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Nonaka S, Okamoto R, Katsuta Y, Kanetsuki S, Nakanishi H. Gingipain-carrying outer membrane vesicles from Porphyromonas gingivalis cause barrier dysfunction of Caco-2 cells by releasing gingipain into the cytosol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 707:149783. [PMID: 38493746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Ingestion of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, disrupts the intestinal barrier in mice. However, the involvement of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted from P. gingivalis in the destruction of the intestinal barrier remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that OMVs carrying gingipains, the major cysteine proteases produced by P. gingivalis, affects the intestinal barrier function. OMVs increased the permeability of the Caco-2 cell monolayer, a human intestinal epithelial cell line, accompanied by degradation of the tight junction protein occludin. In contrast, OMVs prepared from mutant strains devoid of gingipains failed to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction or occludin degradation in Caco-2 cells. A close histological examination revealed the intracellular localization of gingipain-carrying OMVs. Gingipain activity was detected in the cytosolic fraction of Caco-2 cells after incubation with OMVs. These results suggest that gingipains were internalized into intestinal cells through OMVs and transported into the cytosol, where they then directly degraded occludin from the cytosolic side. Thus, P. gingivalis OMVs might destroy the intestinal barrier and induce systemic inflammation via OMV itself or intestinal substances leaked into blood vessels, causing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
| | - Rin Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yui Katsuta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Shiori Kanetsuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
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2
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Citi S, Fromm M, Furuse M, González-Mariscal L, Nusrat A, Tsukita S, Turner JR. A short guide to the tight junction. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261776. [PMID: 38712627 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are specialized regions of contact between cells of epithelial and endothelial tissues that form selective semipermeable paracellular barriers that establish and maintain body compartments with different fluid compositions. As such, the formation of TJs represents a critical step in metazoan evolution, allowing the formation of multicompartmental organisms and true, barrier-forming epithelia and endothelia. In the six decades that have passed since the first observations of TJs by transmission electron microscopy, much progress has been made in understanding the structure, function, molecular composition and regulation of TJs. The goal of this Perspective is to highlight the key concepts that have emerged through this research and the future challenges that lie ahead for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Citi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fromm
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin,Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodajii, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, México
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Mucosal Biology and Inflammation Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 4057 Biomedical Science Research Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (ACRO), Teikyo University, Kaga 2-21-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 01125, USA
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3
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Vuralli D, Ceren Akgor M, Gok Dagidir H, Gulbahar O, Yalinay M, Bolay H. Lipopolysaccharide, VE-cadherin, HMGB1, and HIF-1α levels are elevated in the systemic circulation in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache: evidence of leaky gut and inflammation. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:23. [PMID: 38369488 PMCID: PMC10875763 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication overuse headache (MOH) was recently shown to be associated with leaky gut in rodents. We aimed to investigate whether chronic migraine (CM) patients with MOH have elevated lipopolysaccharide levels and inflammatory molecules in blood circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included women participants (40 CM patients with NSAID overuse headache, 35 episodic migraine (EM) patients, and 20 healthy non-headache sufferers). Migraine duration, monthly migraine headache days, MigSCog, HADS-D, HADS-A, and HIT-6 scores were recorded. Serum samples were collected to measure circulating LPS, LPS binding protein (LBP), tight junction protein occludin, adherens junction protein vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), CGRP, HMGB1, HIF-1α, IL-6, and IL-17 levels. RESULTS Serum LPS, VE-Cadherin, CGRP, HIF-1α, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the CM + MOH group compared to the EM group and healthy controls while serum LBP and HMGB1 were higher in the CM + MOH group compared to healthy controls. IL-17 and occludin levels were comparable between the three groups. Serum HMGB1 levels in EM patients were higher compared to the control group. Mig-SCog and HIT-6 scores were higher in the CM + MOH group compared to EM patients. HADS-A and HADS-D scores were significantly higher in the CM + MOH group compared to EM patients and healthy controls, and they were also higher in EM patients compared to healthy subjects. LPS levels were correlated with VE-cadherin and occludin levels. The number of monthly migraine headache days was positively correlated with serum LPS, HIF-1α, VE-cadherin, and IL-6 levels, HADS-A, HADS-D, HIT-6, and MigSCog scores. CONCLUSION We have evidence for the first time that CM + MOH is associated with elevated serum LPS and LBP levels suggestive of LPS leak into the systemic circulation. Higher levels of nociceptive and/or pro-inflammatory molecules such as HMGB1, HIF-1α, IL-6, and CGRP may play a role in trigeminal sensitization and neurobiology of MOH. Intestinal hyperpermeability and consequent inflammatory response should be considered as a potential contributory factor in patients with MOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doga Vuralli
- Department of Neurology and Algology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Ceren Akgor
- Department of Neurology and Algology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hale Gok Dagidir
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gulbahar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yalinay
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Bolay
- Department of Neurology and Algology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dos Santos MV, Holth A, Bischof K, Davidson B. Occludin is overexpressed in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma compared to mesothelioma and is a marker of tumor progression and chemoresistance. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:69-76. [PMID: 38141113 PMCID: PMC10830600 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the expression and prognostic role of the tight junction protein occludin in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Occludin protein expression by immunohistochemistry was analyzed in 602 HGSC (417 effusions, 185 surgical specimens). Expression in mesothelioma (n = 87; 45 effusions, 42 surgical specimens) was studied for comparative purposes. Occludin protein expression was found in 587/602 (98%) HGSC vs. 40/87 (46%) mesotheliomas and was predominantly limited to < 5% of cells in the latter (p < 0.001). Occludin was additionally overexpressed in HGSC effusions compared to surgical specimens (p < 0.001) and was overexpressed in post-chemotherapy effusions compared to chemo-naive effusions tapped at diagnosis (p = 0.015). Occludin expression in HGSC surgical specimens was associated with poor chemoresponse (p < 0.001) and primary resistance (p = 0.001). Expression in effusions and surgical specimens was unrelated to survival (p > 0.05). In conclusion, occludin expression is higher in HGSC compared to mesothelioma, and this protein is overexpressed in HGSC effusions, possibly reflecting changes in adhesion related to anchorage-independent growth in this microenvironment. Overexpression in post-chemotherapy compared to chemo-naïve effusions suggest a role in disease progression. Occludin expression in surgical specimens may be related to chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Varela Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
- Permanent Address: Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central E.P.E, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arild Holth
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katharina Bischof
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310, Montebello, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
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Zhang L, Wei X. Stepwise modulation of apical orientational cell adhesions for vertebrate neurulation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2271-2283. [PMID: 37534608 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurulation transforms the neuroectoderm into the neural tube. This transformation relies on reorganising the configurational relationships between the orientations of intrinsic polarities of neighbouring cells. These orientational intercellular relationships are established, maintained, and modulated by orientational cell adhesions (OCAs). Here, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) neurulation as a major model, we propose a new perspective on how OCAs contribute to the parallel, antiparallel, and opposing intercellular relationships that underlie the neural plate-keel-rod-tube transformation, a stepwise process of cell aggregation followed by cord hollowing. We also discuss how OCAs in neurulation may be regulated by various adhesion molecules, including cadherins, Eph/Ephrins, Claudins, Occludins, Crumbs, Na+ /K+ -ATPase, and integrins. By comparing neurulation among species, we reveal that antiparallel OCAs represent a conserved mechanism for the fusion of the neural tube. Throughout, we highlight some outstanding questions regarding OCAs in neurulation. Answers to these questions will help us understand better the mechanisms of tubulogenesis of many tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, 9 South LvShun Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiangyun Wei
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Developmental Biology, and Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Dağıdır HG, Topa E, Vuralli D, Bolay H. Medication overuse headache is associated with elevated lipopolysaccharide binding protein and pro-inflammatory molecules in the bloodstream. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:150. [PMID: 37940864 PMCID: PMC10631084 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a secondary headache that accompanies chronic migraine. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently used analgesics worldwide and they are known to induce leaky gut. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether NSAID induced MOH is associated with altered circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels and inflammatory molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Piroxicam (10 mg/kg/day, po) for 5 weeks was used to induce MOH in female Sprague Dawley rats. Pain behavior was evaluated by periorbital withdrawal thresholds, head-face grooming, freezing, and head shake behavior. Serum samples and brain tissues were collected to measure circulating LBP, tight junction protein occludin, adherens junction protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), IL-6 levels and brain high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and IL-17 levels. RESULTS Chronic piroxicam exposure resulted in decreased periorbital mechanical withdrawal thresholds, increased head-face grooming, freezing, and head shake behavior compared to vehicle administration. Serum LBP, CGRP, IL-6, IL-17, occludin, VE-cadherin levels and brain IL-17 and HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in piroxicam group compared to controls. Serum LBP was positively correlated with occludin (r = 0.611), VE-cadherin (r = 0.588), CGRP (r = 0.706), HMGB1 (r = 0.618) and head shakes (r = 0.921), and negatively correlated with periorbital mechanical withdrawal thresholds (r = -0.740). CONCLUSION Elevated serum LBP, VE-cadherin and occludin levels indicating disrupted intestinal barrier function and leakage of LPS into the systemic circulation were shown in female rats with MOH. LPS induced low-grade inflammation and elevated nociceptive and/or pro-inflammatory molecules such as HMGB1, IL-6, IL-17 and CGRP may play a role in the development and maintenance of MOH. Interference with leaky gut and pro-inflammatory nociceptive molecules could also be a target for sustained management of MOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Gök Dağıdır
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Elif Topa
- Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Doga Vuralli
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
- Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Neurology and Algology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hayrunnisa Bolay
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye.
- Neuropsychiatry Center, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye.
- Department of Neurology and Algology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Türkiye.
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Torices S, Daire L, Simon S, Naranjo O, Mendoza L, Teglas T, Fattakhov N, Adesse D, Toborek M. Occludin: a gatekeeper of brain Infection by HIV-1. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 37840143 PMCID: PMC10577960 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the pathological hallmarks of brain infection by HIV-1. BBB damage during HIV-1 infection has been associated with modified expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, including occludin. Recent evidence indicated occludin as a redox-sensitive, multifunctional protein that can act as both an NADH oxidase and influence cellular metabolism through AMPK kinase. One of the newly identified functions of occludin is its involvement in regulating HIV-1 infection. Studies suggest that occludin expression levels and the rate of HIV-1 infection share a reverse, bidirectional relationship; however, the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. In this review, we describe the pathways involved in the regulation of HIV-1 infection by occludin. We propose that occludin may serve as a potential therapeutic target to control HIV-1 infection and to improve the lives of people living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Leah Daire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Sierra Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Luisa Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street Miami, Miami, FL, 11336, USA.
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Donmez-Altuntas H, Sahin Ergul S, Altin-Celik P, Bulut K, Eci Roglu H, Uzen R, Sahin GG, Ozer NT, Temel S, Arikan TB, Esmaoglu A, Yuksel RC, Sungur M, Gundogan K. Gut barrier protein levels in serial blood samples from critically ill trauma patients during and after intensive care unit stay. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023; 49:2203-2213. [PMID: 37296330 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In an effort to better manage critically ill patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit (ICU) after experiencing multiple traumas, the present study aimed to assess whether plasma levels of intestinal epithelial cell barrier proteins, including occludin, claudin-1, junctional adhesion molecule (JAM-1), tricellulin and zonulin, could be used as novel biomarkers. Additional potential markers such as intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), D-lactate, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and citrulline were also evaluated. We also aimed to determine the possible relationships between the clinical, laboratory, and nutritional status of patients and the measured marker levels. METHODS Plasma samples from 29 patients (first, second, fifth and tenth days in the ICU and on days 7, 30 and 60 after hospital discharge) and 23 controls were subjected to commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. RESULTS On first day (admission) and on the second day, plasma I-FABP, D-lactate, citrulline, occludin, claudin-1, tricellulin and zonulin levels were high in trauma patients and positively correlated with lactate, C-reactive protein (CRP), number of days of ICU hospitalisation, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (P < 0.05-P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that occludin, claudin-1, tricellulin and zonulin proteins, as well as I-FABP, D-lactate and citrulline, may be used as promising biomarkers for the evaluation of disease severity in critically ill trauma patients, despite the complexity of the analysis of various barrier markers. However, our results should be supported by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serap Sahin Ergul
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- 100/2000 CoHE PhD Scholarship Program, Institute of Health Sciences, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pinar Altin-Celik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- 100/2000 CoHE PhD Scholarship Program, Institute of Health Sciences, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kadir Bulut
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamiyet Eci Roglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- Health Services Vocational School, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, 07425, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Uzen
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- 100/2000 CoHE PhD Scholarship Program, Institute of Health Sciences, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Gunes Sahin
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- 100/2000 CoHE PhD Scholarship Program, Institute of Health Sciences, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Cappadocia University, 50000, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Tugra Ozer
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
- 100/2000 CoHE PhD Scholarship Program, Institute of Health Sciences, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sahin Temel
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Turkmen Bahadir Arikan
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aliye Esmaoglu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Recep Civan Yuksel
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Sungur
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, 38030, Kayseri, Turkey
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9
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Torices S, Teglas T, Naranjo O, Fattakhov N, Frydlova K, Cabrera R, Osborne OM, Sun E, Kluttz A, Toborek M. Occludin Regulates HIV-1 Infection by Modulation of the Interferon Stimulated OAS Gene Family. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4966-4982. [PMID: 37209263 PMCID: PMC10199280 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1-associated blood brain barrier (BBB) alterations and neurocognitive disorders are frequent clinical manifestations in HIV-1 infected patients. The BBB is formed by cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and sealed together by tight junction proteins, such as occludin (ocln). Pericytes are a key cell type of NVU that can harbor HIV-1 infection via a mechanism that is regulated, at least in part, by ocln. After viral infection, the immune system starts the production of interferons, which induce the expression of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) family of interferon stimulated genes and activate the endoribonuclease RNaseL that provides antiviral protection by viral RNA degradation. The current study evaluated the involvement of the OAS genes in HIV-1 infection of cells of NVU and the role of ocln in controlling OAS antiviral signaling pathway. We identified that ocln modulates the expression levels of the OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL genes and proteins and, in turn, that the members of the OAS family can influence HIV replication in human brain pericytes. Mechanistically, this effect was regulated via the STAT signaling. HIV-1 infection of pericytes significantly upregulated expression of all OAS genes at the mRNA level but selectively OAS1, OAS2, and OAS3 at the protein level. Interestingly no changes were found in RNaseL after HIV-1 infection. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the regulation of HIV-1 infection in human brain pericytes and suggest a novel role for ocln in controlling of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA.
| | - Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Kristyna Frydlova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Rosalba Cabrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Olivia M Osborne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Enze Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Allan Kluttz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 11336, USA.
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Safari F, Sharifi M, Talebi A, Mehranfard N, Ghasemi M. Alleviation of cholestatic liver injury and intestinal permeability by lubiprostone treatment in bile duct ligated rats: role of intestinal FXR and tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:2009-2022. [PMID: 36897372 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Gut barrier disintegrity and endotoxin translocation to the liver and systemic circulation are serious clinical complications associated with the stoppage of intestinal bile flow. There is no precise pharmacological option to prevent increased intestinal permeability after bile duct ligation (BDL). Lubiprostone, a chloride channel-2 agonist, has been shown to accelerate restoration of epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by injury, but the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of lubiprostone on intestine barrier integrity remain unknown. Here, we assessed the beneficial effect of lubiprostone on cholestasis caused by BDL and relevant mechanisms. Male rats were subjected to BDL for 21 days. Seven days after BDL induction, lubiprostone was administered twice daily (10 µg/kg of body weight). Intestinal permeability was assessed through measurements of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration. Real-time PCR was conducted to assess expression of intestinal claudin-1 occludin and FXR genes, which are important in preserving the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, as well as claudin-2 being involved in a leaky gut barrier. Histopathological alterations were also monitored for liver injury. Lubiprostone significantly decreased BDL-induced systemic LPS elevation in rats. BDL induced a significant reduction in FXR, occludin, and claudin-1 genes expression, while increased claudin-2 expression in rat colon. Treatment with lubiprostone significantly restored expression of these genes to the control values. BDL also increased the level of hepatic enzymes ALT, ALP, AST, and total bilirubin, while lubiprostone could preserve the hepatic enzymes and total bilirubin in the treated BDL rats. Lubiprostone also caused a significant reduction in BDL-induced liver fibrosis and intestinal damage in rats. Our results suggest that lubiprostone favorably prevents BDL-induced alterations in intestinal epithelial barrier integrity possibly via modulating intestinal FXRs and tight junction gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereydoon Safari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Nong H, Yuan H, Lin Y, Chen S, Li Y, Luo Z, Yang W, Zhang T, Chen Y. IL-22 promotes occludin expression by activating autophagy and treats ulcerative colitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04806-z. [PMID: 37440121 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 serves a protective function in the intestinal barrier. These protective properties of IL-22 may offer a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the exact mechanisms of action remain unclear. Autophagy plays an important protective role in stabilizing the intestinal barrier. We aimed to explore the role of autophagy in the IL-22-mediated-protective effects in UC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administrated via drinking water over 7 days to induce acute UC in BALB/c mice. Treatments with IL-22 (0.25 μg/10 g bodyweight) were started by intraperitoneal injection on days 1, 3, and 5. Weight, disease activity index, histological score, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were used to evaluate the severity of colitis. The expressions of occludin and autophagy-related proteins LC3BII/I were measured by western blot analysis. The lipopolysaccharide-induced HT-29 cell model was used to explore the mechanism. In vivo, IL-22 significantly alleviated DSS-induced clinical manifestations, reduced histological injury, and inhibited MPO activity. IL-22 upregulated the expression of occludin and the LC3B II/I ratio in the colon. In vitro, IL-22 significantly lowered TNF-α levels and enhanced the expression of occludin and the LC3B II/I ratio. Importantly, inhibiting autophagy in vitro by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the occludin protective effects of IL-22. In summary, our findings demonstrate that IL-22 ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, which may be attributable to activating autophagy and then promoting occludin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhaoqiong Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Yuanneng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
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Zhao MQ, Cui MY, Jiang QL, Wang JJ, Fan MY, Lu YY. Characterization of Duodenal Microbiota in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis and Healthy Controls. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07948-8. [PMID: 37258979 PMCID: PMC10352172 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in acute pancreatitis correlates with the severity of the disease. However, corresponding studies on the microbial composition of the duodenal mucosa of patients are uncommon. METHODS Duodenal mucosal biopsies were collected by gastroscopy from 16 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (the Ap group) and 16 healthy individuals (the control group) and subjected to histological studies as well as bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Caerulein and L-arginine were used to induce mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in mice, respectively, and their pancreas and duodenum were collected for histological studies. RESULTS H&E analysis displayed no significant pathological damage in the descending duodenum of patients with acute pancreatitis compared with that of the controls. Immunofluorescence and Real-time PCR revealed that the expressions of tight junction proteins (TJPs) in duodenal mucosa were decreased in acute pancreatitis. The results of the alpha diversity analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups, while LEfSe and the random forest revealed a few differences, indicating that the descending duodenum mucosal microbiota changed slightly in patients with mild acute pancreatitis. We observed the pathological changes and the expression of TJPs in the duodenum in the three groups of mice and found that SAP mice had more severe pathological damage in the duodenum. Furthermore, the expression of TJPs in the duodenum was lower in the MAP and SAP groups of mice compared to control mice, but it was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Patients with mild acute pancreatitis had mild duodenal barrier dysfunction and slight changes in duodenal mucosal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Yan Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao-Li Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao-Yan Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Tanyapanyachon P, Dana P, Thumsongsiri N, Chonniyom W, Saengkrit N. Interrupting the blood-testis barrier with a flutamide-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier: A novel nonsurgical contraceptive approach for male animals. Theriogenology 2023; 206:96-105. [PMID: 37201300 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flutamide is an antagonist of testosterone, an essential hormone in male reproduction. However, the use of flutamide as a contraceptive agent for nonsurgical castration in veterinary practice remains challenging due to its poor bioavailability. Here, the flutamide-loaded nanostructure lipid carrier (FLT-NLC) was synthesized, and its biological effects were demonstrated by an in vitro blood-testis barrier model. The flutamide was incorporated into the nanostructure lipid carrier by a homogenization method resulting in a high encapsulation efficiency (99.7 ± 0.04%). The FLT-NLC was negatively charged (-27.90 ± 0.10 mV), with a nano size (182.13 ± 0.47 nm) and narrow dispersity index (0.17 ± 0.01). An in vitro release study demonstrated a slower release profile of FLT-NLC when compared with flutamide solution (FLT). The FLT-NLC at doses up to 50 μM showed no significant cytotoxic effects against mouse Sertoli cells (TM4) or mouse fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3) (p > 0.05). An in vitro blood-testis barrier with FLT-NLC demonstrated remarkable lower transepithelial electrical resistance when compared with those lacking FLT-NLC (p < 0.01). Moreover, FLT-NLC significantly decreased the mRNA expression of blood-testis barrier proteins, CLDN11 and OCLN. In conclusion, we successfully synthesized FLT-NLC and confirmed its potential antifertility effects on in vitro blood-testis barrier, thus indicating its possible application as nonsurgical contraception for male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prattana Tanyapanyachon
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Paweena Dana
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nutthanit Thumsongsiri
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Walailuk Chonniyom
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nattika Saengkrit
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Mei N, Li W, Yang T, Xie J. Three acidic polysaccharides derived from sour jujube seeds protect intestinal epithelial barrier function in LPS induced Caco-2 cell inflammation model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124435. [PMID: 37062376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Normal intestinal epithelial barrier function plays a key role in the prevention of many diseases such as infectious enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, etc. In this study, three novel acidic polysaccharides ZY-2, ZY-3 and ZY-4 were isolated from sour jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. Spinosa) seeds and purified by DEAE Sephrose Fast Flow gel. The molecular weight of ZY-2, ZY-3 and ZY-4 was 7.76 kDa, 10.71 kDa and 8.31 kDa respectively, mainly composed of different proportions of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactose, xylose and arabinose. 1H NMR and Congo red experiment results showed that the three polysaccharides mainly contained both α-type and β-type glycosidic bonds with obvious triple helix structural traits. The polysaccharides could up-regulate the expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 in LPS-induced inflammation Caco-2 cells, and reduce IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α significantly. In conclusion, the acidic polysaccharides from sour jujube seeds exhibited great potential in protection intestinal epithelial barrier function through anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Nanju Mei
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Tan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Zengil S, Laloğlu E. Evaluation of Serum Zonulin and Occludin Levels in Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:382-389. [PMID: 37098666 PMCID: PMC10151659 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not fully understood. Little is currently known about the relationship between the interaction the gastrointestinal system and brain function and BD. Zonulin is the only known physiological modulator of tight junctions and is a biomarker for intestinal permeability (IP). Occludin is an integral transmembrane tight junction protein involved in the maintenance and assembly of such junctions. The current study aims to determine whether zonulin and occludin levels are altered in BD and whether they can serve as clinical biomarkers of disease. METHODS Forty-four patients with BD and 44 healthy controls were included in this study. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) was used to determine the severity of manic symptoms, while the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to determine the severity of depressive symptoms, and the Brief Functioning Rating Scale (FAST) to assess functionality. Venous blood samples were taken from all participants and serum zonulin and occludin levels were measured. RESULTS The mean serum zonulin and occludin levels of the patients were significantly higher compared to the healthy control group. There was no difference between manic, depressive, and euthymic patients in terms of zonulin and occludin levels. There was no correlation between the total number of attacks, duration of disease, YMRS, HDRS, FAST scores, and zonulin and occludin levels in the patient group. The groups were divided into three according to body mass index as normal, overweight, and obese. Zonulin and occludin levels increased as body mass index increased and were highest in the obese group. CONCLUSION The study shows that zonulin and occludin levels in BD increase independently of the disease stage. Consideration of the role of IP in the pathogenesis of BD may be helpful in determining the appropriate treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Zengil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Esra Laloğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye
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Xu K, Liu XN, Zhang HB, Zhu XP, Zhang XJ. Tear film instability is associated with weakened colocalization between occludin and MUC5AC in scopolamine-induced dry eye disease (DED) rats. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:463-473. [PMID: 35908134 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease (DED) is a disease with tear film instability because of multiple factors. This study was conducted to explore roles of occludin and MUC5AC in tear film instability in DED rat model. METHODS A total of 20 SD rats were divided into DED group (n = 10) and normal control (NC) group (n = 10). DED rat model was established by subcutaneously injecting with scopolamine hydrobromide. Clinical examinations, including tear breakup time (tBUT), Schirmer's test and corneal fluorescein staining, were conducted to determine corneal functions. Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the ultrastructures of corneal epithelial cells. Western blotting assay was used to identify occludin expression in corneal tissues of DED rats. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to verify gene transcription of occludin and MUC5AC. Colocalization between occludin and MUC5AC was identified with confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Tear breakup time was significantly shorter, and corneal fluorescein staining score was predominantly higher in DED rats compared to those in normal rats (P < 0.05). Normal rats showed a steady tear secretion throughout the whole experiments, while DED rats showed a dramatic reduction on day 14. DED rats demonstrated ultrastructural damage of Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum in corneal epithelial cells. Occludin and MUC5AC expressions were significantly downregulated in corneal tissue of DED rats compared with those of normal rats (P < 0.05). Percentage of occludin-MUC5AC-colocalized corneal epithelial cells in DED rats was significantly less compared with those in normal rats (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Tear film stability was damaged in scopolamine-induced DED rats because of the weakened colocalization between occludin and MUC5AC molecule. This study would provide a potential clue for the pathogenesis and a promising theoretical basis for clinical work of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 599, Xiying Road, Xi'an, 710054, China. .,Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xian-Ning Liu
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Bing Zhang
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhu
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xian-Jiao Zhang
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Chakraborty M, Gautam A, Das O, Masid A, Bhaumik M. Prenatal arsenic exposure stymies gut butyrate production and enhances gut permeability in post natal life even in absence of arsenic deftly through miR122- Occludin pathway. Toxicol Lett 2023; 374:19-30. [PMID: 36473683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This discourse attempts to capture a few important dimensions of gut physiology like microbial homeostasis, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, occludin expression, and gut permeability in post-natal life of mice those received arsenic only during pre-natal life. Adult Balb/c mice were fed with 4 ppm arsenic trioxide in drinking water during breeding and gestation. After the birth of the pups, the arsenic water was withdrawn and replaced with clean drinking water. The pups were allowed to grow for 28 days (pAs-mice) and age matched Balb/c mice which were never exposed to arsenic served as control The pAs-mice showed a striking reduction in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio coupled with a decrease in tight junction protein, occludin resulting in an increase in gut permeability, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon and decrease in common SCFAs in which butyrate reduction was quite prominent in fecal samples as compared to normal control. The above phenotypes of pAs-mice were mostly reversed by supplementing 5% sodium butyrate (w/w) with food from 21st to 28th day. The ability of butyrate in enhancing occludin expression, in particular, was dissected further. As miR122 causes degradation of Occludin mRNA, we transiently overexpressed miR122 by injecting appropriate plasmids and showed reversal of butyrate effects in pAs-mice. Thus, pre-natal arsenic exposure orchestrates variety of effects by decreasing butyrate in pAs-mice leading to increased permeability due to reduced occludin expression. Our research adds a new dimension to our understanding that pre-natal arsenic exposure imprints in post-natal life while there was no further arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Department of Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; International Max Planck Research School "From Molecules to Organisms'', Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max-Planck-Ring∼5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oishika Das
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Aaheli Masid
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Moumita Bhaumik
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India.
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Solarz A, Majcher-Maślanka I, Kryst J, Chocyk A. Early-life stress affects peripheral, blood-brain barrier, and brain responses to immune challenge in juvenile and adult rats. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:1-15. [PMID: 36400335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) may affect brain maturation and neuroimmune interactions and, consequently, the inflammatory response to subsequent environmental factors later in life. Recently, the coexistence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and inflammation has been implicated in the etiology and progression of mental and/or neurodegenerative diseases. There are sex differences in the prevalence and outcomes of these disorders. The number of studies reporting the effects of ELS and sex on BBB functioning and neuroinflammatory processes in response to immune challenge is very limited, and the data are inconsistent. In the present study, we examined whether ELS, based on the maternal separation (MS) paradigm in rats, can condition male and female subjects to subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune challenge in juvenility or adulthood. Twenty-four hours after acute LPS injection, serum proinflammatory cytokines were measured, and BBB permeability in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HP) was evaluated. Additionally, the mRNA expression of neuroinflammatory markers and BBB-related genes was also studied. We found that a single LPS challenge induced a proinflammatory response both in the periphery and in the mPFC and HP and increased BBB permeability in a sex-dependent fashion. Moreover, MS enhanced the neuroinflammatory response to LPS challenge in males (especially juveniles), whereas MS females showed no difference or a blunted central response to LPS compared with control females, mainly during adulthood. These results suggest that ELS may precondition individuals to subsequent environmental factors later in life in a sex-specific manner and potentially determine their susceptibility or resilience to mental and/or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solarz
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Iwona Majcher-Maślanka
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Joanna Kryst
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Jana Pawła II Av. 78, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chocyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
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de Mattos RLM, Kanno DT, Campos FG, Pacciulli Pereira G, Magami Yoshitani M, de Godoy Delben A, Aires Pereira J, Augusto Real Martinez C. Tissue Content and Pattern of Expression of Claudin-3 and Occludin in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:2351-2353. [PMID: 35641813 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the worst prognostic variable of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). For the development of metastases, it is necessary that cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, migrate into the angiolymphatic system, and invade the tissue where they will develop. The breakdown of the tight junctions (TJs) plays an important role in colorectal metastatic tumors. Claudin-3 and occludin are the main component proteins of TJs. AIM To analyze the expression and tissue content of claudin-3 and occludin in normal and neoplastic tissues of patients with metastatic CRC. METHODS Fifty-seven consecutive patients with stage III and IV CRC were included. Fragments of neoplastic tissue were collected from the tumor margins, and samples of the normal tissue were collected from the same patient in a standardized distance of 10 cm from the cranial margin of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry technique was used to identify the tissue staining of claudin-3 and occludin. To measure the content of both proteins in cellular membranes of normal and cancer cells, a validated immunoscore was used. RESULTS Claudin-3 and occludin in normal tissues are in the apical and lateral membranes of cells, while in the neoplastic, in cytoplasm. The mean of the tissue content of claudin-3 in the normal tissue was 2.57 ± 0.16, while in the neoplastic tissue was 1.03 ± 0.13. The contents of occludin were 2.77 ± 0.1 in normal tissue, while in the neoplastic were 1.08 ± 0.14. CONCLUSION There is a reduction in the content of the claudin-3 and occludin in the cell membranes of the neoplastic tissue in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Toshio Kanno
- Post-Graduate Program in Healt Sciences, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Guilherme Campos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Magami Yoshitani
- Faculty of Medicine, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andress de Godoy Delben
- Post-Graduate Program in Sciences of Surgery, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Aires Pereira
- Department of Pathology, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Real Martinez
- Post-Graduate Program in Healt Sciences, São Francisco University Medical School, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil
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20
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Brunner J, Schvartz D, Gouiller A, Hainard A, Borchard G. Impact of peptide permeation enhancer on tight junctions opening cellular mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101375. [PMID: 36324528 PMCID: PMC9618981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The myristoylated pentapeptide, L-R5, contains an amino acid sequence of the zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) portion (pseudosubstrate) of protein kinase C zeta (PKC ζ). As PKC ζ is involved in the modulation of epithelial tight junctions (TJs) through the phosphorylation of TJ proteins, L-R5 was suggested to interact with the enzyme resulting in the enhancement of paracellular permeability. This study shows that L-R5 does not bind to the enzyme but interacts directly with TJ proteins. We show here that the binding of PKC ζ to occludin and its successive phosphorylation is prevented by L-R5, which leads to TJ disruption and enhanced epithelial permeability. Although L-R5 did not show any in vitro cytotoxicity, a proteomics study revealed that L-R5 interferes with other regulatory pathways, e.g., apoptosis and immune response. We suggest that structural modification of the peptide may increase the specificity TJ protein-peptide interaction. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) showed robust results for protein bindings. The competitivity of L-R5 peptide for the binding of occludin-PKC zeta was shown. Tight junctions proteins expression was decreased due to L-R5 peptide. Multiple other mechanisms can be explored to use L-R5 for other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Brunner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Gouiller
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Hainard
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Corresponding author.
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21
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Wang Z, Guo Q, Ma J, Cheng J, Zhao A, Li W, Wang R. Protective effect of salidroside on lung tissue in rats exposed rapidly to high altitude. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:422-429. [PMID: 37202094 PMCID: PMC10264988 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect and mechanism of salidroside on lung tissue of rats exposed rapidly to high altitude. METHODS Thirty-six Wistar male rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model control group, Rhodiola rosea capsule (137 mg/kg) group, salidroside low-dose (14 mg/kg), medium-dose (28 mg/kg) and high-dose (56 mg/kg) groups, with 6 rats in each group. After 5 continuous days of drug administration in the plain lab, rats were rapidly moved to 4010 m plateau field lab. After exposure to hypoxia condition for 3 days the blood gas indexes were detected; the serum levels of inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the oxidative stress index of lung tissue was measured; the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; and the expression of occludin in lung tissues was determined by western blotting. RESULTS Compared with blank control group, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2), blood pH, standard bicarbonate (SBC) and actual bicarbonate levels in model control group were significantly decreased, and hemoglobin level was significantly increased (all P<0.05). In the model control group, the contents of mast cell protease (MCP) 1, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were significantly increased, while the contents of interferon-γ were significantly decreased (all P<0.01). The contents of glutathione and total superoxide dismutase in the lung tissues of model control group were significantly decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde was significantly increased (all P<0.01). After Rhodiola rosea and salidroside were given, SaO 2, pH, hemoglobin, SBC and actual bicarbonate were improved compared with the model control group. Compared with the model control group, the Rhodiola rosea group and salidroside groups had different degrees of improvement in the contents of the above inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indexes, and the salidroside groups had better improvement in MCP-1 and IL-6 than the Rhodiola rosea group. HE staining showed that, after the administration of Rhodiola rosea capsules and salidroside at low, medium and high doses, the hypoxic injury was significantly improved, the cell wall gradually became thinner, and the alveolar wall gradually became complete. The expression of occludin in the model control group was lower than that in the blank control group ( P<0.05), while the expression of occludin in the salidroside high-dose group was significantly higher than that in the model control group ( P<0.01). CONCLUSION Salidroside can improve the abnormality of blood gas index, hypoxia symptoms and acid-base balance disorder, dysregulation of inflammatory factors caused by hypoxia in rats, and improve lung tissue injury and oxidative stress injury, which has a protective effect on lung tissue injury of rats exposed rapidly to the high-altitude plateau, and the effect is better than Rhodiola rosea capsule on the whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- 1. College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- 2. Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qianwen Guo
- 1. College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- 2. Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jianghong Ma
- 1. College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- 2. Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Junfei Cheng
- 2. Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Anpeng Zhao
- 2. Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- 1. College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- 2. Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Rong Wang
- 1. College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- 2. Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
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22
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Feng C, Liu X, Hu N, Tang Y, Feng M, Zhou Z. Aeromonas hydrophila Ssp1: A secretory serine protease that disrupts tight junction integrity and is essential for host infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:530-541. [PMID: 35798244 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen with a broad host range, including fish and humans. In this study, we examined the function of a secretory serine protease (named Ssp1) identified in pathogenic A. hydrophila CCL1. Ssp1 possesses a trypsin-like serine protease domain and contains two conserved PDZ domains. Recombinant Ssp1 protein (rSsp1) treatment increased intestinal permeability by downregulating and redistributing tight junction protein Occludin in intestinal Caco-2 cells in vitro. Western blot demonstrated that rSsp1 treatment in Caco-2 cells resulted in marked increases in the expressions of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC). For virulence analysis, an isogenic CCL1 mutant ΔSsp1 was created. ΔSsp1 bears an in-frame deletion of the Ssp1 gene. A live infection study in crucian carps showed that, compared to CCL1, ΔSsp1 infection exhibited increased Occludin expression, reduced intestinal permeability and tissue dissemination capacity, and attenuated overall virulence in vivo. However, ΔSsp1 showed no differences in the biofilm formation, swimming motility, and resistance to environmental stress. These lost virulence capacities of ΔSsp1 were restored by complementation with the Ssp1 gene. Global transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that compared to CCL1 infection, ΔSsp1 promoted the expressions of antimicrobial molecules (MUC2, LEAP-2, Hepcidin-1, and IL-22). Finally, CCL1 infection caused significant dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, including increased Vibrio and Deefgea compared to ΔSsp1 infected fish. Taken together, these results indicate that Ssp1 is essential for the virulence of A. hydrophila and is required for the perturbation of intestinal tight junction barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Niewen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengzhe Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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23
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Chou HC, Cheng CM, Yang CH, Lin TY, Liu YW, Tan TH, Chen YR. DUSP3 regulates phosphorylation-mediated degradation of occludin and is required for maintaining epithelial tight junction. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:40. [PMID: 35705979 PMCID: PMC9199239 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tight junctions (TJ) are multi-protein complexes that hold epithelial cells together and form structural and functional barriers for maintaining proper biological activities. Dual specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3), a suppressor of multiple protein tyrosine (Tyr) kinases, is decreased in lung cancer tissues. Here we demonstrated the role of DUSP3 in regulation of epithelial TJ. Methods Barrier functions of TJ were examined in wild-type or DUSP3-deficient lung epithelial cells. Animal and clinical data were analyzed for the association between DUSP3 deficiency and lung cancer progression. Proximity ligation assay, immunoblotting, and phosphatase assay were performed to study the effect of DUSP3 on the TJ protein occludin (OCLN). Mutations of Tyr residues on OCLN showed the role of Tyr phosphorylation in regulating OCLN. Results Compared to those of the DUSP3-expressing cells, we found the expression and distribution of ZO-1, a TJ-anchoring molecule, were abnormal in DUSP3-deficient cells. OCLN had an increased phosphorylation level in DUSP3-deficient cells. We identified that OCLN is a direct substrate of DUSP3. DUSP3 regulated OCLN ubiquitination and degradation through decreasing OCLN tyrosine phosphorylation directly or through suppressing focal adhesion kinase, the OCLN kinase. Conclusion Our study revealed that DUSP3 is an important TJ regulatory protein and its decrease may be involved in progression of epithelial cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00826-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chin Chou
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Rong Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
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24
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Zaghloul MS, Elshal M, Abdelmageed ME. Preventive empagliflozin activity on acute acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via modulation of SIRT-1/PI3K/AKT pathway and improving colon barrier. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 91:103833. [PMID: 35218923 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic colon inflammation that is linked to exposure to environmental factors leading to improper immune responses to enteric microbes in genetically susceptible individuals. This study was designed to explore the possible protective impact of Empagliflozin (EMPA), an anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC in rats. METHOD Intrarectal instillation of AA (2 ml, 3% v/v) was used to induce UC. EMPA (10 & 30 mg/kg) was administered orally for 11 days. RESULTS EMPA successfully counteracted AA-induced UC that was manifested by improving colonic histopathological architecture concomitant with a marked decrease in disease activity index (DAI), colon weight, weight/length ratio, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Additionally, EMPA successfully restored the disrupted oxidant/antioxidants balance induced by AA. Moreover, EMPA significantly induced silent information regulator-1(SIRT-1) expression along with a significant reduction in phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K), Protein Kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) expression in colonic tissues. Furthermore, EMPA successfully improved the colonic barrier that was appeared from the marked induction of tight junction proteins level (occludin and claudin-1). CONCLUSION EMPA successfully counteracted AA-induced UC in rats via the modulation of SIRT1/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB inflammatory pathway, normalizing oxidant/antioxidants balance, and improving the integrity of colon barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S Zaghloul
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Elshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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25
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Razi O, Parnow A, Rashidi I, Pakravan N, Nedaei SE, Motl RW. Aerobic training improves blood-brain barrier and neuronal apoptosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2022; 25:245-253. [PMID: 35655596 PMCID: PMC9124528 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61671.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is central in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology, and exercise may improve BBB integrity. The current study investigated the prophylactic and/ or therapeutic role of aerobic exercise (EX) training on BBB integrity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty female Lewis rats were randomly divided into four groups. The experimental groups included: no-EAE induction+ no-exercise (no-EAE+ no-EX), no-EAE induction+ exercise (no-EAE+EX), EAE induction+ no-exercise (EAE+ no-EX), and EAE induction+ exercise (EAE+EX). The no-EAE+EX and EAE+EX groups performed six weeks of progressive aerobic exercise training. GFAP, angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) expression, tight-junction (TJ) proteins of claudin-5 and occludin were measured as components of BBB integrity and the rate of neuronal apoptosis was evaluated in hippocampi. RESULTS A significant increase in GFAP and Ang-1 expression (P<0.001) and conversely a down-regulation in TJ proteins (P<0.05) was found in the brains of the no-EAE+EX group compared with the no-EAE+ no-EX group. The expression of GFAP and Ang-1 proteins significantly increased in the hippocampi of the EAE+ no-EX group (P<0.001), whereas aerobic training (in the EAE+EX group) meaningfully reversed such increases (P<0.001). Besides, down-regulated TJ proteins and increased neuronal apoptosis induced by EAE induction (EAE+ no-EX group) were restored and reduced, respectively, by aerobic training in the CNS of the EAE+EX group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The provision of a six-week treadmill aerobic training buffered the detrimental effects of EAE on BBB integrity and consequently neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Parnow
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran,Corresponding author: Abdolhossein Parnow. Faculty of Sports Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Tel: +98-83-34283275; Fax: +98-83-34274585; ;
| | - Iraj Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Pakravan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Ershad Nedaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, United States of America
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26
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Nonaka S, Kadowaki T, Nakanishi H. Secreted gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis increase permeability in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells through intracellular degradation of tight junction proteins. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105282. [PMID: 35032577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite a clear correlation between the infiltration of periodontal pathogens in the brain and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the precise mechanism underlying bacteria crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains unclear. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis produces a unique class of cysteine proteases termed gingipains. Gingipains appear to be key virulence factors that exacerbate sporadic AD. We herein report that gingipains are involved in increasing permeability of hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer, human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell lines, through degradation of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens (ZO-1) and occludin. There was a significant decrease in the mean protein levels of ZO-1 and occludin after infection of hCMEC/D3 cells with wild-type (WT) P. gingivalis. However, infection of these cells with a gingipain-deficient P. gingivalis strain showed significantly lower reduction of the mean protein levels of either ZO-1 and occludin, compared to the WT strain. Similar results were obtained after treatment with culture supernatant from WT and gingipain-deficient P. gingivalis strains. In vitro digestion of human recombinant ZO-1 and occludin by WT P. gingivalis culture supernatant in the absence or presence of gingipain inhibitors indicated that gingipains directly degraded these tight junction proteins. A close immunohistochemical examination using anti-gingipain antibody further revealed that gingipains localized in the cytosol and nuclei of hCMEC/D3 cells after infection with WT P. gingivalis and treatment with its culture supernatant. Furthermore, intracellular localization of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) bound gingipains from WT P. gingivalis and OMV-induced degradation of ZO-1 and occludin were also observed in hCMEC/D3 cells. Thus, the delivery of gingipains into the cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, probably through OMV, may be responsible for the BBB damage through intracellular degradation of ZO-1 and occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kadowaki
- Department of Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
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27
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Nalbant K, Erden S, Yazar A, Kılınç İ. Investigation of the Relation between Epithelial Barrier Function and Autism Symptom Severity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2022. [PMID: 34988901 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limitations in mutual communication and social interaction as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities. The possible role of biological abnormalities in the etiopathogenesis of this disorder arouses research interest in this area. This is a case-control study evaluating epithelial barrier function by comparing serum concentrations of occludin and zonulin in children with ASD (n = 60) and controls (n = 30). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to evaluate autism symptom levels in all children. Serum occludin and zonulin levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum occludin was significantly lower in children with ASD than in control subjects. In children with ASD, a decrease in occludin level was significantly associated with the disorder symptom levels items mean score (CARS total scores). Our findings showed that children with ASD had alterations in epithelial barrier function compared to the control group. The investigation of the mechanism underlying the different levels of occludin between ASD and controls may be of importance in clarifying the etiopathogenesis of ASD, as well as its follow-up and treatment.
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28
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Filidou E, Tarapatzi G, Spathakis M, Papadopoulos P, Papadopoulos C, Kandilogiannakis L, Stavrou G, Doumaki E, Sioga A, Meditskou S, Arvanitidis K, Papamitsou T, Grosomanidis V, Kolios G, Kotzampassi K. Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome Is Not Associated with An Early Bacterial Translocation. J Surg Res 2021; 272:51-60. [PMID: 34936912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial translocation and its possible role in the development of post-resuscitation inflammatory response following Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest. METHODS Munich female swine were employed for a model of cardiac arrest via application of electrical current. After 7 min, CPR was initiated, and animals were either successfully return to spontaneous circulation (ROSC) within 40 min or not (no-ROSC). At the end of experimental period and prior to sacrifice, samples from the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver and portal vein blood were obtained. Evaluation of inflammation and gut permeability was performed; MLN, liver and portal vein samples were analyzed for 16 s rRNA detection and cytokine mRNA expression. RESULTS A decreased expression of the tight junction protein Occludin, with higher levels of inflammation, greater epithelial disintegration, ulceration, loss of crypts and villi height were found in the intestines of the ROSC swine in comparison to no-ROSC. The macrophage surface antigen CD-14 staining was relatively more intense in the ROSC than in no-ROSC. Higher levels of TNF-α mRNA expression were present in the liver of the ROSC group. Finally, despite the inflammatory response and the gut mucosal alterations in ROSC group, no bacterial translocation was detected in liver, MLN and portal vein. CONCLUSIONS We show that resuscitation from cardiac arrest induces inflammatory response and intestinal permeability in swine 4h after resuscitation, but not a bacterial translocation. Bacterial translocation is not an early phase phenomenon but probably part of the pathophysiologic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Gesthimani Tarapatzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michail Spathakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Charalampos Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Leonidas Kandilogiannakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Stavrou
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleni Doumaki
- Intensive Care Unit, 424 Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Grosomanidis
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Katerina Kotzampassi
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mohyuddin SG, Qamar A, Hu CY, Li Y, Chen SW, Wen JY, Bao ML, Ju XH. Terpinen4-ol inhibits heat stress induced inflammation in colonic tissue by Activating Occludin, Claudin-2 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107727. [PMID: 34426115 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has severe implications on the health of mice involving intestinal mucosal barrier damage and dysregulated mucosal immune response. This study was designed with long-term heat stress to detect the protective effect of terpinen4-ol on body weight, colon length, organ index, morphological structure, inflammatory cytokines expression, Claudin-2, Occludin, and TLR4 signaling pathway of colonic tissue in mice under heat stress. A study found that oral administration of terpinen4-ol helped against mortality and intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of acute colitis induced by heat stress (40 °C per day for 4 h) exposed for 14 consecutive days. The mice were divided into five groups including control, heat stress, terpinen4-ol low dose (TER LD: 5 mg/kg), medium dose (TER MD: 10 mg/kg), and high dose (TER HD: 20 mg/kg) group. Our study showed that the heat-stress terpinen4-ol group had improved body weight, colon length, and organ index, the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in the blood as compared to the heat stress group. In addition, results showed that heat stress upregulated the expression of TLR4, p65, TNF-α, and IL-10. While, in mice receiving the oral administration of terpinen4-ol, the production of TNF-α, IL-10, TLR4, and p65 was suppressed on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. In addition Claudin-2, Occludin mRNA levels were upregulated in mice receiving terpinen4-ol on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. Furthermore, the IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α serum levels were also upregulated in mice under heat stress, but in mice receiving the oral administration of terpinen4-ol, the IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α level was down-regulated on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. Histomorphological examination found that as compared to the control group, the muscle layer thickness and villi height of mice in the heat stress group were significantly reduced, while the changes of the above indicators in the terpinene4-ol groups were improved than those in the heat stress group. In conclusion, the terpinen4-ol has a protective effect on colonic tissue damage induced by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghulam Mohyuddin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Aftab Qamar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Can-Ying Hu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Ming-Long Bao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Xiang Hong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China.
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Ross AM, Walsh DR, Cahalane RM, Marcar L, Mulvihill JJE. The effect of serum starvation on tight junctional proteins and barrier formation in Caco-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101096. [PMID: 34401532 PMCID: PMC8358646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the ability of pharmaceutics to cross biological barriers and reach the site-of-action requires faithful representation of these barriers in vitro. Difficulties have arisen in replicating in vivo resistance in vitro. This paper investigated serum starvation as a method to increase Caco-2 barrier stability and resistance. The effect of serum starvation on tight junction production was examined using transwell models; specifically, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and the expression and localization of tight junction proteins, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), were studied using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Changing cells to serum-free media 2 days post-seeding resulted in TEER readings of nearly 5000 Ω cm2 but the TEER rapidly declined subsequently. Meanwhile, exchanging cells to serum-free media 4–6 days post-seeding produced barriers with resistance readings between 3000 and 4000 Ω cm2, which could be maintained for 18 days. This corresponded to an increase in occludin levels. Serum starvation as a means of barrier formation is simple, reproducible, and cost-effective. It could feasibly be implemented in a variety of pre-clinical pharmaceutical assessments of drug permeability across various biological barriers with the view to improving the clinical translation of novel therapeutics. Serum starvation increases the intracellular resistance of Caco-2 cells. Max TEER values of 4783 ± 610 Ω cm2 were achieved in serum free conditions. A barrier of 3000–4000 Ω cm2 could be maintained for up to 18 days. Serum starvation leads to a significant increase in occludin expression. Occludin levels correlate significantly with corresponding TEER values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M Ross
- Bioscience and Bioengineering Research (BioSciBer), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.,School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Darragh R Walsh
- Bioscience and Bioengineering Research (BioSciBer), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.,School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rachel M Cahalane
- Bioscience and Bioengineering Research (BioSciBer), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.,School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Lynnette Marcar
- Bioscience and Bioengineering Research (BioSciBer), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Ireland.,Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - John J E Mulvihill
- Bioscience and Bioengineering Research (BioSciBer), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.,School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Ireland
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Leiva S, Dizanzo MP, Fabbri C, Bugnon Valdano M, Luppo V, Levis S, Cavatorta AL, Morales MA, Gardiol D. Application of quantitative immunofluorescence assays to analyze the expression of cell contact proteins during Zika virus infections. Virus Res 2021; 304:198544. [PMID: 34400226 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the Flavivirus (FV) genus. In the last years, several unique characteristics of ZIKV among FV have been revealed, as the multiple routes of transmission and its ability to reach different human tissues, including the central nervous system. Thus, one of the most intriguing features of ZIKV biology is its ability to cross diverse complex biological barriers. The main aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the still unclear mechanisms behind this viral activity. We investigated an African strain and two South American ZIKV isolates belonging to the Asian lineage, in order to characterize possible differences regarding their ability to disturb intercellular junctions. The Asian isolates correspond to an imported (Venezuelan) and an autochthonous (Argentinian) ZIKV strain for which there is still no data available. We focused on occludin and DLG1 expression as markers of tight and adherent junctions, respectively. For this, we applied a quantitative immunofluorescence assay that can ascertain alterations in the cell junction proteins expression in the infected cells. Our findings indicated that the different ZIKV strains were able to reduce the levels of both polarity proteins without altering their overall cell distribution. Moreover, the grade of this effect was strain-dependent, being the DLG1 reduction higher for the African and Asian Venezuelan isolates and, on the contrary, occludin down-regulation was more noticeable for the Argentinian strain. Interestingly, among both junction proteins the viral infection caused a relative larger reduction in DLG1 expression for all viruses, suggesting DLG1 may be of particular relevance for ZIKV infections. Taken together, this study contributes to the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved in ZIKV cytopathogenesis, with a special focus on regional isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Leiva
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Paula Dizanzo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Fabbri
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" (INEVH-ANLIS), Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Bugnon Valdano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Victoria Luppo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" (INEVH-ANLIS), Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" (INEVH-ANLIS), Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio Maiztegui" (INEVH-ANLIS), Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Chu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Guo Y, Chang L, Yun X, Wei Z, Xia Y, Dai Y. Tetrandrine attenuates intestinal epithelial barrier defects caused by colitis through promoting the expression of Occludin via the AhR-miR-429 pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21502. [PMID: 33811696 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002086rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The elevated intestinal permeability due to mucosal barrier defects is not only secondary to inflammatory bowel disease but also precedes enteritis. Tetrandrine, a bisbenzyl isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the dried roots of Stephamis tetlandra S. Moor, was previously demonstrated to ameliorate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Here, we investigate whether and how tetrandrine protects against the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier under colitis condition. The data show that oral administration of tetrandrine significantly counteracted the increase of intestinal permeability in DSS-treated mice, enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of Occludin and Claudin1 in the colon, but hardly affected the expression of ZO-1 and Mucin2. In vitro, tetrandrine treatment rescued the decrease of monolayer transmembrane resistance and the increase of epithelial cell permeability induced by TNF-α, upregulated the expression of Occludin, and downregulated the expression of Claudin1 but did not affect the expression of ZO-1. The siRNA of Occludin largely weakened the protective effect of tetrandrine on the epithelial barrier function in Caco-2 cells. MiR-429 mimic obviously counteracted the upregulation of tetrandrine on the expression of Occludin and the amelioration on epithelial barrier defects, in contrast, miR-429 inhibitor showed the opposite effects. The antagonist (CH223191) and siAhR of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) nearly completely diminished the effects of tetrandrine, including inhibition of the miR429 expression, the upregulation of Occludin expression, and amelioration of intestinal epithelial barrier defects in Caco-2 cells. In colitis mice, CH223191 significantly weakened the protective effect of tetrandrine on colitis and intestinal mucosal barrier and diminished the downregulation on miR-429 expression and the promotion on Occludin expression in the colon. In summary, tetrandrine can attenuate the intestinal epithelial barrier defects in colitis through promoting Occludin expression via the AhR/miR-429 pathway, and it might be used to treat colitis as a barrier protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Chu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinming Yun
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Yang W, Xu HW, Lu XR, Xu QF, Tao MH, Dai YM. Overexpression of miR-122 Impairs Intestinal Barrier Function and Aggravates Acute Pancreatitis by Downregulating Occludin Expression. Biochem Genet 2021. [PMID: 34235595 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) causes intestinal barrier damage, resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which are important factors affecting AP severity and mortality. Here, we studied the mechanism of miR-122 in regulating intestinal barrier function in AP. AP rat model was constructed via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine, and primary intestinal epithelial cells were isolated from rats for in vitro studies. HE staining was used to assess pathological alterations of pancreas and intestines tissues. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA assay. qRT-PCR and WB were used to detect the expressions of miR-122 and occluding, respectively. Then dual-luciferase reporter assay, intestinal permeability test, and cell permeability were performed in vivo and in vitro to probe the molecular mechanism of miR-122 in regulating intestinal barrier function in AP. The expression of miR-122 was upregulated in AP rats, while the expression of occludin was downregulated, and the intestinal permeability was increased in AP rats and primary intestinal epithelial cells isolated from rats. Inhibition of miR-122 regulated intestinal barrier function through mediating occludin expression. miR-122 regulated intestinal barrier function to affect AP through mediating occludin expression in vivo. These results provided evidence that miR-122 overexpression impaired intestinal barrier function via regulation of occludin expression, thus promoting AP progression.
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Olsson A, Gustavsen S, Langkilde AR, Hansen TH, Sellebjerg F, Bach Søndergaard H, Oturai AB. Circulating levels of tight junction proteins in multiple sclerosis: Association with inflammation and disease activity before and after disease modifying therapy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 54:103136. [PMID: 34247104 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junction proteins contribute to maintenance of epithelial and endothelial barriers such as the intestinal barrier and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Increased permeability of these barriers has been linked to disease activity in MS and there is currently a lack of easily accessible biomarkers predicting disease activity in MS. AIM To investigate whether levels of circulating tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) are associated with biomarkers of inflammation and disease activity; and to determine whether they could serve as clinical biomarkers. METHODS We prospectively included 72 newly diagnosed patients with relapsing remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome with no prior disease modifying therapy (DMT) use and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Patients were followed with blood samples, 3 tesla MRI, and clinical evaluation for 12 months. Occludin, ZO-1, calprotectin and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were measured by ELISA; serum neurofilament light (NfL) and IL-6 by single-molecule array (SIMOA). The mRNA expression of IFNG, IL1R1, IL10, IL1B, ARG1 and TNF was measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in whole blood. RESULTS Plasma occludin levels were higher in MS patients compared with HCs. After 12 months on DMT, occludin levels were reduced by approximately 25% irrespective of 1st or 2nd line DMT (p<0.001). Furthermore, NfL and calprotectin levels were significantly reduced by 31% and 29%, respectively. Occludin and ZO-1 did not correlate with biomarkers of inflammation and did not predict disease activity at baseline or after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of occludin suggest an increased permeability of the BBB and/or the intestinal barrier in MS patients. The reduction of occludin after 12 months on DMTs might reflect repair of these barriers upon treatment. However, plasma levels of ZO-1 and occludin could not predict clinical or MRI disease activity as determined by regression and ROC-curve analysis. Our results do not indicate a clear clinically relevant role for circulating tight junction proteins as biomarkers of disease activity in MS and further investigations in larger cohorts are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olsson
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - S Gustavsen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A R Langkilde
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Bach Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A B Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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Yang Q, Yu J, Qin H, Liu L, Di C, Zhuang Q, Yin H. Irbesartan suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of MLCK/MLC. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107834. [PMID: 34174702 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The basic function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is to selectively regulate the infiltration of solutes from the circulating blood into the central nervous system (CNS). Impaired BBB activity is related to brain damage caused by stroke, traumatic injury, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Comprised of a monolayer of endothelial cells, the integrity of the BBB is determined by the expression of tight junction proteins and the contractile activity of the perijunctional apical actomyosin ring. Irbesartan, an AT1R antagonist, has been widely used for the treatment of hypertension. However, the pharmacological function of Irbesartan in the balance of the BBB is still unknown. In the present study, we performed both in-vivo and in-vitro experiments using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to explore the mechanism behind the protective effects of Irbesartan against the BBB impairment. The results of our mouse model study revealed that Irbesartan could reduce BBB permeability, restore the expression of Occludin, and suppress the expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Additionally, Irbesartan improved LPS-induced depressive-like behavior. In our in vitro experiments, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) stimulated with LPS demonstrated decreased endothelial permeability and increased occludin expression in response to Irbesartan treatment. Importantly, we found that the protective effects of Irbesartan were mediated through the NF-κB/MLC/MLCK signaling pathway, as blockage of NF-κB abolished the effects of Irbesartan. Our findings provide a basis for further research into the neuroprotective mechanism of Irbesartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixia Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, China
| | - Juanjuan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, China
| | - Chao Di
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, China
| | - Qiang Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, China.
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Peña-Corona SI, Vásquez Aguire WS, Vargas D, Juárez I, Mendoza-Rodríguez CA. Effects of bisphenols on Blood-Testis Barrier protein expression in vitro: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:139-148. [PMID: 34146661 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenols are a group of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals that produce alterations in the expression of intercellular junction proteins of the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB) involved in spermatogenesis. The association between bisphenol exposure and BTB protein expression is controversial. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify bisphenol effects on Sertoli cell BTB protein expression in vitro. The Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with a 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) was used to evaluate the association between alterations in the BTB protein expression and bisphenol exposure in vitro. Six articles were included in the meta-analysis. Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure at 200 μM was associated with significant decrease in BTB protein expression (SMD = -2.70, 95 %CI: -3.59, -1.80, p het = 0.46, p = <0.00001). In the moderate (40-50 μM) and low dose (<25 μM), no significant associations were obtained. We also found a non-monotonic dose-response curve of bisphenol effect in ZO-1 protein expression; low and high doses presented a significant decrease compared to control, while moderate dose presented no change. The current temporary Tolerable Daily Intake (tTDI) of BPA is 4 μg/kg bw/day. The 5-25 μM doses of BPA are equivalent to ∼1-5 mg/kg bw, respectively. Although the low dose group (<25 μM) assessed doses below the previous NOAEL value, these doses are above the current tTDI. Thus, it is necessary to conduct more studies with lower bisphenol concentrations to avoid underestimating the potential adverse effects of bisphenols at doses below tTDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Irais Peña-Corona
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Walker Sixto Vásquez Aguire
- Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Escuela Académica de Estadística, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos 15081, Lima, Peru
| | - Dinorah Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ivan Juárez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - C Adriana Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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Zhao Q, Yu S, Ling Y, Hao S, Liu J. The Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Inflammatory Injury and Permeability in Brain Endothelial Cells Mediated by Sigma-1 Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1940-1947. [PMID: 34014076 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) mainly arises from the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke, induced by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and infiltrated inflammation. The Sigma-1 receptor (Sigma-1R) is a novel target for neuroprotection, and the α2-receptor agonist pain medication dexmedetomidine displays a neuroprotective effect through activating Sigma-1R. The present study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine in a mouse stroke model and hypoxia/reoxygenation(OGD/R)-induced brain endothelial dysfunction. First, we found that Sigma-1R was significantly upregulated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice by the administration of dexmedetomidine. In vivo experiments revealed that dexmedetomidine ameliorated hyperpermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), lowered the expression level of Occludin, and impaired brain function as measured by neurological scores in MCAO mice. In vitro assays show that dexmedetomidine alleviated OGD/R-caused cytotoxicity, hyperpermeability, abnormal expression of Occludin, and inflammatory factors in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs). Moreover, blockage of Sigma-1R by its antagonist BD1047 abolished the neuroprotective property of dexmedetomidine in both animal and cell culture experiments. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that dexmedetomidine therapy shows neuroprotection in MCAO mice. Mechanistically, dexmedetomidine alleviated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cerebral endothelial dysfunction by activating the Sigma-1R-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Shoushui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Shiyuan Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
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Abstract
This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of miR-132 related to the permeability and mobility of human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells in high-glucose (HG) condition. ARPE-19 cells were cultured in normal and HG condition and identified by immunofluorescence staining. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay, cell permeability was assessed by the FITC-dextran assay and cell mobility was assessed by the wound healing assay. Different miRNA and mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression of tight junction-related proteins was determined by Western blot assay and immunofluorescence. The interaction between occludin and miR-132 was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. We revealed that HG-treated ARPE-19 cells exhibited significantly increased miR-132 expression, decreased expression of the tight-junction markers including occludin and E-cadherin, and increased cell mobility and permeability. Occludin is a direct target of miR-132, which could regulate cell viability, mobility and permeability under HG condition through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. These are the first data to suggest that miR-132 may contribute to the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and that targeting the effect of miR-132 on occudin and the JAK/STAT3 pathway could represent a novel effective DR-treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hua Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
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Pochard C, Gonzales J, Bessard A, Mahe MM, Bourreille A, Cenac N, Jarry A, Coron E, Podevin J, Meurette G, Neunlist M, Rolli-Derkinderen M. PGI 2 Inhibits Intestinal Epithelial Permeability and Apoptosis to Alleviate Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1037-1060. [PMID: 33971327 PMCID: PMC8342971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that encompass both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are a major public health problem with an etiology that has not been fully elucidated. There is a need to improve disease outcomes and preventive measures by developing new effective and lasting treatments. Although polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of several disorders, their contribution to IBD is yet to be understood. METHODS Polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolite profiles were established from biopsy samples obtained from Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or control patients. The impact of a prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analog on intestinal epithelial permeability was tested in vitro using Caco-2 cells and ex vivo using human or mouse explants. In addition, mice were treated with PGI2 to observe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Tight junction protein expression, subcellular location, and apoptosis were measured in the different models by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS A significant reduction of PGI2 in IBD patient biopsies was identified. PGI2 treatment reduced colonic inflammation, increased occludin expression, decreased caspase-3 cleavage and intestinal permeability, and prevented colitis development in DSS-induced mice. Using colonic explants from mouse and human control subjects, the staurosporine-induced increase in paracellular permeability was prevented by PGI2. PGI2 also induced the membrane location of occludin and reduced the permeability observed in colonic biopsies from IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified a PGI2 defect in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients and demonstrated its protective role during colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pochard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Gonzales
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Bessard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Maxime M Mahe
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France; Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- UMR1220, IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Jarry
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Coron
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | | | - Guillaume Meurette
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France.
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Nanou A, Bourbouli M, Vetrano S, Schaeper U, Ley S, Kollias G. Endothelial Tpl2 regulates vascular barrier function via JNK-mediated degradation of claudin-5 promoting neuroinflammation or tumor metastasis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109168. [PMID: 34038728 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability and leakage are hallmarks of several pathologies and determine disease progression and severity by facilitating inflammatory/metastatic cell infiltration. Using tissue-specific genetic ablation in endothelial cells, we have investigated in vivo the role of Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) member with pleiotropic effects in inflammation and cancer. In response to proinflammatory stimuli, endothelial Tpl2 deletion alters tight junction claudin-5 protein expression through inhibition of JNK signaling and lysosomal degradation activation, resulting in reduced vascular permeability and immune cell infiltration. This results in significantly attenuated disease scores in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and fewer tumor nodules in a hematogenic lung cancer metastasis model. Accordingly, pharmacologic inhibition of Tpl2 or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated Tpl2 knockdown recapitulates our findings and reduces lung metastatic tumor invasions. These results establish an endothelial-specific role for Tpl2 and highlight the therapeutic potential of blocking the endothelial-specific Tpl2 pathway in chronic inflammatory and metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Nanou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Science Research Center (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Attika, Greece
| | - Mara Bourbouli
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Science Research Center (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Attika, Greece
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy; IBD Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Steven Ley
- Immune Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Science Research Center (BSRC) "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Attika, Greece; Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Ruan T, Sun J, Liu W, Prinz RA, Peng D, Liu X, Xu X. H1N1 Influenza Virus Cross-Activates Gli1 to Disrupt the Intercellular Junctions of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107801. [PMID: 32610119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) primarily infects the airway and alveolar epithelial cells and disrupts the intercellular junctions, leading to increased paracellular permeability. Although this pathological change plays a critical role in lung tissue injury and secondary infection, the molecular mechanism of IAV-induced damage to the alveolar barrier remains obscure. Here, we report that Gli1, a transcription factor in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, is cross-activated by the MAP and PI3 kinase pathways in H1N1 virus (PR8)-infected A549 cells and in the lungs of H1N1 virus-infected mice. Gli1 activation induces Snail expression, which downregulates the expression of intercellular junction proteins, including E-cadherin, ZO-1, and Occludin, and increases paracellular permeability. Inhibition of the Shh pathway restores the levels of Snail and intercellular junction proteins in H1N1-infected cells. Our study suggests that Gli1 activation plays an important role in disrupting the intercellular junctions and in promoting the pathogenesis of H1N1 virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC
| | - Richard A Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PRC; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PRC; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC; Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PRC.
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Liu L, Zhu M, Liu X, Fei L, Shen J, Chen D. miR-122-5p regulates the tight junction of the blood-testis barrier of mice via occludin : miR-122-5p can regulate the tight junction. Basic Clin Androl 2021; 31:7. [PMID: 33827415 PMCID: PMC8028252 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-021-00126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Occludin protein is the primary assembling protein of TJs and the structural basis for tight junction formation between Sertoli cells in the spermatogenic epithelium. The expression of miR-122-5p and occludin are negatively correlated. In order to investigate the regulation mechanism of miR-122-5p on occludin and TJ, the present study isolated primary Sertoli cells from C57BL/6 mice, identified a transcription factor of miR-122-5p in testicle, studied the modulating loci of miR-122-5p on occludin using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, analyzed the regulate of miR-122-5p on the expression of occludin with real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, and studied the effect of miR-122-5p on the tight junction using a Millicell Electrical Resistance System. Results The relative luciferase activity in the pcDNA-Sp1 + pGL3-miR-122-5p promoter group was significantly higher than that in the pcDNA-Sp1 + pGL3-basic group, which suggests that transcript factor Sp1 promotes the transcription of miR-122-5p. The relative luciferase activity in the occludin 3′-UTR (wt) + miR-122-5p mimic group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (p < 0.01), which indicates that miR-122-5p modulates the expression of occludin via the ACACTCCA sequence of the occludin-3’UTR. The levels of occludin mRNA and protein in the miR-122-5p mimic group were significantly lower than that in the other groups (p < 0.05), which indicates that miR-122-5p reduces the expression of occludin. The trans-epithelial resistance of the miR-122-5p mimic group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group after day 4 (p < 0.05), which indicates that miR-122-5p inhibited the assembly of the inter-Sertoli TJ permeability barrier in vitro. Conclusion These results displayed that miR-122-5p could regulate tight junctions via the Sp1-miR-122-5p-occludin-TJ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Maoying Zhu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, No.100 Qinghe Road, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, No.100 Qinghe Road, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Lumin Fei
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, No.100 Qinghe Road, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Jianyun Shen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, No.100 Qinghe Road, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, No.100 Qinghe Road, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China.
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Abstract
Intercellular tight junctions represent a formidable barrier against paracellular drug absorption at epithelia (e.g., nasal, intestinal) and the endothelium (e.g., blood-brain barrier). In order to enhance paracellular transport of drugs and increase their bioavailability and organ deposition, active excipients modulating tight junctions have been applied. First-generation of permeation enhancers (PEs) acted by unspecific interactions, while recently developed PEs address specific physiological mechanisms. Such target specific tight junction modulators (TJMs) have the advantage of a defined specific mechanism of action. To date, merely a few of these novel active excipients has entered into clinical trials, as their lack in safety and efficiency in vivo often impedes their commercialisation. A stronger focus on the development of such active excipients would result in an economic and therapeutic improvement of current and future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Brunner
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sakthikumar Ragupathy
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Tang J, Kang Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Lan J, Wu L, Feng X, Peng Y. ALS-causing SOD1 mutants regulate occludin phosphorylation/ubiquitination and endocytic trafficking via the ITCH/Eps15/Rab5 axis. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105315. [PMID: 33636390 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) breakdown is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). BSCB integrity is disrupted prior to disease onset. Occludin, as the functional component of the endothelial barrier, is downregulated in mouse models expressing ALS-linked superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) mutants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of occludin expression remain elusive. Here, using SOD1G93A transgenic mice and endothelial cells expressing SOD1 mutants of different biochemical characteristics, we found that the SOD1 mutation disrupted endothelial barrier integrity and that the occludin expression level was downregulated with disease progression. Our mechanistic studies revealed that abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mutant SOD1-expressing cells induced occludin phosphorylation, which facilitated the subsequent occludin ubiquitination mediated by the E3 ligase ITCH. Moreover, ubiquitinated occludin interacted with Eps15 to initiate its internalization, then trafficked to Rab5-positive vesicles and be degraded by proteasomes, resulting in a reduction in cell surface localization and total abundance. Notably, either ITCH or Eps15 knockdown was sufficient to rescue occludin degradation and ameliorate endothelial barrier disruption. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel mechanism of occludin degradation mediated by ALS-causing SOD1 mutants and demonstrates a role for occludin in regulating BSCB integrity.
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Jiang Y, Song J, Xu Y, Liu C, Qian W, Bai T, Hou X. Piezo1 regulates intestinal epithelial function by affecting the tight junction protein claudin-1 via the ROCK pathway. Life Sci 2021; 275:119254. [PMID: 33636174 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Defective tight junctions (TJs) can induce intestinal epithelial dysfunction, which participates in various diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome. However, the mechanisms of TJ defects remain unclear. Our study revealed the role of Piezo1 in regulating intestinal epithelial function and TJs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 were cultured on Transwell plate to form an epithelial barrier in vitro, and Piezo1 expression was manipulated using a lentivirus vector. Epithelial function was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER) and 4-kDa FITC-dextran (FD4) transmission. TJ proteins (claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1) were evaluated by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunostaining analysis. Potential signal pathways, including the ROCK and Erk pathways, were detected. Moreover, to explore the regulatory effect of Piezo1 activity on epithelial function, inhibitors (ruthenium red, GsMTx4) and an agonist (Yoda1) were introduced both ex vivo and in vitro. KEY FINDINGS Alteration of Piezo1 expression altered epithelial function and the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-1. Piezo1 expression regulated phosphorylated ROCK1/2 expression, whereas interference on ROCK1/2 prevented the regulation of claudin-1 by Piezo1. In both Caco-2 monolayer and mouse colon epithelium, Piezo1 activity directly modulated epithelial function and permeability. SIGNIFICANCE Piezo1 negatively regulates epithelial barrier function by affecting the expression of claudin-1. Such regulation may be achieved partially via the ROCK1/2 pathway. Moreover, activating Piezo1 can induce epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Caiyuan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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Engevik AC, Krystofiak ES, Kaji I, Meyer AR, Weis VG, Goldstein A, Coutts AW, Melkamu T, Saqui-Salces M, Goldenring JR. Recruitment of Polarity Complexes and Tight Junction Proteins to the Site of Apical Bulk Endocytosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:59-80. [PMID: 33548596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The molecular motor, Myosin Vb (MYO5B), is well documented for its role in trafficking cargo to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Despite its involvement in regulating apical proteins, the role of MYO5B in cell polarity is less clear. Inactivating mutations in MYO5B result in microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), a disorder characterized by loss of key apical transporters and the presence of intracellular inclusions in enterocytes. We previously identified that inclusions in Myo5b knockout (KO) mice form from invagination of the apical brush border via apical bulk endocytosis. Herein, we sought to elucidate the role of polarity complexes and tight junction proteins during the formation of inclusions. METHODS Intestinal tissue from neonatal control and Myo5b KO littermates was analyzed by immunofluorescence to determine the localization of polarity complexes and tight junction proteins. RESULTS Proteins that make up the apical polarity complexes-Crumbs3 and Pars complexes-were associated with inclusions in Myo5b KO mice. In addition, tight junction proteins were observed to be concentrated over inclusions that were present at the apical membrane of Myo5b-deficient enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Our mouse findings are complemented by immunostaining in a large animal swine model of MVID genetically engineered to express a human MVID-associated mutation that shows an accumulation of Claudin-2 over forming inclusions. The findings from our swine model of MVID suggest that a similar mechanism of tight junction accumulation occurs in patients with MVID. CONCLUSIONS These data show that apical bulk endocytosis involves the altered localization of apical polarity proteins and tight junction proteins after loss of Myo5b.
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Chen CM, Chou HC, Yang YCSH, Su ECY, Liu YR. Predicting Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury from Associated Intestinal and Lung Dysbiosis in Neonatal Mice. Neonatology 2021; 118:163-173. [PMID: 33677454 DOI: 10.1159/000513553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have demonstrated that hyperoxia disrupts the intestinal barrier, changes the intestinal bacterial composition, and injures the lungs of newborn animals. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of hyperoxia on the lung and intestinal microbiota and the communication between intestinal and lung microbiota and to develop a predictive model for the identification of hyperoxia-induced lung injury from intestinal and lung microbiota based on machine learning algorithms in neonatal mice. METHODS Neonatal C57BL/6N mice were reared in either room air or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal days 1-7. On postnatal day 7, lung and intestinal microbiota were sampled from the left lung and lower gastrointestinal tract for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Tissue from the right lung and terminal ileum were harvested for Western blot and histology analysis. RESULTS Hyperoxia induced intestinal injury, decreased intestinal tight junction expression, and impaired lung alveolarization and angiogenesis in neonatal mice. Hyperoxia also altered intestinal and lung microbiota and promoted bacterial translocation from the intestine to the lung as evidenced by the presence of intestinal bacteria in the lungs of hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice. The relative abundance of these bacterial taxa was significantly positively correlated with the increased lung cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal hyperoxia induced intestinal and lung dysbiosis and promoted bacterial translocation from the intestine to the lung. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiology of bacterial translocation to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emily Chia-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Luo HX, Meng YP, Wang HJ, Han HY, Qiao RH, Zhang XN, Feng Y, Wang T. [Study on the damage of the tight junctions of nasal mucosal epithelial cells by artemisia annua pollen]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55:465-471. [PMID: 32842360 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20191002-00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the damage and mechanism of artemisia annua pollen on tight junction of human nasal mucosa epithelial cells (HNEpC). Methods: HNEpC were cultured in vitro. Different concentrations of artemisia annua pollen (0, 20, 40, 80, 100, 160, 200 μg/ml) were used to intervene the cells for 24 h, and the cell proliferation activity was detected by the CCK-8 method. The expression and phosphorylation of p38MAPK signaling pathway were detected by Western Blot before and after the intervention of SB203580, a p38MAPK inhibitor in HNEpC. Immunofluorescence chemical staining, Western Blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to observe the expression and distribution of tight junctions Occludin and Claudin-1. SPSS 21.1 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: CCK-8 results showed that, compared with the control group, the proliferation activity of HNEpC increased after 6 h intervention with different concentrations of artemisia annua pollen (all P<0.05). After 12 h of intervention, the proliferation activity of HNEpC in the 20, 40, 80, 100 and 160 μg/ml groups was not significantly changed (all P>0.05), while that in the 200 μg/ml group was decreased (P<0.05). After the intervention for 24 h, the proliferation activity of cells in the 20 and 40 μg/ml groups was not significantly changed (all P>0.05), while that in the 80, 100, 160 and 200 μg/ml groups was decreased (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the Occludin and Claudin-1 proteins in the normal control group were localized on the cell membrane and expressed more and formed a ring structure around the cell membrane. However, under the intervention of high concentration artemisia annua pollen, its expression level decreased, appeared broken, fuzzy, and nonuniform distribution. Western Blot and qPCR results showed that after 24 h of intervention, the expression levels of HNEpC Claudin-1 protein and its mRNA in the pollen groups (40, 80, 100, 160, 200 μg/ml) of artemisia annua decreased compared with those of those of the control group (mRNA expression levels were 0.567±0.214, 0.443±0.109, 0.462±0.160, 0.497±0.134, 0.388±0.076 compared with 1.001±0.067, respectively, all P<0.05). However, the mRNA of Occludin protein and its mRNA only decreased in the 200 μg/ml treatment group (mRNA expression level was 0.631±0.109 compared with 1.016±0.026, P<0.05), while all the other treatment groups increased (mRNA expression levels were 1.258±0.134, 1.827±0.103, 2.429±0.077, 1.707±0.085, 1.477±0.066 compared with 1.016±0.026, respectively, all P<0.05). Western Blot showed that p-p38MAPK expression increased after intervention with 100, 160, 200 μg/ml artemisia annua pollen for 24 h. SB203580 could inhibit the decreasing expression of Occludin caused by artemisinin pollen (mRNA expression was 1.255±0.179 compared with 0.631±0.109, P<0.05), but had no effect on Claudin-1 protein expression. Conclusion: Pollen from artemisia annua may activate p38MAPK signaling pathway and destroy the close connection of HNEpC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Y P Meng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - H J Wang
- Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - H Y Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - R H Qiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - X N Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - T Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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49
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Liu Y, Gong Z, Zhou J, Yan J, Cai W. Lin 28A/ Occludin axis: An aberrantly activated pathway in intestinal epithelial cells leading to impaired barrier function under total parenteral nutrition. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21189. [PMID: 33200449 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001819r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Disassembly of tight junctions is a major cause of intestinal barrier dysfunction under total parenteral nutrition (TPN), but the precise mechanisms have not been fully understood. Normally, RNA binding protein Lin 28A is highly restricted to embryonic stem cells and dramatically decreases as differentiation progresses; however, in our preliminary study it was found aberrantly increased in the intestinal epithelial cells of TPN rats, and thus its mechanism of action needs to be addressed. Herein, we report a pivotal role of Lin 28A in the regulation of tight junctions, which induces a sustained translational repression of Occludin, leading to disruption of intestinal barrier function under TPN. Using a rat model of TPN, we found time-dependent upregulation of Lin 28A, negatively correlated with Occludin. Using mouse intestinal organoids and human gut-derived Caco-2 cells as in vitro models, we found that expression of Occludin could be significantly suppressed by ectopic overexpression of Lin 28A. The underlying mechanisms may be partially attributed to translational repression, as the abundance of Occludin transcripts in polysomes was dramatically reduced by Lin 28A (polysomal profiling). Furthermore, Lin 28A was found to directly bind to Occludin mRNA 3' untranslated coding region (UTR), thereby repressing the translation of Occludin transcripts through decapping enzyme 1A (DCP1a). Taken together, our findings revealed that Lin 28A/Occludin axis may be a novel mechanism accounting for the development of barrier dysfunction under TPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zizhen Gong
- Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkai Yan
- Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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50
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Czika A, Gorleku PN, Ullah A, Panhwar Z, Ruan LL, Ding YB, Wang YX. The Involvement of Cell Adhesion Molecules, Tight Junctions, and Gap Junctions in Human Placentation. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:305-320. [PMID: 33146876 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Placentation is a major determinant of the success of pregnancy. It is regulated by several factors such as cell adhesion molecules, tight junctions, and gap junctions. The cell adhesion molecules are integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulins, nectins, and selectins. The tight junctions are composed of claudins, occludin, and junction adhesion molecule proteins while the gap junctions are composed of connexins of varying molecular weights. During placentation, some of these molecules regulate trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast fusion, trophoblast migration, trophoblast invasion, trophoblast-endothelium adhesion, glandular remodeling, and spiral artery remodeling. There is a dysregulated placental expression of some of these molecules during obstetric complications. We have, hereby, indicated the expression patterns of the subunits of each of these molecules in the various trophoblast subtypes and in the decidua, and have highlighted their involvement in physiological and pathological placentation. The available evidence points to the relevance of these molecules as distinguishing markers of the various trophoblast lineages and as potential therapeutic targets in the management of malplacentation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Armin Czika
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip Narteh Gorleku
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Republic of Ghana
| | - Amin Ullah
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zulqarnain Panhwar
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Ruan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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