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Septarini NW, Chih H, Hendriks J, Maycock B, Burns S. Prevalence of Stigma and Discrimination Amongst Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender Women (Waria) in Bali, Indonesia. J Homosex 2024; 71:1419-1441. [PMID: 36826981 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2174470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (waria) in Indonesia experience stigma and discrimination. The prevalence of stigma and discrimination experienced by 416 MSM and waria living in Bali, Indonesia and associations with socio-demographic characteristics are described. High levels of stigma were reported by 50.5% of MSM and 62.7% of waria. Discrimination was reported by 35.5% of MSM and 72.4% of waria. Family rejection, or no family awareness of MSM status, equated to higher levels of stigma compared to those where MSM status was accepted. Homosexual and bisexual waria reported lower odds of experiencing stigma compared to heterosexual waria. MSM who were not single were twice as likely to experience discrimination compared to single participants. Non-Hindu MSM were nearly three times as likely to experience discrimination compared to Hindu participants. Waria who were studying were less likely to experience discrimination compared to those who reported regular employment jobs. Specific policy and practice to reduce experiences of stigma and/or discrimination specific to MSM and waria are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wayan Septarini
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - HuiJun Chih
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- European Centre for Environmental and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Devon, The United Kingdom
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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2
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Finch F, Parker P, Nollett C, Burns S. The novel application of the Lightning Process to treat Long COVID in primary care - Case report. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:248-252. [PMID: 38176975 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Long COVID (LC) is now prevalent in many countries. Little evidence exists regarding how this chronic condition should be treated, but guidelines suggest for most people it can be managed symptomatically in primary care. The Lightning Process is a trademarked positive psychology focused self-management programme which has shown to be effective in reducing fatigue and accompanying symptoms in other chronic conditions including Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. Here we outline its novel application to two patients with LC who both reported improvements in fatigue and a range of physical and emotional symptoms post-treatment and at 3 months follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Parker
- London Metropolitan University, UK
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3
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Smith J, t'Hart L, Leaversuch F, Walton A, Jameson G, Samsa H, Clarey M, Millar L, Burns S, Pollard CM. Promoting mental well-being in Western Australia: Act Belong Commit® mental health promotion campaign partners' perspectives. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae014. [PMID: 38386902 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Act Belong Commit® mental health promotion campaign aims to improve population mental well-being. Based on a social-franchising model, partnerships are sought with organizations offering 'mentally healthy activities' that foster social connectedness and mental well-being. There are four categories of partner organizations sought: Site (government agencies and health services), Associate (organizations with state-wide or national services), Community (local, grass-roots community groups) and Schools. This research explored organizational perceptions of the Act Belong Commit® Partnership Program. A purposive sample of 14 organizational representatives across all four partner categories participated in semi-structured interviews online or face-to-face between July and September 2021. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify three main themes: (a) A passion for promoting mental health; (b) Implementation, innovation, adaption and creation (e.g. the ability to adapt, create and deliver activities aligned with the campaign message; and (c) Future sustainability (e.g. recommendations for the sustainability of the programme). The use of reflexive thematic analysis enabled deeper insights into the complexity of the partnerships. Findings describe how the Act Belong Commit® Partnership Program supports mutually desirable objectives and extends the campaign reach. Embedded in a shared belief system that incorporates a passion for good mental health, the model supports the flexibility to adapt, create and deliver fit-for-purpose activities that promote mental well-being in the places where people live, work and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Smith
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Laura t'Hart
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Francene Leaversuch
- Centre for Aboriginal Studies, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Andrew Walton
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Gabriella Jameson
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hannah Samsa
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Meg Clarey
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Lynne Millar
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Enable Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Christina M Pollard
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Enable Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Whitehorne-Smith P, Martin R, Oshi D, Abel W, Milbourn B, Smith K, Burns S. A qualitative exploration of the health system responses to the screening and management of comorbid mental illness and chronic physical illness in Jamaica. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290975. [PMID: 38096252 PMCID: PMC10721042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with comorbid mental illness (MI) and chronic physical illness (CPI) face a range of health and quality of life challenges. The appropriate screening and management of comorbid MI and CPI are crucial to improving outcomes for this population. Despite this, there is a dearth of research exploring the health system response to the screening and management of patients with these comorbidities in public primary care settings, in several jurisdictions including Jamaica. This study explored and described the attitudes, perspectives, experiences, and practices of policymakers, primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and mental health nurses regarding screening and management of comorbid MI and CPI. METHOD Twenty-nine participants representing policymakers, primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and mental health nurses took part in semi-structured interviews. Data was collected over the period April to November 2020 and subject to thematic analysis. RESULTS Three overarching themes emerged from the data related to: 1) Policies and Protocols; 2) Clinical Practice; and 3) Personnel. The interplay of these themes illustrated fragmentation and gaps between national policies and guidelines and clinical practice. The findings also identified factors related to personnel, including barriers that limit clinicians' abilities to adequately screen and manage this patient population. CONCLUSION There is a need for the continued development and revision of policies and protocols that support integrated care for patients with comorbid MI and CPI in primary care settings in Jamaica. Additionally, programs and strategies to improve clinicans knowledge, skills and access to resources are necessary to help them offer improved quality of care around screening and management for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn Martin
- School of Global, Urban, and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Oshi
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Wendel Abel
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ben Milbourn
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kristen Smith
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Roux F, Chih HJ, Hendriks J, Burns S. Validation of an adolescent ovulatory menstrual health literacy questionnaire. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 63:588-593. [PMID: 37062904 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to face validate an adolescent ovulatory menstrual (OM) health literacy questionnaire and to measure reliability by test-retest. Draft questions from an earlier content validation were adjusted following face validity assessment with 28 adolescents. Test-retest reliability was assessed by 89 adolescents aged 14-18 years over a two-week period across four school sites. The mean levels of agreement recorded from the critical, interactive and functional health literacy domains were 83%, 74% and 68%, respectively. There were 44 out of 74 items with Kappa statistics >0.40. The questionnaire has confirmed face validity and adequate test-retest reliability for assessing adolescent OM health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Roux
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hui Jun Chih
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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6
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Logan B, Burns S. Stressors among young Australian university students: A qualitative study. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:1753-1760. [PMID: 34243688 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore stressors among young university students. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-nine 18- to 25-year-old university students. METHOD Four focus group discussions (n = 29) were conducted to explore mental health and stressors among domestic and international university students. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify emerging themes and relationships. RESULTS Five primary stressors emerged from the data: Balance, Interpersonal Relationships, Future Prospects, Performance Pressure and Financial Issues and Employment. Although many distinct relationships were identified between themes, "Balance" affected and influenced most other stressors. CONCLUSIONS Five stressors were identified, most of which related to a lack of balance and time-management. Too many competing commitments and difficulty prioritizing were key influences. Interventions and policy to address stressors in students may reduce student psychological stress. Universities can provide support for students to prioritize commitments, provide flexible study opportunities and offer financial guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Logan
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Hensel DJ, Mark KP, Abdelhamed A, Burns S, Esho T, Hendriks J, Jobim Fischer V, Ivanova O, Marks M, Michelsen K, Nimby F, Strizzi J, Tucker J, Uhlich M, Erausquin JT. Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors following the First COVID-19 Wave: Data from an International Study of 26 Countries. Int J Sex Health 2023; 35:459-480. [PMID: 38601728 PMCID: PMC10903556 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2224777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determine individual- and country-level factors associated with self-reported changes in solo and partnered sexual behaviors in an international sample of adults during COVID-19. Methods Data were from the International Sexual Health And REproductive Health during COVID-19 study (I-SHARE)-a cross-sectional, multi-country study (N = 26 countries) assessing adult (N = 19,654) sexual/reproductive health before and during the first wave of COVID-19. We examined self-reported changes (three-point scale: decreased, no change, increased) in solo masturbation, hugging/holding hands/cuddling with a partner, sex with a primary partner, sex with a casual partner, sexting with a partner, viewing sexually explicit media and partnered cybersex. Ordinal regression assessed the impact of individual (age, gender- and sexual-identity, romantic partnership status, employment and income stability, household change and content, mental well-being, changes in alcohol use, and changes in marijuana use) and country-level (e.g., Oxford Stringency Index, Human Development Index, and the Palma Ratio) factors on behavior change. Results The most common behavior to increase was hugging, kissing, or cuddling with a partner (21.5%), and the most common behavior to decrease was sex with a main partner (36.7%). Household factors like job/income instability and having children over the age of 12 years were significantly associated with decreased affectionate and sexual partnered sexual behaviors; more frequent substance use was linked to significantly increased solo, partnered, and virtual sexual behaviors. Conclusions Understanding changes in sexual behaviors-as well as the factors that make changes more or less likely among adults around the world-are important to ensure adequate sexual health support development for future public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J. Hensel
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kristen P. Mark
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amr Abdelhamed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Discipline of Health Promotion & Sexology, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Discipline of Health Promotion & Sexology, Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Vinicius Jobim Fischer
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Olena Ivanova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Marks
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kristien Michelsen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fillipo Nimby
- Foundation for Professional Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Jenna Strizzi
- Centre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joe Tucker
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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8
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Burns S, Bhoyroo R, Leavy JE, Portsmouth L, Millar L, Jancey J, Hendriks J, Saltis H, Tohotoa J, Pollard C. The Impact of the No Jab No Play and No Jab No Pay Legislation in Australia: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6219. [PMID: 37444067 PMCID: PMC10341108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Australia has a long history of population-based immunisation programs including legislations. This paper reports on a review of evaluations of the impact of the federal No Jab No Pay (NJNPay) and state implemented No Jab No Play (NJNPlay) legislations on childhood immunisation coverage and related parental attitudes. Five databases were searched for peer-review papers (Medline (Ovid); Scopus; PsycInfo; ProQuest; and CINAHL). Additional searches were conducted in Google Scholar and Informit (Australian databases) for grey literature. Studies were included if they evaluated the impact of the Australian NJNPay and/or NJNPlay legislations. Ten evaluations were included: nine peer-review studies and one government report. Two studies specifically evaluated NJNPlay, five evaluated NJNPay, and three evaluated both legislations. Findings show small but gradual and significant increases in full coverage and increases in catch-up vaccination after the implementation of the legislations. Full coverage was lowest for lower and higher socio-economic groups. Mandates are influential in encouraging vaccination; however, inequities may exist for lower income families who are reliant on financial incentives and the need to enrol their children in early childhood centres. Vaccine refusal and hesitancy was more evident among higher income parents while practical barriers were more likely to impact lower income families. Interventions to address access and vaccine hesitancy will support these legislations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ranila Bhoyroo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Justine E. Leavy
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Lynne Millar
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hanna Saltis
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Jenny Tohotoa
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Christina Pollard
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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9
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Tembo C, Portsmouth L, Burns S. Postnatal depression and its social-cultural influences among adolescent mothers: A cross sectional study. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0002025. [PMID: 37352145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In rural Malawi, adolescent mothers represent 31% of pregnancies. While some adolescent mothers experience motherhood as an exciting, positive, and affirming experience, for others, it may increase their risk of postnatal depression (PND). Social norms and culture contribute to adolescent mothers' experiences and may influence their mental health. However, there is limited research around the prevalence of PND and its cultural influences among adolescent mothers. A cross-sectional survey was administered from 7th September 2021 to 31st March 2022. Three hundred and ninety-five adolescent postnatal mothers aged ≤19 were conveniently recruited at Mitundu hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depression. A cutoff point of ≥ 10 was employed to categorize probable PND. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of depression. The mean age of participants was 17 (SD 1.157). and 43.6% (n = 172) presented with PND (EPDS scores ≥10). When all factors were considered in a binary logistic model, adolescents who had ever experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) were 13.6 times more likely to report PND after controlling for age and other predictors compared to those without an experience of IPV (aOR 13.6, p = 0.01, 95% CI 2.10-88.9). Participants whose families did not decide for them (regarding their care) were 2.3 times more likely to present with PND than those whose families decided for them (aOR 2.3 p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.04-5.2). Adolescent mothers who had interacted with their health worker were less likely to report PND than those who had no interaction with the health worker (aOR 0.4 P0.02, CI 0.17-0.67). Social and cultural factors can impact mental health of adolescent mothers. It is recommended that targeted and integrated interventions are developed, implemented. and evaluated. There is a need to improve policy and practice to better support adolescent mothers postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimwemwe Tembo
- Saint John of God Hospitaller Services Malawi, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Roux F, Chih H, Hendriks J, Burns S. Mixed Method Evaluation of My Vital Cycles ®: A Holistic School-Based Ovulatory Menstrual Health Literacy Program. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5964. [PMID: 37297568 PMCID: PMC10252248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of ovulatory menstrual (OM) dysfunctions among adolescents, and their menstrual health literacy is poor. The OM cycle can be used as a personal health monitor provided that the skills to understand it are correctly taught. My Vital Cycles®, a holistic school-based OM health literacy program, was trialed with a Grade 9 cohort in one single-sex school in Western Australia using the Health Promoting School framework. A validated OM health literacy questionnaire was administered pre- and post-program with 94 participants. Functional OM health literacy improved overall, with 15 out of 20 items showing improvement post-program (p < 0.05). In addition, 19 out of 53 items for interactive OM health literacy, and 18 out of 25 items for critical OM health literacy improved (p < 0.05). The improvement in mood concerns (p = 0.002) was unexpected. Thematic analysis of three focus groups of 18 girls revealed four themes of increasing comfort levels; finding the program informative; inclusion of non-teaching support such as healthcare professionals; and suggestions for future refinements. Overall, this Western Australian PhD project which developed and trialed My Vital Cycles® improved OM health literacy and was positively received. Future research possibilities include understanding the program's impact on mental health and further trials in co-educational settings; amongst different populations; and with extended post-program testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Roux
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - HuiJun Chih
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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11
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Nelson HJ, Angus B, Munns A, Ong S, Burns S. Models, theoretical design and formal evaluation of integrated specialist community health service provision for the first 2000 days: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070042. [PMID: 37225272 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This scoping review identifies evidence for design, models and evaluation of integrated care service provision for families and children in the first 2000 days, in the context of community-based specialised health, education and welfare services. DESIGN Scoping review following the Joanna Briggs scoping review method. DATA SOURCES Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane and PsycINFO. Grey literature used a manual search of original articles, and snowball technique to identify government and policy documents relevant to Australia. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Inclusion criteria were 'population' of prebirth to age 5; 'concept' of design, models and delivery of integrated specialist care for children and families; and 'context' of community-based specialised health, education and welfare services. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and free text searches were conducted in electronic database sources. Limits January 2010 to October 2022, full text, English language, human. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted independently by two authors using a piloted data extraction table and presented in table and narrative form. RESULTS Full text of 11 articles were reviewed, domains were coded using four domains of a framework identified in one reviewed article to maintain consistency of reporting; 'governance,' 'leadership,' 'organisational culture and ethos,' and 'front-line interdisciplinary practice.' A fifth domain was identified, 'access.' CONCLUSIONS Services providing integrated care for families in the early years will ideally be based on values generated through codesign with families and the community. Considerations include sound governance and leadership, shared vision, and commitment to providing accessible and culturally safe family-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany Angus
- Carey Community Resources, Harrisdale, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ailsa Munns
- School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Ong
- Child and Adolescent Community Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Almutairi N, Burns S, Portsmouth L. Nutritional Behaviour of Adolescents and the Impact of Covid-19 on A Diet in Saudi Arabia. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background
In recent decades, changes in food consumption among adolescents in Arabic speaking countries, including The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has resulted in increased burden of overweight and obesity. COVID-19 related restrictions have further impacted lifestyle and diet among adolescents in KSA.
Aim
The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, behaviour and dietary patterns of adolescents and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic related restrictions on these behaviours.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in six intermediate schools among 1500 adolescents (11-15 years) via an anonymous online survey. The Chi Square test was used to compare gender stratified nutritional knowledge, attitude and behaviour of adolescents and the impact of COVID-19 related restrictions. To determine the factors associated with nutritional change during COVID-19 lockdown, logistic regression was employed using the categorisation of nutritional change during COVID-19 restrictions versus no change in univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
A good level of nutrition-related knowledge and attitude was demonstrated both by female and male students, with 66% and 57% of participants scoring above the median of the total possible knowledge and attitude score, respectively. After adjusting for all variables, higher nutrition knowledge score predicted students to be less likely to report increased food consumption during COVID-19 restrictions, whereas students with higher nutrition attitude scores and with a higher risk of increased food consumption were more likely to increase food consumption during COVID-19 restrictions.
Conclusions
Unhealthy dietary habits among Saudi adolescents are of paramount public health concern and the COVID-19 restriction period exacerbated the pre-pandemic nutrition-related unhealthy behaviours. Therefore, school-based interventions aiming to promote healthy lifestyles and the wellbeing of Saudi adolescents and use of qualitative recall dietary diary is also crucial to develop programs that prevent unhealthy lifestyles in adolescents in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Almutairi
- 1School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- 3Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- 3Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Abstract
Introduction Despite schools' recognised role in mitigating childhood overweight, many schools fail to implement physical activity or nutrition strategies. The current study explored
the enablers and barriers to implementing obesity prevention strategies in
Jeddah, KSA. Methods This research is based on 14 semi-structured interviews with intermediate school principals and sports teachers to gain insight into their perception of barriers and enablers to implementing obesity prevention strategies. Themes were deductively generated from the data. Results Participants estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among their students to be between 3 and 15% with an increasing trend, particularly among female students. Participants identified five categories of barriers to implementation of obesity prevention intervention: curriculum; schools strategies promoting healthy weight; lack of resources; student’s lifstyle; and a lack of teachers in nutrition and sports. School regulations, staff and sufficient resources were the most frequently reported enablers. Participants also identified food services, awareness, and partnerships as barriers and enablers. Conclusion There is a need for better infrastructure and financial support for schools and professional development opportunities for teachers from the Saudi Ministry of Education. The Ministry also needs to support the development of multilevel health promotion strategies at school and home and reach out to the broader community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Almutairi
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Australia,Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Leith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,CONTACT Naif Almutairi ; School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth6845, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Australia,Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Australia,Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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14
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Francis J, Trapp G, Pearce N, Burns S, Cross D. School Built Environments and Bullying Behaviour: A Conceptual Model Based on Qualitative Interviews. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15955. [PMID: 36498029 PMCID: PMC9738177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in how the school built environment impacts bullying behaviour has gained momentum in recent years. While numerous studies have identified locations within schools where bullying frequently occurs, few studies have investigated the potential conceptual pathways linking school locations to bullying behaviour. This study aimed to (i) identify school built environment factors that may prevent or facilitate bullying behaviour in primary and secondary schools; and (ii) develop a conceptual model of potential pathways between the school built environment and bullying behaviour for future anti-bullying intervention research. Seventy individual semi-structured interviews were conducted between May and December 2020, with policymakers (n = 22), school staff (n = 12), parents (n = 18), and students (n = 18). School staff, parents and students, were recruited from six metropolitan primary and secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia. Interviews were conducted online and face-to-face using semi-structured interview guides. A thematic analysis was undertaken. Participants identified school bullying locations (e.g., locker areas, bathrooms, corridors) and built environment factors linked to bullying behaviour via (i) visibility and supervision; (ii) physical and psychological comfort and safety; and (iii) social-emotional competencies. The findings have policy and practice implications regarding the design of school built environments to prevent bullying behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Natasha Pearce
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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15
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Gizzarelli E, Burns S, Francis J. School staff responses to student reports of bullying: A scoping review. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 34:508-517. [PMID: 36436208 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Bullying in schools has been associated with poor academic and mental health outcomes in students. While students are often encouraged to report bullying incidents to school staff, some students avoid reporting incidents as they lack faith in staff members' ability to intervene. This scoping review explored what is known about: staff responses to student reports of bullying; individual and school factors influencing staff responses; and strategies to improve staff responses when students report bullying incidents. METHODS Articles published between 2000 and 2021 were identified from six databases: ProQuest, EMBASE, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Taylor & Francis. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in the final review. Three studies explored staff responses to student reports of bullying, while 12 studies examined responses to observed or hypothetical bullying incidents. Staff responses to student reports of bullying included no response, as well as responses addressing bullying targets, perpetrators, peers, and the school and wider community. Staff preparedness was a predictor of staff involvement following bullying incidents. Strategies to improve staff responses included whole-school antibullying programs and training to increase staff efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Few studies have examined real-life responses to student reports of bullying, with most addressing staff responses to hypothetical bullying incidents. Professional development and preservice education for school staff should address responses to student reports of bullying. SO WHAT?: Further research is needed to understand staff responses to real-life student reports of bullying. Addressing individual and school factors influencing staff responses may ultimately prevent bullying behaviour in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gizzarelli
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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16
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Francis J, Sachan P, Waters Z, Trapp G, Pearce N, Burns S, Lin A, Cross D. Gender-Neutral Toilets: A Qualitative Exploration of Inclusive School Environments for Sexuality and Gender Diverse Youth in Western Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10089. [PMID: 36011720 PMCID: PMC9407760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
School toilets have been identified by sexuality and gender diverse (SGD) students as the least safe spaces in educational institutions. They are sites of verbal, physical and sexual victimisation. Providing gender-neutral toilets in primary and secondary schools may reduce the bullying and victimisation of SGD students, particularly those who are transgender or gender-diverse. This study explored factors influencing the inclusion of gender-neutral toilets in primary and secondary schools in Western Australia. Thirty-four interviews were conducted from May to December 2020 with policy makers or practitioners (n = 22) and school staff (n = 12) in Perth, Western Australia. Interviews were conducted online and face-to-face using semi-structured interview guides. A thematic analysis of the cross-sectional qualitative data was undertaken. School staff, policy makers, and practitioners identified school toilets as sites of bullying and victimisation of SGD youth and expressed support for gender-neutral toilets as an anti-bullying strategy. Perceived barriers to introducing gender-neutral toilets in schools included financial and spatial costs, building code compliance constraints, resistance from parents and students, privacy and confidentiality concerns, and cultural appropriateness. Including gender-neutral toilets in schools may reduce school-based bullying and victimisation, and improve the mental and physical health of SGD youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Sachan
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zoe Waters
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Natasha Pearce
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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17
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Roux F, Burns S, Chih H, Hendriks J. The Use of a Two-Phase Online Delphi Panel Methodology to Inform the Concurrent Development of a School-Based Ovulatory Menstrual Health Literacy Intervention and Questionnaire. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:826805. [PMID: 35677755 PMCID: PMC9168325 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.826805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are a high prevalence of ovulatory-menstrual (OM) dysfunction and low levels of menstrual health literacy in adolescents, yet few evidence-based OM health education resources for schools. Method This two-phase study used an online Delphi methodology to build consensus across thirty-five purposively selected professionals from the diverse professions of health and education. The panellists were tasked to inform the development of a school-based OM health literacy resources. Results In Round One, 86% of panellists determined the scope of these resources using guided and open-ended questions. The study then split into two phases which ran concurrently. In the first phase informing the intervention's development, 57% of panellists participated in Round Two, and 29% reviewed selected lessons. In the second phase informing the questionnaire's development, 51% of panellists participated in Round Two, and 69% in Round Three. The overall consensus reached for the intervention phase and questionnaire phase were 82% and 84%, respectively. The Panel's recommendations included a strengths-based position to counter menstrual stigma, teaching accurate self-report of cycle biomarkers, addressing multiple menstrual dysfunctions and adopting a whole-school approach. Conclusion Although time-consuming and requiring a sustained interest, this two-phase Delphi methodology offered anonymity to panellists from distinct professions which facilitated their independent contribution to developing OM health literacy school resources.
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18
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Tembo CP, Burns S, Portsmouth L. Maternal mental health of adolescent mothers: a cross-sectional mixed-method study protocol to determine cultural and social factors and mental health needs in Lilongwe, Malawi. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056765. [PMID: 35568496 PMCID: PMC9109123 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence marks a transition of life from childhood to adulthood. Becoming a mother during adolescence presents unique challenges that have a significant mental and physical burden and may increase the likelihood of developing common mental disorders (CMDs). Untreated CMDs have serious effects on both the mother and her child. Culture constitutes an important context for most experiences, and affects how individuals seek help. However, there is limited research that has investigated how culture and social factors influence the adolescent mother's mental health during the postpartum period in Malawi. METHODS/DESIGN A cross-sectional sequential mixed methods design will be carried out in four phases. Phase one will include the preparatory phase and scoping review. The second phase will comprise a survey with adolescent mothers. The sample for the survey consists of adolescent postpartum mothers aged 14-19 years (with infants of up to 6 months of age) who have the capacity to consent for the study. Phase three will be a qualitative study in which in-depth interviews and focus group discussions will be employed to collect data from health workers and informal healthcare providers in the community (eg, traditional healers, traditional birth attendants). The fourth phase will involve developing recommendations for policy and practice ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study will provide an understanding of the impact of culture and social factors that influence adolescent mother's mental health and well-being, including the identification of potential risk and protective factors. The findings will inform recommendations for an appropriate, culturally accepted spectrum of interventions, including universal, selective and indicated prevention strategies. The findings will be disseminated to stakeholders working in maternal health in Malawi. Ethical approval was received from the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (HRE2021-0223) and (P.05/21/575) Malawian Ethics Board National Committee on Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and Humanities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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19
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Vujovich-Dunn C, Wand H, Brotherton JML, Gidding H, Sisnowski J, Lorch R, Veitch M, Sheppeard V, Effler P, Skinner SR, Venn A, Davies C, Hocking J, Whop L, Leask J, Canfell K, Sanci L, Smith M, Kang M, Temple-Smith M, Kidd M, Burns S, Selvey L, Meijer D, Ennis S, Thomson C, Lane N, Kaldor J, Guy R. Measuring school level attributable risk to support school-based HPV vaccination programs. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:822. [PMID: 35468743 PMCID: PMC9036743 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Australia in 2017, 89% of 15-year-old females and 86% of 15-year-old males had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. However, considerable variation in HPV vaccination initiation (dose one) across schools remains. It is important to understand the school-level characteristics most strongly associated with low initiation and their contribution to the overall between-school variation. Methods A population-based ecological analysis was conducted using school-level data for 2016 on all adolescent students eligible for HPV vaccination in three Australian jurisdictions. We conducted logistic regression to determine school-level factors associated with lower HPV vaccination initiation (< 75% dose 1 uptake) and estimated the population attributable risk (PAR) and the proportion of schools with the factor (school-level prevalence). Results The factors most strongly associated with lower initiation, and their prevalence were; small schools (OR = 9.3, 95%CI = 6.1–14.1; 33% of schools), special education schools (OR = 5.6,95%CI = 3.7–8.5; 8% of schools), higher Indigenous enrolments (OR = 2.7,95% CI:1.9–3.7; 31% of schools), lower attendance rates (OR = 2.6,95%CI = 1.7–3.7; 35% of schools), remote location (OR = 2.6,95%CI = 1.6–4.3; 6% of schools,) and lower socioeconomic area (OR = 1.8,95% CI = 1.3–2.5; 33% of schools). The highest PARs were small schools (PAR = 79%, 95%CI:76–82), higher Indigenous enrolments (PAR = 38%, 95%CI: 31–44) and lower attendance rate (PAR = 37%, 95%CI: 29–46). Conclusion This analysis suggests that initiatives to support schools that are smaller, with a higher proportion of Indigenous adolescents and lower attendance rates may contribute most to reducing the variation of HPV vaccination uptake observed at a school-level in these jurisdictions. Estimating population-level coverage at the school-level is useful to guide policy and prioritise resourcing to support school-based vaccination programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13088-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vujovich-Dunn
- University of New South Wales, Kirby Institute, Kensington, Australia.
| | - H Wand
- University of New South Wales, Kirby Institute, Kensington, Australia
| | - J M L Brotherton
- Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, Population Health, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - H Gidding
- University of Sydney, Northern Clinical School, Sydney, Australia.,Women and Babies Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Sisnowski
- University of New South Wales, Kirby Institute, Kensington, Australia.,Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - R Lorch
- University of New South Wales, Kirby Institute, Kensington, Australia
| | - M Veitch
- Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmanian Government, Hobart, Australia
| | - V Sheppeard
- Communicable Diseases Branch, NSW Health, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - P Effler
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, East Perth, Australia
| | - S R Skinner
- University of Sydney, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - A Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmanian, Australia
| | - C Davies
- University of Sydney, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - J Hocking
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - L Whop
- Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Canberra, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - J Leask
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Sydney, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - K Canfell
- The Daffodil Centre, University of Sydney, A Joint Venture With Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Sanci
- University of Melbourne, Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Smith
- The Daffodil Centre, University of Sydney, A Joint Venture With Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Kang
- University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Temple-Smith
- University of Melbourne, Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Kidd
- Flinders University, Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Burns
- Curtin University, School of Population Health, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - L Selvey
- University of Queensland, School of Public Health, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - D Meijer
- Immunisation Unit, Health Protection NSW, St Leonard's, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Ennis
- Immunisation Unit, Health Protection NSW, St Leonard's, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Thomson
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, East Perth, Australia
| | - N Lane
- Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmanian Government, Hobart, Australia
| | - J Kaldor
- University of New South Wales, Kirby Institute, Kensington, Australia
| | - R Guy
- University of New South Wales, Kirby Institute, Kensington, Australia
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20
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Nelson HJ, Munns A, Ong S, Watson L, Burns S. Identification of models, theoretical design and formal evaluation of integrated specialist community health service provision for the first 2000 days: a protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054807. [PMID: 35296481 PMCID: PMC8928289 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first 2000 days of a child's life (during pregnancy up to age 5 years) represent a critical period, in which early interventions reduce risk associated with developmental delay, disability and intergenerational disadvantage. The risk is exacerbated by barriers to specialised early intervention for children and families. This scoping review seeks to contribute to the evidence for sustaining integrated community-based specialist care in these earliest years of a child's life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review framework will be followed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for screening of literature is predefined, guided by the criteria of population, concept and context. The review will identify models of care delivery, and will identify quality of care outcomes that have been measured, including evidence of reliability and validity. Sources of evidence will include CINAHL, Cochrane databases, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION In a three-part study, evidence synthesis from the scoping review of the literature; mapping of existing specialist early years services in one community and a consumer consultation (Curtin University Human Research Ethics approval HRE2021-0546) in the same community will inform a model of integrated care that accounts for the context of the community it seeks to serve. Results will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, contributing to the evidence base for delivering sustainable community-based integrated care in the context of the first 2000 days. This protocol is specific to the scoping review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ailsa Munns
- School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Ong
- Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne Watson
- Carey Community Resources, Harrisdale, Western Australia, Australia
- East Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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21
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Almutairi N, Burns S, Portsmouth L. Scoping Review of School-Based Obesity Interventions among Children and Adolescents in Arabic Speaking Countries. Glob J Health Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v14n4p40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity globally presents a huge public health problem and the dramatic increase in its prevalence and associated poor health outcomes pose serious concerns among Arabic-speaking countries.
AIM: This scoping review seeks to identify the characteristics and assess the effectiveness of school-based health promotion interventions on prevention or reduction of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. This review further describes the implementation and evaluation of nutrition and physical activity interventions and their measured health outcomes for schools in Arabic speaking countries.
METHODS: We searched 10 electronic databases (PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ERIC, EMBASE, ProQuest, EBSCO Host and Global Health) from 2010 to 2020 for studies evaluating school-based health promotion interventions on obesity or overweight among children and adolescents in Arab speaking countries. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review and narrative synthesis was conducted.
RESULTS: The 16 articles reported on eight discretely different interventions which were largely school-based and examined physical activity and/or nutritional changes as well as changes in knowledge and attitude in regard to physical activity and nutrition.
CONCLUSION: Our review demonstrates an inconclusive and mixed effect of behavioural and physical activity intervention on prevention or reduction of obesity and/or overweight. While the strengths and limitations of the various interventions may have influenced the outcomes, long-term school-based interventions with rigorous methodological and theoretical frameworks are necessary to assess the true impact of these interventions on childhood and adolescent obesity in Arab speaking countries.
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22
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Toller Erausquin J, Tan RKJ, Uhlich M, Francis JM, Kumar N, Campbell L, Zhang WH, Hlatshwako TG, Kosana P, Shah S, Brenner EM, Remmerie L, Mussa A, Klapilova K, Mark K, Perotta G, Gabster A, Wouters E, Burns S, Hendriks J, Hensel DJ, Shamu S, Marie Strizzi J, Esho T, Morroni C, Eleuteri S, Sahril N, Yun Low W, Plasilova L, Lazdane G, Marks M, Olumide A, Abdelhamed A, López Gómez A, Michielsen K, Moreau C, Tucker JD. The International Sexual Health And REproductive Health during COVID-19 (I-SHARE) Study: A Multicountry Analysis of Adults from 30 Countries Prior to and During the Initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 Wave. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e991-e999. [PMID: 35136960 PMCID: PMC9383436 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence to date about changes to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) during the initial wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To address this gap, our team organized a multicountry, cross-sectional online survey as part of a global consortium. METHODS Consortium research teams conducted online surveys in 30 countries. Sampling methods included convenience, online panels, and population-representative. Primary outcomes included sexual behaviors, partner violence, and SRH service use, and we compared 3 months prior to and during policy measures to mitigate COVID-19. We conducted meta-analyses for primary outcomes and graded the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS Among 4546 respondents with casual partners, condom use stayed the same for 3374 (74.4%), and 640 (14.1%) reported a decline. Fewer respondents reported physical or sexual partner violence during COVID-19 measures (1063 of 15 144, 7.0%) compared to before COVID-19 measures (1469 of 15 887, 9.3%). COVID-19 measures impeded access to condoms (933 of 10 790, 8.7%), contraceptives (610 of 8175, 7.5%), and human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection (HIV/STI) testing (750 of 1965, 30.7%). Pooled estimates from meta-analysis indicate that during COVID-19 measures, 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.9%-42.1%) of people needing HIV/STI testing had hindered access, 4.4% (95% CI, 3.4%-5.4%) experienced partner violence, and 5.8% (95% CI, 5.4%-8.2%) decreased casual partner condom use (moderate certainty of evidence for each outcome). Meta-analysis findings were robust in sensitivity analyses that examined country income level, sample size, and sampling strategy. CONCLUSIONS Open science methods are feasible to organize research studies as part of emergency responses. The initial COVID-19 wave impacted SRH behaviors and access to services across diverse global settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joel M Francis
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Linda Campbell
- Center for Population, Family, and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wei Hong Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium,School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Takhona G Hlatshwako
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Priya Kosana
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sonam Shah
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erica M Brenner
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lore Remmerie
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aamirah Mussa
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Katerina Klapilova
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kristen Mark
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gabriela Perotta
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amanda Gabster
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama,Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Wouters
- Center for Population, Family, and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Devon J Hensel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Simukai Shamu
- Health Systems Strengthening, Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa,School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Tammary Esho
- End FGM/C Centre of Excellence, Amref Health Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chelsea Morroni
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Wah Yun Low
- Asia–Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Leona Plasilova
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Gunta Lazdane
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amr Abdelhamed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Kristien Michielsen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USAand,Primary Care and Prevention, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, National Institute of Health and Medical Research 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Correspondence: J. D. Tucker, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Room 360, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK ()
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Almutairi N, Burns S, Portsmouth L. Physical Activity Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviours Among Adolescents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prior to and during COVID-19 Restrictions. J Obes 2022; 2022:1892017. [PMID: 35958431 PMCID: PMC9363232 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1892017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and poses a major public health threat globally. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the main cause of adolescent obesity is an increase in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits due to lifestyle changes. This study reports on factors associated with physical activity (PA) prior to and during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) among middle school students in Jeddah, KSA. METHOD A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Jeddah, KSA among 1500 middle school students aged 11 to 15 years. Sociodemographic characteristics; PA knowledge, attitude, and behaviours; and information about the impact of COVID-19 on PA were collected. Knowledge, attitude, and behaviours of PA before and during COVID-19 restrictions and between gender were compared. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the determinants of PA. RESULTS Female students were significantly more likely to report better knowledge of PA compared to males (p < 0.001). However, males were significantly more likely to participate in PA compared to females (p < 0.001). Approximately 60% of students reported their PA decreased during COVID-19 isolations. Most students did not participate in the recommended levels of daily PA during COVID-19 lockdowns and school closures. After adjusting for demographics, knowledge, and attitude, students who did not usually participate in school sports (p=0.017) and as members of clubs (p=0.002) were less likely to be active during COVID-19 lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to enhance PA should be implemented through coordinated school and community-based programs to achieve the recommended PA among adolescents at home and in schools. Policy to ensure students receive PA opportunities at school is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Almutairi
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Leith, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Septarini NW, Hendriks J, Maycock B, Burns S. Methodologies of Stigma-Related Research Amongst Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) and Transgender People in Asia and the Pacific Low/Middle Income Countries (LMICs): A Scoping Review. Front Reprod Health 2021; 3:688568. [PMID: 36304052 PMCID: PMC9580832 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.688568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Much stigma-related research focuses on marginalized populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people. The importance of research in this area is widely recognized, however methodologies and measures vary between studies. This scoping review will collate existing information about how stigma-related research has been conducted in low/middle income countries (LMICs) within the Asia Pacific region, and will compare research designs, sampling frameworks, and measures. Strengths and limitations of these studies will inform recommendations for future stigma-related health research. A methodological framework for scoping studies was applied. Searches of Psych INFO, Scopus, ProQuest, Global Health and PubMed were used to identify articles. Stigma-related research amongst MSM and transgender communities, published between 2010 and 2019 in LMICs within the Asia Pacific region were included. A total of 129 articles based on 123 different studies were included. Of the 129 articles 51.19% (n = 66) were quantitative; 44.96% (n = 57) were qualitative and 3.88% (n = 5) were mixed methods studies. The majority of studies (n = 57; 86.36%) implemented a cross sectional survey. In-depth interviews (n = 20, 34.48%) were also common. Only 3.88% of studies utilized mixed-methods design. Non-probabilistic and probabilistic sampling methods were employed in 99.22 and 0.78% of studies respectively. The most common measures used in quantitative studies were the Center for Epidemiological Study on Depression (CES-D) (n = 18) and the Self Stigma Scale (SSS) (n = 6). Strengths and limitations proposed by researchers included in this review are summarized as lesson learnt and best practices in stigma-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wayan Septarini
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Ni Wayan Septarini ;
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- European Center for Environmental and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Vujovich-Dunn C, Skinner SR, Brotherton J, Wand H, Sisnowski J, Lorch R, Veitch M, Sheppeard V, Effler P, Gidding H, Venn A, Davies C, Hocking J, Whop LJ, Leask J, Canfell K, Sanci L, Smith M, Kang M, Temple-Smith M, Kidd M, Burns S, Selvey L, Meijer D, Ennis S, Thomson CA, Lane N, Kaldor J, Guy R. School-Level Variation in Coverage of Co-Administered dTpa and HPV Dose 1 in Three Australian States. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101202. [PMID: 34696310 PMCID: PMC8537995 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australian adolescents are routinely offered HPV and dTpa (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccines simultaneously in the secondary school vaccination program. We identified schools where HPV initiation was lower than dTpa coverage and associated school-level factors across three states. METHODS HPV vaccination initiation rates and dTpa vaccination coverage in 2016 were calculated using vaccine databases and school enrolment data. A multivariate analysis assessed sociodemographic and school-level factors associated with HPV initiation being >5% absolute lower than dTpa coverage. RESULTS Of 1280 schools included, the median school-level HPV initiation rate was 85% (interquartile range (IQR):75-90%) and the median dTpa coverage was 86% (IQR:75-92%). Nearly a quarter (24%) of all schools had HPV vaccination initiation >5% lower than dTpa coverage and 11 % had >10% difference. School-level factors independently associated with >5% difference were remote schools (aOR:3.5, 95% CI = 1.7-7.2) and schools in major cities (aOR:1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-3.0), small schools (aOR:3.3, 95% CI = 2.3-5.7), higher socioeconomic advantage (aOR:1.7, 95% CI = 1.1-2.6), and lower proportions of Language-background-other-than-English (aOR:1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-3.0). CONCLUSION The results identified a quarter of schools had lower HPV than dTpa initiation coverage, which may indicate HPV vaccine hesitancy, and the difference was more likely in socioeconomically advantaged schools. As hesitancy is context specific, it is important to understand the potential drivers of hesitancy and future research needs to understand the reasons driving differential uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Vujovich-Dunn
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia; (H.W.); (J.S.); (R.L.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9348-0033
| | - Susan Rachel Skinner
- Children’s Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Sydney 2145, Australia; (S.R.S.); (C.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Julia Brotherton
- Population Health, VCS Foundation Ltd., East Melbourne, Melbourne 3053, Australia;
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Handan Wand
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia; (H.W.); (J.S.); (R.L.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Jana Sisnowski
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia; (H.W.); (J.S.); (R.L.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
- National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia;
| | - Rebecca Lorch
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia; (H.W.); (J.S.); (R.L.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Mark Veitch
- Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmanian Government, Hobart 7001, Australia; (M.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Vicky Sheppeard
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, Sydney 2065, Australia;
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, Australia;
| | - Paul Effler
- Department of Health, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, East Perth 6000, Australia; (P.E.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Heather Gidding
- School of Population Health, University of New Souh Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
- Norther Clinical School of Sydney, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Women and Babies Research, Kollin Intstitye, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leaonards, Sydney 2064, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmanian 7000, Australia;
| | - Cristyn Davies
- Children’s Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Sydney 2145, Australia; (S.R.S.); (C.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Jane Hocking
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Lisa J. Whop
- National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia;
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Julie Leask
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, Australia;
| | - Karen Canfell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council, Brisbane 2011, Australia;
| | - Lena Sanci
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (M.T.-S.)
| | - Megan Smith
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, Australia;
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council, Brisbane 2011, Australia;
| | - Melissa Kang
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia;
| | - Meredith Temple-Smith
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (M.T.-S.)
| | - Michael Kidd
- Southgate Institute for Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia;
| | - Linda Selvey
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Dennis Meijer
- Immunisation Unit, Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, Sydney 2065, Australia; (D.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Sonya Ennis
- Immunisation Unit, Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, Sydney 2065, Australia; (D.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Chloe A. Thomson
- Department of Health, Communicable Disease Control Directorate, East Perth 6000, Australia; (P.E.); (C.A.T.)
| | - Nikole Lane
- Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmanian Government, Hobart 7001, Australia; (M.V.); (N.L.)
| | - John Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia; (H.W.); (J.S.); (R.L.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Rebecca Guy
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney 2052, Australia; (H.W.); (J.S.); (R.L.); (J.K.); (R.G.)
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Erausquin JT, Tan RKJ, Uhlich M, Francis JM, Kumar N, Campbell L, Zhang WH, Hlatshwako TG, Kosana P, Shah S, Brenner EM, Remmerie L, Mussa A, Klapilova K, Mark K, Perotta G, Gabster A, Wouters E, Burns S, Hendriks J, Hensel DJ, Shamu S, Strizzi JM, Esho T, Morroni C, Eleuteri S, Sahril N, Low WY, Plasilova L, Lazdane G, Marks M, Olumide A, Abdelhamed A, López Gómez A, Michielsen K, Moreau C, Tucker JD. The International Sexual Health And Reproductive Health Survey (I-SHARE-1): A Multi-Country Analysis of Adults from 30 Countries Prior to and During the Initial COVID-19 Wave. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34704103 PMCID: PMC8547535 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.18.21263630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic forced billions of people to shelter in place, altering social and sexual relationships worldwide. In many settings, COVID-19 threatened already precarious health services. However, there is limited evidence to date about changes to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) during the initial wave of COVID-19 disease. To address this gap, our team organized a multi-country, cross-sectional online survey as part of a global consortium. Methods Consortium research teams conducted online surveys in 30 countries. Sampling methods included convenience, online panels, and population-representative. Primary outcomes included sexual behaviors, partner violence, and SRH service utilization, and we compared three months prior to and three months after policy measures to mitigate COVID-19. We used established indicators and analyses pre-specified in our protocol. We conducted meta-analyses for primary outcomes and graded the certainty of the evidence using Cochrane methods. Descriptive analyses included 22,724 individuals in 25 countries. Five additional countries with sample sizes <200 were included in descriptive meta-analyses. Results Respondents were mean age 34 years; most identified as women (15160; 66.7%), cis-gender (19432; 86.6%) and heterosexual (16592; 77.9%). Among 4546 respondents with casual partners, condom use stayed the same for 3374 (74.4%) people and 640 (14.1%) people reported a decline. Fewer respondents reported physical or sexual partner violence during COVID-19 measures (1063/15144, 7.0%) compared to the period before COVID-19 measures (1469/15887, 9.3%). COVID-19 measures impeded access to condoms (933/10790, 8.7%), contraceptives (610/8175, 7.5%), and HIV/STI testing (750/1965, 30.7%). Pooled estimates from meta-analysis indicate during COVID-19 measures, 32.3% (95% CI 23.9-42.1) of people needing HIV/STI testing had hindered access, 4.4% (95% CI 3.4-5.4) experienced partner violence, and 5.8% (95% CI 5.4-8.2) decreased casual partner condom use (moderate certainty of evidence for each outcome). Meta-analysis findings were robust in sensitivity analyses that examined country income level, sample size, and sampling strategy. Conclusion Open science methods are feasible to organize research studies as part of emergency responses. The initial COVID-19 wave impacted SRH behaviors and access to services across diverse global settings.
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Sisnowski J, Vujovich-Dunn C, Gidding H, Brotherton J, Wand H, Lorch R, Veitch M, Sheppeard V, Effler P, Skinner SR, Venn A, Davies C, Hocking J, Whop L, Leask J, Canfell K, Sanci L, Smith M, Kang M, Temple-Smith M, Kidd M, Burns S, Selvey L, Meijer D, Ennis S, Thomson C, Lane N, Kaldor J, Guy R. Differences in school factors associated with adolescent HPV vaccination initiation and completion coverage in three Australian states. Vaccine 2021; 39:6117-6126. [PMID: 34493408 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schools are the primary setting for the delivery of adolescent HPV vaccination in Australia. Although this strategy has achieved generally high vaccination coverage, gaps persist for reasons that are mostly unknown. This study sought to identify school-level correlates of low vaccination course initiation and completion in New South Wales, Tasmania, and Western Australia to inform initiatives to increase uptake. METHODS Initiation was defined as the number of first doses given in a school in 2016 divided by vaccine-eligible student enrolments. Completion was the number of third doses given in a school in 2015-2016 divided by the number of first doses. Low initiation and completion were defined as coverage ≤ 25thpercentile of all reporting schools. We investigated correlations between covariates using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Due to multicollinearity, we used univariable logistic regression to investigate associations between school characteristics and low coverage. RESULTS Median initiation was 84.7% (IQR: 75.0%-90.4%) across 1,286 schools and median completion was 93.8% (IQR: 86.0%-97.3%) across 1,295 schools. There were strong correlations between a number of school characteristics, particularly higher Indigenous student enrolments and lower attendance, increasing remoteness, higher postcode socioeconomic disadvantage, and smaller school size. Characteristics most strongly associated with low initiation in univariate analyses were small school size, location in Tasmania, and schools catering for special educational needs. Low completion was most strongly associated with schools in Tasmania and Western Australia, remote location, small size, high proportion of Indigenous student enrolments, and low attendance rates. CONCLUSION This study provides indicative evidence that characteristics of schools and school populations are associated with the likelihood of low initiation and completion of the HPV vaccination course. The findings will guide further research and help target initiatives to improve vaccination uptake in schools with profiles associated with lower coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sisnowski
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, High St., Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Canberra, Australia.
| | - C Vujovich-Dunn
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, High St., Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - H Gidding
- University of New South Wales, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Kensington, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Australia; The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, St Leonards, Australia.
| | - J Brotherton
- Population Health, VCS Foundation, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - H Wand
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, High St., Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - R Lorch
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, High St., Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - M Veitch
- Tasmanian Government, Department of Health and Human Services, Hobart, Australia.
| | - V Sheppeard
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - P Effler
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, East Perth, Australia.
| | - S R Skinner
- Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia; University of Sydney, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - A Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmanian, Australia.
| | - C Davies
- Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia; University of Sydney, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - J Hocking
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - L Whop
- Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Canberra, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
| | - J Leask
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - K Canfell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - L Sanci
- University of Melbourne, Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - M Smith
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, East Perth, Australia; Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - M Kang
- University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - M Temple-Smith
- University of Melbourne, Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - M Kidd
- Flinders University, Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, South Australia, Australia.
| | - S Burns
- Curtin University, School of Population Health, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - L Selvey
- University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Queensland, Australia.
| | - D Meijer
- Immunisation Unit, Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - S Ennis
- Immunisation Unit, Health Protection NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - C Thomson
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, East Perth, Australia.
| | - N Lane
- Tasmanian Government, Department of Health and Human Services, Hobart, Australia.
| | - J Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, High St., Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - R Guy
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, High St., Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
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Septarini NW, Hendriks J, Maycock B, Burns S. Psychological Distress and Happiness of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender People During the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: Is There a Need for Public Health Policy Intervention? Front Public Health 2021; 9:647548. [PMID: 34595147 PMCID: PMC8476851 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.647548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the global onset of COVID-19 in early 2020, the disease has significantly impacted mental health. This impact is likely to be further exacerbated for groups who were already marginalized. This paper shares results from a broader study of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people in Bali, Indonesia and includes a focus on psychological distress and happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic; applying sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics as potential mediators. Psychological distress and the level of happiness were measured by The Kessler Psychological Distress (K10) and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to September 2020. Of the 416 participants, complete data were available for 363 participants. The majority of participants were aged 26-40 years, currently single, were born outside Bali, were currently living in an urban area, and over one-third were living with HIV. While all were MSM, the majority identified as homosexual/tend to be homosexual (71.3%), however 54 (14.9%) identified themselves as heterosexual. The majority (251, 69.1%) reported moderate to very high psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The binary logistic regression analysis identified five factors to be significantly associated with higher psychological distress: being a student, reporting higher levels of stigma, had ever experienced discrimination, felt better prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and less happy than the average person. When homosexual were compared with heterosexual participants, those who identified themselves as being homosexual reported significantly lower psychological distress compared to those identified themselves as heterosexual, which may be associated with these participants not disclosing their status as MSM and the stigma around MSM. Those who considered themselves to be less happy than the average person (316, 87.1%) were more likely to live with a partner and to report moderate to very high psychological distress. Based on the findings, interventions should focus on strategies to reduce stigma, provide non-discriminatory services, and improve access to essential health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wayan Septarini
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- European Centre for Environmental and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Almutairi NS, Burns S, Portsmouth L. Identifying factors associated with overweight and obesity among intermediate school students aged 12-15 years in school settings: mixed-methodology protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045877. [PMID: 34049915 PMCID: PMC8166636 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity is a public health concern globally. In Arab countries, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased significantly over the last three decades. The level of childhood overweight and obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is high and continues to increase. This study will explore factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents and identify barriers and enablers to the implementation of comprehensive school-based obesity prevention interventions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Socioecological model will inform this mixed-methods study. The study will include three phases: (1) a scoping review of the literature; (2) the development of a student survey instrument and (3) a mixed-method study comprising a cross-sectional survey targeting students aged 12-15 years with the collection of the students' height and weight measurements; one-on-one interviews with physical education teachers and school principals; and the administration of school climate audits using the Health Promoting School framework. Reliability and validity of the survey instrument will be examined during survey development. Descriptive, inferential and thematic analysis will be employed using appropriate statistical software. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been granted from the Curtin University of Human Research Ethics Committee (HR2020-0337) and from the KSA Ministry of Education (4181827686). School principals will provide permission to conduct the study in individual schools. Individual consent/assent will be obtained from students and their parents, and teachers. Study findings will be disseminated via peer-review publications, reports and conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Saleh Almutairi
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Leith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Erotocritou M, Overton A, Ang WW, Walker M, Burns S, Berber O. 906 Implementing and Re-Designing A Virtual Fracture Clinic (VFC) During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8135702 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
We have implemented a VFC model during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimise the number of face-to-face consultations and the risk of transmission.
Method
The VFC was implemented and assessed using 3 PDSA cycles. Initially, a paper referral system was introduced along with treatment pathways. Subsequently an electronic referral system was established. The 3rd PDSA cycle involved training A&E staff on referrals and treatment pathways. At each stage the number of VFC referrals and clinic follow-ups were measured. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a telephone survey with a random sample of 30 patients.
Results
There was a statistically significant reduction in face-to-face follow-ups between pre-VFC (Total:4083, Average:86.87) and post-VFC (Total:713, Average:35.65) p-value<0.0001. There was a statistically significant increase in patient satisfaction after the implementation of the electronic referral system and staff re-training(9.25) compared to paper referrals(8.23), p-value=0.02064.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that the VFC successfully reduced the number of face-to-face follow-ups while maintaining patient satisfaction. Thus, it is an effective alternative to conventional fracture clinics. A similar model can be introduced at other hospitals to minimise in-person consultations and risk of transmission, while standardising patient care. It has also highlighted the importance of appropriate technological infrastructure, staff training and service evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erotocritou
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Overton
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - W W Ang
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Walker
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Burns
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Berber
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Erotocritou M, Prasad A, Burns S, Haddo O, Bartlett W, Mavroveli S, Hanna S, Berber O. 458 Patient Willingness to Undergo Elective Orthopaedic Surgery in Relation to the COVID-19 Outbreak. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8135673 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab135.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine patients’ willingness to undergo elective orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method 4 groups of patients were chosen based on type of surgery. A telephone survey was conducted, including questions on diagnosis, symptom duration, pain severity, co-morbidities, anxiety levels for COVID-19 and surgery. Patients were given the conditions for surgery and asked whether they would undergo surgery, have the operation carried out by another consultant and any factors that would increase their confidence. Results Of 200 patients, 156 participated (78%). 78.2% were willing to undergo surgery. There was a statistically significant difference in willingness between age groups 40-49 (100%) and 80 + (58.3%). Differences in willingness between surgery types, BOA risk class, sex, symptom duration and pain scores, were not statistically significant. Patients unwilling to undergo surgery reported statistically higher anxiety scores for health (4.39) and surgery (4.62) compared to the willing group (2.89 and 2.71 respectively). Patients’ main concern was contracting COVID (35.2%). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the majority of patients were willing to undergo surgery. This can be used to inform strategies for resuming elective surgeries. It has also highlighted several areas in patient perception that warrant further investigation and the importance of enhanced consent on the specific risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erotocritou
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Prasad
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Burns
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Haddo
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - W Bartlett
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Mavroveli
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Hanna
- Royal London NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Berber
- Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Burns S, Subramanian P. The 'double scalpel' scar excision technique. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020; 103:77. [PMID: 32981354 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Burns
- Whittington Hospital, London, UK
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Whitehorne-Smith P, Burns S, Milbourn B, Abel W, Martin R. Cross-sectional mixed-methods study protocol exploring the enablers and barriers for people with severe and enduring mental illness in Jamaica when accessing healthcare for chronic physical illness. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038245. [PMID: 32753453 PMCID: PMC7406117 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extant international research suggests that people with severe and enduring mental illness (PWSEMI) experience increased rates of chronic physical illness (CPI), reduced life expectancy and higher mortality than those in the general population. The high prevalence of CPI among PWSEMI is associated with a number of barriers that this population experiences when accessing physical healthcare. Although substantial research has been conducted in North America, Europe and Australia, there appears to be a paucity of research exploring CPI among PWSEMI in the Caribbean region, although this region has reported very high rates of non-communicable diseases within its populations. The current study will be situated in Jamaica and will explore the enablers and barriers to PWSEMI accessing healthcare for CPI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A convergent mixed-method design will explore the enablers and barriers to accessing healthcare for CPI among PWSEMI. This cross-sectional study will collect data from PWSEMI, caregivers and family members, community health aides, primary care physicians, psychiatrists and health policymakers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study findings will provide baseline data describing the prevalence of CPI among PWSEMI in Jamaica and will identify enablers for, and barriers to, PWSEMI accessing CPI care. Findings will be disseminated widely in Jamaica and internationally to key stakeholders through publications and conferences. Institutional ethical approval was granted from Jamaica's Ministry of Health and Wellness Medico-legal Ethics Review Panel (# 2019/49), the Curtin University Human Research and Ethics Committee (HRE 2020-0022) and the University of the West Indies FMS Ethics Committee (ECP 101, 19/20).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ben Milbourn
- School of Occupational Health, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendel Abel
- Community Health & Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Robyn Martin
- School of Occupational Health, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Passmore HM, Mutch RC, Watkins R, Burns S, Hall G, Urquhart J, Carapetis J, Bower C. Reframe the Behaviour: Evaluation of a training intervention to increase capacity in managing detained youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and neurodevelopmental impairments. Psychiatr Psychol Law 2020; 28:382-407. [PMID: 35530127 PMCID: PMC9067986 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1780643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The first study to investigate the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) within an Australian juvenile detention centre has identified the highest known prevalence of FASD among a justice-involved population worldwide. However, there has been limited investigation into the capacity of the custodial workforce to identify and manage young people in Australian detention centres with FASD or other neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and no published interventions aiming to develop environments appropriate for those with FASD in justice settings. Using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist, this study describes the conception, implementation and evaluation of a training intervention aiming to upskill the custodial workforce in the management of youth with FASD and NDI; 117 staff participated in the intervention, and 109 completed pre- and post-intervention surveys. Improvements were seen across almost all knowledge and attitude items, and the intervention was considered highly necessary, appropriate and valuable by the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M. Passmore
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Raewyn C. Mutch
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Health Western Australia, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rochelle Watkins
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Guy Hall
- School of Law, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carol Bower
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Jancey J, Burns S, Hendriks J, Pollard CM, Tohatoa J, Hallett J. Measuring health promotion research impact - What researchers think? Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:437-443. [PMID: 32589313 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED The significant investment in health research has resulted in an increased focus to determine suitable approaches to measure health promotion research impact. This research was undertaken at the request of a nationally competitive research organisation that funds health promotion research, to explore how Chief Investigators (CIs) on their funded projects understood research impact, its measurement and associated challenges. METHODS Participants were required to be or have been a CI on an Australian competitive research (exploratory or intervention) grant focussed on health promotion. The qualitative study used thematic analysis from one-on-one interviews. Themes were created and descriptive quotes were selected to illustrate the main findings. RESULTS The majority of participants were female (n = 13) working at a university (n = 13). Three themes emerged: a) defining health research impact; b) complexity and simplicity of measuring health research impact; c) challenges of measuring health research impact: i) differing language; ii) differing assessment; iii) attribution and timing; and iv) resourcing and skills. CONCLUSION Researchers recognised that there are significant challenges in measuring the impact of health promotion research. The most significant factors identified by participants were the disciplinary background of the researchers undertaking the measurement, their skills and experience and the resources (including time) available to assess impact. SO WHAT?: Research impact assessment is complex, time consuming and requires specific skills to facilitate measurement of impact provision of funding for this activity in research grants and research impact training is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research & Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research & Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jacqui Hendriks
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research & Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer Tohatoa
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Hallett
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research & Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Abstract
PurposeObesity in children and adolescents is a significant public health concern. The World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework promotes good nutrition and physical activity in school settings. While HPS is embraced globally, effective implementation and sustainable programmes are a continued challenge. This paper aims to report on the characteristics of current school interventions based on HPS and implementation barriers and enablers.Design/methodology/approachA literature search identified peer-reviewed studies of school health interventions reflective of the HPS framework focusing on obesity prevention. Studies from all countries were included, if conducted in primary and/or secondary schools; included a sufficient amount of qualitative implementation or process evaluation data to draw conclusions regarding key barriers and enablers to implementation; and were published in English.FindingsNine interventions (n = 9) from seven countries were included. Most were implemented in primary schools and focused on specific grade levels. Engaging parents, the home environment, teacher time constraints, fun interventions, student participation, teacher training, integration with the curriculum and stakeholder engagement all emerged as strong implementation themes. Teachers as role models, establishing community partnerships and policy support also emerged as common themes.Originality/valueFuture interventions may benefit from enhancing teacher and parent health promotion. Partnerships with initiatives focusing on environmental sustainability may simultaneously benefit human and planetary health while strengthening stakeholder engagement opportunities and consistent messaging throughout the community. More comprehensive evaluation data are needed, in particular, for long-term HPS initiatives.
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Egan A, Sivasothy P, Gore R, Martinez Del-Pero M, Owen C, Willcocks L, Smith R, Burns S, Jayne D. AB0470 EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS (EGPA) - ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY USING MEPOLIZUMAB ANTI-IL5 THERAPY AS A STEROID SPARING THERAPEUTIC APPROACH. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:EGPA is a small vessel vasculitis characterised by the presence of tissue eosinophilia, necrotising vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation1. Typically, a prodromal asthmatic phase, leads to an eosinophilic stage, which can evolve to include the presence of vasculitis with renal manifestations. In the recent randomised, placebo-controlled MIRRA trial for relapsing and refractory EGPA, adjuvant therapy with anti-IL5 mAB Mepolizumab [MEPO] at 300mg s/c monthly, accrued longer times in remission, reduced steroid exposure and reduced relapse rates2.Objectives:The aim of our study was to analyse the response and outcome for EGPA patients who received 100mg s/c of MEPO monthly for a minimum of 52 weeks, with particular focus on the steroid minimisation benefits.Methods:This retrospective, descriptive study analysed 13 patients with EGPA, who received 100mg s/m monthly MEPO therapy under the eosinophilic asthma care-pathway. Time points of assessment included MEPO commencement [M0] and 12 [M12] months.Results:Table 1.EGPA patients receiving Mepolizumab therapy for one year [100mg s/c]DemographicsAll [n=13]Gender ratio M/F4M:9FANCA positive/ negativeANCA: 3MPO, 1 PR3 positive/ 9 ANCA negativeAge of diagnosis of asthma35 yrs [IQR 28.5-40]Age of diagnosis of EGPA47 yrs [IQR 43.5-53.5]Median age51 yrs [IQR 47.5- 60.5]EGPA disease characteristicsN=13 [%]Asthma 13 [100]Serum eosinophilia or biopsy evidence [N= 12] 12 [100]Pulmonary infiltrates, non-fixed 8[61.5]Neuropathy, mono/poly 4[30.7]Sino-nasal abnormality 12[92.3]Glomerulonephritis 3[23]Cardiovascular 4[30.7]Prior ImmunosuppressantsN=13 [%]Steroids13[100%]Cyclophosphamide 6[46%]Rituximab6[46%]Azathioprine10[77%]Mycophenolate mofetil8[62%]Methotrexate4[31%]Campath 1[7%]Response to therapyM0 [%] Post M12 [%]Prednisolone dose N= 13Mean ±SD 18.925 mg ±11.44 10.575mg ± 5.85Eosinophil count X109/L N=13Mean ±SD 0.415mg ±0.25 0.035±0.039Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ] N=5Mean ±SD 2.92 ±1.27 1.31± 0.79BVAS N= 13Mean ±SD 7.307±6.29 2.2307±1.69Creatinine N=9Mean ±SD 68.44±15.03 69.11±17.84Continuation of anti-IL5 therapy N=13 12/13 [92.3%]Conclusion:The relapsing nature of EGPA places a potential dependency of therapy on steroids for asthmatic and vasculitic flares. This underscores the importance of targeted pathway specific biologic therapy to minimise steroid exposure, prevent tissue damage and ensure early response to therapy. This study demonstrates that anti-IL5 serves as a favourable model with steroid minimisation, improvement in asthma control questionnaire, reduction in BVAS and eosinophil counts at the 100mg s/c dosage. ANCA positive serology normalised in all four patients, independent of subtype. Well tolerated, it demonstrated considerable clinical benefit, with 12 patients [92.3%] continuing anti-IL5 therapy beyond 12 months.Long term plan > 12 monthsN=13 [%] Current Months Adjuvant therapy 12M1 Continue15 Aza2 Switched Benralizumab 26 MMF [+], IVIG [-]3 Continue 184 Switched Benralizumab 145 Discontinued Rituximab 12 MTX6 Continue 147 Continue 24 MMF Reduced8 Continue 18 MTX [+]9 Continue 15 MMF [-]10 Continue 1411 Continue 1312 Continue 13 Aza13 Continue 12References:[1]J.C.Jenette,et alRevised International Chapel Hil Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides.65, 1–11 (2013).[2]Wechsler, M. E.et al.Mepolizumab or Placebo for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.N. Engl. J. Med.376, 1921–1932 (2017).Disclosure of Interests:Allyson Egan: None declared, pasupathy Sivasothy: None declared, Robin Gore: None declared, Marcos Martinez Del-Pero: None declared, Caroline Owen: None declared, Lisa Willcocks: None declared, Rona Smith: None declared, Stella Burns: None declared, David Jayne Grant/research support from: ChemoCentryx, GSK, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi-Genzyme, Consultant of: Astra-Zeneca, ChemoCentryx, GSK, InflaRx, Takeda, Insmed, Chugai, Boehringer-Ingelheim
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Burns S, Evans M, Jancey J, Portsmouth L, Maycock B. Influences of club connectedness among young adults in Western Australian community-based sports clubs. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:733. [PMID: 32429870 PMCID: PMC7238631 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with physical benefits, community-based sport provides opportunities to enhance connectedness, an important protective factor of social and emotional health. However, young Australians participating in sport have been found to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-sporting peers, and many clubs serve unhealthy food and beverages. This study explored the association between the dependent variable, level of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and connectedness to club and other health behaviours among young people aged 18-30 years who play club sport in Western Australia. METHODS An online cross sectional survey measured levels of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C), alcohol-related harm, connectedness (including volunteering and team cohesion), mental wellbeing, healthy food options and club sponsorship among young adults aged 18-30 years involved in sports clubs in Western Australia (n = 242). Relationships and association between the dependent variable (AUDIT-C) and independent variables were assessed. RESULTS Male sportspeople were more likely to drink alcohol at high-risk levels than females (p < .001), and respondents belonging to a club that received alcohol-related sponsorship were more likely to drink at high-risk levels (p = .019). Females were significantly more likely to want healthy food and beverage options provided at their clubs (p = 0.011). When all factors were considered team cohesion (p = 0.02), alcohol expectations (p = < .001), occurrences of experienced alcohol-related harm (p = <.001) and length of club membership (p = 0.18) were significant predictors of high-risk AUDIT-C (R2 = .34, adjusted R2 = .33, F (4, 156) = 20.43, p = <.001). High-risk AUDIT-C and club connectedness predicted strong team cohesion (R2 = .39, adjusted R2 = .39, F (2, 166) = 53.74, p = <.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study may inform policy and practice to enhance healthy behaviours among young adults participating in community sports clubs in Australia and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Melissa Evans
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
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Tanudjaja SA, Chih H, Burns S, Crawford G, Hallett J, Jancey J. Alcohol consumption and associated harms among university students in Australia: Findings from a cross-sectional study. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:258-263. [PMID: 32268453 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED University students regularly report alcohol consumption in excess of Australian guidelines for harm. However, previous studies have overlooked the experiences of mature-aged students. This study assessed alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms among university students aged 18-50 years old in Australia. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey with convenience sample of university students was used in this study. Unadjusted ordinal logistic regressions were performed to explore associations between student characteristics and frequency of alcohol consumption as well as number of standard drinks consumed. Logistic regressions adjusted for student characteristics were performed to assess associations between alcohol consumptions and alcohol-related harm. RESULTS Of the respondents (n = 486), 82% consumed alcohol, of which 50% consumed more than two standard drinks on any day. Age was significantly associated with amount consumed and blackout. Students aged 31-50 years were less likely to consume more than two standard drinks on any day (odds ratio, OR: 0.62, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.40, 0.97); and less likely to experience blackout (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.83) than those aged 18-20 years. Interestingly, reducing consumption to no more than once a month, when compared to more than twice a month, reduced risk of blackout only for those aged less than 31-50 years old (adjusted OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.04, 1.13). CONCLUSIONS Older university students are less likely to drink more than two standard drinks on any day than their younger counterparts. SO WHAT?: It is recommended that interventions target younger students; however, older students may assist in understanding factors that influence low risk alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selita Agnus Tanudjaja
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - HuiJun Chih
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Faculty of Health Science, Collaboration for Evidence, Impact & Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Faculty of Health Science, Collaboration for Evidence, Impact & Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Hallett
- Faculty of Health Science, Collaboration for Evidence, Impact & Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Faculty of Health Science, Collaboration for Evidence, Impact & Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Wold C, Hallett J, Crawford G, Chih HJ, Burns S, Jancey JM. University Student Health and Wellbeing Study: A test-retest reliability study of a web-based survey investigating undergraduate student health and wellbeing. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:231-237. [PMID: 32125742 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Understanding the health behaviours of Australian university students and their impact on wellbeing and academic success is important; however, there are limited reliable, population level survey tools to measure student health across a range of domains. The purpose of the research was to determine the reliability of the web-based University Student Health and Wellbeing Study (USHWS) survey via a test-retest reliability study within a large Australian university student population. METHODS A test-retest of the measurement instrument was completed by a sample of university students (n = 195) over a two-week period. The instrument assessed alcohol and tobacco use, mental health, sexual health, physical activity, nutrition and sun protective behaviours. Test-retest reliability was analysed using two-way random effects model of intraclass correlations (ICC) and AC1 coefficient for individual measurements with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Questions on demographics, general health, nutrition, sun protection, alcohol and tobacco use, mental health and sexual health had fair to high reliability (ICCs range from 0.32 to 1.00). Reliability of some physical activity items were poor with large variability (ICC = 0.15, 95% CI 0.01-0.28 to 0.86, 95% CI 0.82-0.89). CONCLUSIONS A majority of the USHWS survey items represented a moderate to high test-retest reliability. Variability and poor reliability of physical activity questions may be due to survey implementation time and usual behaviour changes. SO WHAT?: The USHWS survey is reliable instrument to assess Australian university student health at a population level with the aim of informing effective programming, policy and initiatives. SUMMARY The University Student Health and Wellbeing Study (USHWS) survey is a foundational tool to understand university student's health in Australia. The USHWS reported fair to high reliability with few physical activity items showing lower reliability. Greater variability may be due to usual day-to-day fluctuations in behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrina Wold
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research, and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Hallett
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research, and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research, and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hui Jun Chih
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research, and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research, and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Jonine M Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research, and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Crawford G, Burns S. Confidence and motivation to help those with a mental health problem: experiences from a study of nursing students completing mental health first aid (MHFA) training. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:69. [PMID: 32143699 PMCID: PMC7059261 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-1983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Those studying nursing are at greater risk for developing mental health problems than other tertiary students. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training may assist students to support peers and build mental health literacy. Understanding motivation to participate in training can identify factors influencing uptake and completion. This paper explores motivators for university nursing students to participate in MHFA training and uses previous experience and confidence in assisting someone with a mental health problem to triangulate data. METHOD A randomised controlled trial was employed to measure the impact of the course for nursing students at a large Western Australian university. An online survey was administered prior to MHFA training with undergraduate nursing students (n = 140). Thematic analysis of open-ended questions explores motivators to participate and help provided to an individual. Baseline frequencies describe demographics, confidence in helping and exposure to someone with a mental health problem. A Chi Square test compared confidence in helping and exposure to someone with a mental health problem. RESULTS More than half of participants reported contact with individuals experiencing mental health problems (55%; n = 77); approximately a third (35.8%) reported limited confidence to assist. Those in previous contact with someone with a mental health problem (71.5%; n = 55) were significantly more likely to feel confident in helping (p = 0.044). Mental health literacy, helping others, career and experiences were described as training motivators. CONCLUSION Exploiting motivators, both intrinsic and extrinsic may increase MHFA training uptake and completion. Tertiary institutions would benefit from policy to embed MHFA training into nursing degrees. The training may have utility for university degrees more broadly. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; ACTRN12614000861651. Registered 11 August 2014 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845 Western Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845 Western Australia
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Roux F, Burns S, Chih HJ, Hendriks J. Developing and trialling a school-based ovulatory-menstrual health literacy programme for adolescent girls: a quasi-experimental mixed-method protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023582. [PMID: 30898802 PMCID: PMC6528013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A review of international and Australian school-based resources suggests that teaching of the ovulatory-menstrual (OM) cycle is predominantly couched in biology. A whole-person framework that integrates spiritual, intellectual, social and emotional dimensions with the physical changes of the OM cycle is needed to facilitate adolescent OM health literacy. This paper describes the protocol for a study that aims to develop and trial an intervention for adolescent girls aged 13-16 years that enhances positive attitudes towards OM health coupled with developing skills to monitor and self-report OM health. These skills aim to foster acceptance of the OM cycle as a 'vital sign' and facilitate confident communication of common OM disturbances (namely, dysmenorrhoea, abnormal uterine bleeding and premenstrual syndrome), which are known to impact school and social activities. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Phase I will comprise a Delphi panel of women's health specialists, public health professionals and curriculum consultants and focus groups with adolescent girls, teachers and school healthcare professionals. This will inform the development of an intervention to facilitate OM health literacy. The Delphi panel will also inform the development of a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate OM health literacy. Phase II will trial the intervention with a convenience sample of at least 175 adolescent girls from one single-sex school. The mixed-method evaluation of the intervention will include a pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaire. One-on-one interviews with teachers and school healthcare professionals will expand the understanding of the barriers, enablers and suitability of implementation of the intervention in a school-based setting. Finally, focus groups with purposively selected trial participants will further refine the intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study findings will be disseminated through local community seminars, conferences, peer-review articles and media channels where appropriate. The Curtin University of Human Research Ethics Committee has approved this study (approval HRE2018-0101). This project is registered with the 'Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry'. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619000031167; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Roux
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - HuiJun Jun Chih
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Cross D, Runions KC, Shaw T, Wong JWY, Campbell M, Pearce N, Burns S, Lester L, Barnes A, Resnicow K. Friendly Schools Universal Bullying Prevention Intervention: Effectiveness with Secondary School Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42380-018-0004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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De Vos M, Ley S, Derendinger B, Dippenaar A, Grobbelaar M, Reuter A, Daniels J, Burns S, Theron G, Posey J, Warren R, Cox H. EMERGENCE OF BEDAQUILINE RESISTANCE AFTER COMPLETION OF BEDAQUILINE-BASED DRUGRESISTANT TB TREATMENT: A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTH AFRICA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. De Vos
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University
| | - S. Ley
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University
| | - B. Derendinger
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University
| | - A. Dippenaar
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University
| | - M. Grobbelaar
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University
| | - A. Reuter
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels (OCB), Khayelitsha Project, Cape Town
| | - J. Daniels
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Centre Brussels (OCB), Khayelitsha Project, Cape Town
| | - S. Burns
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - G. Theron
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University
| | - J. Posey
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - R. Warren
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University
| | - H. Cox
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town
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McCluskey A, Kendall G, Burns S. Students', parents' and teachers' views about the resources required by school nurses in Perth, Western Australia. J Res Nurs 2018; 24:515-526. [PMID: 34394570 DOI: 10.1177/1744987118807250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nurses play a significant role in promoting health in schools; however, they are often poorly resourced to do so. Aims The aim of the study was to identify the perceptions of students, parents and teachers regarding the resources school nurses require in order to practise effectively in the secondary school environment in Perth, Western Australia. Methods One-on-one interviews were conducted with parents, teachers, nurses, school principals and school counsellors. Focus groups were conducted at three schools with students in years 10, 11 and 12, parents and teachers. Interviews and focus group data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results It was acknowledged that nurses in all schools were under-resourced, with large student numbers contributing to high workloads. The importance of privacy during a visit to the school nurse was highlighted by students. All stakeholders discussed the advantages of nurses completing extra qualifications, in addition to an undergraduate degree. Appropriate support and supervision were also highlighted. Conclusions School nurses need to thoroughly document and describe the work that they do and collaborate within the school community to advocate for increased resources. There is a great need for further research regarding the school nurse role involving the whole school community, and most importantly the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McCluskey
- Maternal Health Program Coordinator, Derbarl Yerrigan Health Service Australia
| | - Garth Kendall
- Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Associate Professor, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Australia
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Zaman M, Huissoon A, Buckland M, Patel S, Alachkar H, Edgar JD, Thomas M, Arumugakani G, Baxendale H, Burns S, Williams AP, Jolles S, Herriot R, Sargur RB, Arkwright PD. Clinical and laboratory features of seventy-eight UK patients with Good's syndrome (thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia). Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:132-138. [PMID: 30216434 PMCID: PMC6300645 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Good’s syndrome (thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia) is a rare secondary immunodeficiency disease, previously reported in the published literature as mainly individual cases or small case series. We use the national UK‐Primary Immune Deficiency (UKPID) registry to identify a large cohort of patients in the UK with this PID to review its clinical course, natural history and prognosis. Clinical information, laboratory data, treatment and outcome were collated and analysed. Seventy‐eight patients with a median age of 64 years, 59% of whom were female, were reviewed. Median age of presentation was 54 years. Absolute B cell numbers and serum immunoglobulins were very low in all patients and all received immunoglobulin replacement therapy. All patients had undergone thymectomy and nine (12%) had thymic carcinoma (four locally invasive and five had disseminated disease) requiring adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. CD4 T cells were significantly lower in these patients with malignant thymoma. Seventy‐four (95%) presented with infections, 35 (45%) had bronchiectasis, seven (9%) chronic sinusitis, but only eight (10%) had serious invasive fungal or viral infections. Patients with AB‐type thymomas were more likely to have bronchiectasis. Twenty (26%) suffered from autoimmune diseases (pure red cell aplasia, hypothyroidism, arthritis, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome). There was no association between thymoma type and autoimmunity. Seven (9%) patients had died. Good’s syndrome is associated with significant morbidity relating to infectious and autoimmune complications. Prospective studies are required to understand why some patients with thymoma develop persistent hypogammaglobulinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaman
- Immunology, University of Manchester, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A Huissoon
- West Midlands Immunodeficiency Centre, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Buckland
- Immunology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Patel
- Immunology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - H Alachkar
- Immunology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - J D Edgar
- Regional Immunology Service, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - M Thomas
- Immunology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - H Baxendale
- Immunology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Burns
- University College London, Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - A P Williams
- Immunology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - S Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Herriot
- Immunology, Royal Aberdeen Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - R B Sargur
- Immunology, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - P D Arkwright
- Immunology, University of Manchester, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Rural clinicians in small communities face the pressure of always being 'on duty', and the ethical challenges of overlapping relationships with members of the community and duality of roles. The lead author of this commentary has experience as an insider researcher living within a small rural community, and has navigated the ethical challenges and community pressures of conducting qualitative research within an interconnected network. With appropriate measures and planning, insider research can be conducted rigorously, while maintaining ongoing relationships, confidentiality and anonymity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Heslop
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia
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Swaney SE, Burns S. Exploring reasons for vaccine-hesitancy among higher-SES parents in Perth, Western Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:143-152. [PMID: 30091836 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED The increasing prevalence among higher-socioeconomic (higher-SES) parents in Perth, Western Australia (WA), to be vaccine-hesitant (VH) is placing herd immunity at risk. METHODS Eighteen one-on-one interviews were conducted; (n = 11) parents who earned >$125 000 pa and expressed ever having concerns surrounding vaccination; (n = 7) health care professionals (HCPs), who provided clinical services. Using grounded theory methodology, data were analysed by constant coding and comparison until themes emerged and an explanatory model was developed. RESULTS Four main areas leading to vaccine-hesitancy emerged from the data: We are Educated; We Control our Health; Safe from Disease, At Risk from Vaccines; and What We Want. Parents believed themselves capable of making good vaccination decisions based on their higher education levels and self-sourced vaccination information, yet frequently sought reassurance. Healthism concepts were adopted and parents believed lifestyle factors could control for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD). Risk perception of disease was low and influenced by the remote geographic location of Perth, whilst perceived negative consequences of vaccination were high. A reduced concept of the social responsibility for vaccination and understanding of herd immunity emerged. Parents called for vaccine contents to be listed and requested more information on why vaccination was necessary. CONCLUSION Four areas of VH emerged and reflected parents' belief that higher educational and socioeconomic status, previous successes in life and where they live would result in positive health outcomes and reduce the risk of contracting VPDs. SO WHAT?: This study provides new research into the perceptions among higher-SES VH parents who live in Perth, WA. It provides a model that fills a significant gap in information that could be used effectively for future health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Passmore HM, Mutch RC, Burns S, Watkins R, Carapetis J, Hall G, Bower C. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Knowledge, attitudes, experiences and practices of the Western Australian youth custodial workforce. Int J Law Psychiatry 2018; 59:44-52. [PMID: 29996987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a condition caused by prenatal alcohol exposure and characterised by lifelong physical, behavioural and cognitive abnormalities. Primary disabilities, such as impairment in memory, attention, cognition, language, executive function, and adaptive function, can lead to young people with FASD becoming engaged with the justice system. Little is known about the extent of FASD in youth detention in Australia, or of the capacity custodial staff have to manage and support young people with FASD. In tandem with a study assessing the prevalence of FASD among youth in detention in Western Australia (WA), this study aims to establish the current knowledge, attitudes, experiences and practices regarding FASD and other neurodevelopmental impairments among youth custodial officers in order to develop training resources for this workforce. METHODS We invited youth custodial officers in the only youth detention centre in WA to participate in an online or hardcopy survey. The survey was developed following extensive consultation with the workforce and investigated their knowledge, attitudes, experiences and practices relating to FASD and other neurodevelopmental impairments. This included experience working with young people with FASD and other impairments, and attitudes towards relevant training. RESULTS 112 youth custodial officers (51% of the youth custodial workforce) completed the survey. While many respondents had heard of FASD (77%) and understood it is relevant to the justice system (74%), limited in-depth FASD knowledge existed. Many respondents were unsure or unaware that FASD is permanent brain damage (53%) and cannot be outgrown (57%). Respondents were infrequently informed if a young person in detention had a diagnosis of FASD. Almost all custodial officers indicated motivation to complete training to further understand FASD (92%) and other neurodevelopmental impairments (94%), with particular interest in the application of management strategies appropriate for affected young people. CONCLUSIONS A lack of specific knowledge, inadequate training to recognise and manage young people with neurodevelopmental impairments, and inconsistent information-sharing processes reduce the ability of the custodial workforce to care for young people with FASD and other neurodevelopmental impairments. These findings have supported the development and evaluation of training resources targeting the specific needs and requests of the WA youth custodial workforce, and this is now underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Passmore
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Raewyn C Mutch
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Child and Adolescent Health Service, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rochelle Watkins
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Guy Hall
- School of Law, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carol Bower
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Runions KC, Salmivalli C, Shaw T, Burns S, Cross D. Beyond the reactive-proactive dichotomy: Rage, revenge, reward, and recreational aggression predict early high school bully and bully/victim status. Aggress Behav 2018; 44:501-511. [PMID: 29956340 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of reactive and proactive aggression in school bullying perpetration remains unclear. In this study, we explore the predictive value of an expanded model of aggression motives based on the Quadripartite Violence Typology (QVT), which distinguishes between motivational valence (appetitive or aversive) and recruitment of deliberative self-control to derive four classes of motives: Rage, Revenge, Reward, and Recreation. With a sample of 1,802 students from grades 7-9, we assessed aggression motives via self-report, along with self-report of bullying perpetration and victimization, which were used to assign students into categories of Pure Bully, Bully/Victim (B/V), Pure Victim, and Uninvolved. Two structural models were computed to examine the relationship between these four categories of bullying involvement and aggression motives, using conservative and liberal bullying cutoffs. As predicted, B/V status was more strongly related to Rage and Revenge motives. However, B/Vs had higher scores than Pure Bullies for almost all aggression motives, including Recreation. We discuss the implications of addressing Revenge and Recreation, as well as Reward and Rage (which map most clearly to proactive and reactive aggression, respectively) aggression motives, for bullying prevention and intervention strategies, especially among adolescents for whom extant bullying prevention strategies may be ineffective or counterproductive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Runions
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Western Australian Department of Health, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Therese Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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