isoprene emission capacity (15.95 ± 2.95 nmol m-2 s-1 ), along with increased content of both phenolic compounds and carotenoids, was measured in A. filiculoides grown for long-term under high (700 μmol m-2 s-1 ) rather than medium (400 μmol m-2 s-1 ) and low (100 μmol m-2 s-1 ) light intensity. Moreover, light-responses of chlorophyll fluorescence demonstrated that A. filiculoides was able to acclimate to high growth light. However, exposure of A. filiculoides from low (100 μmol m-2 s-1 ) to very high light (1000 μmol m-2 s-1 ) did not affect, in the short term, photosynthesis, but slightly decreased isoprene emission and leaf pigment content whereas, at the same time, dramatically raised the accumulation of phenolic compounds (i.e. deoxyanthocyanidins and phlobaphenes). Our results highlight a coordinated photoprotection mechanism consisting of isoprene emission and phenolic compounds accumulation employed by A. filiculoides to cope with increasing light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - K. G. Srikanta Dani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Stefania Pasqualini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Alma Costarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Sara Cannavò
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Francesco Paolocci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)PerugiaItaly
| | | | - Gianmarco Mugnai
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)BolognaItaly
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly
- Department of BiologyThe University of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
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9
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Pellegrini E, Cotrozzi L, Neri L, Baraldi R, Carrari E, Nali C, Lorenzini G, Paoletti E, Hoshika Y. Stress markers and physiochemical responses of the Mediterranean shrub Phillyrea angustifolia under current and future drought and ozone scenarios. Environ Res 2021; 201:111615. [PMID: 34216612 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean plants are particularly threatened by the exacerbation of prolonged periods of summer drought and increasing concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3). The aims of the present study were to (i) test if selected markers (i.e., reactive oxygen species, ROS; malondialdehyde, MDA; photosynthetic pigments) are able to discriminate the oxidative pressure due to single and combined stress conditions, and (ii) elucidate the physiochemical adjustments adopted by Phillyrea angustifolia (evergreen woody species representative of the maquis, also known as narrow-leaved mock privet) to perceive and counter to drought and/or O3. Plants were grown from May to October under the combination of two levels of water irrigation [i.e., well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS)] and three levels of O3 [i.e., 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the ambient air concentrations, i.e. AA (current O3 scenario), 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA (future O3 scenarios), respectively], using a new-generation O3 Free Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) system. Overall, this species appeared relatively sensitive to drought (e.g., net CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance significantly decreased, as well as total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents), and tolerant to O3 (e.g., as confirmed by the absence of visible foliar injury, the unchanged values of total carotenoids, and the detrimental effects on stomatal conductance, total chlorophylls and terpene emission only under elevated O3 concentrations). The combination of both stressors led to harsher oxidative stress. Only when evaluated together (i.e., combining the information provided by the analysis of each stress marker), ROS, MDA and photosynthetic pigments, were suitable stress markers to discriminate the differential oxidative stress induced by drought and increasing O3 concentrations applied singly or in combination: (i) all these stress markers were affected under drought per se; (ii) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MDA increased under O3per se, following the gradient of O3 concentrations (H2O2: about 2- and 4-fold higher; MDA: +22 and + 91%; in 1.5 × AA_WW and 2.0 × AA_WW, respectively); (iii) joining together the ROS it was possible to report harsher effects under 2.0 × AA_WS and 1.5 × AA_WS (both anion superoxide and H2O2 increased) than under 2.0 × AA_WW (only H2O2 increased); and (iv) MDA showed harsher effects under 2.0 × AA_WS than under 1.5 × AA_WS (increased by 49 and 18%, respectively). Plants activated physiological and biochemical adjustments in order to partially avoid (e.g., stomatal closure) and tolerate (e.g., increased terpene emission) the effects of drought when combined with increasing O3 concentrations, suggesting that the water use strategy (isohydric) and the sclerophyllous habit can further increase the plant tolerance to environmental constraints in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute of BioEconomy, IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of BioEconomy, IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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10
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Paoletti E, Hoshika Y, Arab L, Martini S, Cotrozzi L, Weber D, Ache P, Neri L, Baraldi R, Pellegrini E, Müller HM, Hedrich R, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Date palm responses to a chronic, realistic ozone exposure in a FACE experiment. Environ Res 2021; 195:110868. [PMID: 33581095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Date palms are highly economically important species in hot arid regions, which may suffer ozone (O3) pollution equivalently to heat and water stress. However, little is known about date palm sensitivity to O3. Therefore, to identify their resistance mechanisms against elevated O3, physiological parameters (leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf pigments) and biomass growth responses to realistic O3 exposure were tested in an isoprene-emitting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Nabut Saif) by a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facility with three levels of O3 (ambient [AA, 45 ppb as 24-h average], 1.5 x AA and 2 x AA). We found a reduction of photosynthesis only at 2 x AA although some foliar traits known as early indicators of O3 stress responded already at 1.5 x AA, such as increased dark respiration, reduced leaf pigment content, reduced maximum quantum yield of PSII, inactivation of the oxygen evolving complex of PSII and reduced performance index PITOT. As a result, O3 did not affect most of the growth parameters although significant declines of root biomass occurred only at 2 x AA. The major mechanism in date palm for reducing the severity of O3 impacts was a restriction of stomatal O3 uptake due to low stomatal conductance and O3-induced stomatal closure. In addition, an increased respiration in elevated O3 may indicate an enhanced capacity of catabolizing metabolites for detoxification and repair. Interestingly, date palm produced low amounts of monoterpenes, whose emission was stimulated in 2 x AA, although isoprene emission declined at both 1.5 and 2 x AA. Our results warrant more research on a biological significance of terpenoids in plant resistance against O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paoletti
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy.
| | - Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sofia Martini
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel Weber
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Phytoprove Pflanzenanalytik, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Neri
- IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Heike M Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany; King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
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11
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Hoshika Y, Brilli F, Baraldi R, Fares S, Carrari E, Zhang L, Badea O, Paoletti E. Ozone impairs the response of isoprene emission to foliar nitrogen and phosphorus in poplar. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115679. [PMID: 33254661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) impairs physiological processes of plants while nitrogen (N) deposition may cause imbalances in soil N and other nutrients such as phosphorus (P) suggesting an increase of P demand for plants. However, the combined effect of O3, soil N and P on isoprene emission from leaves has never been tested. We therefore examined isoprene emission in leaves of Oxford poplar clone exposed to O3 (ambient, AA [35.0 nmol mol-1 as daily mean]; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA), soil N (0 and 80 kg N ha-1) and soil P (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1) in July and September in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facility. We also investigated the response of isoprene emission to foliar N, P and abscisic acid (ABA) contents in September because the 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis produces ABA. We found that O3 increased isoprene emission in July, which was associated to increased dark respiration, suggesting an activation of metabolism against O3 stress as an initial response. However, O3 decreased isoprene emission in September which was associated to reduced net photosynthesis. In September, isoprene emission was positively correlated with leaf N content and negatively correlated with leaf P content in AA. However, no response of isoprene emission to foliar N and P was found in elevated O3, suggesting that the isoprene responses to foliar N and P depended on the O3 exposure levels. Isoprene emission rate in 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA increased with increasing leaf ABA content, indicating accelerated senescence of injured leaves to favor new leaf growth when high O3 and nutritional availability in the soil were combined. Even though foliar N and P usually act as a proxy for isoprene emission rate, the impact of recent abiotic factors such as O3 should be always considered for modeling isoprene emission under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Fares
- Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via dei Taurini 19, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- INCDS, 13 Septembrie, Sector 5, 050711, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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12
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Dani KGS, Torzillo G, Michelozzi M, Baraldi R, Loreto F. Isoprene Emission in Darkness by a Facultative Heterotrophic Green Alga. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:598786. [PMID: 33262779 PMCID: PMC7686029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is a highly reactive biogenic volatile hydrocarbon that strongly influences atmospheric oxidation chemistry and secondary organic aerosol budget. Many phytoplanktons emit isoprene like terrestrial pants. Planktonic isoprene emission is stimulated by light and heat and is seemingly dependent on photosynthesis, as in higher plants. However, prominent isoprene-emitting phytoplanktons are known to survive also as mixotrophs and heterotrophs. Chlorella vulgaris strain G-120, a unicellular green alga capable of both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth, was examined for isoprene emission using GC-MS and real-time PTR-MS in light (+CO2) and in darkness (+glucose). Chlorella emitted isoprene at the same rate both as a photoautotroph under light, and as an exclusive heterotroph while feeding on exogenous glucose in complete darkness. By implication, isoprene synthesis in eukaryotic phytoplankton can be fully supported by glycolytic pathways in absence of photosynthesis, which is not the case in higher plants. Isoprene emission by chlorophyll-depleted mixotrophs and heterotrophs in darkness serves unknown functions and may contribute to anomalies in oceanic isoprene estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. G. Srikanta Dani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Torzillo
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute for Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Pérez-Rodriguez MM, Piccoli P, Anzuay MS, Baraldi R, Neri L, Taurian T, Lobato Ureche MA, Segura DM, Cohen AC. Native bacteria isolated from roots and rhizosphere of Solanum lycopersicum L. increase tomato seedling growth under a reduced fertilization regime. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15642. [PMID: 32973225 PMCID: PMC7515909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In semiarid regions is important to use native strains best adapted to these environments to optimize plant-PGPR interaction. We aimed to isolate and characterize PGPR from roots and rhizosphere of a tomato crop, as well as studying the effect of its inoculation on tomato seedlings growth. We selected four strains considering their effectiveness of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, producing siderophores and indole acetic acid. They belong to the genera Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Cellulosimicrobium, and Ochrobactrum. In addition, we also analyzed the ability to solubilize Ca3(PO4)2, FePO4 and AlPO4 and the presence of one of the genes encoding the cofactor PQQ in their genome. Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4 showed the highest phosphorus solubilizing activity and presence of pqqE gene. Furthermore, in a tomato-based bioassay in speed-bed demonstrated that a sole inoculation at seedling stage with the strains increased dry weight of roots (49-88%) and shoots (39-55%), stem height (8-13%) and diameter (5-8%) and leaf area (22-31%) and were equal or even higher than fertilization treatment. Leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll levels were also increased (50-80% and 26-33%) compared to control. These results suggest that Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4 can be used as bio-inoculant in order to realize a nutrient integrated management.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Micaela Pérez-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5507, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia Piccoli
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5507, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Anzuay
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rita Baraldi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tania Taurian
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miguel Andrés Lobato Ureche
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5507, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diana María Segura
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5507, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana Carmen Cohen
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5507, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina.
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14
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Bari G, Scala A, Garzone V, Salvia R, Yalcin C, Vernile P, Aresta AM, Facini O, Baraldi R, Bufo SA, Vogel H, de Lillo E, Rapparini F, Falabella P. Corrigendum: Chemical Ecology of Capnodis tenebrionis (L.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Behavioral and Biochemical Strategies for Intraspecific and Host Interactions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:668. [PMID: 32695014 PMCID: PMC7333783 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bari
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Scala
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vita Garzone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Cem Yalcin
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Syngenta, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pasqua Vernile
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Osvaldo Facini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabino A Bufo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Enrico de Lillo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Rapparini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Raio A, Brilli F, Baraldi R, Neri L, Puopolo G. Impact of spontaneous mutations on physiological traits and biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas chlororaphis M71. Microbiol Res 2020; 239:126517. [PMID: 32535393 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three morphological mutants (M71a, M71b, M71c) of the antagonist Pseudomonas chlororaphis M71, naturally arose during a biocontrol trial against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersisci. In this study, the three mutants were investigated to elucidate their role in the biocontrol of plant pathogens. M71a and M71b phenotypes were generated by a mutation in the two-component system GacS/GacA. The mutation determined an increase in siderophore production and an impaired ability to release proteases, to swarm, to produce phenazine and AHLs and to colonize tomato roots. In vitro antagonistic activity against different plant pathogens was partially reduced in M71a, while M71b resulted effective only against Pythium ultimum. Biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersisci, was partially reduced in M71a and completely lost in M71b. M71c phenotype was impaired in swarming motility, did not produce biofilms and its antagonistic activity was similar to the parental M71 strain. M71c showed an enhanced ability to colonize tomato roots, on which its progeny in part reverted to the M71 parental phenotype. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by all four strains, inhibited the growth of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Seiridium cardinale in vitro. Real-time screening of VOCs by PTR-MS combined with GC-MS analysis, showed that methanethiol was the main component of the blend produced by all four M71 strains. However, the emissions of hydrogen cyanide, dimethyl disulfide, 1,3-butadiene and acetone were significantly affected by the three different mutations. These findings highlight that the simultaneous presence of different M71 phenotypes may improve, through the integration of different mechanisms, the ecological fitness and biocontrol efficacy of P. chlororaphis M71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Raio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy
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16
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Hoshika Y, De Carlo A, Baraldi R, Neri L, Carrari E, Agathokleous E, Zhang L, Fares S, Paoletti E. Ozone-induced impairment of night-time stomatal closure in O 3-sensitive poplar clone is affected by nitrogen but not by phosphorus enrichment. Sci Total Environ 2019; 692:713-722. [PMID: 31539979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal transpiration may be a key factor influencing water use in plants. Tropospheric ozone (O3) and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil can affect daytime water use through stomata, but the combined effects of O3, N and P on night-time stomatal conductance (gs) are not known. We investigated the effects of O3 and soil availability of N and P on nocturnal gs and the dynamics of stomatal response after leaf severing in an O3-sensitive poplar clone (Oxford) subjected to combined treatments over a growing season in an O3 free air controlled exposure (FACE) facility. The treatments were two soil N levels (0 and 80 kg N ha-1; N0 and N80), three soil P levels (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1; P0, P40 and P80) and three O3 levels (ambient concentration, AA [35.0 ppb as hourly mean]; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA). The analysis of stomatal dynamics after leaf severing suggested that O3 impaired stomatal closure execution. As a result, nocturnal gs was increased by 2.0 × AA O3 in August (+39%) and September (+108%). Night-time gs was correlated with POD0 (phytotoxic O3 dose) and increased exponentially after 40 mmol m-2 POD0. Such increase of nocturnal gs was attributed to the emission of ethylene due to 2.0 × AA O3 exposure, while foliar abscisic acid (ABA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) did not affect gs at night. Interestingly, the O3-induced stomatal opening at night was limited by N treatments in August, but not limited in September. Phosphorus decreased nocturnal gs, although P did not modify the O3-induced stomatal dysfunction. The results suggest that the increased nocturnal gs may be associated with a need to improve N acquisition to cope with O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Anna De Carlo
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Silvano Fares
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Bari G, Scala A, Garzone V, Salvia R, Yalcin C, Vernile P, Aresta AM, Facini O, Baraldi R, Bufo SA, Vogel H, de Lillo E, Rapparini F, Falabella P. Chemical Ecology of Capnodis tenebrionis (L.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Behavioral and Biochemical Strategies for Intraspecific and Host Interactions. Front Physiol 2019; 10:604. [PMID: 31191334 PMCID: PMC6545930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on several aspects of communication strategies adopted by adults of the Mediterranean flat-headed root-borer Capnodis tenebrionis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Morphological studies on the structures involved in mate recognition and acceptance revealed the presence of porous areas in the pronota in both sexes. These areas were variable in shape and size, but proportionally larger in males. The presence of chaetic, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla in the antennae of both males and females was verified. Bioassays revealed stereotyped rituals in males and the involvement of female pronotal secretions in mate recognition and acceptance. During the mating assays, the female’s pronotum was covered by a biologically inert polymeric resin (DenFilTM), which prevented males from detecting the secretions and from completing the copulation ritual. The use of the resin allowed for the collection of chemical compounds. GC-MS analysis of the resin suggested it may be used to retain compounds from insect body surfaces and revealed sex-specific chemical profiles in the cuticles. Since adult C. tenebrionis may use volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from leaves or shoots, the VOC emission profiles of apricot trees were characterized. Several volatiles related to plant-insect interactions involving fruit tree species of the Rosaceae family and buprestid beetles were identified. To improve understanding of how VOCs are perceived, candidate soluble olfactory proteins involved in chemoreception (odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins) were identified using tissue and sex-specific RNA-seq data. The implications for chemical identification, physiological and ecological functions in intraspecific communication and insect–host interactions are discussed and potential applications for monitoring presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bari
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Scala
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vita Garzone
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Cem Yalcin
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Syngenta, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pasqua Vernile
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Osvaldo Facini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabino A Bufo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Enrico de Lillo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Rapparini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Biometeorology Institute, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
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Podda A, Pisuttu C, Hoshika Y, Pellegrini E, Carrari E, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Cotrozzi L, Zhang L, Baraldi R, Neri L, Paoletti E. Can nutrient fertilization mitigate the effects of ozone exposure on an ozone-sensitive poplar clone? Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:340-350. [PMID: 30550899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We tested the independent and interactive effects of nitrogen (N; 0 and 80 kg ha-1), phosphorus (P; 0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1), and ozone (O3) application/exposure [ambient concentration (AA), 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA] for five consecutive months on biochemical traits of the O3-sensitive Oxford poplar clone. Plants exposed to O3 showed visible injury and an alteration of membrane integrity, as confirmed by the malondialdehyde by-product accumulation (+3 and +17% under 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA conditions, in comparison to AA). This was probably due to O3-induced oxidative damage, as documented by the production of superoxide anion radical (O2-, +27 and +63%, respectively). Ozone per se, independently from the concentrations, induced multiple signals (e.g., alteration of cellular redox state, increase of abscisic acid/indole-3-acetic acid ratio and reduction of proline content) that might be part of premature leaf senescence processes. By contrast, nutrient fertilization (both N and P) reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation (as confirmed by the decreased O2- and hydrogen peroxide content), resulting in enhanced membrane stability. This was probably due to the simultaneous involvement of antioxidant compounds (e.g., carotenoids, ascorbate and glutathione) and osmoprotectants (e.g., proline) that regulate the detoxification processes of coping with oxidative stress by reducing the O3 sensitivity of Oxford clone. These mitigation effects were effective only under AA and 1.5 × AA conditions. Nitrogen and P supply activated a free radical scavenging system that was not able to delay leaf senescence and mitigate the adverse effects of a general peroxidation due to the highest O3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Podda
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisuttu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Center for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Center for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Center for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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Brilli F, Pollastri S, Raio A, Baraldi R, Neri L, Bartolini P, Podda A, Loreto F, Maserti BE, Balestrini R. Root colonization by Pseudomonas chlororaphis primes tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) plants for enhanced tolerance to water stress. J Plant Physiol 2019; 232:82-93. [PMID: 30537616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens strain M71, a plant growth promoting bacterium (PGPB), exerts beneficial effects on plant metabolism and primes tolerance mechanisms against biotic stresses in tomatoes. We designed an experiment to assess whether root colonization with P. chlororaphis is also able to improve tolerance to water stress in tomatoes. Our results show that inoculation with P. chlororaphis stimulates the antioxidant activity of well-watered tomatoes while maintaining a steady-state level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases the expression of genes encoding for the biosynthesis of leaf terpenes, stimulates the production of both the phytohormones ABA and IAA, in turn affecting plant shape (number of leaves) and height (length of internodes), without altering photosynthesis. Upon exposure to mild water stress conditions, an improved antioxidant activity in tomatoes 'primed' by P. chlororaphis inoculation limited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves and thus enhanced tolerance, also through increase of the (osmolyte) proline content. Moreover, P. chlororaphis inoculation further enhanced the ABA level in leaves of water-stressed tomatoes allowing a more efficient modulation of stomatal closure that resulted in an improved water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Brilli
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Aida Raio
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Bartolini
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Podda
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Research Council of Italy - Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (CNR-DISBA), P. le Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Bianca Elena Maserti
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Carriero G, Neri L, Famulari D, Di Lonardo S, Piscitelli D, Manco A, Esposito A, Chirico A, Facini O, Finardi S, Tinarelli G, Prandi R, Zaldei A, Vagnoli C, Toscano P, Magliulo V, Ciccioli P, Baraldi R. Composition and emission of VOC from biogas produced by illegally managed waste landfills in Giugliano (Campania, Italy) and potential impact on the local population. Sci Total Environ 2018; 640-641:377-386. [PMID: 29864655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition in Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) of the biogas produced by seven landfills of Giugliano (Naples, Campania, Italy) was determined and VOC emission rates assessed to verify if these compounds represent a potential threat to the population living nearby. VOC composition in the biogas could not be predicted, as heterogeneous waste was dumped from the late 1980s to the early 2000s and then underwent biological degradation. No data are available on the amount and composition of VOC in the biogas before the landfills closure as no operational biogas collection system was present. In this study, VOC composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), after collecting samples from collection pipes and from soil fractures in cover soil or capping. Individual VOC were quantified and data compared with those collected at two landfills in Latium, when they were still in operation. Relevant differences were observed, mainly due to waste aging, but no specific VOC revealing toxic waste dumping was found, although the concurrent presence of certain compounds suggested that dumping of industrial wastes might have occurred. The average VOC emission was assessed and a dispersion model was run to find out if the emitted plume could affect the health of population. The results suggested that fugitive emissions did not represent a serious danger, since the concentrations simulated at the neighboring cities were below the threshold limits for acute and chronic diseases. However, VOC plume could cause annoyance at night when the steady state conditions of the atmosphere enhance pollutants accumulation in the lower layers. In addition, some of the emitted VOC, such as alkylbenzenes and monoterpenes, can contribute to tropospheric ozone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carriero
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luisa Neri
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Famulari
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy.
| | - Sara Di Lonardo
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Daniela Piscitelli
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy.
| | - Antonio Manco
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy.
| | - Adriano Chirico
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Facini
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Zaldei
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Piero Toscano
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ciccioli
- CNR-IMC, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, via Salaria 0015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
| | - Rita Baraldi
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
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21
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Murcia G, Fontana A, Pontin M, Baraldi R, Bertazza G, Piccoli PN. ABA and GA 3 regulate the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites related to alleviation from biotic and abiotic stresses in grapevine. Phytochemistry 2017; 135:34-52. [PMID: 27998613 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to synthesize a large number of organic compounds. Among them, primary metabolites are known to participate in plant growth and development, whereas secondary metabolites are mostly involved in defense and other facultative processes. In grapevine, one of the major fruit crops in the world, secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenols, are of great interest for the wine industry. Even though there is an extensive literature on the content and profile of those compounds in berries, scarce or no information is available regarding polyphenols in other organs. In addition, little is known about the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), ABA and GA3 (extensively used in table grapes) on the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in wine grapes. In table grapes, cultural practices include the use of GA3 sprays shortly before veraison, to increase berry and bunch size, and sugar content in fruits. Meanwhile, ABA applications to the berries on pre-veraison improve the skin coloring and sugar accumulation, anticipating the onset of veraison. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess and characterize primary and secondary metabolites in leaves, berries and roots of grapevine plants cv. Malbec at veraison, and changes in compositions after ABA and GA3 aerial sprayings. Metabolic profiling was conducted using GC-MS, GC-FID and HPLC-MWD. A large set of metabolites was identified: sugars, alditols, organic acids, amino acids, polyphenols (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) and terpenes (mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes). The obtained results showed that ABA applications elicited synthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes in all assessed tissues, as well as L-proline, acidic amino acids and anthocyanins in leaves. Additionally, applications with GA3 elicited synthesis of L-proline in berries, and mono- and sesquiterpenes in all the tissues. However, treatment with GA3 seemed to block polyphenol synthesis, mainly in berries. In conclusion, ABA and GA3 applications to grapevine plants cv. Malbec influenced the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites known to be essential for coping with biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Murcia
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, A. Brown 500, 5507 Chacras de Coria, Argentina.
| | - Ariel Fontana
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, A. Brown 500, 5507 Chacras de Coria, Argentina.
| | - Mariela Pontin
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, A. Brown 500, 5507 Chacras de Coria, Argentina; EEA-INTA La Consulta, CC8, 5567, La Consulta, Argentina.
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Instituto di Biometeorologia, CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Bertazza
- Instituto di Biometeorologia, CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patricia N Piccoli
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, A. Brown 500, 5507 Chacras de Coria, Argentina.
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Murcia G, Pontin M, Reinoso H, Baraldi R, Bertazza G, Gómez-Talquenca S, Bottini R, Piccoli PN. ABA and GA3 increase carbon allocation in different organs of grapevine plants by inducing accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, enhancement of phloem area and expression of sugar transporters. Physiol Plant 2016; 156:323-37. [PMID: 26411544 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grape quality for winemaking depends on sugar accumulation and metabolism in berries. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) have been reported to control sugar allocation in economically important crops, although the mechanisms involved are still unknown. The present study tested if ABA and gibberellin A3 (GA3) enhance carbon allocation in fruits of grapevines by modifying phloem loading, phloem area and expression of sugar transporters in leaves and berries. Pot-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec plants were sprayed with ABA and GA3 solutions. The amount of soluble sugars in leaves and berries related to photosynthesis were examined at three points of berry growth: pre-veraison, full veraison and post-veraison. Starch levels and amylase activity in leaves, gene expression of sugar transporters in leaves and berries and phloem anatomy were examined at full veraison. Accumulation of glucose and fructose in berries was hastened in ABA-treated plants at the stage of full veraison, which was correlated with enhancement of Vitis vinifera HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 2 (VvHT2) and Vitis vinifera HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 6 (VvHT6) gene expression, increases of phloem area and sucrose content in leaves. On the other hand, GA3 increased the quantity of photoassimilates delivered to the stem thus increasing xylem growth. In conclusion, stimulation of sugar transport by ABA and GA3 to berries and stems, respectively, was due to build-up of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, modifications in phloem tissue and modulation in gene expression of sugar transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Murcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Mariela Pontin
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal, EEA-INTA La Consulta, La Consulta, Argentina
| | - Herminda Reinoso
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Instituto di Biometeorologia, CNR, Bologna, Italia
| | | | | | - Rubén Bottini
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Patricia N Piccoli
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
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Rapparini F, Baraldi R, Bertazza G, Branzanti B, Predieri S. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated fruit trees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00221589.1994.11516551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Meshekow J, Amin R, Chern J, Metzger W, Barshay V, Mahne A, Amin S, Tsai D, Lackman R, Baraldi R. Interventional techniques in musculoskeletal oncology and the development of a multidisciplinary musculoskeletal oncology service - a single institutional experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Yan K, Yu Y, Tinney E, Baraldi R, Liao L. Clinical study of a noninvasive multimodal sono-contrast induced spectroscopy system for breast cancer diagnosis. Med Phys 2013; 39:1571-8. [PMID: 22380389 DOI: 10.1118/1.3689811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a noninvasive multimodal sono-contrast induced spectroscopy (SCIS) system for breast cancer detection. METHODS An IRB approved clinical study was carried out to evaluate its diagnostic power. A total of 66 subjects were enrolled with informed consent. The study data were grouped into healthy breast tissue (26), histologically proven cancer (14), and benign mass (26). The diffuse reflectance optical intensity and low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) signals, as well as ultrasound images, were collected during each study. The ratio of optical intensities at wavelengths 685 and 830 nm was analyzed using wavelet technique to compare the LIFU effects in cancer and noncancerous tissues. The ultrasound images were also processed to obtain tissue texture parameters, such as correlation, energy, contrast, homogeneity, etc. Backward stepwise regression method was performed to identify the statistically significant factors correlating to tissue types (cancer vs benign mass). RESULTS Comparison of the optical signals showed that LIFU induced transitory fluctuation in noncancerous tissue, but not in malignant tissue, as quantified by the ratio of mean absolute deviation (RMAD) of the high frequency component. Statistical analysis revealed that the RMAD ratios were significantly different in tumor vs noncancerous masses (p ≪ 0.01). For tissue texture parameters, energy and correlation were found to statistically correlate with the tissue types. A cancer characterization model was developed using the weighted factors to differentiate the tumor from the benign mass. Trade-off between sensitivity and specificity was obtained by varying the threshold value that estimated the upper-bound of the cancer output factor, from which the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated. The characterization model was optimized using ten modeling datasets and verified using another ten validation datasets randomly generated from the database. The optimization results show that an AUC of 0.93 can be achieved. With threshold 0.3, sensitivity of 96.0%, specificity of 84.1%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.3% can be achieved. CONCLUSIONS The feasibility of the multimodal system in characterizing breast cancer vs benign mass is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Saebo A, Hanslin H, Baraldi R, Rapparini F, Gawronska H, Gawronski S. CHARACTERIZATION OF URBAN TREES AND SHRUBS FOR PARTICULATE DEPOSITION, CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND BVOC EMISSIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2013.990.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chieco C, Rotondi A, Morrone L, Rapparini F, Baraldi R. An ethanol-based fixation method for anatomical and micro-morphological characterization of leaves of various tree species. Biotech Histochem 2012; 88:109-19. [PMID: 23244233 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.746472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of formalin constitutes serious health hazards for laboratory workers. We investigated the suitability and performance of the ethanol-based fixative, FineFIX, as a substitute for formalin for anatomical and cellular structure investigations of leaves by light microscopy and for leaf surface and ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We compared the anatomical features of leaf materials prepared using conventional formalin fixation with the FineFIX. Leaves were collected from ornamental tree species commonly used in urban areas. FineFIX was also compared with glutaraldehyde fixation and air drying normally used for scanning electron microscopy to develop a new method for evaluating leaf morphology and microstructure in three ornamental tree species. The cytological features of the samples processed for histological analysis were well preserved by both fixatives as demonstrated by the absence of nuclear swelling or shrinkage, cell wall detachment or tissue flaking, and good presentation of cytoplasmic vacuolization. In addition, good preservation of surface details and the absence of shrinkage artefacts confirmed the efficacy of FineFIX fixation for SEM analysis. Cuticular wax was preserved only in air dried samples. Samples treated with chemical substances during the fixation and dehydration phases showed various alterations of the wax structures. In some air dried samples a loss of turgidity of the cells was observed that caused general wrinkling of the epidermal surfaces. Commercial FineFIX is an adequate substitute for formalin in histology and it can be applied successfully also for SEM investigation, while reducing the health risks of glutaraldehyde or other toxic fixatives. To investigate the potential for plants to absorb and capture particulates in air, which requires preservation of the natural morphology of trichomes and epicuticular waxes, a combination of FineFIX fixation and air drying is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chieco
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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Ripullone F, Rivelli AR, Baraldi R, Guarini R, Guerrieri R, Magnani F, Pe Uelas J, Raddi S, Borghetti M. Effectiveness of the photochemical reflectance index to track photosynthetic activity over a range of forest tree species and plant water statuses. Funct Plant Biol 2011; 38:177-186. [PMID: 32480874 DOI: 10.1071/fp10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential of the photochemical resistance index (PRI) to track photosynthetic activity under water stress conditions by measuring PRI, leaf fluorescence, the xanthophyll cycle and photosynthetic activity in different forest tree species subjected to progressive drought. The PRI declined with pre-dawn water potential and a significant relationship between PRI and the xanthophyll de-epoxidation state (DEPS) was observed, although with large interspecific variability in the sensitivity of PRI to changes in DEPS. For single tree species, a strong relationship was observed on either PRI light saturated photosynthesis or PRI maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΔF/Fm'); a larger variability in both relationships was apparent when data from different species were pooled together. However, an improved correlation was shown only in the former relationship by plotting the ΔPRI (dawn PRI minus the midday PRI values). Thus, we conclude that PRI is able to provide a good estimate of maximum CO2 assimilation at saturating light and ΔF/Fm' for single tree species, despite the severe drought conditions applied. PRI should be applied more cautiously when dealing with multispecific forests because of confounding factors such as the strong interspecific differences in the initial value of PRI and in the sensitivity of PRI to changes in DEPS in response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ripullone
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - A R Rivelli
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - R Baraldi
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (CNR), via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - R Guarini
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - R Guerrieri
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - F Magnani
- Department of Fruit and Trees, University of Bologna, via Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Pe Uelas
- Global Ecology Unit, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Raddi
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Economics, Engineering, Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Via S. Bonaventura, 13 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - M Borghetti
- Department of Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Chiappetta A, Fambrini M, Petrarulo M, Rapparini F, Michelotti V, Bruno L, Greco M, Baraldi R, Salvini M, Pugliesi C, Bitonti MB. Ectopic expression of LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE gene and localized auxin accumulation mark embryogenic competence in epiphyllous plants of Helianthus annuus x H. tuberosus. Ann Bot 2009; 103:735-47. [PMID: 19151043 PMCID: PMC2707873 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The clone EMB-2 of the interspecific hybrid Helianthus annuus x H. tuberosus provides an interesting system to study molecular and physiological aspects of somatic embryogenesis. Namely, in addition to non-epiphyllous (NEP) leaves that expand normally, EMB-2 produces epiphyllous (EP) leaves bearing embryos on the adaxial surface. This clone was used to investigate if the ectopic expression of H. annuus LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE (Ha-L1L) gene and auxin activity are correlated with the establishment of embryogenic competence. METHODS Ha-L1L expression was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The endogenous level and spatial distribution of free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were estimated by a capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring method and an immuno-cytochemical approach. KEY RESULTS Ectopic expression of Ha-L1L was detected in specific cell domains of the adaxial epidermis of EP leaves prior to the development of ectopic embryos. Ha-L1L was expressed rapidly when NEP leaves were induced to regenerate somatic embryos by in vitro culture. Differences in auxin distribution pattern rather than in absolute level were observed between EP and A-2 leaves. More precisely, a strong IAA immuno-signal was detected in single cells or in small groups of cells along the epidermis of EP leaves and accompanied the early stages of embryo development. Changes in auxin level and distribution were observed in NEP leaves induced to regenerate by in vitro culture. Exogenous auxin treatments lightly influenced Ha-L1L transcript levels in spite of an enhancement of the regeneration frequency. CONCLUSIONS In EP leaves, Ha-L1L activity marks the putative founder cells of ectopic embryos. Although the ectopic expression of Ha-L1L seems to be not directly mediated by auxin levels per se, it was demonstrated that localized Ha-L1L expression and IAA accumulation in leaf epidermis domains represent early events of somatic embryogenesis displayed by the epiphyllous EMB-2 clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chiappetta
- Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Ecologia, Via P. Bucci, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - M. Fambrini
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie – Sezione di Genetica, Via Matteotti 1B, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Petrarulo
- Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Ecologia, Via P. Bucci, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - F. Rapparini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biometeorologia IBIMET – Sezione di Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - V. Michelotti
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie – Sezione di Genetica, Via Matteotti 1B, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Bruno
- Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Ecologia, Via P. Bucci, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - M. Greco
- Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Ecologia, Via P. Bucci, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - R. Baraldi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biometeorologia IBIMET – Sezione di Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Salvini
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie – Sezione di Genetica, Via Matteotti 1B, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Pugliesi
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie – Sezione di Genetica, Via Matteotti 1B, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. B. Bitonti
- Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Ecologia, Via P. Bucci, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Baraldi R, Isacchi B, Predieri S, Marconi G, Vincieri FF, Bilia AR. Distribution of artemisinin and bioactive flavonoids from Artemisia annua L. during plant growth. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Antognoni F, Zheng S, Pagnucco C, Baraldi R, Poli F, Biondi S. Induction of flavonoid production by UV-B radiation in Passiflora quadrangularis callus cultures. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:345-52. [PMID: 17512679 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Callus cultures from several species of Passiflora were initiated in vitro, and their capacity to produce four glycosyl flavonoids (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin) was analysed. The aim of the present work was to examine the possible role of UV-B irradiation and elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the production of these compounds in callus cultures. All the species tested (P. incarnata, P. quadrangularis, P. edulis) formed friable callus from leaf explants after 4 weeks on medium supplemented with kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Among them, P. quadrangularis turned out to have a faster growth rate and a more friable texture, and was therefore chosen for experiments with elicitors. In callus cultures only small amounts of isoorientin were found, while the concentration of the other flavonoids was below the detection limit. UV-B irradiation of calluses was able to increase the production of all four glycosyl flavonoids. After a 7-day exposure of cultures to UV-B light, the production of isoorientin reached concentrations similar to those found in fresh leaves from glasshouse-grown plants. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate also enhanced orientin, vitexin and isovitexin concentrations, even though the stimulation was about 6-fold weaker for orientin and vitexin and about 40-fold for isovitexin, than that exerted by UV-B treatment. Callus cultures treated with the UV-B dose which most enhanced flavonoid production showed a higher antioxidant activity compared to untreated calluses, with an increase ranging from 28% to 76%. Results show that the secondary metabolite biosynthetic capacity of Passiflora tissue cultures can be enhanced by appropriate forms of elicitation.
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Fambrini M, Bonsignori E, Rapparini F, Cionini G, Michelotti V, Bertini D, Baraldi R, Pugliesi C. Stem fasciated, a recessive mutation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus), alters plant morphology and auxin level. Ann Bot 2006. [PMID: 16845141 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mc1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant lateral organs such as leaves arise from a group of initial cells within the flanks of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Alterations in the initiation of lateral organs are often associated with changes in the dimension and arrangement of the SAM as well as with abnormal hormonal homeostasis. A mutation named stem fasciated (stf) that affects various aspects of plant development, including SAM shape and auxin level, was characterized in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). METHODS F1, F2 and F3 generations were obtained through reciprocal crosses between stf and normal plants. For the genetic analysis, a chi2 test was used. Phenotypic observations were made in field-grown and potted plants. A histological analysis of SAM, hypocotyl, epicotyl, stem and root apical meristem was also conducted. To evaluate the level of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring analysis was performed. KEY RESULTS stf is controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. stf plants are characterized by a dramatically increased number of leaves and vascular bundles in the stem, as well as by a shortened plastochron and an altered phyllotaxis pattern. By histological analysis, it was demonstrated that the stf phenotype is related to an enlarged vegetative SAM. Microscopy analysis of the mutant's apex also revealed an abnormal enlargement of nuclei in both central and peripheral zones and a disorganized distribution of cells in the L2 layer of the central zone. The stf mutant showed a high endogenous free IAA level, whereas auxin perception appeared normal. CONCLUSIONS The observed phenotype and the high level of auxin detected in stf plants suggest that the STF gene is necessary for the proper initiation of primordia and for the establishment of a phyllotactic pattern through control of both SAM arrangement and hormonal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fambrini
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie-Sezione di Genetica, via Matteotti 1/B, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Scialpi M, Baraldi R, Campioni P, Mannella P. Obstructive jaundice. Rays 2005; 30:263-7. [PMID: 16512074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The case of a 67-year-old male patient affected by ingravescent obstructive jaundice, calcific choledocholithiasis and cardiopathic hypertension, is presented. On sonography, marked dilatation of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts with a hyperechoic round neoformation was visualized. CT was performed to ascertain the nature of the lesion. However, it did not confirm the lithiasic nature of the stenosis. Sampling for ERCP was inadequate. Cholangiopancreatography was therefore necessary to establish a correct diagnosis and the subsequent therapeutic approach. Distal choledochal obstruction was evidenced, suspicious for lithiasis obstruction. A definitive diagnosis could not be established on exclusive imaging findings. Surgery was performed with the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma with lithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Scialpi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Anestesiologiche e Radiologiche Sezione di Diagnostica per Immagini, Università di Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Emission rates of monoterpenes released by apple (Malus domestica Borkh) and cherry (Prunus avium L.) were estimated at different phenological stages. These measurements employed a dynamic flow-through Teflon chamber, sample collection onto cartridges filled with graphitized carbon and thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification and quantification of the emitted volatiles. At full bloom the release of monoterpene hydrocarbons from cherry flowers was 1213 ng g(-1) dry weight (DW) h(-1), exceeding by approximately three-fold the emission rate of apple flowers (366 ng g(-1) DW h(-1)). Observed seasonal variations in biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions ranged over several order of magnitudes. At fruit-set and ripening stages, in fact, the hydrocarbon emission dramatically decreased reaching the lowest values at harvest time when leaves were fully mature (3-9 ng g(-1) DW h(-1)). Wide diversity in the composition of compounds from the species studied was also recorded. At blooming, linalool contributed significantly to the monoterpene emission from apple (94% of the emitted carbon) while alpha-pinene and camphene represented on average more than 60% of the total emitted volatiles from cherry flowers. Among the monoterpenes identified in flowers, alpha-pinene, camphene and limonene were also found in the foliage emission of both species. Fruit trees are relevant monoterpene emitters only at blooming and thus for a short period of the vegetative cycle. When leaves are fully developed, the carbon loss due to monoterpene emissions related to the photosynthetically carbon gain is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rapparini
- Istituto di Ecofisiologia delle Piante Arboree da Frutto, CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Lobello G, Fambrini M, Baraldi R, Lercari B, Pugliesi C. Hormonal influence on photocontrol of the protandry in the genus Helianthus. J Exp Bot 2000; 51:1403-1412. [PMID: 10944154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Under natural photoperiodic conditions protandry in hermaphrodite disc flowers of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is determined by the different elongation rates of the style and filaments. The elongation of the filament and style starts simultaneously after the daily dark period, but the style growth rate is slower. When plants close to anthesis are exposed to continuous white light (WL) a loss of protandry occurs: the filaments do not grow far enough to extrude the anthers from the corolla. The histological analyses show that the number of filament epidermal cells remains unaltered after organ elongation and that cells respond to photoperiod only by cell expansion. Emasculation does not substantially inhibit filament cell expansion, whereas isolation of the filament or stamen from the corolla suggests that this organ could be the perception site of the filament growth stimulus. In vitro treatments with auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA or alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) reverses the inhibition of cell expansion caused by continuous WL, whereas gibberellic acid (GA(3)) at high concentrations reproduces the effect of continuous WL. Experiments carried out on various Helianthus spp. show that all these plants have evolved the same photo- and hormonal-control of the protandry. In experiments in which the light treatments were continued for 24 h, the auxins drastically reduced the inhibiting effect of red light (R) and dichromatic treatments FR (far red)+R, whereas GA(3) repressed filament extension regardless of light quality. As far as auxins are concerned, the response of sunflower filaments does not appear to be connected with the polar transport of the hormone. Moreover, the promoting effect of darkness is not mediated by an increase of endogenous free IAA in disc flowers. However, sunflower filaments manifested a similar temporal pattern of response to the light/dark cycle and to auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lobello
- Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie, Sezione di Genetica, via Matteotti 1B, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
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Ghirardini G, Baraldi R, Bertellini C. Severe coital injury after Frank's creation of a neovagina. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 1999; 25:147-8. [PMID: 9987575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A neovagina was created by the Frank's dilatation method in a girl with vaginal agenesis. At the first coital attempt complete laceration of the cul de sac with copious bleeding occurred. Daily application of estrogen cream was the only therapy until complete healing after four weeks. Possible causes and therapeutic approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ghirardini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, City Hospital, Guastalla, Italy
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Ghirardini G, Baraldi R, Bertellini C, Bertoli C, Bianchini A, Castigliani GP, Pellegrino A, Capelli E, Canova S. Advantages of spinal anesthesia in abdominal gynecologic surgery. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 1998; 25:105-6. [PMID: 9856312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The advantages obtained in vaginal surgery and caesarean section using spinal anesthesia led us to test this anesthesia to verify feasibility, problems and advantages in abdominal surgery. Spinal anesthesia was performed in 60 patients between 21 and 87 years of age. Thirty-seven total abdominal hysterectomies with or without adnexectomy, 5 laparotomic miomectomies, 3 adnexectomies, 5 colposacropexies, 2 hysterectomies with lymphadenectomy, 7 Burch colposuspension with or without hysterectomy and 1 laparoscopy for sterilization were performed. No significant problems during surgery and the postoperative period were observed. Resumption of the different physiologic functions were more rapid, hospital stay shorter and compliance greater than with general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ghirardini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynacology, City Hospital Guastalla, Italy
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Abstract
A 13-year-old female adolescent presented with pelvic pain localized in the right lower abdominal quadrant with diffusion to the groin and internal thigh and worsened by marked leg abduction. No symptoms were detected on physical or sonography examination. The patient reported pain for a further 4 months with no moderation. A laparoscopy was performed, which showed normal adnexa and pelvic hollow. No adhesions were found. The uterus was normal in size and appearance, but the right round ligament presented with a partial detachment at cornual insertion. An inflammation was present. The decision was made to perform no surgical repair with the belief that pain would worsen. The pain gradually lessened, and in 1998 she remains pain free.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baraldi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, City Hospital, Guastalla, RE, Italy
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Rapparini F, Baraldi R, Bertazza G. Growth and carbohydrate status of Pyrus communis L plantlets inoculated with Glomus sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:19961010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Baraldi R, Cristoferi G, Facini O, Lercari B. THE EFFECT OF LIGHT QUALITY IN Prunus cerasus. I. PHOTORECEPTORS INVOLVED IN INTERNODE ELONGATION AND LEAF EXPANSION IN JUVENILE PLANTS. Photochem Photobiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Genazzani AR, Baraldi R, Volpe A. [Indications for the use of mesoglycan in obstetrics and gynecology]. Minerva Med 1986; 77:1945-8. [PMID: 2946992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bagni N, Baraldi R, Costa G. UPTAKE, TRANSLOCATION AND METABOLISM OF ALIPHATIC POLYAMINES IN LEAVES AND FRUITLETS OF MALUS DOMESTICA (CV. RUBY SPUR). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.1984.149.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zanoboni A, Zanoboni-Muciaccia W, Zanussi C, Baraldi R. Suppression of clonidine-induced release of growth hormone by thyrotropin releasing hormone in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1979; 2:347-51. [PMID: 119798 DOI: 10.1007/bf03349332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A single oral dose of clonidine (0.15 mg), a selective alpha-adrenergic stimulating agent, was able to increase plasma growth hormone (GH) levels (above 5 ng/ml) in 6 out of 7 normal men tested. This GH increase was independent of the hypotensive effect of the drug and was observed without any modification of plasma prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, gonadotropins and glycemia. When oral clonidine administration was associated to a slow thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) infusion (1 mg dissolved in 400 ml of 0.9% saline solution, at a constant rate during 150 min) the plasma GH response was significantly inhibited when compared with that observed after clonidine alone. These results suggest that in normal subjects TRH is capable of blocking the effect of an alpha-adrenergic stimulus which is conceivably acting at the level of central nervous system.
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