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Wang N, Liu B, Wang D, Xing K, Wang W, Wang T, Yu D. Oil-in-water and oleogel-in-water emulsion encapsulate with hemp seed oil containing Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol: Stability, degradation and in vitro simulation characteristics. Food Chem 2024; 444:138633. [PMID: 38330607 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The present study focused on investigating the stability and in vitro simulation characteristics of oil-in-water (O/W) and oleogel-in-water (Og/W) emulsions. Compared with O/W emulsion, the Og/W emulsion exhibited superior stability, with a more evenly spread droplet distribution, and the Og/W emulsion containing 3 % hemp seed protein (HSP) showed better stability against environmental factors, including heat treatment, ionic strength, and changes in pH. Additionally, the stability of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabinol (CBN) and the in vitro digestion of hemp seed oil (HSO) were evaluated. The half-life of CBN in the Og/W emulsion was found to be 131.82 days, with a degradation rate of 0.00527. The in vitro simulation results indicated that the Og/W emulsion effectively delayed the intestinal digestion of HSO, and the bioaccessibility of Δ9-THC and CBN reached 56.0 % and 58.0 %, respectively. The study findings demonstrated that the Og/W emulsion constructed with oleogel and HSP, exhibited excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Donghua Wang
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TNc, United Kingdom
| | - Kaiwen Xing
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Heilongjiang Nongtou Bio-industry Investment Co., Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Dianyu Yu
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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2
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Sriprablom J, Winuprasith T, Suphantharika M, Wongsagonsup R. Physical properties and in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by single- and dual-modified cassava starches with cross-linking and octenylsuccinylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129965. [PMID: 38325686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The different modified cassava starches (MCS) obtained by either single or dual modifications with cross-linking (CL) and octenylsuccinylation (OS), including 2%CL, 3%OS, 2%CL-3%OS, and 3%OS-2%CL, were used to stabilize soybean oil-in-water emulsions (oil content 10% (w/w)) at a concentration of 4.5% (w/w) compared to native cassava starch (NCS) and their physical properties and in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion were investigated. The emulsions stabilized with NCS and 2%CL-MCS had larger oil droplet sizes, higher viscosity, and lower negative charge than the emulsions stabilized by single- or dual-MCS with 3%OS. All MCS-stabilized emulsions showed a higher emulsion stability against creaming than the NCS-stabilized emulsion. Under a simulated gastrointestinal tract, all 3%OS-MCS promoted droplet flocculation, while the less ionic NCS and the 2%CL-MCS showed a decrease in droplet size after passing through the mouth and stomach stages. The lipid digestion rate of emulsions stabilized with different MCS and NCS followed the following order: 3%OS >2%CL-3%OS > 3%OS-2%CL > 2%CL > NCS. The NCS- and 2%CL-stabilized emulsions had a lower lipid digestion rate, possibly due to the larger droplet sizes and higher viscosity of the initial emulsions, which delays access of lipase enzymes to lipid droplet surfaces, compared to all 3%OS-MCS-stabilized emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiratthitikan Sriprablom
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Division of Food Technology, Kanchanaburi Campus, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand
| | | | - Manop Suphantharika
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rungtiwa Wongsagonsup
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Division of Food Technology, Kanchanaburi Campus, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand.
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3
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Krstonošić V, Pavlović N, Nikolić I, Milutinov J, Ćirin D. Physicochemical properties and stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by soy protein isolate and xanthan gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129610. [PMID: 38246463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine rheological and disperse characteristics and stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by soy protein isolate (SPI) and xanthan gum (XG), as natural components. The effects of their combination on emulsion stabilization have not been investigated yet. The existence of interactions between the two macromolecules were indicated by the influence of XG on SPI surface hydrophobicity and surface tension values. Increase in SPI concentration from 1 to 3 % shift of distribution curves towards smaller particle size, while the opposite effects of further increase of SPI was obtained. The emulsions stabilized by SPI showed shear-thinning flow behavior, which changed to thixotropic at 5 % of SPI concentration. The presence of XG in emulsions at low concentrations did not affect the size distribution of the droplets, while at 0.1 % of XG Sauter mean diameter value raised and distribution curves were shifted towards a higher particle size. The presence of XG at higher concentration resulted in thixotropic flow behavior of emulsions. Also, increase in XG concentration led to the increase in consistency index and extent of non-Newtonian behavior of emulsions and enhanced the influence of the elastic modulus and creaming stability of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Krstonošić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nikolić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Milutinov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Ćirin
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Igartúa DE, Dichano MC, Ferrari SB, Palazolo GG, Cabezas DM. Combination of pH-shifting, ultrasound, and heat treatments to enhance solubility and emulsifying stability of rice protein isolate. Food Chem 2024; 433:137319. [PMID: 37683482 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice protein isolates (RPI) are promising plant-protein sources but present low solubility and poor surface activity in neutral conditions. Improving these characteristics is a crucial challenge to capitalize on them. This is the first work performing pH-shifting, ultrasound, and heat treatments on a commercial RPI. The combined approaches increased the protein solubility (from ∼2.7% to ∼91.8%) and surface hydrophobicity (up to ∼283%) and induced the formation of less compact and more dispersed protein aggregates. The pH-shifting induced the unfolding of protein molecules and aggregates making them available for modification by both ultrasound and heating, which are supposed to induce further protein unfolding, exposure of buried hydrophobic amino acid, and protein hydrolysis. Also, the combined approaches generated modified RPI able to form oil-in-water emulsions with reduced particle size and enhanced stability than the untreated RPI. Therefore, this work presents an effective combined approach to enhance the techno-functional properties of rice proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Igartúa
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Celeste Dichano
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia B Ferrari
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo G Palazolo
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario M Cabezas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang Y, Li S, Kong L, Tan L. Developing biopolymer-stabilized emulsions for improved stability and bioaccessibility of lutein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129202. [PMID: 38184046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Lutein is essential for infant visual and cognitive development but has low stability and solubility. This study aimed to enhance the stability and bioaccessibility of lutein using oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with biopolymers. Commercially available octenylsuccinylated (OS) starches, including capsule TA® (CTA), HI-CAP®100 (HC), and Purity Gum® 2000 (PG), along with gum Arabic (GA) variants Ticaloid acacia Max® (TAM), TICAmulsion® 3020 (TM), and pre-hydrate gum Arabic (PHGA), were chosen as emulsifiers. By screening the effect of biopolymer concentration and oil volume fraction (Φ), emulsions stabilized with CTA, HC, or TM at 20% and 30% (w/v) concentration and 70% Φ exhibited a gel-like structure and were selected for further assessments. After a week at 25 °C, emulsions stabilized by CTA and HC showed no significant change in droplet size, while TM emulsion exhibited a 1.58-fold increase. At 45 °C, all emulsions exhibited increase in droplet size. Lutein retention is higher in CTA emulsions at both storage temperatures than free lutein. In vitro bioaccessibility of all lutein emulsions was higher than that of free lutein. These findings highlight the superior stability and bioaccessibility of the lutein emulsion stabilized by OS starch, positioning it as a promising carrier to broaden lutein applications in infant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Songnan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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Zhang T, Wang Q, Yang Y, Hou L, Zheng W, Wu Z, Wang Z. Revealing the contradiction between DLVO/XDLVO theory and membrane fouling propensity for oil-in-water emulsion separation. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133594. [PMID: 38290334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Oil fouling is the crucial issue for the separation of oil-in-water emulsion by membrane technology. The latest research found that the membrane fouling rate was opposite to the widely used theoretical prediction by Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) or extended DLVO (XDLVO) theory. To interpret the contradiction, the molecular dynamics was adopted to explore the molecular behavior of oil and emulsifier (Tween 80) at membrane interface with the assistance of DLVO/XDLVO theory and membrane fouling models. The decreased flux attenuation and fitting of fouling models proved that the existence of Tween 80 effectively alleviated membrane fouling. Conversely, DLVO/XDLVO theory predicted that the membrane fouling should be exacerbated with the increase of Tween 80 concentration in O/W emulsion. This contradiction originated from the different interaction energy between oil/Tween 80 molecules and polyether sulfone (PES) membrane. The favorable free energy of Tween 80 was resulted from the sulfuryl groups in PES and hydrogen bonds (O-H…O) formation further strengthened the interaction. Therefore, Tween 80 could preferentially adsorb on membrane surface and form an isolation layer by demulsification and steric hindrance and resist the aggregation of oil, which effectively alleviated membrane fouling. This study provided a new insight in the interpretation of interaction in O/W emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- China South-to-North Water Diversion Corporation Limited, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Linxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenjia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Joyce MJ, McDermott ST, Umaiya K, Adamson DH. Polyphenol modification of graphene-stabilized emulsions to form electrically conductive polymer spheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:327-337. [PMID: 37717433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Polyphenols, specifically tannic acid, should increase the hydrophilicity of graphene when added during the interfacial exfoliation through π-π stacking. Following Bancroft's rule, increasing the hydrophilicity of graphene will result in a phase inversion of water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by graphene. Polymerization of the oil phase will then lead to graphene-coated spheres rather than graphene-stabilized polyHIPEs. EXPERIMENTS Optical particle sizing, microscopy, contact angle, and electrical conductivity measurements were performed to determine the mechanism of sphere formation in graphene-stabilized emulsions modified with tannic acid. Studies focused on the effect of graphite flake size, graphite concentration, tannic acid concentration, and oil phase composition. Particle sizing and scanning electron microscopy examined the spheres' size, shape, and surface morphology. Contact angle measurements gave insight into the change in graphene surface energy. Conductivity studies examined the graphene shell surrounding the spheres. FINDINGS Adding tannic acid to graphene-stabilized emulsions induced a phase change from water-in-oil to oil-in-water. Contact angle measurements confirmed greater hydrophilicity of graphene in the presence of tannic acid. However, very high tannic acid concentrations led to a decrease in the stability of the emulsion. Varying the graphite flake size and concentration resulted in morphology and conductivity changes. Dilution of the monomer phase produced hollow microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Joyce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sean T McDermott
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Khandaker Umaiya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Douglas H Adamson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Johannesson J, Pathare MM, Johansson M, Bergström CAS, Teleki A. Synergistic stabilization of emulsion gel by nanoparticles and surfactant enables 3D printing of lipid-rich solid oral dosage forms. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1253-1264. [PMID: 37478742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical formulation of oral dosage forms is continuously challenged by the low solubility of new drug candidates. Pickering emulsions, emulsions stabilized with solid particles, are a promising alternative to surfactants for developing long-term stable emulsions that can be tailored for controlled release of lipophilic drugs. In this work, a non-emulsifying lipid-based formulation (LBF) loaded with fenofibrate was formulated into an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion synergistically stabilized by stearic acid and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. The emulsion had a droplet size of 341 nm with SiO2 particles partially covering the oil-water interface. In vitro lipid digestion was faster for the emulsion compared to the corresponding LBF due to the larger total surface area available for digestion. Cellulose biopolymers were added to the emulsion to produce a gel for semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing into tablets. The emulsion gel showed suitable rheological attributes for SSE, with a trend of higher viscosity, yield stress, and storage modulus (G'), compared to a conventional self-emulsifying lipid-based emulsion gel. The developed emulsion gel allows for a non-emulsifying LBF to be transformed into solid dosage forms for rapid lipid digestion and drug release of a poorly water-soluble drug in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Johannesson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malhar Manik Pathare
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Johansson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandra Teleki
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Nguyen MT, Shin JA, Lee KT. Oxidation stability of oil-in-water emulsion prepared from perilla seed oil and soy sauce with high salt concentration using OSA-starch. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1883-1891. [PMID: 37781065 PMCID: PMC10541380 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The O/W emulsions were prepared using perilla seed oil (PSO) dispersed in soy sauce (PSE) and in distilled water (PWE), respectively. Octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch (OSA starch, 3 wt%) showed the most efficient emulsifying ability and its stabilities of emulsion and oxidation in PSE and PWE were studied at different storage periods (0, 4, and 8 weeks) and temperatures (4, 25, and 40 °C). Negligible change in droplet diameter of PSE was observed without coalescence or flocculation during storing for 8 weeks at 4 °C. The stabilizing ability of OSA-starch despite the high ionic strength of soy sauce is attributed to the starch backbone, which promotes steric repulsions between droplets. A lower oxidation degree was observed for PSE prepared than PWE and PSO under all storage conditions. Thus, the O/W emulsion prepared from PSO and soy sauce can be applied to the production of ω-3 fatty acid-enriched Asian-style emulsified products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh-Thang Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Shin
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do 25457 South Korea
| | - Ki-Teak Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
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10
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Chen J, He J, Zhao Z, Li X, Tang J, Liu Q, Wang H. Effect of heat treatment on the physical stability, interfacial composition and protein-lipid co-oxidation of whey protein isolate-stabilised O/W emulsions. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113126. [PMID: 37689891 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the effects of heat treatments at different temperatures (60, 70 and 90 °C, expressed as HT-60, HT-70 and HT-90) on interfacial composition and protein-lipid co-oxidation in whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilised O/W emulsions during storage. Compared with control group, all heated emulsions exhibited weaker physical stability over 10 days of storage, which verified by the increased droplet size, as well as decreased adsorbed protein levels and absolute ζ-potential values. Moreover, proteins recovered from the HT-90 emulsion showed the highest fluorescence intensity and red-shift of the maximum emission wavelength, indicating partial unfolding of the protein structure. Meanwhile, severe changes in protein structure were also observed in the HT-70 and HT-90 emulsions, which clearly verified by the degradation of bovine serum albumin, α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin. Furthermore, HT-70 and HT-90 emulsions showed lower levels of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. In contrast, the recovered proteins were subject to severe oxidative stress as indicated by carbonyl and N'-formyl-L-kynurenine. Hierarchical cluster and correlation analysis implied that the process of protein-lipid co-oxidation is inevitable, but it can be retarded by heat treatment. Our results clearly revealed the relevance among heat treatment, interfacial adsorption property, and the protein-lipid co-oxidation of O/W emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Junjie He
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xin Li
- Sharable Platform of Large-Scale Instruments & Equipments, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jie Tang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Jayakumar J, Ballon A, Pallarès J, Vernet A, de Lamo-Castellví S, Güell C, Ferrando M. Lesser mealworm (A. diaperinus) protein as a replacement for dairy proteins in the production of O/W emulsions: Droplet coalescence studies using microfluidics under controlled conditions. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113100. [PMID: 37689864 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Dairy proteins are commonly used to stabilize oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, which can be replaced by other sustainable sources of proteins, such as insects. This study investigated the potential of lesser mealworm protein concentrate (LMPC) as a sustainable alternative to whey protein isolate (WPI) in stabilizing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions using microfluidics. The frequency of coalescence (Fcoal) was calculated using images of emulsion droplets obtained near the inlet and outlet of the coalescence channel. The stability of O/W emulsions, produced using sunflower oil (SFO) or hexadecane and stabilized with varying concentrations of LMPC and WPI (0.02% to 0.0005% w/v), was compared under controlled conditions. The dispersed phase fraction (5.3%-14.3% v/v), protein adsorption time onto oil droplets (0.0398-0.158 s), and pH (pH = 3 and pH = 7) were also studied. Fcoal was greatest (0.42 s-1) when the protein concentration was lowest (0.0005%), the oil percentage was highest (14.3%), the adsorption period was shortest (0.0398 s), and the pH was 3. Droplet diameters did not vary significantly, with values between 55 and 118 μm, across protein concentrations or adsorption periods, but a rise in oil fraction resulted in a substantial increase in droplet diameters. Increases in protein content, adsorption duration, and oil percentage all resulted in increased stability (reduction of Fcoal). While LMPC and WPI showed similar results in microfluidic experiments and other test conditions, further research is needed to verify LMPC's efficacy as a replacement for WPI in food emulsification. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that LMPC has potential as a substitute for WPI in this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh Jayakumar
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aurélie Ballon
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anton Vernet
- Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sílvia de Lamo-Castellví
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carme Güell
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ferrando
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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12
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Hong J, Kim MJ, Oh WY, Lee J. Evaluation of deodorization techniques using cyclodextrins on the headspace volatiles and antioxidant properties of onion. Food Chem 2023; 410:135416. [PMID: 36652801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulphur-containing volatiles in onion produce unpleasant odors and this limit their usage in foods. To expand its application, several additives including α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and chitosan were added to onion solution and evaluated for their effect on sulphur-containing volatiles. Also, antioxidant property using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and oxidative stabilities in an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion were carried out. The total volatile contents were decreased in the order of α-CD (50.1%), β-CD (49.3%), HP-β-CD (46.2%), and chitosan (7%). Meanwhile, HP-β-CD showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability followed by β-CD, α-CD, and chitosan with decreasing order. The β-CD significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of the O/W emulsion, whereas α-CD and β-HP-CD showed prooxidative behavior. Overall, β-CD might be used as a sulphur-containing volatile decreasing agent, which could keep the antioxidant properties of onion in the O/W emulsion.
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13
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Li B, Qi B, Guo Z, Wang D, Jiao T. Recent developments in the application of membrane separation technology and its challenges in oil-water separation: A review. Chemosphere 2023; 327:138528. [PMID: 36990363 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the development and production process of domestic and foreign oil fields, large amounts of oil-bearing wastewater with complex compositions containing toxic and harmful pollutants are generated. These oil-bearing wastewaters will cause serious environmental pollution if they are not effectively treated before discharge. Among these wastewaters, the oily sewage produced in the process of oilfield exploitation has the largest content of oil-water emulsion. In order to solve the problem of oil-water separation of oily sewage, the paper summarizes the research of many scholars in many aspects, such as the use of physical and chemical methods such as air flotation and flocculation, or the use of mechanical methods such as centrifuges and oil booms for sewage treatment. Comprehensive analysis shows that among these oil-water separation methods, membrane separation technology has higher separation efficiency in the separation of general oil-water emulsions than other methods and also exhibits a better separation effect for stable emulsions, which has a broader application prospect for future developments. To present the characteristics of different types of membranes more intuitively, this paper describes the applicable conditions and characteristics of various types of membranes in detail, summarizes the shortcomings of existing membrane separation technologies, and offers prospects for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfan Li
- School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Bo Qi
- School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- China Suntien Green Energy Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Tifeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
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14
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Mao X, Wang F, Lu B, Tang T, Liu Q, Zeng H. Novel polymer nanoparticles with core-shell structure for breaking asphaltenes-stabilized W/O and O/W emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:296-308. [PMID: 36863185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The removal of stable water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions has been a challenging issue in chemical and oil industry for decades. Traditional demulsifiers were generally designed specifically for treating either W/O or O/W emulsions. A demulsifier that is effective for treating both types of emulsions will be highly desired. EXPERIMENTS Novel polymer nanoparticles (PBM@PDM) was synthesized as a demulsifier for treating both W/O and O/W emulsions prepared by toluene, water, and asphaltenes. The morphology and chemical composition of synthesized PBM@PDM were characterized. Demulsification performance and interaction mechanisms including interfacial tension, interfacial pressure, surface charge properties and surface forces were systematically studied. FINDINGS PBM@PDM could immediately prompt the coalescence of water droplets upon addition and effectively release the water in asphaltenes-stabilized W/O emulsion. In addition, PBM@PDM successfully destabilized asphaltenes-stabilized O/W emulsion. Not only could PBM@PDM substitute the asphaltenes adsorbed at the water-toluene interface, but they could also dominate the water-toluene interfacial pressure in competition with asphaltenes. The steric repulsion between interfacial asphaltene films could be suppressed in the presence of PBM@PDM. Surface charges significantly influenced the stability of asphaltenes-stabilized O/W emulsion. This work provides useful insights into the interaction mechanisms of asphaltene-stabilized W/O and O/W emulsions.
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15
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Salimi F, Imanparast S. Characterization of Probiotic Pichia sp. DU2-Derived Exopolysaccharide with Oil-in-Water Emulsifying and Anti-biofilm Activities. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3345-3365. [PMID: 36585548 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic-derived exopolysaccharides are considered as promising sources of carbohydrate with extensive applications in many industries. In the current study, yeast strains were isolated from chicken ingluvies and gizzard samples. According to molecular identification, EPS-producing yeast (Pichia sp. DU2) showed the most similarity to Pichia cactophila (99.67%). Pichia sp. DU2 showed probiotic properties. EPS of Pichia sp. DU2 showed emulsifying activity. The formed emulsions showed 53% (colza oil) and 100% (p-xylene) stability after 24 h. These emulsions were oil-in-water and have stability in the presence of NaCl, KCl, and also acidic and basic conditions. Also, the EPS showed anti-biofilm (29.7-47.6% and 19.06-55.26% against B. cereus and Y. enterocolitica, respectively) and flocculating activities (31.4%). FT-IR showed the presence of various functional groups in EPS structure. Also, its heteropolysaccharide nature was revealed in 1H-NMR and HPLC analysis. This emulsifying EPS showed significant thermal stability and negative zeta potential, which make it a promising carbohydrate for various industries. Finally, according to the predicted model, the maximal EPS production was achieved at reaction time 36 h, pH 6, yeast extract concentration 1.0%, and sucrose concentration 5%. Pichia sp. DU2 with probiotic properties and producing EPS with emulsifying, anti-biofilm, and flocculating activities can be considered as promising yeast strain in various industries like food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Somaye Imanparast
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Liu Y, Ilić T, Pantelic I, Savić S, Lunter DJ. Topically applied lipid-containing emulsions based on PEGylated emulsifiers: Formulation, characterization, and evaluation of their impact on skin properties ex vivo and in vivo. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122202. [PMID: 36122613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PEGylated emulsifiers have been largely used in topical formulations for skin research. They have been a continuous study focus in our group as well. According to our previous studies, severe interruptions of the skin barrier were observed with certain types of emulsifiers. To restore the skin barrier function and counteract the effects of emulsifiers, we considered topically delivering lipids into the lipid matrix of the SC. Herein, PEG-20 cetyl ether (C20) -based oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were developed owing to the stronger interactions of C20 with skin. The lipids containing ceramides (Cers), palmitic acids (PA), and cholesterol with different ratios and combinations were merged into the base emulsion. PEG-40 stearyl ether (S40)-based emulsion was used as a reference as S40 showed negligible impact on SC lipids. The evaluations were conducted ex vivo with confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) regarding the SC lipid, SC thickness, and skin penetration properties. In parallel, the in vivo irritation studies were also implemented including the transepidermal-water-loss (TEWL), skin hydration, and erythema index. The results indicated less SC lipid extraction of topically delivered lipids on ex vivo porcine skin with the addition and ratio of incorporated Cers influencing the extent of formulations counteracting the skin interruption by C20. The ex vivo penetration study showed a similar trend in drug penetration depths. In regards to the in vivo studies, TEWL was demonstrated to be suitable for differentiating the impact on skin barrier properties. The in vivo observations were generally correlated with the ex vivo results. The exact findings in this research can lead us to a better selection of applied lipid components and compositions. Future research will elucidate which type of Cer was predominantly extracted by C20, advancing future formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pantelic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dominique Jasmin Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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17
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Li X, Han L, Huang Z, Li Z, Li F, Duan H, Huang L, Jia Q, Zhang H, Zhang S. A robust air superhydrophilic/superoleophobic diatomite porous ceramic for high-performance continuous separation of oil-in-water emulsion. Chemosphere 2022; 303:134756. [PMID: 35533935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) porous architecture has attracted considerable attention in remediation of oil/water emulsion. In present work, an air superhydrophilic/superoleophobic diatomite porous ceramic (AS-DC) was prepared, using SiO2 whiskers modified diatomite ceramic as the substrate and FS-50 as the modifier. The interconnected SiO2 whiskers intertwined on the skeleton of ceramic block forming a 3D network structure, which not only improved the wettability of AS-DC, but also reinforced its mechanical property (about 2.5 MPa of compressive strength). The as-prepared AS-DC with intrinsically superoleophobicity (154°) and superhydrophilicity (0°) exhibited an underwater oil contact angle of 161°, suggesting a multifunctional separation capability. By simply assembling AS-DC with pipes and a pump, it could not only separate the surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion in a permeation flux as high as 107.8 kg min-1 m-2 with a selectivity of >95%, but also collect the clean water from the floating oil/water mixture in a flux of 197.4 kg min-1 m-2 and a selectivity of ∼99%. In addition, the AS-DC was resistant to the salt/acid/alkaline corrosion and temperature fluctuation. The mechanical/chemical firmness of AS-DC renders it tremendous potential as a robust 3D architecture in real application for purification of oil/water mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Lei Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Faliang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Hongjuan Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Liang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Quanli Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China.
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
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18
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Xie X, Yan J, Wu Q, Wang T, Chu F, Yang S. Rapid and efficient oil removal from O/W emulsions by hydrophobic porous polystyrene microspheres embedded with hydrophilic surface micro-regions. J Hazard Mater 2022; 434:128898. [PMID: 35460994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by Namib Desert beetle's back which is patterned with different wetting properties, hydrophobic porous polystyrene microspheres embedded with hydrophilic surface micro-regions (HPHs) were designed and fabricated by the radical copolymerization in the W1/O/W2 double Pickering emulsions with high internal water phase. The synergistic effect of the hydrophobic surface and the hydrophilic surface micro-regions results in HPHs exhibiting superior performances for separating both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized O/W emulsions. After 60 s hand-shaking, the oil was absorbed and stored within HPHs which could be separated from the water using a 600-mesh sieve, and the TOC values of purified water could be reduced to 2.06 ± 0.06-67.38 ± 2.02 ppm when the initial oil content was 1 vol%. Meanwhile, HPHs could be recovered and reused through a simple treatment. The excellent oil removal efficiency was kept even after 50 cycles. High oil removal efficiency, general applicability, easy operation and excellent recyclability endow HPHs with great potential for practical applications. And this work provides a facile and general way to prepare porous polymer microspheres with wettability contrast surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingfan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fumin Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Sen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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19
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Chen M, Heijman SGJ, Luiten-Olieman MWJ, Rietveld LC. Oil-in-water emulsion separation: Fouling of alumina membranes with and without a silicon carbide deposition in constant flux filtration mode. Water Res 2022; 216:118267. [PMID: 35306459 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic membranes have drawn increasing attention in oily wastewater treatment as an alternative to their traditional polymeric counterparts, yet persistent membrane fouling is still one of the largest challenges. Particularly, little is known about ceramic membrane fouling by oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions in constant flux filtration modes. In this study, the effects of emulsion chemistry (surfactant concentration, pH, salinity and Ca2+) and operation parameters (permeate flux and filtration time) were comparatively evaluated for alumina and silicon carbide (SiC) deposited ceramic membranes, with different physicochemical surface properties. The original membranes were made of 100% alumina, while the same membranes were also deposited with a SiC layer to change the surface charge and hydrophilicity. The SiC-deposited membrane showed a lower reversible and irreversible fouling when permeate flux was below 110 L m-2 h-1. In addition, it exhibited a higher permeance recovery after physical and chemical cleaning, as compared to the alumina membranes. Increasing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration in the feed decreased the fouling of both membranes, but to a higher extent in the alumina membranes. The fouling of both membranes could be reduced with increasing the pH of the emulsion due to the enhanced electrostatic repulsion between oil droplets and membrane surface. Because of the screening of surface charge in a high salinity solution (100 mM NaCl), only a small difference in irreversible fouling was observed for alumina and SiC-deposited membranes under these conditions. The presence of Ca2+ in the emulsion led to high irreversible fouling of both membranes, because of the compression of diffusion double layer and the interactions between Ca2+ and SDS. The low fouling tendency and/or high cleaning efficiency of the SiC-deposited membranes indicated their potential for oily wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Chen
- Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastiaan G J Heijman
- Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke W J Luiten-Olieman
- Inorganic Membranes, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk C Rietveld
- Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
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20
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Silva EK, Anthero AGDS, Emerick LB, Zabot GL, Hubinger MD, Meireles MAA. Low-frequency ultrasound-assisted esterification of Bixa orellana L. seed starch with octenyl succinic anhydride. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:1-8. [PMID: 35196570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the ultrasound intensity (0, 5, 10, and 20 W/cm2) on the esterification of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seed starch with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) employing a short processing time (5 min) to produce a novel emulsifier. OSA-esterified annatto seed starches were examined according to their degree of substitution (DS), amylose content, granule size distribution, microstructure, and X-ray diffractogram. Also, the performance of the OSA-modified annatto seed starch to stabilize colloidal systems was compared to commercial samples of OSA-modified starches. For this, annatto seed oil-in-water emulsions were produced and characterized according to their droplet size distribution, microstructure, and kinetic stability. Increasing ultrasound intensity from 5 W/cm2 to 20 W/cm2, DS values reached up to 0.139 ± 0.031. Likewise, these treatments yielded approximately 1.24-1.36 times more amylose content than the sample without ultrasound application. Most of the starch granules presented smooth surfaces without visible fissures. The higher ultrasound intensity hindered the aggregation of starch granules, thus forming well-defined elliptical particles. On the other hand, the increase of the ultrasound intensity did not change Brouckere mean diameter of the starch granules. No significant qualitative differences were seen in the X-ray diffractograms in terms of diffraction angle and peak intensity, indicating that the main functional characteristics of starches were not altered with ultrasound treatment. Furthermore, modified annatto starch was able to stabilize annatto seed oil-in-water emulsions. When compared to two commercial modified starches, OSA-esterified annatto starch produced a colloidal system with a larger Sauter mean diameter (14 ± 2 μm). However, the emulsion stabilized with modified annatto starch was more kinetically stable during the storage time in comparison to those stabilized with commercial starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Keven Silva
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Gabriela da S Anthero
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Emerick
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Sete de Setembro St., 1040, Cachoeira do Sul, RS, 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Miriam D Hubinger
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela A Meireles
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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21
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Chen J, Cao C, Yuan D, Xia X, Liu Q, Kong B. Impact of different ionic strengths on protein-lipid co-oxidation in whey protein isolate-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. Food Chem 2022; 385:132700. [PMID: 35305436 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein-lipid co-oxidation of whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with different ionic strengths (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM) during storage were investigated. The results proved that changes in levels of adsorbed proteins induced by different ionic strengths could obviously affect the occurrence of protein-lipid co-oxidation. The level of oxidative stress was higher in adsorbed proteins extracted from control sample than in those extracted from emulsions with 300 or 400 mM ionic strengths. This was indicated by higher levels of N'-formyl-l-kynurenine (NFK) and carbonyl, lower fluorescence intensity and more serious unfolding of protein structure. Moreover, control sample showed the highest oxidative stability, which was indicated by lower levels of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products. These findings clearly illustrated that altered levels of adsorbed proteins induced by different ionic strengths play a crucial role in affecting protein-lipid co-oxidation in O/W emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Chuanai Cao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Dongxue Yuan
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Green Food Science & Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, China.
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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22
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Abstract
The use of emulsion as adjuvants is widely used in veterinary vaccines. Emulsion adjuvants are inexpensive, stable, and relatively easy to prepare into vaccine formulations. Here we describe the preparation of oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant that has been shown to enhance immune responses and protect against diseases in pigs. This emulsion adjuvant and its variations could potentially be used alone or in combination with other adjuvants in veterinary vaccine formulations.
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23
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Foo ML, Ooi CW, Tan KW, Chew IML. Preparation of black cumin seed oil Pickering nanoemulsion with enhanced stability and antioxidant potential using nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132108. [PMID: 34509022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The groundbreaking innovation and industrialization are ushering in a new era where technology development is integrated with the sustainability of materials. Over the decade, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) obtained from lignocellulosic biomass had created a great value in various aspects. The abundantly available empty fruit bunch (EFB) in the palm oil industry has motivated us to utilize it as a sustainable alternative for the isolation of NCC, which is a worthwhile opportunity to the waste management of EFB. Taking advantage of the shape anisotropy and amphiphilic character, NCC has been demonstrated as a natural stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsion. In this work, preparation of highly stable Pickering nanoemulsion using black cumin seed oil and NCC was attempted. Black cumin seed oil is a class of plant oil with various nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits. However, its poor solubility could substantially lower the therapeutic effect, and thus, requires a delivery system to overcome this limitation. The role of NCC in the formation of stable Pickering nanoemulsion was investigated. The emulsification process was found crucial to the resulting droplet size, whereas NCC contributed critically to its stabilization. The droplet size obtained from ultrasonication and microfluidization was approximately 400 nm, as examined using transmission electron microscopy. The droplet (oil-to-water = 2:8) has long-term stability against creaming and coalescence for more than six months. The nanoemulsion stabilized by NCC could allow a better absorption by the human body, thereby maximizing the potential of black cumin seed oil in the personal care and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Foo
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wei Tan
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Irene M L Chew
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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24
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Li G, Zhu F. Physicochemical, rheological, and emulsification properties of nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) modified quinoa starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1371-1378. [PMID: 34757132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) modification could be an alternative to octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modification of starch to obtain a range of physicochemical and rheological properties and for emulsification applications. A series of NSA-modified quinoa starches in granular form with different degrees of substitution (DS) (0.0080, 0.0175, 0.0359, and 0.0548) were prepared. The NSA modifications reduced the gelatinization temperatures and frequency dependence of storage modulus (G'), while increasing the peak viscosity, gel hardness, and G'. The NSA-modified quinoa starches with medium DS were the most effective in stabilising Pickering emulsions. The droplet size of Pickering emulsions decreased first with increasing DS before increasing at the highest DS. Modified starch with a DS of 0.0359 had the highest emulsifying capacity. Apart from the commonly used octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modification, the NSA-modified starches could be potential candidates as efficient Pickering emulsion stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guantian Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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25
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Ye J, Hua X, Zhang W, Zhao W, Yang R. Emulsifying capacity of peanut polysaccharide: Improving interfacial property through the co-dissolution of protein during extraction. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118614. [PMID: 34561012 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The co-dissolution of residual protein from byproduct (PPSI) was employed to improve the interfacial property of peanut polysaccharide (PPS). Protein content in the PPSI and PPS were 16.89% and 2.58%, respectively. The convent bonding and intermolecular interaction maintained the complex structure in PPSI. More protein promoted the shift from linear chain conformation to spherical particle, weakened surface charge, induced stronger intermolecular attraction and wettability, which facilitated interfacial adsorption of PPSI. Concomitantly, the linear chain after adsorbing the O/W interface was observed in PPSI-polystyrene, promoting the cross-linking between adsorption layers and thereby forming the elastic interfacial film. Consequently, the emulsion borne smaller size. Subsequently, the particles in continuous phase moved to the adsorption layer via intermolecular interaction and then formed a gel, enhancing stability against oil coalescence, the thermal and refrigerated treatments. Additionally, the acidified (pH 3.0) PPSI further strengthened the emulsion structure and improved its creaming and freeze-thaw stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
| | - Xiao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
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26
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Kim C, Jo S, Kim S, Kim MJ, Lee J. Distribution of aldehydes compared to other oxidation parameters in oil matrices during autoxidation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1195-1203. [PMID: 34603819 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distribution of aldehydes between headspace (HS) and inner matrix (IM) of bulk oil or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion was determined and contents of aldehydes were compared with other oxidation parameters in soybean oil or O/W emulsion during 50 °C autoxidation. Bulk oil matrix had higher portion of IM aldehydes than O/W emulsion. HS aldehydes in O/W emulsion reflected aldehyde content better than in bulk oil. Moisture content in soybean oil increased distinctively before the generation of oxidation products including hydroperoxides and volatiles. HS aldehydes and other oxidation parameters were simultaneously increased in soybean oil. In case of O/W emulsion, HS aldehydes had a sudden increase point while lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated did not show such increase during autoxidation. HS aldehydes reflected oxidation stage better in O/W emulsion than in bulk oil based on partition distribution and linear changes during autoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChanHyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeen Jo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - SungHwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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27
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Park YH, Kim HJ. Formulation and stability of horse oil-in-water emulsion by HLB system. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:931-938. [PMID: 34395024 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal condition was determined to prepare horse oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion stabilized by different HLB system. Span 60 and Tween 60 were used to achieve the predetermined HLB values ranging from 10 to 14 and the surfactant concentrations were adjusted to 10-20%. Fifteen formulated O/W emulsions were characterized by mean particle diameter, zeta-potential (ZP), polydispersity index, and encapsulation efficiency (EE, %). Mean particle diameter decreased with increasing HLB value and surfactant concentration. Particles of the emulsion with HLB 12 and surfactant concentration at 15% were distributed in the size of below 500 nm. The particle diameter and EE (%) of the emulsion with HLB 11 or 12 and surfactant concentration at 15 or 20% were not significantly changed during storage at 40 °C for 15 days. These results suggest the characteristics of horse oil O/W emulsion are dependent on HLB values and surfactant concentration so that affect to emulsion properties during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hyung Park
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243 Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 63243 Korea
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28
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Li L, Zhao X, Xu X. Trace the difference driven by unfolding-refolding pathway of myofibrillar protein: Emphasizing the changes on structural and emulsion properties. Food Chem 2021; 367:130688. [PMID: 34365246 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The effective strategy of pH-shifting to improve the emulsifying properties of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) extracted from pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like chicken was investigated. To determine the mechanism of improvement, changes on structural and physicochemical properties were clarified by tracing the difference driven by unfolding-refolding process. According to the results of tryptophan fluorescence intensity and circular dichroism spectroscopy, it is found that unfolding-refolding process markedly changed MPs secondary and tertiary structure. The atomic force microscopy images showed MPs appeared to have fibrous-like appearance at pH 7.0, however, exhibited as spherical shape after pH-shifting. Both emulsifying activity index and emulsifying stability index increased after pH-shifting. These results systematically illustrated the changes on structural and emulsion properties of MPs during unfolding-refolding process. It proved that the strategy pH 11.0-7.0 could more effectively promote MPs emulsifying properties, whose mechanism was simultaneously the transformation in MPs structure and potentially formation of highly-soluble particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xinglian Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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29
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Yu H, Byun Y, Chang PS. Lipase-catalyzed two-step esterification for solvent-free production of mixed lauric acid esters with antibacterial and antioxidative activities. Food Chem 2021; 366:130650. [PMID: 34330030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lauric acid esters (MLE) with antibacterial and antioxidative activities were produced through lipase-catalyzed two-step esterification in solvent-free system without purification. In the first reaction, erythorbyl laurate was synthesized for 72 h. Successive reaction for 6 h at molar ratio of 1.0 (lauric acid to glycerol) produced MLE containing erythorbyl laurate and glyceryl laurate with small amounts of residual substrates, by converting 99.52% of lauric acid. MLE addition (0.5-2.0%, w/w) to Tween 20-stabilized emulsions decreased droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential, possibly enhancing the emulsion stability. In the emulsions, MLE at 0.5 and 2.0% (w/w) caused 4.4-4.6 and 5.9-6.1 log reductions of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), respectively, within 12 h. Lipid hydroperoxide concentrations decreased to 50.8-98.3% in the presence of 0.5-2.0% (w/w) MLE. These findings support a novel approach without needing purification to produce multi-functional food additives for emulsion foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjong Yu
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Byun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Li S, Chen H, Cheng W, Yang K, Cai L, He L, Du L, Liu Y, Liu A, Zeng Z, Li C. Impact of arabinoxylan on characteristics, stability and lipid oxidation of oil-in-water emulsions: Arabinoxylan from wheat bran, corn bran, rice bran, and rye bran. Food Chem 2021; 358:129813. [PMID: 33940286 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of arabinoxylan (AX) on the physical and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions, AX from wheat bran, corn bran, rice bran, or rye bran was incorporated into the production of whey protein isolate-stabilised emulsions. Decreased interfacial charge and increased mean particle diameters were recorded in all fresh emulsions with 0.1%-0.5% AX, as recorded by the ζ-potential and particle size measurement, indicating the adsorption of AX onto the oil droplets. No phase separation was observed in all emulsions with ≤0.3% AX after 14-day storage in dark. Spectrophotometric analysis demonstrated that all AX lowered the peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentration in emulsions, with AX from rice bran being slightly more effective. Consequently, AX has the potential to be used as a natural interfacial antioxidant in emulsions, and the antioxidant capacity of AX varies with its source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Lisha Cai
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Linfeng He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Lei Du
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan 625014, China.
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31
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Bu X, Wang X, Dai L, Ji N, Xiong L, Sun Q. The combination of starch nanoparticles and Tween 80 results in enhanced emulsion stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2048-59. [PMID: 32961176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) and Tween 80 (TW) on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. The emulsions prepared under different SNPs/TW ratios and different oil fraction values were characterized by means of photography, optical microscopy, laser particle size analysis, rheological measurement, quartz crystal microbalance analysis, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. At an oil fraction value of 0.4, the emulsions with a 3: 1 ratio of SNPs (1.5%, w/v) to TW (0.5%, w/v) exhibited excellent storage stability over a long period of 30 d, which was significantly better than the 2% TW stabilized emulsion and the 2% SNPs stabilized emulsion. Compared with the SNPs stable emulsions, the presence of TW decreased the emulsion droplets size, which was beneficial to reduce the aggregation of droplets. Emulsions co-stabilized by SNPs and TW can maintain good performance under harsh conditions. The results of quartz crystal microbalance analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed non-covalent interactions between SNPs and TW. The results showed that SNPs and TW co-existed at the oil-water interface and improved the performance of the emulsion.
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32
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Padial-Domínguez M, Espejo-Carpio FJ, García-Moreno PJ, Jacobsen C, Guadix EM. Protein derived emulsifiers with antioxidant activity for stabilization of omega-3 emulsions. Food Chem 2020; 329:127148. [PMID: 32485647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) for producing physically and chemically stable omega-3 emulsions was compared to hydrolysates obtained from other sustainable protein sources such as soy (SPH) and blue whiting (BPH). The oxidative stability of hydrolysate-stabilized emulsions was greatly influenced by their physical stability. Emulsion stabilized with BPH suffered a constant increase in droplet size and BPH was not able to prevent omega-3 oxidation, showing high concentration of volatiles. The peroxide value of SPH emulsion increased after the first day of storage, but it had a lower concentration of volatiles. In contrast, WPH-stabilized emulsion, which did not had any change in droplet size during storage, showed the highest oxidative stability. Therefore, our results confirmed that WPH is an interesting option for physical and oxidative stabilization of omega-3 emulsions, while SPH could be used in emulsions with shorter storage time such as pre-emulsions for microencapsulation of omega-3 oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emilia M Guadix
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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33
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Daoud S, Bou-Maroun E, Waschatko G, Cayot P. Lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions: Iron complexation by buffer ions and transfer on the interface as a possible mechanism. Food Chem 2020; 342:128273. [PMID: 33158679 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation is the main hurdle for omega-3 fatty acid enrichment in food and beverages. Fat oxidation reduces the quality and safety of supplemented products. A tuna oil-in-water emulsion (20%v/v) was exposed to iron-induced oxidation. Emulsions with changing emulsifiers and buffers were analyzed under different storage conditions (argon purging, pH variation) using Conjugated Dienes and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays. The results showed that free iron ions cannot interact with oxygen. However, buffers (Citrate and phosphate) chelate iron ions (Fe (II)). Depending on the pH value and the type of buffer-Fe (II) complex, its prooxidant activity and spatial distribution are influenced. The complex charge defines the interactions with the oil-water interface, i.e., positively charged interfaces repel positively charged complexes which keeps the prooxidant away. The mechanistic understanding of this work will help formulators and product developers to choose the right buffer and emulsifier combination for oxidation sensitive emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Daoud
- Unité mixte "Procédés alimentaires et microbiologiques", Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Elias Bou-Maroun
- Unité mixte "Procédés alimentaires et microbiologiques", Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gustav Waschatko
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe BVBA, Havenstraat 84, B-1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Philippe Cayot
- Unité mixte "Procédés alimentaires et microbiologiques", Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France
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34
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Cheng YJ, Huang CY, Ho HM, Huang MH. Morphology and protein adsorption of aluminum phosphate and aluminum hydroxide and their potential catalytic function in the synthesis of polymeric emulsifiers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020; 608:125564. [PMID: 32929307 PMCID: PMC7481801 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum gel structure was associated with adsorption and catalytic ability. Crystalline Al(OH)3 is a suitable adjuvant for antigen adsorption. Amorphous AlPO4 is an efficient catalyst for polymeric emulsifier synthesis.
Aluminum-containing salts are commonly used as antacids and vaccine adjuvants; however, key features of functional activities remain unclear. Here, we characterized vaccine formulations based on aluminum phosphate and aluminum hydroxide and investigated the respective modes of action linking physicochemical properties and catalytic ability. TEM microscopy indicated that aluminum phosphate gel solutions are amorphous, whereas aluminum hydroxide gel solutions have a crystalline structure consistent with boehmite. At very low BSA concentrations, 100 % adsorption of the protein on aluminum hydroxide could be achieved. As the protein concentration increased, the amount of adsorbed BSA decreased as fewer vacant sites were available on the surface of the adjuvants. Notably, less than 20 % adsorption was observed in aluminum phosphate. The protein adsorption profiles should confront the requirements for vaccine immunoavailability. In terms of catalytic ability, the prepared aluminum salts were tested for their ability to drive the amphiphilic engineering of oligo(lactic acid) (OLA) onto methoxy poly(ethylene glycol). It was concluded that aluminum hydroxide, rather than aluminum phosphate, is suitable to be a vaccine adjuvant according to the morphology and antigen adsorption efficiency results; on the other hand, aluminum phosphate may be a more efficient catalyst for the synthesis of polymeric emulsifiers than aluminum hydroxide. The results provide critical mechanistic insight into aluminum-containing salts in vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jhen Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Ho
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35053 Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 40227 Taichung, Taiwan
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35
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Janik-Hazuka M, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Kamiński K, Odrobińska J, Zapotoczny S. Uptake and in vitro anticancer activity of oleic acid delivered in nanocapsules stabilized by amphiphilic derivatives of hyaluronic acid and chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2000-2009. [PMID: 32781133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The nanoemulsion-based delivery systems have gained particular attention due to effective encapsulation and protection of hydrophobic active compounds. However, several features like limited stability, cellular uptake or release of payloads still need to be addressed. We investigated the uptake of the nanocapsules based on the amphiphilic derivative of hyaluronate with oleic acid cores (oil-in-water nanoemulsion) and their anticancer activity in vitro. The core-shell nanocapsules exhibiting long term stability in dispersion showed an enhanced uptake by cancer cells and effectively killed them only if composed of hyaluronate-based shells and oleic acid cores - the anionic chitosan-based shells and/or corn oil cores were used for control experiments. We concluded that the nanocapsules stabilized by the amphiphilic derivative of hyaluronic acid may serve as very stable and efficient delivery systems for oil-soluble compounds without necessity of application of low molecular weight (co)surfactants. The in vitro studies indicated anticancer activity of such delivered oleic acid and crucial role of hyaluronate shell of the nanocapsules in its efficient delivery and enzyme-triggered disintegration inside cells. Corn oil was shown as a nutrient that can serve as an inert vehicle in the studied nanoemulsion that exhibit application potential in food, dietary supplement industry and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Odrobińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Matsubara H, Umezaki T, Funatsu T, Tanaka H, Ikeda N, Aratono M. Thinning and thickening transitions of foam film induced by 2D liquid-solid phase transitions in surfactant-alkane mixed adsorbed films. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 282:102206. [PMID: 32707348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mixed adsorbed film of cationic surfactant and linear alkane at the air-water interface shows two-dimensional phase transition from surface liquid to surface frozen states upon cooling. This surface phase transition is accompanying with the compression of electrical double layer due to the enhancement of counterion adsorption onto the adsorbed surfactant cation and therefore induces the thinning of the foam film at fixed disjoining pressures. However, by increasing the disjoining pressure, surfactant ions desorb from the surface to reduce the electric repulsion between the adsorbed films on the both sides of the foam film. As a result, the foam film stabilized by the surfactant-alkane mixed adsorbed films showed unique thickening transition on the disjoining pressure isotherm due to the back reaction to the surface liquid films. In this review, we will summarize all these features based on the previously published papers and newly obtained results.
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Anwar SH, Hasni D, Rohaya S, Antasari M, Winarti C. The role of breadfruit OSA starch and surfactant in stabilizing high-oil-load emulsions using high-pressure homogenization and low-frequency ultrasonication. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04341. [PMID: 32671258 PMCID: PMC7339058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of modified breadfruit starch in the presence of Tween 80 for stabilizing the oil-in-water emulsions. An ultra turrax homogenizer was used to produce coarse emulsions, followed by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) or low-frequency ultrasonication (LFU) for fine emulsions. The breadfruit starch was chemically modified using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) to produce modified breadfruit OSA starch (BOSA). The dispersed phase was a mixture of palm and lemon oil in a 9:1 ratio. Two BOSA (1% and 2%), three oil concentrations (10%, 25%, and 40%) and Tween 80 (1% of the total amount of oil) were examined based on the emulsion stability. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that starch modification was successful (Degree of Substitution-DS, 0.0241). The most stable coarse emulsions contained 40% oil and 2% BOSA starch. The same formula produced fine emulsions that remained stable for over 42 days, regardless of the homogenization method. BOSA starch and Tween 80 exhibit a mixed stabilization effect on the oil-in-water emulsions. HPH produced more uniformly sized emulsion droplets when compared with those produced using LFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Haryani Anwar
- Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Dian Hasni
- Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Syarifah Rohaya
- Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Miranda Antasari
- Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Christina Winarti
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development-IAARD, Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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Zou H, Zhao N, Li S, Sun S, Dong X, Yu C. Physicochemical and emulsifying properties of mussel water-soluble proteins as affected by lecithin concentration. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:180-189. [PMID: 32599247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of lecithin addition at different concentrations (0-2.0%) on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of mussel water-soluble proteins (MWP) were investigated. In solution system, low lecithin concentration (0.5%-1.0%) induced the aggregation and increased turbidity of composite particles. Lecithin addition caused changes in secondary structure and induced partial unfolding of MWP. Hydrophobic interactions between MWP and lecithin may contribute to the exposure of chromophores and hydrophobic groups of MWP. The interfacial tension decreased with lecithin addition. However, at a high lecithin concentration (1.5%-2.0%), the degree of aggregation and state of unfolding alleviated due to competitive adsorption. In emulsion system, with the low concentration of lecithin addition (0.5%-1.0%), droplet size and surface charge of emulsion decreased. The emulsion activity index, emulsion stability index, percentage of adsorbed protein increased. Both creaming stability and viscoelastic properties improved. At an intermediate lecithin concentration (1.0%), the emulsion showed the highest physical stability, while further addition of lecithin caused a slight deterioration in emulsifying properties. Overall, these results indicated the possibility that the lecithin-MWP mixed emulsifiers can be used to obtain emulsions with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zou
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Sihui Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Cuiping Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Huerta RR, Silva EK, El-Bialy T, Saldaña MDA. Clove essential oil emulsion-filled cellulose nanofiber hydrogel produced by high-intensity ultrasound technology for tissue engineering applications. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 64:104845. [PMID: 32178883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) was used to produce emulsion-filled cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hydrogel using clove essential oil (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 wt%) as dispersed phase towards tissue engineering applications. The novel encapsulating systems obtained using HIUS specific energy at the levels of 0.10, 0.17, and 0.24 kJ/g were characterized by oil entrapment efficiency, microstructure, water retention value, color parameters, and viscoelastic properties. Freeze-dried emulsion-filled CNF hydrogels were characterized by porosity and swelling capacity. In addition, human gingival fibroblast cell cytocompatibility tests were performed to evaluate their potential applications as tissue engineering scaffold. The clove essential oil content strongly affected the oil entrapment efficiency, water retention value, color difference and whiteness of the prepared emulsion-filled CNF hydrogel. And, the HIUS energy only affected the yellowness of the emulsion-filled CNF hydrogel. Via HIUS processing, the CNF hydrogel successfully acted as a continuous phase in the emulsion-filled gel system with maximum oil entrapment efficiency of 34% when 0.5 wt% clove essential oil was added to the system. The encapsulating systems had predominantly gel-like property with maximum elastic modulus of 411 Pa. Furthermore, the emulsion-filled CNF hydrogels with the addition of clove essential oil up to 0.5 wt% indicated good cell viability rates (74-101%) to human gingival fibroblast cells. The newly developed clove essential oil emulsion-filled CNF hydrogel shows desirable cytocompatibility characteristics and can be considered as an alternative scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Razzera Huerta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Eric Keven Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Tarek El-Bialy
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Marleny D A Saldaña
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Zhang T, Kong FX, Li XC, Liu Q, Chen JF, Guo CM. Comparison of the performance of prepared pristine and TiO 2 coated UF/NF membranes for two types of oil-in-water emulsion separation. Chemosphere 2020; 244:125386. [PMID: 32050321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) and polypiperazine-amide nanofiltration (NF) membranes were first fabricated by phase inversion and interfacial polymerization, and then modified by the commonly used TiO2 on the membrane surface, respectively. Compared with the pristine UF and NF membranes, pure water flux decreased by 40.66% for modified UF membrane and 12.92% for modified NF membrane, while the contact angle of the modified membranes decreased from 66.5° to 35.3° for UF membrane and from 48.2° to37.7° for NF membrane. However, the membrane modified by TiO2 nanoparticles for both UF and NF membranes exhibited much better anti-fouling and separation performance for two types of oil-in-water emulsions with different droplet size (i.e., prepared oil-in-water emulsion with low salinity and oil produced water in Shengli oilfield, China). It was obvious that water flux of modified UF only slightly decreased and the stable water flux was 2.2 times and 15.6% higher than that of pristine membranes for the prepared oil-in-water emulsion and produced water, respectively. According to the five fouling models for UF, the TiO2 modified UF membrane could alleviate the fouling on membrane surface and greatly increase water flux by reducing the adsorption, deposition, blockage of membrane pores and formation of cake layer for two types of oil-in-water emulsion. For NF, water flux of the modified membrane increased by 66.1% and 22.8% for prepared oil-in-water emulsion and produced water, respectively. TiO2 coating effectively alleviated the oil adhesion and cake layer formation on the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xian, 710070, China
| | - Fan-Xin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Xi-Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jin-Fu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chun-Mei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
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41
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Jensen BB, Glover ZJ, Pedersen SMM, Andersen U, Duelund L, Brewer JR. Label free noninvasive spatially resolved NaCl concentration measurements using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy applied to butter. Food Chem 2019; 297:124881. [PMID: 31253314 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imaging the microstructure of opaque composite foodstuffs and extracting quantitative chemical information about specific localized components is challenging. Herein, a method has been developed to determine spatially resolved concentrations of aqueous salt and applied to measure salt concentrations of water droplets in butter samples. This was done using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy which achieves non-invasive label free imaging based on visualization of specific chemical-bond vibrations. The concentration of salt in the dispersed water droplets in butter was determined based on the relative change in intensity of the CARS-signal at two distinct wavenumbers, which have been shown to be dependent on the inter-molecular coupling of water molecules and salt. The results provide the size and salt concentration distribution of the droplets in the samples. It is further shown that the average salt concentration in the whole sample can correctly be inferred from the concentration measured within the water droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Zachary J Glover
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Ulf Andersen
- Arla R&D, Arla Innovation Centre, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Duelund
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jonathan R Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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42
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Villafaña-López L, Clavijo Rivera E, Liu S, Couallier E, Frappart M. Shear-enhanced membrane filtration of model and real microalgae extracts for lipids recovery in biorefinery context. Bioresour Technol 2019; 288:121539. [PMID: 31152954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the hydrodynamic effects of rotating disk filtration (with maximum shear rates of 16,000 s-1 and 66,000 s-1) were evaluated and compared with the crossflow filtration (16,000 s-1) in the recovery of lipids from a model solution that simulates the characteristics of Parachlorella kessleri aqueous extracts. Four polymeric membranes were tested. The PAN 500 kDa membrane along with the rotating disk filtration presented the best performances for lipid concentration and coalescence. The rotating disk filtration was tested with real microalgae extracts, confirming the total lipid retention and the limited membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Villafaña-López
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France; CIATEC A.C., Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Col. Industrial Delta, 37545 León, Gto., Mexico
| | - Erika Clavijo Rivera
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
| | - Shuli Liu
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France; ADEME, 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Estelle Couallier
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France.
| | - Matthieu Frappart
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
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Koo CKW, Chung C, Fu JTR, Sher A, Rousset P, McClements DJ. Impact of sodium caseinate, soy lecithin and carrageenan on functionality of oil-in-water emulsions. Food Res Int 2019; 123:779-789. [PMID: 31285028 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-water emulsions are the main component of creamers, which are used to cream cold or hot coffee. These emulsions must provide the required lightening power and remain physically stable when introduced into hot acidic coffee solutions. In this study, model oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with mixed emulsifiers of sodium caseinate (0.5%) and soy lecithin (0.5%) were fabricated and their physical properties were examined over a range of pH values (pH 3.5 to 7). These model oil-in-water emulsions had strong lightening power (L* ≈ 87) and good physical stability from pH 5.5 to 7 but were unstable to gravitational separation below pH 5 due to caseinate aggregation around its isoelectric point. Addition of λ-carrageenan (0.05 to 0.175%) to the formulations prior to homogenization effectively improved their pH stability, while addition of κ-carrageenan was ineffective. The significantly higher level of sulfated ester groups in λ-carrageenan may have created a strong electrostatic repulsion between the oil particles, inhibiting their association. Our study suggests that some of the caseinate in coffee creamers can be replaced with plant-based lecithins, but that a plant-based polysaccharide is also needed to ensure their stability when added to hot acidic coffees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine K W Koo
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Cheryl Chung
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jun-Tse Ray Fu
- Nestlé Development Center Marysville, 809 Collins Av, Marysville, OH 43040, USA
| | - Alexander Sher
- Nestlé Development Center Marysville, 809 Collins Av, Marysville, OH 43040, USA
| | - Philippe Rousset
- Nestlé Development Center Marysville, 809 Collins Av, Marysville, OH 43040, USA
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Masoud H. Novel adjuvants derived from attenuated lipopolysaccharides and lipid As of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria. Vaccine 2019; 37:3472-3477. [PMID: 31097350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are substances that enhance adaptive immune response to antigen. Development of a safe and effective immunostimulant adjuvant is essential for the efficacy of a vaccine to protect against infectious pathogens. Purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria exhibited nontoxic natural lipid A variants that are distinct in their chemical structures from that of the Escherichia coli-type lipid A. In this study, the adjuvant efficacy of attenuated lipid A variants and their corresponding lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), derived from purple photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodocyclus tenuis and Rhodobacter sphaeroides) were evaluated. LPS was extracted using modified phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether method and lipid A was separated by mild acid hydrolysis. Trinitrophenol (TNP) was conjugated to hen egg albumin (TNP-HEA) and used as haptenic antigen. The LPS and lipid A adjuvant candidates were formulated in oil-in-water emulsion (OIWE) and evaluated to elicit anti-TNP IgG against TNP-HEA conjugate in BALB/c female mice. The anti-TNP IgG titers were measured using ELISA. The intact LPS-based adjuvants present in OIWE formulation showed significantly higher efficacy to elicit anti-TNP IgG titers against TNP-HEA conjugate compared to their corresponding lipid A-based adjuvants. As expected, the OIWE formulations of all LPS- and lipid A-based adjuvant candidates showed higher activities compared to the aqueous formulations. Slow reduction in the levels of anti-TNP IgG antibodies in the serum was observed over 4 months after immunization using the LPS- and lipid A-based adjuvant candidates which may provide a long protection against pathogens. The attenuated LPSs and lipid A's from the photosynthetic bacteria showed promising results to develop novel safe and effective adjuvants that can evoke the immune response. The most promising adjuvant candidate was the LPS-based adjuvant from R. tenuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Masoud
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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45
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Kim J, Choe E. Interaction effect of tocopherol homologs with peppermint extract on the iron-catalyzed oxidation of soybean oil-in-water emulsion. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1679-85. [PMID: 31807340 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between tocopherol homologs and peppermint extract added to oil-in-water emulsions was studied during iron-catalyzed oxidation. Emulsions consisted of tocopherol-stripped soybean oil and citrate buffer (4:6, w/w) with/without addition of peppermint extract (400 mg/kg) and α-, γ-, or δ-tocopherol (600 mg/kg), and were oxidized in the iron presence at 25 °C. Lipid oxidation of emulsions was evaluated based on hydroperoxide contents and p-anisidine values. Lipid oxidative stability of emulsions was improved by added peppermint extract, and co-added γ- and δ-tocopherols further reduced lipid oxidation, however, α-tocopherol increased it. Tocopherol contents did not change during oxidation. Polyphenol degradation in the emulsion with added peppermint extract was lower and slower by γ- and δ-tocopherols, however, α-tocopherol showed opposite results. The results suggest that co-addition of tocopherols to the emulsion containing peppermint extract shift a major role of polyphenols as antioxidants from scavenging lipid (peroxy) radicals to tocopherol radical scavenging.
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Zhao D, Yu D, Kim M, Gu MY, Kim SM, Pan CH, Kim GH, Chung D. Effects of temperature, light, and pH on the stability of fucoxanthin in an oil-in-water emulsion. Food Chem 2019; 291:87-93. [PMID: 31006475 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of temperature, light, and pH on the stability of fucoxanthin in an oil-in-water emulsion were investigated with analyzing the kinetics and thermodynamics of fucoxanthin degradation. In the absence of light and air at pH 4.6, increasing the temperature from 25 to 60 °C significantly promoted fucoxanthin degradation. Total and all-trans fucoxanthin demonstrated an energetically unfavorable, non-spontaneous degradation with an Arrhenius temperature dependence. Increasing the light intensity up to 2000 lx at 25 °C and pH 4.6 caused a sharp degradation of total, all-trans, 13-cis, and 13'-cis fucoxanthin, but promoted the formation of the 9'-cis isomer. In the absence of light and air at 25 °C, decreasing the pH to 1.2 caused significant fucoxanthin degradation, whereas increasing the pH to 7.4 retarded the degradation. The property with the greatest influence on fucoxanthin stability was pH, followed by temperature and then light. Total and all-trans fucoxanthin followed first-order degradation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeung Yu
- Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Moojoong Kim
- Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Yao Gu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 51801, China
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwa Chung
- Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Food Technology Major, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Agi A, Junin R, Alqatta AYM, Gbadamosi A, Yahya A, Abbas A. Ultrasonic assisted ultrafiltration process for emulsification of oil field produced water treatment. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 51:214-222. [PMID: 30401623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration has been proven to be very effective in the treatment of oil-in-water emulsions, since no chemical additives are required. However, ultrafiltration has its limitations, the main limits are concentration polarization resulting to permeate flux decline with time. Adsorption, accumulation of oil and particles on the membrane surface which causes fouling of the membrane. Studies have shown that the ultrasonic is effective in cleaning of fouled membrane and enhancing membrane filtration performance. But the effectiveness also, depends on the selection of appropriate membrane material, membrane geometry, ultrasonic module design, operational and processing condition. In this study, a hollow and flat-sheet polyurethane (PU) membranes synthesized with different additives and solvent were used and their performance evaluated with oil-in-water emulsion. The steady-state permeate flux and the rejection of oil in percentage (%) at two different modes were determined. A dry/wet spinning technique was used to fabricate the flat-sheet and hollow fibre membrane (HFMs) using Polyethersulfone (PES) polymer base, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) additive and N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent. Ultrasonic assisted cross-flow ultrafiltration module was built to avoid loss of ultrasonic to the surrounding. The polyurethane (PU) was synthesized by polymerization and sulphonation to have an anionic group (-OH; -COOH; and -SO3H) on the membrane surface. Changes in morphological properties of the membrane had a significant effect on the permeate flow rate and oil removal. Generation of cavitation and Brownian motion by the ultrasonic were the dominant mechanisms responsible for ultrafiltration by cracking the cake layers and reducing concentration polarization at the membrane surface. The percentage of oil after ultrafiltration process with ultrasonic is about 90% compared to 49% without ultrasonic. Ultrasonic is effective in enhancing the membrane permeate flux and controlling membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Agi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Radzuan Junin
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Institute for Oil and Gas, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Amr Yahya Mohd Alqatta
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Afeez Gbadamosi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Asma Yahya
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Azza Abbas
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Cai Q, Zhu Z, Chen B, Zhang B. Oil-in-water emulsion breaking marine bacteria for demulsifying oily wastewater. Water Res 2019; 149:292-301. [PMID: 30465987 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oily wastewater is a large waste stream produced by a number of industries. This wastewater often forms stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. These emulsions require demulsification in order to effectively treat the water prior to release. Although biological demulsification of O/W emulsion has advantages over traditional approaches, its development is at a preliminary stage with few demulsifying bacteria reported and a need for effective screening methods for such bacteria. In this study, thirty-seven marine O/W emulsion demulsifying bacterial strains belonging to 5 genera and 15 species were reported. Cell hydrophobicity and interfacial activity played key roles in the emulsion breaking. One of the highly effective demulsifying bacteria, Halomonas venusta strain N3-2A was identified and characterized. Both its extracellular biosurfactant and cell surface contributed to demulsification resulting in breaking of 92.5% of the emulsion within 24 h. A high throughput and effective screening strategy targeting O/W emulsion breaking bacteria using oil spreading test coupled with cell hydrophobicity test was proposed. In addition, the 37 demulsifying bacteria showed a certain degree of species/genus specific patterns of surface activity and cell hydrophobicity. The reported bacteria and the screening strategy have promising potential for the biological demulsification of O/W emulsions and oily wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhong Cai
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X5, Canada.
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Zhang J, Miao J, Han X, Lu Y, Deng B, Lv F, Zhao Y, Ding C, Hou J. Development of a novel oil-in-water emulsion and evaluation of its potential adjuvant function in a swine influenza vaccine in mice. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:415. [PMID: 30577861 PMCID: PMC6303909 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is the principal strategy for prevention and control of diseases, and adjuvant use is an effective strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy. Traditional mineral oil-based adjuvants have been reported with post-immunization reactions. Developing new adjuvant formulations with improved potency and safety will be of great value. Results In the study reported herein, a novel oil-in-water (O/W) Emulsion Adjuvant containing Squalane (termed EAS) was developed, characterized and investigated for swine influenza virus immunization. The data show that EAS is a homogeneous nanoemulsion with small particle size (~ 105 nm), low viscosity (2.04 ± 0.24 cP at 20 °C), excellent stability (at least 24 months at 4 °C) and low toxicity. EAS-adjuvanted H3N2 swine influenza vaccine was administrated in mice subcutaneously to assess the adjuvant potency of EAS. The results demonstrated that in mice EAS-adjuvanted vaccine induced significantly higher titers of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and IgG antibodies than water-in-oil (W/O) vaccines or antigen alone, respectively, at day 42 post vaccination (dpv) (P < 0.05). EAS-adjuvanted vaccine elicited significantly stronger IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies and higher concentrations of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) cytokines compared to the W/O vaccine or antigen alone. Mice immunized with EAS-adjuvanted influenza vaccine conferred potent protection after homologous challenge. Conclusion The O/W emulsion EAS developed in the present work induced potent humoral and cellular immune responses against inactivated swine influenza virus, conferred effective protection after homologous virus challenge and showed low toxicity in mice, indicating that EAS is as good as the commercial adjuvant MF59. The superiority of EAS to the conventional W/O formulation in adjuvant activity, safety and stability will make it a potential veterinary adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yu Lu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Bihua Deng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fang Lv
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jibo Hou
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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Kovács I, Veréb G, Kertész S, Hodúr C, László Z. Fouling mitigation and cleanability of TiO 2 photocatalyst-modified PVDF membranes during ultrafiltration of model oily wastewater with different salt contents. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:34912-34921. [PMID: 29288296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, TiO2-coated ultrafiltration membranes were prepared and used for oily water filtration (droplet size < 2 μm). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different salt contents on fouling and filtration properties of neat and TiO2-coated membranes during oil-in-water emulsion filtration. The effect of the TiO2 coating on the flux, surface free energy, and retention values was measured and compared with the neat membrane values. The cleanability of the fouled TiO2-coated membranes by UV irradiation was also investigated by measuring flux recovery and contact angles, and the chemical changes during cleaning were characterized by ATR-IR. It was found that increasing the salt content of the model wastewaters, oil-in-water emulsions, increased the zeta potential and the size of the droplets. The presence of the TiO2 coating decreases the membrane fouling during oily emulsion filtration compared to the neat membrane, due to the hydrophilicity of the coating regardless of the salt content of the emulsions. The neat and coated membrane oil retention was similar, 96 ± 2%. The coated membrane can be effectively cleaned with UV irradiation without additional chemicals and a significant flux recovery can be achieved. Monitoring of the cleaning process by following the membrane surface wettability and ATR-IR measurements showed that the recovery of flux does not mean the total elimination of the oil layer from the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Kovács
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai krt. 9, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veréb
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai krt. 9, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kertész
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai krt. 9, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Cecilia Hodúr
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai krt. 9, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna László
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai krt. 9, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
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