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Kaur M, Sharma A, Bhatnagar P. Vertebrate response to microplastics, nanoplastics and co-exposed contaminants: Assessing accumulation, toxicity, behaviour, physiology, and molecular changes. Toxicol Lett 2024; 396:48-69. [PMID: 38677566 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Pollution from microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) has gained significant public attention and has become a serious environmental problem worldwide. This review critically investigates MPs/NPs' ability to pass through biological barriers in vertebrate models and accumulate in various organs, including the brain. After accumulation, these particles can alter individuals' behaviour and exhibit toxic effects by inducing oxidative stress or eliciting an inflammatory response. One major concern is the possibility of transgenerational harm, in which toxic consequences are displayed in offspring who are not directly exposed to MPs/NPs. Due to their large and marked surface hydrophobicity, these particles can easily absorb and concentrate various environmental pollutants, which may increase their toxicity to individuals and subsequent generations. This review systematically provides an analysis of recent studies related to the toxic effects of MPs/NPs, highlighting the intricate interplay between co-contaminants in vitro and in vivo. We further delve into mechanisms of MPs/NPs-induced toxicity and provide an overview of potential therapeutic approaches to lessen the negative effects of these MPs/NPs. The review also emphasizes the urgency of future studies to examine the long-term effects of chronic exposure to MPs/NPs and their size- and type-specific hazardous dynamics, and devising approaches to safeguard the affected organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjyot Kaur
- Department of Zoology, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anju Sharma
- Department of Zoology, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pradeep Bhatnagar
- Department of Zoology, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Wang D, Wang J, Wu Y, Liu C, Huang Y, Chen Y, Ding Z, Guan Y, Wu Q. Amelioration of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury via Attenuating Oxidative Damage and Modulating Inflammation by Means of Ursodeoxycholic Acid-Zein Nanoparticles. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:17080-17096. [PMID: 38104279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been broadly adopted for the clinical treatment of hepatic and biliary diseases; however, its poor water-solubility becomes an obstacle in wide applications. To overcome these challenges, herein, a two-tier UDCA-embedded system of zein nanoparticles (NPs) along with a polyelectrolyte complex was designed under facile conditions. Both the UDCA-zein NPs and their inclusion microcapsules showed a spherical shape with a uniform size. A typical wall plus capsule/core structure was formed in which UDCA-zein NPs distributed evenly in the interior. The UDCA inclusion microcapsules had an encapsulation rate of 67% and were released in a non-Fickian or anomalous transport manner. The bioavailability and efficacy of UDCA-zein NPs were assessed in vivo through the alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mouse model via intragastric administration. UDCA-zein NPs ameliorated the symptoms of ALD mice remarkably, which were mainly exerted through attenuation of antioxidant stress levels. Meanwhile, it notably upregulated the intestinal tight junction protein expression and improved and maintained the integrity of the mucosal barrier effectively. Collectively, with the improvement of bioavailability, the UDCA-zein NPs prominently alleviated the oxidative damage induced by alcohol, modulating the inflammation so as to restore ALD. It is anticipated that UDCA-zein NPs have great therapeutic potential as sustained-nanovesicles in ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yingchao Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuzhe Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yixin Guan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingxi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
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Singh D, Khan MA, Akhtar K, Rehman S, Parveen S, Amin KMY, Siddique HR. Protective effects of a polyherbal medicine, Majoon Suranjan against bisphenol-A induced genetic, oxidative and tissue damages. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1057-1069. [PMID: 36120934 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a toxic chemical largely produced and used in polycarbonate plastics worldwide. Majoon Suranjan (MS), a polyherbal formulation, is used as an anti-inflammatory medicine against rheumatoid arthritis. The present study aimed to evaluate BPA-induced toxicity and its possible amelioration by MS. To test our hypothesis, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, DNA interaction studies, genotoxicity tests, oxidative stress parameters, and histopathological examinations. GC-MS profiling of MS revealed the presence of various anti-oxidant compounds. DNA interaction studies showed that both chemicals intercalate between DNA base pairs. Next, we observed BPA-induced genotoxicity and oxidative damage. The observed effects might be due to BPA-induced reactive oxygen species production. Further, BPA changed the anti-oxidant enzyme activities, increased the malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, and caused gross damage to the liver and kidney. Interestingly, these effects were significantly reversed by MS. In conclusion, MS shows protective effects against BPA-induced toxicity and could be a potential alternative medicine against BPA toxicity, especially in third-world countries where BPA uses are not strictly regulated.Highlights:Bisphenol-A (BPA) induces multiple toxic effects.BPA induces genotoxicity, oxidative and tissue damage.Majoon Suranjan (MS) ameliorates the BPA induced toxic effects.GC-MS profiling show various active anti-oxidant compounds in MS.MS is anti-genotoxic, anti-oxidant, and hepato-renal protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Afsar Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sumbul Rehman
- Department of Ilmul Advia, AK Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sabiha Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - K M Yusuf Amin
- Department of Ilmul Advia, AK Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Khan MA, Singh D, Fatma H, Akhtar K, Arjmand F, Maurya S, Siddique HR. Antiandrogen enzalutamide induced genetic, cellular, and hepatic damages: amelioration by triterpene Lupeol. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:380-391. [PMID: 35188013 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is commonly used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Enzalutamide is a next-generation androgen receptor inhibitor, initially approved to treat castration-resistance prostate cancer. Lupeol, a triterpene present in various fruits, vegetables, has anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the Enzalutamide-induced toxicity and its possible amelioration by Lupeol. We performed multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments to conclude our hypothesis. The results revealed that both Enzalutamide and Lupeol interact with DNA through electrostatic interactions. Enzalutamide (5-20 μM) caused cytotoxicity in both normal (PNT2) and cancer cells (LNCaP and 22Rv1). However, Lupeol (10-50 μM) specifically killed the cancer cells while sparing normal cells. The study further revealed that Lupeol could attenuate Enzalutamide-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation) to normal cells and potentially induce cytotoxicity to transformed cells. We further observed that Lupeol (40 mg/kg) mediated attenuation of the Enzalutamide (10 mg/kg) induced oxidative and DNA damages. Our study also revealed that Lupeol reverses the Enzalutamide-induced hepatic and renal damages. In conclusion, our study indicates that Lupeol can be used as an adjuvant for reducing the toxic effects and enhancing the effectiveness of Enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Deepti Singh
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Homa Fatma
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Farruk Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Santosh Maurya
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Wang W, Thomas R, Su DM. Are aged pTreg cells "the more the better"? Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9777-9778. [PMID: 36566022 PMCID: PMC9831728 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weikan Wang
- Current affiliation: Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Current affiliation: Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
| | - Dong-Ming Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Shah K, Patel K, Farkouh C, Pasupuleti ASN, Vattikuti B, Suresh V, Santiago N, Farkouh M. Giving Rest to the Restless Leg: A Case Report of How Self-Education Prepending Web-Based Interventions Can Ameliorate Restless Leg Syndrome. Cureus 2022; 14:e32805. [PMID: 36694514 PMCID: PMC9860005 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's leg sporadically. The pathogenesis of RLS, also known as Willis Ekborn disease, is not fully understood; however, scientists note a complex interplay between multiple neuronal pathway-related genes with endogenous and exogenous factors. We report a case of a previously healthy 27-year-old man complaining of a continuous urge to move his right leg, notably at night. Laboratory evaluation proved negative for secondary causes of RLS; hence the condition was labeled as "primary idiopathic." The patient was started on appropriate pharmacotherapy and was advised to self-educate regarding his ailment. The patient began internet-based self-education and displayed excellent improvements on the International Restless Leg Syndrome Scale (IRLS). Mental exercises, such as self-education using web-based intervention and pharmacotherapy, could alleviate factors in patients with primary idiopathic RLS. Further research is needed to clarify self-education's role in managing RLS.
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Ali A, Khatoon A, Almohaimeed HM, Al-Sarraj F, Albiheyri R, Alotibi I, Abidin ZU. Mitigative Potential of Novel <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> TISTR 2076 against the Aflatoxins-Associated Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Alterations in Liver and Kidney of Broiler Chicks during the Entire Growth Period. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100689. [PMID: 36287958 PMCID: PMC9610607 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are the secondary metabolites produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> and have severe pathological effects on the health of human and animals. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicopathological changes induced by aflatoxins and mitigative potential of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> in broiler birds. One hundred and eighty broiler chicks at one day of age was procured from the local market, and chicks were equally divided into six groups with thirty birds in each group. These birds were treated with aflatoxins (300 and 600 µg/kg) and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (1 × 10<sup>8</sup> cfu/kg of feed) in different combinations. The first group was kept as the control, and only a basal diet was provided to birds (BD). In the second group (AF1), the first level of aflatoxins (300 µg/kg) was fed to the birds. In the third group (AF2), the second level of aflatoxins (600 µg/kg) was fed to birds. In the fourth group (AF1LP), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was given with first level of aflatoxins. In the fifth group (AF2LP), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was given with the second level of aflatoxins, and in the 6th group (BDLP), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> alone was fed to the chicks. This experimental study was continued for 42 days. Birds were slaughtered after 42 days, and different parameters were assessed. Parameters studied were gain in body weight, organ weight along with some histopathological, hematological, biochemical parameters and residues of aflatoxins in liver and kidney. <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> improved the body weight gain and restored the relative organ weight. Hepatic and renal biomarkers returned to normal concentrations, serum proteins were restored in combination group AF1LP, and partial amelioration was observed in the AF2LP group. Red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin centration and packed cell volume became normalized in the AF1LP group, while partial amelioration was observed in the AF2LP group. LP also reduced the concentration of aflatoxin residues in liver kidney and improved the TAC concentrations. The results of this study elucidated the mitigative potential of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> against serum biochemical, histopathological, hematological and toxicopathological changes induced by aflatoxins in the chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiq Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Superior University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or (A.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or (A.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Hailah M. Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alotibi
- Health Information Technology Department, Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Veterinary Research Institute Lahore Cannt, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Al Murad M, Muneer S. Silicon Supplementation Modulates Physiochemical Characteristics to Balance and Ameliorate Salinity Stress in Mung Bean. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:810991. [PMID: 35665146 PMCID: PMC9158508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.810991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean is a low-cost high-protein legume that is sensitive to salinity. Salt stress has been demonstrated to be mitigated by silicon (Si). In legumes, the potential for silicon (Si)-mediated abiotic stress reduction has mainly been ignored. Moreover, there is little information on the specific role of comparable Si (sodium silicate) concentrations in salinity stress reduction. As a result, the current study investigated the impact of two distinct Si concentrations (1 and 5 mM) on the physiochemical features of the "mung bean," one of the most extensively cultivated legumes, when exposed to salinity (10, 20, and 50 mM NaCl). Salinity stress reduced growth variables such as biomass, nodule formation, plant length, height, and photosynthetic measures, which were mitigated by silicon supplementation at 5 mM sodium silicate. The inclusion of silicon increased the expression of photosynthetic proteins such as PSI, PSII, and LHCs under salt stress. Salinity stress also caused oxidative damage in the mung bean in the form of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2 -), leading in increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and electrolyte leakage. In contrast, 5 mM sodium silicate tends to scavenge free radicals, reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA) and electrolyte loss. This was linked to significant silica deposition in the leaf epidermis, which eventually functioned as a mechanical barrier in mitigating the deleterious effects of salt stress. Si supplementation also decreased Na+ uptake while increasing K+ uptake. Silicon, specifically 5 mM sodium silicate, was found to minimize salinity stress in mung bean by altering physio-chemical parameters such as photosynthetic machinery, Na+/K+ homeostasis, mechanical barriers, osmolyte production, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Al Murad
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Makhuvele R, Foubert K, Hermans N, Pieters L, Verschaeve L, Elgorashi E. Protective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2022; 89:e1-e6. [PMID: 35384682 PMCID: PMC8991193 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi. The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra (MLEMC) against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each. Five groups were administered orally for seven days with three different concentrations of MLEMC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), curcumin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (25% propylene glycol). The following day, these groups were administered 1 mg/kg b.w. of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The experiment was terminated three days after administration of AFB1. Group 6 represented untreated healthy control. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and liver histopathology were evaluated. Methanolic leaf extracts of M. caffra decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine in the sera of rats as compared with the AFB1 intoxicated group. Co-administration of MLEMC improved the histological characteristics of the hepatocytes in contrast to the AFB1 treated group, which had mild to severe hepatocellular injuries including bile duct proliferation, bile duct hyperplasia, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Extracts of M. caffra were beneficial in mitigating the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in rats by reducing the levels of liver enzymes and preventing hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhulani Makhuvele
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary research, Onderstepoort, South Africa; and, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort.
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Asif MJ, Javed MT, Rehman AU, Manzoor F, Riaz M, Javed MA, Zarnab S, Rasool G. Recovery of E. coli From Liver and Spleen of Broiler Birds and the Effects of Induced High Ammonia Level on Haematobiochemical Parameters and Its Amelioration by Different Modifiers. Dose Response 2022; 19:15593258211066693. [PMID: 34987342 PMCID: PMC8725013 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211066693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The poultry sector is one of the most vibrant segments of the agriculture industry of Pakistan. In addition to different infections, ammonia (NH3) production from litter material of broiler is the most harmful pollutant and causes serious threats for the environment. To overcome this problem, different methods are proposed assuring poultry bird’s health and production. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of toxic levels of NH3 on the haematology and serum proteins of broiler birds and its amelioration by using different modifiers. The recovery of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from liver and spleen of broiler birds was also carried out. A total of 100 birds were divided into 5 separate groups (groups A–D). The groups C, D and E were treated with potassium aluminium sulphate, aluminium silicate and Yucca schidigera plant extract, respectively. Blood and tissue samples were collected after slaughtering the birds at 42 days of age. This study revealed increased RBC, total leucocyte count, Hb and heterophils percentage. Serum proteins were decreased in Yucca-treated and potassium aluminium sulphate–treated groups. This study concluded that NH3 production was reduced by the application of different modifiers, and these modifiers also neutralized the changes in blood parameters induced by NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Asif
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)
| | - Farkhanda Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Javed
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaza Zarnab
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Wani SA, Khan LA, Basir SF. Quercetin and resveratrol ameliorate nickel-mediated hypercontraction in isolated Wistar rat aorta. J Smooth Muscle Res 2022; 58:89-105. [PMID: 36517014 PMCID: PMC9748311 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.58.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The ameliorative potential of quercetin and resveratrol on isolated endothelium-intact aortic rings incubated with nickel was examined. METHOD The effect of varying concentrations of quercetin and resveratrol was investigated on isolated Wistar rat aortic rings using an organ bath system over vasoconstrictor phenylephrine (PE) at 1 µM. To delineate the mechanism of action, isolated aortic rings were pre-incubated with pharmacological modulators, such as verapamil 1 µM, apocynin 100 µM, indomethacin 100 µM or N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 100 µM, separately, before incubation with 100 µM quercetin and 30 µM resveratrol. To assess the ameliorative and prophylactic potentials of quercetin and resveratrol, aortic rings were also incubated with quercetin or resveratrol for 40 min, followed by incubation with nickel for 40 min. RESULTS At 100 µM, quercetin caused 29% inhibition of contraction, while resveratrol at 30 µM caused 55% inhibition of contraction in aortic rings compared with control. Aortic rings incubated with contractile modulators, such as verapamil, apocynin, indomethacin or N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), along with quercetin or resveratrol at their concentrations producing maximum relaxant effect, showed that both of these natural compounds exert their relaxant effect by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from endothelial and smooth muscle cells, blocking voltage-gated calcium channels, and increasing the release of nitric oxide (NO). The mediation of hypercontraction by nickel is due to the increased ROS and the influx of calcium through voltage-dependent calcium channels. These natural compounds are shown to counter the nickel-induced effects, appearing as effective ameliorators. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that quercetin and resveratrol act as ameliorators of nickel-mediated hypercontraction by decreasing ROS and enhancing NO release from endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia,
New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Luqman Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia,
New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Seemi Farhat Basir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, Jamia Millia Islamia,
New Delhi 110025, India
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Kyritsi K, Kennedy L, Meadows V, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Pham L, Sybenga A, Kundu D, Cerritos K, Meng F, Alpini G, Francis H. Mast Cells Induce Ductular Reaction Mimicking Liver Injury in Mice Through Mast Cell-Derived Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Signaling. Hepatology 2021; 73:2397-2410. [PMID: 32761972 PMCID: PMC7864988 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following liver injury, mast cells (MCs) migrate into the liver and are activated in patients with cholestasis. Inhibition of MC mediators decreases ductular reaction (DR) and liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) contributes to fibrosis and promotes liver disease. Our aim was to demonstrate that reintroduction of MCs induces cholestatic injury through TGF-β1. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type, KitW-sh (MC-deficient), and multidrug resistance transporter 2/ABC transporter B family member 2 knockout mice lacking l-histidine decarboxylase were injected with vehicle or PKH26-tagged murine MCs pretreated with 0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor (TGF-βRi), LY2109761 (10 μM) 3 days before sacrifice. Hepatic damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and serum chemistry. Injected MCs were detected in liver, spleen, and lung by immunofluorescence (IF). DR was measured by cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) immunohistochemistry and F4/80 staining coupled with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-33, and F4/80; biliary senescence was evaluated by IF or qPCR for p16, p18, and p21. Fibrosis was evaluated by sirius red/fast green staining and IF for synaptophysin 9 (SYP-9), desmin, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). TGF-β1 secretion/expression was measured by enzyme immunoassay and qPCR. Angiogenesis was detected by IF for von Willebrand factor and vascular endothelial growth factor C qPCR. In vitro, MC-TGF-β1 expression/secretion were measured after TGF-βRi treatment; conditioned medium was collected. Cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were treated with MC-conditioned medium, and biliary proliferation/senescence was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and qPCR; HSC activation evaluated for α-SMA, SYP-9, and collagen type-1a expression. MC injection recapitulates cholestatic liver injury characterized by increased DR, fibrosis/TGF-β1 secretion, and angiogenesis. Injection of MC-TGF-βRi reversed these parameters. In vitro, MCs induce biliary proliferation/senescence and HSC activation that was reversed with MCs lacking TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that reintroduction of MCs mimics cholestatic liver injury and that MC-derived TGF-β1 may be a target in chronic cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Vik Meadows
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Texas A&M University-Central Texas
| | | | - Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | | | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Karla Cerritos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Research,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Research
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Modesti M, Szeto C, Ristic R, Jiang W, Culbert J, Bindon K, Catelli C, Mencarelli F, Tonutti P, Wilkinson K. Potential Mitigation of Smoke Taint in Wines by Post-Harvest Ozone Treatment of Grapes. Molecules 2021; 26:1798. [PMID: 33806831 PMCID: PMC8004780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When bushfires occur near grape growing regions, vineyards can be exposed to smoke, and depending on the timing and duration of grapevine smoke exposure, fruit can become tainted. Smoke-derived volatile compounds, including volatile phenols, can impart unpleasant smoky, ashy characters to wines made from smoke-affected grapes, leading to substantial revenue losses where wines are perceivably tainted. This study investigated the potential for post-harvest ozone treatment of smoke-affected grapes to mitigate the intensity of smoke taint in wine. Merlot grapevines were exposed to smoke at ~7 days post-veraison and at harvest grapes were treated with 1 or 3 ppm of gaseous ozone (for 24 or 12 h, respectively), prior to winemaking. The concentrations of smoke taint marker compounds (i.e., free and glycosylated volatile phenols) were measured in grapes and wines to determine to what extent ozonation could mitigate the effects of grapevine exposure to smoke. The 24 h 1 ppm ozone treatment not only gave significantly lower volatile phenol and volatile phenol glycoside concentrations but also diminished the sensory perception of smoke taint in wine. Post-harvest smoke and ozone treatment of grapes suggests that ozone works more effectively when smoke-derived volatile phenols are in their free (aglycone) form, rather than glycosylated forms. Nevertheless, the collective results demonstrate the efficacy of post-harvest ozone treatment as a strategy for mitigation of smoke taint in wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Modesti
- Life Sciences Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 5612 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Wine Science, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (C.S.); (R.R.); (K.W.)
| | - Colleen Szeto
- Department of Wine Science, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (C.S.); (R.R.); (K.W.)
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Renata Ristic
- Department of Wine Science, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (C.S.); (R.R.); (K.W.)
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - WenWen Jiang
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (W.J.); (J.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Julie Culbert
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (W.J.); (J.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Keren Bindon
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (W.J.); (J.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Cesare Catelli
- P.C. di Pompeo Catelli S.R.L., Via Roma 81, Uggiate Trevano, 22029 Como, Italy;
| | - Fabio Mencarelli
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pietro Tonutti
- Life Sciences Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 5612 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Kerry Wilkinson
- Department of Wine Science, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (C.S.); (R.R.); (K.W.)
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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14
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Mirabelli-Montan YA, Marangon M, Graça A, Mayr Marangon CM, Wilkinson KL. Techniques for Mitigating the Effects of Smoke Taint While Maintaining Quality in Wine Production: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061672. [PMID: 33802808 PMCID: PMC8002560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoke taint has become a prominent issue for the global wine industry as climate change continues to impact the length and extremity of fire seasons around the world. Although the issue has prompted a surge in research on the subject in recent years, no singular solution has yet been identified that is capable of maintaining the quality of wine made from smoke-affected grapes. In this review, we summarize the main research on smoke taint, the key discoveries, as well as the prevailing uncertainties. We also examine methods for mitigating smoke taint in the vineyard, in the winery, and post production. We assess the effectiveness of remediation methods (proposed and actual) based on available research. Our findings are in agreement with previous studies, suggesting that the most viable remedies for smoke taint are still the commercially available activated carbon fining and reverse osmosis treatments, but that the quality of the final treated wines is fundamentally dependent on the initial severity of the taint. In this review, suggestions for future studies are introduced for improving our understanding of methods that have thus far only been preliminarily investigated. We select regions that have already been subjected to severe wildfires, and therefore subjected to smoke taint (particularly Australia and California) as a case study to inform other wine-producing countries that will likely be impacted in the future and suggest specific data collection and policy implementation actions that should be taken, even in countries that have not yet been impacted by smoke taint. Ultimately, we streamline the available information on the topic of smoke taint, apply it to a global perspective that considers the various stakeholders involved, and provide a launching point for further research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ysadora A. Mirabelli-Montan
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (Y.A.M.-M.); (C.M.M.M.)
| | - Matteo Marangon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (Y.A.M.-M.); (C.M.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-2863
| | - Antonio Graça
- Sogrape Vinhos S.A., Aldeia Nova, 4430-809 Avintes, Portugal;
| | - Christine M. Mayr Marangon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (Y.A.M.-M.); (C.M.M.M.)
| | - Kerry L. Wilkinson
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia;
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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15
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Hall JPJ, Wright RCT, Guymer D, Harrison E, Brockhurst MA. Extremely fast amelioration of plasmid fitness costs by multiple functionally diverse pathways. Microbiology (Reading) 2020; 166:56-62. [PMID: 31613206 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of plasmids is often accompanied by fitness costs such that compensatory evolution is required to allow plasmid survival, but it is unclear whether compensatory evolution can be extensive or rapid enough to maintain plasmids when they are very costly. The mercury-resistance plasmid pQBR55 drastically reduced the growth of its host, Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, immediately after acquisition, causing a small colony phenotype. However, within 48 h of growth on agar plates we observed restoration of the ancestral large colony morphology, suggesting that compensatory mutations had occurred. Relative fitness of these evolved strains, in lab media and in soil microcosms, varied between replicates, indicating different mutational mechanisms. Using genome sequencing we identified that restoration was associated with chromosomal mutations in either a hypothetical DNA-binding protein PFLU4242, RNA polymerase or the GacA/S two-component system. Targeted deletions in PFLU4242, gacA or gacS recapitulated the ameliorated phenotype upon plasmid acquisition, indicating three distinct mutational pathways to compensation. Our data shows that plasmid compensatory evolution is fast enough to allow survival of a plasmid despite it imposing very high fitness costs upon its host, and indeed may regularly occur during the process of isolating and selecting individual plasmid-containing clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P J Hall
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Rosanna C T Wright
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Guymer
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ellie Harrison
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael A Brockhurst
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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16
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Mondal P, Chattopadhyay A. Environmental exposure of arsenic and fluoride and their combined toxicity: A recent update. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:552-566. [PMID: 31867774 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) in the recent year has been increased because of excessive use of naturally contaminated ground water. Surface water is also regularly contaminated with these elements in various industrial areas. Arsenicosis and fluorosis upon individual exposure of As and F are reported in many studies. A syndrome of endemic As poisoning and fluorosis occurs during concurrent exposure of As and F. Previous reports showed synergistic, antagonistic and independent effects of these two compounds, although few recent reports also revealed antagonistic effects after co-exposure. Interaction during intestinal absorption and influence of F on As metabolism might be the cause of antagonism. The synergism/antagonism is thought to depend on the dose and duration of the co-exposure. However, the detailed mechanism is still not fully understood and needs further studies. Removal technologies of As and F from contaminated water is available but removal of such contaminants from food is yet to be developed. Antioxidants are useful to mitigate the toxic effects of As and F. This review focused on the effect of co-exposure, amelioration as well as removal techniques of As and F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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17
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Yang SX, Li FM, Peng XZ, Cao JB, Gao ZX. [Effects of Amendments with Different C/N/P Ratios on Plant and Soil Properties of a Pb-Zn Mine Tailings]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:4253-4261. [PMID: 31854892 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201812190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A field trial was conducted with abandoned Pb-Zn mine tailings to evaluate the effectiveness of amendments with different C/N/P ratios on plant growth, soil nutrients and enzyme activities, and heavy metal concentrations in plant tissues and the mine tailings. The following results were noted. ①The application of amendments with different C/N/P ratios promoted plant growth and development. The vegetation cover and biomass increased from 2.0%-20.0% and 9.4-115 g·m-2 at 6 months to 62.5%-98.5% and 389-2358.3 g·m-2 at 30 months, respectively. ②When compared with the control tailings, the mean values of organic carbon, water organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the treatments with different C/N/P ratios increased 6.0%-93.3%, 1.3%-49.3%, 12.3%-214.7%, and 2.7%-81.3%, respectively. Similarly, the addition of amendments with different C/N/P ratios enhanced the soil enzyme activities of dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease, and phosphatase 0.3-2.8, 0.1-1.4, 0.1-0.6, and 0.1-0.5 times those in the tailings. ③The addition of amendments with different C/N/P ratios decreased the concentrations of diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA)-extracted Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the mine tailings and the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in plant tissues in different degrees. DTPA-Cd, DTPA-Cu, DTPA-Pb, and DTPA-Zn decreased 2.5%-40.2%, 1.4%-25.6%, 1.4%-15.2%, and 0.4%-24.9%, respectively, compared with the control tailings. ④Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that the vegetation cover and biomass were correlated positively with the soil nutrient elements and enzyme activities and negatively with DTPA-extractable metal concentrations. No correlations were observed between the plant metal concentrations and soil DTPA-extractable metal concentrations, nutrient elements, and enzyme activities. Generally, amendments with different C/N/P ratios aided phytostabilization of some types of mine tailings is the preferred option for full remediation of these mine wastelands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Resources and Environment in Qianbei of Guizhou Province, College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Feng-Mei Li
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Xi-Zhu Peng
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Jian-Bing Cao
- Xiangxi Environmental Protection Bureau, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Zhi-Xi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Resources and Environment in Qianbei of Guizhou Province, College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China
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Harrison E, Hall JPJ, Brockhurst MA. Migration promotes plasmid stability under spatially heterogeneous positive selection. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0324. [PMID: 29794045 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-plasmid associations can be mutualistic or antagonistic depending on the strength of positive selection for plasmid-encoded genes, with contrasting outcomes for plasmid stability. In mutualistic environments, plasmids are swept to high frequency by positive selection, increasing the likelihood of compensatory evolution to ameliorate the plasmid cost, which promotes long-term stability. In antagonistic environments, plasmids are purged by negative selection, reducing the probability of compensatory evolution and driving their extinction. Here we show, using experimental evolution of Pseudomonas fluorescens and the mercury-resistance plasmid, pQBR103, that migration promotes plasmid stability in spatially heterogeneous selection environments. Specifically, migration from mutualistic environments, by increasing both the frequency of the plasmid and the supply of compensatory mutations, stabilized plasmids in antagonistic environments where, without migration, they approached extinction. These data suggest that spatially heterogeneous positive selection, which is common in natural environments, coupled with migration helps to explain the stability of plasmids and the ecologically important genes that they encode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Harrison
- P3 Institute, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 1AE, UK
| | - James P J Hall
- Department of Animal and Plant Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael A Brockhurst
- Department of Animal and Plant Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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19
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Ornoy A, Weinstein-Fudim L, Ergaz Z. Prevention or Amelioration of Autism-Like Symptoms in Animal Models: Will it Bring Us Closer to Treating Human ASD? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051074. [PMID: 30832249 PMCID: PMC6429371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first animal model of valproic acid (VPA) induced autistic-like behavior, many genetic and non-genetic experimental animal models for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been described. The more common non-genetic animal models induce ASD in rats and mice by infection/inflammation or the prenatal or early postnatal administration of VPA. Through the establishment of these models, attempts have been made to ameliorate or even prevent ASD-like symptoms. Some of the genetic models have been successfully treated by genetic manipulations or the manipulation of neurotransmission. Different antioxidants have been used (i.e., astaxanthin, green tea, piperine) to reduce brain oxidative stress in VPA-induced ASD models. Agents affecting brain neurotransmitters (donepezil, agmatine, agomelatine, memantine, oxytocin) also successfully reduced ASD-like symptoms. However, complete prevention of the development of symptoms was achieved only rarely. In our recent study, we treated mouse offspring exposed on postnatal day four to VPA with S-adenosine methionine (SAM) for three days, and prevented ASD-like behavior, brain oxidative stress, and the changes in gene expression induced by VPA. In this review, we describe, in addition to our data, the existing literature on the prevention/amelioration of ASD-like symptoms. We also discuss the possible mechanisms underlying some of these phenomena. Finally, we describe some of the clinical trials in children with ASD that were carried out as a result of data from animal studies, especially those with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Ornoy
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Liza Weinstein-Fudim
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Zivanit Ergaz
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
- Neonatology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
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Zhang SE, Wen SH, Su YX, Zheng GS, Wang DK, Liang YJ, Liao GQ. Synergistic effects of ischemic preconditioning and immediate post-conditioning in the protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbit submandibular glands. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:282-291. [PMID: 30006965 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Submandibular gland autotransplantation is an effective approach for treating severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. However, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which inevitably occurs during transplantation, is involved in the hypofunction and structural damage that occur early after transplantation. Therefore, it is critical to identify effective strategies to ameliorate I/R injury in submandibular glands. In this study, we investigated the ability of immediate post-conditioning combined with ischemic preconditioning to attenuate I/R injury. We observed that after I/R injury, the level of reactive oxygen species was increased, inflammatory response was strengthened, and severe apoptosis had occurred. In addition, the salivary flow rate was greatly decreased. However, the pathogenesis of I/R injury was significantly ameliorated by ischemia post-conditioning or ischemia preconditioning treatments. In addition, the combination of ischemia preconditioning and post-conditioning achieved synergistic protective effects against I/R injury compared with ischemia preconditioning or ischemia post-conditioning alone. The secretion function was restored in the combination group. Furthermore, the combination treatment involved the same mechanisms of ischemia preconditioning or ischemia post-conditioning, including suppression of the inflammatory reaction and neutrophil accumulation, attenuation of oxidation stress, and inhibition of apoptosis. In conclusion, the combination of ischemia preconditioning and ischemia post-conditioning treatment is a simple and effective approach for treating I/R injury in submandibular glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-En Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Discipline of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Sen Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di-Kan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Qing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tan HY, Tse IMY, Li ETS, Wang M. Oxyresveratrol Supplementation to C57bl/6 Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Symptoms. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020147. [PMID: 28212343 PMCID: PMC5331578 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has been proven effective in inhibiting adipogenesis in a 3T3-L1 cell model. We investigated the preventive effect of oxyresveratrol supplementation on obesity development in high-fat diet-fed mice. Male C57bl/6 mice were randomly subjected to control (5% fat by weight, LF), high-fat (30% fat by weight, HF), and high-fat supplemented with 0.25% and 0.5% oxyresveratrol (OXY1 and OXY2, respectively) diet groups for eight weeks. Oxyresveratrol supplementation effectively alleviated obesity-associated symptoms such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. Compared to the high-fat diet group, oxyresveratrol supplementation suppressed expression of glucose-6-phosphatase, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1, fatty acid synthase and CCAAT/Enhancer-binding proteins α, and elevated AMP-activated protein kinase (α2-catalytic subunit) level in liver, upregulated insulin-dependent glucose transporter type 4 level in adipose tissue, and increased expression of insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin-dependent glucose transporter type 4, AMP-activated protein kinase α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, and sirtuin 1 in muscle to regulate lipid and glucose homeostasis in these tissues. This study demonstrated that oxyresveratrol supplementation effectively ameliorated obesity-associated symptoms in high-fat diet-fed mice, presumably attributed to mediating critical regulators involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis in liver, visceral fat, and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Iris Mei Ying Tse
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Nariya A, Pathan A, Shah N, Chettiar S, Patel A, Dattani J, Chandel D, Rao M, Jhala D. Ameliorative effects of curcumin against lead induced toxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes culture. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:1-8. [PMID: 28147706 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1133637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead, a heavy metal and multifaceted toxicant, is well studied for its distribution and toxicity in ecosystem, yet there is no consensus on its amelioration by any synthetic or phytochemical compounds. Curcumin, a known antioxidant and dietary element, is a well-known herb, for its therapeutic uses and having a wide spectrum of its beneficial properties against several adverse effects. Hence, the current study was taken into consideration to evaluate the ameliorative effects of curcumin (3.87 μM, i.e. 1.43 μg/ml) against lead acetate (doses: 10-6 M, i.e. 0.379 μg/ml and 10-4 M, i.e. 37.9 μg/ml, durations: 24 h and 69 h) induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures (PBLC). On one hand, antigenotoxic and antioxidative potentials of curcumin against lead were simultaneously evaluated by the array of genotoxicity and oxidative stress indices. The result postulated that lead acetate showed dose- and duration-dependent increase in both genotoxicity and oxidative stress whereas curcumin, when added along with lead acetate, showed the significant amelioration in all genotoxic and oxidative stress-related indices. The study indicated that, due to alteration in antioxidant defense system, there is an adverse genotoxic effect of lead. On the other hand, curcumin, a potent antidote, can protect chromatin material against lead -mediated genotoxicity by balancing the activity of antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Nariya
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Ambar Pathan
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Naumita Shah
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Shiva Chettiar
- b GeneXplore Diagnostics and Research Centre Pvt. Ltd , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Alpesh Patel
- b GeneXplore Diagnostics and Research Centre Pvt. Ltd , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Jignasha Dattani
- c Regional Office for Health and Family Welfare , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Divya Chandel
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Mandava Rao
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Devendrasinh Jhala
- a Department of Zoology , University School of Sciences, Gujarat University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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23
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Tripathi DK, Mishra RK, Singh S, Singh S, Vishwakarma K, Sharma S, Singh VP, Singh PK, Prasad SM, Dubey NK, Pandey AC, Sahi S, Chauhan DK. Nitric Oxide Ameliorates Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Phytotoxicity in Wheat Seedlings: Implication of the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1. [PMID: 28220127 PMCID: PMC5292406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates ameliorative effects of nitric oxide (NO) against zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) phytotoxicity in wheat seedlings. ZnONPs exposure hampered growth of wheat seedlings, which coincided with reduced photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm and qP), due to increased accumulation of zinc (Zn) in xylem and phloem saps. However, SNP supplementation partially mitigated the ZnONPs-mediated toxicity through the modulation of photosynthetic activity and Zn accumulation in xylem and phloem saps. Further, the results reveal that ZnONPs treatments enhanced levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde; MDA) due to severely inhibited activities of the following ascorbate-glutatione cycle (AsA-GSH) enzymes: ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase, and its associated metabolites ascorbate and glutathione. In contrast to this, the addition of SNP together with ZnONPs maintained the cellular functioning of the AsA-GSH cycle properly, hence lesser damage was noticed in comparison to ZnONPs treatments alone. The protective effect of SNP against ZnONPs toxicity on fresh weight (growth) can be reversed by 2-(4carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a NO scavenger, and thus suggesting that NO released from SNP ameliorates ZnONPs toxicity. Overall, the results of the present study have shown the role of NO in the reducing of ZnONPs toxicity through the regulation of accumulation of Zn as well as the functioning of the AsA-GSH cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh K. Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced in Botany, Banaras Hindu University VaranasiVaranasi, India
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
- *Correspondence: Durgesh K. Tripathi, Vijay P. Singh, Devendra K. Chauhan, Prashant K. Singh,
| | - Rohit K. Mishra
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Swati Singh
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Kanchan Vishwakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Government Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate CollegeKoriya, India
- *Correspondence: Durgesh K. Tripathi, Vijay P. Singh, Devendra K. Chauhan, Prashant K. Singh,
| | - Prashant K. Singh
- Nanotechnology Application Centre, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
- *Correspondence: Durgesh K. Tripathi, Vijay P. Singh, Devendra K. Chauhan, Prashant K. Singh,
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Nawal K. Dubey
- Centre of Advanced in Botany, Banaras Hindu University VaranasiVaranasi, India
| | - Avinash C. Pandey
- Nanotechnology Application Centre, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Shivendra Sahi
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling GreenKY, USA
| | - Devendra K. Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
- *Correspondence: Durgesh K. Tripathi, Vijay P. Singh, Devendra K. Chauhan, Prashant K. Singh,
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24
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Kroeker R, Lee GH, Bellanca RU, Thom JP, Worlein JM. Prior facility affects alopecia in adulthood for rhesus macaques. Am J Primatol 2016; 79:1-9. [PMID: 27126085 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia has proven to be a persistent problem for captive macaques; many cases continue to elude explanations and effective treatments. Although almost all captive populations exhibit alopecia rates higher than those seen in the wild, there also appear to be wide ranges in rates reported across primate facilities. In this study we looked at alopecia ratings for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) obtained from five primary suppliers and currently housed at the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC). There were significant differences in alopecia ratings based on prior facility, despite the fact that animals had left their prior facilities at least 10 months previously and 60% had left more than 2 years previously. Possible explanations for the facility effect may include longer than anticipated time lines for alopecia amelioration, early experience effects, and genetic contributions. Our results should provide a cautionary note for those evaluating alopecia, treatments for alopecia, and the current environments of alopecic animals. It is possible that not all alopecia is caused, or can be ameliorated, by changes in the immediate environment. Am. J. Primatol. 79:e22551, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Kroeker
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Grace H Lee
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rita U Bellanca
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jinhee P Thom
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie M Worlein
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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25
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Das R, Sailo L, Verma N, Bharti P, Saikia J, Imtiwati, Kumar R. Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: A review. Vet World 2016; 9:260-8. [PMID: 27057109 PMCID: PMC4823286 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.260-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability in livestock production system is largely affected by climate change. An imbalance between metabolic heat production inside the animal body and its dissipation to the surroundings results to heat stress (HS) under high air temperature and humid climates. The foremost reaction of animals under thermal weather is increases in respiration rate, rectal temperature and heart rate. It directly affect feed intake thereby, reduces growth rate, milk yield, reproductive performance, and even death in extreme cases. Dairy breeds are typically more sensitive to HS than meat breeds, and higher producing animals are, furthermore, susceptible since they generates more metabolic heat. HS suppresses the immune and endocrine system thereby enhances susceptibility of an animal to various diseases. Hence, sustainable dairy farming remains a vast challenge in these changing climatic conditions globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramendra Das
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Lalrengpuii Sailo
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nishant Verma
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Pranay Bharti
- Department of Livestock Production & Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Jnyanashree Saikia
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Agartala - 799 008, Tripura, India
| | - Imtiwati
- Department of Livestock Production & Management, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Agartala - 799 008, Tripura, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
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26
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Abstract
In wh-questions that form a syntactic dependency between the fronted wh-phrase and its thematic position, acceptability is severely degraded when the dependency crosses another wh-phrase. It is well known that the acceptability degradation in wh-island violation ameliorates in certain contexts, but the source of this variation remains poorly understood. In the syntax literature, an influential theory – Featural Relativized Minimality – has argued that the wh-island effect is modulated exclusively by the distinctness of morpho-syntactic features in the two wh-phrases, but psycholinguistic theories of memory encoding and retrieval mechanisms predict that semantic properties of wh-phrases should also contribute to wh-island amelioration. We report four acceptability judgment experiments that systematically investigate the role of morpho-syntactic and semantic features in wh-island violations. The results indicate that the distribution of wh-island amelioration is best explained by an account that incorporates the distinctness of morpho-syntactic features as well as the semantic denotation of the wh-phrases. We argue that an integration of syntactic theories and perspectives from psycholinguistics can enrich our understanding of acceptability variation in wh-dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Atkinson
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Apple
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kyle Rawlins
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akira Omaki
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Opara JA, Brola W, Leonardi M, Błaszczyk B. Quality of life in Parkinson's disease. J Med Life 2012; 5:375-81. [PMID: 23346238 PMCID: PMC3539848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review report, current possibilities of evaluation of quality of life in Parkinson's disease have been critically presented. Health Related Quality of Life (-HRQoL) comprises a wide spectrum of consequences of the disease. Measurement of quality of life has become increasingly relevant as an outcome parameter, especially in long-term trials. Most of the available QoL instruments depend on patient self-reports. The data can be collected by written questionnaires. There are universal questionnaires of QoL--for many diseases and the specific ones--specially created for one disease. Among universal questionnaires, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the Short-Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) are the most popular in Parkinson's disease. As for specific questionnaires: the Parkinson`s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL) have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Opara
- Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - W Brola
- District Hospital in Konskie, Poland
| | - M Leonardi
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - B Błaszczyk
- Higher School of Economics and Law, Kielce, Poland
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28
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Opara JA, Jaracz K, Brola W. Quality of life in multiple sclerosis. J Med Life 2010; 3:352-8. [PMID: 21254730 PMCID: PMC3019078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An overall aim of treatment in multiple sclerosis is to lower the negative impact of the disease on functioning and quality of life of patients. Therefore, a measurement of functioning and quality of life should be included in the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment. The most commonly used quality of life questionnaires, either generic or specific, were presented in this paper,. Information about clinical and functional status is useful in the interpretation of the quality of life assessment results. Because of that, instruments for the assessment of depression, cognitive functions, functional ability and fatigue in multiple sclerosis were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Opara
- Academy of Physical Education in KatowicePoland
| | - K Jaracz
- Medical University in PoznanPoland
| | - W Brola
- District Hospital in KonskiePoland
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29
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Abstract
Various methods have been developed to detect horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, based on anomalous nucleotide composition, assuming that compositional features undergo amelioration in the host genome. Evolutionary theory predicts the inevitability of false positives when essential sequences are strongly conserved. Foreign genes could become more detectable on the basis of their higher order compositions if such features ameliorate more rapidly and uniformly than lower order features. This possibility is tested by comparing the heterogeneities of bacterial genomes with respect to strand-independent first- and second-order features, (i) G + C content and (ii) dinucleotide relative abundance, in 1 kb segments. Although statistical analysis confirms that (ii) is less inhomogeneous than (i) in all 12 species examined, extreme anomalies with respect to (ii) in the Escherichia coli K12 genome are typically co-located with essential genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanseok Ko
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-702, South Korea
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30
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Prasanna R, Jaiswal P, Kaushik BD. Cyanobacteria as potential options for environmental sustainability - promises and challenges. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:89-94. [PMID: 23100703 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 11/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria represent an ancient group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, whose ubiquity, metabolic flexibility and adaptive abilities have made them a subject of research worldwide. These structurally simple organisms combine in themselves interesting facets of plant and bacterial metabolism, which is amenable to genetic exploitation. Despite their globally recognized significance in the sustenance of fertility in rice based cropping systems, they have not been tapped for their extraordinary repertoire of activities, especially their beneficial role as biological agents in remediation and amelioration of soil and water environment and as sinks for greenhouse gases. The information available on these aspects and future lines of research for more efficient utilization of these microorganisms is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Prasanna
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
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31
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Abstract
The hypothesis that metal ions absorbed by bryophytes from the underlying soil may ameliorate adverse effects of SO2 was investigated in the terricolous moss species Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. and Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst. Dilute sodium bisulfite solutions (equivalent to dissolved SO2) were applied to shoots isolated from soil or in contact with artificial substrata. Marked inhibition of net photosynthesis was observed within 2 h of treatment with 0.3 mM bisulfite in both mosses. Progressive recovery of net photosynthesis occurred 2-8 h after bisulfite treatment, although the extent of this depended on the concentration and pH of the solution. When R. triquetrus and P. schreberi were grown on artificial substrata (calcareous, acid-mineral or acid-organic) with weekly bisulfite applications, the only significant effect was poorer growth of P. schreberi receiving bisulfite on the calcareous and acid-organic substrata. In both species, growth on the calcareous substratum led to increased concentrations of exchangeable Ca2+, whereas exchangeable Fe3+ concentrations increased following growth on the acid-mineral soil. In another experiment the two mosses were pre-treated with either Ca2+ or Fe3+ before incubation with bisulfite. In P. schreberi, the depression of net photosynthetic rate caused by bisulfite was ameliorated from 33 to 64% of the control by pre-treatment with Fe3+, but it was unaffected by Ca2+ pre-treatment. In R. triquetrus, the amelioration caused by Fe3+ pre-treatment was from 16 to 60% of the control, but pre-treatment with Ca2+ gave a greater amelioration, to 75% of the control value. The responses are discussed in terms of soil preferences of the mosses and possible underlying bisulfite amelioration mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- BHAGAWAN BHARALI
- Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - JEFFREY W. BATES
- Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
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