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Von Behren J, Goldberg D, Hurley S, Clague DeHart J, Wang SS, Reynolds P. Prospective analysis of sleep characteristics, chronotype, and risk of breast cancer in the california teachers study. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:597-604. [PMID: 37940783 PMCID: PMC10960753 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor sleep quality and evening chronotype were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in a previous retrospective study in the California Teachers Study (CTS). The present analysis examines these sleep factors prospectively in the same cohort of women. METHODS From the CTS, we included 1,085 incident breast cancer cases and 38,470 cancer-free participants from 2012 through 2019. We calculated time at risk and used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and control for risk factors such as age, race, body mass index, family history of breast cancer, and reproductive history. The sleep factors examined were quality, latency, duration, disturbance, and sleep medication use, based on a shortened version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, as well as chronotype (preference for morning or evening activity). This analysis was limited to women who were post-menopausal at the time they answered these sleep-related questions. RESULTS Measures of sleep quality did not appear to be associated with subsequent breast cancer risk. The HR for evening chronotypes compared to morning chronotypes was somewhat elevated (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04, 1.36). CONCLUSION While the measures of sleep quality and duration were not associated with post-menopausal breast cancer risk in this prospective analysis, the modestly elevated risk observed for evening chronotypes was consistent with the prior retrospective analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Von Behren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Clague DeHart
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Lum HD, Fischer S, Ytell K, Scherer L, O’Leary ST, Elk R, Hurley S, Washington KT, DeCamp M. Elevating Home Health Aide Input in Co-Creation of COVID-19 Vaccine Messaging. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2023:10499091231218455. [PMID: 37991051 PMCID: PMC11109014 DOI: 10.1177/10499091231218455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Home health aides (HHAs) care for patients highly vulnerable to COVID-19 and are disproportionately women from minority communities that have been adversely impacted by COVID-19. Yet, direct care workers are less likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 compared to others. As the pandemic evolves, interest in vaccination may decrease suggesting the need for relevant vaccine messaging to HHAs. Objectives: (1) to describe HHAs and administrators' perspectives related to COVID-19 vaccination messaging, and (2) to co-design a Communication Toolkit to create COVID-19 vaccine messages. Methods: HHAs and administrators from 4 geographically diverse Palliative Care Research Cooperative (PCRC) hospice agencies were recruited for a multi-method process involving qualitative interviews (17 HHAs and 5 administrators), community engagement (CE) studios, and development of a Communication Toolkit. Interviews were guided by the PEN-3 conceptual framework to explore barriers and facilitators to vaccination. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Despite power differences, HHAs and administrators share a commitment to protecting patients affected by serious illness. HHAs desire vaccine messaging that includes personal narratives, good news about the vaccine, and facts about benefits and risks of the vaccine. Preferred message formats include the agency intranet, daily briefings, or "little seeds" (ie, short, high-impact information). Through the studios, HHAs provided input on a Toolkit prototype with messages tailored to the context of home care. Conclusions: Grounded in the commitment of HHAs and administrators to protecting vulnerable patients, we co-created an adaptable Communication Toolkit to address COVID-19 vaccination misinformation and mistrust among direct care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary D. Lum
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacy Fischer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kate Ytell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Scherer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean T. O’Leary
- Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases/Epidemiology and General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ronit Elk
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Karla T. Washington
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew DeCamp
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Heraghty F, Hurley S, Flynn N, Sheehan M, Wilson F, Kelleher M, Byrne A, Hourihane JOB. The ability of children and families with and without nut allergy to correctly identify nuts. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:959-962. [PMID: 37345277 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Heraghty
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Hurley
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Flynn
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Sheehan
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Wilson
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Kelleher
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Byrne
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J O B Hourihane
- Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Peach M, Milne J, Diegelmann L, Lamprecht H, Stander M, Lussier D, Pham C, Henneberry R, Fraser J, Chandra K, Howlett M, Mekwan J, Ramrattan B, Middleton J, van Hoving N, Taylor L, Dahn T, Hurley S, MacSween K, Richardson L, Stoica G, Hunter S, Olszynski P, Chandra K, Lewis D, Atkinson P. Does point-of-care ultrasonography improve diagnostic accuracy in emergency department patients with undifferentiated hypotension? An international randomized controlled trial from the SHOC-ED investigators. CAN J EMERG MED 2023; 25:48-56. [PMID: 36577931 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-022-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is an established tool in the management of hypotensive patients in the emergency department (ED). We compared the diagnostic accuracy of a POCUS protocol versus standard assessment without POCUS in patients with undifferentiated hypotension. METHODS This was an international, multicenter randomized controlled trial included three EDs in North America and three in South Africa from September 2012 to December 2016. Hypotensive patients were randomized to early POCUS protocol plus standard care (POCUS group) or standard care without POCUS (control group). Initial and secondary diagnoses were recorded at 0 and 60 min. The main outcome was measures of diagnostic accuracy of a POCUS protocol in differentiating between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic shock. Secondary outcomes were diagnostic performance for shock sub-types, as well as changes in perceived category of shock and overall diagnosis. RESULTS Follow-up was completed for 270 of 273 patients. For cardiogenic shock, the POCUS-based diagnostic approach (POCUS) performed similarly to the non-POCUS approach (control) for specificity [95.5% (89.9-98.5) vs.93.8% (87.7-97.5)]; positive likelihood ratio (17.92 vs 14.80); negative likelihood ratio (0.21 vs 0.09) and diagnostic odds ratio (85.6 vs 166.57), with a similar overall diagnostic accuracy between the two approaches [93.7% (88-97.2) vs 93.6% (87.8-97.2)]. Diagnostic performance measures were similar across sub-categories of shock. CONCLUSION This is the first randomized controlled trial to compare diagnostic performance of a POCUS protocol to standard care without POCUS in undifferentiated hypotensive ED patients. POCUS performed well diagnostically in undifferentiated hypotensive patients, especially as a rule-in test; however, performance did not differ meaningfully from standard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peach
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - J Milne
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Fraser Health Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L Diegelmann
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | - H Lamprecht
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Stander
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D Lussier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - C Pham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R Henneberry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, QEII, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J Fraser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
| | - K Chandra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John, NL, Canada
| | - M Howlett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John, NL, Canada
| | - J Mekwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John, NL, Canada
| | - B Ramrattan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John, NL, Canada
| | - J Middleton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John, NL, Canada
| | - N van Hoving
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Taylor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
| | - T Dahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, QEII, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - S Hurley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, QEII, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - K MacSween
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, QEII, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - L Richardson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, QEII, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - G Stoica
- Research Services, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Samuel Hunter
- Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Olszynski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - K Chandra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John, NL, Canada
| | - D Lewis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John, NL, Canada
| | - P Atkinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, 400 University Ave, Saint John, NB, NB E2L 4L2, Canada.
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada.
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John, NL, Canada.
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Beckman S, Silver E, Weinberg JL, Hurley S, Frederick M, Chan J, Reynolds P, Harrison R. Development of a Data Visualization Tool for Occupational Exposure to Chemicals of Concern for Breast Cancer Among California Working Women, 2010-2014. New Solut 2022; 31:400-412. [PMID: 34325565 DOI: 10.1177/10482911211032971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We identified the occupations that employ California women and a list of chemicals of concern for breast cancer. We evaluated the likelihood of on-the-job exposure to the categories of chemicals by occupation among formally and informally employed women. We selected 145 occupations representing more than 6.6 million women (85% of California working women), along with an additional sixteen occupations for informal workers only. We organized 1012 chemicals (including mammary gland carcinogens, developmental toxicants, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals) into twenty-five categories. More than 80 percent of occupations investigated had possible or probable exposure to at least one category of chemicals. This is the first categorization of occupational exposure to chemicals of concern for breast cancer among California working women. Our investigation revealed significant data gaps, which could be improved by policy changes resulting in enhanced collection of data on occupation and chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matt Frederick
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
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Wang SS, Zhong C, Epeldegui M, Nunes S, Magpantay L, DeHart JC, Hurley S, Goldberg D, Martinez E, Lacey JV, Martinez-Maza O, Reynolds P. Host characteristics associated with serologic inflammatory biomarkers in women. Cytokine 2022; 149:155726. [PMID: 34666235 PMCID: PMC8680201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that exposure to low-grade inflammation may be associated with adverse health outcomes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study within the California Teachers Study prospective cohort, among female participants who had completed a questionnaire that asked about their health behaviors (e.g., diabetes, physical activity, body mass index, medication use) and who had donated blood within a year of their questionnaire. 822 women with stored serum were evaluated for 16 immune biomarkers. In addition, four immune pathways were constructed: Th1, pro-inflammatory/macrophage activation, B-cell activation, and T-cell activation. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between host characteristics and immune biomarkers were assessed using logistic regression models. RESULT Compared to women of a normal BMI, obese women (>30 kg/m2) were positively associated with sTNFR2, CD27, IL6, CXCL13, sIL-2Rα, and IL6Ra levels above the median, with odds ratios ranging from 1.5 to 6.0. The pro-inflammatory/macrophage activation pathway was positively associated with diabetes (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.14-3.95), fueled by individual associations between diabetes and sTNF-R2, TNFα and sCD27. Physical activity was inversely associated with sTNF-R2, TNFα, CXCL13, IL6, IL10, and IFN-γ levels, particularly for the highest category of activity (5.88+ hours/week) (ORs = 0.32-0.69). In pathway-based analyses, the Th1 pathway which includes decreased levels of IL4 and IL10 was positively associated with elevated physical activity (OR = 1.5). In contrast, the pro-inflammatory, B- and T-cell activation pathways were positively associated with higher BMI (OR ranging from 1.6 to 3) and inversely associated with increasing levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Several host characteristics were associated with circulating levels of immune biomarkers, including markers of inflammation. Further understanding of associations between immune marker profiles with human disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Division of Health Analytics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Charlie Zhong
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Academy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Nunes
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Academy, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Hurley
- University of California San Francisco, CA, USA; Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, CA, USA
| | | | | | - James V Lacey
- Division of Health Analytics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Ding YC, Hurley S, Park JS, Steele L, Rakoff M, Zhu Y, Zhao J, LaBarge M, Bernstein L, Chen S, Reynolds P, Neuhausen SL. Methylation biomarkers of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and association with breast cancer risk at the time of menopause. Environ Int 2021; 156:106772. [PMID: 34425644 PMCID: PMC8385228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may influence risk of developing post-menopausal breast cancer. Although mechanisms are poorly understood, epigenetic regulation of gene expression may play a role. OBJECTIVES To identify DNA methylation (DNAm) changes associated with PBDE serum levels and test the association of these biomarkers with breast cancer risk. METHODS We studied 397 healthy women (controls) and 133 women diagnosed with breast cancer (cases) between ages 40 and 58 years who participated in the California Teachers Study. PBDE levels were measured in blood. Infinium Human Methylation EPIC Bead Chips were used to measure DNAm. Using multivariable linear regression models, differentially methylated CpG sites (DMSs) and regions (DMRs) associated with serum PBDE levels were identified using controls. For top-ranked DMSs and DMRs, targeted next-generation bisulfite sequencing was used to measure DNAm for 133 invasive breast cancer cases and 301 age-matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between DMSs and DMRs and breast cancer risk. RESULTS We identified 15 DMSs and 10 DMRs statistically significantly associated with PBDE levels (FDR < 0.05). Methylation changes in a DMS at BMP8B and DMRs at TP53 and A2M-AS1 were statistically significantly (FDR < 0.05) associated with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION We show for the first time that serum PBDE levels are associated with differential methylation and that PBDE-associated DNAm changes in blood are associated with breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Michele Rakoff
- Breast Cancer Care and Research Fund, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Solomon GM, Hurley S, Carpenter C, Young TM, English P, Reynolds P. Fire and Water: Assessing Drinking Water Contamination After a Major Wildfire. ACS ES T Water 2021; 1:1878-1886. [PMID: 34423333 PMCID: PMC8370107 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated patterns of volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination in drinking water systems affected by the California 2018 Camp Fire. We performed spatial analysis of over 5000 water samples collected over a 17 month period by a local water utility, sampled tap water for VOCs in approximately 10% (N = 136) of standing homes, and conducted additional nontargeted chemical analysis of 10 samples. Benzene contamination was present in 29% of service connections to destroyed structures and 2% of service connections to standing homes. A spatial pattern was apparent. Tap water in standing homes 11 months after the fire contained low concentrations of benzene in 1% of samples, but methylene chloride was present in 19% of samples, including several above regulatory limits. Elevated methylene chloride was associated with greater distance from the water meter to the tap, longer stagnation time, and the presence of a destroyed structure on the service connection; it was inversely associated with certain trihalomethanes. Nontargeted analysis identified multiple combustion byproducts in the water at 2/10 homes. Our findings support the hypothesis that pyrolysis and smoke intrusion from depressurization contributed to the benzene contamination. Further research is needed to test the hypothesis that methylene chloride may be generated from the dehalogenation of disinfection byproducts stagnating in galvanized iron pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Solomon
- Public Health Institute,
Oakland, California 94607, United States
| | - Susan Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
University of California San Francisco, Berkeley, California
94704, United States
| | - Catherine Carpenter
- Tracking California, Public Health
Institute, Oakland, California 94607, United
States
| | - Thomas M. Young
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616,
United States
| | - Paul English
- Tracking California, Public Health
Institute, Oakland, California 94607, United
States
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
University of California San Francisco, Berkeley, California
94704, United States
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11
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Von Behren J, Hurley S, Goldberg D, Clague DeHart J, Wang S, Reynolds P. Chronotype and risk of post-menopausal endometrial cancer in the California Teachers Study. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1151-1161. [PMID: 33902365 PMCID: PMC9172273 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1912073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Working at night causes circadian disruption and it has been classified as a probable carcinogen. An evening chronotype, or preference for late day activity, has been shown to increase risk for several adverse health effects, such as metabolic disorders and recently, breast cancer. To further explore this emerging area of interest, we examined the association between endometrial cancer (EC) risk, another common cancer in women, and chronotype. The women in this study were members of the California Teachers Study cohort, which was established in 1995. Chronotype was reported on a subsequent questionnaire (Q5), administered in 2012-2013. The women included in this analysis were under age 90 years, were post-menopausal at Q5, and had no hysterectomy. The cancer cases, identified through linkages to the California Cancer Registry, were diagnosed between 1996 and 2014. We used unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between chronotype and EC diagnosis. There were 437 EC cases and 26,753 cancer-free controls included in this analysis. Controls were more likely to classify themselves as current morning chronotypes than were cases (39% and 34%, respectively). Compared to morning types, women who were definite evening types had a statistically significantly elevated OR of 1.44 (95% CI 1.09-1.91). This association was more pronounced among obese women as compared to non-obese women. For evening type compared to morning type, the OR among obese women was 2.01 (95% CI 1.23, 3.29) while the OR for non-obese women was 1.12 (95% CI 0.77, 1.63). To our knowledge, the association between EC risk and evening chronotype has not been previously reported, but is consistent with the small body of literature which suggests increased breast cancer risks among evening chronotypes. Because this study was based on a retrospective analysis in a cohort of mostly white female teachers in California, further analysis of chronotype as a potential EC risk factor should be considered in other cohorts and in prospective analyses in order to further explore this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Von Behren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Clague DeHart
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - S Wang
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - P Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Lee HC, Metheny MM, Viliani S, Bennett DC, Hurley S, Kang I. Effects of subzero saline chilling on broiler chilling efficiency, meat quality, and microbial safety. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5158-5162. [PMID: 32988555 PMCID: PMC7598318 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry has attempted to improve carcass chilling efficiency, meat quality, and product safety. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of subzero saline chilling on carcass chilling, breast fillet tenderness, and microbial safety. After evisceration, broiler carcasses were chilled using ice slurry control (0% NaCl/0.5°C) or subzero saline solutions (3% NaCl/-1.8°C and 4% NaCl/-2.41°C). Broiler carcasses in the subzero saline solutions were chilled efficiently and reduced the chilling time by 11% in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C and 37% in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C over the ice slurry chilling. The breast fillets of broiler carcasses in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C were significantly tenderized than those in water control (P < 0.05), with an intermediate value observed in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C. Before chilling, broiler carcasses possessed mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms for 3.81, 0.78, and 1.86 log cfu/g, respectively, which were significantly reduced after chilling in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C or 4% NaCl/-2.41°C solution over the water control (P < 0.05), except the mesophilic aerobic bacteria. Based on these results, chilling of boiler carcass in 4% NaCl/-1.8°C solution appears to improve carcass chilling efficiency, meat tenderness, and bacterial reduction for E. coli and total coliforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lee
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - M M Metheny
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - S Viliani
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - D C Bennett
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - S Hurley
- Department of Agribusiness, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - I Kang
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
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13
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Concin N, Gonzalez Martin A, Vergote I, Pignata S, Harter P, Patel M, Gunderson C, Wride K, Lepley D, Dusek R, Go J, Hurley S, Cameron T, Hamilton E. 885TiP LIO-1: A phase II study of lucitanib + nivolumab in patients (pts) with gynaecological tumours (CO-3810-101; NCT04042116; ENGOT-GYN3/AGO/LIO). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Messaraa C, Richard TJC, Walsh M, Doyle L, O’Connor C, Robertson N, Mansfield A, Hurley S, Mavon A, Grenz A. Perceived age and perceived health among a Chinese cohort: Does it mean the same thing? Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:471-481. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Messaraa
- Oriflame R&D Bray Business Park, Kilruddery BrayA98 Y6W0Ireland
| | - T. J. C. Richard
- Oriflame Skin Research InstituteOriflame Cosmetics AB Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm11121Sweden
| | - M. Walsh
- Oriflame R&D Bray Business Park, Kilruddery BrayA98 Y6W0Ireland
| | - L. Doyle
- Oriflame R&D Bray Business Park, Kilruddery BrayA98 Y6W0Ireland
| | - C. O’Connor
- Oriflame R&D Bray Business Park, Kilruddery BrayA98 Y6W0Ireland
| | - N. Robertson
- Oriflame R&D Bray Business Park, Kilruddery BrayA98 Y6W0Ireland
| | - A. Mansfield
- Oriflame R&D Bray Business Park, Kilruddery BrayA98 Y6W0Ireland
| | - S. Hurley
- Oriflame R&D Bray Business Park, Kilruddery BrayA98 Y6W0Ireland
| | - A. Mavon
- Oriflame Skin Research InstituteOriflame Cosmetics AB Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm11121Sweden
| | - A. Grenz
- Oriflame Global insightOriflame Cosmetics AB Mäster Samuelsgatan 56 Stockholm11121Sweden
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15
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Santos BM, David RB, Andrade CAF, Vendramini R, Hurley S, Menani JV, Johnson AK, De Luca LA. Reciprocal interactions between sodium appetite and need-free sugar intake. Appetite 2020; 155:104822. [PMID: 32795566 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization occurs during sodium appetite (expressed as sodium intake to compensate for depleted sodium) and need-free sodium intake (expressed as daily overnight sodium intake in excess of dietary sodium need). Previously, we found that a slow-onset sodium appetite protocol cross-sensitized need-free sucrose intake in sucrose-naïve adult rats. That is, a history of sodium depletion elevated later sucrose intake. The objective of the present work was, first, to investigate whether a protocol that evokes a rapid-onset (within 2 h) sodium appetite using furosemide along with a low dose captopril (Furo/Cap), also cross-sensitizes sucrose intake. Then, we investigated whether 1) sensitization of need-free 0.3 M NaCl intake interacts with need-free sucrose intake, and 2) MK-801, a glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, inhibits cross-sensitization of sucrose intake. Groups received 3-4 Furo/Cap or vehicle treatments with 48/72-h intervals. We investigated sucrose intake in hydrated and fed conditions for 2 h/day for 5 days, starting 6-10 days after the last Furo/Cap treatment. Episodes of Furo/Cap sensitized need-free sodium intake, as expected. Similar to our prior work, the rapid-onset Furo/Cap protocol cross-sensitized sucrose intake in sucrose-naïve rats and had no persistent effect on blood biochemistry. MK-801 treatment along with Furo/Cap injections appeared to prevent cross-sensitization of sucrose consumption. Sucrose intake tests unexpectedly reduced sensitized need-free sodium intake. However, MK-801 treatment allowed a rebound in need-free sodium intake subsequent to the last sucrose intake test. The results suggest that plasticity in glutamatergic mechanisms mediate inverse and reciprocal interactions between the production of sodium appetite and sucrose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - R B David
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Ceará, CE, Brazil
| | - C A F Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - R Vendramini
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - S Hurley
- Department of Psychology and Department of Pharmacology and Health and Human Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - J V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - A K Johnson
- Department of Psychology and Department of Pharmacology and Health and Human Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - L A De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Gill R, Hurley S, Brown R, Tarrant D, Dhaliwal J, Sarala R, Park JS, Patton S, Petreas M. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether and Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Canadian Fire Station Dust. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126669. [PMID: 32464780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fire fighters are at a high risk for exposure to toxic chemicals during and subsequent to fire suppression activities. In the Canadian Fire Station Dust Study (CFSDS) we measured 19 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and six organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) chemicals in dust collected in 2017-18 by vacuuming the living quarters of 24 Canadian fire stations from four provinces. The predominant flame retardant (FR) was BDE-209, with a median concentration of 7060 ng/g, which was a magnitude higher than medians of the major congeners of the pentaBDE formulation measured at 620 ng/g (Σ5 BDE-47, 99, 100, 153 and 154). OPFR median concentrations exceeded those of pentaBDE and were on the same order of magnitude as BDE-209, with TCIPP, TDCIPP and TPHP as the dominant OPFRs with median concentrations ranging from 2350 to 4780 ng/g. Fire station age and carpeting were significantly correlated with select OPFRs and PBDEs. Furthermore, fire stations that also vacuumed equipment bays and fire truck interiors had median concentrations that were a magnitude higher (BDE-209: 81,700 ng/g) and two to three-fold higher (TCIPP, TDCIPP and TPHP) than fire stations that excluded those areas. FR concentrations in CFSDS dust were higher but on the same order of magnitude as Canadian residential dust and significantly lower than dust collected from Canadian WEEE dismantling. CFSDS FR concentrations were also significantly lower than those we reported in our 2015 U.S. fire station dust. Our data reflect the downward trend of PBDEs following their phase out and a shift toward OPFRs as replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Gill
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Susan Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Reber Brown
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Darcy Tarrant
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joginder Dhaliwal
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roshni Sarala
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sharyle Patton
- Biomonitoring Resource Center, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
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17
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Reynolds P, Canchola AJ, Duffy CN, Hurley S, Neuhausen SL, Horn-Ross PL, Rull RP. Urinary cadmium and timing of menarche and pubertal development in girls. Environ Res 2020; 183:109224. [PMID: 32085996 PMCID: PMC8758186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a developmental toxicant that is released into the environment during industrial processes. Previous animal studies suggest that Cd may impact the onset of puberty. OBJECTIVES To determine whether Cd exposure, measured as urinary Cd concentration, was associated with ages at menarche and pubertal development. METHODS A cohort of 211 girls, ages 10-13 years at baseline, was followed for up to two years. Girls completed an interview and self-assessment of Tanner stages of breast development and pubic hair growth. They were followed monthly until menarche. Urinary Cd concentrations were measured in overnight urine specimens. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between urinary Cd and age at menarche and cumulative logit regression was used to evaluate the associations between urinary Cd and breast development and pubic hair growth. RESULTS The baseline geometric mean creatinine-adjusted Cd concentration was 0.22 μg/g creatinine (geometric standard deviation = 1.6) and decreased with increasing age (p-trend = 0.04). Cd levels were higher among Asian than White girls or girls of other/mixed race/ethnicity (p = 0.04). In multivariable analyses, girls with urinary Cd ≥ 0.4 μg/L were less likely to have attained menarche than girls with urinary Cd < 0.2 μg/L (hazard ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.78). Urinary Cd was negatively associated with pubic hair growth (p-trend = 0.01) but not with breast development (p-trend = 0.72) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a higher Cd body burden may delay some aspects of pubertal development among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alison J Canchola
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine N Duffy
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Rudolph P Rull
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA; School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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18
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Galbraith S, Park S, Huang Z, Liu H, Meyer R, Metzger M, Flamm M, Hurley S, Yoon S. Linking process variables to residence time distribution in a hybrid flowsheet model for continuous direct compression. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Metheny MM, Lee HC, Viliani S, Bennett DC, Hurley S, Kang I. Improvement of chilling efficiency and meat tenderness of broiler carcasses using subzero saline solutions. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4190-4195. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Von Behren J, Clague DeHart J, Wang S, Reynolds P. Chronotype and postmenopausal breast cancer risk among women in the California Teachers Study. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1504-1514. [PMID: 31452403 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1658113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype is the behavioral manifestation of an individual's underlying circadian rhythm, generally characterized by one's propensity to sleep at a particular time during the 24 hour cycle. Evening chronotypes ("night owls") generally suffer from worse physical and mental health compared to morning chronotypes ("morning larks") - for reasons that have yet to be explained. One hypothesis is that evening chronotypes may be more susceptible to circadian disruption, a condition where the coordinated timing of biologic processes breaks down. The role of chronotype as an independent or modifying risk factor for cancer has not been widely explored. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the risk of breast cancer associated with chronotype in a case-control study nested within the California Teachers Study (CTS) cohort. The study population consisted of 39686 post-menopausal CTS participants who provided information on chronotype by completing a questionnaire in 2012-2013. 2719 cases of primary invasive breast cancer diagnosed from 1995/1996 through completion of the chronotype questionnaire were identified by linkage of the CTS to the California Cancer Registry. 36967 CTS participants who had remained cancer-free during this same time period served as controls. Chronotype was ascertained by responses to an abbreviated version of the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and was characterized into five categories: definite morning, more morning than evening, neither morning or evening, more evening than morning, definite evening. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for each of the chronotypes, adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors. Compared to definite morning types, definite evening types had an increased risk of breast cancer with elevated ORs that were statistically significant in both the crude (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10-1.40) and fully-adjusted models (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35). The risk estimates in the fully-adjusted model for all other chronotypes did not significantly differ from one. These results suggest that evening chronotype may be an independent risk factor for breast cancer among a population of women who are not known to have engaged in any substantial night shift work. Further research in other populations of non-shift workers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Julie Von Behren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jessica Clague DeHart
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University , Claremont , CA , USA
| | - Sophia Wang
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
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21
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Perkins RG, Slavin EI, Andrade TMC, Blenkinsopp C, Pearson P, Froggatt T, Godwin G, Parslow J, Hurley S, Luckwell R, Wain DJ. Managing taste and odour metabolite production in drinking water reservoirs: The importance of ammonium as a key nutrient trigger. J Environ Manage 2019; 244:276-284. [PMID: 31128332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Taste and odour (T&O) compounds (most commonly 2-MIB and Geosmin) in drinking water are becoming an increasingly global problem for water management. Here, the trigger(s) for 2-MIB and Geosmin production were investigated in Plas Uchaf reservoir (North Wales, UK) with detailed water sample analysis between 2015 and 2016. Historical abstraction data from this reservoir and 4 reservoirs in Somerset (England, UK) were compared statistically using Self-Organising Map (SOM) analysis. In-reservoir measurements (2015-2016) revealed an 85% reduction in ammonium from the primary external loading source led to lower 2-MIB and Geosmin concentrations, with peak concentrations of 2-MIB declining from 60 to 21 ng l-1 and Geosmin declining from 140 to 18 ng l-1. No other measured water chemistry parameter showed a significant difference between years. The SOM results support the in-reservoir findings, revealing 2-MIB and Geosmin to be associated with high ammonium relative to nitrate for all 5 reservoirs. We conclude that ammonium is key for stimulating cyanobacterial productivity and production of T&O compounds. Whilst it is well understood that adequate availability of phosphorus is required for rapid growth in cyanobacteria, and hence should still be considered in management decisions, we suggest that monitoring sources and concentrations of ammonium is key for managing T&O outbreaks in drinking water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Perkins
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK; Catchment Team, Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water, Pentwyn Road, Nelson, Treharris, Wales, CF46 6LY, UK
| | - E I Slavin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton, Bath, England, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - T M C Andrade
- Catchment Team, Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water, Pentwyn Road, Nelson, Treharris, Wales, CF46 6LY, UK
| | - C Blenkinsopp
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton, Bath, England, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - P Pearson
- Head of Water Services Science, Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water, Pentwyn Road, Nelson, Treharris, Wales, CF46 6LY, UK
| | - T Froggatt
- Catchment Team, Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water, Pentwyn Road, Nelson, Treharris, Wales, CF46 6LY, UK
| | - G Godwin
- Catchment Team, Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water, Pentwyn Road, Nelson, Treharris, Wales, CF46 6LY, UK
| | - J Parslow
- Catchment Team, Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water, Pentwyn Road, Nelson, Treharris, Wales, CF46 6LY, UK
| | - S Hurley
- Wessex Water, Operations Centre, Claverton Down Road, Claverton, Bath, BA2 7WW, UK
| | - R Luckwell
- Bristol Water Plc., Bridgwater Road, Bristol, BS13 7AT, UK
| | - D J Wain
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton, Bath, England, BA2 7AY, UK
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen SL, Nelson DO, Reynolds P. A breast cancer case-control study of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) serum levels among California women. Environ Int 2019; 127:412-419. [PMID: 30954728 PMCID: PMC6522143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are among the most persistent and pervasive global environmental contaminants. Their toxic and endocrine-disrupting properties have made them a focus of concern for breast cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of breast cancer associated with serum PBDE levels in a case-control study nested within the California Teachers Study. METHODS Participants were 902 women with invasive breast cancer (cases) and 936 with no such diagnosis (controls) who provided 10 mL of blood and were interviewed between 2011 and 2015. Blood samples were collected from cases an average of 35 months after diagnosis. PBDEs were measured in serum using automated solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were restricted to the three congeners with detection frequencies ≥75%: 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each BDE congener, adjusting for serum lipids and other potential confounders. RESULTS The OR for each of the three BDE congeners was close to unity with a CI that included one. Analyses stratified by menopausal status, tumor hormone responsiveness, BMI, and changes in body weight yielded similarly null results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide no evidence that serum levels of BDE-47, BDE-100 or BDE-153 are associated with breast cancer risk. These results should be interpreted in the context of study limitations which include the reliance on PBDE measurements that may not represent pre-diagnostic, early-life or chronic exposures and a lack of information on genetic polymorphisms and other factors which may affect endogenous estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David O Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, CA, USA
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Nelson DO, Reynolds P. Breast cancer risk and serum levels of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: a case-control study nested in the California Teachers Study. Environ Health 2018; 17:83. [PMID: 30482205 PMCID: PMC6260688 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large family of synthetic chemicals, some of which are mammary toxicants and endocrine disruptors. Their potential as breast carcinogens is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of breast cancer associated with serum PFAS concentrations in a nested case-control study within the California Teachers Study. METHODS Participants were 902 women with invasive breast cancer (cases) and 858 with no such diagnosis (controls) who provided 10 mL of blood and were interviewed during 2011-2015, an average of 35 months after case diagnosis. PFASs were measured using automated online SPE-HPLC-MS/MS methods. Statistical analyses were restricted to six PFASs with detection frequencies ≥ 95%: PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid), PFNA (Perfluorononanoic acid), PFUnDA (Perfluoroundecanoic acid), PFHxS (Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid), PFOS (Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid), and MeFOSAA (2-(N-Methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs), estimating the breast cancer risk associated with each PFAS. RESULTS For all cases of invasive breast cancer, none of the adjusted ORs were statistically significant but marginally significant ORs < 1.0 were observed for PFUnDA and PFHxS (p-trend = 0.08). Adjusted ORs < 1.0 for PFUnDA and PFHxS were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) among the 107 cases with hormone-negative tumors but not the 743 with hormone-positive tumors. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings do not provide evidence that serum PFAS levels measured after diagnosis are related to breast cancer risk. The few inverse associations found may be due to chance or may be artifacts of study design. Future studies should incorporate information about genetic susceptibility, endogenous estrogen levels, and measurements of PFASs prior to diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, 94704, California, USA.
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, 94704, California, USA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David O Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, 94704, California, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Messaraa C, Metois A, Walsh M, Hurley S, Doyle L, Mansfield A, O'Connor C, Mavon A. Wrinkle and roughness measurement by the Antera 3D and its application for evaluation of cosmetic products. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:359-366. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Messaraa
- Oriflame Research and Development Bray Ireland
| | - A. Metois
- Oriflame Research and Development Bray Ireland
| | - M. Walsh
- Oriflame Research and Development Bray Ireland
| | - S. Hurley
- Oriflame Research and Development Bray Ireland
| | - L. Doyle
- Oriflame Research and Development Bray Ireland
| | | | - C. O'Connor
- Oriflame Research and Development Bray Ireland
| | - A. Mavon
- Oriflame Skin Research InstituteOriflame Cosmetics AB Stockholm Sweden
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Nelson DO, Reynolds P. Time Trends in Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in California Women: Declining Serum Levels, 2011-2015. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:277-287. [PMID: 29198103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
After several decades of widespread use, some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were phased-out of use due to concerns raised by their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties. Our objective was to evaluate temporal trends in serum PFAS levels among 1257 middle-aged and older California women (ages 40-94) during a four year period, beginning approximately 5-10 years after these phase-outs began. An online SPE-HPLC-MS/MS was used to measure 10 long-chain PFASs in serum from blood collected cross-sectionally during 2011-2015 from a subset of participants in the California Teachers Study. Results from multivariable linear regression analyses indicated that serum concentrations of nearly all PFASs declined on average 10% to 20% per year. Serum levels of perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) did not significantly decline. With the exception of PFHxS, the downward trend in serum concentrations was evident for all PFASs across all ages, although declines were comparatively steeper among the oldest women. These findings suggest that the phase-out of some common PFASs has resulted in reduced human exposures to them. The lack of a decline for PFHxS suggests that these exposures may be ongoing and underscores the importance of continued biomonitoring and research efforts to elucidate current pathways of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory , Berkeley, California, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory , Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory , Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , Duarte, California, United States
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine , Irvine, California, United States
| | - David O Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Berkeley, California 94704, United States
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California, United States
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Clarke CA, McKinley M, Hurley S, Haile RW, Glaser SL, Keegan TH, Swetter SM. Continued Increase in Melanoma Incidence across all Socioeconomic Status Groups in California, 1998–2012. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2282-2290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wojewodka G, Hurley S, Taylor SJC, Noble AJ, Ridsdale L, Goldstein LH. Implementation fidelity of a self-management course for epilepsy: method and assessment. BMC Med Res Methodol 2017; 17:100. [PMID: 28697723 PMCID: PMC5504680 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex interventions such as self-management courses are difficult to evaluate due to the many interacting components. The way complex interventions are delivered can influence the effect they have for patients, and can impact the interpretation of outcomes of clinical trials. Implementation fidelity evaluates whether complex interventions are delivered according to protocol. Such assessments have been used for one-to-one psychological interventions; however, the science is still developing for group interventions. METHODS We developed and tested an instrument to measure implementation fidelity of a two-day self-management course for people with epilepsy, SMILE(UK). Using audio recordings, we looked at adherence and competence of course facilitators. Adherence was assessed by checklists. Competence was measured by scoring group interaction, an overall impression score and facilitator "didacticism". To measure "didacticism", we developed a novel way to calculate facilitator speech using computer software. Using this new instrument, implementation fidelity of SMILE(UK) was assessed on three modules of the course, for 28% of all courses delivered. RESULTS Using the instrument for adherence, scores from two independent raters showed substantial agreement with weighted Kappa of 0.67 and high percent agreement of 81.2%. For didacticism, the results from both raters were highly correlated with an intraclass coefficient of 0.97 (p < 0.0001). We found that the courses were delivered with a good level of adherence (> 50% of scored items received the maximum of 2 points) and high competence. Groups were interactive (mean score: 1.9-2.0 out of 2) and the overall impression was on average assessed as "good". Didacticism varied from 42% to 93% of total module time and was not associated with the other competence scores. CONCLUSION The instrument devised to measure implementation fidelity was reproducible and easy to use. The courses for the SMILE(UK) study were delivered with a good level of adherence to protocol while not compromising facilitator competence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN57937389 .
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wojewodka
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - S Hurley
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - S J C Taylor
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A J Noble
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L Ridsdale
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - L H Goldstein
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. .,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, PO 77, The Henry Wellcome Building, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Nelson DO, Guo W, Wang Y, Baek HG, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Reynolds P. Temporal Evaluation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Serum Levels in Middle-Aged and Older California Women, 2011-2015. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:4697-4704. [PMID: 28304169 PMCID: PMC5526086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In response to health concerns and widespread human exposures, two widely used commercial formulations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were banned in the United States in 2005. Initial biomonitoring data have provided early indications of reduced human exposures since these bans took effect. Our objective was to evaluate temporal trends in PBDE serum levels among a population of older California women during a four-year period, beginning approximately five years after these formulations were banned. Automated solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry were used to measure PBDE levels in blood collected during 2011-2015 among 1253 women (ages 40-94) participating in the California Teachers Study. Only congeners with detection frequencies (DF) ≥ 75% were included in the present analysis: BDE-47 (DF = 88%); BDE-100 (DF = 78%); and BDE-153 (DF = 80%). Results from age- and race/ethnicity-adjusted linear regression analyses indicated modest, but statistically significant, average annual percent increases in the serum concentrations of all three PBDEs over the four-year study period. While not without limitations, these results, in the context of other biomonitoring data, suggest that earlier reported declines in PBDE levels may have plateaued and may now be starting to increase. Further biomonitoring to ascertain current trends and determinants of population exposures is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (510) 608-5189; fax: (510) 666-0693;
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - David O. Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Weihong Guo
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
| | - Hyoung-Gee Baek
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Hurley S, Hertz A, Nelson DO, Layefsky M, Von Behren J, Bernstein L, Deapen D, Reynolds P. Tracing a Path to the Past: Exploring the Use of Commercial Credit Reporting Data to Construct Residential Histories for Epidemiologic Studies of Environmental Exposures. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:238-246. [PMID: 28073765 PMCID: PMC5860230 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale environmental epidemiologic studies often rely on exposure estimates based on linkage to residential addresses. This approach, however, is limited by the lack of residential histories typically available for study participants. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using address data from LexisNexis (a division of RELX, Inc., Dayton, Ohio), a commercially available credit reporting company, to construct residential histories for participants in the California Teachers Study (CTS), a prospective cohort study initiated in 1995–1996 to study breast cancer (n = 133,479). We evaluated the degree to which LexisNexis could provide retrospective addresses prior to study enrollment, as well as the concordance with existing prospective CTS addresses ascertained at the time of the completion of 4 self-administered questionnaires. For approximately 80% of CTS participants, LexisNexis provided at least 1 retrospective address, including nearly 25,000 addresses completely encompassed by time periods prior to enrollment. This approach more than doubled the proportion of the study population for whom we had an address of residence during the childbearing years—an important window of susceptibility for breast cancer risk. While overall concordance between the prospective addresses contained in these 2 data sources was good (85%), it was diminished among black women and women under the age of 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Correspondence to Susan Hurley, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA 94704 (e-mail: )
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Abstract
Purpose. This study describes the prevalence and patterns of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in a large, well-defined cohort of professional, female school employees in California. Design. This is a cross-sectional study based on survey responses from members of the California Teachers Study (CTS) cohort. Subjects. The analyses focused on lifetime nonsmokers (N = 61,899) in the CTS cohort who responded to detailed questions on lifetime ETS exposures in the home, workplace, and other social settings. Measures. Demographic characteristics, smoking status, and ETS exposure were based on self-reported data from two mailed surveys. Prevalence estimates within the cohort were compared with those from the California Behavioral Risk Factor Survey and the California Adult Tobacco Survey. Results. ETS exposures were highest for never smokers born in the 1930s (78% in the home, 66% in the workplace, and 48% in other social settings) and steadily declined among participants born in later years. ETS exposure from spousal smoking peaked during the 1950s (37%). In the 1980s, the workplace (28%) replaced the household (19%) as the primary exposure setting. Conclusions. Consideration of these patterns in the prevalence of ETS exposures is important in the interpretation and design of tobacco-related health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Reynolds
- Environmental Epidemiology Section, California Department of Health Services, Environmental Health Investigations Branch, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
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Martínez ME, Anderson K, Murphy JD, Hurley S, Canchola AJ, Keegan THM, Cheng I, Clarke CA, Glaser SL, Gomez SL. Differences in marital status and mortality by race/ethnicity and nativity among California cancer patients. Cancer 2016; 122:1570-8. [PMID: 27065455 PMCID: PMC5523959 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been observed that married cancer patients have lower mortality rates than unmarried patients, but data for different racial/ethnic groups are scarce. The authors examined the risk of overall mortality associated with marital status across racial/ethnic groups and sex in data from the California Cancer Registry. METHODS California Cancer Registry data for all first primary invasive cancers diagnosed from 2000 through 2009 for the 10 most common sites of cancer-related death for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), blacks, Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs), and Hispanics were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for marital status in relation to overall mortality by race/ethnicity and sex. The study cohort included 393,470 male and 389,697 female cancer patients and 204,007 and 182,600 deaths from all causes, respectively, through December 31, 2012. RESULTS All-cause mortality was higher in unmarried patients than in married patients, but there was significant variation by race/ethnicity. Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) ranged from 1.24 (95% CI, 1.23-1.26) in NHWs to 1.11 (95% CI, 1.07-1.15) in APIs among males and from 1.17 (95% CI, 1.15-1.18) in NHWs to 1.07 (95% CI, 1.04-1.11) in APIs among females. All-cause mortality associated with unmarried status compared with married status was higher in US-born API and Hispanic men and women relative to their foreign-born counterparts. CONCLUSIONS For patients who have the cancers that contribute most to mortality, being unmarried is associated with worse overall survival compared with being married, with up to 24% higher mortality among NHW males but only 6% higher mortality among foreign-born Hispanic and API females. Future research should pursue the identification of factors underlying these associations to inform targeted interventions for unmarried cancer patients. Cancer 2016;122:1570-8. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Martínez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristin Anderson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James D Murphy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
| | | | - Theresa H M Keegan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Christina A Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Sally L Glaser
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Scarlett L Gomez
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
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Gomez SL, Hurley S, Canchola AJ, Keegan THM, Cheng I, Murphy JD, Clarke CA, Glaser SL, Martínez ME. Effects of marital status and economic resources on survival after cancer: A population-based study. Cancer 2016; 122:1618-25. [PMID: 27065317 PMCID: PMC5558592 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although married cancer patients have more favorable survival than unmarried patients, reasons underlying this association are not fully understood. The authors evaluated the role of economic resources, including health insurance status and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), in a large California cohort. METHODS From the California Cancer Registry, we identified 783,167 cancer patients (386,607 deaths) who were diagnosed during 2000 through 2009 with a first primary, invasive cancer of the 10 most common sites of cancer-related death for each sex and were followed through 2012. Age-stratified and stage-stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality associated with marital status, adjusted for cancer site, race/ethnicity, and treatment. RESULTS Compared with married patients, unmarried patients had an elevated risk of mortality that was higher among males (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.26-1.29) than among females (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.18-1.20; Pinteraction < .001). Adjustment for insurance status and nSES reduced the marital status HRs to 1.22 for males and 1.15 for females. There was some evidence of synergistic effects of marital status, insurance, and nSES, with relatively higher risks observed for unmarried status among those who were under-insured and living in high nSES areas compared with those who were under-insured and living in low nSES areas (Pinteraction = 6.8 × 10(-9) among males and 8.2 × 10(-8) among females). CONCLUSIONS The worse survival of unmarried than married cancer patients appears to be minimally explained by differences in economic resources. Cancer 2016;122:1618-25. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
| | | | - Theresa H. M. Keegan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - James D. Murphy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christina A. Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Sally L. Glaser
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - María Elena Martínez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Liu R, Nelson DO, Hurley S, Petreas M, Park JS, Wang Y, Guo W, Bernstein L, Hertz A, Reynolds P. Association between Serum Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Levels and Residential Proximity to Solid-Waste Facilities. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:3945-53. [PMID: 26906616 PMCID: PMC5102683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As consumer products treated with polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) reach the end of their life cycle, they often are discarded into solid-waste facilities, offering a potential reservoir for exposure. The likelihood of exposures to PBDEs by residents living near those sites rarely has been explored. This study collected blood samples from 923 female participants in the California Teachers Study in 2011-2013 and examined the association between participants' residential proximity to solid-waste facilities with potential release of PBDEs and serum levels of three congeners (BDE-47, BDE-100, and BDE-153). General linear regression analysis was used to examine the association, adjusting for age, race, body-mass index, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and urban residency. Compared to participants living >10 km from any selected site, those living within 2 km had 45% higher BDE-47 (95% CI: 5-100%) and BDE-100 (95% CI: 0-109%) levels, and those living between 2 and 10 km had 35% higher BDE-47 (95% CI: 0-82%) and 29% higher BDE-100 (95% CI: -9 to 82%) levels. No associations were found for BDE-153. Living close to some solid waste sites may be related to higher serum BDE-47 and BDE-100 levels. Studies with comprehensive exposure assessments are needed to confirm these initial observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Liu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA,
USA
| | - David O. Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA,
USA
| | - Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA,
USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California
Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California
Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California
Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California
Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research
Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Hertz
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA,
USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA,
USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of
Health Research and Policy, Stanford, CA, USA
- Corresponding Author: Peggy Reynolds, Cancer
Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA
94704, , Office phone: (510) 608-5180 Fax:
(510) 666-0693
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Quach T, Liu R, Nelson DO, Hurley S, Von Behren J, Hertz A, Reynolds P. Disaggregating data on Asian American and Pacific Islander women to provide new insights on potential exposures to hazardous air pollutants in California. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 23:2218-28. [PMID: 25368397 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) population is heterogeneous and rapidly growing in the United States, with a high proportion concentrated in California. Although traditionally assumed to have lower rates of breast cancer than non-Hispanic white women, recent studies have suggested considerable variation in incidence by AAPI ethnic group, with rates in some exceeding those in non-Hispanic whites. The potential role of environmental toxicants has not been well explored and may provide insights into these patterns. METHODS We created an exposure potential index (EPI) score for 24 hazardous air pollutants modeled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment considered to be mammary gland carcinogens, and compared values at the census tract level for "geographically concentrated" AAPI groups throughout the State. "Geographically concentrated" populations were defined as census tracts with at least 100 individuals from a specified racial/ethnic population as enumerated by the 2000 Census. RESULTS Although EPI scores differed little between census tracts with aggregated AAPI (mean EPI = 0.53) and non-Hispanic white women (mean EPI = 0.63), there was substantial variation between tracts for disaggregated AAPI groups, with notably higher EPI scores for tracts enumerated for Korean or Japanese women (mean EPI of 0.78 and 0.77, respectively) compared with other AAPI groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the importance of disaggregating data for the heterogeneous AAPI population to identify differences in potential environmental exposures across groups. IMPACT Future cancer etiology studies should examine environmental exposure differences within and across groups for the diverse AAPI population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Quach
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California. Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Ruiling Liu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California
| | - David O Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California. Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Andrew Hertz
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California. Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to conduct an analysis of sleep duration and risk of selected site-specific and groups of cancer among a large prospective cohort of California women. METHODS The study population was comprised of 101,609 adult females participating in the California Teachers Study. All sites of invasive cancer prospectively diagnosed from baseline (1995-1996) through 2011 were identified through linkage to the California Cancer Registry (n = 12,322). Site-specific analyses focused on the following cancers: breast (n = 5,053), colorectal (n = 983), lung (n = 820), melanoma (n = 749), and endometrial (n = 957). Additionally, we evaluated a group of estrogen-mediated cancers consisting of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer (n = 6,458). Sleep duration was based on self-report of average time sleeping in the year prior to baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (HRs, 95 % CI). RESULTS Point estimates for all sites and site-specific cancers generally were near or below one for short sleepers (<6 h/night) and above one for long sleepers (10+ h/night); confidence intervals, however, were wide and included unity. Compared to average sleepers (7-9 h/night), long sleepers had an increased risk of the group of estrogen-mediated cancers (HR 1.22, 95 % CI 0.97-1.54, p (trend) = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These analyses suggest that longer sleep may be associated with increased risks of estrogen-mediated cancers. Further studies with more refined measures of sleep duration and quality are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA,
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Liu R, Nelson D, Hurley S, Hertz A, Reynolds P. Residential exposure to estrogen disrupting hazardous air pollutants and breast cancer risk: the California Teachers Study. Epidemiology 2015; 26:365-73. [PMID: 25760782 PMCID: PMC5101045 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies show increased breast cancer risk from exposure to xenoestrogens, but few have explored exposures via ambient air, which could impact large populations. OBJECTIVES This study explored the association between breast cancer risk and residential exposures to ambient estrogen disruptors among participants in a large cohort study, the California Teachers Study. METHODS Participants consisted of 112,379 women free of breast cancer and living at a California address in 1995/1996. Eleven hazardous air pollutants from the US Environmental Protection Agency 2002 list were identified as estrogen disruptors based on published endocrine disrupting chemical lists and literature review. Census-tract estrogen disruptor air concentrations modeled by the US Environmental Protection Agency in 2002 were assigned to participants' baseline addresses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios associated with exposure to each estrogen disruptor and a summary measure of nine estrogenic hazardous air pollutants among all participants and selected subgroups, adjusting for age, race/birthplace, socioeconomic status, and known breast cancer risk factors. RESULTS Five thousand three hundred sixty-one invasive breast cancer cases were identified between 1995 and 2010. No associations were found between residential exposure to ambient estrogen disruptors and overall breast cancer risk or hormone receptor-positive breast cancer risk, nor among targeted subgroups of participants (pre-/peri-menopausal women, post-menopausal women, never-smokers, non-movers, and never-smoking non-movers). However, elevated risks for hormone receptor-negative tumors were observed for higher exposure to cadmium compounds and possibly inorganic arsenic among never-smoking non-movers. CONCLUSION Long-term, low-dose exposure to ambient cadmium compounds or possibly inorganic arsenic may be a risk factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Liu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Hertz
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, CA, USA
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Garcia E, Hurley S, Nelson DO, Hertz A, Reynolds P. Hazardous air pollutants and breast cancer risk in California teachers: a cohort study. Environ Health 2015; 14:14. [PMID: 25636809 PMCID: PMC4417287 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-14-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that higher breast cancer rates in urban areas persist after accounting for the prevalence of known risk factors, leading to speculation that urban environmental exposures, such as air pollution, may play a role in the etiology of breast cancer. Combining modeled ambient air concentrations with data from a large prospective cohort of California women with over 15 years of follow-up, we examined the relationship between breast cancer incidence and modeled concentrations of air pollutants shown to be mammary gland carcinogens (MGCs). METHODS The study population of 112,378 California Teachers Study participants included 5,676 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Modeled annual average ambient air concentrations of 24 MGCs from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were linked to participants' addresses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with residential MGC levels. MGCs were examined individually and as a combined summary variable for all participants, in selected subsets, and by tumor hormone responsiveness. RESULTS Initial models yielded some evidence for increased risk for several compounds, including acrylamide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroprene, 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline), propylene oxide, and vinyl chloride, but after adjustment for multiple comparisons, only results for propylene oxide and vinyl chloride remained statistically significant. In subset analyses, estrogen-receptor positive or progesterone-receptor positive (ER+/PR+) tumors were associated with higher ambient levels of acrylamide, benzidine, carbon tetrachloride, ethylidene dichloride, and vinyl chloride, while ER-/PR- tumors were associated with higher ambient levels of benzene. Interesting results for different compounds were observed within certain subsets of the population. CONCLUSION While our initial models yielded several elevated risk estimates, after adjusting for multiple comparisons and breast cancer risk factors, most hazard ratios were no longer statistically significant. Our subset analyses, however, suggest that elevated risk may be associated with some compounds for certain subgroups of interest. A summary variable for all 24 MGCs did not offer any advantage over the models for individual compounds. Results must be interpreted cautiously, as estimated exposure was limited to modeled annual average ambient air concentrations, and could not account for other sources or routes other than inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Garcia
- />Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
- />School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Susan Hurley
- />Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - David O Nelson
- />Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - Andrew Hertz
- />Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- />Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
- />Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Guo W, Nelson D, Hurley S, Reynolds P, Guo T, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M. Pilot study to assess effects of collection tube types and processing delay on measurements of persistent organic pollutants and lipids in human serum. Chemosphere 2014; 116:75-82. [PMID: 24792582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glass red top tubes (RTs), traditionally used to draw blood for biomonitoring studies, have some limitations during field sampling (e.g., tube breakage, timely processing may be difficult). This pilot study examined whether serum separation tubes (SSTs) with delayed processing time (48 h) can be used instead of red top tubes (RTs) to accommodate field conditions. Using state-of-the-art methodologies, PBDEs, PCBs, OCPs, PFCs, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured to evaluate any differences among 2 test conditions (RTs with 2h processing time; SSTs with 48 h processing time). Between the 2 test conditions, we observed high rank correlations among the measured compounds and no statistically significant differences in the levels of measured compounds. We conclude that SSTs with delayed processing time (48 h) produce similar results as RTs with short processing time (2h), suggesting that SSTs could be good substitutes for RTs for new epidemiological and biomonitoring field studies. The use of SSTs offers a tremendous opportunity for the use of samples archived in various SSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | - D Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - S Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - P Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - T Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; Sequoia Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - M Wang
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - J-S Park
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - M Petreas
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is convincing evidence that circadian disruption mediated by exposure to light at night promotes mammary carcinogenesis in rodents. The role that light at night plays in human breast cancer etiology remains unknown. We evaluated the relationship between estimates of indoor and outdoor light at night and the risk of breast cancer among members of the California Teachers Study. METHODS Indoor light-at-night estimates were based on questionnaire data regarding sleep habits and use of nighttime lighting while sleeping. Estimates of outdoor light at night were derived from imagery data obtained from the US Defense Meteorological Satellite Program assigned to geocoded addresses of study participants. Analyses were conducted among 106,731 California Teachers Study members who lived in California, had no prior history of breast cancer, and provided information on lighting while sleeping. Five thousand ninety-five cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed 1995-2010 were identified via linkage to the California Cancer Registry. We used age-stratified Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for breast cancer risk factors and neighborhood urbanization and socioeconomic class. RESULTS An increased risk was found for women living in areas with the highest quintile of outdoor light-at-night exposure estimates (HR = 1.12 [95% CI = 1.00-1.26]; test for trend, P = 0.06). Although more pronounced among premenopausal women (HR = 1.34 [95% CI = 1.07-1.69]; test for trend, P = 0.04), the associations did not differ statistically by menopausal status (test for interaction, P = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS Women living in areas with high levels of ambient light at night may be at an increased risk of breast cancer. Future studies that integrate quantitative measurements of indoor and outdoor light at night are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - David Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Andrew Hertz
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Pamela L. Horn-Ross
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Garcia E, Hurley S, Nelson DO, Gunier RB, Hertz A, Reynolds P. Evaluation of the agreement between modeled and monitored ambient hazardous air pollutants in California. Int J Environ Health Res 2014; 24:363-377. [PMID: 24047281 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.835031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Elevated breast cancer incidence rates in urban areas have led to speculation regarding the potential role of air pollution. In order to inform the exposure assessment for a subsequent breast cancer study, we evaluated agreement between modeled and monitored hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Modeled annual ambient concentrations of HAPs in California came from the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Air Toxics Assessment database for 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2005 and corresponding monitored data from the California Air Resources Board's air quality monitoring program. We selected 12 compounds of interest for our study and focused on evaluating agreement between modeled and monitored data, and of temporal trends. Modeled data generally underestimated the monitored data, especially in 1996. For most compounds agreement between modeled and monitored concentrations improved over time. We concluded that 2002 and 2005 modeled data agree best with monitored data and are the most appropriate years for direct use in our subsequent epidemiologic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Garcia
- a Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Berkeley , CA , USA
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Nelson DO, Lu Y, Henderson K, Bernstein L, Reynolds P. Risk of colorectal cancer associated with active smoking among female teachers. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1291-304. [PMID: 23572327 PMCID: PMC3733091 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the risk of colorectal cancer associated with active smoking among members of the California Teachers Study (CTS), a large cohort of female public school employees for whom highly detailed smoking information is available. METHODS The analysis was conducted among the 122,264 CTS participants who lived in California at cohort entry in 1995/1996, had no prior history of colorectal cancer, and provided detailed smoking information. 1,205 cases of invasive colorectal cancer prospectively diagnosed in 1995-2009 were identified from the California Cancer Registry, including 650 in the proximal colon, 267 in the distal colon, and 288 in the rectum. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by age at cohort entry, and adjusted for race/ethnicity. RESULTS Compared to never smokers, current smokers had an approximately 30% increased risk of colorectal cancer. Overall, a slightly elevated risk was also noted for former smokers. Among former smokers, risks appeared to remain elevated for up to 20 years following cessation. Risks among former and current smokers increased with greater intensity and duration of smoking. Little evidence for heterogeneity in risk was noted for colon versus rectal cancer or for different subsites within the colon. CONCLUSIONS These results provide convincing evidence that heavy and/or long-term smoking is a risk factor for cancers of the colon and rectum. Such evidence should be considered when updating screening guidelines to include targeting people with long active smoking histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
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Keegan THM, Hurley S, Goldberg D, Nelson DO, Reynolds P, Bernstein L, Horn-Ross PL, Gomez SL. The association between neighborhood characteristics and body size and physical activity in the California teachers study cohort. Am J Public Health 2011; 102:689-97. [PMID: 21852626 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We considered interactions between physical activity and body mass index (BMI) and neighborhood factors. METHODS We used recursive partitioning to identify predictors of low recreational physical activity (< 2.5 hours/week) and overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m(2)) among 118,315 women in the California Teachers Study. Neighborhood characteristics were based on 2000 US Census data and Reference US business listings. RESULTS Low physical activity and being overweight or obese were associated with individual sociodemographic characteristics, including race/ethnicity and age. Among White women aged 36 to 75 years, living in neighborhoods with more household crowding was associated with a higher probability of low physical activity (54% vs 45% to 51%). In less crowded neighborhoods where more people worked outside the home, the existence of fewer neighborhood amenities was associated with a higher probability of low physical activity (51% vs 46%). Among non-African American middle-aged women, living in neighborhoods with a lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher probability of being overweight or obese (46% to 59% vs 38% in high-socioeconomic status neighborhoods). CONCLUSIONS Associations between physical activity, overweight and obesity, and the built environment varied by sociodemographic characteristics in this educated population.
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Von Behren J, Quach T, Layefsky M, Reynolds P. Birth size and breast cancer risk among young California-born women. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1461-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Petreas M, Nelson D, Brown FR, Goldberg D, Hurley S, Reynolds P. High concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in breast adipose tissue of California women. Environ Int 2011; 37:190-7. [PMID: 20951435 PMCID: PMC5508731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We measured major PBDEs and PCBs in breast adipose tissues of California women participating in a breast cancer study in the late 1990s. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography with electron impact ionization and tandem mass spectrometry detection. The congener profile observed was: BDE47>BDE99>BDE153>BDE100>BDE154 and PCB153>PCB180>PCB138>PCB118. Whereas high correlations were observed within each chemical class, very weak correlations appeared between classes, pointing to different exposure pathways. Weak negative associations were observed for PBDE congeners and age. Our PBDE data are among the highest reported, exceeding data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and consistent with the high use of PBDEs in California. These data may be helpful in establishing a baseline for PBDE body burdens to gauge changes over time as a result of restrictions in the use of PBDE formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
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Reynolds P, Hurley S, Goldberg D, Quach T, Rull R, Von Behren J. An excess of breast cancer among young California-born Asian women. Ethn Dis 2011; 21:196-201. [PMID: 21749024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare breast cancer risk among young Asian and Pacific Islander (API) women to White women, all of whom were born in California during the 1960s. DESIGN We used previously-collected data from a population-based case-control study in which breast cancer cases were linked to their California birth records. SETTING California, US. PARTICIPANTS Invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed 1988-2004 among women aged < 45 were identified from the population-based California Cancer Registry. Breast cancer cases (n = 3,799) were linked to their California birth records. Controls (n = 17,461) were randomly selected from California birth records for females, frequency matched to cases by birth year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS Among young women born in California, API women had higher risks of breast cancer than Whites (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.35-1.94). Among APIs, the risks were highest for women of Filipina (OR = 1.72, 95% Cl: 1.15-2.56) and Japanese ancestry (OR = 1.59, 95% Cl 1.20-2.10). CONCLUSIONS Our finding of breast cancer risk among young API women who were born in California that exceeds that of young White women highlights the need for further evaluations of breast cancer risk among young API women and underscores the need to consider both ancestry and migration status in such evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, USA
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Reynolds P, Goldberg D, Hurley S, Nelson DO, Largent J, Henderson KD, Bernstein L. Passive smoking and risk of breast cancer in the California teachers study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:3389-98. [PMID: 19959687 PMCID: PMC2908531 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent reviews have suggested active smoking to be a risk factor for breast cancer, the association with passive smoke exposure remains controversial. This risk association was explored in a large prospective study of women, the California Teachers Study. METHODS Detailed lifetime information on passive smoke exposure by setting (home, work, or social) and by age of exposure was collected in 1997 from 57,523 women who were lifetime nonsmokers and had no history of breast cancer. In the ensuing decade, a total of 1,754 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associated with several lifetime passive smoke exposure metrics. RESULTS For all breast cancer, measures of higher lifetime passive smoking intensity and duration were associated with nonstatistically significant HRs of 1.11 to 1.14. For postmenopausal women, HRs for lifetime low, medium, and high cumulative exposure were 1.17 (95% CI, 0.91-1.49), 1.19 (95% CI, 0.93-1.53), and 1.26 (95% CI, 0.99-1.60). For women exposed in adulthood (age > or =20 years), risk was elevated at the highest level of cumulative exposure (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00-1.40), primarily among postmenopausal women (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.56). A statistically significant dose response was detected when analysis was restricted to women with moderate to high levels of passive smoke exposure. CONCLUSION These results suggest that cumulative exposures to high levels of sidestream smoke may increase breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women who themselves have never smoked tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Reynolds
- Northern California Cancer Center, Berkeley, 94704, USA.
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Kermode M, Yong K, Hurley S, Marmion B. An economic evaluation of increased uptake in Q fever vaccination among meat and agricultural industry workers following implementation of the National Q Fever Management Program. Aust N Z J Public Health 2007; 27:390-8. [PMID: 14705300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2003.tb00415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Q fever is a serious but vaccine-preventable infectious disease that predominantly affects those working in the meat and agricultural industries. In October 2000, the Commonwealth Government introduced the National Q Fever Management Program. This economic evaluation assesses the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of improved vaccine uptake among meat and agricultural industry workers. METHODS Separate analyses were conducted for meat and agricultural industry workers. Clinical and epidemiological data used to create the models were obtained from published sources. Markov modelling was used to estimate the impact of Q fever vaccination uptake on the direct costs and outcomes of Q fever over a 20-year period. RESULTS Increasing vaccine uptake from 65% to 100% among meat industry workers results in an incremental cost per life year gained of $20,002, and a cost per QALY of $6,294. Increasing vaccine uptake from zero to 20% among agricultural industry workers results in an incremental cost per life year gained of $24,950, and a cost per QALY of $7,984. Including some indirect costs in the form of Workcover payments results in cost savings for both industry groups. CONCLUSION The results of this evaluation indicate that public health strategies to enhance the uptake of Q fever vaccine among high-risk workers potentially provides excellent value for the money invested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kermode
- School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125.
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Reynolds P, Hurley S, Goldberg D. Accumulating evidence on passive and active smoking and breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:239; author reply 240-1. [PMID: 16432834 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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