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Alves K, Plested JS, Galbiati S, Chau G, Cloney-Clark S, Zhu M, Kalkeri R, Patel N, Smith K, Marcheschi A, Pfeiffer S, McFall H, Smith G, Glenn GM, Dubovsky F, Mallory RM. Immunogenicity and safety of a fourth homologous dose of NVX-CoV2373. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00612-6. [PMID: 37271706 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has significantly reduced the efficacy of some approved vaccines. A fourth dose of NVX-CoV2373 (5 µg SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike [rS] protein + 50 µg Matrix-M™ adjuvant; Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD) was evaluated to determine induction of cross-reactive antibodies to variants of concern. A phase II randomized study (NCT04368988) recruited participants in Australia and the United States to assess a primary series of NVX-CoV2373 followed by two booster doses (third and fourth doses at 6-month intervals) in adults 18-84 years of age. The primary series was administered when the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain was prevalent and the third and fourth doses while the Alpha and Delta variants were prevalent in AUS and US. Local/systemic reactogenicity was assessed the day of vaccination and for 6 days thereafter. Unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were reported. Immunogenicity was measured before, and 14 days after, fourth dose administration, using anti-spike serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralization assays against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and Omicron sublineages. Among 1283 enrolled participants, 258 were randomized to receive the two-dose primary series, of whom 104 received a third dose, and 45 received a fourth dose of NVX-CoV2373. The incidence of local/systemic reactogenicity events increased after the first three doses of NVX-CoV2373 and leveled off after dose 4. Unsolicited AEs were reported in 9 % of participants after dose 4 (none of which were severe or serious). Anti-rS IgG levels and neutralization antibody titers increased following booster doses to a level approximately four-fold higher than that observed after the primary series, with a progressively narrowed gap in response between the ancestral strain and Omicron BA.5. A fourth dose of NVX-CoV2373 enhanced immunogenicity for ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 strains without increasing reactogenicity, indicating that updates to the vaccine composition may not be currently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Alves
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Joyce S Plested
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | | | - Gordon Chau
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | | | - Mingzhu Zhu
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Raj Kalkeri
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Nita Patel
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Kathy Smith
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Alex Marcheschi
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Susan Pfeiffer
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Heather McFall
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Gregory M Glenn
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Filip Dubovsky
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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Underwood E, Dunkle LM, Madhi SA, Gay CL, Heath PT, Kotloff KL, Smith K, Chau G, Galbiati S, McGarry A, Woo W, Cho I, Alves K, Áñez G, Bennett C, Shinde V, Fries L, Mallory RM, Glenn GM, Toback S. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023. [PMID: 37246757 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2218913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As SARS-CoV-2 moves into endemic status, vaccination remains a key element in protecting the health of individuals, societies, and economies worldwide. AREAS COVERED NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD) is a recombinant protein vaccine composed of SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer nanoparticles formulated with saponin-based Matrix-M™ adjuvant (Novavax, Gaithersburg, MD). NVX-CoV2373 is authorized for emergency use in adults and adolescents aged ≥12 years in the United States and numerous other countries. EXPERT OPINION In clinical trials, NVX-CoV2373 showed tolerable reactogenicity and favorable safety profiles characterized by mostly mild-to-moderate adverse events of short duration and by low rates of severe and serious adverse events comparable to those seen with placebo. The two-dose primary vaccination series resulted in robust increases in anti-spike protein immunoglobulin G, neutralizing antibody titers, and cellular immune responses. NVX-CoV2373 vaccination was associated with complete protection against severe disease and a high (90%) rate of protection against symptomatic disease in adults, including symptomatic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, the NVX-CoV2373 adjuvanted recombinant protein platform offers a means to address issues of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and global vaccine equity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cynthia L Gay
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul T Heath
- Vaccine Institute, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS; Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wayne Woo
- Novavax, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Iksung Cho
- Novavax, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Diemert DJ, Correa-Oliveira R, Fraga CG, Talles F, Silva MR, Patel SM, Galbiati S, Kennedy JK, Lundeen JS, Gazzinelli MF, Li G, Hoeweler L, Deye GA, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, El Sahly HM, Keitel WA, Bethony J, Atmar RL. A randomized, controlled Phase 1b trial of the Sm-TSP-2 Vaccine for intestinal schistosomiasis in healthy Brazilian adults living in an endemic area. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011236. [PMID: 36996185 PMCID: PMC10089325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant Schistosoma mansoni Tetraspanin-2 formulated on Alhydrogel (Sm-TSP-2/Alhydrogel) is being developed to prevent intestinal and hepatic disease caused by S. mansoni. The tegumentary Sm-TSP-2 antigen was selected based on its unique recognition by cytophilic antibodies in putatively immune individuals living in areas of ongoing S. mansoni transmission in Brazil, and preclinical studies in which vaccination with Sm-TSP-2 protected mice following infection challenge. METHODS A randomized, observer-blind, controlled, Phase 1b clinical trial was conducted in 60 healthy adults living in a region of Brazil with ongoing S. mansoni transmission. In each cohort of 20 participants, 16 were randomized to receive one of two formulations of Sm-TSP-2 vaccine (adjuvanted with Alhydrogel only, or with Alhydrogel plus the Toll-like receptor-4 agonist, AP 10-701), and 4 to receive Euvax B hepatitis B vaccine. Successively higher doses of antigen (10 μg, 30 μg, and 100 μg) were administered in a dose-escalation fashion, with progression to the next dose cohort being dependent upon evaluation of 7-day safety data after all participants in the preceding cohort had received their first dose of vaccine. Each participant received 3 intramuscular injections of study product at intervals of 2 months and was followed for 12 months after the third vaccination. IgG and IgG subclass antibody responses to Sm-TSP-2 were measured by qualified indirect ELISAs at pre- and post-vaccination time points through the final study visit. RESULTS Sm-TSP-2/Alhydrogel administered with or without AP-10-701 was well-tolerated in this population. The most common solicited adverse events were mild injection site tenderness and pain, and mild headache. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or adverse events of special interest were observed. Groups administered Sm-TSP-2/Alhydrogel with AP 10-701 had higher post-vaccination levels of antigen-specific IgG antibody. A significant dose-response relationship was seen in those administered Sm-TSP-2/Alhydrogel with AP 10-701. Peak anti-Sm-TSP-2 IgG levels were observed approximately 2 weeks following the third dose, regardless of Sm-TSP-2 formulation. IgG levels fell to low levels by Day 478 in all groups except the 100 μg with AP 10-701 group, in which 50% of subjects (4 of 8) still had IgG levels that were ≥4-fold higher than baseline. IgG subclass levels mirrored those of total IgG, with IgG1 being the predominant subclass response. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination of adults with Sm-TSP-2/Alhydrogel in an area of ongoing S. mansoni transmission was safe, minimally reactogenic, and elicited significant IgG and IgG subclass responses against the vaccine antigen. These promising results have led to initiation of a Phase 2 clinical trial of this vaccine in an endemic region of Uganda. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03110757.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Diemert
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz em Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo Geraldo Fraga
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz em Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico Talles
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz em Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcella Rezende Silva
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz em Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Shital M Patel
- Departments of Molecular Virology & Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shirley Galbiati
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessie K Kennedy
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jordan S Lundeen
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Flavia Gazzinelli
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz em Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guangzhao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Lara Hoeweler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Gregory A Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious, Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hana M El Sahly
- Departments of Molecular Virology & Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wendy A Keitel
- Departments of Molecular Virology & Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Departments of Molecular Virology & Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Alves K, Plested JS, Galbiati S, Chau G, Cloney-Clark S, Zhu M, Kalkeri R, Patel N, Smith K, Marcheschi A, Pfeiffer S, McFall H, Smith G, Glenn GM, Dubovsky F, Mallory RM. Immunogenicity of a Fourth Homologous Dose of NVX-CoV2373. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:857-859. [PMID: 36734884 PMCID: PMC9891358 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2215509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Murphy SC, Vaughan AM, Kublin JG, Fishbauger M, Seilie AM, Cruz KP, Mankowski T, Firat M, Magee S, Betz W, Kain H, Camargo N, Haile MT, Armstrong J, Fritzen E, Hertoghs N, Kumar S, Sather DN, Pinder LF, Deye GA, Galbiati S, Geber C, Butts J, Jackson LA, Kappe SH. A genetically engineered Plasmodium falciparum parasite vaccine provides protection from controlled human malaria infection. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn9709. [PMID: 36001680 PMCID: PMC10423335 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered live Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites constitute a potential platform for creating consistently attenuated, genetically defined, whole-parasite vaccines against malaria through targeted gene deletions. Such genetically attenuated parasites (GAPs) do not require attenuation by irradiation or concomitant drug treatment. We previously developed a P. falciparum (Pf) GAP with deletions in P52, P36, and SAP1 genes (PfGAP3KO) and demonstrated its safety and immunogenicity in humans. Here, we further assessed safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the PfGAP3KO vaccine and tested its efficacy against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in malaria-naïve subjects. The vaccine was delivered by three (n = 6) or five (n = 8) immunizations with ~200 PfGAP3KO-infected mosquito bites per immunization. PfGAP3KO was safe and well tolerated with no breakthrough P. falciparum blood stage infections. Vaccine-related adverse events were predominately localized urticaria related to the numerous mosquito bites administered per vaccination. CHMI via bites with mosquitoes carrying fully infectious Pf NF54 parasites was carried out 1 month after the last immunization. Half of the study participants who received either three or five PfGAP3KO immunizations remained P. falciparum blood stage negative, as shown by a lack of detection of Plasmodium 18S rRNA in the blood for 28 days after CHMI. Six protected study participants received a second CHMI 6 months later, and one remained completely protected. Thus, the PfGAP3KO vaccine was safe and immunogenic and was capable of inducing protection against sporozoite infection. These results warrant further evaluation of PfGAP3KO vaccine efficacy in dose-range finding trials with an injectable formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98105
| | - James G. Kublin
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Matthew Fishbauger
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Annette M. Seilie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kurtis P. Cruz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Tracie Mankowski
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Melike Firat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Sara Magee
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Will Betz
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Heather Kain
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Nelly Camargo
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Meseret T. Haile
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Janna Armstrong
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Emma Fritzen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Nina Hertoghs
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - D. Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Leeya F. Pinder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Gregory A. Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Casey Geber
- The Emmes Company; Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Lisa A. Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute; Seattle, WA
| | - Stefan H.I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute; 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98105
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Wasik H, Chadha V, Galbiati S, Warady B, Atkinson M. Dialysis Outcomes for Children With Lupus Nephritis Compared to Children With Other Forms of Nephritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 79:626-634. [PMID: 34461164 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Children with lupus nephritis (LN) are at high risk of developing kidney failure requiring initiation of kidney replacement therapy. This study compared outcomes among children with LN on dialysis with children with non-lupus glomerular disease and investigated risk factors for adverse outcomes among children with LN on dialysis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Children and adolescents aged 6-20 years with LN (n = 231) and non-lupus glomerular disease (n = 1,726) who initiated maintenance dialysis 1991-2018 and were enrolled in the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS) registry. EXPOSURE Lupus nephritis. OUTCOME Hospitalization, mortality, and time to transplant. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Contingency tables were used to compare hospitalizations, and multivariable cause-specific hazards models were used to compare rates of death and transplantation in children with LN compared with those with non-lupus glomerular disease. Using data from children with LN, multivariable logistic regression models were fit to evaluate the risk factors for hospitalization, and multivariable Cox regression models were fit to evaluate factors associated with kidney transplantation. RESULTS Children with LN were more likely to be hospitalized in the first year after dialysis initiation (63.3% vs 48.6%, P < 0.001) and were less likely to receive a kidney transplant in the first 3 years after dialysis initiation (year 0-1: adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.36 [95% CI, 0.23-0.57], P < 0.001; year 1-3: AHR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.54-0.98], P = 0.04). Anemia was associated with hospitalization after dialysis initiation (adjusted OR, 4.44 [95% CI, 1.44-13.66], P = 0.01). Non-White race was associated with a lower rate of kidney transplantation (AHR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.27-0.82], P = 0.01). LN was not associated with death while on dialysis (AHR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.47-3.11], P = 0.7). LIMITATIONS The NAPRTCS registry does not collect information on lupus disease activity or medication doses and has limited data on medication use. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with LN on dialysis are at higher risk for adverse outcomes including hospitalization and lower rates of kidney transplantation compared with children with non-lupus glomerular disease receiving maintenance dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wasik
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
| | - Vimal Chadha
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Bradley Warady
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Meredith Atkinson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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7
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Barton KT, Halani K, Galbiati S, Dandamudi R, Hmiel SP, Dharnidharka VR. Late first acute rejection in pediatric kidney transplantation: A North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies special study. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13953. [PMID: 33350558 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rates of early AR in pediatric kidney transplantation have declined in every era but the most recent NAPRTCS cohort has shown an increase in late first AR rates. We hypothesized this was due to an increased proportion of deceased donor utilization and early steroid taper utilization. Using the NAPRTCS database, we compared the most recent three cohorts of patients transplanted between 2002-2006, 2007-2011, and 2012-2017. To determine variables that predict late first AR, we used two multivariable models: a standard Cox regression model and LASSO model. From the LASSO model, deceased donor source (P = .002), higher recipient age (P = .019), black race (P = .010), and transplant cohort 2012-17 (P = .014) were all significant predictors of more late first AR. On standard Cox regression analysis, those same variables, minus donor source, were significant, in addition to mycophenolates usage (P = .007) and lower eGFR at 12 months (P = .02). The most recent 2012-2017 cohort remains an independently significant risk factor for late first AR, suggesting unmeasured variables. Further research is needed to determine whether these higher late first AR rates will impact long-term graft survival in the most recent cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Barton
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension and Pheresis, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Raja Dandamudi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension and Pheresis, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stanley Paul Hmiel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension and Pheresis, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vikas R Dharnidharka
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension and Pheresis, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Danesi R, Lo YMD, Oellerich M, Beck J, Galbiati S, Re MD, Lianidou E, Neumaier M, van Schaik RHN. What do we need to obtain high quality circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for routine diagnostic test in oncology? - Considerations on pre-analytical aspects by the IFCC workgroup cfDNA. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:168-171. [PMID: 34081934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of circulating cell free DNA is an important tool for the analysis of tumor resistance, tumor heterogeneity, detection of minimal residual disease and detection of allograft rejection in kidney or heart transplant patients. The proper use of this technique is important, and starts with considering pre-analytic aspects. The current paper addresses some important technical considerations to ensure the proper and harmonized use of cfDNA techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Y M D Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Oellerich
- Dept. Clinical Pharmacology, George-August University, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - J Beck
- Chronix BioMedical GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Galbiati
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Lianidou
- Dept. Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R H N van Schaik
- Dept. Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Murphy SC, Deye GA, Sim BKL, Galbiati S, Kennedy JK, Cohen KW, Chakravarty S, KC N, Abebe Y, James ER, Kublin JG, Hoffman SL, Richie TL, Jackson LA. PfSPZ-CVac efficacy against malaria increases from 0% to 75% when administered in the absence of erythrocyte stage parasitemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with controlled human malaria infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009594. [PMID: 34048504 PMCID: PMC8191919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PfSPZ-CVac combines 'PfSPZ Challenge', which consists of infectious Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ), with concurrent antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. In a previously-published PfSPZ-CVac study, three doses of 5.12x104 PfSPZ-CVac given 28 days apart had 100% vaccine efficacy (VE) against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 10 weeks after the last immunization, while the same dose given as three injections five days apart had 63% VE. Here, we conducted a dose escalation trial of similarly condensed schedules. Of the groups proceeding to CHMI, the first study group received three direct venous inoculations (DVIs) of a dose of 5.12x104 PfSPZ-CVac seven days apart and the next full dose group received three DVIs of a higher dose of 1.024x105 PfSPZ-CVac five days apart. CHMI (3.2x103 PfSPZ Challenge) was performed by DVI 10 weeks after the last vaccination. In both CHMI groups, transient parasitemia occurred starting seven days after each vaccination. For the seven-day interval group, the second and third vaccinations were therefore administered coincident with parasitemia from the prior vaccination. Parasitemia was associated with systemic symptoms which were severe in 25% of subjects. VE in the seven-day group was 0% (7/7 infected) and in the higher-dose, five-day group was 75% (2/8 infected). Thus, the same dose of PfSPZ-CVac previously associated with 63% VE when given on a five-day schedule in the prior study had zero VE here when given on a seven-day schedule, while a double dose given on a five-day schedule here achieved 75% VE. The relative contributions of the five-day schedule and/or the higher dose to improved VE warrant further investigation. It is notable that administration of PfSPZ-CVac on a schedule where vaccine administration coincided with blood-stage parasitemia was associated with an absence of sterile protective immunity. Clinical trials registration: NCT02773979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Murphy
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - B. Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shirley Galbiati
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Kristen W. Cohen
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Natasha KC
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yonas Abebe
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric R. James
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James G. Kublin
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lisa A. Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bach T, Galbiati S, Kennedy JK, Deye G, Nomicos EYH, Codd EE, Garcia HH, Horton J, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Winokur P, An G. Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Oxfendazole in Healthy Adults in an Open-Label Phase 1 Multiple Ascending Dose and Food Effect Study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e01018-20. [PMID: 32816721 PMCID: PMC7577123 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01018-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis and trichuriasis are difficult-to-treat parasitic infections that affect more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. Oxfendazole, a potent broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic approved for use in veterinary medicine, has shown substantial antiparasitic activity against neurocysticercosis and intestinal helminths in preclinical studies. As part of a program to transition oxfendazole from veterinary medicine to human use, phase I multiple ascending dose and food effect studies were conducted. Thirty-six healthy adults were enrolled in an open-label study which evaluated (i) the pharmacokinetics and safety of oxfendazole following multiple ascending doses of oxfendazole oral suspension at 3, 7.5, and 15 mg/kg once daily for 5 days and (ii) the effect of food on oxfendazole pharmacokinetics and safety after a single 3-mg/kg dose administered following an overnight fast or the consumption of a fatty breakfast. Following multiple oral dose administration, the intestinal absorption of oxfendazole was rapid, with the time to maximum concentration of drug in serum (Tmax) ranging from 1.92 to 2.56 h. A similar half-life of oxfendazole (9.21 to 11.8 h) was observed across all dose groups evaluated, and oxfendazole exhibited significantly less than a dose-proportional increase in exposure. Oxfendazole plasma exposures were higher in female subjects than in male subjects. Following daily administration, oxfendazole reached a steady state in plasma on study day 3, with minimal accumulation. Food delayed the oxfendazole Tmax by a median of 6.88 h and resulted in a 49.2% increase in the maximum observed drug concentration in plasma (Cmax) and an 86.4% increase in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Oxfendazole was well tolerated in all study groups, and there were no major safety signals identified in this study. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT03035760.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Bach
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Effie Y H Nomicos
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen E Codd
- Codd Consulting, LLC, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA
- Oxfendazole Development Group, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hector H Garcia
- Oxfendazole Development Group, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - John Horton
- Oxfendazole Development Group, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA
- Tropical Projects, Hitchin, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Oxfendazole Development Group, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Armando E Gonzalez
- Oxfendazole Development Group, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia Winokur
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Guohua An
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Wasik H, CHADHA V, Galbiati S, Warady B, Atkinson M. SAT-202 DIALYSIS OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Rigouts L, Miotto P, Schats M, Lempens P, Cabibbe AM, Galbiati S, Lampasona V, de Rijk P, Cirillo DM, de Jong BC. Fluoroquinolone heteroresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: detection by genotypic and phenotypic assays in experimentally mixed populations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11760. [PMID: 31409849 PMCID: PMC6692311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroresistance - the simultaneous presence of drug-susceptible and -resistant organisms - is common in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the limit of detection (LOD) of genotypic assays to detect gatifloxacin-resistant mutants in experimentally mixed populations. A fluoroquinolone-susceptible M. tuberculosis mother strain (S) and its in vitro selected resistant daughter strain harbouring the D94G mutation in gyrA (R) were mixed at different ratio’s. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against gatifloxacin were determined, while PCR-based techniques included: line probe assays (Genotype MTBDRsl and GenoScholar-FQ + KM TB II), Sanger sequencing and targeted deep sequencing. Droplet digital PCR was used as molecular reference method. A breakpoint concentration of 0.25 mg/L allows the phenotypic detection of ≥1% resistant bacilli, whereas at 0.5 mg/L ≥ 5% resistant bacilli are detected. Line probe assays detected ≥5% mutants. Sanger sequencing required the presence of around 15% mutant bacilli to be detected as (hetero) resistant, while targeted deep sequencing detected ≤1% mutants. Deep sequencing and phenotypic testing are the most sensitive methods for detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant minority populations, followed by line probe assays (provided that the mutation is confirmed by a mutation band), while Sanger sequencing proved to be the least sensitive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rigouts
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - P Miotto
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Schats
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Lempens
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A M Cabibbe
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Galbiati
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - V Lampasona
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P de Rijk
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D M Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - B C de Jong
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Molteni E, Pagani E, Strazzer S, Arrigoni F, Beretta E, Boffa G, Galbiati S, Filippi M, Rocca MA. Fronto-temporal vulnerability to disconnection in paediatric moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1183-1190. [PMID: 30964589 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with moderate and severe paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), we investigated the presence and severity of white matter (WM) tract damage, cortical lobar and deep grey matter (GM) atrophies, their interplay and their correlation with outcome rating scales. METHODS Diffusion tensor (DT) and 3D T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained from 22 TBI children (13 boys; mean age at insult = 11.6 years; 72.7% in chronic condition) and 31 age-matched healthy children. Patients were tested with outcome rating scales and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). DT MRI indices were obtained from several supra- and infra-tentorial WM tracts. Cortical lobar and deep GM volumes were derived. Comparisons between patients and controls, and between patients in acute (<6 months from the event) vs. chronic (≥6 months) condition were performed. RESULTS Patients showed a widespread pattern of decreased WM FA and GM atrophy. Compared to acute, chronic patients showed severer atrophy in the right frontal lobe and reduced FA in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus and corpus callosum (CC). Decreased axial diffusivity was observed in acute patients versus controls in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and CC. Chronic patients showed increased axial diffusivity in the same structures. Uncinate fasciculus DT MRI abnormalities correlated with atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes. Hippocampal atrophy correlated with reduced WISC scores, whereas putamen atrophy correlated with lower functional independence measure scores. CONCLUSIONS The study isolated a distributed fronto-temporal network of structures particularly vulnerable to axonal damage and atrophy that may contribute to cognitive deficits following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Molteni
- Acquired Brain Injury Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - E Pagani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Strazzer
- Acquired Brain Injury Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - F Arrigoni
- Acquired Brain Injury Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - E Beretta
- Acquired Brain Injury Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - G Boffa
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Galbiati
- Acquired Brain Injury Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - M Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - M A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Bevilacqua N, George M, Galbiati S, Bazylak A, Zeis R. Phosphoric Acid Invasion in High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chevalier S, Fazeli M, Mack F, Galbiati S, Manke I, Bazylak A, Zeis R. Role of the microporous layer in the redistribution of phosphoric acid in high temperature PEM fuel cell gas diffusion electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Abstract
The presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma represents a source of genetic material which can be obtained non-invasively. To date, the translation of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis from research into clinical practice has been rather fragmented, and despite the advances in improving the analytical sensitivity of methods, distinguishing between fetal and maternal sequences remains very challenging. Thus, the field of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases has yet to attain a routine application in clinical diagnostics. On the contrary, fetal sex determination in pregnancies at high risk of sex-linked disorders, tests for fetal RHD genotyping and non-invasive assessment of chromosomal aneuploidies are now available worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrari
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - P Carrera
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - V Lampasona
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Galbiati
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Locatelli F, Pozzi M, Avantaggiato P, Lanfranchi M, Tufarulo L, Amorelli V, Rizzi G, Radice S, Galbiati S, Clementi E, Strazzer S. Pharyngeal spasticity due to dantrolene. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:449-51. [PMID: 24725261 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Dantrolene can be combined with baclofen to better treat spasticity, but may cause muscular weakness and dysphagia. We instead describe a pharyngeal spasm due to dantrolene. CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old male received dantrolene 3 mg/kg/day in adjunct to baclofen 2 mg/kg/day, to improve spasticity. After 5 days of full-dose dantrolene, his dysphagia worsened and he developed pharyngeal spasm. Dantrolene was suspected for an adverse reaction and removed. The patient subsequently improved. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Causality analysis determined a probable relationship between dantrolene and pharyngeal spasm. This may be due to direct muscle contraction by dantrolene, an effect seen previously in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Locatelli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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Galbiati S, Monguzzi A, Soriani N, Stenirri S, Lalatta F, Seia M, Restagno G, Damin F, Chiari M, Ferrari M. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases by advanced technologies. Clin Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Inversetti A, Smid M, Valsecchi L, Causarano V, Galbiati S, Cremonesi L, Ferrari M, Candiani M. W227 PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL PREDICTIVE MARKERS OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA ANALYZING MESSENGER RNAs CIRCULATING IN MATERNAL PLASMA. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Pieruzzi F, Street M, Brambilla P, Giussani M, Galbiati S, Smerieri A, Ziveri M, Bernasconi S, Zuccotti G, Stella A, Genovesi S. ADIPONECTIN, INSULIN RESISTANCE AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN A PAEDIATRIC POPULATION. J Hypertens 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/00004872-201106001-00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Genovesi S, Antolini L, Giussani M, Brambilla P, Barbieri V, Galbiati S, Mastriani S, Sala V, Valsecchi MG, Stella A. Hypertension, prehypertension, and transient elevated blood pressure in children: association with weight excess and waist circumference. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:756-61. [PMID: 20300068 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence of hypertension (H), prehypertension (PH), and transient elevated blood pressure (TH) and their relationship with weight class and waist circumference (WC) in an unselected population of Northern Italian children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5,131 children (5-11 years). Weight class was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force references, H and PH according to the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. A child was classified as having PH or H when systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at first screening were > or =90th percentile and the mean of three subsequent measures was between the 90th and 95th or > or =95th percentile, respectively. When BP values at the first screening were > or =90th percentile but the mean of three subsequent measures was <90th percentile the child was classified as having TH. RESULTS A proportion of 3.4% presented H, 2.7% PH, and 10.4% TH, 20% overweight, and 6% obesity. Weight class and WC were significantly associated to an increased risk of falling into any of the hypertensive categories. In children with TH BP z-scores of the mean of the three subsequent measurements following the first screening were significantly higher than BP z-scores observed in normotensive children (P value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Weight class and WC are associated with BP. This is observed not only for H but also for PH, and for nonsustained forms of H. Prospective studies are needed to assess whether children with PH and TH will develop sustained H.
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Poggi G, Liscio M, Adduci A, Galbiati S, Massimino M, Sommovigo M, Zetiin M, Figini E, Castelli E. Psychological and adjustment problems due to acquired brain lesions in childhood: a comparison between post-traumatic patients and brain tumour survivors. Brain Inj 2005; 19:777-85. [PMID: 16175838 DOI: 10.1080/0269905500110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define and differentiate psychological and adjustment problems due to brain injury or brain tumour in children and adolescents. METHODS Two groups of patients with acquired brain lesions (24 post-traumatic patients and 22 brain tumour survivors), ranging in age between 8-15 years, received a psychological evaluation, including the Child Behaviour Checklist for Ages 4-18 (CBCL) and the Vineland Behaviour Adaptive Scales (VABS). RESULTS Both groups showed psychological and social adjustment problems. Post-traumatic patients were more impaired than brain tumour survivors. Social adjustment problems were associated to externalizing problems in post-traumatic patients and internalizing problems in brain tumour surviving patients. CONCLUSIONS These differences in psychological and behavioural disorders between the two groups must necessarily be considered when developing psychological treatment, rehabilitation plan and social re-entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Poggi
- IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy.
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Garlaschi M, Cariani L, Laricchia L, Clarizia G, Russo P, Costantini D, Galbiati S, Blasi F, Torresani E. INDIVIDUAZIONE PRECOCE DI PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA NELL’ESPETTORATO DI PAZIENTI CON FIBROSI CISTICA MEDIANTE PCR. Microbiol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2005.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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24
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Genovesi S, Giussani M, Pieruzzi F, Sironi A, Zaccaria D, Tono V, Galbiati S, Cavuto S, Stella A. Effects of Weight Excess and Gender on Blood Pressure Values in a Paediatric Population. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2005. [DOI: 10.2165/00151642-200512030-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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25
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Cavaletti G, Cavalletti E, Crippa L, Di Luccio E, Oggioni N, Mazzanti B, Biagioli T, Sala F, Sala V, Frigo M, Rota S, Tagliabue E, Stanzani L, Galbiati S, Rigolio R, Zoia C, Tredici G, Perseghin P, Dassi M, Riccio P, Lolli F. Pixantrone (BBR2778) reduces the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 151:55-65. [PMID: 15145604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Revised: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pixantrone is less cardiotoxic and is similarly effective to mitoxantrone (MTX) as an antineoplastic drug. In our study, pixantrone reduced the severity of acute and decreased the relapse rate of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. A marked and long-lasting decrease in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RA+ blood cells and reduced anti-MBP titers were observed with both pixantrone and MTX. In vitro mitogen- and antigen-induced T-cell proliferation tests of human and rodents cells evidenced that pixantrone was effective at concentrations which can be effectively obtained after i.v. administration in humans. Cardiotoxicity was present only in MTX-treated rats. The effectiveness and the favorable safety profile makes pixantrone a most promising immunosuppressant agent for clinical use in multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavaletti
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan Bicocca, and Department of Neurology, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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Cremonesi L, Galbiati S, Foglieni B, Smid M, Gambini D, Ferrari A, Viora E, Campogrande M, Pagliano M, Travi M, Piga A, Restagno G, Ferrari M. Feasibility Study for a Microchip-Based Approach for Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1022:105-12. [PMID: 15251947 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1318.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal DNA in maternal plasma may represent a source of genetic material for prenatal noninvasive diagnosis of genetic diseases. We evaluated a cohort of physiological pregnancies to determine if fetal DNA can be retrieved at any gestational week in sufficient quantity to be analyzed with advanced mutation detection technologies. We performed fetal DNA quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the SRY gene in 356 women sampled from 6 to 40 gestational weeks. Fetal DNA was retrieved at any week. All female fetuses were correctly identified. In 5 of 188 (2.6%) male-bearing pregnancies, no amplification was obtained. For noninvasive testing, complete clearance of fetal DNA after delivery is mandatory. Long-term persistence was not detected in women with previous sons or abortions. These findings confirm that maternal plasma may represent the optimal source of fetal genetic material. For noninvasive diagnosis of genetic diseases, we evaluated microchip technology. The detection limit for a minority allele determined by diluting a mutated DNA into a wild-type plasma sample was 5 genome equivalents, indicating that the test might be applied to the identification of paternally inherited fetal alleles in maternal plasma. The addition of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to either the PCR reaction or the chip hybridization mixture allowed approximately 50% inhibition of wild-type allele signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cremonesi
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Borgna M, Lombardi R, Lauria G, Grezzi P, Savino C, Bianchi R, Oggioni N, Canta A, Lanzani F, Galbiati S, Frigeni B, Giussani G, Tredici G, Cavaletti G. Intraepidermal innervation and tail nerve conduction velocity in neurotoxicity models: results of a correlation study in normal and pathological conditions. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1085-9489.2004.009209c.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Canta A, Lanzani F, Galbiati S, Frigeni B, Giussani G, Marmiroli P, Tredici G, Traebert M, Muller L, Cavaletti G. RAT in vivo models of taxanes' peripheral neurotoxicity following chronic intravenous administration. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1085-9489.2004.009209b.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cavaletti G, Perseghin P, Dassi M, Oggioni N, Sala F, Braga M, Lolli F, Riccio P, Carlone G, Zoia C, Tagliabue E, Stanzani L, Galbiati S, Rigamonti L, Marmiroli P, Ferrarese C, Frattola L, Tredici G. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy reduces the severity of Lewis rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis through a modulation of the function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2004; 18:9-17. [PMID: 15323355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Extra corporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is an immunomodulating procedure used in several nonneurological diseases which, similarly to multiple sclerosis, are likely to be due to T-cell-mediated autoimmunity and it is probable that ECP can modulate the normal activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Using the Lewis rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of human multiple sclerosis (MS) we examined the effect of extracorporeal UV-A irradiation on psoralen-activated PBMC. In our experiment the comparison between the two groups of animals (ECP or sham-treatment) evidenced that the ECP treatment reduced the severity of EAE on clinical grounds and this result was confirmed by the pathological examination. The changes in the titers of anti-myelin antigen antibodies typical of EAE were also modulated by the procedure. Ex vivo examination evidenced a significant reduction in tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) released by PBMC after lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation in culture. We conclude that ECP modifies the normal activity of PBMC during the course of EAE and it is possible that one of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of ECP is correlated to a down-regulation of T-helper 1 lymphocytes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavaletti
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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Cagliani R, Bresolin N, Prelle A, Gallanti A, Fortunato F, Sironi M, Ciscato P, Fagiolari G, Bonato S, Galbiati S, Corti S, Lamperti C, Moggio M, Comi GP. A CAV3 microdeletion differentially affects skeletal muscle and myocardium. Neurology 2003; 61:1513-9. [PMID: 14663034 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000097320.35982.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-3 is the muscle-specific protein product of the caveolin gene family and an integral membrane component of caveolae. Mutations in the gene encoding caveolin-3 (CAV3) underlie four distinct disorders of skeletal muscle: the autosomal dominant form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD-1C), rippling muscle disease (RMD), sporadic and familial forms of hyperCKemia, and distal myopathy. OBJECTIVE To characterize a multigenerational Italian family affected by an autosomal dominant myopathic disorder and to assess the expression of caveolin-3, dystrophin, dystrophin-associated glycoproteins, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the myocardium of an affected patient. METHODS Clinical analysis involved 15 family members. Skeletal muscle expression of sarcolemmal proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis in three affected individuals. Caveolar structures were analyzed through electron microscopy in muscle biopsies and in one heart biopsy. RESULTS CAV3 genetic analysis showed a heterozygous 3-bp microdeletion (328-330del) in affected individuals, resulting in the loss of a phenylalanine (Phe97del) in the transmembrane domain. In the skeletal muscle, the mutation was associated with severe caveolin-3 deficiency and caveolar disorganization, whereas the expression of the other analyzed muscle proteins was unaltered. Remarkably, caveolin-3 was expressed in myocardium at a level corresponding to about 60% of that of control individuals and was correctly localized at the myocardial cell membranes, with preservation of cardiac myofiber caveolar structures. Clinical analysis revealed the concomitant presence in this family of the following phenotypes: RMD, LGMD, and hyperCKemia. CONCLUSIONS Intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity is associated with caveolin-3 Phe97 microdeletion. The molecular network interacting with caveolin-3 in skeletal muscle and heart may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cagliani
- I.R.C.C.S.E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
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Del Bo R, Bordoni A, Sciacco M, Di Fonzo A, Galbiati S, Crimi M, Bresolin N, Comi GP. Remarkable infidelity of polymerase A associated with mutations in POLG1 exonuclease domain. Neurology 2003; 61:903-8. [PMID: 14557557 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000092303.13864.be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the still unknown pathologic mechanism involved in the accumulation of multiple mtDNA deletions in stable tissues. METHODS A large-scale screening of mtDNA molecules from skeletal muscle was performed in 14 patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) and 2 patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy carrying mutations on ANT1, C10ORF2 or POLG1, and TP genes. RESULTS Patients with at least one mutation in the exonuclease domain of POLG1 showed the highest frequency of individually rare point mutations only in the mtDNA control region; in addition, high levels, in terms of frequency and heteroplasmy, of recurrent mutations (A189G, T408A, and T414G) and alterations affecting the (HT)D310 region were detectable in many of the patients. Two homozygous POLG1 mutations, within the exonuclease domain, were able to induce an increased mutational burden also in fibroblasts from patients with PEO. CONCLUSIONS Specific POLG1 mutations directly affect the integrity of the mtDNA by reducing its proof-reading exonuclease activity, resulting in the accumulation of heteroplasmic levels of both randomly rare and recurrent point mutations in the skeletal muscle tissue and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Del Bo
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan.
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Crimi M, Galbiati S, Perini MP, Bordoni A, Malferrari G, Sciacco M, Biunno I, Strazzer S, Moggio M, Bresolin N, Comi GP. A mitochondrial tRNA(His) gene mutation causing pigmentary retinopathy and neurosensorial deafness. Neurology 2003; 60:1200-3. [PMID: 12682337 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000055865.30580.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a heteroplasmic G to A mutation at position 12,183 of the mitochondrial transfer RNA Histidine (tRNA(His)) gene in three related patients. These phenotypes varied according to mutation heteroplasmy: one had severe pigmentary retinopathy, neurosensorial deafness, testicular dysfunction, muscle hypotrophy, and ataxia; the other two had only retinal and inner ear involvement. The mutation is in a highly conserved region of the T(psi)C stem of the tRNA(His) gene and may alter secondary structure formation. This is the first described pathogenic, maternally inherited mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA(His) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crimi
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Centro di Eccellenza per le Malattie Neurodegenerative, Italy.
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Pisano C, Pratesi G, Laccabue D, Zunino F, Lo Giudice P, Bellucci A, Pacifici L, Camerini B, Vesci L, Castorina M, Cicuzza S, Tredici G, Marmiroli P, Nicolini G, Galbiati S, Calvani M, Carminati P, Cavaletti G. Abstracts of the 8th Meeting of the Italian Peripheral Nerve Study Group: 72. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2003.00072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Donzelli E, Carfì M, Miloso M, Strada A, Galbiati S, Cavaletti G, Tredici G. Abstracts of the 8th Meeting of the Italian Peripheral Nerve Study Group: 71. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2003.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Piatti M, Tagliabue E, Tredici G, Marmiroli P, Zoia C, Galbiati S, Rigolio R, Nicolini G, Villa P, Rotondi A, Ferraro R, Resta G, Buda A, Lissoni A, Cundari S, Zanna C, Cavaletti G. Abstracts of the 8th Meeting of the Italian Peripheral Nerve Study Group: 25. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2003.00025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Cavaletti G, Petruccioli MG, Marmiroli P, Rigolio R, Galbiati S, Zoia C, Ferrarese C, Tagliabue E, Dolci C, Bayssas M, Griffon Etienne G, Tredici G. Circulating nerve growth factor level changes during oxaliplatin treatment-induced neurotoxicity in the rat. Anticancer Res 2002; 22:4199-204. [PMID: 12553056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin neurotoxicity represents a clinically-relevant problem and its etio-pathogenesis is still unknown. We explored the possible role of some neuronal growth factors ("neurotrophins") during the course of oxaliplatin sensory neuronopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our rat model two different doses of oxaliplatin were used (2 and 3 mg/kg i.v. twice weekly for 9 times). The neurotoxicity of the treatment was assessed with neurophysiological and pathological methods and serum neurotrophin levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Both oxaliplatin-treated groups showed the neurophysiological and neuropathological changes which mimic the chronic effects of oxaliplatin administration in humans, e.g. reversible sensory impairment due to dorsal root ganglia neuron damage. These changes were associated with a significant and dose-dependent reduction only in the circulating level of nerve growth factor (NGF), which returned to normal values after neurophysiological and pathological recovery. CONCLUSION This specific association between neurological impairment and NGF modulation indicates that NGF impairment has a role in the neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavaletti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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Gatti MC, Roella V, Mensi C, Galbiati S, Lunardi L, Pregliasco F. [Evaluation of the quality of water of 2 water courses in the Varese Province (Lombardy Region): Ticino River and Strona Stream]. Ann Ig 2002; 14:81-94. [PMID: 11921849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Gatti
- Ist. di Virologia, Università degli Studi di Milano
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Nicolini G, Cavaletti G, Miloso M, Donzelli E, Galbiati S, Di Silvestro A, Braga M, Marmiroli P, Tredici G. Neurotrophin Effect On The SH‐SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma (HN) MODEL Of Cddp‐Induced Neurotoxicity. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2001.01007-38.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Nicolini
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
| | - G Cavaletti
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
| | - M Miloso
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
| | - E Donzelli
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
| | - S Galbiati
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
| | - A Di Silvestro
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
| | - M Braga
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
| | - P Marmiroli
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
| | - G. Tredici
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Milano, L.I.T.A., Segrate, MI
- Clinica Neurologica, A.O. S. Gerardo, Monza, MI
- D.N.T.B., Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza, MI
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Gioia M, Galbiati S, Rigamonti L, Moscheni C, Gagliano N. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylated neurons in the tele- and diencephalon of rat after visceral pain stimulation: an immunocytochemical study. Neurosci Lett 2001; 308:177-80. [PMID: 11479017 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed at verifying whether extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) 1 and 2 are activated, i.e. phosphorylated, in forebrain neurons after visceral pain stimulation (VPS). Ether and urethane anaesthetized rats received an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid or were left untreated (ECT, UCT). After 2 h the animals were perfused. Paraffin embedded brain sections immunoreacted with an antibody selective for the phosphorylated erks. The light microscope analysis revealed only a few labelled neurons in ECT, while in UCT, positive cells were detected. In VPS rats (VPSR) positive cells were mainly distributed in regions, such as the hypothalamic anterior and thalamic paraventricular midline nuclei, amygdala, hippocampal and parahippocampal, insular and perirhinal cortex, involved in nociception and/or visceral activities. Our data suggest an association of erks activation with the emotional component of nociception; moreover, they show that erks activation is not suppressed by anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gioia
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Comi GP, Fortunato F, Lucchiari S, Bordoni A, Prelle A, Jann S, Keller A, Ciscato P, Galbiati S, Chiveri L, Torrente Y, Scarlato G, Bresolin N. Beta-enolase deficiency, a new metabolic myopathy of distal glycolysis. Ann Neurol 2001; 50:202-7. [PMID: 11506403 DOI: 10.1002/ana.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A severe muscle enolase deficiency, with 5% of residual activity, was detected in a 47-year-old man affected with exercise intolerance and myalgias. No rise of serum lactate was observed with the ischemic forearm exercise. Ultrastructural analysis showed focal sarcoplasmic accumulation of glycogen beta particles. The enzyme enolase catalyzes the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate. In adult human muscle, over 90% of enolase activity is accounted for by the beta-enolase subunit, the protein product of the ENO3 gene. The beta-enolase protein was dramatically reduced in the muscle of our patient, by both immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, while alpha-enolase was normally represented. The ENO3 gene of our patient carries two heterozygous missense mutations affecting highly conserved amino acid residues; a G467A transition changing a glycine residue at position 156 to aspartate, in close proximity to the catalytic site, and a G1121A transition changing a glycine to glutamate at position 374. These mutations were probably inherited as autosomal recessive traits since the mother was heterozygous for the G467A and a sister was heterozygous for the G1121A transition. Our data suggest that ENO3 mutations result in decreased stability of mutant beta-enolase. Muscle beta-enolase deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of metabolic myopathies due to inherited defects of distal glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Comi
- Istituto di Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy.
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Dell'Acqua R, Stablum F, Galbiati S, Spannocchi G, Cerri C. Selective effect of closed-head injury on central resource allocation: evidence from dual-task performance. Exp Brain Res 2001; 136:364-78. [PMID: 11243478 DOI: 10.1007/s002210000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two dual-task experiments are reported bearing on the issue of slower processing time for severe chronic closed-head injury (CHI) patients compared to matched controls. In the first experiment, a classical psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm was employed, in which two sequential stimuli, a pure tone and a colored dot, were presented at variable stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), each associated with a distinct task. The task on the tone required a speeded vocal response based on pitch, and the task on the colored dot required a speeded manual response based on color. In the second experiment, either one or three masked letters was presented, followed by a pure tone at variable SOAs. The task on the letters required a delayed report of the letters at the end of each trial. The task on the tone required an immediate manual response based on pitch. In both experiments, both CHI patients and matched controls reported an SOA-locked slowing of the speeded response to the second stimulus, a PRP effect. The PRP effect was more substantial for CHI patients than for matched controls, suggesting that a component of the slower processing time for CHI patients was related to a selective increase in temporal demands for central processing of the stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dell'Acqua
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Umane, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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Tedeschi A, Lorini M, Galbiati S, Gibelli S, Miadonna A. Inhibition of basophil histamine release by tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors. Int J Immunopharmacol 2000; 22:797-808. [PMID: 10963852 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that tyrosine kinase (TK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) are involved in IgE-mediated stimulation of human basophils; conversely, little is known about the biochemical pathways activated by IL-3 and GM-CSF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TK and PI3-K inhibitors on basophil histamine release induced by anti-IgE, IL-3 and GM-CSF. Since IL-3 and GM-CSF cause histamine release from normal human basophils only when the inhibitory effect of extracellular Na(+) has been removed, peripheral blood leukocytes were suspended in isotonic solutions containing either 140 mM NaCl or 140 mM N-methyl-D-glucamine(+). After stimulation with anti-IgE, IL-3 or GM-CSF, histamine release was measured by an automated fluorometric method. The effects of preincubation with four different TK inhibitors (AG-126, genistein, lavendustin A, tyrphostin 51) and one PI3-K inhibitor (wortmannin) were evaluated. AG-126, genistein and lavendustin A exerted a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on basophil histamine release induced by anti-IgE (either in high or in low Na(+) medium), IL-3 and GM-CSF. Among the TK inhibitors, lavendustin A exerted the most potent activity, followed by AG-126 and genistein. Tyrphostin 51 caused a weak inhibition of histamine release induced by IL-3, GM-CSF and anti-IgE in a low Na(+) medium, but not in a physiological Na(+)-containing medium. The PI3-K inhibitor wortmannin exerted the most effective inhibitory activity on the histamine release induced by the three agonists. The combined effects of lavendustin A and wortmannin were less than additive, suggesting that TK and PI3-K are involved in the same activation pathway in human basophils. These results suggest a possible role of TK and PI3-K in basophil histamine release induced by anti-IgE, IL-3 and GM-CSF. TK and PI3-K are indeed potential therapeutic targets for antiallergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tedeschi
- Allergy and Immunopharmacology Unit, Third Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Padiglione Granelli, Via Sforza 35, I-20122, Milan, Italy.
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Fabbrocini G, Russo N, Pagliuca MC, Delfino M, Staibano S, Molea G, Mancini A, Virgili A, Valente MG, Bratina G, Galbiati S, Marzaduri A, Orlandi K, Bottoni U, Calvieri S, Di Landro A, Cainelli T, Delfino S, De Rosa G. p53, cyclin-D1, PCNA, AgNOR expression in squamous cell cancer of the lip: a multicenter study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2000; 16:172-7. [PMID: 11019942 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0781.2000.160405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is an interesting model of photocarcinogenesis because of the structural and topographic characteristics of the lips. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of immunohistochemical markers on the lips of patients with lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC), compared with a control population. METHODS Of the 98 subjects involved in the study, 58 were suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. The remaining 40 acted as a control. The case studies were taken from six university and hospital dermatology and plastic surgery departments. Questionnaires were administered to assess the risk factors for LLSCC. The cases involving squamous cell carcinoma underwent surgical excision and punch biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 control patients. Tissues were prepared in 5-microm-thick sections to carry out the following immunohistochemical study: PCNA, p53, AgNOR, cyclin-D1, bcl-2. RESULTS The lower lip was the predominant location of squamous cell carcinoma, with the following factors playing important roles: chronic sun exposure, history of smoking, alcohol use and familial risk of cutaneous tumors. The male/female ratio in our survey was 5:1. The p53 protein was positive in approximately 50% of SCC cases and in 20% of controls. This protein is mostly associated with chronically photoexposed skin areas. AgNOR positivity increased with the loss of cellular differentiation; a progressive increase in size and a poorly defined shape were evident in poorly differentiated carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS The results of this multicenter study showed that there is a noticeable difference in the expression of PCNA, p53, cyclin-D1, and AgNOR in tissues from patients with LLSCC and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fabbrocini
- Dept. Biol. and Patol. Cell. and Mol., Federico II University of Naples, Italy
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Nicolini G, Saccomanno D, Scuteri A, Rigamonti L, Galbiati S, Miloso M, Cavaletti G, Tredici G. TAXOL NEUROTOXICITY: CELLULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN APOPTOSIS. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2000.00513-42.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Nicolini
- Istituto di Anatomia , Università di Milano, LITA, Segrate
| | - D. Saccomanno
- Istituto di Anatomia , Università di Milano, LITA, Segrate
| | - A. Scuteri
- Istituto di Anatomia , Università di Milano, LITA, Segrate
| | - L. Rigamonti
- Istituto di Anatomia , Università di Milano, LITA, Segrate
- Sezione di Morfologia , Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza
| | - S. Galbiati
- Istituto di Anatomia , Università di Milano, LITA, Segrate
| | - M. Miloso
- Istituto di Anatomia , Università di Milano, LITA, Segrate
| | - G. Cavaletti
- Clinica Neurologica , Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza
| | - G. Tredici
- Istituto di Anatomia , Università di Milano, LITA, Segrate
- Sezione di Morfologia , Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Milano “Bicocca”, Monza
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Confalonieri P, Bernasconi P, Megna P, Galbiati S, Cornelio F, Mantegazza R. Increased expression of beta-chemokines in muscle of patients with inflammatory myopathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2000; 59:164-9. [PMID: 10749105 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/59.2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are muscle diseases of autoimmune pathogenesis characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration within muscle tissue. Since immune cell homing and accumulation at the site of antigenic challenge is usually mediated by chemokines, we evaluated the expression of 2 beta-chemokines--monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha)--by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction in muscles of polymyositis, inclusion body myositis, and dermatomyositis patients, and related their expression to immunopathological alterations in muscle. MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha transcripts were detected by PCR in all IIM muscles, but not in controls. By immunohistochemistry, the chemokines were found in all IIM muscle sections located in infiltrating inflammatory cells and also in neighboring extracellular matrix. The extent to which extracellular matrix was filled by each chemokine differed in each disease. In view of the known ability of chemokines to bind extracellular matrix and their possible synthesis by extracellular matrix components, we suggest that chemokine storage in the extracellular matrix can act as a microenvironmental factor amplifying lymphocyte activation and migration, thereby maintaining the autoimmune attack against unknown muscle antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Confalonieri
- Divisione Malattie Neuromuscolari, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Tredici G, Miloso M, Nicolini G, Galbiati S, Cavaletti G, Bertelli A. Resveratrol, map kinases and neuronal cells: might wine be a neuroprotectant? Drugs Exp Clin Res 1999; 25:99-103. [PMID: 10370870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is noxious to the brain and peripheral nervous system. However, wine contains substances that may have positive biological and pharmacological effects. Resveratrol is the most studied and probably the most active of these substances. This naturally occurring compound, which is present in wine and grapes, reduces oxidative stress in neuronal-like cell cultures. We have shown that resveratrol induces phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members, extracellular regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in vitro at much lower concentrations than those found in the plasma of rats after oral wine administration. MAP kinases are involved in numerous different aspects of signal transduction in the cells. In particular, phosphorylation of ERK2 has been related to the synaptic changes at the basis of memory and learning processes. These findings, together with our own, on resveratrol-induced activation of MAP kinases in human neuronal-like cells, and previously published epidemiological studies which have demonstrated an inverse relationship between moderate wine intake and dementia, suggest that wine (not alcohol) may have a positive effect on nervous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tredici
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Lita Segrate, University of Milan, Italy.
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Morandi L, Di Blasi C, Farina L, Sorokin L, Uziel G, Azan G, Pini A, Toscano A, Lanfossi M, Galbiati S, Cornelio F, Mora M. Clinical correlations in 16 patients with total or partial laminin alpha2 deficiency characterized using antibodies against 2 fragments of the protein. Arch Neurol 1999; 56:209-15. [PMID: 10025426 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.56.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with classic congenital muscular dystrophy have been found to have partial or total deficiency of the alpha2 chain of laminin 2 (merosin). This deficiency has mostly been studied using only 1 antibody against a fragment of the protein. OBJECTIVES To characterize the expression of laminin alpha2 in the skeletal muscle of patients with laminin alpha2 deficiency using antibodies against 2 different portions of the protein and to correlate the immunochemical findings with clinical phenotype. METHODS We studied 4 patients with total lack of laminin alpha2 and 12 with partial laminin alpha2 deficiency with immunohistochemical techniques and Western blot analysis. We used antibodies recognizing an 80-kd fragment toward the C-terminus and a 300-kd fragment toward the amino-terminal. Patient characteristics examined were functional compromise, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the brain, electromyography, evoked potentials, and creatine kinase levels. RESULTS In 4 patients, immunohistochemical analysis revealed no reactivity to either antibody; in 2 patients, the 300-kd fragment alone was partially expressed; in 2 patients, the 80-kd fragment alone was partially expressed; and in 8 patients, both fragments were partially expressed. Immunoblot analysis revealed bands of reduced intensity and normal molecular weight generally corresponding to the immunohistochemical findings. Absence of both fragments or of one with reduction of the other always produced a severe clinical phenotype, while a milder clinical phenotype was observed when both fragments were partially expressed. CONCLUSIONS Extent of laminin alpha2 deficiency in most cases correlates with clinical phenotype but not with peripheral and central white matter abnormalities. Skin biopsy specimens may reveal laminin alpha2 deficiency in patients who have normal laminin alpha2 levels in muscle biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morandi
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milano, Italy
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Lanfossi M, Cozzi F, Bugini D, Colombo S, Scarpa P, Morandi L, Galbiati S, Cornelio F, Pozza O, Mora M. Development of muscle pathology in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. I. Delayed postnatal maturation of affected and normal muscle as revealed by myosin isoform analysis and utrophin expression. Acta Neuropathol 1999; 97:127-38. [PMID: 9928823 DOI: 10.1007/s004010050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy (CXMD) is genetically homologous to Duchenne muscular dystrophy and shares the severe myopathy and lethal clinical development of the human disease. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize the time course of postnatal expression of adult fast, adult slow and developmental myosin in the muscle of CXMD dogs, carriers and healthy controls. We also characterized the expression of utrophin and dystrophin. This detailed immunolocalization study confirmed that postnatal muscle maturation is delayed in normal dogs compared to other animals and humans, and is only achieved at around 60 days. In CXMD dogs major derangement of myosin expression became evident from about 15 days; there was a selective loss of fibers expressing fast myosin and persistence of developmental fibers compared to controls. In carriers, the proportion of dystrophin-deficient fibers, which mainly expressed fast myosin, decreased with age. In controls and carriers utrophin was absent from muscle fiber surfaces in 2-day-old animals but present between 15 and 30 days, to mostly disappear by 60 days. In dystrophic animals, sarcolemmal expression of utrophin was more marked and persistent. That immature neonatal muscle from control dogs normally contains sarcolemmal utrophin may have implications for the success of utrophin up-regulation therapy to correct the dystrophic phenotype. The data of this study provide important baseline information for further studies on the development and progression of pathological changes in the muscle of CXMD dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lanfossi
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
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Bernasconi P, Di Blasi C, Mora M, Morandi L, Galbiati S, Confalonieri P, Cornelio F, Mantegazza R. Transforming growth factor-beta1 and fibrosis in congenital muscular dystrophies. Neuromuscul Disord 1999; 9:28-33. [PMID: 10063832 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(98)00093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression in the muscle of four laminin alpha2-negative, four laminin alpha2-positive and seven partial laminin alpha2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) patients, and compared it to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and controls. TGF-beta1 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle from laminin alpha2-negative and laminin alpha2-positive CMD patients were significantly greater than in controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.005, respectively), while in partial laminin alpha2-deficient muscular dystrophy patients the amount was not significantly higher than in controls (P > 0.1). The TGF-beta1 values were lower than those found in DMD, although the extent of fibrosis was greater in CMD than in DMD and controls. Our findings suggest that TGF-beta1 is involved in CMD muscle fibrosis, but differently from what we observed in DMD muscles as it seems not to be the major player in connective tissue proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bernasconi
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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