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Ma D, Deng W, Khera Z, Sajitha TA, Wang X, Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Lee S, Shi H, Ju MJ, Matsubara J, Beg MF, Sarunic M, Sappington RM, Chan KC. Early inner plexiform layer thinning and retinal nerve fiber layer thickening in excitotoxic retinal injury using deep learning-assisted optical coherence tomography. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:19. [PMID: 38303097 PMCID: PMC10835918 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity from the impairment of glutamate uptake constitutes an important mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Within the eye, excitotoxicity is thought to play a critical role in retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia, and optic nerve injury, yet how excitotoxic injury impacts different retinal layers is not well understood. Here, we investigated the longitudinal effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic retinal injury in a rat model using deep learning-assisted retinal layer thickness estimation. Before and after unilateral intravitreal NMDA injection in nine adult Long Evans rats, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to acquire volumetric retinal images in both eyes over 4 weeks. Ten retinal layers were automatically segmented from the OCT data using our deep learning-based algorithm. Retinal degeneration was evaluated using layer-specific retinal thickness changes at each time point (before, and at 3, 7, and 28 days after NMDA injection). Within the inner retina, our OCT results showed that retinal thinning occurred first in the inner plexiform layer at 3 days after NMDA injection, followed by the inner nuclear layer at 7 days post-injury. In contrast, the retinal nerve fiber layer exhibited an initial thickening 3 days after NMDA injection, followed by normalization and thinning up to 4 weeks post-injury. Our results demonstrated the pathological cascades of NMDA-induced neurotoxicity across different layers of the retina. The early inner plexiform layer thinning suggests early dendritic shrinkage, whereas the initial retinal nerve fiber layer thickening before subsequent normalization and thinning indicates early inflammation before axonal loss and cell death. These findings implicate the inner plexiform layer as an early imaging biomarker of excitotoxic retinal degeneration, whereas caution is warranted when interpreting the ganglion cell complex combining retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer thicknesses in conventional OCT measures. Deep learning-assisted retinal layer segmentation and longitudinal OCT monitoring can help evaluate the different phases of retinal layer damage upon excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Ma
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Translational Eye and Vision Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Wenyu Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Zain Khera
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thajunnisa A Sajitha
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sieun Lee
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Haolun Shi
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Myeong Jin Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mirza Faisal Beg
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Marinko Sarunic
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca M Sappington
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Translational Eye and Vision Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kevin C Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Hainmueller T, Lewis L, Furer T. Case report: Anti N-methyl-D-aspartate autoimmune encephalitis following a mildly symptomatic COVID-19 infection in an adolescent male. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1270572. [PMID: 38111616 PMCID: PMC10725953 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1270572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are the most commonly identified cause of autoimmune encephalitis. While predominantly associated with malignancies, cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis have been reported after infections with the herpes-simplex virus or, more recently, in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Case presentation A previously healthy 17-year-old male adolescent acutely developed psychosis with auditory and visual hallucinations, fluctuating mental status, and an isolated seizure 5 weeks after a mildly symptomatic COVID-19 infection. The symptoms continued to worsen, accompanied by catatonia, and additional neurological symptoms developed during the initial antipsychotic treatment. A diagnostic workup revealed antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the cerebrospinal fluid without other major abnormalities. After establishing the diagnosis, initiation of immunomodulatory therapy stopped the symptom progression and led to full recovery within 2 months. Conclusion The case is remarkable in that anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis developed shortly after a COVID-19 infection in an adolescent, despite the individual experiencing only mild COVID symptoms. The diagnosis should be considered in cases of acute-onset psychotic symptoms during or after COVID-19 infection, particularly in individuals without a prior psychiatric history, who present with atypical psychiatric or neurological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hainmueller
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lambert Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at Hassenfeld Children's Hospital of New York at NYU Langone, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tzvi Furer
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at Hassenfeld Children's Hospital of New York at NYU Langone, New York, NY, United States
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Tian Z, Cao Z, Yang E, Li J, Liao D, Wang F, Wang T, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Jiang X, Li X, Luo P. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of the hippocampus reveal the involvement of NMDAR1 signaling in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2711-2719. [PMID: 37449635 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cumulative damage caused by repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can cause long-term neurodegeneration leading to cognitive impairment. This cognitive impairment is thought to result specifically from damage to the hippocampus. In this study, we detected cognitive impairment in mice 6 weeks after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury using the novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze test. Immunofluorescence staining showed that p-tau expression was increased in the hippocampus after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Golgi staining showed a significant decrease in the total density of neuronal dendritic spines in the hippocampus, as well as in the density of mature dendritic spines. To investigate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment due to hippocampal damage, we performed proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of the hippocampus with and without repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. The differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in inflammation, immunity, and coagulation, suggesting that non-neuronal cells are involved in the pathological changes that occur in the hippocampus in the chronic stage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. In contrast, differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were mainly enriched in pathways related to neuronal function and structure, which is more consistent with neurodegeneration. We identified N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 as a hub molecule involved in the response to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury , and western blotting showed that, while N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 expression was not altered in the hippocampus after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, its phosphorylation level was significantly increased, which is consistent with the omics results. Administration of GRP78608, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 antagonist, to the hippocampus markedly improved repetitive mild traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment. In conclusion, our findings suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 signaling in the hippocampus is involved in cognitive impairment in the chronic stage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and may be a potential target for intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zixuan Cao
- The Sixth Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Erwan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an; Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Taozhi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University; School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haofuzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Varma M, Ugale V, Shaukat J, Hollmann M, Shete P, Shravage B, Tayade S, Kumbhar A, Butcher R, Jani V, Sonavane U, Joshi R, Lokwani D, Kulkarni P. Novel alkyl-substituted 4-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones: Multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176028. [PMID: 37657740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting mental ability and interrupts neurocognitive functions. Treating multifactorial conditions of AD with a single-target-directed drug is highly difficult. Thus, a multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) development strategy has been developed as a promising approach for the treatment of AD. Herein, we have synthesized two novel thiosemicarbazones as MTDLs and reported their bioactivities against diverse neuropathological events involved in AD. In vitro studies revealed that both compounds exhibited promising anticholinesterase activity (AChE, IC50 = 15.98 μM, MZET and IC50 = 30.23 μM, MZMT), well supported by a detailed computational study. Both analogs have shown good thermodynamic behaviour and stability through interactions with characteristic amino acid residues throughout simulation of 100 ns against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. In an electrophysiology assay, these analogs have shown a characteristic inhibitory response against the GluN1-1a + GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Pre-treatment of BV-2 microglial cells with MZET effectively decreased nitrite production compared to nitrite produced by lipopolysaccharide-treated cells alone. Further, the effect of MZMT and MZET on autophagy regulation was determined using stably transfected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. MZET significantly enhanced the autophagy flux in neuroblastoma cells. A significant decrease in copper-catalysed oxidation of amyloid-β in presence of synthesized thiosemicarbazones was also observed. Collectively, our findings indicated that these analogs have potential as effective anti-AD candidates and can be used as a prototype to develop more safer multi-targeted anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokshada Varma
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Vinod Ugale
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India; Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
| | - Javeria Shaukat
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Hollmann
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Padmaja Shete
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Bhupendra Shravage
- Developmental Biology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Sakharam Tayade
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Avinash Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Ray Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Vinod Jani
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Deepak Lokwani
- Rajashri Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India.
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Hsu CK, Chang SJ, Lim LY, Chang HH, Shei-Dei Yang S. Methyl Palmitate Modulated NMDA-Induced Cerebral Hyperemia in Hypertensive Rats. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:137-147. [PMID: 37285812 DOI: 10.1159/000529916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were found to be dysfunctional in hypertensive rats. Methyl palmitate (MP) has been shown to diminish the nicotine-induced increase in blood flow in the brainstem. The aim of this study was to determine how MP modulated NMDA-induced increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normotensive (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and renovascular hypertensive (RHR) rats. The increase in rCBF after the topical application of experimental drugs was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. Topical NMDA application induced an MK-801-sensitive increase in rCBF in anesthetized WKY rats, which was inhibited by MP pretreatments. This inhibition was prevented by pretreatment with chelerythrine (a PKC inhibitor). The NMDA-induced increase in rCBF was also inhibited by the PKC activator in a concentration-dependent manner. Neither MP nor MK-801 affected the increase in rCBF induced by the topical application of acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside. Topical application of MP to the parietal cortex of SHRs, on the other hand, increased basal rCBF slightly but significantly. MP enhanced the NMDA-induced increase in rCBF in SHRs and RHRs. These results suggested that MP had a dual effect on the modulation of rCBF. MP appears to play a significant physiological role in CBF regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Li-Yi Lim
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Shei-Dei Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Li MW, Chao TC, Lim LY, Chang HH, Yang SSD. The Acute Effects and Mechanism of Ketamine on Nicotine-Induced Neurogenic Relaxation of the Corpus Cavernosum in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086976. [PMID: 37108139 PMCID: PMC10138932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the acute effects and the mechanism of ketamine on nicotine-induced relaxation of the corpus cavernosum (CC) in mice. This study measured the intra-cavernosal pressure (ICP) of male C57BL/6 mice and the CC muscle activities using an organ bath wire myograph. Various drugs were used to investigate the mechanism of ketamine on nicotine-induced relaxation. Direct ketamine injection into the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) inhibited MPG-induced increases in ICP. D-serine/L-glutamate-induced relaxation of the CC was inhibited by MK-801 (N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor), and nicotine-induced relaxation was enhanced by D-serine/L-glutamate. NMDA had no effect on CC relaxation. Nicotine-induced relaxation of the CC was suppressed by mecamylamine (a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist), lidocaine, guanethidine (an adrenergic neuronal blocker), Nw-nitro-L-arginine (a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), MK-801, and ketamine. This relaxation was almost completely inhibited in CC strips pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (a neurotoxic synthetic organic compound). Ketamine inhibited cavernosal nerve neurotransmission via direct action on the ganglion and impaired nicotine-induced CC relaxation. The relaxation of the CC was dependent on the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, which may be mediated by the NMDA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Li
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Chen Chao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Lim
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Shei-Dei Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Monteiro KLC, Dos Santos Alcântara MG, Freire NML, Brandão EM, do Nascimento VL, Dos Santos Viana LM, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. BACE-1 Inhibitors Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:131-148. [PMID: 37309767 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230612155953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is the main event related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Over the years, several disease-modulating approaches have been reported, but without clinical success. The amyloid cascade hypothesis evolved and proposed essential targets such as tau protein aggregation and modulation of β-secretase (β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 - BACE-1) and γ-secretase proteases. BACE-1 cuts the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release the C99 fragment, giving rise to several Aβ peptide species during the subsequent γ-secretase cleavage. In this way, BACE-1 has emerged as a clinically validated and attractive target in medicinal chemistry, as it plays a crucial role in the rate of Aβ generation. In this review, we report the main results of candidates in clinical trials such as E2609, MK8931, and AZD-3293, in addition to highlighting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic-related effects of the inhibitors already reported. The current status of developing new peptidomimetic, non-peptidomimetic, naturally occurring, and other class inhibitors are demonstrated, considering their main limitations and lessons learned. The goal is to provide a broad and complete approach to the subject, exploring new chemical classes and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcone Gomes Dos Santos Alcântara
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Monteiro Lins Freire
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esaú Marques Brandão
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lima do Nascimento
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Líbni Maísa Dos Santos Viana
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Wang Y, Zhou B, Fang S, Zhu S, Xu T, Dilikumaer M, Li G. Dynorphin participates in interaction between depression and non-erosive reflux disease. Esophagus 2023; 20:158-169. [PMID: 36244036 PMCID: PMC9813039 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-022-00955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the relationships between anxiety/depression and NERD, we focused on dynorphin (Dyn), an important member of visceral hypersensitivity, and its related pathways. METHODS Pearson's correlation analysis on patients with NERD and in vivo experiment on NERD rat model. Part 1: Pearson's correlation analysis among serum levels of Dyn, clinical symptoms and HADS scores of NERD patients were carried on. Part 2: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group and model group. The data of pH value, immobility time, serum Dyn concentration, NMDAR1 and SP expression were, respectively, derived from automatic pH recorder, tail suspension test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Part 1: Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there was a linear correlation between Clinical Symptom (CS) score and HADS score (HAD-A, HAD-D), and the correlation coefficients were 0.385 and 0.273 respectively; the correlation coefficient between lg (Dyn) and lg (CS score) was r = 0.441, P = 0.002; the correlation coefficient between lg(Dyn) and lg (HAD-D score) was r = 0.447, P = 0.002. Part 2: The pH value of the lower esophagus in the model group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The tail suspension immobility time of model group was significantly longer than that of control group (P < 0.01). The serum Dyn concentration and the expression level of NMDAR1 in spinal cord and SP in lower esophageal mucosa of model group were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased serum dynorphin level may be a sign of correlation between depression and NERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingduo Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengquan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengliang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Makan Dilikumaer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanwu Li
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Huang X, Xiong D, Deng L, Liu W, Tang S. Prolonged activation of NMDA receptors induces dedifferentiation of islet β cells in mice. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 47:1182-1190. [PMID: 36411701 PMCID: PMC10930331 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The β-cell dedifferentiation is one of the critical mechanisms in diabetic β-cell loss. Long-term activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors plays an essential role in the development of diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effect of prolonged activation of NMDA receptors on islet β-cell dedifferentiation. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a normal control group (control group) and an NMDA group. The mice in the NMDA group were intraperitoneally injected with NMDA (8 mg/kg body weight) and those in the control group were injected with the same volume of saline every day for 6 months. At the end of the 6 th month, glucose tolerance and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the function of islets, and pancreatic tissues were taken for immunofluorescence staining to detect the expressions of insulin, glucagon, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of pancreatic β cells, α cells, and islet progenitor cell markers.The primary islets were treated with NMDA to observe the effect of NMDA on the dedifferentiation of β cells. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor BAY 11-7082 was used at the cellular level via detecting insulin secretion and the expression of endocrine cell markers. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the mice in the NMDA group had higher blood glucose levels at each time point after glucose injection, and the area under the glucose tolerance curve was significantly increased ( P <0.05). The serum insulin content and insulin stimulatory index of the mice in the NMDA group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 30 min after glucose injection (both P <0.05). The double immunofluorescence staining for insulin and glucagon showed that the number of insulin-positive β cells in the pancreatic tissues of mice was significantly decreased after intraperitoneal injection of NMDA in mice for 6 months, while the number of glucagon-positive α cells was significantly increased. Real-time PCR results showed that β-cell markers ( Insulin , Pdx1 , Neurod1 , and Mafa ) were significantly down-regulated in mouse pancreatic tissues after intraperitoneal injection of NMDA for 6 months, while pancreatic progenitor cell markers ( Neurog3 , Gata6 , Hnf4a , Notch1, and Hes1 ) were significantly down-regulated; α-cell markers ( Glucagon , Arx , Irx2 , Mafb , Pou6f2 , Fev , Kcnj3, and Sv2b ) were significantly up-regulated. NMDA treatment of mouse primary islets for 48 h cause significant down-regulation of β-cell marker gene expression ( P <0.05 or P <0.01), accompanied by significant up-regulation of pancreatic progenitor cell markers and α-cell markers ( P <0.05, P <0.01 or P <0.001). The NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 significantly blocked the down-regulation of β-cell marker expression (all P <0.05) and the up-regulation of α-cell and pancreatic progenitor cell marker after NMDA treatment of islets for 48 h ( P <0.05 or P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged activation of NMDA receptors induces islet β-cell dedifferentiation via regulating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Dayan Xiong
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lang Deng
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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10
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Liu S, Tian H, Niu Y, Yu C, Xie L, Jin Z, Niu W, Ren J, Fu L, Yao Z. Combined cell grafting and VPA administration facilitates neural repair through axonal regeneration and synaptogenesis in traumatic brain injury. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1289-1300. [PMID: 36148950 PMCID: PMC9828309 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal regeneration and functional recovery are severely compromised following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Treatment options, including cell transplantation and drug therapy, have been shown to benefit TBI, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, neural stem cells (NSCs) are transplanted into TBI-challenged mice, together with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) or followed by valproic acid (VPA) treatment. Both OEC grafting and VPA treatment facilitate the differentiation of NSCs into neurons (including endogenous and exogenous neurons) and significantly attenuate neurological functional defects in TBI mice. Combination of NSCs with OECs or VPA administration leads to overt improvement in axonal regeneration, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in the cerebral cortex in TBI-challenged mice, as shown by retrograde corticospinal tract tracing, electron microscopy, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and synaptophysin (SYN) analyses. However, these beneficial effects of VPA are reversed by local delivery of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into tissues surrounding the injury epicenter in the cerebral cortex, accompanied by a pronounced drop in axons and synapses in the brain. Our findings reveal that increased axonal regeneration and synaptogenesis evoked by cell grafting and VPA fosters neural repair in a murine model of TBI. Moreover, VPA-induced neuroprotective roles are antagonized by exogenous NMDA administration and its concomitant decrease in the number of neurons of local brain, indicating that increased neurons induced by VPA treatment mediate axonal regeneration and synaptogenesis in mice after TBI operation. Collectively, this study provides new insights into NSC transplantation therapy for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Haili Tian
- School of KinesiologyShanghai University of SportShanghai200438China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of RehabilitationSchool of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Chunxia Yu
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Lingjian Xie
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Tianjin Yaohua Binhai SchoolTianjin300000China
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of CardiologyZhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai200032China,Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-22-83336819; (Z.Y.) / Tel: +86-22-83336107; (L.F.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990; (J.R.) @
| | - Li Fu
- Department of RehabilitationSchool of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China,Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-22-83336819; (Z.Y.) / Tel: +86-22-83336107; (L.F.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990; (J.R.) @
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-22-83336819; (Z.Y.) / Tel: +86-22-83336107; (L.F.) / Tel: +86-21-64041990; (J.R.) @
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11
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Lane HY, Lin CH. Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease Specifically and Sensitively With pLG72 and Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter SLC7A11 AS Blood Biomarkers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 26:1-8. [PMID: 35986919 PMCID: PMC9850657 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been lacking. The D-amino acids oxidase modulator (named pLG72) modulates glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity. The cystine/glutamate antiporter contains a SLC7A11 subunit, which mediates glutamate release. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of pLG72 protein and SLC7A11 mRNA in diagnosing AD. METHODS This study enrolled 130 healthy controls and 109 unmatched AD patients; among them, 40 controls and 70 patients were selected to match by age. We measured their pLG72 protein in plasma and SLC7A11 mRNA in white blood cells. RESULTS AD patients had markedly higher pLG72 levels and SLC7A11 mRNA ΔCT values than healthy controls (in both unmatched and matched cohorts; all 4 P values <.001). The receiver operating characteristics analysis in the unmatched cohorts demonstrated that the pLG72 level had a high specificity (0.900) at the optimal cutoff value of 2.3285, the ΔCT of SLC7A11 mRNA displayed an excellent sensitivity (0.954) at the cutoff of 12.185, and the combined value of pLG72 and SLC7A11 ΔCT determined a favorable area under the curve (AUC) (0.882) at the cutoff of 21.721. The AUC of the combined value surpassed that of either biomarker. The specificity, sensitivity, and AUC of the matched cohort were like those of the unmatched cohort. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that pLG72 protein and SLC7A11 mRNA can distinguish AD patients from healthy controls with excellent specificity and sensitivity, respectively. The combination of pLG72 and SLC7A11 yields better AUC than either, suggesting the superiority of simultaneously measuring both biomarkers in identifying AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Correspondence: Chieh-Hsin Lin, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Da-Pi Rd, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan ()
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12
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Lin CH, Wang SH, Lane HY. Effects of Sodium Benzoate, a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor, on Perceived Stress and Cognitive Function Among Patients With Late-Life Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sertraline- and Placebo-Controlled Trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:545-555. [PMID: 35023557 PMCID: PMC9352177 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with adults with depression in the general population, elderly depressive patients are prone to poor treatment response, more side effects, and early withdrawal with current antidepressants (which principally modulate monoamines). Whether N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor enhancement can benefit treatment of late-life depression deserves study. This study aims to compare sodium benzoate (a D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor and an indirect N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor enhancer), sertraline (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), and placebo in the treatment of late-life depression. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind trial, 117 patients with major depressive disorder aged 55 years or older received 8-week treatment of 250-1500 mg/d of sodium benzoate, 25-150 mg/d of sertraline, or placebo in 2 medical centers. The primary outcome measures were Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Perceived Stress Scale scores. RESULTS Three treatments similarly decreased clinicians-rated Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Compared with placebo, sodium benzoate but not sertraline substantially improved Perceived Stress Scale scores and cognitive function. Sertraline, but not benzoate, significantly reduced self-report Geriatric Depression Scale scores. Benzoate and placebo showed similar safety profiles, while sertraline was more likely to raise low-density lipoprotein than benzoate and placebo. Benzoate-treated patients were less likely to drop out than sertraline or placebo recipients. CONCLUSIONS Sertraline can reduce subjective depressive symptoms, while benzoate can decrease perceived stress, improve cognitive function, and enhance treatment adherence in late-life depression patients. The results show promise for D-amino acid oxidase inhibition as a novel approach for perceived stress and cognitive decline among patients with late-life depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03414931. Registered January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Correspondence: Hsien-Yuan Lane, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan ()
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13
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Ericek OB, Akillioglu K, Saker D, Cevik I, Donmez Kutlu M, Kara S, Yilmaz DM. Distribution of Aquaporin-4 channels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in mk-801-treated balb/c mice. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:63-79. [PMID: 35014582 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.2024633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional disorders of the glymphatic system and Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) channels take part in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of AQP-4 channels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of NMDA receptor blocking agent-induced schizophrenia-like behavior model. NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 was used to produce the experimental schizophrenia model. MK-801 injections were administered for eleven days to Balb/c mice intraperitoneally. Beginning from the sixth day of injection, the spatial learning and memory of the mice were tested by the Morris water maze (MWM) task. A group of mice was injected with MK-801 for ten days without the MWM task. Hippocampus and prefrontal specimens were collected from this group. Tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically and AQP-4 channels were examined by electron microscope. Time to find the platform was significantly longer at MK-801 injected group than the control group at the MWM task. Also, time spent at the target quadrant by the MK-801 group was shorter compared to the control group. AQP-4 expression increased significantly at MK-801 group glial cells, neuronal perikaryon, perineuronal and pericapillary spaces. In the MK-801 group, there was remarkable damage in neurons and glial cells. Increased AQP-4 channel expression and neurodegeneration at the MK-801 group induced with schizophrenia-like behavior model. MK-801 induced NMDA receptor blockade causes a decline in cognitive and memory functions. Increased AQP-4 expression at the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to elicit and transport products of synaptic neurotransmitters and end metabolites is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Burak Ericek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University of Nigde Omer Halisdemir, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Kübra Akillioglu
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Dilek Saker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Cevik
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Meltem Donmez Kutlu
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Samet Kara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Dervis Mansuri Yilmaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
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14
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Ostapiuk A, Urbanska EM. Kynurenic acid in neurodegenerative disorders-unique neuroprotection or double-edged sword? CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:19-35. [PMID: 34862742 PMCID: PMC8673711 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The family of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites includes compounds produced along two arms of the path and acting in clearly opposite ways. The equilibrium between neurotoxic kynurenines, such as 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) or quinolinic acid (QUIN), and neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA) profoundly impacts the function and survival of neurons. This comprehensive review summarizes accumulated evidence on the role of KYNA in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and discusses future directions of potential pharmacological manipulations aimed to modulate brain KYNA. DISCUSSION The synthesis of specific KP metabolites is tightly regulated and may considerably vary under physiological and pathological conditions. Experimental data consistently imply that shift of the KP to neurotoxic branch producing 3-HK and QUIN formation, with a relative or absolute deficiency of KYNA, is an important factor contributing to neurodegeneration. Targeting specific brain regions to maintain adequate KYNA levels seems vital; however, it requires the development of precise pharmacological tools, allowing to avoid the potential cognitive adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Boosting KYNA levels, through interference with the KP enzymes or through application of prodrugs/analogs with high bioavailability and potency, is a promising clinical approach. The use of KYNA, alone or in combination with other compounds precisely influencing specific populations of neurons, is awaiting to become a significant therapy for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ostapiuk
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular PharmacologyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of LublinLublinPoland
- Present address:
Department of Clinical Digestive OncologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ewa M. Urbanska
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular PharmacologyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of LublinLublinPoland
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15
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Kim JH, Ahn YS, Song YS. Serotonin Discharge Regulation by Additional Neurotransmitters of Rat Hippocampus Associated With the Continence Central Circuit. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S106-113. [PMID: 34844393 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142348.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lower urinary tract is believed to be centrally regulated with the involvement of a range of neurotransmitters. The parasympathetic excitatory input to the urinary bladder is suppressed when the serotonergic system is activated, and thereby voiding is blocked. In healthy people, continence is usually underpinned by hippocampal formation (circuit 3). In order to advance knowledge of how serotoninergic neurons and additional nerve fibers were correlated, the purpose of the present work was to research how the discharge of serotonin from hippocampal slices was affected by different neurotransmitters in rat models. Methods The adopted procedure involved administration of the central neurotransmitters acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and neuropeptide Y as well as monitoring of the alterations in the discharge of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Furthermore, to determine whether the effect of the neurotransmitters was influenced by interneuron, tetrodotoxin was also employed. Results Acetylcholine (10-5M) did not alter [3H]5-HT discharge, whereas more 5-HT was discharged from the hippocampal slices of rats under stimulation by norepinephrine (10-5M) as well as dopamine (10-5M) and tetrodotoxin (10-6M) did not inhibit the discharge. By contrast, tetrodotoxin inhibited the discharge of [3H]5-HT that was exacerbated by NMDA (10-4M). Meanwhile, compared to control, GABA (10-5M), glycine (10-5M), or neuropeptide Y (10-6M) did not alter the [³H]5-HT discharge. Conclusions From the research findings, it can be concluded that 5-HT discharge from rat hippocampus is enhanced by norepinephrine and dopamine through direct effect on the 5-HT neuronal terminal. By contrast, 5-HT discharge is intensified by NMDA by activating interneurons.
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16
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Corrêa JMX, Niella RV, Oliveira JNSD, Silva Junior AC, Marques CSDC, Pinto TM, Silva EBD, Beier SL, Silva FL, Lavor MSLD. Antinociceptive and analgesic effect of continuous intravenous infusion of maropitant, lidocaine and ketamine alone or in combination in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Acta Vet Scand 2021; 63:49. [PMID: 34838084 PMCID: PMC8626950 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-021-00615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multimodal analgesia consists of the combination of analgesic drugs at low doses to act in different places along the path of pain. Studies with continuous infusion of analgesic drugs in cats are not common. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of maropitant, lidocaine and ketamine alone or in combination (intravenous bolus + subsequent continuous intravenous infusion) in the management of acute postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Seventy healthy cats undergoing an ovariohysterectomy received a standard anesthetic protocol consisting of acepromazine and morphine, propofol (anesthesia induction), and isoflurane (anesthesia maintenance). The animals were stratified into seven groups (n = 10 in each group): control (CG), maropitant (MG), lidocaine (LG), ketamine (KG), maropitant + lidocaine (LMG), maropitant + ketamine (KMG), and maropitant + lidocaine + ketamine (LKMG). All drugs were injected first as an intravenous bolus and then by continuous intravenous infusion. During surgery, esophageal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, expired isoflurane concentration, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of expiration were evaluated at 7 time points. Postoperative pain was evaluated for 6 h after extubation using the visual analogue scale and the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in cats. Results Adverse effects related to maropitant, lidocaine and ketamine infusion were not observed. Pain scores were lower in the MG, KG and LG groups when compared to the CG group using both scales. Although pain scores were also lower in all combination groups than CG, more animals in these groups required rescue analgesia compared to MG. This indicates that the postoperative analgesic effect of all drugs, either alone or in combination, confers analgesia, although the combinations did not promote greater analgesia. Conclusions Continuous intravenous infusion of maropitant, lidocaine, and ketamine alone induces postoperative analgesic effect in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, but combinations of these drugs did not increase the analgesic effect. No adverse effect was observed with any drug or their combination.
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Balla Z, Kormányos ES, Kui B, Bálint ER, Fűr G, Orján EM, Iványi B, Vécsei L, Fülöp F, Varga G, Harazin A, Tubak V, Deli MA, Papp C, Gácser A, Madácsy T, Venglovecz V, Maléth J, Hegyi P, Kiss L, Rakonczay Z. Kynurenic Acid and Its Analogue SZR-72 Ameliorate the Severity of Experimental Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702764. [PMID: 34745090 PMCID: PMC8567016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) is not well understood, and the disease does not have specific therapy. Tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenic acid (KYNA) and its synthetic analogue SZR-72 are antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and have immune modulatory roles in several inflammatory diseases. Our aims were to investigate the effects of KYNA and SZR-72 on experimental AP and to reveal their possible mode of action. AP was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of L-ornithine-HCl (LO) in SPRD rats. Animals were pretreated with 75-300 mg/kg KYNA or SZR-72. Control animals were injected with physiological saline instead of LO, KYNA and/or SZR-72. Laboratory and histological parameters, as well as pancreatic and systemic circulation were measured to evaluate AP severity. Pancreatic heat shock protein-72 and IL-1β were measured by western blot and ELISA, respectively. Pancreatic expression of NMDAR1 was investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Viability of isolated pancreatic acinar cells in response to LO, KYNA, SZR-72 and/or NMDA administration was assessed by propidium-iodide assay. The effects of LO and/or SZR-72 on neutrophil granulocyte function was also studied. Almost all investigated laboratory and histological parameters of AP were significantly reduced by administration of 300 mg/kg KYNA or SZR-72, whereas the 150 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg doses were less or not effective, respectively. The decreased pancreatic microcirculation was also improved in the AP groups treated with 300 mg/kg KYNA or SZR-72. Interestingly, pancreatic heat shock protein-72 expression was significantly increased by administration of SZR-72, KYNA and/or LO. mRNA and protein expression of NMDAR1 was detected in pancreatic tissue. LO treatment caused acinar cell toxicity which was reversed by 250 µM KYNA or SZR-72. Treatment of acini with NMDA (25, 250, 2000 µM) did not influence the effects of KYNA or SZR-72. Moreover, SZR-72 reduced LO-induced H2O2 production of neutrophil granulocytes. KYNA and SZR-72 have dose-dependent protective effects on LO-induced AP or acinar toxicity which seem to be independent of pancreatic NMDA receptors. Furthermore, SZR-72 treatment suppressed AP-induced activation of neutrophil granulocytes. This study suggests that administration of KYNA and its derivative could be beneficial in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Balla
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Kui
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Réka Bálint
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Fűr
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erik Márk Orján
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Iványi
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Stereochemistry Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged Lendület Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged Lendület Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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18
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Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Peresypkina A, Pobeda A, Ismail NM. Magnesium acetyltaurate prevents retinal damage and visual impairment in rats through suppression of NMDA-induced upregulation of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos). Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2330-2344. [PMID: 33818520 PMCID: PMC8354133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium acetyltaurate (MgAT) has been shown to have a protective effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal cell apoptosis. The current study investigated the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) in neuroprotection by MgAT against NMDA-induced retinal damage. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo intravitreal injection of vehicle, NMDA or MgAT as pre-treatment to NMDA. Seven days after injections, retinal ganglion cells survival was detected using retrograde labelling with fluorogold and BRN3A immunostaining. Functional outcome of retinal damage was assessed using electroretinography, and the mechanisms underlying antiapoptotic effect of MgAT were investigated through assessment of retinal gene expression of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 levels were evaluated using western blot assay. Rat visual functions were evaluated using visual object recognition tests. Both retrograde labelling and BRN3A immunostaining revealed a significant increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells in rats receiving intravitreal injection of MgAT compared with the rats receiving intravitreal injection of NMDA. Electroretinography indicated that pre-treatment with MgAT partially preserved the functional activity of NMDA-exposed retinas. MgAT abolished NMDA-induced increase of retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 expression and suppressed NMDA-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos). Visual object recognition tests showed that MgAT reduced difficulties in recognizing the visual cues (i.e. objects with different shapes) after NMDA exposure, suggesting that visual functions of rats were relatively preserved by pre-treatment with MgAT. In conclusion, pre-treatment with MgAT prevents NMDA induced retinal injury by inhibiting NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1-mediated c-Jun/c-Fos. The experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, UiTM CARE No 118/2015 on December 4, 2015 and UiTM CARE No 220/7/2017 on December 8, 2017 and Ethics Committee of Belgorod State National Research University, Russia, No 02/20 on January 10, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Peresypkina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pobeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Mumtaz F, Rashki A, Imran Khan M, Shadboorestan A, Abdollahi A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Alotaibi G, Dehpour AR. Neuroprotective effect of sumatriptan in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure is mediated through N-methyl-D-aspartate/nitric oxide and cAMP response element-binding protein signaling pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:250-261. [PMID: 34545607 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seizure occurs as a result of uncontrolled electrical disturbances within the brain. Various biomolecules such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), nitric oxide (NO), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of seizure. Sumatriptan is a specific 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist and has neuroprotective effects in various neuropsychiatric disorders. In the current study, we tried to investigate the possible interaction of sumatriptan with NMDA/NO and CREB signaling pathway in PTZ induced seizure. For this purpose, various agonist and antagonist of NMDA such as MK-801 and Ketamine, NO precursor L-ARG, and NOS inhibitors L-NAME and 7-NI were co-administered with sumatriptan in PTZ induced seizure model. The level of nitrite in mice hippocampus was determined by Griess reaction. The gene expression of NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and CREB were quantified by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the involved neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein expression was examined via western blot analysis. Effective dose of sumatriptan (1.2 mg/kg) alone and subeffective dose of sumatriptan (0.3 mg/kg) in combination with NMDA and/or NO antagonist showed significant (P < 0.001) anticonvulsant activity in mice. Furthermore, sumatriptan significantly inhibited the PTZ-induced mRNA expression of NR2A (P < 0.0001), NR2B (P < 0.05), and CREB (P < 0.01). Also, the expression of nNOS protein in PTZ treated group was reversed by sumatriptan (P < 0.01). Hence, current findings suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of sumatriptan was due to down regulation of NMDA/NO and CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Mumtaz
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Rashki
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Chiang TI, Yu YH, Lin CH, Lane HY. Novel Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: Based Upon N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Hypoactivation and Oxidative Stress. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2021; 19:423-433. [PMID: 34294612 PMCID: PMC8316669 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.3.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important. The current treatment for early AD is acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEIs); however, the efficacy is poor. Besides, AChEI did not show efficacy in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits have been regarded to be highly related to the pathogenesis of AD. However, many clinical trials aiming at the clearance of Aβ deposits failed to improve the cognitive decline of AD, even at its early phase. There should be other important mechanisms unproven in the course of AD and MCI. Feasible biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment response of AD are lacking to date. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation plays an important role in learning and memory. On the other hand, oxidative stress has been regarded to contribute to aging with the assumption that free radicals damage cell constituents and connective tissues. Our recent study found that an NMDAR enhancer, sodium benzoate (the pivotal inhibitor of D-amino acid oxidase [DAAO]), improved the cognitive and global function of patients with early-phase AD. Further, we found that peripheral DAAO levels were higher in patients with MCI and AD than healthy controls. We also found that sodium benzoate was able to change the activity of antioxidant. These pieces of evidence suggest that the NMDAR function is associated with anti-oxidation, and have potential to be biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment response of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-I Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Chen MH, Fang C, Wu NY, Xia YH, Zeng YJ, Ouyang W. Genetic variation of rs12918566 affects GRIN2A expression and is associated with spontaneous movement response during sevoflurane anesthesia induction. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02165. [PMID: 34291608 PMCID: PMC8413822 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the nervous system and are preferentially inhibited by general anesthetics such as sevoflurane. Spontaneous movement is a common complication during sevoflurane anesthesia induction and seriously affects operations. In this study, we investigated the relationship between NMDA polymorphisms and spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. This prospective clinical study enrolled 393 patients undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia as part of their surgical routine. In the GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B genes, 13 polymorphisms that form a heteromeric complex as part of the NMDA receptor were selected using Haploview and genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry MassARRAY. Both RNAfold and Genotype-Tissue Expression portals were used to identify gene expression profiles. Our data showed that 35.8% of subjects exhibited spontaneous movement. The GRIN2A rs12918566 polymorphism was associated with spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. A logistic regression analysis of additive, dominant, and recessive models indicated a significant association (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence limit [CI]): 0.58 (0.42-0.80), p = .00086; OR (95% CI): 0.51 (0.31-0.84), p = .0075, and OR (95% CI): 0.47 (0.27-0.81), p = .0060, respectively). After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, the additive model was still significant with a PFDR =0.010. Bioinformatics demonstrated that the rs12918566 genomic variation affected GRIN2A expression in brain tissue. We also revealed that GRIN2A rs12918566 was significantly associated with spontaneous movement during sevoflurane induction. We believe the NMDA receptor plays an important role in regulating the anesthetic effects of sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na-Yiyuan Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Hao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You-Jie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Nougaret S, Cunha TM. From ovary to brain: Specific imaging features of ovarian teratomas associated with anti- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Diagn Interv Imaging 2021; 102:403-404. [PMID: 34147389 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nougaret
- Department of Radiology, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier Cancer Research institute, INSERM, U1194, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Teresa Margarida Cunha
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Dong Z, Grunebaum MF, Lan MJ, Wagner V, Choo TH, Milak MS, Sobeih T, Mann JJ, Kantrowitz JT. Relationship of Brain Glutamate Response to D-Cycloserine and Lurasidone to Antidepressant Response in Bipolar Depression: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:653026. [PMID: 34149476 PMCID: PMC8208505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate-receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as ketamine have demonstrated efficacy in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder depression (BP-D). We have previously reported that reduction in Glx (glutamate + glutamine) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (vmPFC/ACC), measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) at 3T during a ketamine infusion, mediates the relationship of ketamine dose and blood level to improvement in depression. In the present study, we assessed the impact of D-cycloserine (DCS), an oral NMDAR antagonist combined with lurasidone in BP-D on both glutamate and Glx. Subjects with DSM-V BP-D-I/II and a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score>17, underwent up to three 1H MRS scans. During Scan 1, subjects were randomized to receive double-blind lurasidone 66 mg or placebo. During Scan 2, all subjects received single-blind DCS 950 mg + lurasidone 66 mg, followed by 4 weeks of open label phase of DCS+lurasidone and an optional Scan 3. Five subjects received lurasidone alone and three subjects received placebo for Scan 1. Six subjects received DCS+lurasidone during Scan 2. There was no significant baseline or between treatment-group differences in acute depression improvement or glutamate response. In Scan 2, after a dose of DCS+lurasidone, peak change in glutamate correlated negatively with improvement from baseline MADRS (r = -0.83, p = 0.04). There were no unexpected adverse events. These preliminary pilot results require replication but provide further support for a link between antidepressant effect and a decrease in glutamate by the NMDAR antagonist class of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael F. Grunebaum
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin J. Lan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vashti Wagner
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tse-Hwei Choo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthew S. Milak
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tarek Sobeih
- Information Sciences, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua T. Kantrowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Psychotic Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Information Sciences, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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24
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Yamagata R, Nemoto W, Fujita M, Nakagawasai O, Tan-No K. Angiotensin (1-7) Attenuates the Nociceptive Behavior Induced by Substance P and NMDA via Spinal MAS1. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:742-746. [PMID: 33952831 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intrathecal (i.t.) injection of substance P (SP) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induce transient nociceptive response by activating neurokinin (NK) 1 and NMDA receptors, respectively. We have recently reported that angiotensin (Ang) (1-7), an N-terminal fragment of Ang II, could alleviate several types of pain including neuropathic and inflammatory pain by activating spinal MAS1. Here, we investigated whether Ang (1-7) can inhibit the SP- and NMDA-induced nociceptive response. The nociceptive response induced by an i.t. injection of SP or NMDA was assessed by measuring the duration of hindlimb scratching directed toward the flank, biting and/or licking of the hindpaw or the tail for 5 min. Localization of MAS1 and either NK1 or NMDA receptors in the lumbar superficial dorsal horn was determined by immunohistochemical observation. The nociceptive response induced by SP and NMDA was attenuated by the i.t. co-administration of Ang (1-7) (0.03-3 pmol) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of Ang (1-7) (3 pmol) were attenuated by A779 (100 pmol), a MAS1 antagonist. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that spinal MAS1 co-localized with NK1 receptors and NMDA receptors on cells in the dorsal horn. Taken together, the i.t. injection of Ang (1-7) attenuated the nociceptive response induced by SP and NMDA via spinal MAS1, which co-localized with NK1 and NMDA receptors. Thus, the spinal Ang (1-7)/MAS1 pathway could represent a therapeutic target to effectively attenuate spinal pain transmission caused by the activation of NK1 or NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamagata
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Wataru Nemoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Maho Fujita
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Osamu Nakagawasai
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Koichi Tan-No
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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25
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Kim S, Choi BK, Park JA, Kim HJ, Oh TI, Kang WS, Kim JW, Park HJ. Identification of Brain Damage after Seizures Using an MR-Based Electrical Conductivity Imaging Method. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030569. [PMID: 33809992 PMCID: PMC8004663 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous imaging studies have shown the morphological malformation and the alterations of ionic mobility, water contents, electrical properties, or metabolites in seizure brains. Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) is a recently developed technique for the measurement of electrical tissue properties with a high frequency that provides cellular information regardless of the cell membrane. In this study, we examined the possibility of MREPT as an applicable technique to detect seizure-induced functional changes in the brain of rats. Ultra-high field (9.4 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, 2 h, 2 days, and 1 week after the injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 75 mg/kg). The conductivity images were reconstructed from B1 phase images using a magnetic resonance conductivity imaging (MRCI) toolbox. The high-frequency conductivity was significantly decreased in the hippocampus among various brain regions of NMDA-treated rats. Nissl staining showed shrunken cell bodies and condensed cytoplasm potently at 2 h after NMDA treatment, and neuronal cell loss at all time points in the hippocampus. These results suggest that the reduced electrical conductivity may be associated with seizure-induced neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Magnetic resonance (MR)-based electrical conductivity imaging may be an applicable technique to non-invasively identify brain damage after a seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanga Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Bup Kyung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (B.K.C.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Ji Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (B.K.C.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Tong In Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (B.K.C.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.I.O.); (J.W.K.); (H.J.P.)
| | - Won Sub Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.I.O.); (J.W.K.); (H.J.P.)
| | - Hae Jeong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.I.O.); (J.W.K.); (H.J.P.)
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26
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Dempsey-Jones H, Steudte-Schmiedgen S, Browning M, Makin TR, Woud ML, Harmer CJ, Margraf J, Reinecke A. Human perceptual learning is delayed by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor partial agonist D-cycloserine. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:253-264. [PMID: 33570017 PMCID: PMC7924109 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120986349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimisation of learning has long been a focus of scientific research, particularly in relation to improving psychological treatment and recovery of brain function. Previously, partial N-methyl-D-aspartate agonists have been shown to augment reward learning, procedural learning and psychological therapy, but many studies also report no impact of these compounds on the same processes. AIMS Here we investigate whether administration of an N-methyl-D-aspartate partial agonist (D-cycloserine) modulates a previously unexplored process - tactile perceptual learning. Further, we use a longitudinal design to investigate whether N-methyl-D-aspartate-related learning effects vary with time, thereby providing a potentially simple explanation for apparent mixed effects in previous research. METHODS Thirty-four volunteers were randomised to receive one dose of 250 mg D-cycloserine or placebo 2 h before tactile sensitivity training. Tactile perception was measured using psychophysical methods before and after training, and 24/48 h later. RESULTS The placebo group showed immediate within-day tactile perception gains, but no further improvements between-days. In contrast, tactile perception remained at baseline on day one in the D-cycloserine group (no within-day learning), but showed significant overnight gains on day two. Both groups were equivalent in tactile perception by the final testing - indicating N-methyl-D-aspartate effects changed the timing, but not the overall amount of tactile learning. CONCLUSIONS In sum, we provide first evidence for modulation of perceptual learning by administration of a partial N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist. Resolving how the effects of such compounds become apparent over time will assist the optimisation of testing schedules, and may help resolve discrepancies across the learning and cognition domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Dempsey-Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Integrated Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Browning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Tamar R Makin
- Wellcome Centre for Integrated Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcella L Woud
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Juergen Margraf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Bo JZ, Xue L, Li S, Yin JW, Li ZY, Wang X, Wang JF, Zhang YS. D-serine reduces memory impairment and neuronal damage induced by chronic lead exposure. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:836-841. [PMID: 33229717 PMCID: PMC8178793 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although exogenous D-serine has been applied as a neural regulatory intervention in many studies, the role played by D-serine in hippocampal injuries caused by lead exposure remains poorly understood. Rat models of chronic lead exposure were established through the administration of 0.05% lead acetate for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, rats were administered 30 or 60 mg/kg D-serine, intraperitoneally, twice a day. Our results showed that D-serine treatment shortened the escape latency from the Morris water maze, increased the number of times that mice crossed the original platform location, and alleviated the pathological damage experienced by hippocampal neurons in response to lead exposure. Although D-serine administration did not increase the expression levels of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) in the hippocampi of lead-exposed rats, 60 mg/kg D-serine treatment restored the expression levels of NR2A, which are reduced by lead exposure. These findings suggested that D-serine can alleviate learning and memory impairments induced by lead exposure and that the underlying mechanism is associated with the increased expression of NR2A in the hippocampus. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of North China University of Science and Technology, China (approval No. LX2018155) on December 21, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhu Bo
- College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ling Xue
- College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yin
- College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zheng-Yao Li
- College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan-Shu Zhang
- College of Public Health; Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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Zhang LM, Zhu QY, Chen L, Tang XQ, Zou YF, Lv P, Liu MW, Du YF. miR-382-3p Overexpression attenuates N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced HT22 cell apoptosis via the regulation of the RhoC/ROCK1 signaling pathway. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1355-1368. [PMID: 32907306 DOI: 10.23812/20-233-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
miR-382-3p can regulate apoptosis through multiple pathways, but the mechanism remains unknown. In this experiment, we explored whether miR-382-3p can modulate the N-methyL-D-aspartate (NMDA)- induced HT22 cell apoptosis by regulating the RhoC/ROCK1 signaling pathway. An excitatory neurotoxicity model of HT22 cells was induced in vitro with 2 mmol/L NMDA. The cells were divided into normal control, NMDA-induced, NMDA + miR-382-3p mimic, and NMDA + miR-382-3p inhibitor groups. The 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) method, Real-time PCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the mechanisms. The results found that NMDA can increase the oxidative stress of HT22 cells in a dose-dependent manner, downregulate the expression of miR-382-3p, upregulate the expression of mRNA and protein abundance of ROCK1 and RhoC, increase the expression levels of proapoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9, increase the apoptosis of HT22 cells, and reduce the activity and survival rate of HT22 cells. Compared with the NMDA-induced group, the miR-382-3p mimic-transfected HT22 cells increased the expression of miR- 382-3p, reduced the expression of the mRNA and protein abundance of ROCK1 and RhoC, inhibited the expression of proapoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9, reduced the apoptosis of HT22 cells, and increased the activity and survival rate of HT22 cells. The results suggest that increasing the expression of miR-382-3p can inhibit the activity of the RhoC/ROCK1 signaling pathway, reduce the expression of proapoptotic proteins, reduce the oxidative stress and apoptosis of HT22 cells, and increase the activity and survival rate of HT22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Zhang
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Wuhua District, Kunming, China.,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
| | - Q Y Zhu
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
| | - X Q Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Y F Zou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - P Lv
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - M W Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Y F Du
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
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Wang QB, Guan HZ, Qiao M, Jiang Q, Fan SY, Ren HT, Zhou FC, He XX. [Neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregivers' distress in anti- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:2758-62. [PMID: 32972056 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200106-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the characteristics of psychiatric symptoms and caregivers' distress in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Methods: Seventy-two patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were investigated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2011 to 2018. The Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) was used to assess the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregivers' distress around the treatment. Results: A highly positive correlation existed between severity scores of neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver distress, and pre- and post-treatment correlation coefficients was 0.872 and 0.947, respectively (all P<0.001). The frequency of 12 symptom domains was higher than 45% before treatment, however, it significantly reduced to below 45% after treatment. Irritability/lability, agitation/aggression were the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms. Irritability/lability, agitation/aggression, and nighttime behavioral disturbances occurred concurrently. Patients with severe symptoms tended to be administrated antipsychotics (Z=-2.581, P=0.01). Neuropsychiatric symptoms significantly improved after immunotherapy (Z=-6.611, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the symptom severity and distress subscale scores between the first episode and relapse around the therapy (P>0.05). Conclusion: Patients with anti NMDAR encephalitis often present severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, which aggravate the burden on caregivers. Immunotherapy significantly improves neuropsychiatric symptoms, and thus reduces the distress of caregivers.
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Kinoshita J, Fujita K, Yasuno K, Suzuki T, Iguchi T, Nishiya T, Mori K. Outer retinal involvement in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced inner retinal injury in rabbits assessed by optical coherence tomography. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:261-269. [PMID: 32404558 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate morphological alteration of the retina with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced injury in rabbits by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The right and left eyes of a total of 12 rabbits received single-intravitreal injection of vehicle and NMDA, respectively. Four out of the 12 animals underwent OCT and quantification of plasma microRNA repeatedly (4, 48, and 168 hr after dosing), followed by ocular histopathology at the end of the study. Ocular histopathology was also conducted in the eyes collected 4 or 48 hr after dosing from 4 animals at each time period. OCT revealed hyper-reflective ganglion cell complex and thickened inner retina in NMDA-treated eyes 4 hr after dosing; the inner retina shifted to thinning at later time points. The eyes given NMDA also exhibited greater thickness of the outer retina, which contains photoreceptors, after treatment, and thickened and obscured ellipsoid zone 168 hr after dosing. The plasma levels of miR-182 and miR-183, which are known to be highly expressed in photoreceptors, were higher 4 hr after dosing than pre-dosing values. Histopathologically, NMDA-induced inner retinal damage was confirmed: single-cell necrosis was observed in the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer 4 hr after dosing, the incidence of which decreased thereafter. At 168 hr after dosing, reduced number of ganglion cells was noted. No change was histopathologically observed in the outer retina. In conclusion, our results suggest involvement of photoreceptors in NMDA-induced inner retinal injury. Additionally, OCT revealed acute inner retinal findings suggestive of temporary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzo Kinoshita
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Katsumi Fujita
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kyohei Yasuno
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takami Suzuki
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takuma Iguchi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | | | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
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Ambekar YS, Singh M, Scarcelli G, Rueda EM, Hall BM, Poché RA, Larin KV. Characterization of retinal biomechanical properties using Brillouin microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2020; 25:JBO-200208LR. [PMID: 32981240 PMCID: PMC7519206 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.9.090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The retina is critical for vision, and several diseases may alter its biomechanical properties. However, assessing the biomechanical properties of the retina nondestructively is a challenge due to its fragile nature and location within the eye globe. Advancements in Brillouin spectroscopy have provided the means for nondestructive investigations of retina biomechanical properties. AIM We assessed the biomechanical properties of mouse retinas using Brillouin microscopy noninvasively and showed the potential of Brillouin microscopy to differentiate the type and layers of retinas based on stiffness. APPROACH We used Brillouin microscopy to quantify stiffness of fresh and paraformaldehyde (PFA)-fixed retinas. As further proof-of-concept, we demonstrated a change in the stiffness of a retina with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced damage, compared to an undamaged sample. RESULTS We found that the retina layers with higher cell body density had higher Brillouin modulus compared to less cell-dense layers. We have also demonstrated that PFA-fixed retina samples were stiffer compared with fresh samples. Further, NMDA-induced neurotoxicity leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and reactive gliosis, increasing the stiffness of the RGC layer. CONCLUSION Brillouin microscopy can be used to characterize the stiffness distribution of the layers of the retina and can be used to differentiate tissue at different conditions based on biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshwari S. Ambekar
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Manmohan Singh
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Elda M. Rueda
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Hall
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ross A. Poché
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
- Address all correspondence to Ross A. Poché, E-mail: ; Kirill V. Larin, E-mail:
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
- Address all correspondence to Ross A. Poché, E-mail: ; Kirill V. Larin, E-mail:
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Sharma M, Mittal A, Singh A, Jainarayanan AK, Sharma S, Paliwal S. Pharmacophore-driven identification of N-methyl-D-receptor antagonists as potent neuroprotective agents validated using in vivo studies. Biol Methods Protoc 2020; 5:bpaa013. [PMID: 32913897 PMCID: PMC7474860 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), apparently the most widespread reason behind dementia, is delineated by a continuous cognitive weakening in the aged. During its progression, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists are known to play a pivotal part in the mechanisms of learning and memory. Since there is an unmet medical need for the treatment of AD, we aim to identify possible chemical compounds targeted toward N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Three-dimensional models are developed to unveil some of the essential characteristics of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by using a collection of already discovered N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibitors. This is followed by virtual screening, which results in novel chemical compounds having the potential to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Molecular docking studies and analysis promulgated two lead compounds with a high LibDock score. The compounds are shortlisted based on high estimated activity, fit values, LibDock score, no violation of Lipinski's, and availability for procuring. Finally, the shortlisted compounds are tested by employing in vivo studies, which we further propose as potential NMDA inhibitors for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aarti Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Okada M, Fukuyama K. Interaction between Mesocortical and Mesothalamic Catecholaminergic Transmissions Associated with NMDA Receptor in the Locus Coeruleus. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070990. [PMID: 32630356 PMCID: PMC7407123 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate/glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and mood disorders but improve monoaminergic antidepressant-resistant mood disorder and suicidal ideation. The mechanisms of the double-edged sword clinical action of NMDAR antagonists remained to be clarified. The present study determined the interaction between the NMDAR antagonist (MK801), α1 adrenoceptor antagonist (prazosin), and α2A adrenoceptor agonist (guanfacine) on mesocortical and mesothalamic catecholaminergic transmission, and thalamocortical glutamatergic transmission using multiprobe microdialysis. The inhibition of NMDAR in the locus coeruleus (LC) by local MK801 administration enhanced both the mesocortical noradrenergic and catecholaminergic coreleasing (norepinephrine and dopamine) transmissions. The mesothalamic noradrenergic transmission was also enhanced by local MK801 administration in the LC. These mesocortical and mesothalamic transmissions were activated by intra-LC disinhibition of transmission of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via NMDAR inhibition. Contrastingly, activated mesothalamic noradrenergic transmission by MK801 enhanced intrathalamic GABAergic inhibition via the α1 adrenoceptor, resulting in the suppression of thalamocortical glutamatergic transmission. The thalamocortical glutamatergic terminal stimulated the presynaptically mesocortical catecholaminergic coreleasing terminal in the superficial cortical layers, but did not have contact with the mesocortical selective noradrenergic terminal (which projected terminals to deeper cortical layers). Furthermore, the α2A adrenoceptor suppressed the mesocortical and mesothalamic noradrenergic transmissions somatodendritically in the LC and presynaptically/somatodendritically in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN). These discrepancies between the noradrenergic and catecholaminergic transmissions in the mesocortical and mesothalamic pathways probably constitute the double-edged sword clinical action of noncompetitive NMDAR antagonists.
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Wang Y, He W, Zhang H, Yao Z, Che F, Cao Y, Sun H. mGluR5 mediates ketamine antidepressant response in susceptible rats exposed to prenatal stress. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:398-408. [PMID: 32553383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New insights have recently been gained into ketamine's potential anti-depressive effects. However, the mechanisms that underlie ketamine's rapid antidepressant activity still remain a mystery. METHODS We used a rat prenatal stress (PS) model of depression to explore the functional role of mGluR5 in ketamine's rapidly induced antidepressant activity. Effects of the antidepressants imipramine, escitalopram, ketamine, and fluoxetine were compared. AAV-mGluR5 and AAV-shRNA-mGluR5 were constructed to overexpress and knockdown hippocampal mGluR5 respectively. RESULTS This study shows that mGluR5, which is associated with depression-like behaviors, is increased in susceptible rats exposed to prenatal stress, and that ketamine could significantly alleviate these stress-induced effects. RU-38486 down-regulated expression of mGluR5 and up-regulated NR1. MPEP and CHPG also altered expression of both mGluR5 and NR1. Notably, hippocampal overexpression of mGluR5 in wild type rats changed NR1 and PSD-95 expression and induced depression-like behavior that could be blocked by ketamine activity. Further, knockdown of hippocampal mGluR5 in PS-S rats restored normal levels of mGluR5, NR1, and PSD-95, and alleviated depression-like behavior. LIMITATIONS The entire rat hippocampus was used for this study, but the role of mGluR5 may vary by sub-region. CONCLUSION These results suggest that hippocampal mGluR5 may play a key role in mediating the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine in a prenatal stress model of depression. This provides a novel therapeutic target in clinical treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Xi'an Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710003, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710003, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710003, P.R. China
| | - Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710003, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710069, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital (The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710003, P.R. China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710061, P.R. China.
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Lin CH, Yang HT, Chen PK, Wang SH, Lane HY. Precision Medicine of Sodium Benzoate for the Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:509-518. [PMID: 32110025 PMCID: PMC7039065 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s234371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are associated with poorer prognosis of dementia. A 24-week study demonstrated that sodium benzoate, a D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor, surpassed placebo in improving cognitive function in early-phase Alzheimer's disease; however, benzoate did not excel placebo in another 6-week study on BPSD. The current study examined whether the precision medicine approach was able to identify specific individuals with BPSD who could benefit from benzoate treatment. METHODS In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week trial, 97 patients with BPSD were allocated to receive 250-1500 mg/day of sodium benzoate or placebo. Cognitive function was measured by the Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and behavioral and psychological symptoms were mainly measured by Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). DAAO level, amino acids (L-serine, D-serine, L-alanine, and D-alanine, glycine), and two antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase) were assayed in peripheral blood. RESULTS After benzoate treatment, DAAO inhibition was correlated with ADAS-cog decrease (p = 0.034), while baseline DAAO level was correlated with baseline BEHAVE-AD score. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that cognitive improvement after benzoate treatment was correlated with DAAO decrease, female gender, younger age, BMI, baseline BPSD severity, and antipsychotic use. CONCLUSION The finding suggests that sodium benzoate may have potential to benefit cognitive function in a fraction of BPSD patients after 6 weeks of treatment. Of note, the precision medicine approach may be helpful for identifying individuals who could respond to benzoate. More studies are warranted to confirm the preliminary findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered online (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02103673).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Kun Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Shibata K, Hagiya S, Okawara R, Abe K, Takahashi S, Kera Y. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric assay for d-aspartate N-methyltransferase activity in ark shells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:500-506. [PMID: 31694479 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1689094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the separation and quantification of the enantiomers of N-methylaspartate and N-methylglutamate, after derivatization with Nα-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-L-leucinamide was established. The time required for the LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was within 20 min and the detection limit was approximately 10 fmol per injection, demonstrating that this method can be used for the rapid determination of D-aspartate N-methyltransferase activity in the ark shell clam Scapharca broughtonii.Abbreviations: NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; NMLA: N-methyl-L-aspartate; NMDG: N-methyl-D-glutamate; NMLG: N-methyl-L-glutamate; NMA: N-methylaspartate; NMG: N-methylglutamate; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; SAM: S-adenosyl-L-methionine; OPA: o-phthalaldehyde; LC-ESI-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry; FDLA: Nα-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-L-leucinamide; FDAA: Nα-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-L-alaninamide; ESI: electrospray ionization; LC-ESI-MS: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry; MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Fukushima College, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Saho Hagiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Fukushima College, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Rena Okawara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Fukushima College, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Abe
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shouji Takahashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kera
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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Syarifah-Noratiqah SB, Naina-Mohamed I, Zulfarina MS, Qodriyah HMS. Natural Polyphenols in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:927-937. [PMID: 28356027 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170328122527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is an incurable disease which involves the degeneration or death of the nerve cells. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease discovered in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a German clinical psychiatrist and neuroanatomist. The main pathological hallmarks of this disease are the formation of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT). The accumulation of the amyloid protein aggregates in the brain of AD patients leads to oxidative stress and inflammation. Other postulated reasons for the development of this disease are cholinergic depletion and excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission. The current drugs approved and marketed for the treatment of AD are cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. The function of ChEIs is to avoid cholinergic depletion; whereas the function of NMDA receptor antagonist is to block excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission. Unfortunately, the current drugs prescribed for AD show only modest improvement in terms of symptomatic relief and delay the progression of the disease. This review will discuss about several polyphenolic compounds as potential natural treatment options for AD. Three compounds are highlighted in this review - Curcumin (Cur), Resveratrol (Rsv) and Epigallocatechin-3- gallate (EGCG). These compounds have huge potential for AD treatment, especially due to their low frequency of adverse events. However, the current conventional pharmaceutical drugs remain as the mainstay of treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isa Naina-Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed S Zulfarina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H M S Qodriyah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of schizophrenia have pointed to the role of glutamate in its pathophysiology. Mice lacking D-serine show impairments in neurotransmission through NMDA receptors and display behaviors consistent with features of schizophrenia. Yet, socio-communicative deficits, a characteristic of schizophrenia, have not been reported in serine racemase knockout mice. METHODS We use behavioral testing (the three-chambered social approach task, the dyadic interaction task, and the novel object recognition task) to examine socio-communicative behaviors in these mice. RESULTS Serine racemase mice show abnormal social investigation and approach behavior, and differ from wild-type controls in the duration and number of vocalizations they emit in the presence of a conspecific. Serine racemase knockout mice were not impaired in a cognitive test (novel object recognition), although they displayed abnormal behavior in the acquisition phase of the task. CONCLUSIONS Serine racemase knockout mice demonstrate abnormalities in socio-communicative behaviors consistent with an impairment in sociality, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana M Matveeva
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marc T Pisansky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amy Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert F Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jonathan C Gewirtz
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Lambuk L, Jafri AJA, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Bakar NS, Agarwal P, Abdullah A, Ismail NM. Dose-dependent effects of NMDA on retinal and optic nerve morphology in rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:746-753. [PMID: 31131232 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.05.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate dose-dependent effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on retinal and optic nerve morphology in rats. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats, 180-250 g in weight were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were intravitreally administered with vehicle and NMDA at the doses 80, 160 and 320 nmol respectively. Seven days after injection, rats were euthanized, and their eyes were taken for optic nerve toluidine blue and retinal hematoxylin and eosin stainings. The TUNEL assay was done for detecting apoptotic cells. RESULTS All groups treated with NMDA showed significantly reduced ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness within inner retina, as compared to control group. Group NMDA 160 nmol showed a significantly greater GCL thickness than the group NMDA 320 nmol. Administration of NMDA also resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the number of nuclei both per 100 µm GCL length and per 100 µm2 of GCL. Intravitreal NMDA injection caused dose-dependent damage to the optic nerve. The degeneration of nerve fibres with increased clearing of cytoplasm was observed more prominently as the NMDA dose increased. In accordance with the results of retinal morphometry analysis and optic nerve grading, TUNEL staining demonstrated NMDA-induced excitotoxic retinal injury in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate dose-dependent effects of NMDA on retinal and optic nerve morphology in rats that may be attributed to differences in the severity of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Our results also suggest that care should be taken while making dose selections experimentally so that the choice might best uphold study objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Azliana Jusnida Ahmad Jafri
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russian Federation
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Salmah Bakar
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- IMU Clinical School, International Medical University (IMU), Seremban 70300, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Aimy Abdullah
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- IMU Clinical School, International Medical University (IMU), Seremban 70300, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Liriano F, Hatten C, Schwartz TL. Ketamine as treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: a review. Drugs Context 2019; 8:212305. [PMID: 31007698 PMCID: PMC6457782 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continues to make headlines given multiple military engagements across the world and civilian traumas, and resultant PTSD development continues at an even pace. Currently, antidepressant and cognitive-behavioral therapy have the greatest evidence base but still do not yield a remission of PTSD symptoms in many patients. Off-label and novel treatments continue to be considered for more refractory and disabling cases of PTSD. Ketamine is one such treatment that has been discussed and utilized more often for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). Its mechanism is controversial regarding its potential to create anxiety, but the perceived benefit of a rapid reduction of symptoms makes it worthy for study in animal models of, and possibly human studies in, PTSD. The current literature and theoretical mechanism of action is discussed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Liriano
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Candace Hatten
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Thomas L Schwartz
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Niemegeers P, de Boer P, Schuermans J, Dumont GJH, Coppens V, Spittaels K, Claes S, Sabbe BGC, Morrens M. Digging deeper in the differential effects of inflammatory and psychosocial stressors in remitted depression: Effects on cognitive functioning. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:356-63. [PMID: 30423462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, which can persist during remission. Both inflammatory states and psychosocial stress play a role in MDD pathogenesis. METHODS The effects of inflammatory (i.e., Salmonella typhi vaccine) and psychosocial stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test), as well as their combination were investigated on cognition in women (aged 25-45 years, n = 21) with (partially) remitted MDD and healthy controls (n = 18) in a single-blind placebo-controlled study. In a crossover design, patients received on the first day one of the aforementioned interventions and on the other day a placebo, or vice versa, with a washout period of 7-14 days. Short-term and verbal memory, working memory, attention, verbal fluency, information processing speed, psychomotor function, and measures of attentional bias to emotions were measured. Exploratory analyses were performed to assess the correlation between biomarkers of inflammation and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and cognitive functioning. RESULTS In patients, inflammatory stress decreased information processing speed and verbal memory, and increased working memory; after psychosocial stress, there was an increase in attention. There was also an increased negative attentional bias in patients after inflammatory stress. Neither stressor had any effect in controls. LIMITIATIONS Limitations are the relatively small sample size and antidepressant use by a part of the participants. The effects of the stressors were also measured a relatively short period after administration. CONCULSION Patients were sensitive to the cognitive effects of inflammation and psychosocial stress on cognition, while controls were not.
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Ding J, Zhang C, Zhang YW, Ma QR, Liu YM, Sun T, Liu J. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 regulates neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of schizophrenia-like mice. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2112-2117. [PMID: 31397349 PMCID: PMC6788228 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction is the basis of pathophysiology in schizophrenia. Blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor impairs learning and memory abilities and induces pathological changes in the brain. Previous studies have paid little attention to the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NR1) in neurogenesis in the hippocampus of schizophrenia. A mouse model of schizophrenia was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 mg/kg MK-801, once a day, for 14 days. In N-methyl-D-aspartate-treated mice, N-methyl-D-aspartate was administered by intracerebroventricular injection in schizophrenia mice on day 15. The number of NR1-, Ki67- or BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus was measured by immunofluorescence staining. Our data showed the number of NR1-immunoreactive cells increased along with the decreasing numbers of BrdU- and Ki67-immunoreactive cells in the schizophrenia groups compared with the control group. N-methyl-D-aspartate could reverse the above changes. These results indicated that NR1 can regulate neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of schizophrenia mice, supporting NR1 as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of schizophrenia. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Ningxia Medical University, China (approval No. 2014-014) on March 6, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Quan-Rui Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yin-Ming Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Emamghoreishi M, Farrokhi MR, Amiri A, Keshavarz M. The neuroprotective mechanism of cinnamaldehyde against amyloid-β in neuronal SHSY5Y cell line: The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate, ryanodine, and adenosine receptors and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Avicenna J Phytomed 2019; 9:271-80. [PMID: 31143694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cinnamaldehyde may be responsible for some health benefits of cinnamon such as its neuroprotective effects. We aimed to investigate the cinnamaldehyde neuroprotective effects against amyloid beta (Aβ) in neuronal SHSY5Y cells and evaluate the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), ryanodine, and adenosine receptors and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, to its neuroprotective effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS After seeding the cells in 96-well plates, adenosine (20, 40, 80, and 120 µM), NMDA (20, 40, 80, and 120 µM), and dantrolene (as a ryanodine receptor antagonist; 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 µM) were added to the medium containing Aβ25-35 and/or cinnamaldehyde. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method was used to assess neurotoxicity and western blot to measure the GSK-3β protein level. RESULTS Cinnamaldehyde (15, 20, 23, and 25 μM) significantly reversed Aβ-induced toxicity in SHSY5Y neuronal cells. Adenosine (20, 40, 80 and 120 μM) inhibited the neuroprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde (15 μM). NMDA (20, 40, 80, and 120 μM) reduced cinnamaldehyde (15 and 23 μM) neuroprotective effects against Aβ neurotoxicity. Dantrolene (2, 4, 8, and 16 μM) significantly reduced cinnamaldehyde (15 μM) neuroprotective effects. Cinnamaldehyde (15 and 23 μM) suppressed the Aβ-induced increment of GSK-3β protein level. CONCLUSION NMDA and adenosine receptors suppression together with ryanodine receptors stimulation may be relevant to cinnamaldehyde neuroprotective effects against Aβ neurotoxicity. Moreover, the inhibition of GSK-3β may contribute to the cinnamaldehyde neuroprotection.
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that was histopathologically characterized in the brain by the presence of extracellular senile plaques made of amyloid β peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Over the years, AD has been classified in two subgroups: early onset or familial AD and late onset or sporadic AD. On the one hand, familial AD has been described to be the result of genetic mutations that cause, in some cases, for the overproduction of amyloid β. On the other, the cause of late onset or sporadic AD is still unclear even though several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the process of severe and progressive memory and cognitive loss. In the present review, some of the current hypotheses that try to explain the origin of late onset or sporadic AD have been summarized. Also, their potential implication in the development of new drugs for the presymptomatic treatment of late onset or sporadic AD has been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
In specific dosages, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonist ketamine can be used to model transient psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals that resemble those of schizophrenia. Ketamine administration also temporarily impairs cognitive functions, which can be studied by event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs also allow dissecting what stages of information processing are affected by ketamine and what stages remain functional. For tasks requiring the differentiation of targets and non-targets, it has repeatedly been shown that ketamine administration in healthy individuals leads to decreased amplitudes of the ERP component P3b in response to target stimuli. However, it could be argued that this ketamine-induced P3b reduction is the consequence of an increased difficulty to differentiate targets from non-targets, primarily mediated by ketamine's psychotomimetic rather than pharmacological effects. The current review of ERP studies seeks to clarify the issue whether P3b effects of ketamine may indeed be explained as the consequence of an experienced increase in task difficulty or whether alternative mechanisms are perhaps more plausible. The review first summarizes the effects of task difficulty on ERP components related to intentional stimulus categorization (P3b), involuntary attention switches to distractors (P3a), as well as sensory processing (P1, N1). Secondly, the ERP effects of task difficulty are contrasted with those observed in ketamine studies in healthy individuals. Findings show that P3b amplitudes are consistently diminished by an increased task difficulty, as well as after ketamine administration. In contrast and as most important difference, increased task difficulty leads to increased P3a amplitudes to distractors presented in same modality as targets, whereas ketamine leads to reduced P3a amplitudes for such distractors. This dissociation indicates that the decreased P3b amplitudes after ketamine cannot be explained by a drug-induced increase in task difficulty. The conjoint reductions of P3a and P3b amplitudes instead suggest that working memory operations, in particular working memory updating are impaired after ketamine, which is in line with previous behavioral findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Rosburg
- Forensic Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Current alternatives for the treatment of major depressive disorder lack efficacy and have a delayed onset of action. Recently, the glutamatergic neurotransmission system has been noted to play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Ever since the first report of the antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, ketamine, research has been redirected to novel therapeutic targets. With this rapidly growing evidence of a fast-acting antidepressant such as ketamine, as well as its efficacy in treatment-resistant cases of depression, off-label use has become popular in certain settings. In this article, the clinical antidepressant properties of ketamine in relation to the glutamate hypothesis of depression are discussed, to highlight the breakthrough of these findings in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and provide a clearer view of its benefits and potential harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pérez-Esparza
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Mexico City, Mexico.,Addiction Research Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Mexico City, Mexico
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Lin CH, Lin CH, Chang YC, Huang YJ, Chen PW, Yang HT, Lane HY. Sodium Benzoate, a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor, Added to Clozapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:422-432. [PMID: 29397899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clozapine is the last-line antipsychotic agent for refractory schizophrenia. To date, there is no convincing evidence for augmentation on clozapine. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, including inhibition of D-amino acid oxidase that may metabolize D-amino acids, has been reported to be beneficial for patients receiving antipsychotics other than clozapine. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of a D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor, sodium benzoate, for schizophrenia patients who had poor response to clozapine. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sixty schizophrenia inpatients that had been stabilized with clozapine were allocated into three groups for 6 weeks' add-on treatment of 1 g/day sodium benzoate, 2 g/day sodium benzoate, or placebo. The primary outcome measures were Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Quality of Life Scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning. Side effects and cognitive functions were also measured. RESULTS Both doses of sodium benzoate produced better improvement than placebo in the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The 2 g/day sodium benzoate also produced better improvement than placebo in PANSS-total score, PANSS-positive score, and Quality of Life Scale. Sodium benzoate was well tolerated without evident side effects. The changes of catalase, an antioxidant, were different among the three groups and correlated with the improvement of PANSS-total score and PANSS-positive score in the sodium benzoate group. CONCLUSIONS Sodium benzoate adjuvant therapy improved symptomatology of patients with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the optimal dose and treatment duration as well as the mechanisms of sodium benzoate for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Lin
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Cune Chang
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhen Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Chin-Ho Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Ding J, Shao Y, Zhou HH, Ma QR, Zhang YW, Ding YX, He YQ, Liu J. Effect of NMDA on proliferation and apoptosis in hippocampal neural stem cells treated with MK-801. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1137-1142. [PMID: 30116364 PMCID: PMC6090289 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on proliferation and apoptosis of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) treated with dizocilpine (MK-801). Cultures of hippocampal NSCs were randomly divided into four groups consisting of an untreated control, cells treated with MK-801, NMDA and a combination of MK801 and NMDA (M+N). Proliferative and apoptotic responses for each of the experimental groups were determined by MTS and flow cytometry. The results revealed that MK-801 and NMDA exerted significant effects on hippocampal NSCs proliferation. Cell survival rates decreased in MK-801, NMDA and M+N treated groups compared with the control group. Cells survival rates in NMDA and M+N treated groups increased compared with the MK-801 treated group. MK-801 and NMDA were demonstrated to significantly affect apoptosis in hippocampal NSCs. Total and early stages of apoptosis in MK-801 and NMDA groups significantly increased compared with the control group. Total and early apoptosis of NSCs in the M+N group significantly decreased compared with MK-801 and NMDA groups. Late apoptosis of NSCs in MK-801 and NMDA groups significantly decreased compared with the control group. Late apoptosis of NSCs in the M+N group significantly increased compared with MK-801 and NMDA groups. The present study revealed that MK-801 inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis in hippocampal NSCs. NMDA may reduce the neurotoxicity induced by MK-801, which may be associated with its activity towards NMDA receptors and may describe a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Shao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Rui Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Wei Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Xiu Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing He
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Chen J, Li X, Li X, Chen D. The environmental pollutant BDE-209 regulates NO/cGMP signaling through activation of NMDA receptors in neurons. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:3397-3407. [PMID: 29151189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The common flame retardant decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a persistent organic pollutant. Epidemiological studies have revealed that prenatal or postnatal exposure to BDE-209 can result in delayed cognitive development, and BDE-209 has been shown to be toxic to cultured neurons with maturation interference effects. However, its neurotoxic mechanism remains unclear. Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling plays an important role in regulating neuronal maturation. We examined the influence of BDE-209 (100, 200, and 400 nM) on NO production and cGMP levels signaling in rodent neurons in vitro, with or without pretreatment N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism. We found that nanomolar concentrations of BDE-209 affected levels of the second messengers NO and cGMP, and that these effects could be blocked by NMDA receptor antagonism. Moreover, BDE-209 activation of NMDA receptors inhibited the expression of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which modulate intracellular cGMP levels, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, favoring apoptosis induction. Our studies implicate the NMDA-NO/cGMP pathway in the pathogenic mechanism through which BDE-209 induces neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Chen
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Key Laboratories for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Key Laboratories for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- , No.63, Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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50
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Lee WH, Carey LM, Li LL, Xu Z, Lai YY, Courtney MJ, Hohmann AG. ZLc002, a putative small-molecule inhibitor of nNOS interaction with NOS1AP, suppresses inflammatory nociception and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and synergizes with paclitaxel to reduce tumor cell viability. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918801224. [PMID: 30157705 PMCID: PMC6144507 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918801224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity contributes to central sensitization. Our laboratories and others recently reported that disrupting protein-protein interactions downstream of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors suppresses pain. Specifically, disrupting binding between the enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase and either its upstream (postsynaptic density 95 kDa, PSD95) or downstream (e.g. nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein, NOS1AP) protein partners suppressed inflammatory and/or neuropathic pain. However, the lack of a small-molecule neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP inhibitor has hindered efforts to validate the therapeutic utility of disrupting the neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP interface as an analgesic strategy. We, therefore, evaluated the ability of a putative small-molecule neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP inhibitor ZLc002 to disrupt binding between neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NOS1AP using ex vivo, in vitro, and purified recombinant systems and asked whether ZLc002 would suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain in vivo. In vitro, ZLc002 reduced co-immunoprecipitation of full-length NOS1AP and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in cultured neurons and in HEK293T cells co-expressing full-length neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NOS1AP. However, using a cell-free biochemical binding assay, ZLc002 failed to disrupt the in vitro binding between His-neuronal nitric oxide synthase1-299 and glutathione S-transferase-NOS1AP400-506, protein sequences containing the required binding domains for this protein-protein interaction, suggesting an indirect mode of action in intact cells. ZLc002 (4-10 mg/kg i.p.) suppressed formalin-evoked inflammatory pain in rats and reduced Fos protein-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn. ZLc002 also suppressed mechanical and cold allodynia in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Anti-allodynic efficacy was sustained for at least four days of once daily repeated dosing. ZLc002 also synergized with paclitaxel when administered in combination to reduce breast (4T1) or ovarian (HeyA8) tumor cell line viability but did not alter tumor cell viability without paclitaxel. Our results verify that ZLc002 disrupts neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP interaction in intact cells and demonstrate, for the first time, that systemic administration of a putative small-molecule inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP suppresses inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hung Lee
- Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Molecular and
Cellular Biochemistry Department,
Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lawrence M Carey
- Program in Neuroscience,
Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Li-Li Li
- Neuronal Signalling Lab, Turku Centre for Biotechnology,
University of Turku; Åbo Academy University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology and Institute of Biomedicine,
Screening Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Zhili Xu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Lai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Anagin, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael J Courtney
- Neuronal Signalling Lab, Turku Centre for Biotechnology,
University of Turku; Åbo Academy University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology and Institute of Biomedicine,
Screening Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Molecular and
Cellular Biochemistry Department,
Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience,
Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana
University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Bloomington, IN, USA
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