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Dimitrov I, Stankova T, Angelova P, Boyadjiev N, Georgieva K, Dimov I, Bivolarska A, Draganova M, Gerginska F, Daskalova E, Gramatikov V, Delchev S. Diet-Induced Early Inflammatory Response of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Healthy Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1184. [PMID: 38674875 PMCID: PMC11053711 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to abnormal growth of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), increased macrophage infiltration, and altered secretion of biologically active molecules. This is considered as a precondition for the development of obesity, inflammation, and obesity-related disorders. Therefore, we studied HFD-induced changes in the tissue levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, and interleukin-4 in healthy male Wistar rats. The animals were first divided at random into two groups subjected to either a standard or a high-fat diet. The initial effect of the diet was evaluated after fourteen weeks. In order to study the diet duration effect, the standard diet was given to twelve animals from the HFD group, while the remaining continued with the HFD for an additional four weeks. Our results showed that the HFD barely affected body mass index, conicity, relative fat mass, and Lee indices, whereas it provoked adipocyte hypertrophy and gradually increased the levels of both the pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. The switch from the high-fat to the standard diet resulted in the comparatively fast restoration of the baseline levels of the studied molecules. Although, the prolonged consumption of an HFD causes adipocyte hypertrophy in healthy male animals, the inflammatory process in VAT is well-coordinated, time-dependent, and reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Dimitrov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Teodora Stankova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Penka Angelova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (K.G.)
| | - Nikolay Boyadjiev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (K.G.)
| | - Katerina Georgieva
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (K.G.)
| | - Ivica Dimov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Milena Draganova
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Fanka Gerginska
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.G.); (E.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Elena Daskalova
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.G.); (E.D.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Slavi Delchev
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (F.G.); (E.D.); (S.D.)
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Liu T, Wang H, Liu J, Tan R, Chen L, Liang X, Li A, Qi C, Wang Z. Electroacupuncture can Modify Stress, Low-Grade Inflammation in the Duodenum, and Damage to the Intestinal Barrier in Rats with Functional Dyspepsia through the CRF Signaling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:CCHTS-EPUB-139641. [PMID: 38591200 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073306526240403063736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the domain of functional gastrointestinal disorders, Functional Dyspepsia (FD) stands out due to its widespread occurrence internationally. Historically, electroacupuncture (EA) has been employed as a therapeutic modality for FD, demonstrating notable clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVES This research aimed to delve into the impact of EA on stress responses, minor duodenal inflammatory processes, and the integrity of the intestinal barrier within FD-affected rodent models while also elucidating the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats were evenly distributed into three cohorts: a normal, a modeled FD, and an EA treatment group. The FD condition in the rats, barring those in the normal, was induced through a series of multifactorial procedures. For the EA cohort, the rats received electroacupuncture at the acupoints RN12 (Zhongwan) and ST36 (Zusanli) for 20 minutes daily over a span of one week. The gastric residue rate (GRR), intestinal propulsion rate (IPR), and changes in emotional state were measured in each group of rats. Additionally, serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT) were detected, and the duodenal inflammatory condition and intestinal mucosal barrier status were observed through staining and fluorescence. The expression levels of Claudin-1, Junctional Adhesion Molecule 1 (JAM-1), Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF), and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (CRF-R1) were also detected. RESULTS The study demonstrated that EA had a positive effect on body weight and food intake, GRR, and IPR in FD rats. Additionally, the EA group showed a decrease in serum levels of CRH, ACTH, and CORT, as well as a decrease in the number of duodenal mast cells and tryptase content. Furthermore, the expression of tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and JAM-1 was increased in the EA group compared to the model group. EA also reduced the levels of CRF and CRF-R1 in the hypothalamus and duodenum. CONCLUSION EA has been shown to improve the stress state of FD rats, inhibit the activation of mast cells in the duodenum, and reduce low-grade inflammatory response and damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. It is believed that EA achieves these effects by modulating the expression of CRF and its receptors in the brain-gut interaction pathway through the CRF signaling pathway. This provides a new approach to treating FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,
Changchun, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ruirui Tan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xurong Liang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ailin Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chenxi Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Kopczyńska J, Kowalczyk M. The potential of short-chain fatty acid epigenetic regulation in chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380476. [PMID: 38605957 PMCID: PMC11008232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation, often occurring together, significantly contribute to severe metabolic and inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. A key player is elevated levels of gut dysbiosis-associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which disrupts metabolic and immune signaling leading to metabolic endotoxemia, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) beneficially regulate these processes during homeostasis. SCFAs not only safeguard the gut barrier but also exert metabolic and immunomodulatory effects via G protein-coupled receptor binding and epigenetic regulation. SCFAs are emerging as potential agents to counteract dysbiosis-induced epigenetic changes, specifically targeting metabolic and inflammatory genes through DNA methylation, histone acetylation, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). To assess whether SCFAs can effectively interrupt the detrimental cascade of obesity and inflammation, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence for their clinical application. The review emphasizes factors influencing SCFA production, the intricate connections between metabolism, the immune system, and the gut microbiome, and the epigenetic mechanisms regulated by SCFAs that impact metabolism and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Nyström T, Schwarz E, Dahlqvist S, Wijkman M, Ekelund M, Holmer H, Bolinder J, Hellman J, Imberg H, Hirsch IB, Lind M. Evaluation of Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Physical Activity Habits and Blood Lipid Levels in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Managed With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial (GOLD 8). J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:89-98. [PMID: 35677967 PMCID: PMC10899843 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with type 1 diabetes generally view it easier to exercise when having continuous information of the glucose levels. We evaluated whether patients with type 1 diabetes managed with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) exercised more after initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and whether the improved glycemic control and well-being associated with CGM translates into improved blood lipids and markers of inflammation. METHOD The GOLD trial was a randomized cross-over trial over 16 months where patients used either CGM or capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) over six months, with a four-month wash-out period between the two treatment periods. We compared grade of physical activity, blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels during CGM and SMBG. RESULTS There were 116 patients with information of physical activity estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) during both CGM and SMBG. No changes were found during CGM or SMBG, IPAQ scores 3305 versus 3878 (P = .16). In 136 participants with information of blood lipid levels with no change in lipid-lowering medication during the two treatment periods, HbA1c differed by 4.2 mmol/mol (NGSP 0.39%) between SMBG and CGM treatment (P < .001). No significant changes existed in low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B1, or hsCRP, during CGM and SMBG. CONCLUSION Although many patients experience it easier to perform physical activity when monitoring glucose levels with CGM, it does not influence the amount of physical activity in persons with type 1 diabetes. Blood lipids, apolipoprotein, and hsCRP levels were similar during CGM and SMBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sofia Dahlqvist
- Department of Medicine, NU-Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wijkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ekelund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helen Holmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centralsjukhuset, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Jan Bolinder
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jarl Hellman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Imberg
- Statistiska Konsultgruppen, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irl B. Hirsch
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcus Lind
- Department of Medicine, NU-Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fedulovs A, Pahirko L, Jekabsons K, Kunrade L, Valeinis J, Riekstina U, Pīrāgs V, Sokolovska J. Association of Endotoxemia with Low-Grade Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome and Distinct Response to Lipopolysaccharide in Type 1 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3269. [PMID: 38137490 PMCID: PMC10740930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of endotoxemia with metabolic syndrome (MS) and low-grade inflammation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is little-studied. We investigated the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), endogenous anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb IgG and IgM) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in 74 T1D patients with different MS statuses and 33 control subjects. Within the T1D group, 31 patients had MS. These subjects had higher levels of LPS compared to patients without MS (MS 0.42 (0.35-0.56) or no MS 0.34 (0.3-0.4), p = 0.009). MS was associated with LPS/HDL (OR = 6.5 (2.1; 20.0), p = 0.036) and EndoCAb IgM (OR = 0.32 (0.11; 0.93), p = 0.036) in patients with T1D. LBP (β = 0.30 (0.09; 0.51), p = 0.005), EndoCAb IgG (β = 0.29 (0.07; 0.51), p = 0.008) and the LPS/HDL ratio (β = 0.19 (0.03; 0.41, p = 0.084) were significantly associated with log-transformed hsCRP in T1D. Higher levels of hsCRP and EndoCAb IgG were observed in T1D compared to the control (p = 0.002 and p = 0.091, respectively). In contrast to the situation in the control group, LPS did not correlate with LBP, EndoCAb, leukocytes or HDL in T1D. To conclude, endotoxemia is associated with low-grade inflammation, MS and a distinct response to LPS in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksejs Fedulovs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.F.); (K.J.); (L.K.); (U.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Leonora Pahirko
- Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (L.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.F.); (K.J.); (L.K.); (U.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Liga Kunrade
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.F.); (K.J.); (L.K.); (U.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Jānis Valeinis
- Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (L.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.F.); (K.J.); (L.K.); (U.R.); (V.P.)
| | - Valdis Pīrāgs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.F.); (K.J.); (L.K.); (U.R.); (V.P.)
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelizaveta Sokolovska
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (A.F.); (K.J.); (L.K.); (U.R.); (V.P.)
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Calabrese FM, Celano G, Riezzo G, D’Attoma B, Ignazzi A, Di Chito M, Sila A, De Nucci S, Rinaldi R, Linsalata M, Vacca M, Apa CA, De Angelis M, Giannelli G, De Pergola G, Russo F. Metabolomic Profiling of Obese Patients with Altered Intestinal Permeability Undergoing a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:5026. [PMID: 38140285 PMCID: PMC10745951 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy intestinal permeability facilitates the selective transport of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, involving cellular, neural, hormonal, and immune factors. An altered intestinal permeability indicates pathologic phenotypes and is associated with the exacerbation of obesity and related comorbidities. To investigate the impact of altered permeability in obese patients undergoing a calorie-restrictive dietary regimen (VLCKD), we collected urinary and fecal samples from obese patients with both normal and altered permeability (determined based on the lactulose/mannitol ratio) before and after treatment. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) aids in understanding the metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota in this unique ecological niche. Furthermore, we examined clinical and anthropometric variables from the cohort and compared them to significant VOC panels. Consequently, we identified specific markers in the metabolomics data that differentiated between normal and altered profiles before and after the diet. These markers indicated how the variable contribution specifically accounted for interleukins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The targeted metabolomics experiment detected no differences in measured short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). In summary, our study evaluated metabolomic markers capable of distinguishing low-grade inflammation conditions, exacerbated in more advanced stages of obesity with altered intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Riezzo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Benedetta D’Attoma
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonia Ignazzi
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Di Chito
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Annamaria Sila
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Sara De Nucci
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Michele Linsalata
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Carmen Aurora Apa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Francesco Russo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
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Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Sentinelli F, Chiappetta C, Di Cristofano C, Silecchia G, Leonetti F, Baroni MG, Cavallo MG. Reduced Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) Levels Are Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Adipose Inflammation in Human Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17174. [PMID: 38139003 PMCID: PMC10742626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its binding protein LBP have emerged as potential contributors to the progression from overweight/obesity to overt metabolic diseases and NAFLD. While LPS is known to activate hepatocyte inflammation, thus contributing toward NAFLD development, the role of LBP is more intricate, and recent data have shown that experimental reduction in hepatic LBP promotes NAFLD progression. In this cross-sectional investigation, we evaluated circulating LBP in relation to obesity, NAFLD, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We recruited 186 individuals (M/F: 81/105; age: 47 ± 10.4 years; BMI: 35.5 ± 8.6 kg/m2); a subgroup (n = 81) underwent bariatric surgery with intra-operative VAT and liver biopsies. LBP levels were higher in obese individuals than non-obese individuals but were inversely correlated with the parameters of glucose metabolism. Reduced LBP predicted T2D independent of age, sex, and BMI (p < 0.001). LBP levels decreased across more severe stages of hepatosteatosis and lobular inflammation, and were inversely associated with VAT inflammation signatures. In conclusion, LBP levels are increased in obese individuals and are associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and lower NAFLD/NASH prevalence. A possible explanation for these findings is that hepatic LBP production may be triggered by chronic caloric excess and facilitate LPS degradation in the liver, thus protecting these individuals from the metabolic consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (F.A.C.)
| | - Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (F.A.C.)
| | - Federica Sentinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Chiappetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (C.D.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (C.D.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, St Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (C.D.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Marco Giorgio Baroni
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Neuroendocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Gisella Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (F.A.C.)
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Wang D, Zhang J, Yang D, Wang J, Li J, Han Y, Kang Z, Zhang H. Electroacupuncture restores intestinal mucosal barrier through TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway in functional dyspepsia-like rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2927-2938. [PMID: 34713984 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with high morbidity. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been applied to treat FD for a long time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EA and its mechanism about intestinal mucosal barrier in rodent model of FD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group and the model group. Then, the rats in model group were established to the FD model by multifactor interventions. In Experiment 1, qualified FD-like rats were randomly divided into three groups: FD, EA, and acupuncture (AP) groups. The interventions of EA and AP lasted 14 days, food intake, and body weight were recorded every 5 days. In Experiment 2, qualified FD-like rats were randomly divided into five groups: FD, EA, AP, EA + TAK242, and TAK242 groups. The interventions of EA and AP lasted 14 days, while TAK242 injection continued for 6 days. The rats were sacrificed for the measurement of serum Interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) assayed by ELISA. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, TRAF6, ZO-1, and occludin in the duodenum. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells. Compared with the rats in the group FD, the rats in EA group had significantly increase of body weight, food intake, and protein expressions of ZO-1 and occludin, while expressions of TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, TRAF6 in the duodenum and IL-6, and TNF-α in serum were decreased. The EA + TAK242 treatment had similar effects to the EA treatment but with increased potency; compared with EA, AP showed similar but reduced effects. Our data demonstrated that EA is more effective than AP in improving intestine mucosal barrier. The possible mechanisms of EA may involve the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daye Yang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Junying Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongli Han
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Kang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Vesković M, Šutulović N, Hrnčić D, Stanojlović O, Macut D, Mladenović D. The Interconnection between Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-The Transition from an Adipocentric to Liver-Centric Approach. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9084-9102. [PMID: 37998747 PMCID: PMC10670061 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The central mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of MAFLD is insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, which stimulates triglyceride synthesis and accumulation in the liver. On the other side, triglyceride and free fatty acid accumulation in hepatocytes promotes insulin resistance via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipotoxicity, and the increased secretion of hepatokines. Cytokines and adipokines cause insulin resistance, thus promoting lipolysis in adipose tissue and ectopic fat deposition in the muscles and liver. Free fatty acids along with cytokines and adipokines contribute to insulin resistance in the liver via the activation of numerous signaling pathways. The secretion of hepatokines, hormone-like proteins, primarily by hepatocytes is disturbed and impairs signaling pathways, causing metabolic dysregulation in the liver. ER stress and unfolded protein response play significant roles in insulin resistance aggravation through the activation of apoptosis, inflammatory response, and insulin signaling impairment mediated via IRE1/PERK/ATF6 signaling pathways and the upregulation of SREBP 1c. Circadian rhythm derangement and biological clock desynchronization are related to metabolic disorders, insulin resistance, and NAFLD, suggesting clock genes as a potential target for new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance involved in NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology “Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nikola Šutulović
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Š.); (D.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Š.); (D.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Š.); (D.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology “Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Wu JH, Liu XL, Lu N, Wang R, Yin FZ, Lu Q, Ma CM. Height-Corrected Definition of Metabolic Syndrome Is a Simple and Effective Method for Identifying Insulin Resistance and Low-Grade Inflammation in Adolescents: Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1350-1360. [PMID: 36856151 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231156751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the height-corrected definition of metabolic syndrome(MetS) in adolescents. A retrospective study was conducted on US adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Waist-to-height ratio and blood pressure-to-height ratio were substituted for waist circumference and blood pressure when defining MetS in adolescents. The proportions of insulin resistance of adolescents with 1 (30.1%), 2 (50.7%), and ≥3 components (77.8%) of MetS were 2.578 (P < .001), 6.882 (P < .001), and 23.992 (P < .001) times than the proportion of adolescents without the component of MetS (14.2%). The proportions of low-grade inflammation of adolescents with 1 (3.4%), 2 (5.3%), and ≥3 components (14.4%) of MetS were 2.050 (P = .106), 3.699 (P = .005), and 10.664 (P < .001) times than the proportion of adolescents without the component of MetS (1.7%). This study demonstrates that height-corrected definition of MetS is a simple and accurate method for identifying insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Fu-Zai Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Chun-Ming Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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11
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Lin XY, Lai YX, Lin Y, Lin ZH. Low-grade inflammation for predicting severe acute pancreatitis in patients with hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:562-569. [PMID: 37796144 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the association between low-grade inflammation (LGI) and the severity of hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 311 patients with HTG-AP who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital between April 2012 and March 2021. Inpatient medical and radiological records were reviewed to collect the clinical manifestations, disease severity, and comorbidities. C-reactive protein (CRP) level, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet (PLT) count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were considered LGI components and were combined to calculate a standardized LGI score. The association between the LGI score and the severity of HTG-AP was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 311 patients with HTG-AP, 47 (15.1%) had mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), 184 (59.2%) had moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP), and 80 (25.7%) had severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), respectively. Patients with MSAP and SAP had a higher LGI score than those with MAP (1.50 vs -6.00, P < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with LGI scores in the fourth quartile were more likely to have MSAP and SAP (odds ratio [OR] 21.925, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.014-95.867, P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that low calcium (OR 0.105, 95% CI 0.011-0.969, P = 0.047) and high LGI score (OR 1.253, 95% CI 1.066-1.473, P = 0.006) were associated with MSAP and SAP. When predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis, the LGI score had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.7737) compared to its individual components. CONCLUSION An elevated LGI score was associated with a higher risk of SAP in patients with HTG-AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yong Xing Lai
- Department of Gerontology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi Hui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Borja-Magno AI, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Guevara-Cruz M, Arias C, Granados J, Bourges H, Tovar AR, Sears B, Noriega LG, Gómez FE. Supplementation with EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids improves peripheral immune cell mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in subjects with obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 120:109415. [PMID: 37437746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (w-3 FA) have anti-inflammatory effects and improve mitochondrial function. Nonetheless, little is known about their effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in individuals with obesity. Thus, this study aimed to determine the mitochondrial bioenergetics status and cell subset composition of PBMCs during obesity, before and after 1 month supplementation with w-3 FA. We performed a case-control study with twelve women with normal BMI (lean group) and 19 with grade 2 obesity (obese group), followed by a before-after prospective study where twelve subjects with obesity received a 1 month intervention with 5.25 g of w-3 FA (3.5 g eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and 1.75 g docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids), and obtained PBMCs from all participants. Mitochondrial bioenergetic markers, including basal and ATP-production associated respiration, proton leak, and nonmitochondrial respiration, were higher in PBMCs from the obese group vs. the lean group. The bioenergetic health index (BHI), a marker of mitochondrial function, was lower in the obese vs. the lean group. In addition, Th1, Th2, Th17, CD4+ Tregs, CD8+ Tregs, and Bregs, M1 monocytes and pDCreg cells were higher in PBMCs from the obese group vs. the lean group. The w-3 FA intervention improved mitochondrial function, mainly by decreasing nonmitochondrial respiration and increasing the reserve respiratory capacity and BHI. The intervention also reduced circulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory lymphocyte and monocytes subsets in individuals with obesity. The mitochondrial dysfunction of PBMCs and the higher proportion of peripheral pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cells in subjects with obesity, improved with 1 month supplementation with EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica I Borja-Magno
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Department of Genomics Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio Granados
- Department of Transplants, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hector Bourges
- Divission of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Barry Sears
- Inflammation Research Foundation, Peabody, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Enrique Gómez
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Qu Y, Park SH, Dallas DC. Evaluating the Potential of Casein Glycomacropeptide in Adult Irritable Bowel Syndrome Management: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4174. [PMID: 37836457 PMCID: PMC10574033 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that affects 10-15% of the global population and presents symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, bloating and altered bowel habits. IBS is believed to be influenced by gut microbiota alterations and low-grade inflammation. Bovine kappa-casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), a bioactive dairy-derived peptide, possesses anti-adhesive, prebiotic and immunomodulatory properties that could potentially benefit IBS patients. This pilot study investigated the effects of daily supplementation with 30 g of GMP for three weeks on gut health in five people with IBS. We assessed alterations in gut microbiota composition, fecal and blood inflammatory makers, and gut-related symptoms before, during and after the GMP feeding period. The results revealed no changes in fecal microbiota, subtle effects on systemic and intestinal immune makers, and no changes in gut-related symptoms during and after the GMP supplementation. Further research is needed to assess the potential benefits of GMP in IBS patients, including the examination of dosage and form of GMP supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Qu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - David C. Dallas
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Ranneh Y, Fadel A, Md Akim A, Idris I, Ilesanmi-Oyelere BL, Ismail LC. Effect of Dietary Fiber Supplementation on Metabolic Endotoxemia: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:84. [PMID: 37736967 PMCID: PMC10514783 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic endotoxemia (ME) is the main cause of sub-clinical chronic inflammation, which subsequently triggers the onset of several chronic diseases. However, recent reports have indicated that dietary fiber (DF) contributes significantly to ameliorating ME and inflammation. This protocol aims to provide an outline of all procedures in synthesizing the available data on the effect of DF against ME. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for preparing protocols, this protocol was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number (CRD42023417833). In this review, we specifically focused on the inclusion of clinical trials that met the following criteria: they were published or available as preprints, employed random, quasi-random, or cross-over designs, and were exclusively documented in the English language. Clinical medical subject headings (MeSH) as search terms were used on prominent databases such as MEDLINE, COCHRANE library, PubMed, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platforms, and US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register Clinicaltrials.gov. Results and discussion: This protocol will guide the exploration of articles that report changes in ME biomarkers in subjects supplemented with DF. The findings of this protocol will ensure a comprehensive evaluation of available evidence, provide a quantitative summary, identify patterns and trends, enhance statistical power, and address heterogeneity, which collectively will clarify the optimal types, doses, and duration of DF interventions for managing ME and low-grade inflammation. Ethics and dissemination: The quantitative data of clinical trials will be collected, and a meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan V.5.3 software. Therefore, no ethical approval is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Ranneh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Abdah Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Iskandar Idris
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3NE, UK;
| | | | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 72772, United Arab Emirates;
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Aguilar-Núñez D, Hamed-Hamed D, Aguilar-García M, Cuevas-Cervera M, Pérez-Montilla JJ, González-Muñoz A, Pruimboom L, Navarro-Ledesma S. Adhesive Capsulitis of the Ankle (Frozen Ankle): An Infrequent Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2461. [PMID: 37760901 PMCID: PMC10650681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesive capsulitis, characterized by progressive fibrosis, causes a gradual, painful loss of both active and passive articular motion, leading to the final contracture of the joint capsule. The condition commonly referred to as "frozen ankle" (FA), which Goldman was the first to use, relates to the ankle joint and is challenging to both diagnose and treat. Data acquired from people who suffer from this type of damage in other joints such as the shoulder, hip, and wrist also exists. Despite the fact that a well-defined model for the medical management of FA does not exist, a wide spectrum of local treatments, both surgical and non-surgical, exist. This review gives an overview of the current scientific position of the frozen ankle in terms of evolutionary factors, etiology, the different mechanisms of action involved, current treatment options, and other possible interventions based on recent discoveries of pathophysiological mechanisms. The application of extracorporeal shockwave therapy, stretching exercises, and corticosteroid injections combined with physical therapy modalities that enhance pain management, range of motion, and functional capacity is highly advisable for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as "frozen joints". Furthermore, the addition of interventions both impacting and analyzing chronic hypoxia, low-grade inflammation, and sedentary life is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aguilar-Núñez
- Department of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Penalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Dina Hamed-Hamed
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (M.A.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (J.J.P.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - María Aguilar-García
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (M.A.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (J.J.P.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - María Cuevas-Cervera
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (M.A.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (J.J.P.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - José Javier Pérez-Montilla
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (M.A.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (J.J.P.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Ana González-Muñoz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (M.A.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (J.J.P.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
- Clinica Ana Gonzalez, Avenida Hernan Nuñez de Toledo 6, 29018 Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Querol Street, 5, 52004 Melilla, Spain; (D.H.-H.); (M.A.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (J.J.P.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
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Hutcherson CW, Mao M, Thakur B, Dhaher YY. Low-Grade Inflammatory Mediators and Metalloproteinases Yield Synchronous and Delayed Responses to Mechanical Joint Loading. Cartilage 2023:19476035231193089. [PMID: 37614184 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231193089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical loading is an essential factor for the maintenance of joint inflammatory homeostasis and the sensitive catabolic-anabolic signaling cascade involved in maintaining cartilage tissue health. However, abnormal mechanical loading of the joint structural tissues can propagate joint metabolic dysfunction in the form of low-grade inflammation. To date, few studies have attempted to delineate the early cascade responsible for the initiation and perpetuation of stress-mediated inflammation and cartilage breakdown in human joints. DESIGN Fifteen healthy human male participants performed a walking paradigm on a cross-tilting treadmill platform. Blood samples were collected before exercise, after 30 minutes of flat walking, after 30 minutes of tilted walking, and after an hour of rest. Serum concentrations of the following biomarkers were measured: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, transforming growth factor beta (TGF)-β, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP)-1, and cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP). RESULTS Luminex Multiplex analysis of serum showed increased concentrations of COMP, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β from samples collected after flat and cross-tilted treadmill walking compared to baseline. Serum concentrations of MMP-1 and MMP-13 also increased, but primarily in samples collected after tilted walking. Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the expression of COMP, TNF-α, IL-10, and MMP-13 at each study timepoint. CONCLUSION Stress-mediated increases in serum COMP during exercise are associated with acute changes in pro and anti-inflammatory molecular activity and subsequent changes in molecules linked to joint tissue remodeling and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner W Hutcherson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bhaskar Thakur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Population and Data sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yasin Y Dhaher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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17
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Yu Q, Yu F, Li Q, Zhang J, Peng Y, Wang X, Li T, Yin N, Sun G, Ouyang H, Chen Y, Mine Y, Tsao R, Zhang H. Anthocyanin-Rich Butterfly Pea Flower Extract Ameliorating Low-Grade Inflammation in a High-Fat-Diet and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:11941-11956. [PMID: 37526116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the enhancive effects of butterfly pea flower (BF) extracts on metabolic and immune homeostasis in a low-grade inflammation mouse model. The BF extract was found to contain mainly anthocyanins among other flavonoids. BF supplementation alleviated metabolic endotoxemia by lowering the plasma glucose, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels and restored lipid metabolism and the balance between Treg and Th17 cells, thereby inhibiting the dysfunctional liver and abdominal white adipose tissues. BF extract increased the tight junction protein expression and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, therefore sustaining the colonic mucosa structure. Furthermore, BF extracts reshaped the gut microbiota structure characterized by significantly promoted SCFA-producing gut microbiota such as Akkermansia and Butyricicoccaceae. Additionally, BF extracts enhanced fecal primary bile acid (BA) levels and modulated bile acid signaling in the liver and ileum to facilitate BA synthesis for the restoration of lipid metabolism. In summary, anthocyanin-enriched BF extracts alleviated the profound negative dietary alterations and helped maintain the metabolic health by modulating the various aspects of the gut microenvironment and enhancing hepatic bile acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Fengyao Yu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - You Peng
- Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ning Yin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Genlin Sun
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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Armas-Padrón AM, Sicilia-Sosvilla M, Ruiz-Esteban P, Torres A, Hernández D. Association between Cardiovascular Health, C-Reactive Protein, and Comorbidities in Spanish Urban-Dwelling Overweight/Obese Hypertensive Patients. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:300. [PMID: 37504556 PMCID: PMC10380879 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between poorer cardiovascular health metrics (CVHM) plus low-grade inflammation (LGI) and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) and hypertension-related comorbidities (HRC) in hypertensive populations with an overweight/obese (Ow/Ob) hypertension-related phenotype is understudied. We examined the relationship between the CVHM score and the presence of LGI and Ow/Ob hypertension-associated phenotype morbidities and mortality in 243 hypertensive patients from an urban primary care center. We recorded the baseline CVHM score plus clinical data, including hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) and prevalent and incident HMOD-HRC and death. A total of 26 (10.7%) had a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2, 95 (31.1%) were overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), and 122 (50.2%) were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). There were 264 cases of HMOD-HRC and 9 deaths. Higher hs-CRP levels were observed as BMI increased. Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between BMI and hs-CRP, adjusted for confounders. Additionally, individuals with a higher hs-CRP tertile had a significant increase in BMI. Significantly lower log hs-CRP levels were found as the number of ideal CVHM scores rose. Multivariate binary logistic regression found the risk of HMOD-HRC increased significantly as the ideal CVHM scores decreased, and hs-CRP levels also correlated with HMOD-HRC in the whole cohort and in the Ow and Ob subpopulations. These findings highlight the need for early intervention targeting ideal CVHMs among hypertensive individuals with an Ow/Ob phenotype in order to attenuate the inflammatory state and prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Armas-Padrón
- La Cuesta Primary Healthcare Centre, Universidad de la Laguna, La Laguna, E-38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam Sicilia-Sosvilla
- La Cuesta Primary Healthcare Centre, Universidad de la Laguna, La Laguna, E-38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Ruiz-Esteban
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, University of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) Plataforma BIONAND, REDinREN (RD16/0009/0006) and RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0012), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Armando Torres
- Nephrology Department, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas-Universidad La Laguna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, REDinREN (RD16/0009/0031), E-38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Domingo Hernández
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, University of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) Plataforma BIONAND, REDinREN (RD16/0009/0006) and RICORS2040 (RD21/0005/0012), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
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19
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Paavilainen E, Niinikoski H, Parkkola R, Koskensalo K, Nikkinen H, Veijola R, Vääräsmäki M, Loo BM, Tossavainen P, Rönnemaa T, Tertti K. Metformin versus insulin for gestational diabetes: Adiposity variables and adipocytokines in offspring at age of 9 years. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110780. [PMID: 37331522 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare body composition, visceral adiposity, adipocytokines, and low-grade inflammation markers in prepubertal offspring of mothers who were treated with metformin or insulin for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS 172 offspring of 311 mothers randomized to receive metformin (n=82) or insulin (n=90) for GDMwere studied at 9 years of age (follow-up rate 55%). Measurements included anthropometrics, adipocytokines, markers of the low-grade inflammation, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic liver spectrometry (MRS), and whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Serum markers of low-grade inflammation, visceral adipose tissue volume, total fat percentage, and liver fat percentage were similar between the study groups. Serum adiponectin concentration was higher in children in the metformin group compared to insulin group (median 10.37 vs 9.50 µg/ml, p = 0.016). This difference between groups was observed in boys only (median 12.13 vs 7.50 µg/ml, p<0.001). Leptin/adiponectin-ratio was lower in boys in the metformin group than in the insulin group (median 0.30 vs 0.75; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Maternal metformin treatment for GDM had no effects on adiposity, body composition, liver fat, or inflammation markers in prepubertal offspring compared to maternal insulin treatment but was associated with higher adiponectin concentration and lower leptin/adiponectin-ratio in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Paavilainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hilkka Nikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Vääräsmäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Britt-Marie Loo
- Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Tertti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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20
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Saud Gany SL, Chin KY, Tan JK, Aminuddin A, Makpol S. Curcumin as a Therapeutic Agent for Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112526. [PMID: 37299489 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and functions as we age. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is underlined by oxidative stress and inflammation. As such, it is reasonable to suggest that a natural compound with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities could prevent sarcopenia. Curcumin, a natural compound derived from turmeric with both properties, could benefit muscle health. This review aims to summarise the therapeutic effects of curcumin on cellular, animal, and human studies. The available evidence found in the literature showed that curcumin prevents muscle degeneration by upregulating the expression of genes related to protein synthesis and suppressing genes related to muscle degradation. It also protects muscle health by maintaining satellite cell number and function, protecting the mitochondrial function of muscle cells, and suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, it is noted that most studies are preclinical. Evidence from randomised control trials in humans is lacking. In conclusion, curcumin has the potential to be utilised to manage muscle wasting and injury, pending more evidence from carefully planned human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Liyana Saud Gany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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21
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Kicińska AM, Maksym RB, Zabielska-Kaczorowska MA, Stachowska A, Babińska A. Immunological and Metabolic Causes of Infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1567. [PMID: 37371662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility has been recognized as a civilizational disease. One of the most common causes of infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Closely interrelated immunometabolic mechanisms underlie the development of this complex syndrome and lead to infertility. The direct cause of infertility in PCOS is ovulation and implantation disorders caused by low-grade inflammation of ovarian tissue and endometrium which, in turn, result from immune and metabolic system disorders. The systemic immune response, in particular the inflammatory response, in conjunction with metabolic disorders, insulin resistance (IR), hyperadrenalism, insufficient secretion of progesterone, and oxidative stress lead not only to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, and lipid metabolism disorders but also to infertility. Depending on the genetic and environmental conditions as well as certain cultural factors, some diseases may occur immediately, while others may become apparent years after an infertility diagnosis. Each of them alone can be a significant factor contributing to the development of PCOS and infertility. Further research will allow clinical management protocols to be established for PCOS patients experiencing infertility so that a targeted therapy approach can be applied to the factor underlying and driving the "vicious circle" alongside symptomatic treatment and ovulation stimulation. Hence, therapy of fertility for PCOS should be conducted by interdisciplinary teams of specialists as an in-depth understanding of the molecular relationships and clinical implications between the immunological and metabolic factors that trigger reproductive system disorders is necessary to restore the physiology and homeostasis of the body and, thus, fertility, among PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maria Kicińska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Radoslaw B Maksym
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Żelazna 90, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena A Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Babińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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22
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Meert L, Mertens MG, Meeus M, Vervullens S, Baert I, Beckwée D, Verdonk P, Smeets RJEM. Identification of Metabolic Factors and Inflammatory Markers Predictive of Outcome after Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20105796. [PMID: 37239524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify metabolic factors and inflammatory markers that are predictive of postoperative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcome. METHOD A systematic search of the existing literature was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase until the 1st of August 2022. Studies that evaluated the influence of metabolic or inflammatory markers (I) on postsurgical outcome (O) in end-stage knee osteoarthritis patients awaiting primary TKA (P) were included in this review. RESULTS In total, 49 studies were included. Risk of bias of the included studies was low for one study, moderate for 10 studies and high for the remaining 38 studies. Conflicting evidence was found for the influence of body mass index, diabetes, cytokine levels and dyslipidaemia on pain, function, satisfaction and quality of life at more than six months after TKA. CONCLUSIONS Several limitations such as not taking into account known confounding factors, the use of many different outcome measures and a widely varying follow-up period made it challenging to draw firm conclusions and clinical implications. Therefore large-scaled longitudinal studies assessing the predictive value of metabolic and inflammatory factors pre-surgery in addition to the already evidenced risk factors with follow-up of one year after TKA are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Meert
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Pain in Motion, International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Gcam Mertens
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Pain in Motion, International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Pain in Motion, International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vervullens
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Pain in Motion, International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel Baert
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Pain in Motion, International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Beckwée
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Rehabilitation Research (RERE) Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy (KIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Verdonk
- Antwerp Orthopaedic Center, AZ Monica Hospitals, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rob J E M Smeets
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University and CIR Revalidatie, 5628 WB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Tristan Asensi M, Napoletano A, Sofi F, Dinu M. Low-Grade Inflammation and Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061546. [PMID: 36986276 PMCID: PMC10058108 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation alters the homeostasis of the organism and favors the onset of many chronic diseases. The global growth in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in recent years has been accompanied by an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF). Known to be hyperpalatable, economic and ready-to-eat, increased consumption of UPF has already been recognized as a risk factor for several chronic diseases. Different research groups have tried to investigate whether UPF consumption could promote low-grade inflammation and thus favor the development of noncommunicable diseases. Current evidence highlights the adverse health effects of UPF characteristics, not only due to the nutrients provided by a diet rich in UPF, but also due to the non-nutritive components present in UPF and the effect they may have on gut health. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the possible relationship between excessive UPF consumption and modulation of low-grade inflammation, as potential promoters of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tristan Asensi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonia Napoletano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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24
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Sharma AK, Sharma A, Lal S, Kumar A, Yadav NK, Tabassum F, Sayeed Akhtar M, Tarique Imam M, Saeed Almalki Z, Mukherjee M. Dysbiosis versus diabesity: pathological signaling and promising therapeutic strategies. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103558. [PMID: 36948384 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
A healthy life depends on the inseparable relationship between a host and the gut microbiota. A healthy gut microbiota regulates intestinal integrity, whereas an unbalanced gut microbiota contributes to junctional remodeling and leads to dysbiosis. Bacterial infiltration and dysbiosis are reported to activate a series of pathological cascades that trigger metabolic abnormalities, including diabesity. Conversely, recent studies revealed that the incidence of dysbiosis itself is fuelled by diabesity. In this review, we highlight the molecular aspects of multifaceted pathological signaling between dysbiosis and diabetes that could pave the way for new drug discovery. Moreover, to reinstate the gut microbiota and restrict the epidemic of dysbiosis and diabesity, we also scrutinize a promising therapeutic strategy that can challenge the pathological interlink. Teaser: Dysbiosis and diabesity are closely related and can influence each other. Dysbiosis can worsen diabesity, whereas diabesity can affect the gut microbiota. Thus, to prevent and treat diabesity, it is important to understand this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Akash Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India; Joint second authors
| | - Samridhi Lal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India; Joint second authors
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India; Joint second authors.
| | - Nirmala K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indra Gandhi University, Meerpur Rewari, Haryana 122502, India; Joint second authors
| | - Fauzia Tabassum
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private College, Al Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Saeed Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Laboratory, Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
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25
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江 胜, 沈 彬. [Research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 37:371-376. [PMID: 36940999 PMCID: PMC10027516 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202212037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective To introduce the research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis (OA), focus on the possible mechanism of gut microbiota dysbiosis promoting OA, and propose a new therapeutic direction. Methods The domestic and foreign research literature on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and OA was reviewed. The role of the former in the occurrence and development of OA and the new ideas for the treatment of OA were summarized. Results The gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of OA mainly in three aspects. First, the gut microbiota dysbiosis destroys intestinal permeability and causes low-grade inflammation, which aggravate OA. Secondly, the gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of OA through metabolic syndrome. Thirdly, the gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the development of OA by regulating the metabolism and transport of trace elements. Studies have shown that improving gut microbiota dysbiosis by taking probiotics and transplanting fecal microbiota can reduce systemic inflammation and regulate metabolic balance, thus treating OA. Conclusion Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to the development of OA, and improving gut microbiota dysbiosis can be an important idea for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- 胜虎 江
- 四川大学华西医院骨科研究所 骨科(成都 610041)Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - 彬 沈
- 四川大学华西医院骨科研究所 骨科(成都 610041)Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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26
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Di Nardo G, Cremon C, Staiano A, Stanghellini V, Borrelli O, Strisciuglio C, Romano C, Mallardo S, Scarpato E, Marasco G, Salvatore S, Zenzeri L, Felici E, Pensabene L, Sestito S, Francavilla R, Quitadamo P, Baldassarre M, Giorgio V, Tambucci R, Ziparo C, Parisi P, Barbaro MR, Barbara G. Role of inflammation in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14365. [PMID: 35340083 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IBS affects a large number of children throughout the world and is thought to be the result of disturbed neuroimmune function along with the brain-gut axis. Although the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are not clear, the role of low-grade inflammation and mucosal immune activation in IBS symptom generation has become evident also in subsets of pediatric patients. Animal models provided meaningful insight in the causal relationship between abnormal mucosal immune activation and changes in gastrointestinal (GI) sensory-motor function. Likewise, the development of long-standing GI symptoms fulfilling the current criteria for functional GI disorders after infection gastroenteritis and in patients with IBD or celiac disease in remission further supports this hypothesis. Immune activation, its impact on gut sensory-motor function, and potential implications for symptom generation emerged in both children and adults with IBS. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to summarize the main evidence on the presence of low-grade inflammation and immune activation in children with IBS, its possible role in symptom generation, and its potential implication for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Nardo
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, "Federico II", University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Saverio Mallardo
- Pediatric Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena Scarpato
- Department of Translational Medical Science, "Federico II", University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marasco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Pediatric Department, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Letizia Zenzeri
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Pediatric Emergency Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Felici
- Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency Unit, "Umberto Bosio" Center for Digestive Diseases, The Children Hospital, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Pediatric Section, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Quitadamo
- Department of Pediatrics, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariella Baldassarre
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Renato Tambucci
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Ziparo
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Murga-Garrido SM, Ulloa-Pérez EJ, Díaz-Benítez CE, Orbe-Orihuela YC, Cornejo-Granados F, Ochoa-Leyva A, Sanchez-Flores A, Cruz M, Castañeda-Márquez AC, Plett-Torres T, Burguete García AI, Lagunas-Martínez A. Virulence Factors of the Gut Microbiome Are Associated with BMI and Metabolic Blood Parameters in Children with Obesity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0338222. [PMID: 36786619 PMCID: PMC10101034 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03382-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of metabolic diseases is linked to the gut microbiota. A cross-sectional study involving 45 children (6 to 12 years old) was conducted to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and childhood obesity. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements, food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), and feces samples were obtained. Using the body mass index (BMI) z-score, we categorized each participant as normal weight (NW), or overweight and obese (OWOB). We determined 2 dietary profiles: one with complex carbohydrates and proteins (pattern 1), and the other with saturated fat and simple carbohydrates (pattern 2). The microbial taxonomic diversity and metabolic capacity were determined using shotgun metagenomics. We found differences between both BMI groups diversity. Taxa contributing to this difference, included Eubacterium sp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Dialister, Monoglobus pectinilyticus, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Bacteroides intestinalis, Bacteroides uniformis, and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Metabolic capacity differences found between NW and OWOB, included the amino acid biosynthesis pathway, the cofactor, carrier, and vitamin biosynthesis pathway, the nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis and degradation pathways, the carbohydrate-sugar degradation pathway, and the amine and polyamine biosynthesis pathway. We found significant associations between taxa such as Ruminococcus, Mitsuokella multacida, Klebsiella variicola, and Citrobacter spp., metabolic pathways with the anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary data. We also found the microbiome's lipooligosaccharide (LOS) category as differentially abundant between BMI groups. Metabolic variations emerge during childhood as a result of complex nutritional and microbial interactions, which should be explained in order to prevent metabolic illnesses in adolescence and maturity. IMPORTANCE The alteration of gut microbiome composition has been commonly observed in diseases involving inflammation, such as obesity and metabolic impairment. Inflammatory host response in the gut can be a consequence of dietary driven dysbiosis. This response is conducive to blooms of particular bacterial species, adequate to survive in an inflammatory environment by means of genetical capability of utilizing alternative nutrients. Understanding the genomic and metabolic contribution of microbiota to inflammation, including virulence factor prevalence and functional potential, will contribute to identifying modifiable early life exposures and preventive strategies associated with obesity risk in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Murga-Garrido
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- PECEM (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E. J. Ulloa-Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C. E. Díaz-Benítez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Y. C. Orbe-Orihuela
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - F. Cornejo-Granados
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - A. Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - A. Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - M. Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. C. Castañeda-Márquez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - T. Plett-Torres
- PECEM (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. I. Burguete García
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - A. Lagunas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Georgiou AC, Twisk JWR, Crielaard W, Ouwerling P, Schoneveld AH, van der Waal SV. The influence of apical periodontitis on circulatory inflammatory mediators in peripheral blood: A prospective case-control study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:130-145. [PMID: 36284462 PMCID: PMC10098678 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the influence of apical periodontitis (AP) on inflammatory markers in blood of otherwise healthy individuals and to depict the inflammatory profile of the healing after dental extraction. METHODOLOGY This is a prospective case-control intervention study, during which, individuals with a diagnosis of AP of one affected tooth were included, along with a control group matched for age and gender. A broad panel of blood inflammatory mediators was examined longitudinally in all subjects during six visits. In the case of the AP subjects, the tooth with AP was extracted at the third visit. Results were analysed by linear regression analyses and linear mixed-model analyses. RESULTS A total of 53 subjects were included in the study, 27 with AP and 26 without. Fifteen females and 12 males were included in the AP group, and 14 females and 12 males in the control group. At baseline, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (p < .001), interleukin (IL)-1β (p = .03) and IL-4 (p = .01) were significantly lower in AP subjects than in controls. Comparison of the differences between baseline and the last visit, i.e. 3 months after the tooth extraction, showed a significant reduction in IL-10 (p = .03) and IL-12p70 (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS The immunologic profile of chronic AP in one tooth and its healing profile reveals a systemic low-grade inflammation through compensatory immunosuppression. A larger lesion or multiple lesions could disrupt the balance that the system is trying to maintain, resulting in loss of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Christina Georgiou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ouwerling
- Tandheelkundig Centrum Molenvliet, Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan H Schoneveld
- Division LAB, Department Central Diagnostic Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzette Veronica van der Waal
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Andreozzi F, Di Fatta C, Spiga R, Mannino GC, Mancuso E, Averta C, De Caro C, Tallarico M, Leo A, Citraro R, Russo E, De Sarro G, Sesti G. Glucagon induces the hepatic expression of inflammatory markers in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:556-569. [PMID: 36305474 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon exerts multiple hepatic actions, including stimulation of glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis. The liver plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation by synthesizing proinflammatory molecules, which are thought to contribute to insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia. Whether glucagon affects hepatic expression of proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants is unknown. Herein, we report a positive relationship between fasting glucagon levels and circulating interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.252, p = .042), IL-6 (r = 0.230, p = .026), fibrinogen (r = 0.193, p = .031), complement component 3 (r = 0.227, p = .024) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.230, p = .012) in individuals without diabetes. In CD1 mice, 4-week continuous treatment with glucagon induced a significant increase in circulating IL-1β (p = .02), and IL-6 (p = .001), which was countered by the contingent administration of the glucagon receptor antagonist, GRA-II. Consistent with these results, we detected a significant increase in the hepatic activation of inflammatory pathways, such as expression of NLRP3 (p < .02), and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB; p < .02) and STAT3 (p < .01). In HepG2 cells, we found that glucagon dose-dependently stimulated the expression of IL-1β (p < .002), IL-6 (p < .002), fibrinogen (p < .01), complement component 3 (p < .01) and C-reactive protein (p < .01), stimulated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (p < .01) and caspase-1 (p < .05), induced the phosphorylation of TRAF2 (p < .01), NF-κB (p < .01) and STAT3 (p < .01). Preincubating cells with GRA-II inhibited the ability of glucagon to induce an inflammatory response. Using HepaRG cells, we confirmed the dose-dependent ability of glucagon to stimulate the expression of NLRP3, the phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT3, in the absence of GRA-II. These results suggest that glucagon has proinflammatory effects that may participate in the pathogenesis of hyperglycaemia and unfavourable cardiometabolic risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Fatta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Averta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Tallarico
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Polak-Szczybyło E. Low-Grade Inflammation and Role of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Childhood Obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20031682. [PMID: 36767041 PMCID: PMC9914259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, pediatric obesity is a significant public health concern. We have seen a surge of disorders that are obesity-related, e.g., insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune disorders and many more. The mechanisms linking these diseases to excess body weight are related to low-grade inflammation (LGI). Although there is a limited number of studies assessing this immune process in childhood obesity, they indicate its significant importance for the health of future generations. There is a need for more research into the prevention and treatment of low-grade inflammation in childhood. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the process of "cold" inflammation, and its impact on health and anti-inflammation nutrition. A diet rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients may be the key to maintaining health, as well as recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Polak-Szczybyło
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, College for Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Xuan Nguyen K, Bui Minh T, Dinh HT, Viet Tran T, Dinh Le T, Phi Thi Nguyen N, Tran TTH, Hien Vu T, Ho Thi Nguyen L, Trung Nguyen K, Huy Thong N, Do K, Nguyen TK, Nguyen Dao H, Tien Nguyen S. Low-Grade Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Maternal Insulin Resistance and Fetal Growth Indices. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1429-1436. [PMID: 37114073 PMCID: PMC10126719 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s408856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI) plays a role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). LGI, on the one hand, promotes insulin resistance and at the same time, affects fetal development. The study aimed to use clinically feasible means to evaluate the association between maternal LGI and maternal insulin resistance and fetal growth indices by ultrasound in the third trimester. Methods A crossectional and descriptive study on 248 first-time diagnosed GDM in Vietnam. Results Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) indices were significantly higher in GDM than in normal glucose-tolerant pregnancies (p = 0.048 and 0.016, respectively). GDM with LGI witnessed significantly higher systolic blood pressure, BMI, HbA1c, and significantly lower quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) than those without LGI. After adjusting for maternal BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), age, and parity, C-reactive protein (CRP) was positively correlated with HOMA2-IR (B=0.13, p<0.01) and Mathews index (B=0.29, p<0.01). Regarding fetal characteristics, LGI was associated with fetal growth indices in the third trimester of GDM. NLR was negatively correlated with estimated fetal weight (EFW) (B=-64.4, p<0.05) after adjusting for maternal BMI and FPG. After adjusting for maternal BMI, FPG, age, and parity, PLR was negatively correlated with biparietal diameter (B=-0.02, p<0.01) and abdominal circumference (AC) (B=-0.16, p<0.05), and EFW (B=-1.1, p<0.01), and head circumference (HC) (B=-0.06, p<0.01); CRP was negatively correlated with AC (B=-0.16, p<0.001), EFW (B=-85.3, p<0.001), and HC (B=-5.0, p<0.001). Conclusion In the third trimester, LGI was associated with maternal glucose and insulin resistance in GDM. Moreover, LGI was associated with fetal characteristics in ultrasonic images. There were negative correlations between LGI and fetal developmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Military Medical Command and Organization, Vietnam Medical Military University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Bui Minh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Trung Dinh
- Department of Requested Treatment, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
- National Hospital of Endocrinology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Viet Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Dinh Le
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga Phi Thi Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Hoa Tran
- Department of Requested Treatment, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Hien Vu
- Department of Requested Treatment, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Lan Ho Thi Nguyen
- Department of Requested Treatment, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Kien Trung Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Thong
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Do
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Kien Nguyen
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen Dao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Son Tien Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
- Correspondence: Son Tien Nguyen, Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung Street, Phuc La Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi City, Vietnam, Email
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Poulsen VR, Fischer LK, Aadahl M, Mortensen OS, Skou ST, Jørgensen LB, Jepsen R, Møller A, Petersen TL, Brønd JC, Tang L, Korshøj M. The association between physical activity, low-grade inflammation, and labour market attachment among people with multimorbidity: A cross-sectional study from the Lolland-Falster Health Study, Denmark. J Multimorb Comorb 2023; 13:26335565231195510. [PMID: 37621316 PMCID: PMC10447179 DOI: 10.1177/26335565231195510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Aim Evidence suggests low-grade inflammation (LGI) to be associated with multimorbidity. Furthermore, there are links between inflammation markers, physical activity (PA), and labour market participation. The aims of this study were to examine the association between PA and LGI in people with multimorbidity and if this association was moderated by self-reported labour market attachment. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected in the Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS) from 2016-2020. We included 1,106 participants with multimorbidity and valid accelerometer data. PA was measured as the average counts per minute (CPM) per day during wake time and split in time spent in moderate to vigorous intensity (MVPA) and light intensity (LPA). Degree of inflammation was determined by high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level. Associations were investigated using multiple logistic regression analyses, stratified by labour market attachment. Results The odds of having LGI was higher with lower amount of daily LPA. The highest odds of LGI was observed for CPM < 200 per day (odds ratio (OR) 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-4.43), MVPA < 15 minutes per day (OR 2.97; 95 % CI 1.56-5.62), and LPA < 90 (OR 2.89; 95 % CI 1.43-5.81) with the reference groups being CPM ≥ 400 per day, MVPA ≥ 30, and LPA ≥ 180 min per day, respectively. We could not preclude an interaction between LPA and labour market attachment (p = 0.109). Conclusion PA recommendations should be developed with attention to people with chronic diseases, who may experience barriers to reach PA at high intensities. People with no labour market attachment may benefit from primary and secondary prevention of multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Rueskov Poulsen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, a part of Copenhagen University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Linda Kjær Fischer
- Department of Strategy and Plan, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Steen Mortensen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, a part of Copenhagen University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren T Skou
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Jørgensen
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Randi Jepsen
- Lolland-Falster Health Study, Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Anne Møller
- Centre of Research and Education in General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Primary Health Care Research Unit, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Therese Lockenwitz Petersen
- Lolland-Falster Health Study, Centre for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F. Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Tang
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- The Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Korshøj
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, a part of Copenhagen University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Naumovs V, Groma V, Mednieks J. From Low-Grade Inflammation in Osteoarthritis to Neuropsychiatric Sequelae: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, osteoarthritis (OA), a common, multifactorial musculoskeletal disease, is considered to have a low-grade inflammatory pathogenetic component. Lately, neuropsychiatric sequelae of the disease have gained recognition. However, a link between the peripheral inflammatory process of OA and the development of neuropsychiatric pathology is not completely understood. In this review, we provide a narrative that explores the development of neuropsychiatric disease in the presence of chronic peripheral low-grade inflammation with a focus on its signaling to the brain. We describe the development of a pro-inflammatory environment in the OA-affected joint. We discuss inflammation-signaling pathways that link the affected joint to the central nervous system, mainly using primary sensory afferents and blood circulation via circumventricular organs and cerebral endothelium. The review describes molecular and cellular changes in the brain, recognized in the presence of chronic peripheral inflammation. In addition, changes in the volume of gray matter and alterations of connectivity important for the assessment of the efficacy of treatment in OA are discussed in the given review. Finally, the narrative considers the importance of the use of neuropsychiatric diagnostic tools for a disease with an inflammatory component in the clinical setting.
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Savolainen L, Timpmann S, Mooses M, Medijainen L, Tõnutare L, Ross F, Lellsaar M, Piir A, Zilmer M, Unt E, Ööpik V. Vitamin D Supplementation Has No Impact on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, but Improves Inflammatory Status in Vitamin D Deficient Young Men Engaged in Resistance Training. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245302. [PMID: 36558461 PMCID: PMC9787541 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the effect of vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) are conflicting. A possible source of discrepancies in the literature is the heterogeneity in baseline Vit-D status among participants in previous studies. The main objectives of the present study were to assess the impact of Vit-D supplementation on VO2max and inflammatory status in Vit-D deficient young healthy men. Participants (n = 39, baseline serum Vit-D level < 50 nmol/L) were quasi-randomly assigned to one of the two groups, which, in a double-blind manner, supplemented their diet daily with either Vit-D (8000 IU; VD) or placebo (PLC) and concomitantly performed a 12-week supervised resistance training program. During the 12-week intervention, serum Vit-D concentrations increased 3.9-fold (p < 0.001) in the VD group while no changes occurred in the PLC group. Baseline VO2max did not differ in the two groups and remained unchanged during the intervention. Serum interleukin-10/tumour necrosis factor alpha ratio increased significantly (30%, p = 0.007; effect size 0.399) in VD but not in PLC group. In conclusion, 12-week Vit-D supplementation increases serum 25(OH)D levels and improves inflammatory status, but has no impact on VO2max in Vit-D deficient young men engaged in resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Savolainen
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Saima Timpmann
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Mooses
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luule Medijainen
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lisette Tõnutare
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Frederik Ross
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Märt Lellsaar
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anneli Piir
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
- Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 1a Puusepa St., 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vahur Ööpik
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +372-7-375-366
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Su L, Zeng Y, Li G, Chen J, Chen X. Quercetin improves high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites in C57BL/6J mice. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4558-4572. [PMID: 35906097 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation, which has been linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. We hypothesized that quercetin supplementation would alter gut microbiota and reduce inflammation in obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice, 4 weeks of age, were divided into 3 groups, including a low-fat diet group, a high-fat diet (HFD) group, and a high-fat diet plus quercetin (HFD+Q) group. The mice in HFD+Q group were given 50 mg per kg BW quercetin by gavage for 20 weeks. The body weight, fat accumulation, gut barrier function, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue inflammation were determined in mice. 16 s rRNA amplicon sequence and non-targeted metabolomics analysis were used to explore the alteration of gut microbiota and metabolites. We found that quercetin significantly alleviated HFD-induced obesity, improved glucose tolerance, recovered gut barrier function, and reduced adipose tissue inflammation. Moreover, quercetin ameliorated HFD-induced gut microbiota disorder by regulating the abundance of gut microbiota, such as Adlercreutzia, Allobaculum, Coprococcus_1, Lactococcus, and Akkermansia. Quercetin influenced the production of metabolites that were linked to alterations in obesity-related inflammation and oxidative stress, such as Glycerophospho-N-palmitoyl ethanolamine, sanguisorbic acid dilactone, O-Phospho-L-serine, and P-benzoquinone. Our results demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of quercetin may be mediated through regulation in gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guokun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Szallasi A. Dietary Capsaicin: A Spicy Way to Improve Cardio-Metabolic Health? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121783. [PMID: 36551210 PMCID: PMC9775666 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Today's sedentary lifestyle with too much food and too little exercise has made metabolic syndrome a pandemic. Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. New knowledge of medical and nutraceutical intervention in the early stages of metabolic syndrome is central to prevent these deadly complications. People who eat chili pepper on a regular basis seem to stay healthier and live longer than those who do not. Animal experiments suggest a therapeutic potential for dietary capsaicin, the active principle in hot chili pepper, to reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This is an attractive theory since capsaicin has been a culinary staple for thousands of years, and is generally deemed safe when consumed in hedonically acceptable doses. The broad expression of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 in metabolically active tissues lends experimental support to this theory. This review critically evaluates the available experimental and clinical evidence for and against dietary capsaicin being an effective dietary means to improve cardio-metabolic health. It comes to the conclusion that although a chili pepper-rich diet is associated with a reduced risk of dying due to cardiovascular disease, dietary capsaicin has no clear effect on blood glucose or lipid profiles. Therefore, the reduced mortality risk may reflect the beneficial action of digested capsaicin on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Szallasi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Ryyti R, Hämäläinen M, Leppänen T, Peltola R, Moilanen E. Phenolic Compounds Known to Be Present in Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Enhance Macrophage Polarization towards the Anti-Inflammatory M2 Phenotype. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36551801 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are pleiotropic immune cells whose phenotype can polarize towards the pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 direction as a response to environmental changes. In obesity, the number of macrophages in adipose tissue is enhanced, and they shift towards the M1 phenotype. Activated M1 macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines involved in the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, complicating obesity. Polyphenols are widely found in the vegetable kingdom and have anti-inflammatory properties. We and others have recently found that lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) supplementation is able to prevent the development of low-grade inflammation and its metabolic consequences in experimentally induced obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of twelve phenolic compounds known to be present in lingonberry (resveratrol, piceid, quercetin, kaempferol, proanthocyanidins, delphinidin, cyanidin, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid) on macrophage polarization, which is a meaningful mechanism determining the low-grade inflammation in obesity. Mouse J774 and human U937 macrophages and commercially available phenolic compounds were used in the studies. Three of the twelve compounds investigated showed an effect on macrophage polarization. Resveratrol, kaempferol, and proanthocyanidins enhanced anti-inflammatory M2-type activation, evidenced as increased expression of Arg-1 and MRC-1 in murine macrophages and CCL-17 and MRC-1 in human macrophages. Resveratrol and kaempferol also inhibited pro-inflammatory M1-type activation, shown as decreased expression of IL-6, NO, and MCP-1 in murine macrophages and TNF-α and IL-6 in human macrophages. In the further mechanistic studies, the effects of the three active compounds were investigated on two transcription factors important in M2 activation, namely on PPARγ and STAT6. Resveratrol and kaempferol were found to enhance PPARγ expression, while proanthocyanidins increased the phosphorylation of STAT6. The results suggest proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, and kaempferol as active constituents that may be responsible for the positive anti-inflammatory effects of lingonberry supplementation in obesity models. These data also extend the previous knowledge on the anti-inflammatory effects of lingonberry and encourage further studies to support the use of lingonberry and lingonberry-based products as a part of a healthy diet.
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Parksepp M, Haring L, Kilk K, Taalberg E, Kangro R, Zilmer M, Vasar E. A Marked Low-Grade Inflammation and a Significant Deterioration in Metabolic Status in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:983. [PMID: 36295885 PMCID: PMC9610466 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate how schizophrenia spectrum disorders and applied long-term (5.1 years) antipsychotic (AP) treatment affect the serum level of acylcarnitines (ACs), cytokines and metabolic biomarkers and to characterize the dynamics of inflammatory and metabolic changes in the early course of the disorder. A total of 112 adults participated in the study (54 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 58 control subjects). Biomolecule profiles were measured at the onset of first-episode psychosis and 0.6 years and 5.1 years after the initiation of APs. The results of the present study confirmed that specific metabolic-inflammatory imbalance characterizes AP-naïve patients. Short-term (0.6-years) AP treatment has a favourable effect on psychotic symptoms, as well as the recovery of metabolic flexibility and resolution of low-level inflammation. However, 5.1 years of AP treatment resulted in weight gain and increased serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, hexoses, acetylcarnitine, short-chain ACs (C3, C4) and long-chain ACs (C16:2, C18:1, C18:2). In conclusion, despite the improvement in psychotic symptoms, 5.1 years of AP treatment was accompanied by a pronounced metabolic-inflammatory imbalance, which was confirmed by the presence of enhanced pro-inflammatory activity and increased obesity with changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madis Parksepp
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50417 Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Clinic of Viljandi Hospital, 71024 Viljandi, Estonia
| | - Liina Haring
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50417 Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, 50417 Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalle Kilk
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Egon Taalberg
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raul Kangro
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, 51009 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
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Vonaesch P, Araújo JR, Gody JC, Mbecko JR, Sanke H, Andrianonimiadana L, Naharimanananirina T, Ningatoloum SN, Vondo SS, Gondje PB, Rodriguez-Pozo A, Rakotondrainipiana M, Kandou KJE, Nestoret A, Kapel N, Djorie SG, Finlay BB, Wegener Parfrey L, Collard JM, Randremanana RV, Sansonetti PJ; Afribiota Investigators. Stunted children display ectopic small intestinal colonization by oral bacteria, which cause lipid malabsorption in experimental models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209589119. [PMID: 36197997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209589119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an inflammatory syndrome postulated to contribute to stunted child growth and to be associated with intestinal dysbiosis and nutrient malabsorption. However, the small intestinal contributions to EED remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess changes in the proximal and distal intestinal microbiota in the context of stunting and EED and to test for a causal role of these bacterial isolates in the underlying pathophysiology. We performed a cross-sectional study in two African countries recruiting roughly 1,000 children aged 2 to 5 years and assessed the microbiota in the stomach, duodenum, and feces. Upper gastrointestinal samples were obtained from stunted children and stratified according to stunting severity. Fecal samples were collected. We then investigated the role of clinical isolates in EED pathophysiology using tissue culture and animal models. We find that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is extremely common (>80%) in stunted children. SIBO is frequently characterized by an overgrowth of oral bacteria, leading to increased permeability and inflammation and to replacement of classical small intestinal strains. These duodenal bacterial isolates decrease lipid absorption in both cultured enterocytes and mice, providing a mechanism by which they may exacerbate EED and stunting. Further, we find a specific fecal signature associated with the EED markers fecal calprotectin and alpha-antitrypsin. Our study shows a causal implication of ectopic colonization of oral bacterial isolated from the small intestine in nutrient malabsorption and gut leakiness in vitro. These findings have important therapeutic implications for modulating the microbiota through microbiota-targeted interventions.
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Ortiz-López N, Fuenzalida C, Dufeu MS, Pinto-León A, Escobar A, Poniachik J, Roblero JP, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Beltrán CJ. The immune response as a therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954869. [PMID: 36300120 PMCID: PMC9589255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder considered a liver-damaging manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence has increased in the last decades due to modern-day lifestyle factors associated with overweight and obesity, making it a relevant public health problem worldwide. The clinical progression of NAFLD is associated with advanced forms of liver injury such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As such, diverse pharmacological strategies have been implemented over the last few years, principally focused on metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD progression. However, a variable response rate has been observed in NAFLD patients, which is explained by the interindividual heterogeneity of susceptibility to liver damage. In this scenario, it is necessary to search for different therapeutic approaches. It is worth noting that chronic low-grade inflammation constitutes a central mechanism in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, associated with abnormal composition of the intestinal microbiota, increased lymphocyte activation in the intestine and immune effector mechanisms in liver. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge about the role of the immune response in NAFLD development. We have focused mainly on the impact of altered gut-liver-microbiota axis communication on immune cell activation in the intestinal mucosa and the role of subsequent lymphocyte homing to the liver in NAFLD development. We further discuss novel clinical trials that addressed the control of the liver and intestinal immune response to complement current NAFLD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ortiz-López
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Fuenzalida
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Dufeu
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Araceli Pinto-León
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Poniachik
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Roblero
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucía Valenzuela-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll J. Beltrán
- Laboratory of Immunogastroenterology, Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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41
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Li X, Ren K, Hong X, Guo S, Yu S, Yang S. Ameliorating effects of electroacupuncture on the low-grade intestinal inflammation in rat model of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1963-1974. [PMID: 35959628 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aim to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST25 and ST37 on the intestinal low-grade inflammation (LGI) in rat model of Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). METHODS IBS-D model rats were established by acetic acid enema combined with restraint and tail clamping. Before EA intervention, they were divided into three groups: blank 1 group, blank 2 group, and IBS-D model group. Diarrhea symptoms and visceral pain sensitivity were evaluated. After constructed the model successfully, the remaining IBS-D model group rats were randomly divided into model group and EA group. Local intestinal inflammation (HE staining), changes of intestinal mucosa (occludin protein and microvascular diameter) were evaluated. Differences between two groups were compared using t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Differences among more than two groups were compared using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS After modeling, the results of HE staining in intestinal tract of IBS-D model rats showed LGI. Compared with the model group, 4 h fecal moisture content (diarrhea index) and the AWR score were decreased in the EA group. The results of HE in EA group showed that the infiltration of intestinal inflammatory cells were alleviated. Additionally, EA significantly upregulated the expression of occludin protein and partially dilated the intestinal microvascular diameter. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the symptoms of IBS-D rats were correlated with the changes of intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSION EA may treat intestinal LGI in IBS-D rats by upregulating the expression of occludin protein and dilating the intestinal microvascular diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuiyu Ren
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hong
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Guo
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Liu Y, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Lepp D, Tsao R, Sadakiyo T, Zhang H, Mine Y. Regulatory Effect of Isomaltodextrin on a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model with LPS-Induced Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:11258-11273. [PMID: 36041062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effects of isomaltodextrin (IMD) on sustaining the gut integrity and microbiota composition in a high-fat diet (HFD) with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced low-grade inflammation mouse model. The homeostasis of the immune response is important to reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndromes. The results of this study showed that pre-treatment of IMD at 5% (w/v) suppressed the concentration of endotoxin and pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 while increasing the adiponectin level in the plasma. Subsequently, IMD supplementation maintained the structural integrity and intestinal permeability by upregulating the tight junction protein expressions, leading to reducing D-mannitol concentration in the blood. In addition, dysbiosis was observed in mice induced by HFD plus LPS, suggesting that unhealthy dietary factors elicit metabolic endotoxemia and associated dysbiosis to impair the barrier function. However, IMD supplementation was shown to restore the microbial diversity, promote the growth of Bacteroides-Prevotella, and upregulate the related d-glucarate and d-galactarate degradation pathways, together demonstrating the benefits of IMD as a prebiotic able to promote energy homeostasis. Our results also showed that the blood lipid profile and glucose level in the low-grade inflammation mouse model were modulated by IMD. Moreover, IMD supplementation effectively prevented the metabolic disorder and modulated immune responses in inflamed white adipose tissues by inhibiting the macrophage infiltration and restoring the adiponectin, PPAR-γ, and IRS-1 expression. These findings provide strong evidence for IMD to be a potential prebiotic that acts to sustain a healthy gut microbiota composition and barrier function. By protecting against an unhealthy diet-impaired metabolic balance and maintaining immune homeostasis, IMD may affect the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuhan Zeng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Tsuyoshi Sadakiyo
- Food System Solutions Division, Hayashibara CO., LTD., 525-3 Kuwano, Naka-ku, Okayama 702-8002, Japan
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
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Hasuike A, Nagao M, Moriya Y, Numasaki H, Sato S. Mild elevation of C-reactive protein in a young patient with severe periodontitis: a case report with 2 years of follow-up. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221117148. [PMID: 36036246 PMCID: PMC9434698 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221117148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is associated with systemic disease. Low-grade inflammation
(LGI) is critical to the link between periodontal disease and several systemic disorders.
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a common circulating biomarker for acute-phase immune
responses, and it is closely related to LGI. The present case demonstrated excellent
results using a comprehensive approach for periodontitis in a young woman with severe
periodontitis and mild CRP elevation. A 21-year-old Japanese woman complained of tooth
mobility and bleeding during tooth brushing. She was pre-obese (body mass index = 29.9),
and she had a mildly elevated CRP level (5.2 mg/L). Of all periodontal sites, 34.5% had
deep pockets (≥6 mm). The patient was diagnosed with stage III, grade C periodontitis and
generalized aggressive periodontitis. Comprehensive periodontal treatments, including
regenerative procedures for vertical bone loss and furcation involvement, were performed.
Periodontal tissue inflammation was resolved, and periodontal regeneration was achieved.
During the 2-year follow-up period, her teeth did not exhibit any signs of instability,
attachment loss, or bone loss. Despite the weak nature of the evidence, this case suggests
that CRP is valuable for assessing LGI, and it may potentially be considered during
periodontal grading in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hasuike
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo.,Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Nagao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo.,Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Fu Y, He Y, Xiang K, Zhao C, He Z, Qiu M, Hu X, Zhang N. The Role of Rumen Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA)-Induced Inflammatory Diseases of Ruminants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1495. [PMID: 35893553 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease in ruminants. In the early stage of SARA, ruminants do not exhibit obvious clinical symptoms. However, SARA often leads to local inflammatory diseases such as laminitis, mastitis, endometritis and hepatitis. The mechanism by which SARA leads to inflammatory diseases is largely unknown. The gut microbiota is the totality of bacteria, viruses and fungi inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have found that the gut microbiota is not only crucial to gastrointestinal health but also involved in a variety of disease processes, including metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that intestinal bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to extraintestinal distal organs, such as the lung, liver and brain, through endogenous pathways, leading to related diseases. Combined with the literature, we believe that the dysbiosis of the rumen microbiota, the destruction of the rumen barrier and the dysbiosis of liver function in the pathogenesis of SARA lead to the entry of rumen bacteria and/or metabolites into the body through blood or lymphatic circulation and place the body in the “chronic low-grade” inflammatory state. Meanwhile, rumen bacteria and/or their metabolites can also migrate to the mammary gland, uterus and other organs, leading to the occurrence of related inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanism by which SARA causes inflammatory diseases to obtain a more comprehensive and profound understanding of SARA and its related inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, it is also of great significance for the joint prevention and control of diseases.
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Lázničková P, Bendíčková K, Kepák T, Frič J. Immunosenescence in Childhood Cancer Survivors and in Elderly: A Comparison and Implication for Risk Stratification. Front Aging 2022; 2:708788. [PMID: 35822014 PMCID: PMC9261368 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.708788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has grown rapidly in recent decades. Although cured of their original malignancy, these individuals are at increased risk of serious late effects, including age-associated complications. An impaired immune system has been linked to the emergence of these conditions in the elderly and CCS, likely due to senescent immune cell phenotypes accompanied by low-grade inflammation, which in the elderly is known as "inflammaging." Whether these observations in the elderly and CCS are underpinned by similar mechanisms is unclear. If so, existing knowledge on immunosenescent phenotypes and inflammaging might potentially serve to benefit CCS. We summarize recent findings on the immune changes in CCS and the elderly, and highlight the similarities and identify areas for future research. Improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and immunosenescent markers of accelerated immune aging might help us to identify individuals at increased risk of serious health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lázničková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Bendíčková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kepák
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frič
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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Thomas MS, Blesso CN, Calle MC, Chun OK, Puglisi M, Fernandez ML. Dietary Influences on Gut Microbiota with a Focus on Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:429-439. [PMID: 35704900 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clear correlation between gut microbiota, diet, and metabolic outcomes. A diet high in fiber has been shown to decrease inflammation, increase insulin sensitivity, and reduce dyslipidemias whereas a diet high in fat and sugar leads to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. There is recent evidence suggesting that the human gut microbiota has a significant role in the development or the resolution of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated conditions. Leading a stressful, sedentary lifestyle with limited or no physical activity and consuming an unhealthy diet high in saturated fat, simple carbohydrates, and sodium and low in dietary fiber and in high-quality protein are some of the contributing factors. Unhealthy diets have been shown to induce alterations in the gut microbiota and contribute to the pathogenesis of MetS by altering microbiota composition and disrupting the intestinal barrier, which leads to low-grade systemic inflammation. In contrast, healthy diets can lead to changes in microbiota that increase gut barrier function and increase the production of anti-inflammatory biomarkers. This review aims at providing a more in-depth discussion of diet-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on MetS. Here, we discuss the possible mechanisms involved in the development of the metabolic biomarkers that define MetS, with an emphasis on the role of sugar and dietary fiber in microbiome-mediated changes in low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu S Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mariana C Calle
- Health Sciences Department ST 110-M, Worcester University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Puglisi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Maamar M, Artime A, Pariente E, Fierro P, Ruiz Y, Gutiérrez S, Tobalina M, Díaz-Salazar S, Ramos C, Olmos JM, Hernández JL. Post-COVID-19 syndrome, low-grade inflammation and inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional study. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:901-909. [PMID: 35166141 PMCID: PMC8935459 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2042991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is a poorly known entity. An underlying chronic, low-grade inflammation (LGI) has been theorized as a pathophysiological mechanism. Available data on biomarkers in PCS show conflicting results. Our aim was to know whether subjects with PCS present higher levels of inflammatory markers, after a mild COVID-19. METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study. Cases of mild COVID-19 in a community setting were included. We collected epidemiological data (age, sex, BMI, smoking, comorbidities), variables of the acute COVID-19 (duration, symptoms), and data at 3 months after the acute phase (symptoms and laboratory test). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels were analysed. LGI was defined as CRP >0.3 and <1.0 mg/dL. A subject was classified as PCS + if presented signs and symptoms >12 weeks after an infection consistent with COVID-19. Five composite indices (C1-C5) were developed, combining the upper ranges of biomarkers distributions. Multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS We analysed 121 mild COVID-19 cases (mean age = 45.7 years, 56.2% women). Among the acute symptoms, women presented a higher frequency of fatigue (54.4% vs 30.2%; p = .008). PCS affected 35.8% of women and 20.8% of men (p = .07), and the most reported symptoms were fatigue (42.8%), anosmia (40%), ageusia (22.8%), dyspnea (17.1%) and myalgia (11.4%). Neutrophil count, NLR, CRP and fibrinogen showed the best correlations with PCS and were selected to develop the indices. In women PCS+, C1, C3 and C4 indices were more frequently met, while in men PCS+, C2, C5 and CRP were in the range of LGI. Anosmia, ageusia and fatigue were related to higher neutrophil counts, with sex differences. Fibrinogen levels were higher in persistent myalgia (510 ± 82 mg/dL vs 394 ± 87; p = .013). In multivariable analysis, a woman with a neutrophil count above the median, or with fibrinogen level or NLR in the highest tertile, had a 4-5-fold increased risk of prevalent PCS. A man with CRP in the range of LGI, or fibrinogen level or a neutrophil count in the highest tertile, had a 10-17-fold increased risk of prevalent PCS. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in the present cross-sectional study seems to demonstrate a consistent association between PCS and upper ranges of the neutrophil count, NLR, fibrinogen, and CRP in the LGI range. Furthermore, composite indices appear useful in detecting relationships between slight elevations of biomarkers and PCS, and our study identifies relevant sex differences in symptoms and markers regarding the PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryam Maamar
- Emergency Service. Osakidetza, Servicio Vasco de Salud, Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Arancha Artime
- El Llano - Primary Health Care Center, SESPA - Servicio Asturiano de Salud, Gijón Asturias, Spain
| | - Emilio Pariente
- Camargo Interior - Primary Health Care Center, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain
- Depto. de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- CONTACT Emilio Pariente “Camargo Interior” Primary Care Center, Associate Professor, University of Cantabria, Avda Bilbao, s/n. 39600-Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Patricia Fierro
- Camargo Interior - Primary Health Care Center, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ruiz
- Camargo Interior - Primary Health Care Center, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Silvia Gutiérrez
- Camargo Interior - Primary Health Care Center, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Marian Tobalina
- Camargo Interior - Primary Health Care Center, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sara Díaz-Salazar
- Camargo Interior - Primary Health Care Center, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramos
- Depto. de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- Camargo Costa - Primary Health Care Center, Servicio Cántabro de Salud, Maliaño, Cantabria, Spain
| | - José M. Olmos
- Depto. de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - José L. Hernández
- Depto. de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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Vetrani C, Di Nisio A, Paschou SA, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Graziadio C, Savastano S, Colao A. From Gut Microbiota through Low-Grade Inflammation to Obesity: Key Players and Potential Targets. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102103. [PMID: 35631244 PMCID: PMC9145366 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, the gut microbiota has gained much interest in relation to human health. Mounting evidence has shown a strict association between gut microbiota and obesity and its related diseases. Inflammation has been appointed as the driving force behind this association. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota might influence inflammation in the host could pave for the identification of effective strategies to reduce inflammation-related diseases, such as obesity and obesity-related diseases. For this purpose, we carried out an extensive literature search for studies published in the English language during the last 10 years. Most relevant studies were used to provide a comprehensive view of all aspects related to the association of gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation with obesity. Accordingly, this narrative review reports the evidence on the key players supporting the role of gut microbiota in the modulation of inflammation in relation to obesity and its complications. Moreover, therapeutic approaches to reduce microbiota-related inflammation are discussed to provide potential targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (C.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stavroula A. Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80143 Napoli, Italy;
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (C.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (C.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (C.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (C.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Costacurta M, Basilicata M, Marrone G, Di Lauro M, Campolattano V, Bollero P, Docimo R, Di Daniele N, Noce A. The Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Nutritional Status and Its Possible Relation with Oral Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:2002. [PMID: 35631140 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated a strong relation between periodontal diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main mechanisms at the base of this link are malnutrition, vitamin dysregulation, especially of B-group vitamins and of C and D vitamins, oxidative stress, metabolic acidosis and low-grade inflammation. In particular, in hemodialysis (HD) adult patients, an impairment of nutritional status has been observed, induced not only by the HD procedures themselves, but also due to numerous CKD-related comorbidities. The alteration of nutritional assessment induces systemic manifestations that have repercussions on oral health, like oral microbiota dysbiosis, slow healing of wounds related to hypovitaminosis C, and an alteration of the supporting bone structures of the oral cavity related to metabolic acidosis and vitamin D deficiency. Low-grade inflammation has been observed to characterize periodontal diseases locally and, in a systemic manner, CKD contributes to the amplification of the pathological process, bidirectionally. Therefore, CKD and oral disease patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary professional team that can evaluate the possible co-presence of these two pathological conditions, that negatively influence each other, and set up therapeutic strategies to treat them. Once these patients have been identified, they should be included in a follow-up program, characterized by periodic checks in order to manage these pathological conditions.
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50
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Dudzińska E, Szymona K, Bogucki J, Koch W, Cholewińska E, Sitarz R, Ognik K. Increased Markers of Oxidative Stress and Positive Correlation Low-Grade Inflammation with Positive Symptoms in the First Episode of Schizophrenia in Drug-Naïve Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092551. [PMID: 35566680 PMCID: PMC9104552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental illness usually diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. Many studies indicate that oxidative stress causes membrane dysfunction and cell damage, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate oxidative stress markers (the main primary products of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and end products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP)) in the plasma of patients with the first episode of schizophrenia in drug-naïve patients (22 men and 12 women aged 17–29). The control group (Ctrl) comprised 26 healthy subjects (19 men and 7 women, aged 18–30 years). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate psychotic symptoms. Analyses of the oxidative stress variables revealed an increased level of SOD (U/mL) in subjects with schizophrenia versus control group. In addition, lipid damage measured as LOOHs µ (mol/L) and MDA was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia in comparison to control subjects. There was a positive correlation between MDA µmol/L and PANSS P and a positive correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and the PANSS P scale. The elevated level of superoxide dismutase in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia can be explained by compensatory mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde can be used as a simple biomarker of low-grade systemic inflammation associated with oxidative stress. A positive correlation between CRP and PANSS P scale and MDA and PANSS P scale may indicate a significant relationship between the development of low-grade inflammation and damage associated with oxidative stress in the development of the first symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dudzińska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kinga Szymona
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Cholewińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.C.); (K.O.)
| | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Surgical Oncology, St. John’s Cancer Center, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.C.); (K.O.)
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