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Guerriero C, Fanfarillo R, Mancini P, Sterbini V, Guarguaglini G, Sforna L, Michelucci A, Catacuzzeno L, Tata AM. M2 muscarinic receptors negatively modulate cell migration in human glioblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105673. [PMID: 38185384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a very aggressive human brain tumor. The high growth potential and invasiveness make this tumor surgically and pharmacologically untreatable. Our previous work demonstrated that the activation of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2 mAChRs) inhibited cell proliferation and survival in GB cell lines and in the cancer stem cells derived from human biopsies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of M2 mAChR to modulate cell migration in two different GB cell lines: U87 and U251. By wound healing assay and single cell migration analysis performed by time-lapse microscopy, we demonstrated the ability of M2 mAChRs to negatively modulate cell migration in U251 but not in the U87 cell line. In order to explain the different effects observed in the two cell lines we have evaluated the possible involvement of the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium (IKCa) channel. IKCa channel is present in the GB cells, and it has been demonstrated to modulate cell migration. Using the perforated patch-clamp technique we have found that selective activation of M2 mAChR significantly reduced functional density of the IKCa current in U251 but not in U87 cells. To understand whether the M2 mAChR mediated reduction of ion channel density in the U251 cell line was relevant for the cell migration impairment, we tested the effects of TRAM-34, a selective inhibitor of the IKCa channel, in wound healing assay. We found that it was able to markedly reduce U251 cell migration and significantly decrease the number of invadopodia-like structure formations. These results suggest that only in U251 cells the reduced cell migration M2 mAChR-mediated might involve, at least in part, the IKCa channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rachele Fanfarillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Luigi Sforna
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy; Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Millard M, Kilian J, Ozenil M, Mogeritsch M, Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger V, Holzer W, Hacker M, Langer T, Pichler V. Design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of muscarine receptor antagonists via a scaffold-hopping approach. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115891. [PMID: 37897926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Our research group recently identified a rearrangement product of pirenzepine as starting point for a comprehensive rational drug design approach towards orthosteric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Chemical reduction and bioscaffold hop lead to the development of sixteen promising compounds featuring either a benzimidazole or carbamate moiety, all exhibiting comparable pharmacophoric characteristics. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR, HR-MS, and RP-HPLC techniques. Subsequent evaluation encompassed binding affinity assessment on CHO-hM1-5 cells, mode of action determination, and analysis of physico-chemical parameters. The CNS MPO score indicated favorable drug-like attributes and potential CNS activity for the antagonistic ligands. The most promising compounds displayed Ki-values within a desirable low nanomolar range, and their structural features allow for potential carbon-11 radiolabeling. Our optimization efforts resulted in compounds with a remarkable 138-fold increase in binding affinity compared to the previously mentioned rearrangement product towards human M5, suggesting their prospective utility in positron emission tomography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Millard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Kilian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella Mogeritsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Xu R, Wan M, Shi X, Ma S, Zhang L, Yi P, Zhang R. A Rab10-ACAP1-Arf6 GTPases cascade modulates M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor trafficking and signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:87. [PMID: 36917255 PMCID: PMC11072986 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking processes regulate the G protein-coupled receptor activity. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are highly pursued drug targets for neurological diseases, but the cellular machineries that control the trafficking of these receptors remain largely elusive. Here, we revealed the role of the small GTPase Rab10 as a negative regulator for the post-activation trafficking of M4 mAChR and the underlying mechanism. We show that constitutively active Rab10 arrests the receptor within Rab5-positive early endosomes and significantly hinders the resensitization of M4-mediated Ca2+ signaling. Mechanistically, M4 binds to Rab10-GTP, which requires the motif 386RKKRQMAA393 (R386-A393) within the third intracellular loop. Moreover, Rab10-GTP inactivates Arf6 by recruiting the Arf6 GTPase-activating protein, ACAP1. Strikingly, deletion of the motif R386-A393 causes M4 to bypass the control by Rab10 and switch to the Rab4-facilitated fast recycling pathway, thus reusing the receptor. Therefore, Rab10 couples the cargo sorting and membrane trafficking regulation through cycle between GTP-bound and GDP-bound state. Our findings suggest a model that Rab10 binds to the M4 like a molecular brake and controls the receptor's transport through endosomes, thus modulating the signaling, and this regulation is specific among the mAChR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Xuemeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shumin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Rongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Tomàs J, Lanuza MA, Santafé MM, Cilleros-Mañé V, Just-Borràs L, Balanyà-Segura M, Polishchuk A, Nadal L, Tomàs M, Garcia N. Muscarinic Receptors in Developmental Axonal Competition at the Neuromuscular Junction. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1580-93. [PMID: 36526930 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, we have studied by immunohistochemistry, intracellular recording, and western blotting the role of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs; M1, M2, and M4 subtypes) in the mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ) during development and in the adult. Here, we evaluate our published data to emphasize the mAChRs' relevance in developmental synaptic elimination and their crosstalk with other metabotropic receptors, downstream kinases, and voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). The presence of mAChRs in the presynaptic membrane of motor nerve terminals allows an autocrine mechanism in which the secreted acetylcholine influences the cell itself in feedback. mAChR subtypes are coupled to different downstream pathways, so their feedback can move in a broad range between positive and negative. Moreover, mAChRs allow direct activity-dependent interaction through ACh release between the multiple competing axons during development. Additional regulation from pre- and postsynaptic sites (including neurotrophic retrograde control), the agonistic and antagonistic contributions of adenosine receptors (AR; A1 and A2A), and the tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB) cooperate with mAChRs in the axonal competitive interactions which lead to supernumerary synapse elimination that achieves the optimized monoinnervation of musculoskeletal cells. The metabotropic receptor-driven balance between downstream PKA and PKC activities, coupled to developmentally regulated VGCC, explains much of how nerve terminals with different activities finally progress to their withdrawal or strengthening.
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Li Y, Yang XY, Jin N, Zhen C, Zhu SY, Chu WY, Zhang HH, Xu AP, Wu J, Wang MY, Zheng C. Activation of M 3-AChR and IP 3/Ca 2+/PKC signaling pathways by pilocarpine increases glycine-induced currents in ventral horn neurons of the spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 2022; 782:136690. [PMID: 35598692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to determine the effects of pilocarpine and the mechanisms involving muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) on glycine receptors (GlyRs) in neurons of the spinal cord ventral horn. An enzymatic digestion combined with acute mechanical separation was applied to isolate neurons from the spinal cord ventral horn. Patch-clamp recording was then used to investigate the outcomes of pilocarpine. Our results indicate that pilocarpine increased the glycine currents in a concentration-dependent manner, which was blocked by the M3-AChR selective antagonists 4-DAMP and J104129. Pilocarpine also enhanced the glycine currents in nominally Ca2+-free extracellular solution. Conversely, the enhancement of glycine currents by pilocarpine disappeared when intracellular Ca2+ was chelated by BAPTA. Heparin and Xe-C, which are IP3 receptor antagonists, also totally abolished the pilocarpine effect. Furthermore, Bis-IV, a PKC inhibitor, eliminated the pilocarpine effect. Additionally, PMA, a PKC activator, mimicked the pilocarpine effect. These results indicate that pilocarpine may increase the glycine currents by activating the M3-AChRs and IP3/Ca2+/PKC pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Na Jin
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Su-Yue Zhu
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Wan-Yu Chu
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Ai-Ping Xu
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Meng-Ya Wang
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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Sunami Y, Sugaya K, Miyakoshi N, Iwazaki O, Takahashi K. Association of autoantibodies to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with gastrointestinal symptoms and disease severity in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Immunol Res 2022. [PMID: 34993884 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a relationship between postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and positivity for serum autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the role of these autoantibodies in POTS is unclear. The present retrospective study analyzed the autoimmune etiology of POTS in 24 patients using a head-up tilt test to assess for any correlation between the clinical features of POTS and serum levels of autoantibodies against diverse GPCRs. In total, ten assessment items, including autonomic function tests, were analyzed. Of these, persistent, gastrointestinal symptoms and disease severity showed a significant association with the serum level of anti-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChRs) antibodies (gastrointestinal symptoms, M1, M2, M5; disease severity, M1, M3, M4, M5) [P <0.05]), while no significant association was found between the clinical features and autoantibodies against adrenergic receptors (α1, α2, β1, β2), angiotensin receptor 1, or endothelin receptor A. The patients were further divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and then were characterized by the ten assessment items and neuropsychological tests, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale score and Self-Rating Depression Scale score. The results demonstrated a clear difference between the two groups in terms of disease severity, age at onset (older or younger than 20 years), and processing speed index (P <0.05), which were highly consistent with the association between these clinical features and the levels of serum anti-mAChR antibodies, particularly the anti-M5 receptor antibody. These findings suggested that anti-mAChR antibodies may play an important role in a subgroup of POTS patients with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Mito K, Sato T, Ishikawa R, Ramadhani R, Okada Y, Hirohata Y, Saito T, Ishii H. Age-related decrease of cholinergic parasympathetic reflex vasodilation in the rat masseter muscle. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104214. [PMID: 34217740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hemodynamics, including that in jaw muscles, is an important in their functions and is modulated by aging. Marked blood flow increases mediated by parasympathetic vasodilation may be important for blood flow in the masseter muscle (MBF); however, the relationship between parasympathetic vasodilation and aging is unclear. We examined the effect of aging on parasympathetic vasodilation evoked by trigeminal afferent inputs and their mechanisms by investigating the MBF during stimulation of the lingual nerve (LN) in young and old urethane-anesthetized and vago-sympathectomized rats. Electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the LN elicited intensity- and frequency-dependent increases in MBF in young rats, while these increases were significantly reduced in old rats. Increases in the MBF evoked by LN stimulation in the young rats were greatly reduced by hexamethonium and atropine administration. Increases in MBF in young rats were produced by exogenous acetylcholine in a dose-dependent manner, whereas acetylcholine did not influence the MBF in old rats. Significant levels of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor type 1 (MR1) and type 3 (MR3) mRNA were observed in the masseter muscle in young rats, but not in old rats. Our results indicate that cholinergic parasympathetic reflex vasodilation evoked by trigeminal afferent inputs to the masseter muscle is reduced by aging and that this reduction may be mediated by suppression of the expression of MR1 and MR3 in the masseter muscle with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Mito
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rina Ishikawa
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ratna Ramadhani
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Okada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirohata
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Saito
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Ishii
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Rowe CC, Krishnadas N, Ackermann U, Doré V, Goh RYW, Guzman R, Chong L, Bozinovski S, Mulligan R, Kanaan R, Dean B, Villemagne VL. PET Imaging of brain muscarinic receptors with 18F-Fluorobenzyl-Dexetimide: A first in human study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 316:111354. [PMID: 34399286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
M1 and M4 muscarinic receptor (mAChR) agonists are under development for the treatment of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. We performed first-in-human PET imaging of mAChR with 18F-Fluorobenzyl-Dexetimide (FDEX) in 10 healthy participants (29.4±4.3yrs). Four underwent dynamic brain scanning for 240 min, and then six underwent static brain scans at 120 and 160-min post injection of 250 MBq of FDEX. Gjedde-Patlak graphical analysis was applied to determine the influx constant (Ki). Regional tissue ratios (SUVR) were calculated using the cerebellar cortex as the reference region. No adverse events were observed. The tracer showed good brain entry (∼4.2% ID at 5 min) but irreversible distribution kinetics over four hours in regions of high mAChR. Binding was consistent with the distribution of mAChR receptors with striatum > cortex > hippocampus >> thalamus >>> cerebellum with low variance in regional binding between subjects. Ki was 0.42±0.04 in the putamen, 0.27±0.01 in frontal cortex, 0.25±0.02 in the hippocampus and 0.10±0.01 in the thalamus. SUVR at 120 and 240 min. were highly correlated with these Ki values with R2 of 0.91 and 0.99 respectively. FDEX yields high quality brain images with uptake in the known distribution of mAChR with remarkably little variance between normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3070, Australia.
| | - Natasha Krishnadas
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Uwe Ackermann
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Vincent Doré
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia; The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Rachel Y W Goh
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Rodney Guzman
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Lee Chong
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Svetlana Bozinovski
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Rachel Mulligan
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Richard Kanaan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3070, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; The Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
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Weinhart CG, Wifling D, Schmidt MF, Neu E, Höring C, Clark T, Gmeiner P, Keller M. Dibenzodiazepinone-type muscarinic receptor antagonists conjugated to basic peptides: Impact of the linker moiety and unnatural amino acids on M 2R selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113159. [PMID: 33571911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The family of human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MRs) is characterized by a high sequence homology among the five subtypes (M1R-M5R), being the reason for a lack of subtype selective MR ligands. In continuation of our work on dualsteric dibenzodiazepinone-type M2R antagonists, a series of M2R ligands containing a dibenzodiazepinone pharmacophore linked to small basic peptides was synthesized (64 compounds). The linker moiety was varied with respect to length, number of basic nitrogens (0-2) and flexibility. Besides proteinogenic basic amino acids (Lys, Arg), shorter homologues of Lys and Arg, containing three and two methylene groups, respectively, as well as D-configured amino acids were incorporated. The type of linker had a marked impact on M2R affinity and also effected M2R selectivity. In contrast, the structure of the basic peptide rather determined M2R selectivity than M2R affinity. For example, the most M2R selective compound (UR-CG188, 89) with picomolar M2R affinity (pKi 9.60), exhibited a higher M2R selectivity (ratio of Ki M1R/M2R/M3R/M4R/M5R: 110:1:5200:55:2300) compared to the vast majority of reported M2R preferring MR ligands. For selected ligands, M2R antagonism was confirmed in a M2R miniG protein recruitment assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna G Weinhart
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eduard Neu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Ozenil M, Pacher K, Balber T, Vraka C, Roller A, Holzer W, Spreitzer H, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Pichler V. Enhanced arecoline derivatives as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 ligands for potential application as PET radiotracers. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112623. [PMID: 32717485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Supported by their involvement in many neurodegenerative disorders, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are an interesting target for PET imaging. Nevertheless, no radiotracer is established in clinical routine. Within this work we aim to develop novel PET tracers based on the structure of arecoline. Fifteen novel arecoline derivatives were synthesized, characterized and tested for their affinity to the mAChRs M1-M5 and the conceivable off-target acetylcholinesterase. Five arecoline derivatives and arecoline were labeled with carbon-11 in good yields. Arecaidine diphenylmethyl ester (3b), arecaidine bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl ester (3c) and arecaidine (4-bromophenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)methyl ester (3e) showed a tremendous gain in mAChR affinity compared to arecoline and a pronounced subtype selectivity for M1. Metabolic stability and serum protein binding of [11C]3b and [11C]3c were in line with properties of established brain tracers. Nonspecific binding of [11C]3c was prevalent in kinetic and endpoint experiment on living cells as well as in autoradiography on native mouse brain sections, which motivates us to decrease the lipophilicity of this substance class prior to in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Pacher
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Balber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Spreitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Greig CJ, Armenia SJ, Cowles RA. The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in the crypt stem cell compartment mediates intestinal mucosal growth. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1194-1199. [PMID: 32611198 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220938375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Localization of a specific subtype of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in the crypt stem cell compartment suggests a critical role in intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Here we demonstrate the localization of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to the stem cell compartment and demonstrate increase morphometric and proliferative parameters when this is stimulated in vivo. These data provide novel information about this complex signaling microenvironment and offer potential future therapeutic targets for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chasen J Greig
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sarah J Armenia
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Robert A Cowles
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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12
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Cselényi Z, Jucaite A, Kristensson C, Stenkrona P, Ewing P, Varrone A, Johnström P, Schou M, Vazquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Bolin M, Siikanen J, Grybäck P, Larsson B, Halldin C, Grime K, Eriksson UG, Farde L. Quantification and reliability of [ 11C]VC - 002 binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the human lung - a test-retest PET study in control subjects. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:59. [PMID: 32495011 PMCID: PMC7270393 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radioligand [11C]VC-002 was introduced in a small initial study long ago for imaging of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in human lungs using positron emission tomography (PET). The objectives of the present study in control subjects were to advance the methodology for quantification of [11C]VC-002 binding in lung and to examine the reliability using a test-retest paradigm. This work constituted a self-standing preparatory step in a larger clinical trial aiming at estimating mAChR occupancy in the human lungs following inhalation of mAChR antagonists. METHODS PET measurements using [11C]VC-002 and the GE Discovery 710 PET/CT system were performed in seven control subjects at two separate occasions, 2-19 days apart. One subject discontinued the study after the first measurement. Radioligand binding to mAChRs in lung was quantified using an image-derived arterial input function. The total distribution volume (VT) values were obtained on a regional and voxel-by-voxel basis. Kinetic one-tissue and two-tissue compartment models (1TCM, 2TCM), analysis based on linearization of the compartment models (multilinear Logan) and image analysis by data-driven estimation of parametric images based on compartmental theory (DEPICT) were applied. The test-retest repeatability of VT estimates was evaluated by absolute variability (VAR) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS The 1TCM was the statistically preferred model for description of [11C]VC-002 binding in the lungs. Low VAR (< 10%) across analysis methods indicated good reliability of the PET measurements. The VT estimates were stable after 60 min. CONCLUSIONS The kinetic behaviour and good repeatability of [11C]VC-002 as well as the novel lung image analysis methodology support its application in applied studies on drug-induced mAChR receptor occupancy and the pathophysiology of pulmonary disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03097380, registered: 31 March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Ewing
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Bolin
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Siikanen
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Grybäck
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Larsson
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ken Grime
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Luo L, Zhang G, Mao L, Wang P, Xi C, Shi G, Leavenworth JW. Group II muscarinic acetylcholine receptors attenuate hepatic injury via Nrf2/ARE pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 395:114978. [PMID: 32234387 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction is common in patients with liver disease. We have previously shown that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs) play an important role in the regulation of hepatic fibrosis and that the receptor agonists and antagonists affect hepatocyte proliferation. However, little is known about the impact of the different mAchR subtypes and associated signaling pathways on liver injury. Here, we treated the human liver cell line HL7702 with 10 mmol/L carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) to induce hepatocyte damage. We found that CCL4 treatment increased the protein levels of group I mAchRs (M1, M3, M5) but reduced the expression of group II mAchRs (M2, M4) and activated the Nrf2/ARE and MAPK signaling pathways. Although overexpression of M1, M3, or M5 led to hepatocyte damage with an intact Nrf2/ARE pathway, overexpression of M2 or M4 increased, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of either M2 or M4 decreased the protein levels of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes. Moreover, CCL4 treatment increased serum ALT levels more significantly, but only induced slight changes in the expression of mAchRs, NQO1 and HO1, while reducing the expression of M2 and M4 in liver tissues of Nrf2-/- mice compared to wild type mice. Our findings suggest that group II mAchRs, M2 and M4, activate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, which regulates the expression of M2 and M4, to protect the liver from CCL4-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, PR China..
| | | | - Liuliu Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, PR China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenghao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, PR China
| | - Gaoyong Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, PR China
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA..
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14
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Memar O, Jabbehdari S, Caughlin B, Djalilian AR. Ocular surface involvement in pemphigus vulgaris: An interdisciplinary review. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:40-6. [PMID: 31614200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A review of the published literature on the history, pathogenesis, and treatment of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and its ocular involvement. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), and google scholar for pemphigus vulgaris and ocular PV. Inclusion criteria were given to meta-analysis, case-controlled studies, and documented case reports. The data were examined and independently analyzed by more than two of the authors. RESULTS PV is a humoral autoimmune disease with a preponderance of IgG4 anti-desmoglein 3 antibodies. Upon antibody binding, there is an intracellular signaling mechanism that leads to blister formation. Ocular findings are seen in up to 16% of PV patients with conjunctivitis being the most common clinical presentation. New steroid-sparing agents have helped with the control of this deadly disease, and with better understanding of the pathogenesis of PV, other cytokine blockers currently available are promising steroid-sparing agents. CONCLUSIONS Ocular pemphigus can occasionally present prior to mucocutaneous findings. Recalcitrant conjunctivitis with conjunctival blisters should warrant a workup for systemic PV.
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15
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Lee NR, Gujarathi S, Bommagani S, Siripurapu K, Zheng G, Dwoskin LP. Muscarinic agonist, (±)-quinuclidin-3-yl-(4-fluorophenethyl)(phenyl)carbamate: High affinity, but low subtype selectivity for human M 1 - M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:471-476. [PMID: 30554957 PMCID: PMC7160324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel quinuclidinyl N-phenylcarbamate analogs were synthesized, and binding affinities at M1-M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes were determined using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell membranes stably expressing one specific subtype of human mAChR. Although not subtype selective, the lead analog (±)-quinuclidin-3-yl-(4-fluorophenethyl)(phenyl)carbamate (3c) exhibited the highest affinity (Ki = 2.0, 13, 2.6, 2.2, 1.8 nM) at each of the M1-M5 mAChRs, respectively. Based on results from the [3H]dopamine release assay using rat striatal slices, 3c acted as an agonist at mAChRs. The effect of 3c was inhibited by the nonselective mAChR antagonist, scopolamine, and 3c augmented release evoked by oxotremorine. A potent analog from the same scaffold, (±)-quinuclidin-3-yl-(4-methoxyphenethyl)(phenyl)-carbamate (3b) exhibited the greatest selectivity (17-fold) at M3 over M2 mAChRs. These analogs could serve as leads for further discovery of novel subtype-selective muscarinic ligands with the goal of providing therapeutics for substance use disorders and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Satheesh Gujarathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Shobanbabu Bommagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Kiranbabu Siripurapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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16
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Sales ME, Español AJ, Salem AR, Pulido PM, Sanchez Y, Sanchez F. Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Breast Cancer: Design of Metronomic Chemotherapy. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2019; 14:91-100. [PMID: 30501602 PMCID: PMC7011678 DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666181203095437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have attracted interest as targets for therapeutic interventions in different illnesses like Alzheimer´s disease, viral infections and different tumors. Regarding the latter, many authors have studied each subtype of mAChRs, which seem to be involved in the progression of distinct types of malignancies. METHODS We carefully revised research literature focused on mAChRs expression and signaling as well as in their involvement in cancer progression and treatment. The characteristics of screened papers were described using the mentioned conceptual framework. RESULTS Muscarinic antagonists and agonists have been assayed for the treatment of tumors established in lung, brain and breast with beneficial effects. We described an up-regulation of mAChRs in mammary tumors and the lack of expression in non-tumorigenic breast cells and normal mammary tissues. We and others demonstrated that muscarinic agonists can trigger anti-tumor actions in a dose-dependent manner on tumors originated in different organs like brain or breast. At pharmacological concentrations, they exert similar effects to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Metronomic chemotherapy refers to the administration of anti-cancer drugs at low doses with short intervals among them, and it is a different regimen applied in cancer treatment reducing malignant growth and angiogenesis, and very low incidence of adverse effects. CONCLUSION The usage of subthreshold concentrations of muscarinic agonists combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents could be a promising tool for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E. Sales
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET. 2da Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Español
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET. 2da Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina R. Salem
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET. 2da Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola M. Pulido
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET. 2da Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Y. Sanchez
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET. 2da Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Sanchez
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET. 2da Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Randáková A, Dolejší E, Rudajev V, Zimčík P, Doležal V, El-Fakahany EE, Jakubík J. Role of membrane cholesterol in differential sensitivity of muscarinic receptor subtypes to persistently bound xanomeline. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:129-144. [PMID: 29407765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Xanomeline (3-(Hexyloxy)-4-(1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-1,2,5-thiadiazole) is a muscarinic agonist that is considered to be functionally selective for the M1/M4 receptor subtypes. Part of xanomeline binding is resistant to washing. Wash-resistant xanomeline activates muscarinic receptors persistently, except for the M5 subtype. Mutation of leucine 6.46 to isoleucine at M1 or M4 receptors abolished persistent activation by wash-resistant xanomeline. Reciprocal mutation of isoleucine 6.46 to leucine at the M5 receptor made it sensitive to activation by wash-resistant xanomeline. Lowering of membrane cholesterol made M1 and M4 mutants and M5 wild type receptors sensitive to activation by wash-resistant xanomeline. Molecular docking revealed a cholesterol binding site in the groove between transmembrane helices 6 and 7. Molecular dynamics showed that interaction of cholesterol with this binding site attenuates receptor activation. We hypothesize that differences in cholesterol binding to this site between muscarinic receptor subtypes may constitute the basis for xanomeline apparent functional selectivity and may have notable therapeutic implications. Differences in receptor-membrane interactions, rather than in agonist-receptor interactions, represent a novel possibility to achieve pharmacological selectivity. Our findings may be applicable to other G protein coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Randáková
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Dolejší
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Rudajev
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zimčík
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Doležal
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Esam E El-Fakahany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jan Jakubík
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Chowanski S, Rosinski G. Myotropic Effects of Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonists and Antagonists in the Beetle Tenebrio molitor L. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2018; 18:1088-1097. [PMID: 29366413 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666180124233440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammals, the cholinergic nervous system plays a crucial role in neuronal regulation of physiological processes. It acts on cells by two types of receptors - nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Both signal transmission pathways also operate in the central and peripheral cholinergic nervous system of insects. METHOD In our pharmacological experiments, we studied the effects of two muscarinic agonists (carbachol, pilocarpine) and two muscarinic antagonists (atropine, scopolamine) on the muscle contractile activity of visceral organs in the beetle, Tenebrio molitor. RESULTS Both antagonists, when injected to haemolymph at concentration 10-5 M, caused delayed and prolonged cardioinhibitory effects on heart contractility in ortho- and antidromic phases of heart activity in T. molitor pupa what was observed as negative chrono- and inotropic effects. Agonist of muscarinic receptors - carbachol evoked opposite effect and increased contraction rate but only in antidromic phase. Pilocarpine, the second agonist induced weak negative chronotropic effects in the antiand orthodromic phases of heart activity. However, neither agonists had an effect on semi-isolated beetle heart in vitro. Only atropine at the highest tested concentrations slightly decreased the frequency of myocardial contractions. These suggest the regulation of heart activity by muscarinic system indirectly. The tested compounds also affected the contractility of the oviduct and hindgut, but the responses of these organs were varied and depended on the concentration of the applied compounds. CONCLUSION These pharmacological experiments suggest the possible modulation of insect visceral muscle contractility by the cholinergic nervous system and indirectly indicate the presence of muscarinic receptor(s) in the visceral organs of the beetle T. molitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Chowanski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rosinski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sparks
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Éliane Proulx
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of OBGYN, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Galaj E, Ranaldi R. The strength of reward-related learning depends on the degree of activation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:65-73. [PMID: 29669266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether (1) the capacity of a reward-associated conditioned stimulus (CS) to cause conditioned activation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons is associated with its capacity to elicit conditioned approach responses and (2) whether the acquisition of these capacities by a CS requires N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptor stimulation. Rats were trained to emit a conditioned approach response to a light CS that was previously paired with food and were treated systemically with scopolamine (a mACh receptor antagonist) or MK-801 (an NMDA receptor antagonist) either prior to each conditioning session (during which animals experienced paired CS and food presentations) or prior to the conditioned approach (CS-only) test. Brains were harvested after the CS-only test and processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (DA cells) and c-fos in the VTA. When animals received scopolamine or MK-801 treatment prior to conditioning sessions we observed significantly fewer TH-labeled (i.e., DA) cells in the VTA that expressed c-fos and significantly less conditioned approach responding during the CS-only test. Further analysis showed a correlation between the number of VTA DA cells activated and the number of conditioned approach responses. Treatments made prior to the CS-only test did not affect responding. Altogether these results suggest that the degree to which a CS elicits conditioned approach depends partially on the degree to which the CS activates VTA DA cells and that the acquisition of both of these capacities by a CS requires mACh and NMDA receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galaj
- Neuropsychology Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - R Ranaldi
- Neuropsychology Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA.
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Olianas MC, Dedoni S, Onali P. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Potentiate 5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Stimulation and Glucose Uptake Triggered by Thapsigargin-Induced Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:245-258. [PMID: 28994003 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of the cellular energy metabolism and may induce either cell survival or death. We previously reported that in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) activate AMPK by triggering store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). However, whether mAChRs may control AMPK activity by regulating additional mechanisms beyond SOCE remains to be investigated. In the present study we examined the effects of mAChRs on AMPK when SOCE was induced by the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin. We found that in SH-SY5Y cells depleted of Ca2+ by thapsigargin, the re-addition Ca2+ to the medium stimulated AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172, which is required for full kinase activity. This response occurred through SOCE, as it was blocked by either the SOCE modulator 2-aminoethoxydiphephenyl borate, knockdown of the SOCE molecular component STIM1, or inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ). In thapsigargin-pretreated cells, stimulation of pharmacologically defined M3 mAChRs potentiated SOCE-induced AMPK activation. This potentiation did not involve an increased Ca2+ influx, but was associated with CaM mobilization from membrane to cytosol, increased CaM/CaMKKβ interaction, and enhanced CaMKK stimulation by thapsigargin-induced SOCE. In thapsigargin-pretreated cells Ca2+ re-addition stimulated glucose uptake and increased the membrane expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1. Both responses were significantly potentiated by mAChRs. These data indicate that in human neuroblastoma cells mAChRs up-regulate AMPK and the downstream glucose uptake by triggering not only SOCE but also CaM translocation and enhanced formation of active CaM/CaMKKβ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Bock A, Schrage R, Mohr K. Allosteric modulators targeting CNS muscarinic receptors. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:427-437. [PMID: 28935216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are broadly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues in the periphery. They emerge as important drug targets for a number of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. Muscarinic receptors are divided into five subtypes (M1-M5) of which M1-M4 have been crystalized. All subtypes possess at least one allosteric binding site which is located in the extracellular region of the receptor on top of the ACh (i.e. orthosteric) binding site. The former can be specifically targeted by chemical compounds (mostly small molecules) and binding of such allosteric modulators affects the affinity and/or efficacy of orthosteric ligands. This allows highly specific modulation of GPCR function and, from a drug discovery point of view, may be advantageous in terms of subtype selectivity and biased signaling. There is a plethora of allosteric modulators for all five muscarinic receptor subtypes. This review presents the basic principles of allosteric modulation of GPCRs on both the molecular and structural level focusing on allosteric modulators of the muscarinic receptor family. Further we discuss dualsteric (i.e. bitopic orthosteric/allosteric) ligands emphasizing their potential in modulating muscarinic receptor dynamics and signaling. The common mechanisms of muscarinic receptor allosteric modulation have been proven to be generalizable and are at play at many, if not all GPCRs. Given this paradigmatic role of muscarinic receptors we suggest that also new developments in muscarinic allosteric modulation may also be extended to other members of the GPCR superfamily. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neuropharmacology on Muscarinic Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bock
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ramona Schrage
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Galaj E, Nisanov R, Ranaldi R. Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area blocks the acquisition of reward-related learning. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:20-25. [PMID: 28442362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated whether stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays a role in the acquisition of food-based conditioned approach learning. Rats were exposed to 3 (in Experiment 1) or 7 (in Experiment 2) conditioning sessions in which 30, randomly presented light (CS) presentations were paired with delivery of food pellets (US), followed by one session with no light or food and finally one CS-only test session with only light stimulus presentations. Bilateral microinjections of scopolamine (a mACh receptor antagonist) were made either prior to each conditioning session (Experiment 1; to test effects on acquisition) or prior to the CS-only test (Experiment 2; to test effects on performance of the learned response). Scopolamine produced a dose-related significant reduction in the acquisition of conditioned approach but had no effect on its performance. These results suggest that mACh receptor stimulation in the VTA plays a necessary role in the acquisition of reward-related learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galaj
- Neuropsychology Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - R Nisanov
- Neuropsychology Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - R Ranaldi
- Neuropsychology Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing NY 11367, USA.
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Kim JE, Go J, Sung JE, Lee HA, Yun WB, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Uridine stimulate laxative effect in the loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats through regulation of the mAChRs signaling pathway and mucin secretion. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:21. [PMID: 28122499 PMCID: PMC5267432 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uridine (Urd), which has been reported as a major component of RNA, plays an important role in various biological process including neuroprotection, biochemical modulation and glycolysis, although its role in constipation has yet to be established. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the laxative effects of Urd on chronic constipation. Methods The constipation phenotypes and their related mechanisms were investigated in the transverse colons of SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with 100 mg/kg of Urd. Results The number, weight and water contents of stools were significantly higher in the Lop + Urd treated group than the Lop + Vehicle treated group, while food intake and water consumption of the same group were maintained at a constant level. The thickness of the mucosa layer, muscle and flat luminal surface, as well as the number of goblet cells, paneth cells and lipid droplets were enhanced in the Lop + Urd treated group. Furthermore, the expression of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2 and M3 (mAChR M2 and M3) at the transcriptional and translational level was recovered in the Lop + Urd treated group, while some markers such as Gα and inositol triphosphate (IP3) in their downstream signaling pathway were completely recovered by Urd treatment. Moreover, the ability for mucin secretion and the expression of membrane water channel (aquaporine 8, AQP8) were increased significantly in the Lop + Urd treated group compared with Lop + Vehicle treated group. Finally, the activity of Urd was confirmed in primary smooth muscle of rat intestine cells (pRISMC) based on Gα expression and IP3 concentration. Conclusions The results of the present study provide the first strong evidence that Urd can be considered an important candidate for improving chronic constipation induced by Lop treatment in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, 361-763, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea.
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25
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Lee NR, Zhang X, Darna M, Dwoskin LP, Zheng G. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding affinities of pethidine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5032-5. [PMID: 26494260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of pethidine analogs were synthesized and their affinities for the [(3)H]N-methyl-scopolamine (NMS) binding site on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) were determined using M1, M3 or M5 human mAChRs expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell membranes. Compound 6b showed the highest binding affinities at M1, M3 and M5 mAChRs (Ki=0.67, 0.37, and 0.38 μM, respectively).
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26
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Bommagani S, Lee NR, Zhang X, Dwoskin LP, Zheng G. Synthesis of O- and N-alkylated products of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[ c][2,7]naphthyrin-5(6 H)-one. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:6472-6474. [PMID: 26663991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient syntheses of O- and N-alkylated products of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[c][2,7]naphthyrin-5(6H)-one are presented. The O-alkylated analogues were synthesized through a reduction-cyclization cascade and a selective O-alkylation reaction; whereas the N-alkylated analogues were obtained through a key Buchwald coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobanbabu Bommagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Na-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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27
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Español AJ, Salem A, Rojo D, Sales ME. Participation of non-neuronal muscarinic receptors in the effect of carbachol with paclitaxel on human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Roles of nitric oxide synthase and arginase. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:87-92. [PMID: 25812766 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and represents a major issue in public health. The most frequent methods to treat these tumors are surgery and/or chemotherapy. The latter can exert not only beneficial effects by reducing tumor growth and metastasis, but also toxic actions on normal tissues. Metronomic therapy involves the use of low doses of cytotoxic drugs alone or in combination to improve efficacy and to reduce adverse effects. We have previously reported that breast tumors highly express functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) that regulate tumor progression. For this reason, mAChRs could be considered as therapeutic targets in breast cancer. In this paper, we investigated the ability of a combination of the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel plus carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, at low doses, to induce death in breast tumor MCF-7 cells, via mAChR activation, and the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase in this effect. We observed that the combination of carbachol plus paclitaxel at subthreshold doses significantly increased cytotoxicity in tumor cells without affecting MCF-10A cells, derived from human normal mammary gland. This effect was reduced in the presence of the muscarinic antagonist atropine. The combination also increased nitric oxide production by NOS1 and NOS3 via mAChR activation, concomitantly with an up-regulation of NOS3 expression. The latter effects were accompanied by a reduction in arginase II activity. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that mAChRs expressed in breast tumor cells could be considered as candidates to become targets for metronomic therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Javier Español
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-(CONICET) 2° Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Salem
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-(CONICET) 2° Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Rojo
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-(CONICET) 2° Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Elena Sales
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-(CONICET) 2° Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Pannell M, Meier MA, Szulzewsky F, Matyash V, Endres M, Kronenberg G, Prinz V, Waiczies S, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H. The subpopulation of microglia expressing functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expands in stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:1157-72. [PMID: 25523105 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglia undergo a process of activation in pathology which is controlled by many factors including neurotransmitters. We found that a subpopulation (11 %) of freshly isolated adult microglia respond to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol with a Ca(2+) increase and a subpopulation of similar size (16 %) was observed by FACS analysis using an antibody against the M3 receptor subtype. The carbachol-sensitive population increased in microglia/brain macrophages isolated from tissue of mouse models for stroke (60 %) and Alzheimer's disease (25 %), but not for glioma and multiple sclerosis. Microglia cultured from adult and neonatal brain contained a carbachol-sensitive subpopulation (8 and 9 %), which was increased by treatment with interferon-γ to around 60 %. This increase was sensitive to blockers of protein synthesis and correlated with an upregulation of the M3 receptor subtype and with an increased expression of MHC-I and MHC-II. Carbachol was a chemoattractant for microglia and decreased their phagocytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pannell
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Almut Meier
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vitali Matyash
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Prinz
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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Yasuda K, Sumi G, Kanamori C, Nakajima T, Tsuzuki T, Cho H, Nishigaki A, Okada H, Kanzaki H. Effects of ovarian hormone treatment on the gene expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ovariectomized rat myometrium. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:81-9. [PMID: 24583025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of ovarian hormone on the gene expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-M5) in the myometrium using real-time PCR and evaluate the relationships between their expression and that of ovarian hormone receptors (ERα, ERβ, and PgR). Wistar rats were sham operated (SO) or ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with vehicle, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), or both E2 and P4 for 2 days beginning on postoperative day 33. M1 and M4 mRNA expressions were not detected in the myometrium. M2 mRNA expression did not change significantly in the OVX and OVX+P4 groups compared to the SO group, but increased significantly in the OVX+E2 group and was normalized in the OVX+E2P4 group. M3 mRNA expression increased significantly in the OVX and OVX+P4 groups compared to the SO group, but was normalized in the OVX+E2 and OVX+E2P4 groups. M5 mRNA expression did not change significantly in all experimental groups. ERα mRNA expression increased significantly in the OVX, OVX+E2, and OVX+P4 groups compared to the SO group, but was normalized in the OVX+E2P4 group. The changes in ERβ mRNA expression were similar to those of M3 mRNA expression in all experimental groups. In contrast, the changes in PgR mRNA expression did not correspond with that of M2, M3, or M5 mRNA expression in any of the experimental groups. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and ovarian hormone receptors in estrus cycle. M2 mRNA expression increased significantly in diestus and metaestrus compared in proestrus and estrus. M3 mRNA expression increased significantly in only diestrus compared in the other stages. In contrast, M5 mRNA expression did not change in estrus cycle. The changes in ERα mRNA expression appeared to be similar to those of M2 in estrus cycle, but no significant difference was found. The changes in ERβ mRNA expression were similar to those of M3 mRNA expression. The change in PgR mRNA expression increased significantly in diestrus compared in metaestrus, but did not correspond with that of M2, M3, or M5 mRNA expression in estrus cycle. When acetylcholine sensitivity in the myometrium was compared between diestrus and estrus, the sensitivity is significantly lower in estrus than in diestrus. These results suggest that ovarian hormones influence the expression of M2 and M3 in the myometrium by regulating the expression of hormone receptors. E2 may upregulate M2 via ERα, but P4 may downregulate M2 by inhibiting ERα via PgR. E2 may downregulate M3 by inhibiting ERβ, but P4 may not regulate the expression of M3 and ERβ. M5 may be a constitutive muscarinic receptor in the myometrium because neither E2 nor P4 influence the expression of M5. The combination of E2 and P4 may contribute the reproduction by quieting down the acetylcholine-induced myometrial contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yasuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Takii Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Japan.
| | - Genichiro Sumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Takii Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kanamori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Takii Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Takii Hospital, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Hisayuu Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Hideharu Kanzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
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da Silva Júnior ED, de Souza BP, Rodrigues JQD, Caricati-Neto A, Jurkiewicz A, Jurkiewicz NH. Functional characterization of acetylcholine receptors and calcium signaling in rat testicular capsule contraction. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:405-13. [PMID: 23872374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The motor activity of mammalian testicular capsule (TC) contributes to male fertility and infertility, but the acetylcholine receptors related to the contractions induced by cholinergic drugs are poorly known. Indeed to characterize the acetylcholine receptors and cellular signaling by Ca(2+) involved in TC motor activity of rats, the potency of agonists (pD₂) and antagonists (pA₂) of acetylcholine receptors, and effects of Ca(2+) cellular transport blockers on the cholinergic contractions were evaluated. pD₂ values of acetylcholine (5.98) were ten-fold higher than that of carbachol (4.99). Efficacy (Emax) of acetylcholine and carbachol to induce contractions corresponded to 95% and 97% of Emax for KCl, but Emax for nicotine was very low (8% of Emax for KCl). Further, physostigmine did not affect the acetylcholine potency. Contractions induced by acetylcholine or carbachol were antagonized by muscarinic but not nicotinic antagonist. The order of pA₂ values obtained for muscarinic antagonists, namely atropine>4-DAMP>AF-DX116>pirenzepine, corresponded to a typical profile of M3 receptors. Contractions induced by acetylcholine or carbachol were inhibited by blockers of Ca(2+) influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels (nifedipine and Ni(2+)), Ca(2+) reuptake by sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (cyclopiazonic acid) and mitochondria (FCCP). The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine only affected the acetylcholine-induced contraction. These results suggest that TC motor activity of rats are mediated mainly by M₃ receptors followed by the increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration regulated by voltage-dependent calcium channels, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Furthermore, the differential effects of chelerythrine in the acetylcholine or carbachol-induced contractions are discussed.
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