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Andersson M, Zimmerman M, Brogren E, Bergman S, Strindberg L, Fryk E, Jansson P. Baseline levels of circulating galectin-1 associated with radiographic hand but not radiographic knee osteoarthritis at a two-year follow-up. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2024; 6:100455. [PMID: 38469554 PMCID: PMC10926207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We tested the potential of circulating galectin-1, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) levels at baseline in individuals with knee pain as biomarkers for development of radiographic knee and/or hand osteoarthritis (OA). Design This study comprised 212 individuals with knee pain from the Halland osteoarthritis cohort (HALLOA). Clinical characteristics and serum/plasma levels of galectin-1, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF alpha were measured at baseline, and knee and hand radiographs were obtained at a two-year follow-up. The predictive value of circulating inflammatory markers and clinical variables at baseline was assessed using multinominal logistic regression for those who developed radiographic OA in knees only (n = 25), in hands only (n = 40), and in both knees and hands (n = 43); the group who did not develop OA (n = 104) was used as reference. Correlations were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Results As expected, age was identified as a risk factor for having radiographic knee and/or hand OA at the two-year follow-up. Baseline circulating galectin-1 levels did not associate with developing radiographic knee OA but associated with developing radiographic hand OA (odds ratio (OR) for a 20% increased risk: 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.29) and both radiographic knee and hand OA (OR for a 20% increased risk: 1.18, 95% CI 1.05-1.30). However, baseline IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF alpha did not associate with developing radiographic knee and/or hand OA. Conclusion Non-age adjusted circulating galectin-1 is superior to IL-6, IL-1 beta, and TNF alpha in predicting radiographic hand but not knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L.E. Andersson
- Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Zimmerman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - E. Brogren
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S. Bergman
- Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L. Strindberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E. Fryk
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P.A. Jansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Yaylim İ, Aru M, Farooqi AA, Hakan MT, Buttari B, Arese M, Saso L. Regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer drug resistance by galectin-1: cellular and molecular implications. Cancer Drug Resist 2024; 7:8. [PMID: 38434765 PMCID: PMC10905161 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterized by the deregulation of the redox state in the cells, which plays a role in the initiation of various types of cancers. The activity of galectin-1 (Gal-1) depends on the cell redox state and the redox state of the microenvironment. Gal-1 expression has been related to many different tumor types, as it plays important roles in several processes involved in cancer progression, such as apoptosis, cell migration, adhesion, and immune response. The erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism involved in both cell survival and cell defense against oxidative stress. In this review, we delve into the cellular and molecular roles played by Gal-1 in the context of oxidative stress onset in cancer cells, particularly focusing on its involvement in activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. The emerging evidence concerning the anti-apoptotic effect of Gal-1, together with its ability to sustain the activation of the Nrf2 pathway in counteracting oxidative stress, supports the role of Gal-1 in the promotion of tumor cells proliferation, immuno-suppression, and anti-tumor drug resistance, thus highlighting that the inhibition of Gal-1 emerges as a potential strategy for the restraint and regression of tumor progression. Overall, a deeper understanding of the multi-functionality and disease-specific expression profiling of Gal-1 will be crucial for the design and development of novel Gal-1 inhibitors as anticancer agents. Excitingly, although it is still understudied, the ever-growing knowledge of the sophisticated interplay between Gal-1 and Nrf2/Keap1 will enable researchers to gain valuable insights into the underlying causes of carcinogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlhan Yaylim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34280, Turkiye
| | - Melek Aru
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34280, Turkiye
- Department of Medical Education, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul 34396, Turkiye
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehmet Tolgahan Hakan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34280, Turkiye
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
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Elliott W, Tsung AJ, Guda MR, Velpula KK. Galectin inhibitors and nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:774-795. [PMID: 38455415 PMCID: PMC10915327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the gold standard of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment is unchanged and adjunctive therapy has offered little to prolong both quality and quantity of life. To improve pharmacotherapy for GBM, galectins are being studied provided their positive correlation with the malignancy and disease severity. Despite the use of galectin inhibitors and literature displaying the ability of the lectin proteins to decrease tumor burden and decrease mortality within various malignancies, galectin inhibitors have not been studied for GBM therapy. Interestingly, anti-galectin siRNA delivered in nanoparticle capsules, assisting in blood brain barrier penetrance, is well studied for GBM, and has demonstrated a remarkable ability to attenuate both galectin and tumor count. Provided that the two therapies have an analogous anti-galectin effect, it is hypothesized that galectin inhibitors encapsuled within nanoparticles will likely have a similar anti-galectin effect in GBM cells and further correlate to a repressed tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie Elliott
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria, IL, USA
- Illinois Neurological InstitutePeoria, IL, USA
| | - Maheedhara R Guda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria, IL, USA
| | - Kiran K Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria, IL, USA
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Tang X, Xiao Z, Chen M, Jin J, Yan C, Zhu X, Wang Z, Zhang D. A prototype galectin-1 (also known as galecin-2) from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea): Molecular and function study. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109314. [PMID: 38142827 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (also known as galecin-2), one member of galectins family, has multiple functions as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in innate immune defense system. In the present study, LcGal-1, a prototype galectin, was identified and function investigated in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). LcGal-1 consists of one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), which contains two carbohydrate binding motifs HFNPR and WG-E-R. LcGal-1 had a ubiquitous tissues profile with the highest and lowest expression in spleen and muscle, respectively. Moreover, it was in cytoplasm and nucleus of head-kidney cells in large yellow croaker. RT-qRCR showed that P. plecoglossicida induced LcGal-1 up-regulated expression in liver and gills, and the results were validated by immunohistochemistry analysis. Additionally, the recombinant LcGal-1 (rLcGal-1) showed agglutinate activity on erythrocytes, and the histidine (His) in the HFNPR motif was a key locus to the activity. The agglutination effect of rLcGal-1 on erythrocytes could be inhibited by LPS, α-lactase and d-galactose. The rLcGal-1 was able to bind and agglutinate Gram+ and Gram-bacteria, and damage bacterial membrane as confirmed by PI staining and SEM observation. Transcriptome analysis showed that the overexpressed LcGal-1 in HEK 293T cells could induce 176 DGEs, including 172 boosting genes and 4 falling genes. Collectively, LcGal-1 was a key immune gene involved in the recognition, conjunction, and elimination of pathogens in L. crocea, as well as multiple physiological and pathological regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiqun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingcheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.
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Selahaddin E, Bahadir D, Sengul S, Seyithan T, Hasan U, Gülcin E, Abdurrahman A. Serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels in bipolar disorder and their relationship with cognitive functions. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3421. [PMID: 38346720 PMCID: PMC10861353 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The number of studies conducted on the role of neuroinflammation in the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder has been increasing in recent years. The role of Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40, which are considered to play roles in neuroinflammation and the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder, and the relationship of these parameters with cognitive functions were investigated in the present study. METHOD Serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels were measured with the ELISA Method in 64 bipolar euthymic patients and 64 healthy controls. The Stroop and trail-making tests were administered to assess cognitive functions in all participants. RESULTS Serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels were statistically and significantly lower in the patient group when compared to the healthy control group. The scores of the Stroop test and trail-making tests were statistically higher in the patient group than in the healthy control group. There was a weak and positive correlation between serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels and cognitive performance in all participants. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Statistically significant low levels of serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 detected in the patient group suggest that these parameters have important roles in neuroinflammation. The statistically higher Stroop and trail-making test scores of the patient group compared to the control group indicates that the cognitive performance of the patient group was weaker. Also, the positive correlation between Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels and cognitive performance suggests that these molecules may have a neuroprotective role. We think that the present study will contribute to this field where there is very limited data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elcicek Selahaddin
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryGaziantep UniversityGaziantepTurkey
| | - Demir Bahadir
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryGaziantep UniversityGaziantepTurkey
| | - Sahin Sengul
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryGaziantep UniversityGaziantepTurkey
| | - Taysi Seyithan
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryGaziantep UniversityGaziantepTurkey
| | - Ulusal Hasan
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryGaziantep UniversityGaziantepTurkey
| | - Elboga Gülcin
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryGaziantep UniversityGaziantepTurkey
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Li C, Zuo S, Shan L, Huang H, Cui H, Feng X. Myeloid leukemia-derived galectin-1 downregulates CAR expression to hinder cytotoxicity of CAR T cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:32. [PMID: 38184596 PMCID: PMC10771695 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown significant activity in B-lineage malignancies. However, their efficacy in myeloid leukemia has not been successful due to unclear molecular mechanisms. METHODS We conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate whether myeloid leukemia cells directly induce CAR down-regulation. Furthermore, we designed a CD33 CARKR in which all lysines in the cytoplasmic domain of CAR were mutated to arginine and verified through in vitro experiments that it could reduce the down-regulation of surface CARs and enhance the killing ability. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on various AML and ALL cell lines and primary samples, and the galectin-1-specific inhibitory peptide (anginex) successfully rescued the killing defect and T-cell activation in in vitro assays. RESULTS CAR down-regulation induced by myeloid leukemia cells under conditions of low effector-to-tumor ratio, which in turn impairs the cytotoxicity of CAR T cells. In contrast, lysosomal degradation or actin polymerization inhibitors can effectively alleviate CAR down-regulation and restore CAR T cell-mediated anti-tumor functions. In addition, this study identified galectin-1 as a critical factor used by myeloid leukemia cells to induce CAR down-regulation, resulting in impaired T-cell activation. CONCLUSION The discovery of the role of galectin-1 in cell surface CAR down-regulation provides important insights for developing strategies to restore anti-tumor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Shiyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Lingling Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Huifang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Haidong Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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7
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Chen S, Gao T, Li X, Huang K, Yuan L, Zhou S, Jiang J, Wang Y, Xie J. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of galectin-1 from silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 143:109209. [PMID: 37944682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, as members of lectin families, exhibit a high affinity for β-galactosides and play diverse roles in biological processes. They function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with important roles in immune defense. In this study, galectin-1, designated as SpGal-1, was identified and characterized from silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). The SpGal-1 comprises an open reading frame (ORF) spanning 396 base pairs (bp) and encodes a deduced amino acid (aa) sequence containing a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Sublocalization analysis revealed that SpGal-1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. The mRNA transcripts of SpGal-1 were ubiquitously detected in various tissues, with a higher expression level in the intestine. In addition, when exposed to Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (PDD) infection, both the liver and head kidney exhibited significantly increased SpGal-1 mRNA expression. The recombinant protein of SpGal-1 (named as rSpGal-1) demonstrated hemagglutination against red blood cells (RBCs) from Larimichthys crocea and P. argenteus in a Ca2+ or β-Mercaptoethanol (β-ME)-independent manner. Notably, rSpGal-1 could bind with various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) including D-galactose, D-mannose, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and peptidoglycan (PGN), with highest affinity to PGN. Moreover, rSpGal-1 effectively interacted with an array of bacterial types encompassing Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Nocardia seriolae) and Gram-negative bacteria (PDD and Escherichia coli, among others), with the most robust binding affinity towards PDD. Collectively, these findings highlight that SpGal-1 is a crucial PRR with involvement in the host immune defense of silver pomfret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xionglin Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Kejing Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Suming Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Jianhu Jiang
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Jiasong Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Jiang X, Xiao X, Li H, Gong Y, Wang M, Yang H, Zhao L, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Zhao C, Li J, Chen Y, Feng S, Deng H, Ma S, Xu Y, Liu Y, Tsokos GC, Jiang M, Zhang X. Oxidized galectin-1 in SLE fails to bind the inhibitory receptor VSTM1 and increases reactive oxygen species levels in neutrophils. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1339-1351. [PMID: 37737309 PMCID: PMC10616122 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory immune receptors set thresholds for immune cell activation, and their deficiency predisposes a person to autoimmune responses. However, the agonists of inhibitory immune receptors remain largely unknown, representing untapped sources of treatments for autoimmune diseases. Here, we show that V-set and transmembrane domain-containing 1 (VSTM1) is an inhibitory receptor and that its binding by the competent ligand soluble galectin-1 (Gal1) is essential for maintaining neutrophil viability mediated by downregulated reactive oxygen species production. However, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), circulating Gal1 is oxidized and cannot be recognized by VSTM1, leading to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and reduced neutrophil viability. Dysregulated neutrophil function or death contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of SLE by providing danger molecules and autoantigens that drive the production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes. Interestingly, serum levels of glutathione, an antioxidant able to convert oxidized Gal1 to its reduced form, were negatively correlated with SLE disease activity. Taken together, our findings reveal failed inhibitory Gal1/VSTM1 pathway activation in patients with SLE and provide important insights for the development of effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Key Laboratory of Myositis, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiyi Gong
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongchong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Minghong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Kiss T, Mir Y, Stefancsik G, Ganbat G, Askarova A, Monostori E, Dulka K, Szebeni GJ, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Csiszár A, Legradi A. Galectin-1 as a marker for microglia activation in the aging brain. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148517. [PMID: 37557976 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglia cells, the immune cells residing in the brain, express immune regulatory molecules that have a central role in the manifestation of age-related brain characteristics. Our hypothesis suggests that galectin-1, an anti-inflammatory member of the beta-galactoside-binding lectin family, regulates microglia and neuroinflammation in the aging brain. Through our in-silico analysis, we discovered a subcluster of microglia in the aged mouse brain that exhibited increased expression of galectin-1 mRNA. In our Western blotting experiments, we observed a decrease in galectin-1 protein content in our rat primary cortical cultures over time. Additionally, we found that the presence of lipopolysaccharide, an immune activator, significantly increased the expression of galectin-1 protein in microglial cells. Utilizing flow cytometry, we determined that a portion of the galectin-1 protein was localized on the surface of the microglial cells. As cultivation time increased, we observed a decrease in the expression of activation-coupled molecules in microglial cells, indicating cellular exhaustion. In our mixed rat primary cortical cell cultures, we noted a transition of amoeboid microglial cells labeled with OX42(CD11b/c) to a ramified, branched phenotype during extended cultivation, accompanied by a complete disappearance of galectin-1 expression. By analyzing the transcriptome of a distinct microglial subpopulation in an animal model of aging, we established a correlation between chronological aging and galectin-1 expression. Furthermore, our in vitro study demonstrated that galectin-1 expression is associated with the functional activation state of microglial cells exhibiting specific amoeboid morphological characteristics. Based on our findings, we identify galectin-1 as a marker for microglia activation in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kiss
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Yaqub Mir
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Computational Sciences, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Stefancsik
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gantulga Ganbat
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aruzhan Askarova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Monostori
- Lymphocyte Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karolina Dulka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, ELKH, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anna Csiszár
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Departments of Public Health and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Adam Legradi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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10
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Massaro M, Cagnoni AJ, Medrano FJ, Pérez-Sáez JM, Abdullayev S, Belkhadem K, Mariño KV, Romero A, Roy R, Rabinovich GA. Selective modifications of lactose and N-acetyllactosamine with sulfate and aromatic bulky groups unveil unique structural insights in galectin-1-ligand recognition. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 94:117480. [PMID: 37774448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of endogenous glycan-binding proteins, play crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of this family, is overexpressed in several cancers and plays critical roles in tumor-immune escape, angiogenesis and metastasis. Thus, generation of high-affinity Gal-1 inhibitors emerges as an attractive therapeutic approach for a wide range of neoplastic conditions. Small-molecule carbohydrate inhibitors based on lactose (Lac) and N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) structures have been tested showing different results. In this study, we evaluated Lac- and LacNAc-based compounds with specific chemical modifications at key positions as Gal-1 ligands by competitive solid-phase assays (SPA) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Both assays showed excellent correlation, highlighting that lactosides bearing bulky aromatic groups at the anomeric carbon and sulfate groups at the O3' position exhibited the highest binding affinities. To dissect the atomistic determinants for preferential affinity of the different tested Gal-1 ligands, molecular docking simulations were conducted and PRODIGY-LIG structure-based method was employed to predict binding affinity in protein-ligand complexes. Notably, calculated binding free energies derived from the molecular docking were in accordance with experimental values determined by SPA and ITC, showing excellent correlation between theoretical and experimental approaches. Moreover, this analysis showed that 3'-O-sulfate groups interact with residues of the Gal-1 subsite B, mainly with Asn33, while the ester groups of the aromatic anomeric group interact with Gly69 and Thr70 at Gal-1 subsite E, extending deeper into the pocket, which could account for the enhanced binding affinity. This study contributes to the rational design of highly optimized Gal-1 inhibitors to be further studied in cancer models and other pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mora Massaro
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Medrano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas" (CIB), CSIC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shuay Abdullayev
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Karima Belkhadem
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas" (CIB), CSIC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, P.O. Box 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Bogut A, Stojanovic B, Jovanovic M, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic M, Gajovic N, Stojanovic BS, Balovic G, Jovanovic M, Lazovic A, Mirovic M, Jurisevic M, Jovanovic I, Mladenovic V. Galectin-1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Bridging Tumor Biology, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15500. [PMID: 37958483 PMCID: PMC10650903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, with a complex interplay of molecular pathways contributing to its aggressive nature. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the galectin family, has emerged as a pivotal player in the PDAC microenvironment, influencing various aspects from tumor growth and angiogenesis to immune modulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of Galectin-1 in PDAC. We delve into its contributions to tumor stroma remodeling, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and potential implications for therapeutic interventions. The challenges associated with targeting Gal-1 are discussed, given its pleiotropic functions and complexities in different cellular conditions. Additionally, the promising prospects of Gal-1 inhibition, including the utilization of nanotechnology and theranostics, are highlighted. By integrating recent findings and shedding light on the intricacies of Gal-1's involvement in PDAC, this review aims to provide insights that could guide future research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bogut
- City Medical Emergency Department, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of General Surgery, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.J.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Bojana S. Stojanovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Goran Balovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Milan Jovanovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Lazovic
- Department of General Surgery, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Milos Mirovic
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Kotor, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro;
| | - Milena Jurisevic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Violeta Mladenovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.J.); (V.M.)
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12
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Qian LH, Kong X, Zhou LL. Expression and Significance of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the Serum and Placental Tissues of Patients with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. Iran J Public Health 2023; 52:1656-1664. [PMID: 37744532 PMCID: PMC10512149 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i8.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disease, usually occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy. Its typical clinical manifestations are itching and elevated serum total bile acid levels, which are more harmful to the fetus, and can lead to a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This paper discusses the expressions of galectin -1 and 3 in the serum and placenta of ICP patients and their relationship with the effect of the incidence of ICP. Methods Galectin-1 and 3 in serum and placenta were detected in 22 pregnant women with ICP and 20 healthy pregnant women admitted to the obstetrics Department of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from May 2021 to February 2022. Results Serum levels of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in ICP pregnant women were significantly higher than those in controls, with significant differences (P<0.05). Placental galectin-1 and 3 were higher in normal pregnant women, and there were statistical differences between groups (P<0.05). Conclusion In ICP, the maternal serum and placental galectin-1 and 3 levels were significantly increased, both of which may play an important role in the development of ICP, which may be the initiation factor of ICP pathophysiology, a marker of ICP prediction, and a target of ICP prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Qian
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, No. 136 Middle Jiangyang Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taixing People’s Hospital, No. 1 Changzheng Road, Taixing City, Taizhou 225400, China
| | - Xiang Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu-Lin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taixing People’s Hospital, No. 1 Changzheng Road, Taixing City, Taizhou 225400, China
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13
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Hsu TW, Su YH, Chen HA, Liao PH, Shen SC, Tsai KY, Wang TH, Chen A, Huang CY, Shibu MA, Wang WY, Shen SC. Galectin-1-mediated MET/AXL signaling enhances sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by escaping ferroptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6503-6525. [PMID: 37433225 PMCID: PMC10373977 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib, a small-molecule inhibitor targeting several tyrosine kinase pathways, is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, not all patients with HCC respond well to sorafenib, and 30% of patients develop resistance to sorafenib after short-term treatment. Galectin-1 modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and plays a crucial role in HCC progression. However, whether Galectin-1 regulates receptor tyrosine kinases by sensitizing HCC to sorafenib remains unclear. Herein, we established a sorafenib-resistant HCC cell line (Huh-7/SR) and determined that Galectin-1 expression was significantly higher in Huh-7/SR cells than in parent cells. Galectin-1 knockdown reduced sorafenib resistance in Huh-7/SR cells, whereas Galectin-1 overexpression in Huh-7 cells increased sorafenib resistance. Galectin-1 regulated ferroptosis by inhibiting excessive lipid peroxidation, protecting sorafenib-resistant HCC cells from sorafenib-mediated ferroptosis. Galectin-1 expression was positively correlated with poor prognostic outcomes for HCC patients. Galectin-1 overexpression promoted the phosphorylation of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) signaling, which increased sorafenib resistance. MET and AXL were highly expressed in patients with HCC, and AXL expression was positively correlated with Galectin-1 expression. These findings indicate that Galectin-1 regulates sorafenib resistance in HCC cells through AXL and MET signaling. Consequently, Galectin-1 is a promising therapeutic target for reducing sorafenib resistance and sorafenib-mediated ferroptosis in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hao Su
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Shih Chiang Shen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Metabolic and Weight Management Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yen Tsai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | | | - Wan-Yu Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Master/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Tanır Y, Gülle ZN, Uncu GS, Baki AM, Vural P, Soylu N, Örengül AC. Elevated Serum Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Levels in Children With Specific Learning Disorder: A Case Control Study. Psychiatry Investig 2023:pi.2023.0048. [PMID: 37409365 PMCID: PMC10397778 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which underlying pathogenesis and etiological factors are not fully understood. Neuroinflammatory response (measured with serum levels of galectin-1 and galectin-3), which is associated with learning and memory, may play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of SLD. Aim of the present study is to examine whether serum galectin-1 and galectin-3 levels are related to SLD. METHODS The current study consisted of 42 treatment-naive children with SLD and 42 control subjects. All of the subjects were assessed using semi-structured psychiatric examination to diagnose SLD and exclude attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Serum galectin-1 and galectin-3 levels were measured via venous blood samples. RESULTS The SLD and control group did not differ significantly in terms of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). The SLD group had significantly higher serum levels of galectin-1 (8.78±2.97 vs. 7.40±2.03, p=0.019) and galectin-3 (1.86±0.93 vs. 1.32±0.69, p=0.003) than the control group when controlled for age, sex, and BMI. CONCLUSION Higher serum levels of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in children with SLD may indicate the role of neuroinflammatory response in the pathogenesis of SLD. Other mechanisms involving galectin-1 and galectin-3 related to learning may play a part in the etiology of SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Tanır
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Nur Gülle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gökçe Sultan Uncu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Science Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Türkiye
| | - Adile Merve Baki
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Pervin Vural
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nusret Soylu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Abdurrahman Cahid Örengül
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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15
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Shen X, Liu H, Zhou H, Cheng Z, Liu G, Huang C, Dou R, Liu F, You X. Galectin-1 promotes gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis through peritoneal fibrosis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:559. [PMID: 37328752 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal metastasis is one of the main causes of death in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Galectin-1 regulates various undesirable biological behaviors in GC and may be key in GC peritoneal metastasis. METHODS In this study, we elucidated the regulatory role of galectin-1 in GC cell peritoneal metastasis. GC and peritoneal tissues underwent hematoxylin-eosin (HE), immunohistochemical (IHC), and Masson trichrome staining to analyze the difference in galectin-1 expression and peritoneal collagen deposition in different GC clinical stages. The regulatory role of galectin-1 in GC cell adhesion to mesenchymal cells and in collagen expression was determined using HMrSV5 human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Collagen and corresponding mRNA expression were detected with western blotting and reverse transcription PCR, respectively. The promoting effect of galectin-1 on GC peritoneal metastasis was verified in vivo. Collagen deposition and collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin 1 (FN1) expression in the peritoneum of the animal models were detected by Masson trichrome and IHC staining. RESULTS Galectin-1 and collagen deposition in the peritoneal tissues was correlated with GC clinical staging and were positively correlated. Galectin-1 enhanced the ability of GC cells to adhere to the HMrSV5 cells by promoting collagen I, collagen III, and FN1 expression. The in vivo experiments confirmed that galectin-1 promoted GC peritoneal metastasis by promoting peritoneal collagen deposition. CONCLUSION Galectin-1-induced peritoneal fibrosis may create a favorable environment for GC cell peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilan Liu
- Oncology department, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haihua Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanjiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Dou
- Department of the Pathology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- Department of the Pathology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
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Zheng T, Qian T, Zhou H, Cheng Z, Liu G, Huang C, Dou R, Liu F, You X. Galectin-1-mediated high NCAPG expression correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5535-5549. [PMID: 37335105 PMCID: PMC10333058 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal1) and non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit G (NCAPG) are associated with metastasis in several malignant tumors. However, their precise roles in gastric cancer (GC) remain uncertain. This study explored the clinical significance and relationship of Gal1 and NCAPG in GC. Gal1 and NCAPG expressions were significantly up-regulated in GC compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting. Besides, methods including stable transfection, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting, Matrigel invasion and wound-healing assays in vitro, were also conducted. IHC scores for Gal1 and NCAPG had a positive correlation in GC tissues. High Gal1 or NCAPG expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis in GC, and Gal1 combined with NCAPG had a synergetic effect on the prediction of GC prognosis. Gal1 overexpression in vitro enhanced NCAPG expression, cell migration, and invasion in SGC-7901 and HGC-27 cells. Simultaneous Gal1 overexpression and NCAPG knockdown in GC cells partly rescued the migrative and invasive abilities. Thus, Gal1 promoted GC invasion through increased NCAPG expression. The present study demonstrated the prognostic significance of the combination of Gal1 and NCAPG in GC for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haihua Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanjiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Dou
- Department of the Pathology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- Department of the Pathology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan You
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
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Yang N, Zhang N, Wang Z, Cao W, He X, Zhang W, Xing Y. Galectin-1-dependent ceRNA network in HRMECs revealed its association with retinal neovascularization. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:327. [PMID: 37322431 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks play vital roles in angiogenesis. The RNA-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal-1) participates in pathological RNV in oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. However, the molecular associations between Gal-1 and lncRNAs remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential mechanism of action of Gal-1 as an RNA-binding protein. RESULTS A comprehensive network of Gal-1, ceRNAs, and neovascularization-related genes was constructed based on transcriptome chip data and bioinformatics analysis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). We also conducted functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses. Fourteen lncRNAs, twenty-nine miRNAs, and eleven differentially expressed angiogenic genes were included in the Gal-1/ceRNA network. Additionally, the expression of six lncRNAs and eleven differentially expressed angiogenic genes were validated by qPCR in HRMECs with or without siLGALS1. Several hub genes, such as NRIR, ZFPM2-AS1, LINC0121, apelin, claudin-5, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, were found to potentially interact with Gal-1 via the ceRNA axis. Furthermore, Gal-1 may be involved in regulating biological processes related to chemotaxis, chemokine-mediated signaling, the immune response, and the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS The Gal-1/ceRNA axis identified in this study may play a vital role in RNV. This study provides a foundation for the continued exploration of therapeutic targets and biomarkers associated with RNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ningzhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wenye Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiqiao Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Pfeffer K, Ho TH, Grill FJ, Ruiz Y, Lake DF. Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that binds to Galectin-1. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 210:106308. [PMID: 37209931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that has been implicated as a suppressive molecule in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Gal-1 has known immunomodulatory activity and was found to be expressed on regulatory T cells, leading to the potential for targeted immunotherapies. Anti-Gal-1 monoclonal antibodies were generated in this study using classical hybridoma techniques. MAb 6F3 was found to bind to Gal-1 by Western blot and ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell surface and intracellular binding of mAb 6F3 to Gal-1 in PBMC-derived Tregs and tumor cells, including Treg-like cell lines. These results suggest mAb 6F3 may be used to further study Gal-1 protein expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Pfeffer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Yvette Ruiz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas F Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Li X, Shi W, Wei G, Lv J, Wang D, Xing B, Zhou J, Zhao J, Sun H. Galectin-1 promotes angiogenesis and chondrogenesis during antler regeneration. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:40. [PMID: 37189051 PMCID: PMC10184426 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deer antlers are the only known mammalian structure that undergoes full regeneration. In addition, it is peculiar because when growing, it contains vascularized cartilage. The differentiation of antler stem cells (ASCs) into chondrocytes while inducing endochondral extension of blood vessels is necessary to form antler vascularized cartilage. Therefore, antlers provide an unparalleled opportunity to investigate chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and regenerative medicine. A study found that Galectin-1 (GAL-1), which can be used as a marker in some tumors, is highly expressed in ASCs. This intrigued us to investigate what role GAL-1 could play in antler regeneration. METHODS We measured the expression level of GAL-1 in antler tissues and cells by immunohistochemistry, WB and QPCR. We constructed antlerogenic periosteal cells (APCs, one cell type of ASCs) with the GAL-1 gene knocked out (APCGAL-1-/-) using CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing system. The effect of GAL-1 on angiogenesis was determined by stimulating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using APCGAL-1-/- conditioned medium or adding exogenous deer GAL-1 protein. The effect of APCGAL-1-/- on chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated compared with the APCs under micro-mass culture. The gene expression pattern of APCGAL-1-/- was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that GAL-1 was widely expressed in the antlerogenic periosteum (AP), pedicle periosteum (PP) and antler growth center. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis using deer cell lines further supports this result. The proliferation, migration, and tube formation assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that the proangiogenic activity of APCGAL-1-/- medium was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the APCs medium. The proangiogenic activity of deer GAL-1 protein was further confirmed by adding exogenous deer GAL-1 protein (P < 0.05). The chondrogenic differentiation ability of APCGAL-1-/- was impeded under micro-mass culture. The terms of GO and KEGG enrichment of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of APCGAL-1-/- showed that down-regulated expression of pathways associated with deer antler angiogenesis, osteogenesis and stem cell pluripotency, such as the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and TGF-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Deer GAL-1, has strong angiogenic activity, is widely and highly expressed in deer antler. The APCs can induce angiogenesis by secreting GAL-1. The knockout of GAL-1 gene of APCs damaged its ability to induce angiogenesis and differentiate into chondrocytes. This ability is crucial to the formation of deer antler vascularized cartilage. Moreover, Deer antlers offer a unique model to explore explore how angiogenesis at high levels of GAL-1 expression can be elegantly regulated without becoming cancerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunsheng Li
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Wanwan Shi
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Guanning Wei
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Baorui Xing
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Jue Zhou
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China.
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Matteucci C, Nepravishta R, Argaw-Denboba A, Mandaliti W, Giovinazzo A, Petrone V, Balestrieri E, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Pica F, Paci M, Garaci E. Thymosin α1 interacts with Galectin-1 modulating the β-galactosides affinity and inducing alteration in the biological activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110113. [PMID: 37028279 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of mechanism of action of Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) and the basis of the pleiotropic effect in health and disease, is one of the main focus of our ongoing research. Tα1 is a thymic peptide that demonstrates a peculiar ability to restore homeostasis in different physiological and pathological conditions (i.e., infections, cancer, immunodeficiency, vaccination, and aging) acting as multitasking protein depending on the host state of inflammation or immune dysfunction. However, few are the information about mechanisms of action mediated by specific Tα1-target protein interaction that could explain its pleiotropic effect. We investigated the interaction of Tα1 with Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a protein belonging to an oligosaccharide binding protein family involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes, including immunoregulation, infections, cancer progression and aggressiveness. Using molecular and cellular methodological approaches, we demonstrated the interaction between these two proteins. Tα1 specifically inhibited the hemagglutination activity of Gal-1, the Gal-1 dependent in vitro formation of endothelial cell tubular structures, and the migration of cancer cells in wound healing assay. Physico-chemical methods revealed the details of the molecular interaction of Tα1 with Gal-1. Hence, the study allowed the identification of the not known until now specific interaction between Tα1 and Gal-1, and unraveled a novel mechanism of action of Tα1 that could support understanding of its pleiotropic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ayele Argaw-Denboba
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL, Monterotondo, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Walter Mandaliti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giovinazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Vita Petrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Paci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- IRCCS San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome 00163, Italy; Medical and Experimental BioImaging Center, MEBIC Consortium, Rome 00166, Italy
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Yang X, Tohda C. Axonal Regeneration Mediated by a Novel Axonal Guidance Pair, Galectin-1 and Secernin-1. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1250-66. [PMID: 36437381 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the Galectin family, is expressed in various tissues and responsible for multiple biological activities. Previous studies reported that extracellular Gal-1 participated in axonal growth and repair, and Gal-1 knockout mice exhibited memory impairment. However, no study has demonstrated the direct contribution of intracellular Gal-1 upregulation in neurons to promoting axonal regeneration in the brain and recovering memory function. In the present study, we found that axonal growth is promoted by overexpression of Gal-1 via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 delivery in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Moreover, Gal-1 was expressed on the membranes of growth cones in hippocampal neurons and interacted with a novel axonal guidance molecule, Secernin-1, which was secreted from prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons. Gal-1-overexpression-driven axonal growth was enhanced when recombinant (extracellular) Secernin-1 was treated to the axonal site in a neuron device chamber. Direct binding of extracellular Secernin-1 with Gal-1 was detected through immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, demonstrating that Gal-1 possibly works as an axonal guidance receptor for Secernin-1 in hippocampal neurons. In the PFC, the expression of Gal-1 in axonal shafts and terminals of hippocampal neurons was decreased in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overexpression of Gal-1 in hippocampal neurons recovered memory deficits and induced axonal regeneration toward the PFC in 5XFAD mice. This study suggests that the enhanced interaction of Secernin-1 and Gal-1 can be harnessed as a therapeutic strategy for long-distance and direction-specific axonal regeneration in AD.
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Dong L, Bai Q, Song W, Ban C. Abnormal expression of galectin-1, -3 leading to unexplained infertility by decreasing endometrial receptivity: a retrospective analysis. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:493-501. [PMID: 36777856 PMCID: PMC9908466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between galectin-1, -3 and unexplained infertility and the effect on endometrial receptivity. METHODS The clinical data of 100 female patients at childbearing age coming to Xingtai People's Hospital from February 2019 to February 2021 were collected retrospectively. Based on normal pregnancy or not, 50 infertility patients were placed into an infertility group, and 50 patients with normal pregnancy history were placed into a normal group. The mRNA and protein levels of galectin-1, -3, endometrial wave-like activity, endometrial thickness, uterine artery pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio (S/D = PSV/EDV) were compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of galectin-1, -3 in the infertile group were lower than those in the normal group (P<0.05). In addition, the endometrial wave-like activity in the infertile group was more than that in the normal group (P<0.05). The endometrial thickness was less, while PI, RI and S/D were higher in the infertile group than those in the normal group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The low mRNA and protein expressions of galectin-1, -3 in unexplained infertility can affect endometrial receptivity, which may be closely related to unexplained infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Dong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xingtai People’s HospitalXingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Qingbing Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Jizhong Energy Xingtai Mining Group Co., LTDXingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Wenshuang Song
- Department of Obstetric, Xingtai People’s HospitalXingtai 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Chunmei Ban
- Department of Obstetric, Xingtai People’s HospitalXingtai 054000, Hebei, China
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Hu Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Luo M, Wang N, Xiao Y, He Q. Testosterone attenuates senile cavernous fibrosis by regulating TGFβR1 and galectin-1 signaling pathways through miR-22-3p. Mol Cell Biochem 2022. [PMID: 36571651 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major health problem affecting a large proportion of the general population. Testosterone also plays a key role in sexual dysfunction. In this study, we found that testosterone can inhibit cavernous fibrosis by affecting the expression of miR-22-3p, providing a new basis for research and treatment of ED. Old and young rats were used to study the effects of testosterone on cavernous fibrosis. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's staining were used to observe the cavernous tissue. A luciferase assay was used to analyze the relationship between the miR-22-3p, TGFβR1, and Galectin-1 signaling pathways. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis rates of cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CSMCs) following testosterone intervention. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the positive rate of caspase 3 and Ki67. IF was used to analyze the expression of collagen IV, MMP2, and α-SMA. The levels of GnRH, tT, LH, and F-TESTO in old rats increased after testosterone intervention. miR-22-3p inhibits the expression of TGFβR1 and Galectin-1. The protein expression of TGFβR1, Galectin-1, SMAD2, and p-SMAD2 was reduced by testosterone. The expression levels of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen IV, FN, and MMP2 in the cavernous tissues of old rats treated with testosterone were significantly reduced. The levels of caspase 3 and collagen IV decreased, and the levels of MMP2, Ki67, and α-SMA increased. Testosterone and miR-22-3p inhibit CSMC apoptosis and promote cell proliferation. Testosterone promoted the expression of miR-22-3p to interfere with the expression of the cavernous TGFβR1 and Galectin-1 signaling pathways. Testosterone can reduce cavernous fibrosis during the treatment of functional ED.
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Jino Blessy J, Siva Shanmugam NR, Veluraja K, Michael Gromiha M. Investigations on the binding specificity of β-galactoside analogues with human galectin-1 using molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10094-10105. [PMID: 34219624 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1939788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is the first member of galectin family, which has a carbohydrate recognition domain, specifically binds towards β-galactoside containing oligosaccharides. Owing its association with carbohydrates, Gal-1 is involved in many biological processes such as cell signaling, adhesion and pathological pathways such as metastasis, apoptosis and increased tumour cell survival. The development of β-galactoside based inhibitors would help to control the Gal-1 expression. In the current study, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the structural and dynamic behaviour Gal-1-thiodigalactoside (TDG), Gal-1-lactobionic acid (LBA) and Gal-1-beta-(1→6)-galactobiose (G16G) complexes. The analysis of glycosidic torsional angles revealed that β-galactoside analogues TDG and LBA have a single binding mode (BM1) whereas G16G has two binding modes (BM1 and BM2) for interacting with Gal-1 protein. We have computed the binding free energies for the complexes Gal-1-TDG, Gal-1-LBA and Gal-1-G16G using MM/PBSA and are -6.45, -6.22 and -3.08 kcal/mol, respectively. This trend agrees well with experiments that the binding of Gal-1 with TDG is stronger than LBA. Further analysis revealed that the interactions due to direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonds play a significant role to the structural stability of the complexes. The result obtained from this study is useful to formulate a set of rules and derive pharmacophore-based features for designing inhibitors against galectin-1.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jino Blessy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - N R Siva Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - K Veluraja
- PSN college of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Li J, Pan Y, Yang J, Wang J, Jiang Q, Dou H, Hou Y. Tumor necrosis factor-α-primed mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote M2 macrophage polarization via Galectin-1 and modify intrauterine adhesion on a novel murine model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945234. [PMID: 36591221 PMCID: PMC9800892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a condition caused due to damage or infection of the endometrium. It is characterized by continuous inflammation and following fibrosis and dysfunction. However, the current animal IUA models have several disadvantages, including complex operation, high mortality, and many extra distractions owing to opening of the abdominal cavity to expose the uterus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have been used in treatment of IUA, are heterogeneous and immunosuppressive. However, their therapeutic effect is not as good as expected. Methods Here, we successfully built a new murine IUA model, called electric tool-scratching IUA model, and applied it in our experiments to investigate the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) primed MSCs (T-MSCs). In the new model, we used a self-made electric tool that can cause mechanical damage to the endometrium without opening the abdominal cavity. ELISA and histological staining analysis were performed to evaluate pathological features of IUA. qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunofluoresence staining were performed to detect the phenotypes of macrophages. TMT proteomics quantification and western blotting assay were performed to analyze the differentially expressed proteins of MSC exosomes. Results Based on the new IUA model, we found TNF-α pretreatment could enhance the ability of MSCs to relieve inflammation and reduce endometrium fibrosis. Mechanistically, T-MSC promoted macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype through exosomes. Subsequently, we found the expression of Galectin-1 was increased in T-MSC exosomes. Finally, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of Galectin-1 treated macrophages and found Galectin-1 promoted macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype mainly through the Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Conclusions Our studies proposed an innovative mouse model and a better MSC treatment strategy for IUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingman Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, The Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yayi Hou, ; Huan Dou,
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Yayi Hou, ; Huan Dou,
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Fei F, Zhang M, Tarighat SS, Joo EJ, Yang L, Heisterkamp N. Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214359. [PMID: 36430839 PMCID: PMC9694201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemias arising from the malignant transformation of B-cell precursors (BCP-ALLs) are protected against chemotherapy by both intrinsic factors as well as by interactions with bone marrow stromal cells. Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 are lectins with overlapping specificity for binding polyLacNAc glycans. Both are expressed by bone marrow stromal cells and by hematopoietic cells but show different patterns of expression, with Galectin-3 dynamically regulated by extrinsic factors such as chemotherapy. In a comparison of Galectin-1 x Galectin-3 double null mutant to wild-type murine BCP-ALL cells, we found reduced migration, inhibition of proliferation, and increased sensitivity to drug treatment in the double knockout cells. Plant-derived carbohydrates GM-CT-01 and GR-MD-02 were used to inhibit extracellular Galectin-1/-3 binding to BCP-ALL cells in co-culture with stromal cells. Treatment with these compounds attenuated migration of the BCP-ALL cells to stromal cells and sensitized human BCP-ALL cells to vincristine and the targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib. Because N-glycan sialylation catalyzed by the enzyme ST6Gal1 can regulate Galectin cell-surface binding, we also compared the ability of BCP-ALL wild-type and ST6Gal1 knockdown cells to resist vincristine treatment when they were co-cultured with Galectin-1 or Galectin-3 knockout stromal cells. Consistent with previous results, stromal Galectin-3 was important for maintaining BCP-ALL fitness during chemotherapy exposure. In contrast, stromal Galectin-1 did not significantly contribute to drug resistance, and there was no clear effect of ST6Gal1-catalysed N-glycan sialylation. Taken together, our results indicate a complicated joint contribution of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 to BCP-ALL survival, with different roles for endogenous and stromal produced Galectins. These data indicate it will be important to efficiently block both extracellular and intracellular Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 with the goal of reducing BCP-ALL persistence in the protective bone marrow niche during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Somayeh S. Tarighat
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Eun Ji Joo
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-626-218-7503
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Cai Z, Yin K, Liu Q, Liu M, Yang X, Cui L. Association between abnormal expression and methylation of LGALS1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res 2022; 1792:148022. [PMID: 35872012 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation has been identified to play an important role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Galectin-1, encoded by LGALS1 gene, has been proved to be associated with ALS. We aimed to investigate the association between the expression and methylation of LGALS1 in blood samples from ALS patients. METHODS Forty-five patients diagnosed with ALS were enrolled. Thirty-two healthy relatives consisted the control group. Among them, samples from 12 patients and 12 controls consisted the exploration samples. In the exploration samples, mRNA expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. In all the samples, DNA methylation levels of one CpG island containing 12 CpG sites in the gene promoter were detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR, and galectin-1 levels were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between the gene expression and methylation level, as well as between the region-specific methylation level and clinical variables were calculated. RESULTS The mRNA expression level of LGALS1 was significantly increased and the promoter of LGALS1 was hypomethylated in ALS patients. Serum galectin-1 levels were significantly elevated in the ALS patients. The ALS group had significantly lower methylation level at certain CpG sites than the control group. There were significant negative associations between abnormal expression and methylation of LGALS1, as well as between region-specific methylation levels and the age of onset. CONCLUSIONS The aberrant expression and DNA methylation of LGALS1 and their association reveals epigenetic changes in ALS patients, which are helpful for early intervention and treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Cai
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Yin
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xunzhe Yang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Kaur H, Kala S, Sood A, Mridha AR, Kakkar A, Yadav R, Mishra S, Mishra D. Role of MDM2, CDK4, BCL2, Parafibromin and Galectin 1 in Differentiating Osteosarcoma from its Benign Fibro-osseous Lesions. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:728-737. [PMID: 35220546 PMCID: PMC9424414 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLs) are a diverse group of lesions showing considerable degree of overlap with low grade osteosarcoma (LGOS). Further, de-differentiated osteosarcoma (DOS) is usually indistinguishable from conventional high-grade OS (COS) if LGOS foci are not identified. Thus, there is a need for adjunctive immunohistochemical markers to differentiate OS from benign FOLs as well as DOS from COS. This study evaluated the role of immunohistochemical expression of MDM2, CDK4, parafibromin, BCL-2 and Galectin-1 (Gal-1) in accurate characterization of benign FOLs and in differentiating them from OS. From our archives, we retrieved 101 tissue samples which were diagnosed as osteosarcoma (OS) /ossifying fibroma (OF) / fibrous dysplasia (FD) or fibrous hyperplasia (FH) and examined their immunohistochemical staining pattern with the aforementioned antibodies. MDM2 showed 100% specificity for diagnosing OS. CDK4 and Gal-1 showed linear increase in immunoexpression from benign BFOLs to OS. BCL-2 showed equivocal immunopositivity in OF and OS, but the positivity was higher than that observed in FD. The highest immunoexpression for parafibromin was seen in FD followed by OF and OS cases. Thus, MDM2 is most specific, and Gal-1 is most sensitive of all the markers studied in differentiating OS from benign mimics. Combination of these two markers can be used as an adjunct to conventional imaging and microscopy in accurate characterization of these lesions. Further MDM2 overexpression can differentiate DOS and COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sunny Kala
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Anubhuti Sood
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Shashwat Mishra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, Pin 110029, India.
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Abstract
Tropheryma whipplei, is an actinobacterium that causes different infections in humans, including Whipple's disease. The bacterium infects and replicates in macrophages, leading to a Th2-biased immune response. Previous studies have shown that T. whipplei harbors complex surface glycoproteins with evidence of sialylation. However, the exact contribution of these glycoproteins for infection and survival remains obscure. To address this, we characterized the bacterial glycoprofile and evaluated the involvement of human β-galactoside-binding lectins, Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) which are highly expressed by macrophages as receptors for bacterial glycans. Tropheryma whipplei glycoproteins harbor different sugars including glucose, mannose, fucose, β-galactose and sialic acid. Mass spectrometry identification revealed that these glycoproteins were membrane- and virulence-associated glycoproteins. Most of these glycoproteins are highly sialylated and N-glycosylated while some of them are rich in poly-N-acetyllactosamine (Poly-LAcNAc) and bind Gal-1 and Gal-3. In vitro, T. whipplei modulates the expression and cellular distribution of Gal-1 and Gal-3. Although both galectins promote T. whipplei infection by enhancing bacterial cell entry, only Gal-3 is required for optimal bacterial uptake. Finally, we found that serum levels of Gal-1 and Gal-3 were altered in patients with T. whipplei infections as compared to healthy individuals, suggesting that galectins are also involved in vivo. Among T. whipplei membrane-associated proteins, poly-LacNAc rich-glycoproteins promote infection through interaction with galectins. T. whipplei modulates the expression of Gal-1 and Gal-3 both in vitro and in vivo. Drugs interfering with galectin-glycan interactions may provide new avenues for the treatment and diagnosis of T. whipplei infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyoly Ayona
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Madariaga Zarza
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Benoît Roubinet
- Glycodiag, Rue De Chartres, BP6759, 45067, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Philippe Decloquement
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, VITROME, Marseille, France,Pierre-Edouard Fournier Aix Marseille Univ, VITROME, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France,CONTACT Benoit Desnues MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
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Drake I, Fryk E, Strindberg L, Lundqvist A, Rosengren AH, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Borén J, Orho-Melander M, Jansson PA. The role of circulating galectin-1 in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: evidence from cross-sectional, longitudinal and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Diabetologia 2022; 65:128-139. [PMID: 34743218 PMCID: PMC8660752 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Galectin-1 modulates inflammation and angiogenesis, and cross-sectional studies indicate that galectin-1 may be a uniting factor between obesity, type 2 diabetes and kidney function. We examined whether circulating galectin-1 can predict incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes in a middle-aged population, and if Mendelian randomisation (MR) can provide evidence for causal direction of effects. METHODS Participants (n = 4022; 58.6% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort enrolled between 1991 and 1994 (mean age 57.6 years) were examined. eGFR was calculated at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 16.6 ± 1.5 years. Diabetes status was ascertained through registry linkage (mean follow-up of 18.4 ± 6.1 years). The associations of baseline galectin-1 with incident CKD and type 2 diabetes were assessed with Cox regression, adjusting for established risk factors. In addition, a genome-wide association study on galectin-1 was performed to identify genetic instruments for two-sample MR analyses utilising the genetic associations obtained from the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics (CKDGen) Consortium (41,395 cases and 439,303 controls) and the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls). One genome-wide significant locus in the galectin-1 gene region was identified (sentinel SNP rs7285699; p = 2.4 × 10-11). The association between galectin-1 and eGFR was also examined in individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes from the All New Diabetics In Scania (ANDIS) cohort. RESULTS Galectin-1 was strongly associated with lower eGFR at baseline (p = 2.3 × 10-89) but not with incident CKD. However, galectin-1 was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (per SD increase, HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02, 1.24). Two-sample MR analyses could not ascertain a causal effect of galectin-1 on CKD (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.82, 1.02) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98, 1.14) in a general population. However, in individuals with type 2 diabetes from ANDIS who belonged to the severe insulin-resistant diabetes subgroup and were at high risk of diabetic nephropathy, genetically elevated galectin-1 was significantly associated with higher eGFR (p = 5.7 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Galectin-1 is strongly associated with lower kidney function in cross-sectional analyses, and two-sample MR analyses suggest a causal protective effect on kidney function among individuals with type 2 diabetes at high risk of diabetic nephropathy. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms by which galectin-1 affects kidney function and whether it could be a useful target among individuals with type 2 diabetes for renal improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Fryk
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Strindberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders H Rosengren
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Vallecillo-Zúniga ML, Rathgeber M, Poulson D, Kartchner B, Luddington J, Gill H, Hayes S, Teynor M, Stowell CS, Arthur CM, Stowell SR, Van Ry PM. Evaluating Therapeutic Activity of Galectin-1 in Sarcolemma Repair of Skeletal Muscle. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:663-683. [PMID: 35320552 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is a small (14.5 kDa) multifunctional protein with cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion due to interactions with the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). In two types of muscular dystrophies, this lectin protein has shown therapeutic properties, including positive regulation of skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. Both Duchenne and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) are subtypes of muscular dystrophies characterized by deficient membrane repair, muscle weakness, and eventual loss of ambulation. This chapter explains confocal techniques such as laser injury, calcium imaging, and galectin-1 localization to examine the effects of galectin-1 on membrane repair in injured LGMD2B models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Rathgeber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Daniel Poulson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Braden Kartchner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jacob Luddington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Hailie Gill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Spencer Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Matthew Teynor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Caleb S Stowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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Borowski S, Freitag N, Urban I, Michel G, Barrientos G, Blois SM. Examination of the Contributions of Maternal/Placental-Derived Galectin-1 to Pregnancy Outcome. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:603-619. [PMID: 35320548 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (gal-1), a member of a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, is differentially expressed at the feto-maternal interface and appears to be functionally polyvalent, with a wide range of biological activities. However, the contributions of maternal and/or feto-placental gal-1 to the signaling networks promoting a healthy pregnancy are still being elucidated. This chapter discusses the methods commonly employed to study the maternal or feto-placental contribution of gal-1 during pregnancy in mice. The methods described here can be used to decipher the specific role of each source, e.g., maternal and/or feto-placental derived gal-1 in the orchestration of pregnancy-associated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Borowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Urban
- Core Facility Transgene Technology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geert Michel
- Core Facility Transgene Technology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Wu SC, Paul A, Cummings RD, Feasley CL, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Alkylation of Galectin-1 with Iodoacetamide and Mass Spectrometric Mapping of the Sites of Incorporation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:75-87. [PMID: 35320520 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galectins can display unique sensitivity to oxidative changes that result in significant conformational alterations that prevent carbohydrate recognition. While a variety of approaches can be utilized to prevent galectin oxidation, several of these require inclusion of reducing agents that not only prevent galectins from undergoing oxidative inactivation but can also interfere with normal redox potentials required for fundamental cellular processes. To overcome the limitations associated with placing cells in an artificial reducing environment, cysteine residues on galectins can be directly alkylated with iodoacetamide to form a stable thioether adduct that is resistant to further modification. Iodoacetamide alkylated galectin remains stable over prolonged periods of time and retains the carbohydrate binding and biological activities of the protein. As a result, this approach allows examination of the biological roles of a stabilized form of galectin-1 without introducing the confounding variables that can occur when typical soluble reducing agents are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anu Paul
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Galectins have been linked to tumorigenesis since 1975, even before this family of proteins was given its name. Since then, hundreds of papers have analyzed the role of different galectins in cancer development and progression, deciphering their involvement in many different pathological events, from the regulation of cell cycle, to angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune attack evasion. Importantly, the tumor galectin profile is often altered in many cancers and aberrant levels of some of the members of this family have been considered in diagnosis and frequently correlated with patient prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics. In this chapter, we summarize most frequent techniques employed in cancer research to interrogate the role of galectins, using Gal-1 to illustrate one member of the family and pancreatic cancer as an experimental model. We will cover from techniques employed to detect their expression (tissue and blood samples) to the most frequent tools used to change expression levels and the cell line-based in vitro studies and murine preclinical models used to explore their role in tumor progression and/or clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Manero-Rupérez
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Moreno
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
We have utilized simple flow cytometric and fluorescence-based solid phase assays to study the interaction of glycan binding proteins (GBP) to cell surface glycoconjugates. These methods utilize commonly employed flow cytometry techniques and commercially available streptavidin-coated microplates to immobilize various biotinylated ligands, such as glycopeptides, oligosaccharides, and whole cells. Using this approach, fluorescently labeled GBPs, in particular, members of the galectin family, can be interrogated for potential interactions with cell surface carbohydrates, including elucidation of the potential impact of alterations in glycosylation on carbohydrate recognition. Using these approaches, we present examples of flow cytometric and fluorescence-based solid phase assays to study galectin-carbohydrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Vallecillo-Zúniga ML, Poulson PD, Luddington JS, Arnold CJ, Rathgeber M, Kartchner BC, Hayes S, Gill H, Valdoz JC, Spallino JL, Garfield S, Dodson EL, Arthur CM, Stowell SR, Van Ry PM. Therapeutic Benefit of Galectin-1: Beyond Membrane Repair, a Multifaceted Approach to LGMD2B. Cells 2021; 10:3210. [PMID: 34831431 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the main pathologies characterizing dysferlinopathies are disrupted muscle membrane repair and chronic inflammation, which lead to symptoms of muscle weakness and wasting. Here, we used recombinant human Galectin-1 (rHsGal-1) as a therapeutic for LGMD2B mouse and human models. Various redox and multimerization states of Gal-1 show that rHsGal-1 is the most effective form in both increasing muscle repair and decreasing inflammation, due to its monomer-dimer equilibrium. Dose-response testing shows an effective 25-fold safety profile between 0.54 and 13.5 mg/kg rHsGal-1 in Bla/J mice. Mice treated weekly with rHsGal-1 showed downregulation of canonical NF-κB inflammation markers, decreased muscle fat deposition, upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines, increased membrane repair, and increased functional movement compared to non-treated mice. Gal-1 treatment also resulted in a positive self-upregulation loop of increased endogenous Gal-1 expression independent of NF-κB activation. A similar reduction in disease pathologies in patient-derived human cells demonstrates the therapeutic potential of Gal-1 in LGMD2B patients.
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Tsai YL, Chou RH, Lu YW, Chang CC, Kuo CS, Huang PH, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Associations between galectin-1, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Cardiol 2021; 79:371-375. [PMID: 34774386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-1 is a glycan-binding protein with broad anti-inflammatory properties. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is associated with heart failure and mortality. The pathophysiology of DD is complex and our study aimed to investigate the associations between serum galectin-1 level, DD, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). METHODS Patients with symptoms of angina pectoris were enrolled. Serum galectin-1 levels and echocardiography were assessed. The study endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality or new-onset HFpEF. RESULTS In total, 258 patients were enrolled (63% male; mean age 68±12 years) and grouped into tertiles based on galectin-1 levels. Patients in the highest galectin-1 group had increased left ventricular mass indexes, left atrial diameters, and prevalence of DD compared to those in the lower tertiles (all p<0.05). Moreover, elevated galectin-1 levels were significantly associated with the composite endpoint (p=0.039). After adjusting for confounding factors, high galectin-1 levels remained significantly associated with DD (odds ratio 2.44, p=0.005). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed patients in the highest galectin-1 group had lowest cumulative survival of composite endpoint (log rank p=0.043). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum galectin-1 levels were associated with DD and the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and incident HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsing Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chin Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sung Kuo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jofre BL, Eliçabe RJ, Silva JE, Pérez Sáez JM, Paez MD, Callegari E, Mariño KV, Di Genaro MS, Rabinovich GA, Davicino RC. Galectin-1 Cooperates with Yersinia Outer Protein (Yop) P to Thwart Protective Immunity by Repressing Nitric Oxide Production. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1636. [PMID: 34827634 PMCID: PMC8615707 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) inserts outer proteins (Yops) into cytoplasm to infect host cells. However, in spite of considerable progress, the mechanisms implicated in this process, including the association of Yops with host proteins, remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the functional role of Galectin-1 (Gal1), an endogenous β-galactoside-binding protein, in modulating Yop interactions with host cells. Our results showed that Gal1 binds to Yops in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. Interestingly, Gal1 binding to Yops protects these virulence factors from trypsin digestion. Given that early control of Ye infection involves activation of macrophages, we evaluated the role of Gal1 and YopP in the modulation of macrophage function. Although Gal1 and YopP did not influence production of superoxide anion and/or TNF by Ye-infected macrophages, they coordinately inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. Notably, recombinant Gal1 (rGal1) did not rescue NO increase observed in Lgals1-/- macrophages infected with the YopP mutant Ye ∆yopP. Whereas NO induced apoptosis in macrophages, no significant differences in cell death were detected between Gal1-deficient macrophages infected with Ye ∆yopP, and WT macrophages infected with Ye wt. Strikingly, increased NO production was found in WT macrophages treated with MAPK inhibitors and infected with Ye wt. Finally, rGal1 administration did not reverse the protective effect in Peyer Patches (PPs) of Lgals1-/- mice infected with Ye ∆yopP. Our study reveals a cooperative role of YopP and endogenous Gal1 during Ye infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lucila Jofre
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Javier Eliçabe
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
| | - Juan Eduardo Silva
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (J.M.P.S.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Maria Daniela Paez
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 66544, USA; (M.D.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Eduardo Callegari
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 66544, USA; (M.D.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Karina Valeria Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina;
| | - María Silvia Di Genaro
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Adrián Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (J.M.P.S.); (G.A.R.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
| | - Roberto Carlos Davicino
- División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; (B.L.J.); (R.J.E.); (J.E.S.); (M.S.D.G.)
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis C5700, Argentina
- Roberto Davicino, División de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de los Andes 950, San Luis CP5700, Argentina
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Ge X, Shi K, Hou J, Fu Y, Xiao H, Chi F, Xu J, Cai F, Bai C. Galectin-1 secreted by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells mediates anti-inflammatory responses in acute airway disease. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112788. [PMID: 34418459 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of allergic airway disease (AAD) include infiltration of inflammatory cells into the bronchoalveolar space. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show anti-inflammatory properties in AAD. In addition, galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a lectin significantly upregulated upon inflammation and is also known to mediate potential anti-inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that BMSCs regulated inflammatory responses by secretion of Gal-1 during AAD pathogenesis. BMSCs were isolated from murine femurs and tibiae and adoptively transferred into an ovalbumin-induced AAD mouse model. Knockdown of Gal-1 in BMSCs was performed using shRNA. Flow cytometry, ELISAs, and immunohistology were performed to analyze inflammatory responses in mice, and a Transwell system was used to establish an in vitro co-culture system of lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) and BMSCs. Administration of BMSCs significantly upregulated Gal-1 expression upon inflammation and decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo. In addition, we showed that this function was mediated by reduced activation of the MAPK p38 signaling pathway. Similar observations were found using an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model when MLE-12 cells were co-cultured with BMSCs. Gal-1 secretion by BMSCs alleviated inflammatory responses observed in AAD and hence provides a promising therapeutic alternative to AAD patients insensitive to conventional drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China.
| | - Kehua Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Youhui Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
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He YS, Hu YQ, Xiang K, Chen Y, Feng YT, Yin KJ, Huang JX, Wang J, Wu ZD, Wang GH, Pan HF. Therapeutic potential of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in autoimmune diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:36-45. [PMID: 34579628 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210927164935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a highly conserved protein family that binds to β-galactosides. Different members of this family play a variety of biological functions in physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activity, and cell adhesion. Galectins are widely distributed and play a vital role both inside and outside cells. It can regulate homeostasis and immune function in vivo through mechanisms such as apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that galectins exhibit pleiotropic roles in inflammation. Furthermore, emerging studies have found that galectins are involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) by regulating cell adhesion, apoptosis, and other mechanisms. This review will briefly discuss the biological characteristics of the two most widely expressed and extensively explored members of the galectin family, galectin-1 and galectin-3, as well as their pathogenetic and therapeutic roles in autoimmune diseases. These information may provide a novel and promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Yu-Qian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Kang-Jia Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Ji-Xiang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Zheng-Dong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Gui-Hong Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
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Huang Y, Wang HC, Zhao J, Wu MH, Shih TC. Immunosuppressive Roles of Galectin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1398. [PMID: 34680031 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of immune surveillance is an accepted hallmark of tumor progression. The production of immune suppressive mediators by tumor cells is one of the major mechanisms of tumor immune escape. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a pivotal immunosuppressive molecule, is expressed by many types of cancer. Tumor-secreted Gal-1 can bind to glycosylated receptors on immune cells and trigger the suppression of immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to the immune evasion of tumors. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the expression and function of Gal-1 in the human tumor microenvironment, as well as therapeutics targeting Gal-1.
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Masoodi M, Shah ZA, Beigh AH, Ahmad SZ, Mir AW, Yasin B, Rasool R, Masoodi KZ, Bhat GM. Galectin-1 as a predictive biomarker in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:123. [PMID: 34556165 PMCID: PMC8461835 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim There is an urgent need to set up a useful biomarker for ovarian cancer. Galectin-1 is a promising carbohydrate-binding protein which plays a remarkable role in various malignancies yet its clinical significance is questionable. In this study, we have tested the clinical implications of serum Galectin-1 levels in patients with ovarian tumours. Main methods Serum Galectin-1 levels were quantified in 84 newly diagnosed ovarian tumour patients and 20 healthy controls by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay during the course of the disease. Therefore the samples were taken at diagnosis, after surgery and after chemotherapy. Key findings The Galectin-1 levels were found to be associated with various variables of Ovarian Cancer patients. The levels were found to be prominently high in postmenopausal patients. Galectin-1 levels were raised in epithelial ovarian tumours with significantly high levels in serous subtype. A decrease in Galectin-1 levels post-surgical intervention and after receiving chemotherapy was found. Galectin-1 levels evidently distinguished between normal, benign, malignant and metastatic cases as compared to CA125 levels. Galectin-1 demonstrated to be a better biomarker than CA125 according to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Significance The study emphasizes that serum Galectin-1 may serve as a better surrogate biomarker in Ovarian Cancer for early detection, discriminating between malignant and benign abdominal masses and monitoring the progression of the disease and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Masoodi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A Shah
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Afaq H Beigh
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Wahid Mir
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Besina Yasin
- Department of Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Roohi Rasool
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gull Mohammad Bhat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Bhowmick S, Saha A, AlFaris NA, ALTamimi JZ, ALOthman ZA, Aldayel TS, Wabaidur SM, Islam MA. Structure-based identification of galectin-1 selective modulators in dietary food polyphenols: a pharmacoinformatics approach. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1697-1714. [PMID: 34482478 PMCID: PMC9209356 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this study, a set of dietary polyphenols was comprehensively studied for the selective identification of the potential inhibitors/modulators for galectin-1. Galectin-1 is a potent prognostic indicator of tumor progression and a highly regarded therapeutic target for various pathological conditions. This indicator is composed of a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that accounts for the binding affinity of β-galactosides. Although some small molecules have been identified as galectin-1 inhibitors/modulators, there are limited studies on the identification of novel compounds against this attractive therapeutic target. The extensive computational techniques include potential drug binding site recognition on galectin-1, binding affinity predictions of ~ 500 polyphenols, molecular docking, and dynamic simulations of galectin-1 with selective dietary polyphenol modulators, followed by the estimation of binding free energy for the identification of dietary polyphenol-based galectin-1 modulators. Initially, a deep neural network-based algorithm was utilized for the prediction of the druggable binding site and binding affinity. Thereafter, the intermolecular interactions of the polyphenol compounds with galectin-1 were critically explored through the extra-precision docking technique. Further, the stability of the interaction was evaluated through the conventional atomistic 100 ns dynamic simulation study. The docking analyses indicated the high interaction affinity of different amino acids at the CRD region of galectin-1 with the proposed five polyphenols. Strong and consistent interaction stability was suggested from the simulation trajectories of the selected dietary polyphenol under the dynamic conditions. Also, the conserved residue (His44, Asn46, Arg48, Val59, Asn61, Trp68, Glu71, and Arg73) associations suggest high affinity and selectivity of polyphenols toward galectin-1 protein. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
| | - Nora Abdullah AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jozaa Zaidan ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Ataul Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Szodoray P, Andersen TK, Heinzelbecker J, Imbery JF, Huszthy PC, Stanford SM, Bogen B, Landsverk OB, Bottini N, Tveita A, Munthe LA, Nakken B. Integration of T helper and BCR signals governs enhanced plasma cell differentiation of memory B cells by regulation of CD45 phosphatase activity. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109525. [PMID: 34380042 PMCID: PMC8435664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity relies on the efficient differentiation of memory B cells (MBCs) into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). T helper (Th) signals upregulate B cell receptor (BCR) signaling by potentiating Src family kinases through increasing CD45 phosphatase activity (CD45 PA). In this study, we show that high CD45 PA in MBCs enhances BCR signaling and is essential for their effective ASC differentiation. Mechanistically, Th signals upregulate CD45 PA through intensifying the surface binding of a CD45 ligand, Galectin-1. CD45 PA works as a sensor of T cell help and defines high-affinity germinal center (GC) plasma cell (PC) precursors characterized by IRF4 expression in vivo. Increasing T cell help in vitro results in an incremental CD45 PA increase and enhances ASC differentiation by facilitating effective induction of the transcription factors IRF4 and BLIMP1. This study connects Th signals with BCR signaling through Galectin-1-dependent regulation of CD45 PA and provides a mechanism for efficient ASC differentiation of MBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Szodoray
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Heinzelbecker
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John F Imbery
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter C Huszthy
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Stanford
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC #0656, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole B Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC #0656, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anders Tveita
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Britt Nakken
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Porciúncula-González C, Cagnoni AJ, Fontana C, Mariño KV, Saenz-Méndez P, Giacomini C, Irazoqui G. Structural insights in galectin-1-glycan recognition: Relevance of the glycosidic linkage and the N-acetylation pattern of sugar moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 44:116309. [PMID: 34293617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectins, soluble lectins widely expressed intra- and extracellularly in different cell types, play major roles in deciphering the cellular glycocode. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of this family, presents a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with specific affinity for β-galactosides such as N-acetyllactosamine (β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-d-GlcpNAc), and mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes. In this work, Gal-1 binding affinity for β-(1 → 6) galactosides, including β-d-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 4)-d-GlcpNAc was evaluated, and their performance was compared to that of β-(1 → 4) and β-(1 → 3) galactosides. To this end, the trisaccharide β-d-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 4)-d-GlcpNAc was enzymatically synthesized, purified and structurally characterized. To evaluate the affinity of Gal-1 for the galactosides, competitive solid phase assays (SPA) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies were carried out. The experimental dissociation constants and binding energies obtained were compared to those calculated by molecular docking. These analyses evidenced the critical role of the glycosidic linkage between the terminal galactopyranoside residue and the adjacent monosaccharide, as galactosides bearing β-(1 → 6) glycosidic linkages showed dissociation constants six- and seven-fold higher than those involving β-(1 → 4) and β-(1 → 3) linkages, respectively. Moreover, docking experiments revealed the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between the N-acetyl group of the glucosaminopyranose moiety of the evaluated galactosides and specific amino acid residues of Gal-1, relevant for galectin-glycan affinity. Noticeably, the binding free energies (ΔGbindcalc) derived from the molecular docking were in good agreement with experimental values determined by ITC measurements (ΔGbindexp), evidencing a good correlation between theoretical and experimental approaches, which validates the in silico simulations and constitutes an important tool for the rational design of future optimized ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Porciúncula-González
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral. Flores, 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Isidoro de María 1614, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Fontana
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía y Fisicoquímica Orgánica, Departamento de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte (S.R.A. Facultad de Química), UdelaR, Ruta 3 km 363, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Saenz-Méndez
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Isidoro de María 1614, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Karlstad University, Universitetsgatan 2, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral. Flores, 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Irazoqui
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Gral. Flores, 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Li SH, Chen YH, Lu HI, Lo CM, Huang CC, Wang YM, Huang EY. Galectin-1 Expression Is Associated with the Response and Survival Following Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3147. [PMID: 34201887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Galectin-1 has been found to be involved in therapeutic resistance in a variety of cancers. However, the prognostic significance of galectin-1 expression in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with chemoradiotherapy remains unknown. Immunohistochemically, we observed that galectin-1 overexpression in pretreatment biopsied specimens was significantly associated with a lower pathological complete response rate, worse overall survival and disease-free survival in 93 patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Our findings suggest that galectin-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with ESCC treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Abstract The galectin-1 has been found to be involved in poor outcomes after treatment of a variety of cancers. To the best of our knowledge, however, the significance of galectin-1 expression in the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Expression levels of galectin-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with the treatment outcome in 93 patients with locally advanced ESCC who received preoperative CCRT between 1999 and 2012. Galectin-1 expression was significantly associated with the pathological complete response (pCR). The pCR rates were 36.1% and 13.0% (p = 0.01) in patients with low and high galectin-1 expression, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that galectin-1 overexpression, clinical 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage III and a positive surgical margin were significant factors of worse overall survival and disease-free survival. In multivariate analyses, galectin-1 overexpression and a positive surgical margin represented the independent adverse prognosticators. Therefore, galectin-1 expression both affects the pCR and survival in patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving preoperative CCRT. Our results suggest that galectin-1 may be a potentially therapeutic target for patients with ESCC treated with preoperative CCRT.
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Alvala M. Non-carbohydrate strategies to inhibit lectin proteins with special emphasis on galectins. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113561. [PMID: 34146913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a family of glycan-binding proteins, many of which have been established as key targets for therapeutic intervention. They play a central role in many physiological and cellular processes. With the advances in protein crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and computational power over the past couple of decades, the carbohydrate-receptor interactions are now well understood and characterized. Nevertheless, designing efficient carbohydrate inhibitors is a laborious endeavour. They are known to have weak affinities, unsuitable pharmacokinetic properties and highly cumbersome/complex synthetic routes. To circumvent these issues many non-carbohydrate strategies have been reported. Galectins are a sub-family of lectin proteins which have been recognized as crucial targets for a wide variety of diseases. Many candidates targeting galectins are currently in advanced stages of clinical trials. There have been a few reports of non-carbohydrate inhibitors targeting galectins which comprise of peptide-based inhibitors and a recent flourish of heterocyclic inhibitors. In this review, we have briefly highlighted the strategies like fragment-based drug-design and high-throughput screens utilized to identify non-carbohydrate based antagonists for proteins wherein the presence of a sugar was believed to be essential. Additionally, we have described the literature pertaining to non-carbohydrate inhibitors of galectins and how previous reports on rational substitution of a sugar motif could aid in design of heterocyclics that inhibit lectins/galectins. We have concluded with remarks on challenges, gap in our understanding and future perspectives concerned with rational design of non-carbohydrate molecules targeting lectins/galectins.
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Toti A, Santi A, Pardella E, Nesi I, Tomasini R, Mello T, Paoli P, Caselli A, Cirri P. Activated fibroblasts enhance cancer cell migration by microvesicles-mediated transfer of Galectin-1. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:405-419. [PMID: 34021474 PMCID: PMC8222460 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the main components of the stromal compartment in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells is essential for tumor progression and aggressiveness. Cancer cells mediate an activation process, converting normal fibroblasts into CAFs, that are characterized by modified expression of many proteins and increased production and release of microvesicles (MVs), extracellular vesicles generated by outwards budding from the cell membrane. Recent evidence underlined that the uptake of CAF-derived MVs changes the overall protein content of tumor cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that tumor activated fibroblasts overexpress Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and consequently release MVs containing increased levels of this protein. The uptake of Gal-1 enriched MVs by tumor cells leads to the upregulation of its intracellular concentration, that strongly affects cancer cell migration, while neither proliferation nor adhesion are altered. Accordingly, tumor cells co-cultured with fibroblasts silenced for Gal-1 have a reduced migratory ability. The present work reveals the key role of an exogenous protein, Gal-1, derived from activated fibroblasts, in cancer progression, and contributes to clarify the importance of MVs-mediated protein trafficking in regulating tumor-stroma crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Toti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.,Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elisa Pardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria Nesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Richard Tomasini
- INSERM, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Caselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cirri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
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Cagnoni AJ, Giribaldi ML, Blidner AG, Cutine AM, Gatto SG, Morales RM, Salatino M, Abba MC, Croci DO, Mariño KV, Rabinovich GA. Galectin-1 fosters an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer by reprogramming CD8 + regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102950118. [PMID: 34006646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102950118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although immunotherapy has taken center stage in mainstream oncology, it has shown limited clinical efficacy in CRC, generating an urgent need for discovery of new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, induces tolerogenic programs and contributes to tumor cell evasion of immune responses. Here, we investigated the relevance of Gal-1 in CRC and explored its modulatory activity within the CD8+ regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment. Mice lacking Gal-1 (Lgals1 -/- ) developed a lower number of tumors and showed a decreased frequency of a particular population of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs in the azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis-associated CRC. Moreover, silencing of tumor-derived Gal-1 in the syngeneic CT26 CRC model resulted in reduced number and attenuated immunosuppressive capacity of CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs, leading to slower tumor growth. Moreover, stromal Gal-1 also influenced the fitness of CD8+ Tregs, highlighting the contribution of both tumor and stromal-derived Gal-1 to this immunoregulatory effect. Finally, bioinformatic analysis of a colorectal adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset revealed a particular signature characterized by high CD8+ Treg score and elevated Gal-1 expression, which delineates poor prognosis in human CRC. Our findings identify CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs as a target of the immunoregulatory activity of Gal-1, suggesting a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Chen YF, Wang CC, Hsu CY, Huang EY. Involvement of Galectin-1 Tumor Microenvironment in Radiosensitivity. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:2321-2331. [PMID: 33952457 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The mechanisms of galectin-1 in radioresistance may not only involve intracellular but also extracellular effects because galectin-1 can be secreted into the extracellular matrix. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the role of the galectin-1 tumor microenvironment on radiosensitivity in a murine tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wild-type or stable galectin-1-down-regulated cancer cells (melanoma (B16F10) and lung cancer (LLC1)) were injected (subcutaneous injection) into wild-type or knockout (galectin-1, B cells, and T cells) mice that were subject to 0 or 8 Gy irradiation. RESULTS Galectin-1-down-regulated B16F10 cells showed increased radiosensitivity when injected into galectin-1 knockout mice. Interestingly, radioresistance of wild-type LCC1 tumors was noted when injected into galectin-1 and B cell knockout mice. However, radiosensitization was observed in T cell knockout mice with wild-type LCC1 cells. CONCLUSION The role of endogenous galectin-1 in radioresistance exists in cases without extracellular galectin-1. Extracellular galectin-1 requires endogenous galectin-1 to radiosensitize tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Chi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chieh-Ying Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.; .,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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