1
|
Voigt JH, Lauritsen KM, Pedersen SB, Hansen TK, Møller N, Jessen N, Laurenti MC, Dalla Man C, Vella A, Gormsen LC, Søndergaard E. Four weeks SGLT2 inhibition improves beta cell function and glucose tolerance without affecting muscle free fatty acid or glucose uptake in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:643-656. [PMID: 38409617 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition lowers glucose levels independently of insulin, leading to reduced insulin secretion and increased lipolysis, resulting in elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). While SGLT2 inhibition improves tissue insulin sensitivity, the increase in circulating FFAs could reduce insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and the liver. We aimed to investigate the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on substrate utilization in skeletal muscle and the liver and to measure beta-cell function and glucose tolerance. METHODS Thirteen metformin-treated individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomized to once-daily empagliflozin 25 mg or placebo for 4 weeks in a crossover design. Skeletal muscle glucose and FFA uptake together with hepatic tissue FFA uptake were measured using [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and [11C]palmitate PET/CT. Insulin secretion and action were estimated using the oral minimal model. RESULTS Empagliflozin did not affect glucose (0.73 ± 0.30 vs. 1.16 ± 0.64, μmol/g/min p = 0.11) or FFA (0.60 ± 0.30 vs. 0.56 ± 0.3, μmol/g/min p = 0.54) uptake in skeletal muscle. FFA uptake in the liver (21.2 ± 10.1 vs. 19 ± 8.8, μmol/100 ml/min p = 0.32) was unaffected. Empagliflozin increased total beta-cell responsivity (20 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 9, 10-9 min-1, p < 0.01) and glucose effectiveness (2.6 × 10-2 ± 0.3 × 10-2 vs. 2.4 × 10-2 ± 0.3 × 10-2, dL/kg/min, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Despite improved beta-cell function and glucose tolerance, empagliflozin does not appear to affect skeletal muscle FFA or glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine M Lauritsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcello C Laurenti
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Adrian Vella
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mäkinen VN, Horskær Madsen S, Ji Riis-Vestergaard M, Bjerre M, Bønløkke Pedersen S, Asa SL, Rolighed L, Lunde Jørgensen JO, Ornstrup MJ. Ectopic Cushing's syndrome from a corticotropin-releasing hormone-secreting medullary thyroid carcinoma: a rare pitfall of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2023; 2023:23-0057. [PMID: 37767685 PMCID: PMC10563613 DOI: 10.1530/edm-23-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary This case report describes a rare presentation of ectopic Cushing's syndrome (CS) due to ectopic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) production from a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The patient, a 69-year-old man, presented with symptoms of muscle weakness, facial plethora, and easy bruising. An inferior petrosal sinus sampling test (IPSS) demonstrated pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion, but a whole-body somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT) revealed enhanced uptake in the right thyroid lobe which, in addition to a grossly elevated serum calcitonin level, was indicative of an MTC. A 18F-DOPA PET/CT scan supported the diagnosis, and histology confirmed the presence of MTC with perinodal growth and regional lymph node metastasis. On immunohistochemical analysis, the tumor cell stained positively for calcitonin and CRH but negatively for ACTH. Distinctly elevated plasma CRH levels were documented. The patient therefore underwent thyroidectomy and bilateral adrenalectomy. This case shows that CS caused by ectopic CRH secretion may masquerade as CS due to a false positive IPSS test. It also highlights the importance of considering rare causes of CS when diagnostic test results are ambiguous. Learning points Medullary thyroid carcinoma may secrete CRH and cause ectopic CS. Ectopic CRH secretion entails a rare pitfall of inferior petrosal sinus sampling yielding a false positive test. Plasma CRH measurements can be useful in selected cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivi-Nelli Mäkinen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Ji Riis-Vestergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning,Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto,Canada
| | - Lars Rolighed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Høgild ML, Hjelholt AJ, Hansen J, Pedersen SB, Møller N, Wojtaszewski JFP, Johannsen M, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Ketone Body Infusion Abrogates Growth Hormone-Induced Lipolysis and Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:653-664. [PMID: 36240323 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exogenous ketone body administration lowers circulating glucose levels but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that administration of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) acutely increases insulin sensitivity via feedback suppression of circulating free fatty acid (FFA) levels. METHODS In a randomized, single-blinded crossover design, 8 healthy men were studied twice with a growth hormone (GH) infusion to induce lipolysis in combination with infusion of either βOHB or saline. Each study day comprised a basal period and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp combined with a glucose tracer and adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsies. RESULTS βOHB administration profoundly suppressed FFA levels concomitantly with a significant increase in glucose disposal and energy expenditure. This was accompanied by a many-fold increase in skeletal muscle content of both βOHB and its derivative acetoacetate. CONCLUSION Our data unravel an insulin-sensitizing effect of βOHB, which we suggest is mediated by concomitant suppression of lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Lyng Høgild
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Region Midtjylland 8200, Denmark
| | - Astrid Johannesson Hjelholt
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Region Midtjylland 8200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Region Midtjylland 8200, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Region Midtjylland 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Region Midtjylland 8200, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Region Midtjylland 8200, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Region Midtjylland 8200, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Region Midtjylland 8200, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lauritsen KM, Voigt JH, Pedersen SB, Hansen TK, Møller N, Jessen N, Gormsen LC, Søndergaard E. Effects of SGLT2 inhibition on lipid transport in adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e210558. [PMID: 35234661 PMCID: PMC9066578 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibition induces an insulin-independent reduction in plasma glucose causing increased lipolysis and subsequent lipid oxidation by energy-consuming tissues. However, it is unknown whether SGLT2 inhibition also affects lipid storage in adipose tissue. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on lipid storage and lipolysis in adipose tissue. We performed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover design of 4 weeks of empagliflozin 25 mg and placebo once-daily in 13 individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. Adipose tissue fatty acid uptake, lipolysis rate and clearance were measured by 11C-palmitate PET/CT. Adipose tissue glucose uptake was measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Protein and gene expression of pathways involved in lipid storage and lipolysis were measured in biopsies of abdominal s.c. adipose tissue. Subjects were weight stable, which allowed us to quantify the weight loss-independent effects of SGLT2 inhibition. We found that SGLT2 inhibition did not affect free fatty acids (FFA) uptake in abdominal s.c. adipose tissue but increased FFA uptake in visceral adipose tissue by 27% (P < 0.05). In addition, SGLT2 inhibition reduced GLUT4 protein (P = 0.03) and mRNA content (P = 0.01) in abdominal s.c. adipose tissue but without affecting glucose uptake. In addition, SGLT2 inhibition decreased the expression of genes involved in insulin signaling in adipose tissue. We conclude that SGLT2 inhibition reduces GLUT4 gene and protein expression in abdominal s.c. adipose tissue, which could indicate a rebalancing of substrate utilization away from glucose oxidation and lipid storage capacity through reduced glycerol formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine M Lauritsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence should be addressed to E Søndergaard:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Starup-Linde J, Ornstrup MJ, Kjær TN, Lykkeboe S, Handberg A, Gregersen S, Harsløf T, Pedersen SB, Vestergaard P, Langdahl BL. Bone Density and Structure in Overweight Men With and Without Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:837084. [PMID: 35360074 PMCID: PMC8960162 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.837084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of fractures; however, the impact of obesity on bone deficits in diabetes is unknown. We aimed to compare markers of bone structure, bone density, and bone turnover in non-diabetic overweight men with MetS and overweight men with T1D or T2D. METHODS AND RESEARCH DESIGN In this cross-sectional study we included participants from two previously described study cohorts consisting of participants with diabetes and participants with MetS. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measuring areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the hip and lumbar spine, High Resolution peripheral Quantitative (HRpQCT) scan of the tibia and radius and measurement of circulating bone turnover markers. We compared groups with unpaired t test and performed multiple linear regression with adjustment for age, body mass index, and smoking. RESULTS We included 33 participants with T1D, 25 participants with T2D, and 34 participants with MetS. Bone turnover markers levels were comparable between T1D and MetS. aBMD at the hip was lower in T1D compared to MetS, also after adjustment. P1NP and Osteocalcin levels were lower among individuals with T2D compared to MetS, whereas aBMD were similar between the groups after multiple adjustments. We observed no difference in volumetric BMD at the tibia or radius between MetS and T1D and T2D, respectively. Participants with T2D had a higher trabecular number and lower trabecular separation compared to individuals with MetS at the tibia, which remained signficant after multiple adjustments. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we observed no clinically important differences in bone density or structure between men with T2D, T1D, or MetS. However, men with T2D displayed lower bone turnover compared to MetS highlighting that T2D per se and not obesity, is associated with low bone turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Jakob Starup-Linde,
| | - Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nordstrøm Kjær
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkeboe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Winckelmann LA, Gribsholt SB, Madsen LR, Richelsen B, Svensson E, Jørgensen NB, Kristiansen VB, Pedersen SB. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy: nationwide data from the Danish quality registry for treatment of severe obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 18:511-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Baier JM, Hansen SB, Straszek SPV, Pedersen SB, Nielsen LP. [Management of antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects]. Ugeskr Laeger 2021; 183:V04210333. [PMID: 34596526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotics are associated with significant weight gain and other metabolic side effects. There are, however, substantial differences in their propensity for causing metabolic side effects as summarised in this review. These differences are important to consider when deciding which antipsychotic to use. Given the risk of metabolic side effects, patients should be closely monitored regarding anthropometric measures and metabolic parameters. Moreover, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions should be considered for treatment of antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
Collapse
|
8
|
Svart M, Rittig N, Pedersen SB, Jessen N, Møller N. Oral 3-hydroxybutyrate ingestion decreases endogenous glucose production, lipolysis, and hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation in adipose tissue in men: a human randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14385. [PMID: 32794582 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test whether oral administration of D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate as a sodium salt inhibits lipolysis and intracellular lipid signalling, in particular, hormone-sensitive lipase, and whether D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate alters endogenous glucose production. METHODS We studied six young men in a randomized, controlled, crossover study after ingestion of Na-D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate (hyperketotic condition) or saline (placebo control). We quantified lipolysis and endogenous glucose production using [9,10-3 H]-palmitate and [3-3H]glucose tracers, and adipose tissue biopsies were collected to investigate key lipolytic enzymes. RESULTS After ingestion, D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate increased by more than 2.5 mmol/l, free fatty acid concentrations decreased by >70%, and palmitate rate of appearance was halved. Protein kinase A phosphorylation of perilipin was reduced and hormone-sensitive lipase 660 phosphorylation in adipose tissue biopsies was 70-80% decreased in the hyperketotic condition and unchanged in the control. Compared to the control, endogenous glucose production was reduced by close to 20% (P<0.05) after 3-hydroxybutyrate ingestion. CONCLUSION We conclude that oral D/L-Na-3-hydroxybutyrate increases D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations within half an hour, decreases free fatty acid concentrations, lowers lipolysis and endogenous glucose production, and dephosphorylates hormone-sensitive lipase. Collectively these phenomena may be viewed as an orchestrated feedback loop, controlling endogenous glucose production, lipolysis and ketogenesis. Such effects would be beneficial in insulin-resistant states. (www.clinicaltrials.gov ID number: NCT02917252).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Svart
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Rittig
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S B Pedersen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Jessen
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Møller
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rønn SH, Harsløf T, Oei L, Pedersen SB, Langdahl BL. The effect of vitamin MK-7 on bone mineral density and microarchitecture in postmenopausal women with osteopenia, a 3-year randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:185-191. [PMID: 33030563 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trial of MK-7 or placebo daily for 3 years in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. BMD decreased at all sites without differences between the MK-7 and placebo-treated women. Changes in bone turnover markers and microstructure were similar between the two groups. INTRODUCTION Vitamin K is a cofactor in the carboxylation of osteocalcin (OC) and carboxylated OC promotes mineralization of bone. Clinical studies suggest that vitamin K2 prevents bone loss. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of vitamin K2 as an add-on to calcium and vitamin D supplementation on osteocalcin, bone mass, and microarchitecture in postmenopausal women. METHODS We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trial, including 142 postmenopausal women with osteopenia who received vitamin K2 (375 μg MK-7) or placebo daily for 3 years. Both groups received vitamin D3 (38 μg/day) and calcium (800 mg/day). We measured bone turnover markers in serum and bone mineral density and microarchitecture by DXA and HRpQCT. RESULTS Undercarboxylated osteocalcin decreased in the MK-7-group (- 65.2 ± 23.5%) (mean ± SD) compared with the placebo group (- 0.03 ± 38.5%), p < 0.01 after 1 year. After 3 years, aBMD decreased at all sites without differences between the MK-7 and placebo-treated women (p > 0.09). aBMD decreased at the total hip by 1.5 ± 2.5% and 2.4 ± 2.7% in the MK-7 and the placebo groups, respectively, at the femoral neck by 1.5 ± 3.5% and 1.0 ± 5.0% in the MK-7 and the placebo groups, respectively, and at the lumbar spine by 1.8 ± 3.9% and 1.1 ± 3.1% in the MK-7 and the placebo groups, respectively. Changes in bone turnover markers were also similar between the two groups.We have previously reported improved microarchitecture with MK-7 after 1 year. However, changes in microstructure over 3 years were similar between the two groups, as assessed by both HRpQCT and DXA trabecular bone score. CONCLUSION Treatment with MK-7 375 μg daily as an add-on to calcium and vitamin D increased carboxylation of osteocalcin. However, treatment of postmenopausal women with osteopenia for 3 years did not affect biochemical markers of bone turnover, bone mineral density, or bone microarchitecture. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at Clinicaltrial.gov : NCT01922804 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Rønn
- Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - T Harsløf
- Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - L Oei
- Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S B Pedersen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - B L Langdahl
- Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensen Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Høgild ML, Gudiksen A, Pilegaard H, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Pedersen SB, Møller N, Jørgensen JOL, Jessen N. Redundancy in regulation of lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle during prolonged fasting in obese men. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14285. [PMID: 31724339 PMCID: PMC6854099 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting in human subjects shifts skeletal muscle metabolism toward lipid utilization and accumulation, including intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) deposition. Growth hormone (GH) secretion amplifies during fasting and promotes lipolysis and lipid oxidation, but it is unknown to which degree lipid deposition and metabolism in skeletal muscle during fasting depends on GH action. To test this, we studied nine obese but otherwise healthy men thrice: (a) in the postabsorptive state (“CTRL”), (b) during 72‐hr fasting (“FAST”), and (c) during 72‐hr fasting and treatment with a GH antagonist (GHA) (“FAST + GHA”). IMCL was assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and blood samples were drawn for plasma metabolomics assessment while muscle biopsies were obtained for measurements of regulators of substrate metabolism. Prolonged fasting was associated with elevated GH levels and a pronounced GHA‐independent increase in circulating medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone bodies indicating increased supply of lipid intermediates to skeletal muscle. Additionally, fasting was associated with a release of short‐, medium‐, and long‐chain acylcarnitines to the circulation from an increased β‐oxidation. This was consistent with a ≈55%–60% decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHa) activity. Opposite, IMCL content increased ≈75% with prolonged fasting without an effect of GHA. We suggest that prolonged fasting increases lipid uptake in skeletal muscle and saturates lipid oxidation, both favoring IMCL deposition. This occurs without a detectable effect of GHA on skeletal muscle lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten L Høgild
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The MR Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hjelholt A, Høgild M, Bak AM, Arlien-Søborg MC, Bæk A, Jessen N, Richelsen B, Pedersen SB, Møller N, Lunde Jørgensen JO. Growth Hormone and Obesity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2020; 49:239-250. [PMID: 32418587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) exerts IGF-I dependent protein anabolic and direct lipolytic effects. Obesity reversibly suppresses GH secretion driven by elevated FFA levels, whereas serum IGF-I levels remain normal or elevated due to elevated portal insulin levels. Fasting in lean individuals suppresses hepatic IGF-I production and increases pituitary GH release, but this pattern is less pronounced in obesity. Fasting in obesity is associated with increased sensitivity to the insulin-antagonistic effects of GH. GH treatment in obesity induces a moderate reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean body mass but the therapeutic potential is uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hjelholt
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Morten Høgild
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Ann Mosegaard Bak
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Mai Christiansen Arlien-Søborg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Amanda Bæk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sundelin EIO, Al-Suliman N, Vahl P, Vendelbo M, Munk OL, Jakobsen S, Pedersen SB, Frøkiær J, Gormsen LC, Jessen N. Metformin is distributed to tumor tissue in breast cancer patients in vivo: A 11C-metformin PET/CT study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 181:107-113. [PMID: 32240455 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological studies and randomized clinical trials suggest that the antidiabetic drug, metformin, may have anti-neoplastic effects. The mechanism that mediates these beneficial effects has been suggested to involve direct action on cancer cells, but this will require distribution of metformin in tumor tissue. The present study was designed to investigate metformin distribution in vivo in breast and liver tissue in breast cancer patients. METHODS Seven patients recently diagnosed with ductal carcinoma were recruited. Using PET/CT, tissue distribution of metformin was determined in vivo for 90 min after injection of a carbon-11-labeled metformin tracer. After surgery, tumor tissue was investigated for gene expression levels of metformin transporter proteins. RESULTS Tumor tissue displayed a distinct uptake of metformin compared to normal breast tissue AUC0-90 min (75.4 ± 5.5 vs 42.3 ± 6.3) g/ml*min (p = 0.01). Maximal concentration in tumor was at 1 min where it reached approximately 30% of the activity in the liver. The metformin transporter protein with the highest gene expression in tumor tissue was multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE 1) followed by plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT). CONCLUSION This study confirms that metformin is transported into tumor tissue in women with breast cancer. This finding support that metformin may have direct anti-neoplastic effects on tumor cells in breast cancer patients. However, distribution of metformin in tumor tissue is markedly lower than in liver, an established metformin target tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Immanuel Ordell Sundelin
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nidal Al-Suliman
- Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Vahl
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3 2.sal, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Riis-Vestergaard MJ, Richelsen B, Bruun JM, Li W, Hansen JB, Pedersen SB. Beta-1 and Not Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptors May Be the Primary Regulator of Human Brown Adipocyte Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5684994. [PMID: 31867674 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in humans has gained interest as a potential target for treatment of obesity and insulin resistance. In rodents, BAT is primarily induced through beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) stimulation, whereas the primary beta adrenergic receptors (ADRBs) involved in human BAT activation are debated. We evaluated the importance of different ADRB subtypes for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) induction in human brown adipocytes. METHODS A human BAT cell model (TERT-hBA) was investigated for subtype-specific ADRB agonists and receptor knockdown on UCP1 mRNA levels and lipolysis (glycerol release). In addition, fresh human BAT biopsies and TERT-hBA were evaluated for expression of ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3 using RT-qPCR. RESULTS The predominant ADRB subtype in TERT-hBA adipocytes and BAT biopsies was ADRB1. In TERT-hBA, UCP1 mRNA expression was stimulated 11.0-fold by dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), 8.0-fold to 8.4-fold by isoproterenol (ISO; a pan-ADRB agonist), and 6.1-fold to 12.7-fold by dobutamine (ADRB1 agonist), whereas neither procaterol (ADRB2 agonist), CL314.432, or Mirabegron (ADRB3 agonists) affected UCP1. Similarly, dbcAMP, ISO, and dobutamine stimulated glycerol release, whereas lipolysis was unaffected by ADRB2 and ADRB3 agonists. Selective knockdown of ADRB1 significantly attenuated ISO-induced UCP1 expression. CONCLUSION The adrenergic stimulation of UCP1 and lipolysis may mainly be mediated through ADRB1. Moreover, ADRB1 is the predominant ADRB in both TERT-hBA and human BAT biopsies. Thus, UCP1 expression in human BAT may, unlike in rodents, primarily be regulated by ADRB1. These findings may have implications for ADRB agonists as future therapeutic compounds for human BAT activation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/cytology
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Lipolysis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ji Riis-Vestergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Meldgaard Bruun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hjelholt AJ, Søndergaard E, Pedersen SB, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Growth hormone upregulates ANGPTL4 mRNA and suppresses lipoprotein lipase via fatty acids: Randomized experiments in human individuals. Metabolism 2020; 105:154188. [PMID: 32084431 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of circulating triglycerides into free fatty acids (FFA) and thereby promotes FFA uptake in peripheral tissues. LPL is negatively regulated by angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) presumably by an FFA-dependent mechanism. Growth hormone (GH) suppresses LPL activity, but it is unknown whether this is mediated by FFA and ANGPTL4. Therefore, we investigated the concerted effect of GH on ANGPTL4 and LPL in the presence and absence of lipolysis in two in vivo studies in human subjects. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, nine obese men were examined after injection of 1) a GH bolus, and 2) a GH-receptor antagonist followed by four adipose tissue biopsies obtained over a 5-h period. In a second study, nine hypopituitary men were examined in a 2 × 2 factorial design including GH and acipimox (an anti-lipolytic agent), with biopsies from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle obtained during a basal period and a subsequent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The mRNA expression of ANGPTL4 and LPL as well as LPL activity were analyzed in the biopsies. RESULTS In both studies, GH increased serum FFA levels, upregulated ANGPTL4 mRNA expression and suppressed LPL activity. In study 2, acipimox completely suppressed FFA levels and antagonized the effects of GH on ANGPTL4 and LPL. CONCLUSIONS These human in vivo studies demonstrate that GH upregulates ANGPTL4 mRNA and suppresses LPL activity via an FFA-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Johannesson Hjelholt
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and internal medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and internal medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 2., 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and internal medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 2., 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and internal medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 2., 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Wilh, Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto L Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and internal medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shamsi F, Xue R, Huang TL, Lundh M, Liu Y, Leiria LO, Lynes MD, Kempf E, Wang CH, Sugimoto S, Nigro P, Landgraf K, Schulz T, Li Y, Emanuelli B, Kothakota S, Williams LT, Jessen N, Pedersen SB, Böttcher Y, Blüher M, Körner A, Goodyear LJ, Mohammadi M, Kahn CR, Tseng YH. FGF6 and FGF9 regulate UCP1 expression independent of brown adipogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1421. [PMID: 32184391 PMCID: PMC7078224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) plays a central role in energy dissipation in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Using high-throughput library screening of secreted peptides, we identify two fibroblast growth factors (FGF), FGF6 and FGF9, as potent inducers of UCP1 expression in adipocytes and preadipocytes. Surprisingly, this occurs through a mechanism independent of adipogenesis and involves FGF receptor-3 (FGFR3), prostaglandin-E2 and interaction between estrogen receptor-related alpha, flightless-1 (FLII) and leucine-rich-repeat-(in FLII)-interacting-protein-1 as a regulatory complex for UCP1 transcription. Physiologically, FGF6/9 expression in adipose is upregulated by exercise and cold in mice, and FGF9/FGFR3 expression in human neck fat is significantly associated with UCP1 expression. Loss of FGF9 impairs BAT thermogenesis. In vivo administration of FGF9 increases UCP1 expression and thermogenic capacity. Thus, FGF6 and FGF9 are adipokines that can regulate UCP1 through a transcriptional network that is dissociated from brown adipogenesis, and act to modulate systemic energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ruidan Xue
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Morten Lundh
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Luiz O Leiria
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elena Kempf
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Satoru Sugimoto
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Schulz
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus Universitetssykehus, Lørenskog, Norway
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Nephrology), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Riis-Vestergaard MJ, Laustsen C, Mariager CØ, Schulte RF, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B. Glucose metabolism in brown adipose tissue determined by deuterium metabolic imaging in rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1417-1427. [PMID: 31965069 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has gained growing interest as a potential target for treatment of obesity. Currently, the most widely used technique/method for in vivo measurements of BAT activity in humans is 18FDG PET/CT. To supplement these investigations novel radiation-free methods are warranted. Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a novel modality that combines magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) imaging with deuterium-labelled glucose (2H-glucose). This allows for spatio-temporal and metabolic imaging beyond glucose uptake. We aimed to evaluate if DMI could discriminate glucose metabolism in BAT of cold-acclimatised and thermoneutral rats. SUBJECTS/METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in a cold environment (9 °C, n = 10) or at thermoneutrality (30 °C, n = 11) for 1 week. For imaging rats were anaesthetized, received a 2H-glucose (1 M, 1.95 g/kg) bolus and DMI was acquired at baseline followed by 20 min time intervals up to 2 h. Furthermore, Dixon MRI was performed for anatomical determination of the interscapular BAT (iBAT) depot along with dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI to evaluate perfusion. RESULTS 2H-glucose signal was higher in cold-acclimatised rats compared with thermoneutral rats (p ≤ 0.001) indicating an overall increase in glucose uptake and metabolism. This was in line with a lower fat/water threshold, higher perfusion and increased UCP1 mRNA expression in iBAT (ninefold increment) of cold-acclimatised rats compared with thermoneutral rats. CONCLUSIONS We find that DMI can discriminate cold-acclimatised and thermoneutral BAT in rats. This is the first study to evaluate BAT activity by DMI, which may open up for the use of the non-radioactive DMI method for BAT measurements in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ji Riis-Vestergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Højsager FD, Rand MS, Pedersen SB, Nissen N, Jørgensen NR. Fracture-induced changes in biomarkers CTX, PINP, OC, and BAP-a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:2381-2389. [PMID: 31446441 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To assess the time from fracture until bone turnover markers (BTM), which are biochemical markers reflecting in vivo bone formation and resorptive activity, have returned to a stable level since BTM have been shown to be at least as good as bone mineral density in monitoring the effect of anti-resorptive treatment in osteoporosis. This study searched for articles in PUBMED, CINAHL, Medline, EM-BASE, and Cochrane, and identified 3486 unique articles. These articles were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven articles addressing time to normalization of either CTX, PINP, osteocalcin, or bone-specific alkaline phosphatase after a recent fracture were identified and these were analyzed qualitatively. CTX appeared to return to baseline within 6 months. PINP appeared to return to baseline within 6 months and interestingly dip below baseline after a year. Osteocalcin was elevated throughout the first year after a fracture, with most changes in the first 6 months. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was increased for up to a year, however with a discrepancy between used assays. Seven studies were identified, showing CTX and PINP to return to baseline within 6 months. OC was elevated for 12 months. BAP was increased for up to a year. However, none of these studies had fasting patients and a long follow-up period with regular measurements. The studies could indicate that the BTM CTX and PINP have returned to baseline within 6 months; however, further studies are needed assessing pre-analytical factors while having a long follow-up. Bone turnover markers appear as good as or better than bone mineral density in monitoring the effect of anti-resorptive medication in osteoporosis. This study tries to identify the time from fracture until BTM are back at baseline. Most studies did not however take pre-analytical variation into consideration. Further research is therefore needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F D Højsager
- Odense Patient Exploratory Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M S Rand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - S B Pedersen
- Odense Patient Exploratory Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Nissen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - N R Jørgensen
- Odense Patient Exploratory Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramshanker N, Jessen N, Voss TS, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL, Nielsen TS, Frystyk J, Møller N. Effects of short-term prednisolone treatment on indices of lipolysis and lipase signaling in abdominal adipose tissue in healthy humans. Metabolism 2019; 99:1-10. [PMID: 31260678 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid (GC) excess increases lipolysis, circulating free fatty acid concentrations and lipid oxidation rates in humans. In vitro and animal studies have shown that GCs increase adipocyte ATGL and HSL mRNA contents and HSL phosphorylations, but the effects of GC on in vivo lipase signaling in humans are uncertain. Our study was designed to test how GC administration affects ATGL and HSL related signals in human adipose tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine healthy young men underwent 5 days administration of 37.5 mg prednisolone/d in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover design. At the end of each 5 d period the subjects were studied after an overnight fast for 6.5 h including a basal period and a 2½ h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Adipose tissue biopsies were sampled from the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue at the end of the basal period and the clamp. RESULTS GC treatment increased serum FFA concentrations and comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) mRNA - an ATGL activator - and decreased G0/G1 switch 2 gene (G0S2) mRNA - an ATGL inhibitor - in adipose tissue biopsies. In addition, pro-lipolytic ser563 HSL phosphorylations and protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of PLIN1 (Perilipin-1) increased. The transcripts of ANGPTL4 (Angiopoietin-like 4) mRNA - a regulator of circulating triglycerides - were elevated by GC; as were CIDE (Cell-death Inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like Effector)-A and CIDE-C mRNA transcripts indicative of concurrent stimulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis. Finally GCs reduced insulin receptor phosphorylation, and Akt protein levels. CONCLUSIONS High dose GC administration to humans leads to pro-lipolytic alterations of CGI-58, G0S2 and ANGPTL4 mRNA transcripts, increases PKA signaling to lipolysis and inhibits the insulin signal in adipose tissue. The increased CIDE-A and CIDE-C mRNA levels suggest concomitant stimulation of lipolysis and lipid storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilani Ramshanker
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schmidt Voss
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Svava Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hjelholt AJ, Lee KY, Arlien-Søborg MC, Pedersen SB, Kopchick JJ, Puri V, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Temporal patterns of lipolytic regulators in adipose tissue after acute growth hormone exposure in human subjects: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Mol Metab 2019; 29:65-75. [PMID: 31668393 PMCID: PMC6731350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Growth hormone (GH) stimulates lipolysis, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We examined the effect of GH on the expression of lipolytic regulators in adipose tissue (AT). Methods In a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, nine men were examined after injection of 1) a GH bolus and 2) a GH-receptor antagonist (pegvisomant) followed by four AT biopsies. In a second study, eight men were examined in a 2 × 2 factorial design including GH infusion and 36-h fasting with AT biopsies obtained during a basal period and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Expression of GH-signaling intermediates and lipolytic regulators were studied by PCR and western blotting. In addition, mechanistic experiments in mouse models and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were performed. Results The GH bolus increased circulating free fatty acids (p < 0.0001) together with phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) (p < 0.0001) and mRNA expression of the STAT5-dependent genes cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH) and IGF-1 in AT. This was accompanied by suppressed mRNA expression of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) (p = 0.007) and fat specific protein 27 (FSP27) (p = 0.002) and upregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mRNA expression (p = 0.03). Suppression of G0S2 was also observed in humans after GH infusion and fasting, as well as in GH transgene mice, and in vitro studies suggested MEK-PPARγ signaling to be involved. Conclusions GH-induced lipolysis in human subjects in vivo is linked to downregulation of G0S2 and FSP27 and upregulation of PTEN in AT. Mechanistically, in vitro data suggest that GH acts via MEK to suppress PPARγ-dependent transcription of G0S2. ClinicalTrials.govNCT02782221 and NCT01209429. Acute GH exposure in human subjects in vivo stimulates lipolysis and release of FFA together with GH signaling in adipose tissue. GH-induced lipolysis is associated with suppression of G0S2 and FSP27 and upregulation of PTEN in human subjects in vivo. Inhibition of MEK and activation of PPARγ abrogate GH-induced suppression of G0S2 mRNA expression in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Johannesson Hjelholt
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Kevin Y Lee
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 204 Grosvenor Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Konneker Research Center 108, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Mai Christiansen Arlien-Søborg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 2., 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - John J Kopchick
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 204 Grosvenor Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Konneker Research Center, 172 Water Tower Dr., Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 204 Grosvenor Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Konneker Research Center 108, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 2., 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Wilh. Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto L Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sundelin EIO, Gormsen LC, Heebøll S, Vendelbo MH, Jakobsen S, Munk OL, Feddersen S, Brøsen K, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Pedersen SB, Grønbaek H, Jessen N. Hepatic exposure of metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1761-1770. [PMID: 30973968 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Metformin is first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduces cardiovascular events in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Target tissue for metformin action is thought to be the liver, where metformin distribution depends on facilitated transport by polyspecific transmembrane organic cation transporters (OCTs). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the western world with strong associations to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, but whether NAFLD affects metformin biodistribution to the liver is not known. In this study, the primary aim was to investigate in vivo hepatic uptake of metformin dynamically in humans with variable degrees of liver affection. As a secondary aim, we wished to correlate hepatic metformin distribution with OCT gene transcription determined in diagnostic liver biopsies. METHODS Eighteen patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were investigated using 11C-metformin PET/CT technique. Gene transcripts of OCTs were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We observed similar hepatic volume of distribution of metformin between patients with simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (Vd 2.38 ± 0.56 vs. 2.10 ± 0.39, P = 0.3). There was no association between hepatic exposure to metformin and the degree of inflammation or fibrosis, and no clear correlation between metformin distribution and OCT gene transcription. CONCLUSION Metformin is distributed to the liver in patients with NAFLD and the distribution is not impaired by inflammation or fibrosis. The findings imply that metformin action in liver in patients with NAFLD may be preserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Heebøll
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Søren Feddersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Brøsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Overgaard MD, Duvald CS, Vendelbo MH, Pedersen SB, Jakobsen S, Alstrup AKO, Mikkelsen E, Ovesen PG, Pedersen M. Biodistribution of [ 11C]-Metformin and mRNA Expression of Placentae Metformin Transporters in the Pregnant Chinchilla. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2019; 2019:9787340. [PMID: 31182937 PMCID: PMC6515019 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9787340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background While metformin is the first-line pharmacological treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, this drug is not considered safe to use in pregnant women because of its unknown consequences for the fetus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biodistribution of metformin in the pregnant chinchilla, a species exhibiting placental characteristics comparable with the pregnant woman. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the expression of metformin transporters in humans and chinchillas, respectively, in order to evaluate the pregnant chinchilla as a novel animal model for the use of metformin in pregnancy. Methods Three chinchillas in the last part of gestation were injected with [11C]-metformin and scanned by PET/CT for 70 minutes to visualize the distribution. To investigate the difference in expression of placenta transporters between humans and chinchillas, PCR was performed on samples from five chinchilla placentae and seven human placentae. Results Dynamic PET with [11C]-metformin showed that the metformin distribution in chinchillas was similar to that in nonpregnant humans, with signal from kidneys, liver, bladder, and submandibular glands. Conversely, no radioactive signal was observed from the fetuses, and no metformin was accumulated in the chinchilla fetus when measuring the SUV. PCR of placental mRNA showed that the human placentae expressed OCT3, whereas the chinchilla placentae expressed OCT1. Conclusion Since metformin did not pass the placenta barrier in the pregnant chinchilla, as it is known to do in humans, we do not suggest the chinchilla as a future animal model of metformin in pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Emmeli Mikkelsen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Glud Ovesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hansen ESS, Pedersen SF, Pedersen SB, Bøtker HE, Kim WY. Validation of contrast enhanced cine steady-state free precession and T2-weighted CMR for assessment of ischemic myocardial area-at-risk in the presence of reperfusion injury. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:1039-1045. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-019-01569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Høgild ML, Bak AM, Pedersen SB, Rungby J, Frystyk J, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Growth hormone signaling and action in obese versus lean human subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E333-E344. [PMID: 30576246 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00431.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) levels are blunted in obesity, but it is not known whether this relates to altered GH sensitivity and whether this influences the metabolic adaptation to fasting. Therefore, we investigated the effect of obesity on GH signal transduction and fasting-induced changes in GH action. Nine obese (BMI 35.7 kg/m2) and nine lean (BMI 21.5 kg/m2) men were studied in a randomized crossover design with 1) an intravenous GH bolus, 2) an intravenous saline bolus, and 3) 72 h of fasting. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp) and substrate metabolism (glucose tracer and indirect calorimetry) were measured in studies 1 and 2. In vivo GH signaling was assessed in muscle and fat biopsies. GH pharmacokinetics did not differ between obese and lean subjects, but endogenous GH levels were reduced in obesity. GH signaling (STAT5b phosphorylation and CISH mRNA transcription), and GH action (induction of lipolysis and peripheral insulin resistance) were similar in the two groups, but a GH-induced insulin antagonistic effect on endogenous glucose production only occurred in the obese. Fasting-induced IGF-I reduction was completely abrogated in obese subjects despite a comparable relative increase in GH levels (ΔIGF-I: lean, -66 ± 10 vs. obese, 27 ± 16 µg/l; P < 0.01; ΔGH: lean, 647 ± 280 vs. obese, 544 ± 220%; P = 0.76]. We conclude that 1) GH signaling is normal in obesity, 2) in the obese state, the preservation of IGF-I with fasting and the augmented GH-induced central insulin resistance indicate increased hepatic GH sensitivity, 3) blunted GH levels in obesity may protect against insulin resistance without compromising IGF-I status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Lyng Høgild
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Ann Mosegaard Bak
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ornstrup MJ, Kjær TN, Harsløf T, Jørgensen NR, Pedersen SB, Langdahl BL. Comparison of bone turnover markers in peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate. Bone 2018; 116:315-320. [PMID: 30176391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone remodeling takes place in the bone marrow environment. We investigated if levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) differ between bone marrow and peripheral blood, if the bone marrow is an independent compartment, and how well the measurements in bone marrow correlate with bone mineral density. METHODS Sixty-six men participated in a placebo controlled study designed to evaluate the effect of 16 weeks supplementation with resveratrol on bone mineral density and BTM. Bone marrow aspirates and blood samples were drawn at baseline and at week 16. Procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and osteoprogeterin (OPG) were analyzed. Bland-Altman analysis was used to compare measurements across compartment to detect possible systematic or proportional differences. Paired t-test was performed if no proportional difference was revealed at the difference vs concentration plot. RESULTS Measurements of PINP, CTx, and BAP differed proportionally between compartments depending on concentration; at low concentrations absolute values were only slightly different, while at higher average concentrations the levels were much higher in bone marrow than blood. Osteocalcin measures in bone marrow were systematically and significantly lower than in blood (mean ± SD; 14.4 μg/L ± 5.3 μg/L versus 21.7 μg/L ± 6.0 μg/L respectively, p < 0.001). OPG measures were comparable between compartments (p = 0.69). CTx and OPG measured in blood were negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = -0.22, p = 0.05 and β = -0.02, p = 0.02, respectively), whereas both markers measured in bone marrow were not (p = 0.60 and p = 0.50 respectively). None of the BTMs, bone marrow or blood, were associated with total hip BMD. DISCUSSION The levels of most BTMs differed significantly between bone marrow and peripheral blood, while OPG was comparable. Levels of PINP, CTx, and BAP differed between compartments depending on concentration, suggesting bone marrow to represent a compartment separate from the general circulation. Unexpectedly, osteocalcin was lower in the marrow, a gradient that was independent of concentration. BTMs measured in bone marrow did not show any association with bone mineral density. Although further studies are needed to investigate potential explanatory causes of the differences, BTMs in bone marrow do not seem to contribute further to fracture risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - T N Kjær
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - T Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - N R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital/Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - S B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - B L Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lomholt S, Mellemkjaer A, Iversen MB, Pedersen SB, Kragstrup TW. Resveratrol displays anti-inflammatory properties in an ex vivo model of immune mediated inflammatory arthritis. BMC Rheumatol 2018; 2:27. [PMID: 30886977 PMCID: PMC6390607 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-018-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in berries, roots and wine that is well known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The anti-inflammatory effect has been reported for both immune cells and connective tissues, but only few studies have investigated effects on immune mediated inflammatory arthritis. None of which have studied this effect when combining resveratrol with methotrexate or adalimumab, two major drugs in the treatment of immune mediated inflammatory arthritis. We therefore aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol alone and in combination with methotrexate or adalimumab in ex vivo models of immune mediated inflammatory arthritis. We furthermore aimed to describe any variations in this effect based on disease activity and cellular composition of the synovial fluid infiltrate. Methods Synovial fluid mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 7) and spondyloarthritis (n = 7) were cultured for either 48 h or 21 days. In both models, synovial fluid mononuclear cells were treated with resveratrol alone or in combination with methotrexate or adalimumab. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, matrix metalloproteinase 3 and tartrate resistant acidic phosphatase were measured to quantify inflammation, enzymatic degradation and osteoclast differentiation, respectively. Results Resveratrol reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 production by synovial fluid mononuclear cells significantly (p = 0.005) compared to untreated controls. The effect of resveratrol was greatest in cultures from patients with low disease activity, i.e. DAS28CRP ≤ 3.2 (p = 0.022), and in cultures dominated by lymphocytes (p = 0.03). Further, the combination of methotrexate and resveratrol significantly reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels compared with methotrexate alone in cultures from patients with low disease activity (p = 0.016), and in cultures with high lymphocyte count (p = 0.011). Resveratrol did not significantly affect matrix metalloproteinase 3 and tartrate resistant acidic phosphatase production. Conclusion Resveratrol has anti-inflammatory properties in our ex vivo model of immune mediated inflammatory arthritis. Results show an additive effect of resveratrol, when combined with methotrexate in samples dominated by lymphocytes and samples from patients with low disease activity. This suggests further investigations in vitro and whether this effect may also be present in a clinical setting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41927-018-0036-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lomholt
- 1Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Mellemkjaer
- 1Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M B Iversen
- 1Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S B Pedersen
- 2Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T W Kragstrup
- 1Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,3Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,4Department of Internal Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Riis-Vestergaard MJ, Breining P, Pedersen SB, Laustsen C, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Borghammer P, Jessen N, Richelsen B. Evaluation of Active Brown Adipose Tissue by the Use of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate MRI in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092597. [PMID: 30200469 PMCID: PMC6164296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to increase energy expenditure makes brown adipose tissue (BAT) a putative target for treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Presently, investigation of BAT in vivo is mainly performed by fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/CT. However, non-radioactive methods that add information on, for example, substrate metabolism are warranted. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (HP-MRI) to determine BAT activity in mice following chronic cold exposure. Cold (6 °C) and thermo-neutral (30 °C) acclimated mice were scanned with HP-MRI for assessment of the interscapular BAT (iBAT) activity. Comparable mice were scanned with the conventional method FDG PET/MRI. Finally, iBAT was evaluated for gene expression and protein levels of the specific thermogenic marker, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Cold exposure increased the thermogenic capacity 3–4 fold (p < 0.05) as measured by UCP1 gene and protein analysis. Furthermore, cold exposure as compared with thermo-neutrality increased iBAT pyruvate metabolism by 5.5-fold determined by HP-MRI which is in good agreement with the 5-fold increment in FDG uptake (p < 0.05) measured by FDG PET/MRI. iBAT activity is detectable in mice using HP-MRI in which potential changes in intracellular metabolism may add useful information to the conventional FDG PET studies. HP-MRI may also be a promising radiation-free tool for repetitive BAT studies in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ji Riis-Vestergaard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Peter Breining
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | | | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Møller AB, Voss TS, Vendelbo MH, Pedersen SB, Møller N, Jessen N. Insulin inhibits autophagy signaling independent of counter-regulatory hormone levels, but does not affect the effects of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1204-1209. [PMID: 30070610 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00490.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise increases autophagic signaling through ULK1 in human skeletal muscle during both anabolic and catabolic conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate if changes in ULK1 Ser555 phosphorylation during exercise are reflected by changes in phosphorylation of a newly identified ULK1 substrate (ATG14 Ser29), and to elucidate the involvement of circulatory hormones in regulation of autophagy in human skeletal muscle. We show that one hour of cycling exercise increases ATG14 Ser29 phosphorylation during both hyperinsulinemic euglycemic and euinsulinemic euglycemic conditions. This could suggest that counter-regulatory hormones stimulate autophagy in skeletal muscle, as circulating concentrations of these hormones are highly elevated during exercise. Furthermore, ATG14 Ser29 correlated positively with ULK1 phosphorylation, suggesting that ULK1 Ser555 (activating site) phosphorylation reflects ULK1 kinase activity. In a separate series of experiments, we show that insulin stimulates ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser757 (inhibitory site) in both hypoglycemic and euglycemic conditions, suggesting that counter-regulatory hormones (such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and glucagon) have limited effects on autophagy signaling in human skeletal muscle. In conclusion, one hour of cycling exercise increases phosphorylation of ATG14 at Ser29 in a pattern that mirrors ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser555. Moreover, insulin effects on autophagy signaling in human skeletal muscle are independent of hypoglycemic and euglycemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Buch Møller
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pedersen SB, Varbo A, Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG. Chylomicronemia risk factors ranked by importance for the individual and community in 108 711 women and men. J Intern Med 2018; 283:392-404. [PMID: 29130593 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia prevalence is increasing as more individuals become obese, and chylomicronemia risk factors for the individual and community have not been described previously. OBJECTIVE To describe chylomicronemia risk factors in the general population for individuals and community. METHODS A total of 108 711 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study were grouped as unlikely chylomicronemia (nonfasting triglycerides <2 mmol L-1 (177 mg dL-1 )), possible chylomicronemia (2-4.99 mmol L-1 (177-442 mg dL-1 )), probable chylomicronemia (5-9.99 mmol L-1 (443-885 mg dL-1 )) and definite chylomicronemia (≥10 mmol L-1 (≥ 886 mg dL-1 )). Relative risk (RR) from Poisson regression ranked dichotomized chylomicronemia risk factors for individuals, and population attributable fractions (PAF) for the community: type 2 diabetes, alcohol intake, obesity, fat intake, hypothyroidism, kidney function, education, sedentary lifestyle, menopause and hormone replacement (women). RESULTS For women and men, chylomicronemia was unlikely in 81% and 64%, possible in 18% and 33%, probable in 1% and 3% and definite in 0.03% and 0.14%, respectively. For the individual, the three top-ranked risk factors for probable/definite versus unlikely chylomicronemia in women were type 2 diabetes (RR: 4.21; 95% confidence interval: 3.30-5.36), menopause (RR: 3.74; 2.62-5.36) and obesity (RR: 3.44; 2.81-4.21). Corresponding top-ranked risk factors in men were obesity (RR: 3.86; 3.46-4.30), type 2 diabetes (RR: 1.88; 1.61-2.19) and reduced kidney function (RR: 1.86; 1.48-2.34). For the community, top-ranked risk factors in women were menopause (PAF: 63%), obesity (PAF: 29%) and type 2 diabetes (PAF: 15%). Corresponding top-ranked risk factors in men were obesity (PAF: 29%), type 2 diabetes (PAF: 6.4%) and sedentary lifestyle (PAF: 6.0%). CONCLUSIONS Obesity and type 2 diabetes were the most important modifiable chylomicronemia risk factors in women and men, both for the individual and community. This could influence chylomicronemia prevention and help design randomized trials aimed at reducing triglycerides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Langsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - B G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ornstrup MJ, Brüel A, Thomsen JS, Harsløf T, Langdahl BL, Pedersen SB. Long-Term High-Dose Resveratrol Supplementation Reduces Bone Mass and Fracture Strength in Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:337-347. [PMID: 29058054 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic compound. A recent study suggests a positive effect on BMD in men; however, the underlying changes in microstructure and strength remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of RSV on the skeleton in hindlimb-immobilized and non-immobilized rats. Seventy-two female Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Two baseline (BSL) groups underwent short-term diet intervention for 4 weeks before sacrifice [phytoestrogen-deficient diet (PD) (BSL + PD) or RSV diet (600 mg/kg body weight/day) (BSL + RSV)]. Four groups were injected in the right hindlimb with botulinum toxin (BTX) (immobilized) or saline (non-immobilized), and fed either PD diet or RSV diet 4 weeks pre-injection and 6 weeks post-injection before sacrifice (BTX + PD, BTX + RSV, PD, and RSV, respectively). DXA, µCT, dynamic histomorphometry, and mechanical tests were performed. Short-term RSV treatment did not affect bone parameters, whereas long-term RSV exposure had a consistent negative impact on non-immobilized rats (RSV vs. PD); whole femoral aBMD (p = 0.01) and distal femoral metaphyseal Tb.N (p = 0.01), Tb.Sp (p = 0.02), and BV/TV (p = 0.07). At the femoral mid-diaphysis, RSV increased periosteal resorption (p = 0.01) and increased endosteal formation (p = 0.02), while mineralization was unaffected. In addition, RSV reduced femoral mid-diaphyseal three-point bending strength (p = 0.03) and stiffness (p = 0.04). BTX-induced immobilization resulted in significant bone loss and reduced bone strength; however, RSV supplementation was unable to prevent this. In conclusion, long-term high-dose RSV reduced bone mass and fracture strength and did not prevent immobilization-induced bone loss in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nielsen JB, Abild CB, Pedersen AM, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B. Continuous Glucose Monitoring After Gastric Bypass to Evaluate the Glucose Variability After a Low-Carbohydrate Diet and to Determine Hypoglycemia. Obes Surg 2018; 26:2111-2118. [PMID: 26755182 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) alters glucose metabolism and can cause postprandial hypoglycemia. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been proposed as an evaluation tool in hypoglycemic RYGB individuals. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of CGM in clinical decision-making including diagnosing hypoglycemia and evaluating treatment effects. Furthermore, we aim to assess its accuracy in RYGB-operated individuals. METHODS Thirteen RYGB individuals with symptomatic hypoglycemia and 13 asymptomatic RYGB individuals underwent CGM for 5 days. During this period, a mixed-meal test with concomitant plasma glucose (PG) measurements was performed. Furthermore, the RYGB individuals followed a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for 1 day and maintained their ordinary diet (OD) for the rest of the period. RESULTS LCD reduced the CGM-determined glycemic variability of the mean interstitial fluid glucose (IFG) significantly compared to OD (p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that low blood glucose index (e.g., the frequency and amplitude of hypoglycemic events) is the most reliable parameter related to the development of symptomatic hypoglycemia, with a sensitivity of 0.91 (confidence interval [CI] 0.59; 1.00) and a specificity of 0.77 (CI 0.46; 0.95). However, CGM, measuring the IFG in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, overestimated the minimum glucose levels by 1.1 ± 0.9 mmol/l compared with PG. CONCLUSIONS CGM was a good method for demonstrating increased glycemic variability among RYGB individuals and for displaying dietary effects on reducing this glycemic variability, including hypoglycemic events. In RYGB individuals, CGM-measured IFG overestimated the real glucose value by about 1 mmol/l in the hypoglycemic range. This should be taken into consideration if CGM is used to diagnose hypoglycemia after RYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Bach Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 2nd Floor, Building 3C, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Aarhus C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Caroline Bruun Abild
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 2nd Floor, Building 3C, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Aarhus C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ane Mathilde Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 2nd Floor, Building 3C, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Aarhus C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 2nd Floor, Building 3C, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Aarhus C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 2nd Floor, Building 3C, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Aarhus C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dudele A, Hougaard KS, Kjølby M, Hokland M, Winther G, Elfving B, Wegener G, Nielsen AL, Larsen A, Nøhr MK, Pedersen SB, Wang T, Lund S. Chronic maternal inflammation or high-fat-feeding programs offspring obesity in a sex-dependent manner. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1420-1426. [PMID: 28588305 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The current world-wide obesity epidemic partially results from a vicious circle whereby maternal obesity during pregnancy predisposes the offspring for accelerated weight gain and development of metabolic syndrome. Here we investigate whether low-grade inflammation, characteristic of the obese state, provides a causal role for this disastrous fetal programming in mice. METHODS We exposed pregnant and lactating C57BL/6JBom female mice to either high-fat diet (HFD), or continuous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent trigger of innate immunity, and studied offspring phenotypes. RESULTS Both maternal LPS or HFD treatments rendered the offspring hyperphagic and inept of coping with a HFD challenge during adulthood, increasing their adiposity and weight gain. The metabolic effects were more pronounced in female offspring, while exposed male offspring mounted a larger inflammatory response to HFD at adulthood. CONCLUSIONS This supports our hypothesis and highlights the programming potential of inflammation in obese pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dudele
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K S Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kjølby
- Department of Biomedicine, The Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine and Danish Diabetes Academy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Hokland
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Winther
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - B Elfving
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - G Wegener
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - A L Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M K Nøhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Lund
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kjær TN, Ornstrup MJ, Poulsen MM, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL, Richelsen B, Pedersen SB. No Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol on the Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1642-1651. [PMID: 28182820 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Preclinical evidence suggests that resveratrol (RSV) has beneficial metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects that could have therapeutic implications. OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of long-term RSV treatment on inflammation and MetS. SETTING AND DESIGN A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group clinical trial conducted at Aarhus University Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Middle-aged community-dwelling men (N = 74) with MetS, 66 of whom completed all visits (mean ± standard error of the mean): age, 49.5 ± 0.796 years; body mass index, 33.8 ± 0.44 kg/m2; waist circumference, 115 ± 1.14 cm. INTERVENTION Daily oral supplementation with 1000 mg RSV (RSVhigh), 150 mg RSV, or placebo for 16 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), circulating lipids, and inflammatory markers in circulation and adipose/muscle tissue biopsy specimens; glucose metabolism; and body composition including visceral fat and ectopic fat deposition. RESULTS RSV treatment did not lower circulating levels of hs-CRP, interleukin 6, or soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in plasma, and inflammatory gene expression in adipose and muscle tissues also remained unchanged. RSV treatment had no effect on blood pressure, body composition, and lipid deposition in the liver or striated muscle. RSV treatment had no beneficial effect on glucose or lipid metabolism. RSVhigh treatment significantly increased total cholesterol (P < 0.002), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P < 0.006), and fructosamine (P < 0.013) levels compared with placebo. CONCLUSION RSV treatment did not improve inflammatory status, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, or hepatic lipid content in middle-aged men with MetS. On the contrary, RSVhigh significantly increased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and fructosamine levels compared with placebo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nordstrøm Kjær
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Møller Poulsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pedersen MH, Svart MV, Lebeck J, Bidlingmaier M, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Pedersen SB, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Substrate Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity During Fasting in Obese Human Subjects: Impact of GH Blockade. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1340-1349. [PMID: 28324055 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility are features of obesity and are amplified by fasting. Growth hormone (GH) secretion increases during fasting and GH causes insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE To study the metabolic effects of GH blockade during fasting in obese subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Nine obese males were studied thrice in a randomized design: (1) after an overnight fast (control), (2) after 72 hour fasting (fasting), and (3) after 72 hour fasting with GH blockade (pegvisomant) [fasting plus GH antagonist (GHA)]. Each study day consisted of a 4-hour basal period followed by a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp combined with indirect calorimetry, assessment of glucose and palmitate turnover, and muscle and fat biopsies. RESULTS GH levels increased with fasting (P < 0.01), and the fasting-induced reduction of serum insulin-like growth factor I was enhanced by GHA (P < 0.05). Fasting increased lipolysis and lipid oxidation independent of GHA, but fasting plus GHA caused a more pronounced suppression of lipid intermediates in response to hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp. Fasting-induced insulin resistance was abrogated by GHA (P < 0.01) primarily due to reduced endogenous glucose production (P = 0.003). Fasting plus GHA also caused elevated glycerol levels and reduced levels of counterregulatory hormones. Fasting significantly reduced the expression of antilipolytic signals in adipose tissue independent of GHA. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of GH activity during fasting in obese subjects reverses insulin resistance and amplifies insulin-stimulated suppression of lipid intermediates, indicating that GH is an important regulator of substrate metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility also in obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Høgild Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Vandsted Svart
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- The MR Research Center, and
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Breining P, Pedersen SB, Pikelis A, Rolighed L, Sundelin EIO, Jessen N, Richelsen B. High expression of organic cation transporter 3 in human BAT-like adipocytes. Implications for extraneuronal norepinephrine uptake. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:15-22. [PMID: 28034777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated by extracellular norepinephrine (NE) released by the sympathetic nervous system. The extracellular concentration of NE is additionally regulated by the disappearance/degradation of NE. Recent studies have introduced the organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) as a possible contributor in the regulation of NE in adipose tissue. In the present study we set out to investigate the presence of OCT3 in human neck adipose tissue (AT), which is the primary localization of BAT in humans. Moreover, we wanted to assess the possible function and correlation of the transporter with known markers of thermogenic function, e.g. UCP1. When examining neck AT biopsies from 57 individuals we found that OCT3 was expressed at 2.5 ± 0.16 fold higher level in the deep-neck AT compared with subcutaneous AT. UCP1 was found extensively expressed in the deep-neck AT depot and the correlation between UCP1 and OCT3 within the deep-neck AT was found highly significant (r2 = 0.4012, P-value < 0.0001). Lastly, we were able to reduce NE uptake in isolated brown adipocytes in an in vitro culture by adding corticosterone which is a known OCT3-blocker. In conclusion, we found that OCT3 may be a regulator of the concentration of NE in AT and by this mechanism a possible regulator of BAT function and a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Breining
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Arunas Pikelis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Lars Rolighed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Surgery P, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Korsholm AS, Kjær TN, Ornstrup MJ, Pedersen SB. Comprehensive Metabolomic Analysis in Blood, Urine, Fat, and Muscle in Men with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of Resveratrol after Four Months' Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030554. [PMID: 28273841 PMCID: PMC5372570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol possesses several beneficial metabolic effects in rodents, while the effects of resveratrol in humans remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a non-targeted comprehensive metabolomic analysis on blood, urine, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle tissue in middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome randomized to either resveratrol or placebo treatment for four months. Changes in steroid hormones across all four matrices were the most pronounced changes observed. Resveratrol treatment reduced sulfated androgen precursors in blood, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue, and increased these metabolites in urine. Furthermore, markers of muscle turnover were increased and lipid metabolism was affected, with increased intracellular glycerol and accumulation of long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated (n3 and n6) free fatty acids in resveratrol-treated men. Finally, urinary derivatives of aromatic amino acids, which mainly reflect the composition of the gut microbiota, were altered upon resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, the non-targeted metabolomics approach applied to four different matrices provided evidence of subtle but robust effects on several metabolic pathways following resveratrol treatment for four months in men with metabolic syndrome—effects that, for the most part, would not have been detected by routine analyses. The affected pathways should be the focus of future clinical trials on resveratrol’s effects, and perhaps particularly the areas of steroid metabolism and the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Korsholm
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Nordstrøm Kjær
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rønn SH, Harsløf T, Pedersen SB, Langdahl BL. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) prevents age-related deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture at the tibia in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:541-549. [PMID: 27625301 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical studies suggest that vitamin K2 protects against bone loss and fractures; however, its effect on bone quality has never been investigated. We investigated the effect of vitamin MK-7 on undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), and bone mass and quality. DESIGN We conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. METHODS We investigated the effect of MK-7 375 µg for 12 months on bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone microarchitecture measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) and biochemical bone turnover markers in 148 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. All of them were supplemented with calcium and vitamin D. RESULTS ucOC decreased in the MK-7 group (-65.6 (59.1; 71.0) %) (median (CI)) compared with the placebo group (-6.4 (-13.5; 1.2) %) after 3 months (P < 0.01). HRpQCT after 12 months demonstrated that trabecular number in tibia was unchanged in the MK-7-group (-0.1 ± 1.9%) (mean ± s.d.) and decreased in the placebo group (-3.5 ± 2.2%), trabecular spacing was unchanged in the MK-7 group (+1.2 ± 8.0%) and increased in the placebo group (+4.5 ± 9.7%), and trabecular thickness was unchanged in the MK-7 group (+0.2 ± 1.7%) and increased in the placebo group (+4.0 ± 2.2%) (between-group changes for all: P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in HRpQCT-derived parameters at the radius or in BMD at any site. CONCLUSION The changes in bone microarchitecture in the placebo group are consistent with the age-related deterioration of trabecular structure, with a loss of trabeculae and a greater mean thickness of the remaining trabeculae. This suggests that vitamin MK-7 preserves trabecular bone structure at the tibia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Hertz Rønn
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gude MF, Hjortebjerg R, Oxvig C, Thyø AA, Magnusson NE, Bjerre M, Pedersen SB, Frystyk J. PAPP-A, IGFBP-4 and IGF-II are secreted by human adipose tissue cultures in a depot-specific manner. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:509-519. [PMID: 27585595 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue secretes pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which may increase local IGF action through cleavage of IGF-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). We tested whether this mechanism was operational in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (i.e. VAT and SAT). DESIGN Explants of VAT and SAT from 26 obese subjects (hereof 17 women, BMI 39.5 (37.2; 42.8) kg/m2 (median (25%; 75% confidence interval) and SAT from eight lean, age-matched women (BMI 23.6 (22.4; 24.9) kg/m2) were incubated with or without GH (100 µg/L) and the media were harvested. METHODS Media were assessed for concentrations of PAPP-A, intact and PAPP-A-cleaved IGFBP-4, IGF-I and IGF-II, and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) activation by bioassay. RESULTS In obese subjects, VAT media contained higher concentrations than SAT of PAPP-A (4.4-fold) and both PAPP-A-generated IGFBP-4 fragments (C-terminal: 3.3-fold, N-terminal: 1.5-fold) (all P < 0.0005). Intact IGFBP-4 levels were similar in SAT and VAT. VAT media contained elevated IGF-II (1.4-fold; P < 0.005), but similar IGF-I concentrations compared with SAT. Still, VAT media contained a 1.8-fold increased ability to stimulate the IGF-IR (P < 0.005). IGF-I protein concentration and IGF-IR activation increased more in VAT media than SAT media following GH stimulation (both P < 0.05). At baseline, SAT media protein levels from lean and obese women were similar, with the exception of PAPP-A being 1.8-fold elevated in VAT media (P < 0.05). GH induced a similar increase in IGF-I media levels in SAT from obese and lean women. CONCLUSION Human adipose tissue cultures secrete enzymatically active PAPP-A, IGFBP-4 and IGF-II in a depot-specific manner, suggesting differential regulation of IGF activity. Further, IGF-II appears to be more prominent than IGF-I. Finally, VAT appears more GH responsive than SAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Faurholdt Gude
- Medical Research LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes AcademyOdense, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsFaculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Erik Magnusson
- Medical Research LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research LaboratoryDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Heebøll S, Kreuzfeldt M, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Kjær Poulsen M, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Møller HJ, Jessen N, Thorsen K, Kristina Hellberg Y, Bønløkke Pedersen S, Grønbæk H. Placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial: high-dose resveratrol treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:456-64. [PMID: 26784973 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1107620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE "The obesity epidemic" has led to an increase in obesity-related conditions including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), for which effective treatments are in demand. The polyphenol resveratrol prevents the development of experimental NAFLD through modulation of cellular pathways involved in calorie restriction. We aimed to test the hypothesis that resveratrol alleviates NAFLD in a randomised, clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 28 overweight patients with transaminasemia and histological NAFLD were randomised 1:1 to placebo or resveratrol 1.5 g daily for 6 months. Twenty-six participants completed the trial and underwent repeated clinical investigation, blood work, MR spectroscopy; and 19 participants agreed to a repeat liver biopsy. RESULTS Resveratrol treatment was generally not superior to placebo in improving plasma markers of liver injury (primary outcome: alanine transaminase, p = 0.51). Resveratrol-treated patients showed a 3.8% decrease in liver lipid content (p = 0.03), with no difference between the two treatment arms (p = 0.38) and no improvement of histological features. Resveratrol treatment was not associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity or markers of the metabolic syndrome, except for a transient decrease in systolic BP. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR revealed no major changes in expression profile. Also, we report a serious adverse event in a patient who developed fever and bicytopenia. CONCLUSIONS In this placebo-controlled, high-dose and long-term study, resveratrol treatment had no consistent therapeutic effect in alleviating clinical or histological NAFLD, though there may be a small ameliorating effect on liver function tests and liver fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heebøll
- a Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark ;,b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Martin Kreuzfeldt
- a Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit
- c Department of Pathology , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Marianne Kjær Poulsen
- d Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- e MR Research Centre , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- f Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark ;,g Department of Molecular Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Kasper Thorsen
- g Department of Molecular Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- e MR Research Centre , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- a Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology , Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dal J, Høyer KL, Pedersen SB, Magnusson NE, Bjerring P, Frystyk J, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Growth Hormone and Insulin Signaling in Acromegaly: Impact of Surgery Versus Somatostatin Analog Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3716-3723. [PMID: 27466699 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Somatostatin analogs (SAs) used in acromegaly to suppress GH secretion and tumor growth also suppress insulin secretion and may impact GH signaling. OBJECTIVE To compare GH and insulin signaling after iv GH exposure in acromegalic patients controlled by surgery (n = 9) or SA (n = 9). DESIGN Each patient was studied for 3 hours after an overnight fast (t = -60 to 120 minutes). GH was administered at t = 0 minutes; muscle and fat biopsies were obtained at t = 0 minutes and at t = 30 minutes (muscle) and t = 120 minutes (fat). Interstitial fluid was obtained from skin suction blisters (t = 0 minutes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES GH and insulin signalling in muscle and fat. GH and IGF-1 in serum and interstitial fluid; insulin and free fatty acids in serum. RESULTS The groups were comparable as regards GH and IGF-1. The SA group exhibited higher free fatty acid and glucose levels; basal suppressor of cytokine signaling protein 1 (SOCS1) mRNA in fat was increased in the SA group and correlated positively with SA dose (r2 = 0.54; P = .04). GH-induced GH signalling (pSTAT5b) in muscle occurred in both groups together with increased expression of SOCS and CISH genes. GH-induced pAKTthr308 was observed in SA patients. In both groups, mRNA expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog, a suppressor of insulin signaling, increased in fat after GH. CONCLUSION 1) Signatures of GH and insulin signaling differ as a function of acromegaly treatment modality. 2) Extra-pituitary effects of SA may account for this. 3) The clinical implications remain to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Dal
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Katrine Lundby Høyer
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Nils Erik Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory (J.D., K.L.H., S.B.P., N.E.M., J.F., N.M., J.O.L.J.), Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, and Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology (N.J.), University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Mølholm Research (P.B.), Mølholm Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ornstrup MJ, Harsløf T, Sørensen L, Stenkjær L, Langdahl BL, Pedersen SB. Resveratrol Increases Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro Independently of Inflammation. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:155-63. [PMID: 27000750 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation negatively affects bone. Resveratrol is a natural compound proven to possess both anti-inflammatory and bone protective properties. However, it is uncertain if the bone effects are mediated though anti-inflammatory effects. Firstly, we investigated if resveratrol affects proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Secondly, we investigated if inflammation negatively affects proliferation and differentiation, and if resveratrol counteracts this through anti-inflammatory effects. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from bone marrow aspiration in 13 healthy individuals and cultured towards the osteoblast cell lineage. The cells were stimulated with resveratrol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + resveratrol, or vehicle (control) for 21 days. Compared to control, resveratrol decreased cell number by 35 % (p < 0.05) and induced differentiation (a 3-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.002), while P1NP and OPG showed similar trends). LPS induced inflammation with a 44-fold increase in interleukin-6 (p < 0.05) and an extremely prominent increase in interleukin-8 production (p < 0.05) relative to control. In addition, LPS increased cell count (p < 0.05) and decreased differentiation (a reduction in P1NP production (p < 0.02)). Co-stimulation with LPS + resveratrol did not reduce interleukin-6 or interleukin-8, but nonetheless, cell count was reduced (p < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase, P1NP, and OPG increased (p < 0.05 for all). Thus, resveratrol stimulates osteoblast differentiation independently of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Sørensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Stenkjær
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bak AM, Møller AB, Vendelbo MH, Nielsen TS, Viggers R, Rungby J, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL, Jessen N, Møller N. Differential regulation of lipid and protein metabolism in obese vs. lean subjects before and after a 72-h fast. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E224-35. [PMID: 27245338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00464.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased availability of lipids may conserve muscle protein during catabolic stress. Our study was designed to define 1) intracellular mechanisms leading to increased lipolysis and 2) whether this scenario is associated with decreased amino acid and urea fluxes, and decreased muscle amino acid release in obese subjects under basal and fasting conditions. We therefore studied nine lean and nine obese subjects twice, after 12 and 72 h of fasting, using measurements of mRNA and protein expression and phosphorylation of lipolytic and protein metabolic signaling molecules in fat and muscle together with whole body and forearm tracer techniques. Obese subjects displayed increased whole body lipolysis, decreased urea production rates, and decreased forearm muscle protein breakdown per 100 ml of forearm tissue, differences that persisted after 72 h of fasting. Lipolysis per fat mass unit was reduced in obese subjects and, correspondingly, adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation and mRNA and protein levels of the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) coactivator CGI58 were decreased. Fasting resulted in higher HSL phosphorylations and lower protein levels of the ATGL inhibitor G0S2. Muscle protein expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 4EBP1 were lower in obese subjects, and MuRf1 mRNA was higher with fasting in lean but not obese subjects. Phosphorylation and signaling of mTOR decreased with fasting in both groups, whereas ULK1 protein and mRNA levels increased. In summary, obese subjects exhibit increased lipolysis due to a large fat mass with blunted prolipolytic signaling, together with decreased urea and amino acid fluxes both in the basal and 72-h fasted state; this is compatible with preservation of muscle and whole body protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mosegaard Bak
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark;
| | - Andreas Buch Møller
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Thomas Svava Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Viggers
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; and
| | | | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hansen ESS, Pedersen SF, Pedersen SB, Kjærgaard U, Schmidt NH, Bøtker HE, Kim WY. Cardiovascular MR T2-STIR imaging does not discriminate between intramyocardial haemorrhage and microvascular obstruction during the subacute phase of a reperfused myocardial infarction. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000346. [PMID: 27110375 PMCID: PMC4838761 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Microvascular obstruction (MVO) and intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH) are known complications of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Whereas MVO is an established marker for a poor clinical outcome, the clinical significance of IMH remains less well defined. Cardiovascular MR (CMR) and T2 weighted short tau inversion recovery (T2-STIR) imaging have been used to detect IMH and to explore its clinical importance. IMH is typically identified within the area-at-risk as a hypointense signal core on T2-STIR images. Because MVO will also appear as a hypointense signal core, T2-STIR imaging may not be an optimal method for assessing IMH. In this study, we sought to investigate the ability of T2-STIR to discriminate between MVO with IMH in a porcine myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion model that expressed MVO with and without IMH. Method MVO with and without IMH (defined from both macroscopic evaluation and T1 weighted CMR) was produced in 13 pigs by a 65-min balloon occlusion of the mid left anterior descending artery, followed by reperfusion. Eight days after injury, all pigs underwent CMR imaging and subsequently the hearts were assessed by gross pathology. Results CMR identified MVO in all hearts. CMR and pathology showed that IMH was present in 6 of 13 (46%) infarcts. The sensitivity and specificity of T2-STIR hypointense signal core for identification of IMH was 100% and 29%, respectively. T2-values between hypointense signal core in the pigs with and without IMH were similar (60.4±3 ms vs 63.0±4 ms). Conclusions T2-STIR did not allow identification of IMH in areas with MVO in a porcine model of myocardial ischaemic/reperfusion injury in the subacute phase of a reperfused myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esben Søvsø Szocska Hansen
- The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steen Fjord Pedersen
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery T , Aarhus University Hospital Skejby , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital THG , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Uffe Kjærgaard
- The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Hjort Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Comparative Medicine Laboratory , Aarhus University Hospital Skejby , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology , Aarhus University Hospital Skejby , Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Won Yong Kim
- The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Heebøll S, El-Houri RB, Hellberg YEK, Haldrup D, Pedersen SB, Jessen N, Christensen LP, Grønbaek H. Effect of resveratrol on experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease depends on severity of pathology and timing of treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:668-75. [PMID: 26312773 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease with few therapeutic options. Resveratrol (RSV) prevents the development of steatosis in a number of experimental fatty liver (non-alcoholic fatty liver [NAFL]) models, but the preventive or therapeutic effects on experimental NASH are not yet clarified, and clinical results on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are ambiguous. Thus, we aimed to compare the RSV-mediated preventive and therapeutic effects on experimental NAFL and NASH. METHODS We used a high-fat (HF) diet to generate a rat NAFL model and a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFC) diet to generate a rat NASH model. The preventive and therapeutic potential of RSV was tested by adding RSV to the HF and HFC diet from study start or after 1 week of the diets. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks with appropriate controls. Blood and liver were harvested for analysis, including measurement of RSV metabolites. RESULTS Resveratrol reduced the development of histological steatosis (P = 0.03) and partly triglyceride accumulation (fold change reduced from 3.6 to 2.4, P = 0.08) in the male NAFL model, although effects were moderate. In NASH prevention, RSV reduced the accumulation of triglyceride in hepatic tissue (P < 0.01), while there was no effect on biochemical, histopathological, or transcriptional NASH changes. Further, RSV had no therapeutic effect on established NASH. We found RSV metabolites but no parent RSV in serum or liver tissue, confirming low bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS These experimental findings suggest that a weak hepatic benefit of RSV treatment is seen in prevention of steatosis only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heebøll
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rime Bahij El-Houri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - David Haldrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Porskjaer Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kjaer TN, Ornstrup MJ, Poulsen MM, Jørgensen JOL, Hougaard DM, Cohen AS, Neghabat S, Richelsen B, Pedersen SB. Resveratrol reduces the levels of circulating androgen precursors but has no effect on, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, PSA levels or prostate volume. A 4-month randomised trial in middle-aged men. Prostate 2015; 75:1255-63. [PMID: 25939591 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol with purported inhibitory effects on prostate growth and cancer development. A number of studies have demonstrated that resveratrol reduces prostate growth in animal models and reduces prostate cell growth in vitro. Based on these pre-clinical findings, interest in resveratrol is increasing in relation to the management of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. So far, no human trials have evaluated the effects of resveratrol on circulating androgens, prostate size, or biochemical markers of prostate size. METHODS In a randomized placebo controlled clinical study using two doses of resveratrol (150 mg or 1,000 mg resveratrol daily) for 4 months, we evaluated the effects on prostate size, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and sex steroid hormones in 66 middle-aged men suffering from the metabolic syndrome(MetS). RESULTS At baseline, prostate size and PSA were positively correlated (R = 0.34, P < 0.007) as was prostate size and age (R = 0.37, P < 0.003). Prostate size did not correlate with testosterone, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or any other androgen precursor at baseline. The highest dose of resveratrol lowered the serum level of androstenedione 24% (P = 0.052), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 41% (P < 0.01), and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) 50% (p<0.001), compared to the control group. However, prostate size and levels of PSA, testosterone, free testosterone and DHT remained unchanged. CONCLUSION In this population of middle-aged men suffering from MetS, high dose resveratrol (1,000 mg daily) administration for 4 months significantly lowered serum levels of the androgen precursors androstenedione, DHEA and DHEAS, whereas prostate size and circulating levels of PSA, testosterone, free testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone were unaffected. The present study suggests that resveratrol does not affect prostate volume in healthy middle-aged men as measured by PSA levels and CT acquired prostate volumes. Consequently, we find no support for the use of resveratrol in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nordstrøm Kjaer
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten Møller Poulsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David Michael Hougaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Arieh Sierra Cohen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Shadman Neghabat
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pedersen SF, Grøndal AK, Andersen NP, Hansen ESS, Dalager S, Bøtker HE, Kim WY, Pedersen SB. Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reduces Microvascular Obstruction and Intramyocardial Hemorrhagein a Porcine Ischemia-Reperfusion Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17140/hroj-2-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
46
|
Poulsen MM, Fjeldborg K, Ornstrup MJ, Kjær TN, Nøhr MK, Pedersen SB. Resveratrol and inflammation: Challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1124-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
47
|
Kjær TN, Thorsen K, Jessen N, Stenderup K, Pedersen SB. Resveratrol ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126599. [PMID: 25965695 PMCID: PMC4428792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The polyphenol resveratrol has anti-inflammatory effects in various cells, tissues, animals and human settings of low-grade inflammation. Psoriasis is a disease of both localized and systemic low-grade inflammation. The Sirtuin1 enzyme thought to mediate the effects of resveratrol is present in skin and resveratrol is known to down regulate NF-κB; an important contributor in the development of psoriasis. Consequently we investigated whether resveratrol has an effect on an Imiquimod induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice and sought to identify candidate genes, pathways and interleukins mediating the effects. Methods The study consisted of three treatment groups: A control group, an Imiquimod group and an Imiquimod+resveratrol group. Psoriasis severity was assessed using elements of the Psoriasis Area Severity Index, skin thickness measurements, and histological examination. We performed an RNA microarray from lesional skin and afterwards Ingenuity pathway analysis to identify affected signalling pathways. Our microarray was compared to a previously deposited microarray to determine if gene changes were psoriasis-like, and to a human microarray to determine if findings could be relevant in a human setting. Results Imiquimod treatment induced a psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Resveratrol significantly diminished the severity of the psoriasis-like skin inflammation. The RNA microarray revealed a psoriasis-like gene expression-profile in the Imiquimod treated group, and highlighted several resveratrol dependent changes in relevant genes, such as increased expression of genes associated with retinoic acid stimulation and reduced expression of genes involved in IL-17 dependent pathways. Quantitative PCR confirmed a resveratrol dependent decrease in mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-19; both central in developing psoriasis. Conclusions Resveratrol ameliorates psoriasis, and changes expression of retinoic acid stimulated genes, IL-17 signalling pathways, IL-17A and IL-19 mRNA levels in a beneficial manner, which suggests resveratrol, might have a role in the treatment of psoriasis and should be explored further in a human setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nordstrøm Kjær
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Kasper Thorsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Stenderup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Heebøll S, Thomsen KL, Clouston A, Sundelin EI, Radko Y, Christensen LP, Ramezani-Moghadam M, Kreutzfeldt M, Pedersen SB, Jessen N, Hebbard L, George J, Grønbæk H. Effect of resveratrol on experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
49
|
Søndergaard E, Gormsen LC, Christensen MH, Pedersen SB, Christiansen P, Nielsen S, Poulsen PL, Jessen N. Chronic adrenergic stimulation induces brown adipose tissue differentiation in visceral adipose tissue. Diabet Med 2015; 32:e4-8. [PMID: 25252000 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment of brown adipose tissue is a promising strategy to treat obesity and Type 2 diabetes, but the physiological effects of a large amount of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in humans are unknown. CASE REPORT In the present paper, we report a case of massive brown adipose tissue infiltration of the visceral adipose tissue depot in a person with Type 2 diabetes with a catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma. The patient was evaluated with [18F]-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography on three occasions: pre-therapy, during α-blockade and postoperatively. During surgery, biopsies of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained and evaluated for brown adipose tissue. At diagnosis, brown adipose tissue glucose uptake, assessed by [18F]-fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, was massively increased. [18F]-fludeoxyglucose uptake was confined to known locations for brown adipose tissue, with additional uptake in the visceral adipose tissue. As a result of increased thermogenesis, resting energy expenditure was doubled. After surgical removal of the tumour, antidiabetic medicine was no longer needed, despite an 8.2-kg weight gain. CONCLUSION These results show that human visceral adipose tissue holds an unprecedented potential for brown adipogenic differentiation; however, a detrimental effect on glucose metabolism persisted despite massive brown adipose tissue activity, with a doubling of resting energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Søndergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ornstrup MJ, Kjær TN, Harsløf T, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Hougaard DM, Cohen A, Pedersen SB, Langdahl BL. Adipose tissue, estradiol levels, and bone health in obese men with metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:205-16. [PMID: 25416724 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent studies have suggested that VAT negatively affects bone. However, MetS has also been associated with higher estradiol (E2) levels, which is bone protective. We therefore investigated the impact of VAT and E2 levels on bone density, structural parameters, and strength estimates. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in 72 obese men with MetS to investigate the impact of VAT and E2 levels on bone. METHODS Bone parameters were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and high-resolution peripheral QCT (HRpQCT) at lumbar spine, proximal femur, radius, and tibia. VAT volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sexual hormones were measured in blood samples. RESULTS Men with high VAT had a lower bone density at the hip (P<0.05), lower cortical thickness, and higher buckling ratio at femoral neck (FN) (P=0.008 and P=0.02), compared with men with low VAT, despite a similar body weight and BMI. Generally, E2 levels were low (median 43 pmol/l), and men with E2 levels below median had reduced bone density at lumbar spine (P=0.04), and impaired structural parameters at radius and tibia, compared with men with E2 levels above median. At the hip, VAT volume and E2 levels affected bone density independently and additively, and 50% of men with high VAT and low E2 levels had osteopenia with significantly lower T-score at FN (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS High VAT and low E2 negatively affect bone in obese men with MetS. VAT and E2 affect bone density at the hip independently and additively, revealing an unexpected high prevalence of osteopenia in middle-aged men with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nordstrøm Kjær
- Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - David Michael Hougaard
- Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Arieh Cohen
- Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark Department of EndocrinologyAarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, Entrance 3C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkThe MR Research CenterAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryImmunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|