1
|
Akimanimpaye F, Bimerew MS, Petlhu DR. Challenges experienced by grandparents caring for AIDS orphans in the Western Cape province, South Africa. Health SA 2024; 29:2454. [PMID: 38726063 PMCID: PMC11079348 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited understanding of the difficulties and experiences faced by grandparents who assume the responsibility of caring for AIDS orphans. Aim The objective of the study was to investigate and depict the difficulties encountered by grandparents who provide care for AIDS orphans in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Setting The study was conducted in the City of Cape Town Metropolitan and the Overberg Municipality. Methods The study used qualitative approach with an exploratory-descriptive design. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to select 25 grandparents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti, version 7. Results Financial difficulties, a lack of support, HIV and/or AIDS stigma, and dealing with rebellious teenagers were primary challenges affecting the well-being of grandparents. Conclusion The study found that while financial challenges were significant, other factors such as poor family support contributed to the decline in the well-being of grandparents caring for AIDS orphans. Contribution The study's results can lead to improved public health programmes that address the identified challenges and health needs of grandparents providing care to AIDS orphans and the orphans under their care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furaha Akimanimpaye
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Community Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Million S. Bimerew
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Community Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deliwe R. Petlhu
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Porras-Mendoza Y, Celdrán M, Zacarés JJ. Continuity in Socialization Styles: Typologies of Socialization in the Different Life Stages of Older People. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024:914150241240127. [PMID: 38515305 DOI: 10.1177/00914150241240127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify the socialization styles of the older person (such as authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and negligent) in three different roles: (1) nowadays as a grandparent, (2) considering the style used to educate their own children in the past; and (3), considering the socialization style they received when they were children. The sample (317 people over 65 years old with at least one grandchild aged up to 16 years old participated) received the questionnaire on socialization styles in those roles. The results showed the predominance of the indulgent style in their role as grandparents. Almost 80% showed intergenerational continuity between at least two roles, with the exception of those with a neglectful style. Continuity in socialization style is crucial to understanding the dynamics within family relationships, which have highly durable intergenerational ties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoselyn Porras-Mendoza
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Cognition, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Celdrán
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Cognition, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Zacarés
- Departament of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Metsä-Simola N, Baranowska-Rataj A, Remes H, Kühn M, Martikainen P. Grandparental support and maternal depression: Do grandparents' characteristics matter more for separating mothers? Popul Stud (Camb) 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38356160 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2287493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Grandparental support may protect mothers from depression, particularly mothers who separate and enter single parenthood. Using longitudinal Finnish register data on 116,917 separating and 371,703 non-separating mothers with young children, we examined differences in mothers' antidepressant purchases by grandparental characteristics related to provision of support. Grandparents' younger age (<70 years), employment, and lack of severe health problems predicted a lower probability of maternal depression. Depression was also less common if grandparents lived close to the mother and if the maternal grandparents' union was intact. Differences in maternal depression by grandparental characteristics were larger among separating than among non-separating mothers, particularly during the years before separation. Overall, maternal grandmothers' characteristics appeared to matter most, while the role of paternal grandparents was smaller. The findings suggest that grandparental characteristics associated with increased potential for providing support and decreased need of receiving support predict a lower likelihood of maternal depression, particularly among separating mothers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zang E, Gibson-Davis C, Li H. Beyond Parental Wealth: Grandparental Wealth and the Transition to Adulthood. Res Soc Stratif Mobil 2024; 89:100878. [PMID: 38283595 PMCID: PMC10810034 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This study considers the multigenerational consequences of wealth transmission for the transition to young adulthood. Using a wider set of outcomes than has previously been considered, and by analyzing parental and grandparental wealth simultaneously, this work underscores the salience of multiple generations of wealth as a predictor for young adult well-being. Data comes from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics on a sample of youth followed from mid-adolescence until the age of 20. Results from linear regression models indicate that parental wealth was associated with increases in the probability of college attendance and steady employment and inversely associated with the likelihood of nonmarital birth and idleness. Grandparental wealth predicted non-educational outcomes at least as well as parental wealth did and explained more variance in young adults' outcomes when parental wealth was lower. The association between parental wealth and non-educational outcomes suggest that wealth may inform young adults' broader life course by predicting outcomes other than college attendance. Grandparental wealth may serve a compensatory function for children with low parental wealth. Results suggest that persistently low wealth across multiple generations may impede the successful transition to young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Zang
- Department of Sociology, Yale University
| | | | - Haolun Li
- Department of Economics, Princeton University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Holmer P, Muehlebach N, Ilic A, Priboi C, Roser K, Raguindin PF, Tinner EM, Baechtold R, Ansari M, Diezi M, Lemmel E, Schilling F, Farrag A, Scheinemann K, Michel G. Exploring grandparents' psychosocial responses to childhood cancer: A qualitative study. Psychooncology 2024; 33:e6304. [PMID: 38363038 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A childhood cancer diagnosis is a traumatic experience for patients and their families. However, little is known about the effect on grandparents. We aimed to investigate the negative psychosocial impact, coping strategies, and positive outcomes of grandparents of childhood cancer patients in Switzerland. METHODS We collected data using a semi-structured interview guide and applied qualitative content analysis. RESULTS We conducted 20 interviews with 23 grandparents (57% female; mean age = 66.9 years; SD = 6.4; range = 57.0-82.4) of 13 affected children (69% female; mean age = 7.5 years; SD = 6.1; range = 1.0-18.9) between January 2022 and April 2023. The mean time since diagnosis was 1.0 years (SD = 0.5; range = 0.4-1.9). Grandparents were in shock and experienced strong feelings of fear and helplessness. They were particularly afraid of a relapse or late effects. The worst part for most was seeing their grandchild suffer. Many stated that their fear was always present which could lead to tension and sleep problems. To cope with these negative experiences, the grandparents used internal and external strategies, such as accepting the illness or talking to their spouse and friends. Some grandparents also reported positive outcomes, such as getting emotionally closer to family members and appreciating things that had previously been taken for granted. CONCLUSIONS Grandparents suffer greatly when their grandchild is diagnosed with cancer. Encouragingly, most grandparents also reported coping strategies and positive outcomes despite the challenges. Promoting coping strategies and providing appropriate resources could reduce the psychological burden of grandparents and strengthen the whole family system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Holmer
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Muehlebach
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Anica Ilic
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Priboi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Roser
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Eva Maria Tinner
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, University Cancer Center Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Baechtold
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, University Cancer Center Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Diezi
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eléna Lemmel
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freimut Schilling
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Farrag
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Center, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Davies J, O’Connor M, Halkett GKB, Kelada L, Gottardo NG. Grandparents' Experiences of Childhood Cancer: A Qualitative Study. J Fam Nurs 2024; 30:30-40. [PMID: 38014512 PMCID: PMC10788041 DOI: 10.1177/10748407231213862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A child's cancer diagnosis has a significant impact on the lives of grandparents. Grandparents experience the stress of worrying about both their adult children and their grandchildren. Our study aimed to explore the lived experience of grandparents of children diagnosed with cancer. A qualitative design involving semi-structured interviews was used and data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Twenty grandparents aged 41 to 77 years were interviewed. Six themes were identified: (a) Diagnosis: changing everything; (b) Aspects of treatment: A different world; (c) Sandwich generation; (d) Family: Worrying about everyone; (e) Balancing work; and (f) It's like suddenly a door opens. Our study demonstrates the life-changing impact of having a grandchild diagnosed with cancer. It expands on existing knowledge and shows that, due to an aging population and demographic changes, some grandparents must juggle the demands of caring for aging family members and working while supporting adult children and grandchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Davies
- Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Lauren Kelada
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Gottardo
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nogueira AJ, Ribeiro MT. The Psychological Experience of Grandparents: Proposal of a Qualitative Clinical Assessment Tool in Pediatric Palliative Care. Clin Pract 2024; 14:122-131. [PMID: 38248434 PMCID: PMC10801506 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, there are over 7800 children with life-limiting conditions. The context of pediatric palliative care represents a complex and distressing experience for families. Compared to parental caregivers and healthy siblings, grandparents are underexplored in the literature and clinical practice. The aim of the present study is to propose a psychological experience assessment tool of grandparents in this context. It consists of a sociodemographic and clinical data sheet and a semi-structured interview based on sharing a testimony with other grandparents. On the basis of the latter, 10 dimensions were explored through the grandparents' own perspective: representation of the illness; representation of the sick grandchild; changes in routine and life; family impact; grandparents' contributions to the family system; social support and coping strategies; emotional impact; triple concern; needs identification; and post-traumatic growth. The tool can be used in person or remotely and may be combined with other instruments. Its application enables a personalized identification of needs and challenges for each family, promoting the adjustment of the clinical intervention to their wellbeing and resilience from an eco-systemic perspective. The clinical tool is presented in detail and its importance in the context of research and systemic intervention is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jóni Nogueira
- CICPSI, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wilson JL. An Integrative Review of Grandparents' Experiences in Childhood Cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol Nurs 2024; 41:67-77. [PMID: 37853761 DOI: 10.1177/27527530231194569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: While it is generally accepted that childhood cancer has a profound impact on the family unit, there has been little focus on the experiences of grandparents who are affected by the diagnosis. Grandparents play an integral role throughout the child's illness trajectory as they are called upon to provide support physically, spiritually, emotionally, and at times financially. This integrative review examines the current research specific to grandparents' experiences of childhood cancer. Method: CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched using the key terms "grandparent*" AND "experience*" AND "child*" AND "cancer." Inclusion criteria used for this review were as follows: electronic full text, peer-reviewed, and published in English between 2012 and 2022. Results: Grandparents of children with cancer experience an emotional whirlwind, a double-whammy effect, the giving and receiving of support, a balancing act, and attempt to find meaning throughout the diagnosis. They feel unacknowledged and unsupported by the health care team. Discussion: It is difficult to deny the emotional and familial impact the child's cancer diagnosis has not only on the child and immediate family but also on grandparents. While the reports of grandparents are consistent across studies, there have been lackluster attempts to mitigate the suffering experienced by this group. Pediatric oncology nurses, with their family-centered care approach, are in a unique position to uncover and meet the specific needs of grandparents of children diagnosed with cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Likoko S, Akokuwebe ME, Osuafor GN, Idemudia ES. "Health Outcomes of Grandparents Caring for Double Orphans in South Africa": What Are the Determinants? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:7158. [PMID: 38131710 PMCID: PMC10743013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20247158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, grandparenthood is a significant phenomenon in the fields of demography, gerontology, and sociology. It is mainly explored in the context of ageing, as it is poised to become one of the most significant demographic phenomena and social issues in contemporary South Africa. Therefore, this study examined the determinants associated with grandparents who are parenting as caregivers and the health challenges they are exposed to as caregivers. The National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) Wave 5 dataset was utilised, and a total of 302,476 grandparents aged 25 years and older, who were reported to be primary caregivers of double orphans, were included in the analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictors of the determinants of grandparents parenting as caregivers and their health challenges in South Africa. Estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used, and the threshold for statistical significance was established at ρ < 0.05. A majority of the male and female grandparent caregivers were aged 24-34 years, were Black Africans (69.8%), had secondary education (46.9%), reported health challenges (HC) (59.7%), with 26.4% reporting headaches in the last 30 days. Logistic regression revealed that grandparent caregivers aged 55-64 years were 8.9 times more likely to report health challenges compared to those aged 25-34 years. Non-Black African grandparent caregivers were found to be 0.61 times less likely to report health challenges, compared to Black African grandparent caregivers. Those with perceived poor health status were 3.3 times more likely to report health challenges, compared to those with excellent perceived health status. Therefore, there is an urgent need to redesign health interventions to address these health burdens among grandparent caregivers and to take cognisance of providing economic and social support for these vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salmon Likoko
- Statistics South Africa, ISIbalo House, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | | | - Godswill Nwabuisi Osuafor
- Department of Population Studies and Demography, North-West University, Mafikeng 2735, South Africa;
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blake A, Chassin L. Grandparent alcohol use disorder and grandparent-grandchild relationships. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:1005-1015. [PMID: 37199943 PMCID: PMC10524835 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of grandparents in grandchildren's lives is important for grandchild well-being. Studies suggest that the quality of relationships between grandparents and their adult children may "spill over" to the quality of their relationships with their grandchildren. However, no research has tested whether grandparent alcohol use disorder (AUD) disrupts intergenerational relationships. This is important because grandchildren may not benefit from closeness with grandparents with AUD. In a sample of 295 parents and their children (N = 604) from a larger longitudinal study oversampled for familial AUD, this study tested whether grandparents (G1, "Generation 1") with AUD had poorer relationships with their adult children (G2 "Generation 2") in terms of greater stress and less support provided and less closeness with their grandchildren (G3, "Generation 3"). We also tested whether poorer G1-G2 relationship quality predicted less G1-G3 closeness. Finally, we tested whether effects of G1 AUD on G1-G3 closeness were explained by G1-G2 relationship quality. Separate models were estimated for maternal and paternal grandparents. We found evidence for three indirect effects. First, G1 maternal grandparent AUD predicted greater stress in the G1 grandmother-G2 mother relationship, which was associated with greater closeness between maternal grandmothers and grandchildren. This indirect effect was replicated in G1 paternal grandfathers and G2 fathers. Additionally, G1 paternal grandparent AUD was associated with lower levels of support provided from G1 grandfathers to G2 fathers, which predicted less closeness between paternal grandfathers and grandchildren. The results demonstrate complex intergenerational effects of AUD on family relationships and consistent with the hypothesized "spillover" effect of intergenerational relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Blake
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nogueira AJ, Ribeiro MT. "I'm Afraid If This Goes Wrong… What Will Become of Me?": The Psychological Experience of Grandparents in Pediatric Palliative Care. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2391. [PMID: 37685425 PMCID: PMC10486921 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Portugal has been identified as the European country with the most rapid evolution of Pediatric Palliative Care provision, where approximately 7800 children have life-limiting conditions. This is a highly complex experience not only for the children and their parental caregivers, but also for their healthy siblings and grandparents. The present descriptive-exploratory study seeks to contribute to the understanding of the psychological experience of life-limiting conditions in grandparents. A total of 19 families, consisting of 15 grandmothers and 4 grandfathers, completed a sociodemographic and clinical data sheet and a semi-structured interview was conducted in which they shared their testimony. The results of the thematic analysis highlighted an integrated view on 10 important dimensions in the grandparental experience and promoted creative responses by means of their own perspective. However, it has some limitations, such as the small sample size and the data collection procedure via telephone. The results contribute to the design of specific intervention methodologies in an ecosystemic approach and suggest further research to explore more protective factors and communication with health professionals. For psychological intervention, it is suggested considering the identification of individual and family resources that contribute to the activation of key processes in resilience and posttraumatic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jóni Nogueira
- CICPSI, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alonso-Perez E, Heisig JP, Kreyenfeld M, Gellert P, O'Sullivan JL. Intersectional inequalities in the transition to grandparenthood and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA). Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3248051. [PMID: 37609223 PMCID: PMC10441470 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3248051/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives With aging societies, more people become vulnerable to experiencing cognitive decline. While normal aging is associated with a deterioration in certain cognitive abilities, little is known about how social determinants intersect to create late-life cognitive functioning inequalities. Simultaneously, the role of grandparenthood is central for older adults and their families. There are indications that social determinants intersect to modulate the effect of the transition to grandparenthood, but further evidence is needed. Our study investigates the relation of transition to grandparenthood with cognitive functioning and explores differences across intersectional strata. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we analyzed a sample of 19,953 individuals aged 50-85 without grandchildren at the baseline. We applied Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy to investigate cognitive functioning differences across 48 intersectional strata, defined by sex/gender, migration, education, and occupation. We allowed the impact of becoming a grandparent to vary across strata by including random slopes. Results Intersectional strata accounted for 17.43% of the overall variance in cognitive functioning, with most of the stratum-level variation explained by additive effects of the stratum-defining characteristics. Transition to grandparenthood was associated with higher cognitive functioning, with a stronger effect for women. Stratum-level variation in the grandparenthood effect was modest. Discussion This study highlights the importance of social determinants for understanding heterogeneities in the association of transition to grandparenthood with cognitive functioning. Adopting an intersectional lens is useful to decompose inequalities and derive tailored interventions to promote equal healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Alonso-Perez
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Paul Heisig
- Research Group "Health and Social Inequality", WZB Berlin Social Science Center, Berlin, Germany / Institute of Sociology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Paul Gellert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julie Lorraine O'Sullivan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mendoza N, Park C. Implementing a Grandfamily Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Responses and Adaptations. J Gerontol Soc Work 2023; 66:780-792. [PMID: 36748125 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2023.2173348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic complicated efforts to deliver interventions to marginalized populations at risk of contracting COVID-19. Grandfamilies are one such group. GRANDcares Plus (GC+) is an intervention designed to help grandfamilies build resilience. It was scheduled to launch shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic began and consequently was heavily influenced by the pandemic. This paper discusses responses and adaptations made in implementing GC+ during the pandemic. Primary information sources included facilitators, COVID-19 information outlets, grandfamilies, and the project site coordinator. As a result, adaptations were made to facilitator training, CDC guidelines/recommendations were employed, potential participants needs and concerns were considered, and additional strategies were incorporated to support grandfamilies. This knowledge translational article contributes to social work by providing insights into identifying, managing, and responding to unexpected challenges. Given the increasing occurrences of unanticipated crises, it is crucial to develop and maintain effective tools for sustainable deliveries of services during difficult times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Mendoza
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Cherrie Park
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gregory S, Suderman M, Northstone K, Pembrey M, Watkins S, Iles-Caven Y, Golding J. Regular smoking of male ancestors in adolescence and fat mass in young adult grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:184. [PMID: 36320451 PMCID: PMC9597126 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17950.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) have shown that if men commenced smoking prior to the onset of puberty their sons, their granddaughters and great-granddaughters were more likely to have excess fat (but not lean) mass during childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. In this study we assess associations between ancestral smoking during adolescence (ages 11-16 years) with fat and lean mass of subsequent generations at two ages. Methods: We analysed data on exposures of grandparents and great-grandparents collected by ALSPAC. The outcomes were the fat masses of their grandchildren and great-grandchildren measured at ages 17 and 24. Measures of lean mass were used as controls. Adjustment was made for 8-10 demographic factors using multiple regression. Results: We found associations between adolescent smoking of the paternal grandfathers and the adjusted fat mass of their grandchildren, but no associations with the grandchildren's lean mass. Grandchildren at age 17 had an average excess fat mass of +1.65 [95% CI +0.04, +3.26] Kg, and at age 24 an average excess of +1.55 [95% CI -0.27, +3.38] Kg. Adolescent smoking by the maternal grandfather showed similar, but weaker, associations: at 17 an average excess fat mass of +1.02 Kg [95% CI -0.20, +2.25] Kg, and at 24 an average excess of +1.28 [95% CI -0.11, +2.66] Kg. There were no pronounced differences between the sexes of the children. For the great-grandparents there were few convincing results, although numbers were small. Conclusions: We have shown associations between grandfathers' smoking in adolescence and increased fat (but not lean) mass in their children. Confirmation of these associations is required, either in a further data set or by demonstrating the presence of supportive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gregory
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus Pembrey
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sarah Watkins
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Megido MJ, Celdrán M, Ferrer A, Roca M, Pujol-Ribera E, Zabaleta-Del-Olmo E. Grandchildren of grandparents with Alzheimer's disease: Exploratory study of the impact of the disease on their relationships. Dementia (London) 2023; 22:838-853. [PMID: 36916529 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231162882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the perception of changes that Alzheimer's disease in grandparents has made to the relationship with their grandchildren of between 6 and 13. Qualitative methodology was used. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 25 grandchildren living in Catalonia, Spain. Participants reported a change in roles from being the care receiver to being the caregiver, changes in the activities that they did together and a positive impact on the grandparent's emotional wellbeing. In the physical sphere, sleeping problems were reported in grandchildren that cohabited with their grandparents. The feelings they described include fear of not being recognized by their grandparents and sadness, as well as satisfaction resulting from their affection and participating in caring. These findings suggest the need to provide information and resources for grandchildren and their families to enable them to deal with the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Megido
- Direcció Atenció Primària Metropolitana Sud. ICS. Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya.,Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Celdrán
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, 16724Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Assumpta Ferrer
- Primary Healthcare Centre El Pla, 37494ICS, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Montserrat Roca
- Campus Bellvitge Escola d'infermeria, 73071Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Pujol-Ribera
- 203271Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Zabaleta-Del-Olmo
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Gerència Territorial de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.,Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Andajani-Sutjahjo S, Neang M. "Help Children Walking on the Right Path": Understanding Parents' and Grandparents' Perceptions on Violence Against Children in Cambodia and Prevention Strategies. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:3924-3949. [PMID: 35938482 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined parents' and grandparents' understanding of violence against children (VAC) strategies to prevent VAC in the home. Research questions: What do parents and grandparents understand about VAC? Which child discipline practices are violent? What are strategies to prevent VAC? Participants: 30 parents and grandparents from a small rural community. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) in which participants shared their perceptions and practices relating to child discipline, forms of VAC, and proposed intervention strategies. In two community forums, participants discussed intervention strategies produced in separate FGDs and agreed on three priority strategies. During the FGDs and community meetings, none of the participants ever mentioned any laws, regulations, or government strategies to address VAC in the home. Participants expressed confusion and mixed feelings and responses on forms of VAC. Some agreed on deception, manipulation, intimidation (som lot), threats (Kom ream, harsh words, scolding (je), and physical punishment (i.e., beating or beating with an object) as an unacceptable discipline that would adversely impact children's well-being. Others agreed on cautiously using such disciplines to a certain degree and context. Participants proposed three priority strategies to address VAC in the home, of which two-community awareness and education and community-based efforts-fit with the Cambodia 2017 to 2024 Action Plan Strategies to Prevent and Respond to VAC. The third strategy, addressing alcohol harm-related violence, though not regarded in the 2017 to 2024 Action Plan, was considered pivotal in preventing VAC. Parents and grandparents have a substantial role in child protection at home. Nevertheless, without a clear definition of VAC or articulation of protecting children from violence in the home, it would be challenging to involve parents/grandparents for effective intervention. Participants' three priority strategies have a substantial policy and program implications for Cambodia's primary prevention of VAC action strategy. Community-based mobilization, education, and capacity building need to start and sustain the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Munin Neang
- Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Cambodia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burgette JM, Lu KC, Dahl ZT, Weyant RJ, McNeil DW, Foxman B, Marazita ML. Factors affecting maternal decision making about grandparents' cariogenic dietary choices for children: A qualitative study. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:122-129. [PMID: 36435638 PMCID: PMC10427028 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Added sugar in children's diets puts them at higher risk of developing caries. Researchers have reported that grandparents frequently give their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages (for example, those with added sugars) and disagreements between grandparents and parents can ensue over this issue. This study's objective was to examine factors that influence whether mothers address grandparents about giving their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages. METHODS In-person, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 126 mothers of children aged 3 through 5 years from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia from 2018 through 2020. Qualitative data for this study were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, imported into NVivo for coding, and analyzed using iterative theme development via a constant comparative process. RESULTS In this study, 72% of mothers (91 of 126) indicated that grandparents gave their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages, and 51% of those mothers (46 of 91) addressed the issue with grandparents. Mothers described that the following factors influenced whether they addressed grandparents on this issue: frequency of interaction between grandparents and children, mothers' dependency on grandparents for childcare, quantity of cariogenic foods and beverages that grandparents provided, and strength of mothers' relationships with grandparents. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that some mothers consider the frequency and quantity of cariogenic foods and beverages, as well as social factors, when deciding whether to engage with grandparents about the cariogenic foods and beverages they give to their grandchildren. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Initiatives aimed to decrease childhood caries should consider how interpersonal family relationships may need to be addressed as part of successful sugar-reduction interventions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sheikomar OB, Ghattas H, Sahyoun NR. Relationship between Live-In Grandparents and Grandchild's Health and Well-Being in Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:370. [PMID: 36612692 PMCID: PMC9819156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grandparents (GP) play influential roles in grandchildren's health, behavior, and life. However, this relationship has not been examined in the Arab region. This study assesses whether the presence of GP in the household is associated with grandchildren's health and wellbeing. Health status was determined by a child experiencing chronic health conditions or an acute illness, and wellbeing was determined based on school attendance and child labor. Data were collected through surveys conducted in 2010 and 2015 of representative samples of Palestinian refugees living in Lebanon. Multivariate logistic regression showed that, even after controlling for potential confounders, including the presence of parents in the household and household food insecurity (FI), the presence of live-in GP was associated with lower odds of children experiencing acute illnesses (OR 0.74 95% CI 0.62-0.92) and higher odds of attending school (OR 2.22 95% CI 1.28-5.33), but not child labor. The presence of GP in the household may be protective to grandchildren's health status and school attendance in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfat B. Sheikomar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, King Abdulaziz university, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Ghattas
- Center for Research on Population and Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nadine R. Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Chile has the highest rates of grandparent caregiving of young children among Western countries. However, there is limited information on (a) how mothers and grandmothers share caregiving responsibilities, (b) if mother's care for children differs across different types of grandmother support, and (c) the perceived roles that grandmothers have as caregivers. Through a mixed-methods approach, we seek to explore the areas mentioned above. Using a nationally representative survey (N = 4,288), we compare the frequency with which mothers participate in activities with their children ages 1-5 years by the degree of grandmother participation. We find that mothers participate in activities with their children and in their functional care at similar levels across grandmother caregiving types. The main exception is mothers with coresiding grandmothers taking a secondary caregiver role: These mothers reported a higher frequency of activities with their children than mothers with other types of grandmother involvement, even those who had majority caregiving or irregular caregiving grandmothers. In-depth interviews with mothers and grandmothers reveal how they share the caregiving responsibilities, which depend on the mother's work status, with families with working mothers having more involved grandmothers. The grandmother's level of responsibilities, in turn, seems to shape their perceived role as caregivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
20
|
Keim SA, Parrott A, Mason RE. Mental health and parenting demands among grandparent caregivers of young U.S. children. J Women Aging 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35820049 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2094153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse epidemics and changes in incarceration and foster care policies have recently placed more young children in grandparent custody. Grandmothers bear much of this caregiving responsibility. Our objective was to compare grandparent caregivers of preschool-aged children (grandparent(s) only or in multigenerational households) to parent caregivers, by caregiver sex, in their mental health, available emotional support, and capacity to manage parenting demands. Using U.S. National Survey of Children's Health data (2016-2019), we used survey-weighted logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic confounders and conducted sub-group analyses by caregiver sex. Among 30,046 families with a child aged 1-5 years, 776 (4.1%) were grandparent-only, 817 (3.3%) multigenerational, 28,453 (92.7) parent-headed (weighted percentages). Most caregivers (78.7%) were in Excellent/Very Good mental health, but grandfathers in grandparent-only households were less so. Despite being more likely to parent alone, caregivers in grandparent-only households had about twice the odds of having a source of emotional support (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] = 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12, 3.83). Grandmothers, in particular, had greater odds of handling day-to-day parenting demands (aPOR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.35, 4.27) and of reporting rarely/never feeling angry with the child in their care (aPOR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.53, 5.01), compared to mothers in parent households. Caregivers in multigenerational households displayed no differences as compared to parents except for grandfathers in multigenerational households who were more likely often bothered by the child. Despite increasing demands on grandparents, they generally reported faring as well as or better than parent caregivers, especially grandmothers. Their prior experience and social support may make them resilient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Keim
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andria Parrott
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel E Mason
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gregory S, Suderman M, Northstone K, Pembrey M, Watkins S, Iles-Caven Y, Golding J. Regular smoking of male ancestors in adolescence and fat mass in young adult grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:184. [PMID: 36320451 PMCID: PMC9597126 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17950.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) have shown that if men commenced smoking prior to the onset of puberty their sons, their granddaughters and great-granddaughters were more likely to have excess fat (but not lean) mass during childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. In this study we assess associations between ancestral smoking during adolescence (ages 11-16 years) with fat and lean mass of subsequent generations at two ages. Methods: We analysed data on exposures of grandparents and great-grandparents collected by ALSPAC. The outcomes were the fat masses of their grandchildren and great-grandchildren measured at ages 17 and 24. Measures of lean mass were used as controls. Adjustment was made for 8-10 demographic factors using multiple regression. Results: We found associations between adolescent smoking of the paternal grandfathers and the adjusted fat mass of their grandchildren, but no associations with the grandchildren's lean mass. Grandchildren at age 17 had an average excess fat mass of +1.65 [95% CI +0.04, +3.26] Kg, and at age 24 an average excess of +1.55 [95% CI -0.27, +3.38] Kg. Adolescent smoking by the maternal grandfather showed similar, but weaker, associations: at 17 an average excess fat mass of +1.02 Kg [95% CI -0.20, +2.25] Kg, and at 24 an average excess of +1.28 [95% CI -0.11, +2.66] Kg. There were no pronounced differences between the sexes of the children. For the great-grandparents there were few convincing results, although numbers were small. Conclusions: We have shown associations between grandfathers' smoking in adolescence and increased fat (but not lean) mass in their children. Confirmation of these associations is required, either in a further data set or by demonstrating the presence of supportive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gregory
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus Pembrey
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sarah Watkins
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boon-Nanai J, Thaggard S, Montayre J. 'I just want to be a grandmother, not a caregiver for their kids' Perceptions of childminding among Pacific grandparents living in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:1599-1607. [PMID: 34245202 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates both positive and negative effects of grandparent childcare; effects that are largely dependent upon the context and intensity of the care are required. Here, we suggest that context to be inclusive of cultural background. Drawing on the indigenous methodological framework, talanoa, the views of 13 Pacific Island grandparents in relation to themes of grandparent childminding are explored, as well its proximity to perceptions of elder abuse. A cultural analysis reveals that traditions specific to the Pacific way of life may lead to increased risk of prolonged childcare. The participants in this study felt that prolonged childminding deprived them of time which could be used to benefit them and their community in the long run. It was viewed as a form of disrespect, as older people are revered and held in high regard in decision making activities from the Pacific worldview. The participants embraced their roles as the knowledge holders of cultural treasures; responsible for teaching children and grandchildren their genealogy and language, and for upholding the protocols of their cultural heritage. However, they felt their contributions were not reciprocated nor valued, but instead exploited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Boon-Nanai
- Equity Academic Pasifika, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Thaggard
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jed Montayre
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Iliano E, Beeckman M, Latomme J, Cardon G. The GRANDPACT Project: The Development and Evaluation of an Intergenerational Program for Grandchildren and Their Grandparents to Stimulate Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Using Co-Creation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19127150. [PMID: 35742392 PMCID: PMC9222701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, increased attention has been devoted to intergenerational physical activity (PA) programs because they may have several benefits for both children and older adults (e.g., the reduction of ageism). An intergenerational PA program focusing on grandchildren and grandparents in a 'standard' family setting that combines PA and cognitive function is innovative and may hold potential for promoting PA and improving cognitive functioning in both grandchildren and grandparents. The aim of this study is to describe the protocol of the GRANDPACT (GRANDparents and GRANDchildren improve their Physical Activity and Cognitive functions using co-creaTion) Project, focusing on the development of an intergenerational, cognitively enriched, movement program for grandchildren and grandparents using the theoretical framework of the "Behaviour Change Wheel" in combination with a co-creation approach. Two co-creation trajectories will be organized to develop the program, followed by a pilot study to refine the program and an RCT with a pre-test (at baseline), a post-test (after 24 weeks), and a follow-up (after 36 weeks) to measure the outcomes of co-PA, cognitive functions, psychosocial well-being, and the quality of the family relationship ingrandchildren and grandparents. The outcomes will be measured using accelerometry for PA, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) for cognitive functions, and questionnaires for the psychological well-being and quality of the family relationship. Co-development with end-users and stakeholders during both co-creation trajectories is expected to result in an effective, attractive, and feasible program. Co-PA is expected to improve PA, cognitive functioning, psychosocial well-being, and the quality of the family relationships between grandchildren and grandparents.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mathews R, Nadorff D. Too Many Treats or Not Enough to Eat? The Impact of Caregiving Grandparents on Child Food Security and Nutrition. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19105796. [PMID: 35627334 PMCID: PMC9141154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the number of grandparent-headed households on the rise, the influence of grandparents needs to be considered in the fight to reduce child obesity. The current study investigated the influence of caregiver type (i.e., grandparents only, parents only, or multi-generational households) on children’s nutrition, food security, and BMI. This was a cross-sectional, secondary analysis based on the 2009–2010 wave of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey in collaboration with the World Health Organization. This sample included 12,181 students from 10,837 families with only parents present in the household, 238 with only grandparents present, and 1106 multi-generational families. One-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted using caregiver type as the independent variable, controlling for SES, on items assessing frequency of breakfast consumption, nutrition intake, hunger, snacking frequency and location, and BMI. Children reported more unhealthy snacking in households with only grandparents. Hunger was reported more often in multi-generational households. These results support that caregiver type, especially caregiving grandparents, is a significant predictor of children’s BMI, nutrition, and food security. Tailoring nutrition education to the needs of grandparents could help both the health of grandparents and the reduction of child obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Mathews
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Danielle Nadorff
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang Y, Zhao Q, Reynolds NR, Tang S, Yan F, Wang Y, Sun M. The Experience of Grandparenting Young Children. J Gerontol Soc Work 2022; 65:305-319. [PMID: 34379578 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1965687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the experience of grandparents providing regular childcare to their young grandchildren in China. Due to unique cultural and social factors, regular childcare provided by grandparents is becoming increasingly common in China. Unfortunately, published research on this topic does not provide a sufficient understanding of the experiences of grandparents who provide the regular care and the impact this has on their life. A qualitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban village setting in Changsha China, where participants (N = 11) were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected between April 2019 and June 2019 and thematically analyzed using a seven-step modified procedure established by Colaizzi. Three key themes were identified: (1) Dominant factors motivating grandparenting; (2) Sweet burden of grandparenting; and, (3) Unmet needs. Study findings showed that while the Chinese grandparents perceived value and benefits to providing regular childcare, there are also significant challenges that need to be addressed. Interventions at a household and community level can be implemented to improve their childcare role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Huang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China; XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nancy R Reynolds
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Siyuan Tang
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Fang Yan
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Mei Sun
- XiangYa Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kanmiki EW, Fatima Y, Mamun AA. Multigenerational transmission of obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13405. [PMID: 34970828 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong link between parental and offspring obesity status. However, the state of epidemiological evidence on multigenerational transmission of overweight/obesity, such as from grandparents to grandchildren, is relatively unknown. This systematic review collates and appraises existing evidence on multigenerational transmission of overweight/obesity and uses meta-analytic estimates for quantitative synthesis. Six electronic databases were searched for publications reporting the relationship between grandparents and their grandchildren overweight/obesity status. A total of 25 studies from 17 countries with a combined population of 238,771 study participants met the inclusion criteria. About 60% (15) of the reviewed studies reported a positive association between grandparent-grandchild (GP-GC) overweight/obesity, out of which 11 were statistically significant. Seven studies reported odds ratios of GP-GC overweight/obesity associations and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed a significant GP-GC association in overweight/obesity status (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.57). Thus, the current research evidence shows that grandchildren's overweight/obesity status is associated with their grandparents' overweight/obesity status, indicating a multigenerational transmission of obesity. However, more studies, especially from developing countries, are required to assess the robustness of these findings. Future studies should also focus on the mechanisms through which this transmission occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund W Kanmiki
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia.,Alliance for Social Innovations and Livelihood Improvement (ASOLI), Bolgatanga, Upper East Region, Ghana
| | - Yaqoot Fatima
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia.,Murtupuni Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Helle S, Tanskanen AO, Coall DA, Danielsbacka M. Matrilateral bias of grandparental investment in grandchildren persists despite the grandchildren's adverse early life experiences. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212574. [PMID: 35168400 PMCID: PMC8848246 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts a downward flow of investment from older to younger generations, representing individual efforts to maximize inclusive fitness. Maternal grandparents and maternal grandmothers (MGMs) in particular consistently show the highest levels of investment (e.g. time, care and resources) in their grandchildren. Grandparental investment overall may depend on social and environmental conditions that affect the development of children and modify the benefits and costs of investment. Currently, the responses of grandparents to adverse early life experiences (AELEs) in their grandchildren are assessed from a perspective of increased investment to meet increased need. Here, we formulate an alternative prediction that AELEs may be associated with reduced grandparental investment, as they can reduce the reproductive value of the grandchildren. Moreover, we predicted that paternal grandparents react more strongly to AELEs compared to maternal grandparents because maternal kin should expend extra effort to invest in their descendants. Using population-based survey data for English and Welsh adolescents, we found evidence that the investment of maternal grandparents (MGMs in particular) in their grandchildren was unrelated to the grandchildren's AELEs, while paternal grandparents invested less in grandchildren who had experienced more AELEs. These findings seemed robust to measurement errors in AELEs and confounding due to omitted shared causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuli Helle
- Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Antti O Tanskanen
- Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland.,Population Research Institute, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David A Coall
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia
| | - Mirkka Danielsbacka
- Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland.,Population Research Institute, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pessin L, Rutigliano R, Potter MH. Time, money, and entry into parenthood: The role of (grand)parental support. J Marriage Fam 2022; 84:101-120. [PMID: 35874103 PMCID: PMC9290986 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study's objective is to understand how parental propensities to provide support, as predicted by parental characteristics, shape adult daughters' and sons' entry into parenthood in the United States. BACKGROUND Much research explores the influence of parental support on adult children's fertility, but the evidence is mixed and primarily focuses on European contexts. Theoretical approaches suggest that to best understand how parental support shapes adult children's outcomes, it is important to account for different forms of parental support, that is, time and money, and variation in parental characteristics. METHOD This study combined different data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics: the 2013 Roster and Family Transfers module, main interview data file, and the Childbirth and Adoption History File. We implemented a two-step analysis strategy. In the first, we built two different measures of propensities to receive parental support (PPS) in the form of time and money. In the second, we used discrete-time logistic regression models to analyze the effects of these propensities to receive parental support on adult daughters' and sons' fertility. RESULTS We find a positive and consistent effect of all types of PPS measures on adult daughters', but not adult sons', likelihood of entry into parenthood. The fertility decisions of adult daughters are highly responsive to the prospect of receiving parental support in the form of time or money. CONCLUSIONS Our results reflect the importance of informal support for women's entry into parenthood and highlight gender differences in the perceived and actual costs of becoming parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Pessin
- Department of Sociology and CriminologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Roberta Rutigliano
- Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marina Haddock Potter
- Department of Sociology and CriminologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Clark KC, Kelley SJ, Clark PC. Recruiting custodial grandmothers using Facebook. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:488-494. [PMID: 34644411 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recruitment through Facebook is gaining favor as an approach for research, including clinical trials, because of the platform's ability to reach broad and diverse populations. As older adults increase their social media use, recruitment through Facebook has become a viable option. The purposes of this paper are to report the methodological process and lessons learned from recruiting custodial grandmothers (CGMs) for a cross-sectional study examining parenting self-efficacy and psychological well-being. PARTICIPANTS A total of 113 people consented and accessed the survey online, with 40 (35.4%) completing surveys. The final sample comprised 68 grandmothers, with 59% recruited via Facebook. METHODS Facebook recruitment for the online survey included creating a dedicated Facebook study page, accessing existing Facebook pages for custodial grandparents, and using paid advertising. Face-to-face recruitment strategies also were used with paper surveys. RESULTS We compared the characteristics of those completing online surveys versus paper surveys. CGMs completing the survey online were significantly younger and more likely to be Caucasian than those completing the paper survey. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicated online recruitment via Facebook is an advantageous method to reach CGMs. However, additional research is needed to determine if other online and social media platforms would be useful in recruiting this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Clark
- Southern University and A&M College, College of Nursing and Allied Health, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Susan J Kelley
- Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patricia C Clark
- Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sánchez Gómez MC, Martín-Sevillano R, Martín-Cilleros MV, Marcos JJM, García-Peñalvo FJ. Nurturing Grandchildren With Down Syndrome: A Qualitative Study on Grandparents' Needs Using Digital Tools †. Front Psychol 2021; 12:661205. [PMID: 34589016 PMCID: PMC8473883 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grandparents who have grandchildren with disabilities are an underrepresented group in existing research related to the field. This qualitative phenomenological study’s general purpose is to analyze, from a personal perspective, the situations and needs of grandparents who have grandchildren with Down syndrome. The participants’ ages range from 65 to 85, and the ages of their grandchildren with Down syndrome range from 3 to 21 years. All participants had one grandchild with a disability, except for two, who each had two. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered, and individual interviews were conducted, using open questions, through phone and/or video calls. An analysis of the participants’ speech was carried out, which implied the development of a system of meta-categories and categories. This analysis was developed manually, given the COVID-19 environment. The results indicate a substantial change from negative feelings caused by the knowledge of the diagnosis to feelings related to positive experiences expressed currently. The participants see themselves as a fundamental source of support (informal, instrumental, practical, social, emotional, and economic) for their families and, mainly, for their grandchildren with Down syndrome. A need for information and training was observed when the grandparents talked about first being informed of the diagnosis and their concerns about the future of these grandchildren and their siblings. They made social demands, such as greater government involvement or more significant opportunities to access resources and rights for their grandchildren. The results are discussed, as are possible future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María C Sánchez Gómez
- Department of Didactics, Organization and Research Methods, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Martín-Sevillano
- Department of Didactics, Organization and Research Methods, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María V Martín-Cilleros
- Department of Didactics, Organization and Research Methods, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J J Mena Marcos
- Department of Didactics, Organization and Research Methods, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Objectives: We investigate how caregiving for grandchildren is associated with cognitive function among rural South Africans, and whether the association differs by gender. We further investigate whether measures of physical activity or social engagement mediate this association. Methods: Data were from interviews with 3668 Black, South African grandparents in the "Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa" study, conducted between 2014 and 2015. Results: We find that caregiving grandparents have better cognitive function than non-caregiving grandparents, and this association does not differ by grandparent gender. Although grandchild caregiving is associated with physical activity and social engagement measures, and some of these measures are associated with cognitive function, we do not find conclusive evidence of mediation. Discussion: Providing care for grandchildren may stimulate cognitive function for both grandmothers and grandfathers. Neither physical activity nor social engagement explains the association between caregiving and cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A. Jennings
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meagan T. Farrell
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo H, Ngai SSY. Validation of the Generative Acts Scale-Chinese Version (GAS-C) among Middle-Aged and Older Adults as Grandparents in Mainland China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9950. [PMID: 34639249 PMCID: PMC8508184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the psychometric properties of the 20-item Generative Acts Scale-Chinese version (GAS-C) among middle-aged and older adults as grandparents in mainland China. A total of 1013 grandparents (mean age = 58.32 years; 71.9% female) of children from 12 kindergartens were recruited using multistage cluster random sampling. A four-factor pattern of domestic, agentic, communal, and civic generative acts were identified by exploratory factor analysis and further verified by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Subsequently, multigroup CFA was performed to test the measurement invariance across gender, age group and hukou status at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. The Cronbach's alpha value of the total (0.923) and subscales (range from 0.897 to 0.953) was satisfactory, indicating high internal consistency. Additionally, the significant gender differences in the domestic (male = 3.565, female = 3.718, p < 0.05), communal (male = 2.786, female = 2.591, p < 0.01), and civic subscales (male = 2.112, female = 1.864, p < 0.001) and the significant correlations between the GAS-C total scale and subscales with caregiving intensity (r = 0.433, p < 0.01), positive affect (r = 0.397, p < 0.01) and life satisfaction (r = 0.328, p < 0.01), supported concurrent validity. Overall, this study addressed the knowledge gap by validating a reliable and valid instrument to measure grandparents' generative acts in mainland China, contributing to generativity studies cross-culturally in research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Guo
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China;
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rascón AM, McEwen MM, Crist JD. "My problems aren't their fault": Mexican American women managing diabetes while caring for grandchildren. J Women Aging 2021; 34:745-756. [PMID: 34494937 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.1969861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes affects many aspects of family life for the Mexican American (MA) population. Caregiving grandmothers, the traditional family nurturers, are often simultaneously managing their type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the perceptions of MA grandmothers managing T2DM while caring for a grandchild. Eight participants were interviewed. Participants consistently reported feeling a personal responsibility for their T2DM self-management as well as for the health and wellbeing of their families, including their grandchildren. Regardless of associated caregiving stress, grandchildren were described as the main source of positive motivation for T2DM self-management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliria Muñoz Rascón
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Janice D Crist
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Riem MME, Lodder P, Guo J, Vrielink-Verpaalen M, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, De Carli P. Predictive Models of Maternal Harsh Parenting During COVID-19 in China, Italy, and Netherlands. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:722453. [PMID: 34566722 PMCID: PMC8455908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.722453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically impacted on family life and may have caused parental distress, which in turn may result in an overreliance on less effective parenting practices. Objective: The aim of the current study was to identify risk and protective factors associated with impaired parenting during the COVID-19 lockdown. Key factors predicting maternal harsh discipline were examined in China, Italy, and the Netherlands, using a cross-validation approach, with a particular focus on the role of allomaternal support from father and grandparents as a protective factor in predicting maternal harshness. Methods: The sample consisted of 900 Dutch, 641 Italian, and 922 Chinese mothers (age M = 36.74, SD = 5.58) who completed an online questionnaire during the lockdown. Results: Although marital conflict and psychopathology were shared risk factors predicting maternal harsh parenting in each of the three countries, cross-validation identified a unique risk factor model for each country. In the Netherlands and China, but not in Italy, work-related stressors were considered risk factors. In China, support from father and grandparents for mothers with a young child were protective factors. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the constellation of factors predicting maternal harshness during COVID-19 is not identical across countries, possibly due to cultural variations in support from fathers and grandparents. This information will be valuable for the identification of at-risk families during pandemics. Our findings show that shared childrearing can buffer against risks for harsh parenting during COVID-19. Hence, adopting approaches to build a pandemic-proof community of care may help at-risk parents during future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelon M. E. Riem
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Lodder
- Center of Research on Psychological & Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Michelle Vrielink-Verpaalen
- Center of Research on Psychological & Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pietro De Carli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Muntsant A, Ramírez-Boix P, Leal-Campanario R, Alcaín FJ, Giménez-Llort L. The Spanish Intergenerational Study: Beliefs, Stereotypes, and Metacognition about Older People and Grandparents to Tackle Ageism. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6030087. [PMID: 34562988 PMCID: PMC8482193 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageism can be seen as systematic stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination of people because of their age. For a long time, society has accepted negative stereotypes as a norm. When referring to older adults, the United Nations Global Report on Ageism warns about a severe impact. The Intergenerational Study for a Healthy Aging, a questionnaire about believes, stereotypes, and knowledge about older people and grandparents, was administered to 326 Spanish biology and medical students. Here we report the results of stereotype analysis through adjective qualification of the youth and older people performed before the survey. Content analysis of two open questions about metacognition at the end of the survey is also presented. The results show that: (1) The questionnaire promoted metacognition; (2) Positive metacognition toward grandparents was higher than for the general old population; (3) Most participants were not conscious about ageism; (4) Gender was a key factor—male students were more ageist than females; (5) The feeling of guilt was higher in the questionnaire about older people; (6) The metacognition exercise elicited thoughts and, in few cases, the need to take action to tackle ageism. In conclusion, both activities promoted active thoughts about older people vs. grandparents and helped participants realize unconscious ageism—specifically toward the older population—serving as an awareness activity that may help tackle ageism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Muntsant
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (P.R.-B.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Ramírez-Boix
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (P.R.-B.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Alcaín
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (P.R.-B.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-080193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(93)-5812378
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Valdemoros San Emeterio MÁ, Ponce de León Elizondo A, Alonso Ruiz RA, Sáenz de Jubera Ocón M, Sanz Arazuri E. Grandparents' and Grandchildren's Shared Festive Leisure. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18168850. [PMID: 34444599 PMCID: PMC8392369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Festive leisure provides experiences that can generate intergenerational well-being. The study aimed to examine the festive leisure activities shared by grandparents and grandchildren, and the link with times, spaces, motives, and well-being that these activities bring to both generations. A cross-sectional telematic survey was carried out with 357 grandparents living in the northern part of Spain, who had grandchildren aged between 6 and 12 years. Both a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. A high proportion of grandparents and grandchildren share festive activities, which occur on weekends and holiday periods. Private spaces, such as bars, cafeterias, and restaurants are the ones chosen for going out to eat or drink, and open public spaces like parks, squares, and streets are dedicated to traditional festivals, and are excellent scenarios for coexistence and intergenerational social interaction. The reasons that drive this practice are associated with the strengthening of emotional ties and family intimacy. Grandparents consider the practice of shared festive leisure to be beneficial for their personal development because they perceive that, thanks to this leisure, they improve their creativity, physical condition, their happiness and fun, the relationship with their grandchildren, and develop new manual and technical skills.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chambers SA, Dobbie F, Radley A, Rowa-Dewar N. Grandmothers' care practices in areas of high deprivation of Scotland: the potential for health promotion. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6325629. [PMID: 34293129 PMCID: PMC9067444 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In many families grandparents play an essential role by providing secondary care for grandchildren. The family is a key setting for promoting children’s health; however, studies describing health initiatives with grandparents are rare. Grandparents could play an important role in promoting health for their grandchildren within their families and communities. The aim of this study was to examine the care practices of grandparents in families living in areas of high deprivation, and to consider the extent to which grandparents could be at the centre of health-promoting initiatives for children. A family practices approach was used to examine care practices within the framework of family resource (assets/capitals) use. In-depth interviews were carried out with grandmothers (n = 15) and mothers (n = 15) living in areas of high deprivation in Scotland. The results are presented as three economies of family living—political, moral and emotional. Grandparent care was described as a form of social capital, central to the wellbeing of the families, and enabled parents to access education and employment. Grandparent care was supported through families’ ability to access cultural amenities and green space (political). Grandparents’ care practices were described as either being responsible or fun (moral). Love appeared to be at the centre of grandparents’ care (emotional). The strengths and weaknesses of this framework were examined in relation to developing initiatives with grandparents. With further development work, grandparents could be the focus of health initiatives with their grandchildren with the support of appropriate policies and resources within their communities. In many families, grandparents help by providing childcare. Children’s health is linked to their family’s overall wellbeing and there have been programmes to improve children’s health within the family. These programmes do not usually include grandparents. In this study, we spoke with 15 grandmothers and 15 mothers living in Scotland about the care that grandparents provide to their grandchildren. They described the different ways in which this care was managed in relation to other aspects of family life, like work. Grandmother care was described in two main ways—as either being responsible or as fun. The main driver of grandparent care was emotional—the love grandmothers held for their grandchildren. We consider the ways in which grandparents, with appropriate support from government at different levels, might help promote health in their grandchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Chambers
- School of Social and Political Sciences, Adam Smith Building, 28 Bute Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RS, UK.,MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow G3 7H3, UK
| | - Fiona Dobbie
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Andrew Radley
- Directorate of Public Health, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD1 9AG, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lewandowska M. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Risk for Declared Family History of Diabetes, in Combination with BMI Categories. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18136936. [PMID: 34203509 PMCID: PMC8293805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Whether categories of family history of diabetes can act as independent risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM-1, -2) has not yet been established, and neither has it been established how categories of body mass index (BMI) affect these relationships. A group of 912 women without chronic diseases, recruited in the first trimester, was investigated: 125 (13.7%) women developed GDM-1 (treated with diet); 21 (2.3%) women developed GDM-2 (treated with insulin); and a control group consisted of 766 non-diabetic women. A multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate adjusted odds ratios (AOR (95% confidence intervals)) of GDM-1 and GDM-2 for declared diabetes in the parents or grandparents (separately). These relationships were investigated in the whole cohort and subgroups of pre-pregnancy BMI. (1) Some categories of the family history were independent risk factors of GDM-1 or GDM-2. Compared to ‘absence of diabetes in the family’, women with diabetes in the father had a 3.68-fold increase in GDM-1 risk (AOR-b = 3.68 (2.23–6.07)), and women with diabetes in the mother had a 2.13-fold increase in GDM-1 risk (AOR-b = 2.13 (1.1–4.14)) and a 4.73-fold increase in GDM-2 risk (AOR-b = 4.73 (1.26–17.77)). Women with diabetes in the grandmother had a 2.34-fold increase in GDM-1 risk (AOR-b = 2.34 (1.29–4.24)). (2) The cumulative assessment of diabetes in the parents and/or grandparents was not related to the intensification of the risk of GDM, except for the increased risk of GDM-1 for diabetes in both mother and grandmothers simultaneously (AOR-b = 8.80 (1.16–66.57)), however, this group was very small. (3) The analyses in the subgroups of BMI categories showed that diabetes in the father was also an independent risk factor of GDM in the subgroup of pregnant women with normal BMI. In the subgroups of overweight and/or obesity, the risk of GDM for paternal and maternal diabetes was approximately twice as high as compared to the results of pregnant women with normal BMIs. Additionally, apart from the maternal influence of diabetes, the results suggest a significant influence of diabetes in the father on the risk of GDM, even (interestingly) in lean pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lewandowska
- Medical Faculty, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland;
- Division of Gynecological Surgery, University Hospital, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gur A, Gnaeem-Badran L, Stein MA. The Role of Grandparents in Israeli Muslim Families with Intellectually Disabled Fathers: Social Workers' Perspectives. Soc Work 2021; 66:139-147. [PMID: 33855458 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Within Israeli Muslim society, men with intellectual disabilities are likely to marry nondisabled women through arranged marriages and create families. This article explores the role of grandparents with these families from the perspective of each family's social worker. A thematic analysis was conducted of 19 semistructured interviews with Muslim social workers serving Muslim families with intellectually disabled fathers. Consistent with cultural norms, paternal grandparents are extremely involved in the lives of these couples and hold responsibilities in many aspects of these couples' family lives. Social workers reported that the nondisabled wives, however, viewed the engagement as intrusive and controlling. Maternal grandparents' contributions were crucially supportive, albeit limited by Muslim cultural norms that placed households under paternal family control. Social workers had conflicted feelings regarding paternal grandparent involvement. Social workers working with Muslim fathers with intellectual disabilities should promote supportive paternal grandparent involvement and ensure that such engagement does not undermine the autonomy or well-being of the nondisabled mothers. Practice guidelines are presented.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many individuals comprise a nursing mother's social support network. Grandmothers within African American families, historically, have played a vital role in the transmission of culture. Understanding intergenerational perspectives within African American families related to infant feeding and scholarship about breastfeeding is critical, given the breastfeeding patterns among African American women. RESEARCH AIM To describe intergenerational perspectives within African American families, where the mother has successfully breastfed. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional, qualitative design using semi-structured interviews was used. African American nursing mothers and maternal grandmothers (N = 14) residing in the Metro-St. Louis area, who reflected economic and educational diversity, were recruited. Inductive and iterative data analysis, framed by Black Feminist Theory allowed for emerging patterns reflecting the participants' voices. RESULTS Three of the six (50%) grandmother participants had breastfed. The majority of the mother participants were married (n = 5; 62.5%) and had a college degree (n = 4; 50.0%) or a high school diploma (n = 1; 12.5%); and four (50.0%) had received the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Three patterns emerged: (a) intergenerational connections; (b) changes in breastfeeding experiences over time; and (c) going with the flow (referring to the choice to work within the constraints of one's circumstances). Grandmothers supported mothers' breastfeeding decisions; grandmothers who had breastfed benefited from the updated information the mothers provided; and grandmothers who did not breastfeed acquired new breastfeeding knowledge, which informed the ways they supported the mothers. CONCLUSION The intergenerational perspectives surrounding breastfeeding within African American families participating in this study offer future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Muse
- Mary Muse Consulting, LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Joan E Dodgson
- Editor in Chief, Journal of Human Lactation, Honeoye Falls, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu Q, Xu Y, Jedwab M. Custodial Grandparent's Job Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Relationship With Parenting Stress and Mental Health. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 40:923-933. [PMID: 33870739 DOI: 10.1177/07334648211006222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Involuntary job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic adds challenges, especially for custodial grandparents that are taking care of grandchildren. Grandparents are relatively vulnerable, and they need more attention and support when facing the negative impacts of COVID-19. This study analyzed cross-sectional survey data collected from 234 custodial grandparents via Qualtrics Panels in June 2020 in the United States. After using the propensity score weighting adjustment, results from logistic and ordinary least squares regression showed that compared with grandparents that did not lose their job during the pandemic, grandparents that did had more parenting stress and worse mental health. Moderation analysis also showed that social support was a significant moderator of the relationship between job loss and mental health, but not the relationship between job loss and parenting stress. The findings and implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Parkes A, Chambers S, Buston K. Nonresident Fathers' and Grandparents' Early Years Support and Middle Childhood Socio-Emotional Adjustment. J Marriage Fam 2021; 83:358-374. [PMID: 34880506 PMCID: PMC8629113 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates how different patterns of nonresident father support for children and mothers in the early years predict middle childhood adjustment, and whether grandparent support has compensating effects. BACKGROUND Nonresident fathers' involvement in children's lives benefits socio-emotional adjustment, but it is unclear whether support directed at children is compromised by interparental tensions, or whether other factors may compensate for weaker patterns of father support. METHOD Latent class analyses identified patterns of nonresident father support for single mothers and their 34-month-old child (None 35%, Low 16%, Moderate 21%, High 28%) and grandparent support (Low 15%, Moderate Maternal 33%, High Maternal 43%, High Maternal and Paternal 9%), using a sample of 648 families from the Growing Up in Scotland cohort. Effects of father support on children's internalizing and externalizing problems from age 46 to 122 months were explored (n = 352), together with moderating effects of grandparent support. RESULTS Low, Moderate and No father support had similar estimated effects on higher externalizing and internalizing problem levels, and steeper increases in internalizing problems. Compared to Low grandparent support, High Maternal and Paternal grandparent support reduced effects of weaker father support on both types of problem; and was more protective than High Maternal grandparent support against internalizing problems. CONCLUSION Weaker patterns of nonresident father support in early childhood, characterized by low involvement and interparental tensions or by no contact, were associated with poorer middle childhood adjustment. Support from both sets of grandparents offered children most protection against the effects of weaker father support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Parkes
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow
| | - Stephanie Chambers
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow and School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow
| | - Katie Buston
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Marr C, Reale S, Breeze P, Caton SJ. Grandparental dietary provision, feeding practices and feeding styles when caring for preschool-aged grandchildren: A systematic mixed methods review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13157. [PMID: 33174344 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Grandparents are frequently relied upon to care for their preschool-aged grandchildren. These early years are a crucial age in the development of dietary habits and preferences. This review aims to determine grandparental dietary provision, feeding practices and feeding styles when caring for their preschool-aged grandchildren. Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science were searched in January 2020. A systematic mixed methods approach was used to synthesize the qualitative (n = 13) and quantitative (n = 7) articles describing grandparents' feeding styles (n = 9), feeding practices (n = 14) and dietary provision (n = 18). Grandparents are serving large portion sizes and encouraging their grandchildren to eat frequently. Results are mixed for the types of foods provided; grandparents provide discretionary foods high in sugar and fat, and some also choose more expensive core foods as treats (e.g., berries). Grandparents engage in feeding practices that promote healthy eating (e.g., creating a healthy feeding environment) and promote autonomy and independence (e.g., considering their grandchild's preferences). However, they also use some coercive feeding practices (e.g., using food as a reward) and may be using indulgent feeding styles, which can be conducive to obesogenic dietary intakes. Interventions targeting grandparents could be an effective way to improve dietary-related health outcomes in young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette Marr
- Public Health, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sophie Reale
- Allied Health Professions, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Penny Breeze
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samantha J Caton
- Public Health, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Guarin A. Three-Generation Households in the U.S.: The First Exit After a Child's Birth. Child Youth Serv Rev 2021; 121:105851. [PMID: 35110785 PMCID: PMC8803275 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increased prevalence of three-generation households in the U.S., there is still a limited understanding of the dynamics of dissolution of these households. Using event-history analysis and data drawn from the first five waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and its restricted contextual data, this study describes how long mothers and their newborns spend in three-generation households after the child's birth and whether this duration differs by race and ethnicity. Additionally, it examines the correlates of the first transition out and whether they differ by race and ethnicity. Results indicate that children and their mothers are more likely to experience the first exit between birth and age 1, and a formal test does not find significant differences by race and ethnicity. Several non-economic factors are positively associated with the exit out of three-generation households including a mother's marital status and having a new partner; factors with a negative association include the number of children in the household and whether the focal child is a mother's first kid. Finally, TANF or SNAP receipt and mothers' employment are both positively associated with the first exit out of three-generation households. There are not significant differences in correlates of first exit by race and ethnicity. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Guarin
- School of Government, Universidad de los Andes - Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Background Enhanced female labor force participation is raising the importance of grandparents’ caring for their grandchildren. However, previous studies have reported mixed results of the association between grandchild care and grandparents’ health. Methods Longitudinal data of 33,204 individuals born between 1946 and 1955 were collected from a 14-wave nationwide panel survey conducted from 2005 to 2018. We examined how caring for at least one co-residing grandchild aged <6 years was associated with grandparents’ psychological distress (defined by five or higher Kessler 6 score) and poor self-rated health in pooled cross-sectional, fixed-effects, and 3-year follow-up logistic models. Results While pooled cross-sectional models showed a positive association between grandchild care and grandparents’ health, the fixed-effects or follow-up logistic models did not find any significant association between them. In the case of grandmothers, the odds ratio of reporting psychological distress in response to caring for grandchildren was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.08) and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.85–1.27) observed from fixed-effects and 3-year follow-up models, respectively, compared to 0.86 (95% CI, 0.81–0.91) in the pooled cross-sectional model. Similar patterns were observed for self-rated health for grandmothers, while grandfathers’ health outcomes were not sensitive to grandchild care. These results contrasted with those of caring for parents, which had almost consistently a negative association with grandparents’ health. Conclusion The results suggest that caring for grandchildren does not have a beneficial or detrimental effect on grandparents’ health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oshio
- Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Flury M, Orellana-Rios CL, Bergsträsser E, Becker G. "This is the worst that has happened to me in 86 years": A qualitative study of the experiences of grandparents losing a grandchild due to a neurological or oncological disease. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2021; 26:e12311. [PMID: 32985087 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric palliative care focuses mainly on the children suffering from a life-limiting disease, but always includes parents and siblings. However, grandparents are also often highly involved in caring for the child and require additional attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of grandparents during the end-of-life care and after the death of a grandchild. DESIGN AND METHODS A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was chosen. Fifteen grandparents of 10 children who had died of neurological or oncological diseases were interviewed. Participants were recruited among the families cared by the pediatric palliative care team of a children's hospital in northern Switzerland. Grandparents were interviewed at least 1 year after the death of the grandchild. The data was analyzed employing reconstructive interview analysis. RESULTS Regardless of the child's diagnosis and circumstances of death, the participants described how the child's death had a major impact on them and their entire family. Grandparents felt obligated to support the family and constantly be a source of support for the parents. They bore a heavy psychological burden as they cared and mourned not only for their dying grandchild but also for their own daughter or son. Grandparents struggled with their ability to communicate about disease and death. They tried to process and make sense of their loss by remembering the deceased child. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS These findings emphasize the importance of identifying and understanding grandparents' suffering. Pediatric palliative care teams can achieve this by actively making contact with grandparents, taking their concerns seriously and demonstrating appreciation for their role in supporting the family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Flury
- Pediatric Palliative Care and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia L Orellana-Rios
- Clinic for Palliative Care, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Eva Bergsträsser
- Pediatric Palliative Care and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhild Becker
- Clinic for Palliative Care, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Much of the research exploring the experiences of family caregivers of people with dementia has focussed on spouses and adult children. It is hypothesised that other family members at different life stages and with different family roles may experience and perceive the caregiving role differently. The objective of the current review was to explore the experiences of grandchildren who provide care to a grandparent with dementia. A systematic search of four databases identified 12 studies which met the inclusion criteria. An assessment of quality was completed for each of the included studies. Grandchildren described dementia-related changes, changes to their role and relationship with their grandparent, multiple impacts of caregiving, influences of other family relationships on caregiving and positive aspects of caregiving. Many of the included studies met most of the quality criteria for the respective methodological design; however, there was some variation in quality and sample across included studies. The review indicates that assessments and interventions to incorporate grandchildren and the wider family system may help to support family carers to continue to provide care for grandparents with dementia. The research and clinical implications and limitations of the review are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Venters
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Christina J Jones
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Santini S, Socci M, D’Amen B, Di Rosa M, Casu G, Hlebec V, Lewis F, Leu A, Hoefman R, Brolin R, Magnusson L, Hanson E. Positive and Negative Impacts of Caring among Adolescents Caring for Grandparents. Results from an Online Survey in Six European Countries and Implications for Future Research, Policy and Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6593. [PMID: 32927827 PMCID: PMC7559354 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although up to 8% of European youngsters carry out high-intensity care for a family member, adolescent young carers (AYCs), especially those caring for their grandparents (GrPs), remain an under-researched group. This study aimed at addressing the current knowledge gap by carrying out an online survey in Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The analysis included a final sample of 817 AYCs aged 15-17 years old. AYCs of grandparents (GrPs) were compared to AYCs of other care recipients (OCRs), in order to identify any difference in positive and negative caregiving outcomes and exposure factors between the two groups. Linear or logistic regression models were built, and multivariate analyses were repeated, including a fixed effect on the country variable. AYCs of GrPs experienced more positive caregiving outcomes than AYCs of OCRs across all six countries. Being female or non-binary, and having a migration background, were associated with more negative outcomes, regardless of the relationship with the care recipient. Further research on intergenerational caregiving outcomes is recommended for shaping measures and policies, which preserve the intergenerational emotional bonds, whilst protecting AYCs from inappropriate responsibilities, undermining their mental health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santini
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Aging, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Via Santa Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Marco Socci
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Aging, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Via Santa Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Barbara D’Amen
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Aging, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Via Santa Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (B.D.)
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Via Santa Margherita 5, 60124 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giulia Casu
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valentina Hlebec
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva pl. 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot. 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Feylyn Lewis
- School of Education and Social Work, University of Sussex, Essex House 121, Brighton BN1 9QQ, UK;
| | - Agnes Leu
- Careum School of Health, University of Applied Sciences, Pestalozzistrasse 3, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland;
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renske Hoefman
- The Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP), Postbus 16164, 2500 BD De Hague, The Netherlands;
| | - Rosita Brolin
- Department Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden; (R.B.); (L.M.); (E.H.)
- The Swedish Family Care Competence Centre, Strömgatan 13, SE-39232 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lennart Magnusson
- Department Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden; (R.B.); (L.M.); (E.H.)
- The Swedish Family Care Competence Centre, Strömgatan 13, SE-39232 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Hanson
- Department Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden; (R.B.); (L.M.); (E.H.)
- The Swedish Family Care Competence Centre, Strömgatan 13, SE-39232 Kalmar, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Golding J, Gregory S, Matthews S, Smith D, Suarez-Perez A, Bowring C, Iles Caven Y, Birmingham K, Pembrey M, Suderman M, Northstone K. Ancestral childhood environmental exposures occurring to the grandparents and great-grandparents of the ALSPAC study children. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:207. [PMID: 33043146 PMCID: PMC7527864 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16257.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cohort studies tend to be designed to look forward from the time of enrolment of the participants, but there is considerable evidence that the previous generations have a particular relevance not only in the genes that they have passed on, their cultural beliefs and attitudes, but also in the ways in which previous environmental exposures may have had non-genetic impacts, particularly for exposures during fetal life or in childhood. Methods: To investigate such non-genetic inheritance, we have collected information on the childhoods of the ancestors of the cohort of births comprising the original Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The data collected on the study child's grandparents and great grandparents comprise: (a) countries of birth; (b) years of birth; (c) age at onset of smoking; (d) whether the ancestral mothers smoked during pregnancy; (e) social class of the household; (f) information on 19 potentially traumatic situations in their childhoods such as death of a parent, being taken into care, not having enough to eat, or being in a war situation; (g) causes of death for those ancestors who had died. The ages at which the individual experienced the traumatic situations distinguished between ages <6; 6-11, and 12-16 years. The numbers of ancestors on which data were obtained varied from 1128 paternal great-grandfathers to 4122 maternal great grandmothers. These ancestral data will be available for analysis to bona fide researchers on application to the ALSPAC Executive Committee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Steven Gregory
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sarah Matthews
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Daniel Smith
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Claire Bowring
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles Caven
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Karen Birmingham
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus Pembrey
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sheard C, Bowern C, Dockum R, Jordan FM. Pama-Nyungan grandparent systems change with grandchildren, but not cross-cousin terms or social norms. Evol Hum Sci 2020; 2:e30. [PMID: 35663513 PMCID: PMC7612801 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2020.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinship is a fundamental and universal aspect of the structure of human society. The kinship category of 'grandparents' is socially salient, due to grandparents' investment in the care of the grandchildren as well as to older generations' control of wealth and cultural knowledge, but the evolutionary dynamics of grandparent terms has yet to be studied in a phylogenetically explicit context. Here, we present the first phylogenetic comparative study of grandparent terms by investigating 134 languages in Pama-Nyungan, an Australian family of hunter-gatherer languages. We infer that proto-Pama-Nyungan had, with high certainty, four separate terms for grandparents. This state then shifted into either a two-term system that distinguishes the genders of the grandparents or a three-term system that merges the 'parallel' grandparents, which could then transition into a different three-term system that merges the 'cross' grandparents. We find no support for the co-evolution of these systems with either community marriage organisation or post-marital residence. We find some evidence for the correlation of grandparent and grandchild terms, but no support for the correlation of grandparent and cross-cousin terms, suggesting that grandparents and grandchildren potentially form a single lexical category but that the entire kinship system does not necessarily change synchronously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sheard
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TQ, UK
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1UU, UK
| | - Claire Bowern
- Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven. CT06520, USA
| | - Rikker Dockum
- Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven. CT06520, USA
| | - Fiona M. Jordan
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1UU, UK
| |
Collapse
|