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Jeffery A, Gilbert M, Corsaut L, Gaudreau A, Obradovic MR, Cloutier S, Frenette MC, Surprenant C, Lacouture S, Arnal JL, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Immune response induced by a Streptococcus suis multi-serotype autogenous vaccine used in sows to protect post-weaned piglets. Vet Res 2024; 55:57. [PMID: 38715138 PMCID: PMC11076212 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a bacterial pathogen that causes important economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Since there are no current commercial vaccines, the use of autogenous vaccines applied to gilts/sows to enhance transfer of passive immunity is an attractive alternative to protect weaned piglets. However, there is no universal standardization in the production of autogenous vaccines and the vaccine formulation may be highly different among licenced manufacturing laboratories. In the present study, an autogenous vaccine that included S. suis serotypes 2, 1/2, 5, 7 and 14 was prepared by a licensed laboratory and administrated to gilts using a three-dose program prior to farrowing. The antibody response in gilts as well as the passive transfer of antibodies to piglets was then evaluated. In divergence with previously published data with an autogenous vaccine produced by a different company, the increased response seen in gilts was sufficient to improve maternal antibody transfer to piglets up to 5 weeks of age. However, piglets would still remain susceptible to S. suis disease which often appears during the second part of the nursery period. Vaccination did not affect the shedding of S. suis (as well as that of the specific S. suis serotypes included in the vaccine) by either gilts or piglets. Although all antibiotic treatments were absent during the trial, the clinical protective effect of the vaccination program with the autogenous vaccine could not be evaluated, since limited S. suis cases were present during the trial, confirming the need for a complete evaluation of the clinical protection that must include laboratory confirmation of the aetiological agent involved in the presence of S. suis-associated clinical signs. Further studies to evaluate the usefulness of gilt/sow vaccination with autogenous vaccines to protect nursery piglets should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Jeffery
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mélina Gilbert
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Lorelei Corsaut
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Annie Gaudreau
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Milan R Obradovic
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Lacouture
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jose Luis Arnal
- Exopol, Veterinary Diagnostic and Autogenous Vaccine Laboratory, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Jude R, da Silva AP, Slay AM, Luciano RL, Jordan B, Gallardo RA. Mitigation of False Layer Syndrome Through Maternal Antibodies Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Avian Dis 2024; 68:10-17. [PMID: 38687102 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between passive immunity and the development of false layer syndrome (FLS) and its associated lesions was investigated in this study by comparing the long-term reproductive effects of an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) DMV/1639 wild-type strain and the GA08 vaccine in birds with and without maternal antibodies. There was a clear protective effect provided by maternal antibodies against both the early vaccination and challenge. It was also observed that vaccination at an early age, in the absence of maternal antibodies, can induce reproductive issues, such as reduced egg production and FLS-associated lesions (e.g., cystic oviduct and egg yolk coelomitis). This might indicate that maternal antibodies and the timing of IBV infection are more important in the generation of FLS than the IBV strain type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jude
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ana P da Silva
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Adrea Mueller Slay
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Renato Luis Luciano
- Instituto Biologico, Centro Avançado de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Sanidade Avicola, Descalvado, Sao Paulo, 13690-000, Brazil
| | - Brian Jordan
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Rodrigo A Gallardo
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,
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De Weerdt L, Thiriard A, Leuridan E, Marchant A, Maertens K. Immunogenicity at delivery after Tdap vaccination in successive pregnancies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360201. [PMID: 38464513 PMCID: PMC10920275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination is recommended to be administered in every pregnancy. Although the safety of this strategy has been confirmed, the immunogenicity of Tdap vaccination in two successive pregnancies has not yet been described. This study investigated Tdap-specific immunity levels and transplacental transfer in two successive pregnancies after repeated Tdap-vaccination. Methods Women enrolled in prior studies on Tdap vaccination during pregnancy were invited to participate in a follow-up study if they became pregnant again. Women who received a Tdap vaccine in both pregnancies were considered for this analysis. Tdap-specific total IgG and IgG subclasses were measured with a multiplex immunoassay. Results In total, 27 participants with a mean interval between deliveries of 2.4 years were included in the analysis. In maternal serum, Tdap-specific total IgG levels were comparable at both deliveries whereas in cord serum, all Tdap-specific total IgG antibody levels were reduced at the second compared to the first delivery. This was largely reflected in the IgG1 levels in maternal and cord serum. Transplacental transfer ratios of total IgG and IgG1 were also mostly reduced in the second compared to the first pregnancy. Conclusion This study reports for the first time Tdap-specific total IgG and IgG subclass levels and transfer ratios after repeated Tdap vaccination in successive pregnancies. We found reduced transfer of most Tdap-specific IgG and IgG1 antibodies in the successive pregnancy. As pertussis-specific antibodies wane quickly, Tdap vaccination in each pregnancy remains beneficial. However, more research is needed to understand the impact of closely spaced booster doses during pregnancy on early infant protection against pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise De Weerdt
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anaïs Thiriard
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Embacher S, Maertens K, Herzog SA. Half-life Estimation of Pertussis-Specific Maternal Antibodies in (Pre)Term Infants After In-Pregnancy Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1640-1648. [PMID: 37285482 PMCID: PMC10681861 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reduce the risk of pertussis-related morbidity and mortality in early life, an increasing number of countries recommend maternal pertussis vaccination. However, there is limited knowledge about half-lives of vaccine-induced pertussis-specific maternal antibodies, especially in preterm infants, and factors potentially influencing them. METHODS We compared 2 different approaches to provide estimates of the half-lives of pertussis-specific maternal antibodies in infants and explored potential effects on the half-life in 2 studies. In the first approach, we estimated the half-lives per child and used these estimates as responses in linear models. In the second approach, we used linear mixed effect models on a log2 transformed scale of the longitudinal data to use the inverse of the time parameter as an estimate for the half-lives. RESULTS Both approaches provided similar results. The identified covariates partly explain differences in half-life estimates. The strongest evidence we observed was a difference between term and preterm infants, with the preterm infants showing a longer half-life. Among others, a longer interval between vaccination and delivery increases the half-life. CONCLUSIONS Several variables influence the decay speed of maternal antibodies. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages, while the choice is secondary when assessing the half-life of pertussis-specific antibodies. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02408926 and NCT02511327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Embacher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sereina A Herzog
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Natama HM, Moncunill G, Vidal M, Rouamba T, Aguilar R, Santano R, Rovira-Vallbona E, Jiménez A, Somé MA, Sorgho H, Valéa I, Coulibaly-Traoré M, Coppel RL, Cavanagh D, Chitnis CE, Beeson JG, Angov E, Dutta S, Gamain B, Izquierdo L, Mens PF, Schallig HDFH, Tinto H, Rosanas-Urgell A, Dobaño C. Associations between prenatal malaria exposure, maternal antibodies at birth, and malaria susceptibility during the first year of life in Burkina Faso. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0026823. [PMID: 37754682 PMCID: PMC10580994 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00268-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how different categories of prenatal malaria exposure (PME) influence levels of maternal antibodies in cord blood samples and the subsequent risk of malaria in early childhood in a birth cohort study (N = 661) nested within the COSMIC clinical trial (NCT01941264) in Burkina Faso. Plasmodium falciparum infections during pregnancy and infants' clinical malaria episodes detected during the first year of life were recorded. The levels of maternal IgG and IgG1-4 to 15 P. falciparum antigens were measured in cord blood by quantitative suspension array technology. Results showed a significant variation in the magnitude of maternal antibody levels in cord blood, depending on the PME category, with past placental malaria (PM) more frequently associated with significant increases of IgG and/or subclass levels across three groups of antigens defined as pre-erythrocytic, erythrocytic, and markers of PM, as compared to those from the cord of non-exposed control infants. High levels of antibodies to certain erythrocytic antigens (i.e., IgG to EBA140 and EBA175, IgG1 to EBA175 and MSP142, and IgG3 to EBA140 and MSP5) were independent predictors of protection from clinical malaria during the first year of life. By contrast, high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 to the VAR2CSA DBL1-2 and IgG4 to DBL3-4 were significantly associated with an increased risk of clinical malaria. These findings indicate that PME categories have different effects on the levels of maternal-derived antibodies to malaria antigens in children at birth, and this might drive heterogeneity to clinical malaria susceptibility in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamtandi Magloire Natama
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Rovira-Vallbona
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Athanase Somé
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Maminata Coulibaly-Traoré
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ross L. Coppel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Cavanagh
- Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chetan E. Chitnis
- Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra F. Mens
- Academic Medical Centre at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale du Centre-Ouest, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
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O’Driscoll M, Buddhari D, Huang AT, Waickman A, Kaewhirun S, Iamsirithaworn S, Khampaen D, Farmer A, Fernandez S, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Srikiatkhachorn A, Thomas S, Endy T, Rothman AL, Anderson K, Cummings DAT, Salje H. Maternally derived antibody titer dynamics and risk of hospitalized infant dengue disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308221120. [PMID: 37774093 PMCID: PMC10576102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308221120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants less than 1 y of age experience high rates of dengue disease in dengue virus (DENV) endemic countries. This burden is commonly attributed to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), whereby concentrations of maternally derived DENV antibodies become subneutralizing, and infection-enhancing. Understanding antibody-related mechanisms of enhanced infant dengue disease risk represents a significant challenge due to the dynamic nature of antibodies and their imperfect measurement processes. Further, key uncertainties exist regarding the impact of long-term shifts in birth rates, population-level infection risks, and maternal ages on the DENV immune landscape of newborns and their subsequent risks of severe dengue disease in infancy. Here, we analyze DENV antibody data from two infant cohorts (N = 142 infants with 605 blood draws) and 40 y of infant dengue hospitalization data from Thailand. We use mathematical models to reconstruct maternally derived antibody dynamics, accounting for discretized measurement processes and limits of assay detection. We then explore possible antibody-related mechanisms of enhanced infant dengue disease risk and their ability to reconstruct the observed age distribution of hospitalized infant dengue cases. We find that ADE mechanisms are best able to reconstruct the observed data. Finally, we describe how the shifting epidemiology of dengue in Thailand, combined with declining birth rates, have decreased the absolute risk of infant dengue disease by 88% over a 40-y period while having minimal impact on the mean age of infant hospitalized dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O’Driscoll
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB23EH, United Kingdom
| | - Darunee Buddhari
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Angkana T. Huang
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB23EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Adam Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210
| | - Surachai Kaewhirun
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi11000, Thailand
| | - Sopon Iamsirithaworn
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi11000, Thailand
| | - Direk Khampaen
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi11000, Thailand
| | - Aaron Farmer
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | | | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI02903
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok10520, Thailand
| | - Stephen Thomas
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210
| | - Timothy Endy
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Washington, DC20006
| | - Alan L. Rothman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI02903
| | - Kathryn Anderson
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok10400, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY13210
| | | | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB23EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
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7
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Wein Y, Loeb V, Asmare A, Tal S, Finger A, Friedman A. Immunization and Host Responses to MB-1, a Live Hatchery Vaccine against Infectious Bursal Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1316. [PMID: 37631884 PMCID: PMC10458767 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MB-1 is an attenuated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine. Previously, we observed a temporal delay of vaccine virus replication in the bursae of chicks due to maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). The mechanism that allowed its survival despite MDA neutralization remained unclear. We hypothesized that after vaccination at 1 day of age (DOA), the MB-1 virus penetrates and resides in local macrophages that are then distributed to lymphoid organs. Furthermore, MB-1's ability to survive within macrophages ensures its survival during effective MDA protection. PCR analysis of lymphoid organs from chicks with MDA, vaccinated on 1 DOA, demonstrated that the MB-1 virus was identified at low levels solely in the spleen pre-14 days of age. Fourteen days after vaccination, the virus was identified using PCR in the bursa, with viral levels increasing with time. The possible delay in viral colonization of the bursa was attributed to the presence of anti-IBDV capsid VP2 maternal IgA and IgY in the bursa interstitium. These indicate that during the period of high MDA levels, a small but viable MB-1 viral reservoir was maintained in the spleen, which might have served to colonize the bursa after MDA levels declined. Thereafter, individual immunization of chicks against Gumboro disease was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Wein
- Department of Animal Sciences, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Virginie Loeb
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, P.O. Box 489, Beit Shemesh 99100, Israel; (V.L.)
| | - Aderajew Asmare
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, P.O. Box 489, Beit Shemesh 99100, Israel; (V.L.)
| | - Saar Tal
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, P.O. Box 489, Beit Shemesh 99100, Israel; (V.L.)
| | - Avner Finger
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, P.O. Box 489, Beit Shemesh 99100, Israel; (V.L.)
| | - Aharon Friedman
- Department of Animal Sciences, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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8
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Hall EW, Panagiotakopoulos L, Wester C, Nelson N, Sandul AL. Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies to Identify Children with Perinatally Acquired Hepatitis C Infection. J Pediatr 2023; 258:113409. [PMID: 37023948 PMCID: PMC10448738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal testing strategy to identify children with perinatally acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. STUDY DESIGN We used a decision-tree framework with a Markov disease progression model to conduct an economic analysis of 4 strategies, based on combinations of type and timing of test: anti-HCV with reflex to HCV RNA at 18 months among children known to be perinatally exposed (ie, baseline comparison strategy); HCV RNA testing at 2-6 months among infants known to be perinatally exposed (test strategy 1); universal anti-HCV with reflex to HCV RNA at 18 months among all children (test strategy 2); and universal HCV RNA testing at 2-6 months among all infants (test strategy 3). We estimated total cost, quality-adjusted life years, and disease sequalae for each strategy. RESULTS Each of the 3 alternative testing strategies resulted in an increased number of children tested and improved health outcomes. HCV RNA testing at 2-6 months (test strategy 1) was cost-saving and resulted in a population-level difference in cost of $469 671. The 2 universal testing strategies resulted in an increase in quality-adjusted life years and an increase in total costs. CONCLUSIONS Testing of perinatally exposed infants at age 2-6 months with a single HCV RNA test will reduce costs and improve health outcomes, preventing morbidity and mortality associated with complications from perinatal HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Hall
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
| | - Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carolyn Wester
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Noele Nelson
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amy L Sandul
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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9
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O'Brien D, Dever M. Confirmation of the passive transfer of maternal antibodies to calves following vaccination of pregnant cows with an inactivated Mannheimia haemolytica and Bovine herpes virus type 1 vaccine. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:187-192. [PMID: 36975715 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer of maternal antibodies to calves following vaccination of pregnant cows with an inactivated Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) and Bovine herpes virus type 1 (IBR) vaccine (Bovilis® MH + IBR). Sixty-two pregnant cows were allocated at random to two groups; one group was retained as a negative control group (T01), while the other group (T02) was vaccinated with Bovilis® MH + IBR on two occasions during their third trimester of pregnancy. Following calving, blood samples were collected from calves for the measurement of serum antibody titres to IBR and MH, with samples collected prior to suckling (Day 0) and on days 5 (±2), 14 (±3), 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, 196, 224, 252 and 280. The group mean IBR blocking percentage remained low for T01 calves (calves born to T01 cows) between days 0 and 224 (range 4.5%-15.4%), while the group mean IBR blocking percentage increased for T02 calves (calves born to T02 cows) from 14.3% on Day 0 to 94.9% on Day 5 and remained significantly higher than T01 calves up until Day 252. The group mean MH titre (Log2) for T01 calves increased after suckling to 8.9 on Day 5, before declining and remaining stable (range 5.0-6.5). The group mean MH titre for T02 calves increased after suckling to 13.6 on Day 5 and then gradually declined; however, it remained significantly higher than T01 calves between days 5 and 140. Outcomes from this study have confirmed that colostral transfer of IBR and MH antibodies to newborn calves was successful and a high level of passive immunity was acquired by calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O'Brien
- MSD Animal Health, Intervet Australia Pty Ltd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Dever
- MSD Animal Health, Intervet Australia Pty Ltd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Jelínková L, Roberts B, Ajayi DT, Peabody DS, Chackerian B. The Immunogenicity of a VLP-based Malaria Vaccine Targeting CSP in Pregnant and Neonatal Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:202. [PMID: 36830571 PMCID: PMC9953288 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal antibodies are passively transferred to the fetus via the placenta during gestation and can play an important role in protecting the newborn from infection. For example, in malaria-endemic regions, maternal antibodies likely provide substantial protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the first 6 months of life. However, circulating maternal antibodies can also interfere with vaccine efficacy. Here, we used a mouse maternal transfer model to evaluate whether maternal antibodies interfere with the responsiveness to a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting the CIS43 epitope of the malaria circumsporozoite protein (CSP). We found immunized dams passively transfer to pups high levels of anti-CSP IgG antibodies that steadily decline as the animals age. We also found that the neonatal offspring of immunized mice do not respond to de novo immunization with the CIS43-targeted VLP vaccine until maternal antibody titers decline below an inhibitory threshold. These findings may have important implications for delineating the delicate balance between protection conferred by maternal antibodies and the offspring's ability to respond to immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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11
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Kaba J, Czopowicz M, Witkowski L, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Mickiewicz M, Markowska-Daniel I, Puchała R, Bagnicka E. Longitudinal Study on Seroreactivity of Goats Exposed to Colostrum and Milk of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-infected Dams. J Vet Res 2022; 66:511-21. [PMID: 36846043 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) causes caprine arthritis-encephalitis in goats and maedi-visna disease in sheep. Transmission is via ingestion of colostrum and milk from infected dams or long-term direct contact between animals. Lifelong seroconversion can occur several weeks after infection via ingestion. However, sub-yearling lambs that ingest contaminated colostrum may be able to clear the infection and become seronegative. Whether a similar phenomenon occurs in goats remains unknown. Therefore, the serological status of goats was studied longitudinally from the moment of natural exposure to colostrum and milk of SRLV-positive dams through the age of 24 months. Material and Methods Between February 2014 and March 2017 a dairy goat herd was studied which had been infected with SRLV for more than 20 years and carried maedi-visna virus-like genotype A subtype A17. Thirty-one kids born to dams seropositive for SRLV for at least a year beforehand were followed. They ingested colostrum immediately after birth and then remained with their dams for three weeks. The goats were tested serologically every month using two commercial ELISAs. The clinical condition of the goats was also regularly assessed. Results Out of 31 goats, 13 (42%) seroconverted at the age ranging from 3 to 22 months with a median of 5 months. Two goats seroconverted in the second year of life. The other eleven did so before the age of one year; two of these reverted to seronegative status. Only 9 out of 31 goats (29%) seroconverted in the first year of life and remained seropositive. They were early and stable seroreactors to which SRLV was transmitted lactogenically. The age at which they seroconverted ranged from 3 to 10 months with a median of 5 months. In 8 of the 18 persistently seronegative goats, a single isolated positive result occurred. No goats showed any clinical signs of arthritis. The level of maternal antibodies at the age of one week did not differ significantly between the stable seroreactors and the remainder. Conclusion Seroconversion appears to occur in less than 50% of goats exposed to heterologous SRLV genotype A via ingestion of colostrum and milk from infected dams and is delayed by 3-10 months. The natural lactogenic route of transmission of SRLV genotype A in goats appears to be less effective than this route of genotype B transmission reported in earlier studies.
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12
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Receveur M, Ottmann M, Reynes J, Eleouet J, Galloux M, Receveur A, Ploin D, Fiorini S, Rivat N, Valette M, Lina B, Casalegno J. Level of maternal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nucleoprotein at birth and risk of RSV very severe lower respiratory tract infection. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 17:e13025. [PMID: 36251946 PMCID: PMC9835445 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleoprotein (N protein) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a candidate antigen for new RSV vaccine development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between maternal antibody titers against the RSV N protein at birth and the newborns' risk of developing very severe lower respiratory tract infection (VS-LRTI). METHODS In this single-center prospective cohort study, 578 infants born during the RSV epidemic season in France were included. Among these, 36 were hospitalized for RSV VS-LRTI. A generalized linear model was used to test the occurrence of a VS-LRTI in function of sex, mode of delivery, parity of the mother, type of pregnancy, date of birth in relation to the peak of the epidemic, and antibody titer against N protein. RESULTS All cord blood samples had detectable antibodies against N protein. The mean titers were significantly lower in newborns with risk factors for RSV severe LRTI (preterm infants, birth before the peak epidemic, multiparous mother). There was no association between antibody titer against the N protein and a protection against VS-LRTI. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to support the hypothesis that transfer of maternal antibodies against the RSV N protein can provide a significant immune protection early in infancy and that N protein candidate vaccine may be a suitable target for maternal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Receveur
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère EnfantService de Réanimation Pédiatrique et d'Accueil des UrgencesBronFrance,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix‐RousseInstitut des Agents InfectieuxLyonFrance,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine Lyon EstLyonFrance
| | - Michèle Ottmann
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308LyonFrance
| | - Jean‐Marc Reynes
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308LyonFrance,Unité Environnement et Risques InfectieuxInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Jean‐François Eleouet
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie MoléculairesJouy‐en‐JosasFrance
| | - Marie Galloux
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie MoléculairesJouy‐en‐JosasFrance
| | - Aurore Receveur
- OFP/FEMAPacific Community, SPCNoumeaNew Caledonia,ENTROPIEUniversité de la Réunion, IRD, CNRS, UMR9220, Université de La Nouvelle‐Calédonie, IfremerNoumeaNew Caledonia
| | - Dominique Ploin
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère EnfantService de Réanimation Pédiatrique et d'Accueil des UrgencesBronFrance,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308LyonFrance
| | - Sylvie Fiorini
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308LyonFrance
| | - Nathalie Rivat
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308LyonFrance
| | - Martine Valette
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix‐RousseInstitut des Agents InfectieuxLyonFrance,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix‐Rousse, Institut des Agents Infectieux (IAI), Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoiresLyonFrance
| | - Bruno Lina
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix‐RousseInstitut des Agents InfectieuxLyonFrance,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine Lyon EstLyonFrance,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308LyonFrance,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix‐Rousse, Institut des Agents Infectieux (IAI), Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoiresLyonFrance
| | - Jean‐Sebastien Casalegno
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix‐RousseInstitut des Agents InfectieuxLyonFrance,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine Lyon EstLyonFrance,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologies Humaines Virpath, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308LyonFrance,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix‐Rousse, Institut des Agents Infectieux (IAI), Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoiresLyonFrance
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Egberink H, Frymus T, Hartmann K, Möstl K, Addie DD, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Lloret A, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Tasker S, Thiry E, Truyen U, Hosie MJ. Vaccination and Antibody Testing in Cats. Viruses 2022; 14. [PMID: 35893667 DOI: 10.3390/v14081602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines protect cats from serious diseases by inducing antibodies and cellular immune responses. Primary vaccinations and boosters are given according to vaccination guidelines provided by industry and veterinary organizations, based on minimal duration of immunity (DOI). For certain diseases, particularly feline panleukopenia, antibody titres correlate with protection. For feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus, a similar correlation is absent, or less clear. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD) presents current knowledge and expert opinion on the use of antibody testing in different situations. Antibody testing can be performed either in diagnostic laboratories, or in veterinary practice using point of care (POC) tests, and can be applied for several purposes, such as to provide evidence that a successful immune response was induced following vaccination. In adult cats, antibody test results can inform the appropriate re-vaccination interval. In shelters, antibody testing can support the control of FPV outbreaks by identifying potentially unprotected cats. Antibody testing has also been proposed to support decisions on optimal vaccination schedules for the individual kitten. However, such testing is still expensive and it is considered impractical to monitor the decline of maternally derived antibodies.
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Christie KF, Poulson RL, Seixas JS, Hernandez SM. Avian Influenza Virus Status and Maternal Antibodies in Nestling White Ibis ( Eudocimus albus). Microorganisms 2021; 9:2468. [PMID: 34946070 PMCID: PMC8707160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), a nomadic wading bird, has increased its exploitation of urban habitats in South Florida, United States, and has recently established several urban breeding colonies. Certain characteristics of ibis ecology could position them in the natural cycle of the avian influenza virus (AIV). In fact, experimentally infected ibises were shown to be competent hosts for multiple AIV subtypes, and seroconversion to AIV has been documented in adult ibises in natural populations. However, the mechanisms of transmission and the timing of infection are unclear as we have yet to isolate AIV from a free-living ibis. To investigate the age-specific AIV dynamics of ibis, we captured nestlings (n = 115) weekly for 1-4 weeks from urban and natural settings in 2020 and 2021. We collected choanal/cloacal swabs for rRT-PCR and virus isolation, and plasma to screen for maternal AIV antibodies. AIV was not detected in any individual by virus isolation; however, maternal antibodies to AIV were detected in 95% of nestlings, with varying rates of catabolism. These results confirm that nestlings are afforded maternal antibodies from adults at rates reflective of higher adult seroprevalence than previously documented and that nestlings in breeding colonies may have some degree of protection and are unlikely to become infected with AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Julia Silva Seixas
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Sonia M. Hernandez
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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15
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Orije MRP, García-Fogeda I, Van Dyck W, Corbière V, Mascart F, Mahieu L, Hens N, Van Damme P, Cools N, Ogunjimi B, Maertens K, Leuridan E. Impact of maternal pertussis antibodies on the infants' cellular immune responses. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:442-452. [PMID: 34849638 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal antibody interference of the infant's humoral immune responses raises some concern to the strategy of maternal Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis [aP]) vaccination. This study assessed the impact of maternal Tdap antibodies on the infant's pertussis-specific T lymphocyte responses following infant vaccination with an aP containing vaccine, in a term and preterm born cohort. METHODS Heparin samples (±0.5mL) were conveniently drawn from infants of a Belgian prospective cohort study (N=79, NCT02511327), including Tdap vaccinated (Boostrix®) and non-vaccinated women (no Tdap vaccine in the last 5 years) that delivered at term or prematurely. Sampling was performed before and one month after primary (8-12-16 weeks) and booster vaccination (13 or 15 months) with DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine (Hexyon®). Pertussis toxin (PT)-specific CD3 +, CD3 +CD4 + and CD3 +CD8 + lymphoblasts and their cytokine secretions were measured using a flow cytometric assay on whole blood (FASCIA) and multiplex technology (Meso Scale Discovery), respectively. RESULTS 57% of all infants were considered PT-specific CD3 +CD4 + lymphoblasts responders after primary and booster vaccination, whereas 17% were CD3 +CD8 + lymphoblast responders. IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17A and IL-5 cytokine secretions after primary and booster vaccination were indicative of a mixed T helper (Th) 1/Th2/Th17 cell profile. Lymphoblast and cytokine levels were comparable between term and preterm infants. Non-responders for IL-13 after booster vaccination had higher maternal PT IgG levels at birth when compared to responders. CONCLUSIONS Term and preterm born infants are capable of inducing Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses after aP vaccination, yet maternal vaccination modulate these responses. Evaluation of this effect in larger trials is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein R P Orije
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irene García-Fogeda
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Dyck
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Véronique Corbière
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Faculty of Medicine, Belgium
| | - Françoise Mascart
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Faculty of Medicine, Belgium
| | - Ludo Mahieu
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology; University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Niel Hens
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Immune Regulation and tolerance-inducing Strategies (IRiS); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics; University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Seixas JS, Hernandez SM, Kunkel MR, Weyna AAW, Yabsley MJ, Shender L, Nemeth NM. West Nile Virus Infections in an Urban Colony of American White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) in South Florida, USA. J Wildl Dis 2021. [PMID: 34797914 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is pathogenic in a wide range of avian hosts and is endemic in much of North America. This virus is responsible for population declines of some Passeriformes. We describe a WNV-associated mortality event in American White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) nestlings. This is a species, inherent to the Everglades ecosystem, which has recently begun nesting in urban areas. An urban colony in south Florida was monitored from March-July in 2020 as part of an ongoing study. Nestling carcasses were collected opportunistically and sent to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia within 24 h for diagnosis. Three ibis nestling deaths were confirmed to be caused by WNV infection based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription PCR. Serial plasma samples collected weekly from 36 healthy chicks of the same urban rookery were tested for WNV-neutralizing antibodies via plaque reduction neutralization test; four chicks were seropositive. Antibody titers in three seropositive chicks from which serial samples were collected waned over time, suggesting maternal antibody transfer. Ibis mortalities were consistent with a spike of WNV activity in this region of Florida. West Nile virus infection may be an important seasonal cause of mortality for wading bird nestlings.
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17
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Ndungo E, Andronescu LR, Buchwald AG, Lemme-Dumit JM, Mawindo P, Kapoor N, Fairman J, Laufer MK, Pasetti MF. Repertoire of Naturally Acquired Maternal Antibodies Transferred to Infants for Protection Against Shigellosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:725129. [PMID: 34721387 PMCID: PMC8554191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella is the second leading cause of diarrheal diseases, accounting for >200,000 infections and >50,000 deaths in children under 5 years of age annually worldwide. The incidence of Shigella-induced diarrhea is relatively low during the first year of life and increases substantially, reaching its peak between 11 to 24 months of age. This epidemiological trend hints at an early protective immunity of maternal origin and an increase in disease incidence when maternally acquired immunity wanes. The magnitude, type, antigenic diversity, and antimicrobial activity of maternal antibodies transferred via placenta that can prevent shigellosis during early infancy are not known. To address this knowledge gap, Shigella-specific antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and virulence factors (IpaB, IpaC, IpaD, IpaH, and VirG), and antibody-mediated serum bactericidal (SBA) and opsonophagocytic killing antibody (OPKA) activity were measured in maternal and cord blood sera from a longitudinal cohort of mother-infant pairs living in rural Malawi. Protein-specific (very high levels) and Shigella LPS IgG were detected in maternal and cord blood sera; efficiency of placental transfer was 100% and 60%, respectively, and had preferential IgG subclass distribution (protein-specific IgG1 > LPS-specific IgG2). In contrast, SBA and OPKA activity in cord blood was substantially lower as compared to maternal serum and varied among Shigella serotypes. LPS was identified as the primary target of SBA and OPKA activity. Maternal sera had remarkably elevated Shigella flexneri 2a LPS IgM, indicative of recent exposure. Our study revealed a broad repertoire of maternally acquired antibodies in infants living in a Shigella-endemic region and highlights the abundance of protein-specific antibodies and their likely contribution to disease prevention during the first months of life. These results contribute new knowledge on maternal infant immunity and target antigens that can inform the development of vaccines or therapeutics that can extend protection after maternally transferred immunity wanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ndungo
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liana R Andronescu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrea G Buchwald
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jose M Lemme-Dumit
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Patricia Mawindo
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Miriam K Laufer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Khampanisong P, Pauly M, Nouanthong P, Vickers MA, Virachith S, Xaydalasouk K, Black AP, Muller CP, Hübschen JM. Waning of Maternal Antibodies against Measles Suggests a Large Window of Susceptibility in Infants in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Pathogens 2021; 10:1316. [PMID: 34684265 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Measles is an endemic but largely neglected disease in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. New-borns are protected by maternal antibodies, but antibody waning before measles vaccination at 9 months of age leaves infants susceptible to infection. In this study, the susceptibility window of infants was determined to generate scientific evidence to assess the national measles immunization strategy. Methods: Between 2015 and 2016, demographic data, medical history, and blood samples were collected from 508 mother-child pairs at the provincial hospital in Vientiane. The samples were screened with a commercial kit detecting anti-measles IgG antibodies. Results: The large majority (95.7%) of the mothers were seropositive for anti-measles IgG and antibody titers of the mothers and infants were highly correlated (p < 0.01). While at birth 97.7% of the infants were seropositive, seropositivity rates decreased to 74.2% two months later to reach only 28.2% four months after birth (p < 0.01). Just before the first dose of the measles-rubella vaccine, scheduled at 9 months of age, was actually given, less than 14% of the infants were seropositive. Conclusion: This alarmingly wide susceptibility gap due to rapid maternal antibody decay leaves infants at risk of measles infection and serious disease complications. A high herd immunity is crucial to protect young infants and can be achieved through improved routine vaccination coverage and (expanded age group) supplementary immunization activities.
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Payne DC, McNeal M, Staat MA, Piasecki AM, Cline A, DeFranco E, Goveia MG, Parashar UD, Burke RM, Morrow AL. Persistence of Maternal Anti-Rotavirus Immunoglobulin G in the Post-Rotavirus Vaccine Era. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:133-136. [PMID: 33211872 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether titers of anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin G persist during the post-rotavirus vaccine era, the Pediatric Respiratory and Enteric Virus Acquisition and Immunogenesis Longitudinal (PREVAIL) Cohort analyzed serum samples collected from Cincinnati-area mothers and young infants in 2017-2018. Rotavirus-specific antibodies continue to be transferred from US mothers to their offspring in the post-rotavirus vaccine era, despite dramatic decreases in childhood rotavirus gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Payne
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Monica McNeal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary Allen Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexandra M Piasecki
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allison Cline
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily DeFranco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Umesh D Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachel M Burke
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ardythe L Morrow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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20
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Wolf TM, Chenaux-Ibrahim YM, Isaac EJ, Wünschmann A, Moore SA. NEONATE HEALTH AND CALF MORTALITY IN A DECLINING POPULATION OF NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE (ALCES ALCES AMERICANUS). J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:40-50. [PMID: 33635990 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-20-00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Moose (Alces alces americanus) populations in many areas along the southern extent of the North American moose range, including Minnesota, have experienced decline. Ascertaining neonate health and cause-specific mortality is critical where calf survival is low and understanding underlying causes of population dynamics is important. To investigate moose neonate health and causes of mortality, we studied 43 calves shortly after parturition during 2013-15 and 2018. The observed natural calf mortality rate was 84% by the following January of each calving season. Most natural calf mortalities were caused by black bear (Ursus americanus) or wolf (Canis lupus) predation or associated injuries (71%) but also included stillbirth (16%), orphaning (7%), generalized bacterial infection (3%), and hunter harvest (3%). Neonate health was evaluated in 27 calves by hematology, serum biochemistry profile, and maternally derived immunoglobulin. General health parameters were mostly within an expected range for normal health and adequate maternal immunoglobulin transfer. Importantly, these data contribute to a growing body of literature on moose neonate health and is the first report, to our knowledge, of maternally derived immunity in moose neonates.
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21
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Stilwell NK, Clarke LL, Howerth EW, Kienzle-Dean C, Fojtik A, Hollander LP, Carter D, Osborn DA, D'Angelo GJ, Miller KV, Stallknecht DE, Ruder MG. The Effect of Maternal Antibodies on Clinical Response to Infection with Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Fawns. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:189-93. [PMID: 33635998 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-20-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether naturally acquired maternal antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (EHDV-2) would protect white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns against infection and clinical disease following an EHDV-2 challenge. We compared viremia and clinical response in 27-47-d-old, experimentally infected fawns with and without maternally derived antibodies to EHDV-2. Mild to moderate clinical signs were observed in four seronegative (maternal antibody-negative) fawns, which were viremic from 3 to 14 d postinoculation. Individual peak blood virus titers for seronegative fawns ranged from 104.3 to 106.3 median tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/mL. In contrast, clinical signs were not observed in seropositive (maternal antibody-positive) fawns and a transient low-level viremia (≤102.4 TCID50/mL) occurred in two of six fawns. Our results indicated that the presence of maternally derived EHDV-2 antibodies in fawns prevents or greatly reduces clinical disease and the level and duration of EHDV-2 viremia.
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22
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Koivisto K, Nieminen T, Mejias A, Capella C, Ye F, Mertz S, Peeples M, Ramilo O, Saxén H. RSV Specific Antibodies in Pregnant Women and Subsequent Risk of RSV Hospitalization in Young Infants. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1189-1196. [PMID: 34129040 PMCID: PMC8974854 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fusion (F) glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents the major neutralizing antigen, and antibodies against the pre-F conformation have the most potent neutralizing activity. This study aimed to assess the correlation between maternal antibody titers against the pre-F, post-F, and G glycoproteins and the child’s risk of developing severe RSV bronchiolitis early in infancy. Methods We identified previously healthy term infants <3 months of age hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis from December 2015 to March 2016. We measured IgG antibody titers to pre-F, post-F, and G proteins in maternal sera obtained at 9–12 weeks of pregnancy of these hospitalized infants’ mothers (n = 94) and compared them with serum antibody titers of control pregnant mothers (n = 130) whose children were not hospitalized. Results All maternal samples (n = 224) had detectable pre-F antibodies. Pre-F antibody titers were significantly lower in mothers whose infants were hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis compared with those mothers whose infants were not hospitalized (23.9 [range (or antibody titer range), 1.4–273.7] µg/L vs 30.6 [XXX, 3.4–220.0] µg/L; P = .0026). There were no significant differences in maternal post-F and G antibody titers between hospitalized and nonhospitalized infants. Conclusions Our findings indicate that maternal pre-F antibodies are fundamental for providing immune protection to the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koivisto
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Nieminen
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Mejias
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - C Capella
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F Ye
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Mertz
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - O Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - H Saxén
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Yaffe ZA, Naiman NE, Slyker J, Wines BD, Richardson BA, Hogarth PM, Bosire R, Farquhar C, Ngacha DM, Nduati R, John-Stewart G, Overbaugh J. Improved HIV-positive infant survival is correlated with high levels of HIV-specific ADCC activity in multiple cohorts. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100254. [PMID: 33948582 PMCID: PMC8080236 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Defining immune responses that protect humans against diverse HIV strains has been elusive. Studying correlates of protection from mother-to-child transmission provides a benchmark for HIV vaccine protection because passively transferred HIV antibodies are present during infant exposure to HIV through breast milk. A previous study by our group illustrated that passively acquired antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity is associated with improved infant survival whereas neutralization is not. Here, we show, in another cohort and with two effector measures, that passively acquired ADCC antibodies correlate with infant survival. In combined analyses of data from both cohorts, there are highly statistically significant associations between higher infant survival and passively acquired ADCC levels (p = 0.029) as well as dimeric FcγRIIa (p = 0.002) or dimeric FcγRIIIa binding (p < 0.001). These results suggest that natural killer (NK) cell- and monocyte antibody-mediated effector functions may contribute to the observed survival benefit and support a role of pre-existing ADCC-mediating antibodies in clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak A. Yaffe
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicole E. Naiman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Slyker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9 Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbra A. Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9 Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rose Bosire
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, 20752-00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9 Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dorothy Mbori Ngacha
- HIV Section, United Nations Children’s Fund, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 9 Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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24
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Orije MRP, Larivière Y, Herzog SA, Mahieu LM, Van Damme P, Leuridan E, Maertens K. Breast milk antibody levels in Tdap vaccinated women after preterm delivery. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e1305-e1313. [PMID: 33768227 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND & AIMS Enrichment of breast milk (BM) with immunoglobin (Ig)A and IgG, through maternal vaccination, could help young infants combat targeted pathogens. However, evidence on this effect after preterm delivery is lacking. This study investigated the total and anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) specific IgA and IgG production in BM after term or preterm delivery in the presence of maternal Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) vaccination. METHODS Serum and BM samples of lactating women, who delivered at term or prematurely and did or did not receive Tdap vaccine (Boostrix®, GSK Biologicals) during pregnancy, were collected as part of a clinical study (N=234, NCT02511327). Anti-PT IgA/IgG (IBL®; MSD®) and Total IgA/IgG (Thermofisher®, on BM samples only) immunosorbent assays were performed on all samples collected at 72 hours, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postpartum. RESULTS BM after preterm delivery contained anti-PT IgA and IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) comparable to those after term delivery (e.g. colostrum anti-PT IgA: 5.39 International Units per milliliter (IU/mL) vs 6.69 IU/mL, respectively). Maternal Tdap vaccination induced significantly higher anti-PT IgG GMC's in colostrum of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated women delivering at term (0.110 IU/mL vs 0.027 IU/mL, p=0.009). Compliance with postpartum vaccination led to no differences in BM after 4 weeks postpartum. Anti-PT antibodies persisted up to 12 weeks postpartum. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that maternal Tdap vaccination induces high Ig levels in BM after both term and preterm delivery and that these antibodies remain abundantly present throughout lactation, possibly offering additional mucosal protection during the most vulnerable period in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein R P Orije
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ynke Larivière
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sereina A Herzog
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ludo M Mahieu
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology; University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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25
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Alonso S, Vidal M, Ruiz-Olalla G, González R, Manaca MN, Jairoce C, Vázquez-Santiago M, Balcells R, Vala A, Rupérez M, Cisteró P, Fuente-Soro L, Cova M, Angov E, Nhacolo A, Sevene E, Aponte JJ, Macete E, Aguilar R, Mayor A, Menéndez C, Dobaño C, Moncunill G. Reduced Placental Transfer of Antibodies Against a Wide Range of Microbial and Vaccine Antigens in HIV-Infected Women in Mozambique. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614246. [PMID: 33746958 PMCID: PMC7965965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplacental transfer of antibodies is essential for conferring protection in newborns against infectious diseases. We assessed the impact of different factors, including gestational age and maternal infections such as HIV and malaria, on the efficiency of cord blood levels and placental transfer of IgG subclasses. We measured total IgG and IgG subclasses by quantitative suspension array technology against 14 pathogens and vaccine antigens, including targets of maternal immunization, in 341 delivering HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected mother-infant pairs from southern Mozambique. We analyzed the association of maternal HIV infection, Plasmodium falciparum exposure, maternal variables and pregnancy outcomes on cord antibody levels and transplacental transfer. Our results show that maternal antibody levels were the main determinant of cord antibody levels. Univariable and multivariable analysis showed that HIV reduced the placental transfer and cord levels of IgG and IgG1 principally, but also IgG2 to half of the antigens tested. P. falciparum exposure and prematurity were negatively associated with cord antibody levels and placental transfer, but this was antigen-subclass dependent. Our findings suggest that lower maternally transferred antibodies may underlie increased susceptibility to infections of HIV-exposed infants. This could affect efficacy of maternal vaccination, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a high prevalence of HIV, malaria and unfavorable environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel González
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - M. Nelia Manaca
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Reyes Balcells
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Anifa Vala
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - María Rupérez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pau Cisteró
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fuente-Soro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Marta Cova
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evelina Angov
- U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Arsenio Nhacolo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Esperança Sevene
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Physiologic Science, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John J. Aponte
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Eusebio Macete
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
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26
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Sparks AM, Hayward AD, Watt K, Pilkington JG, Pemberton JM, Johnston SE, McNeilly TN, Nussey DH. Maternally derived anti-helminth antibodies predict offspring survival in a wild mammal. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201931. [PMID: 33234082 PMCID: PMC7739501 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of antibodies from mother to offspring provides crucial protection against infection to offspring during early life in humans and domestic and laboratory animals. However, few studies have tested the consequences of variation in maternal antibody transfer for offspring fitness in the wild. Further, separating the immunoprotective effects of antibodies from their association with nutritional resources provided by mothers is difficult. Here, we measured plasma levels of total and parasite-specific antibodies in neonatal (less than 10 days old) wild Soay sheep over 25 years to quantify variation in maternal antibody transfer and test its association with offspring survival. Maternal antibody transfer was predicted by maternal age and previous antibody responses, and was consistent within mothers across years. Neonatal total IgG antibody levels were positively related to early growth, suggesting they reflected nutritional transfer. Neonatal parasite-specific IgG levels positively predicted first-year survival, independent of lamb weight, total IgG levels and subsequent lamb parasite-specific antibody levels. This relationship was partly mediated via an indirect negative association with parasite burden. We show that among-female variation in maternal antibody transfer can have long-term effects on offspring growth, parasite burden and fitness in the wild, and is likely to impact naturally occurring host–parasite dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Sparks
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Adam D Hayward
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Kathryn Watt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Josephine M Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Susan E Johnston
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
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27
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Reijniers J, Tersago K, Borremans B, Hartemink N, Voutilainen L, Henttonen H, Leirs H. Why Hantavirus Prevalence Does Not Always Increase With Host Density: Modeling the Role of Host Spatial Behavior and Maternal Antibodies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:536660. [PMID: 33134187 PMCID: PMC7550670 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.536660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For wildlife diseases, one often relies on host density to predict host infection prevalence and the subsequent force of infection to humans in the case of zoonoses. Indeed, if transmission is mainly indirect, i.e., by way of the environment, the force of infection is expected to increase with host density, yet the laborious field data supporting this theoretical claim are often absent. Hantaviruses are among those zoonoses that have been studied extensively over the past decades, as they pose a significant threat to humans. In Europe, the most widespread hantavirus is the Puumala virus (PUUV), which is carried by the bank vole and causes nephropathia epidemica (NE) in humans. Extensive field campaigns have been carried out in Central Finland to shed light on this supposed relationship between bank vole density and PUUV prevalence and to identify other drivers for the infection dynamics. This resulted in the surprising observation that the relationship between bank vole density and PUUV prevalence is not purely monotonic on an annual basis, contrary to what previous models predicted: a higher vole density does not necessary result in a higher infection prevalence, nor in an increased number of humans reported having NE. Here, we advance a novel individual-based spatially-explicit model which takes into account the immunity provided by maternal antibodies and which simulates the spatial behavior of the host, both possible causes for this discrepancy that were not accounted for in previous models. We show that the reduced prevalence in peak years can be attributed to transient immunity, and that the density-dependent spatial vole behavior, i.e., the fact that home ranges are smaller in high density years, plays only a minor role. The applicability of the model is not limited to the study and prediction of PUUV (and NE) occurrence in Europe, as it could be easily adapted to model other rodent-borne diseases, either with indirect or direct transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Reijniers
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Active Perception Lab, Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katrien Tersago
- Agentschap Zorg en Gezondheid, Government Administration, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benny Borremans
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nienke Hartemink
- Theoretical Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Heikki Henttonen
- Terrestrial Population Dynamics, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Herwig Leirs
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Kurtis JD, Raj DK, Michelow IC, Park S, Nixon CE, McDonald EA, Nixon CP, Pond-Tor S, Jha A, Taliano RJ, Kabyemela ER, Friedman JF, Duffy PE, Fried M. Maternally-derived Antibodies to Schizont Egress Antigen-1 and Protection of Infants From Severe Malaria. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1718-1724. [PMID: 30165569 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In holoendemic areas, children suffer the most from Plasmodium falciparum malaria, yet newborns and young infants express a relative resistance to both infection and severe malarial disease (SM). This relative resistance has been ascribed to maternally-derived anti-parasite immunoglobulin G; however, the targets of these protective antibodies remain elusive. METHODS We enrolled 647 newborns at birth from a malaria-holoendemic region of Tanzania. We collected cord blood, measured antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Schizont Egress Antigen-1 (PfSEA-1), and related these antibodies to the risk of severe malaria in the first year of life. In addition, we vaccinated female mice with PbSEA-1, mated them, and challenged their pups with P. berghei ANKA parasites to assess the impact of maternal PbSEA-1 vaccination on newborns' resistance to malaria. RESULTS Children with high cord-blood anti-PfSEA-1 antibody levels had 51.4% fewer cases of SM compared to individuals with lower anti-PfSEA-1 levels over 12 months of follow-up (P = .03). In 3 trials, pups born to PbSEA-1-vaccinated dams had significantly lower parasitemia and longer survival following a P. berghei challenge compared to pups born to control dams. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that maternally-derived, cord-blood anti-PfSEA-1 antibodies predict decreased risk of SM in infants and vaccination of mice with PbSEA-1 prior to pregnancy protects their offspring from lethal P. berghei challenge. These results identify, for the first time, a parasite-specific target of maternal antibodies that protect infants from SM and suggest that vaccination of pregnant women with PfSEA-1 may afford a survival advantage to their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kurtis
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Dipak K Raj
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Ian C Michelow
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Sangshin Park
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Christina E Nixon
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Emily A McDonald
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Christian P Nixon
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Sunthorn Pond-Tor
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Ambrish Jha
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Ross J Taliano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Edward R Kabyemela
- Mother Offspring Malaria Studies (MOMS) Project, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Washington.,Muheza Designated District Hospital.,Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jennifer F Friedman
- Center for International Health Research, Brown University Medical School, Providence.,Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michal Fried
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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29
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Ashash U, Noach C, Perelman B, Costello C, Sansalone P, Brazil T, Raviv Z. In Ovo and Day of Hatch Application of a Live Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Vaccine to Commercial Broilers. Avian Dis 2020; 63:713-720. [PMID: 31865687 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an economically important disease of young chickens caused by an Avibirnavirus, the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The causative virus is highly resilient in poultry environments and vaccination is the most effective measure for IBDV control. However, both the suspected neutralization of highly attenuated strains by maternal antibodies and the assumed virulence of partly attenuated strains have limited the implementation of conventional live IBDV vaccine strains in pre- and posthatch chicks. Nevertheless, preliminary data have raised questions about the validity of this prevailing dogma. To investigate the possible application of a live IBDV intermediate plus vaccine strain, the IBDV MB-1, to maternally immunized chicken embryos and day-of-hatch chicks, four large-scale field trials have been conducted in distinct global locations. The four trials have measured the relative safety, IBDV immunization parameters, and production performances of MB-1 vs. the established live and immune complex IBDV vaccines in a variety of commercial broiler systems. The overall health and production performances in all four trials have been similar or better in the MB-1 groups. The results challenge the prevailing notion that live IBDV strains may be neutralized or break through maternal immunity and induce permanent damage to the young broiler chick's immune response. A delayed replication phenomenon following parenteral administration of the live IBDV vaccine strain has been observed, while the delayed replication mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study's findings warrant further investigation of conventional live IBDV vaccine strains as an alternative for pre- and posthatch broilers active immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udi Ashash
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Caroline Noach
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Beny Perelman
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Charles Costello
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Pablo Sansalone
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Thiago Brazil
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, 2 Ha'Negev St., Airport City, 7010000 Israel
| | - Ziv Raviv
- ZER Veterinary Consulting, Ltd., Yehuda Hanasi 79, Herzelia, 4600826 Israel,
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30
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Buchwald AG, Graham BS, Traore A, Haidara FC, Chen M, Morabito K, Lin BC, Sow SO, Levine MM, Pasetti MF, Tapia MD. RSV neutralizing antibodies at birth predict protection from RSV illness in infants in the first three months of life. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e4421-e4427. [PMID: 32463443 PMCID: PMC8662775 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of viral pneumonia and bronchiolitis during the first 6 months of life. Placentally transferred antibodies can prevent severe RSV illness, and maternal immunization may reduce illness in young infants. Identification of protective antibody levels facilitates the advancement of vaccine candidates and maternal immunization. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study with 587 Malian mother–infant pairs, followed from birth to age 6 months. RSV cases were infants who developed influenza-like illness (ILI) or pneumonia and were RSV-positive by polymerase chain reaction. Cases were matched to healthy controls and RSV-negative ILI controls. RSV-A and RSV-B neutralizing antibodies were measured in maternal, cord blood, and infant sera at age 3 and 6 months. Results Maternal antibodies were efficiently transferred to infants. Maternal and infant RSV titers were strongly correlated. Infant antibody titers against RSV-A were 3 times higher than those against RSV-B. At birth, infants who remained healthy had significantly higher RSV-A and RSV-B titers compared with infants who subsequently contracted RSV. RSV-A inhibitory concentration (IC)80 titer >239 or RSV-B titer >60 at birth was significantly associated with being a healthy control compared with an RSV case within the first 3 months of life. RSV-A IC80 titers in cord blood were associated with decreased episodes of pneumonia. Conclusions Maternally acquired RSV antibodies were associated with protection of infants against community-detected cases of RSV-ILI and pneumonia. RSV titers in cord blood can predict whether an infant will be infected with RSV or remain uninfected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Buchwald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Awa Traore
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins - Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Man Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Samba O Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins - Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Myron M Levine
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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31
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Goetghebuer T, Smolen KK, Adler C, Das J, McBride T, Smits G, Lecomte S, Haelterman E, Barlow P, Piedra PA, van der Klis F, Kollmann TR, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G, Levy J, Marchant A. Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Before Pregnancy Reduces the Risk of Infection-related Hospitalization in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-exposed Uninfected Infants Born in a High-income Country. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1193-1203. [PMID: 30215689 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies conducted in low- and high-income countries showed that infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a high risk of severe infections. Immune alterations during fetal life have been proposed as a possible mechanism. METHODS This prospective study assessed the relative risk of hospitalization for infection in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants as compared to HIV-unexposed (HU) infants born in a high-income country (HIC). Markers of monocyte activation and levels of pathogen-specific antibodies were measured at birth to identify correlates of infant susceptibility. RESULTS There were 27 of 132 HEU infants and 14 of 123 HU infants hospitalized for infection during the first year of life (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-4.97). Most of this increased risk was associated with the time of initiation of maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART). As compared to HU infants, the risk of hospitalization for infection of HEU infants was 4-fold higher when mothers initiated ART during pregnancy (aHR 3.84, 95% CI 1.69-8.71) and was not significantly increased when ART was initiated before pregnancy (aHR 1.42, 95% CI 0.58-3.48). The activation of newborn monocytes and the reduced transfer of maternal antibodies were most intense following ART initiation during pregnancy, and predicted the risk of infant hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that initiation of maternal ART before pregnancy reduces the susceptibility of HEU infants born in a HIC to severe infections, and that this effect could be related to the prevention of immune alterations during fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Trevor McBride
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gaby Smits
- National Institute of Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Lecomte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | - Patricia Barlow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro A Piedra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fiona van der Klis
- National Institute of Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jack Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Saint-Pierre, Brussels
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
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Doepker LE, Simonich CA, Ralph D, Shipley MM, Garrett M, Gobillot T, Vigdorovich V, Sather DN, Nduati R, Matsen FA, Overbaugh JM. Diversity and Function of Maternal HIV-1-Specific Antibodies at the Time of Vertical Transmission. J Virol 2020; 94:e01594-19. [PMID: 32075936 PMCID: PMC7163126 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01594-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants of HIV-positive mothers can acquire HIV infection by various routes, but even in the absence of antiviral treatment, the majority of these infants do not become infected. There is evidence that maternal antibodies provide some protection from infection, but gestational maternal antibodies have not yet been characterized in detail. One of the most studied vertically infected infants is BG505, as the virus from this infant yielded an Envelope protein that was successfully developed as a stable trimer. Here, we isolated and characterized 39 HIV-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) from MG505, the mother of BG505, at a time point just prior to vertical transmission. These nAbs belonged to 21 clonal families and employed a variety of VH genes. Many were specific for the HIV-1 Env V3 loop, and this V3 specificity correlated with measurable antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. The isolated nAbs did not recapitulate the full breadth of heterologous or autologous virus neutralization by contemporaneous plasma. Notably, we found that the V3-targeting nAb families neutralized one particular maternal Env variant, even though all tested variants had low V3 sequence diversity and were measurably bound by these nAbs. None of the nAbs neutralized BG505 transmitted virus. Furthermore, the MG505 nAb families were found at relatively low frequencies within the maternal B cell repertoire; all were less than 0.25% of total IgG sequences. Our findings illustrate an example of the diversity of HIV-1 nAbs within one mother, cumulatively resulting in a collection of antibody specificities that can contribute to the transmission bottleneck.IMPORTANCE Mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1 offers a unique setting in which maternal antibodies both within the mother and passively transferred to the infant are present at the time of viral exposure. Untreated HIV-exposed human infants are infected at a rate of 30 to 40%, meaning that some infants do not get infected despite continued exposure to virus. Since the potential of HIV-specific immune responses to provide protection against HIV is a central goal of HIV vaccine design, understanding the nature of maternal antibodies may provide insights into immune mechanisms of protection. In this study, we isolated and characterized HIV-specific antibodies from the mother of an infant whose transmitted virus has been well studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Doepker
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cassandra A Simonich
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Duncan Ralph
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mackenzie M Shipley
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meghan Garrett
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theodore Gobillot
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vladimir Vigdorovich
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Frederick A Matsen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julie M Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Cullen LM, Boukhvalova MS, Blanco JCG, Morrison TG. Comparisons of Antibody Populations in Different Pre-Fusion F VLP-Immunized Cotton Rat Dams and Their Offspring. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E133. [PMID: 32197348 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection poses a significant risk for infants. Since the direct vaccination of infants is problematic, maternal vaccination may provide a safer, more effective approach to their protection. In the cotton rat (CR) model, we have compared the immunization of pregnant CR dams with virus-like particles assembled with the prototype mutation stabilized pre-fusion F protein, DS-Cav1, as well two alternative mutation stabilized pre-fusion proteins (UC-2 F, UC-3 F) and showed that the alternative pre-fusion F VLPs protected the offspring of immunized dams significantly better than DS-Cav1 F VLPs (Blanco, et al. J. Virol. 93: e00914). Here, we have addressed the reasons for this increased protection by characterizing the specificities of antibodies in the sera of both immunized dams and their offspring. The approach was to measure the levels of total anti-pre-F IgG serum antibodies that would block the binding of representative pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibodies to soluble pre-fusion F protein targets. Strikingly, we found that the sera in most offspring of DS-Cav1 F VLP-immunized dams had no mAb D25-blocking antibodies, although their dams had robust levels. In contrast, all offspring of UC-3 F VLP-immunized dams had robust levels of these D25-blocking antibodies. Both sets of pup sera had significant levels of mAb AM14-blocking antibodies, indicating that all pups received maternal antibodies. A lack of mAb D25-blocking antibodies in the offspring of DS-Cav1 F VLP-immunized dams may account for the lower protection of their pups from challenge compared to the offspring of UC-3 F VLP-immunized dams.
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Partecke J, Hegyi G, Fitze PS, Gasparini J, Schwabl H. Maternal effects and urbanization: Variation of yolk androgens and immunoglobulin in city and forest blackbirds. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2213-2224. [PMID: 32128150 PMCID: PMC7042752 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife inhabiting urban environments exhibit drastic changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior. It has often been argued that these phenotypic responses could be the result of micro-evolutionary changes following the urbanization process. However, other mechanisms such as phenotypic plasticity, maternal effects, and developmental plasticity could be involved as well. To address maternal effects as potential mechanisms, we compared maternal hormone and antibody concentrations in eggs between city and forest populations of European blackbirds (Turdus merula), a widely distributed species for which previous research demonstrated differences in behavioral and physiological traits. We measured egg and yolk mass, yolk concentrations of androgens (androstenedione [A4], testosterone [T], 5α-dihydrotestosterone [5α-DHT], and immunoglobulins [IgY]) and related them to population, clutch size, laying order, embryo sex, and progress of breeding season. We show (a) earlier onset of laying in the city than forest population, but similar egg and clutch size; (b) higher overall yolk androgen concentrations in the forest than the city population (sex-dependent for T); (c) greater among-female variation of yolk T and 5α-DHT concentrations in the forest than city population, but similar within-clutch variation; (d) similar IgY concentrations with a seasonal decline in both populations; and (e) population-specific positive (city) or negative (forest) association of yolk A4 and T with IgY concentrations. Our results are consistent with the hypotheses that hormone-mediated maternal effects contribute to differences in behavioral and physiological traits between city and forest individuals and that yolk androgen and immunoglobulin levels can exhibit population-specific relationships rather than trade-off against each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesko Partecke
- Department of MigrationMax Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive BiologyWashington State University PullmanPullmanWAUSA
| | - Gergely Hegyi
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive BiologyWashington State University PullmanPullmanWAUSA
- Department of Systematic Zoology and EcologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Julien Gasparini
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPECCNRSINRAIRDInstitut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de ParisParisFrance
| | - Hubert Schwabl
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive BiologyWashington State University PullmanPullmanWAUSA
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Sathiyanarayanan S, Kumar P, Rao CR, Kumar A, Kamath A, Kamath V. Prevalence of Maternal Measles Antibody and Its Associated Factors among Infants in Coastal Karnataka, India. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:83-88. [PMID: 32029990 PMCID: PMC6985954 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_259_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current recommendation in India to commence first dose of measles immunization is at 9 months of age. The effectiveness of measles vaccination is greatly impacted by the level of maternal measles antibody (MMA) during infancy. OBJECTIVES To find the prevalence of MMA and to study the maternal and infant factors associated with persistence of MMA among the infants in a Indian rural community. METHODOLOGY Dried blood spot sample was collected before vaccination among infants aged 9 months and above when they came for first dose of measles vaccine to assess measles-specific maternal IgG antibody titers by enzyme immunoassay. Maternal and child factors influencing persistence of MMA were collected by interviewing the mothers. Association between various factors affecting seropositivity was tested using univariate logistic regression analysis and strength of association is reported as risk ratio with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Based on the qualitative estimation among all the recruited children (250) in the study, 4 (1.6%) infants showed the presence of MMA whereas 25 (10%) of children had MMA on quantitative estimation. The effect of maternal factors, child nutrition, and sociodemographic factors on the presence of MMA was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The prevalence of persistent MMA (IgG titer ≥200 mIU/ml) among the infants aged 9-12 months was 10%. The choice of vaccinating infants at the end of 9 months for the first dose of measles vaccine is justified as the remaining (90%) of infants were susceptible for measles infection at this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chythra R. Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Gomez-Chamorro A, Heinrich V, Sarr A, Roethlisberger O, Genné D, Bregnard C, Jacquet M, Voordouw MJ. Maternal Antibodies Provide Bank Voles with Strain-Specific Protection against Infection by the Lyme Disease Pathogen. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01887-19. [PMID: 31540991 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01887-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multistrain microbial pathogens often induce strain-specific antibody responses in their vertebrate hosts. Mothers can transmit antibodies to their offspring, which can provide short-term, strain-specific protection against infection. Few experimental studies have investigated this phenomenon for multiple strains of zoonotic pathogens occurring in wildlife reservoir hosts. The tick-borne bacterium Borrelia afzelii causes Lyme disease in Europe and consists of multiple strains that cycle between the tick vector (Ixodes ricinus) and vertebrate hosts, such as the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). We used a controlled experiment to show that female bank voles infected with B. afzelii via tick bite transmit protective antibodies to their offspring. To test the specificity of protection, the offspring were challenged using a natural tick bite challenge with either the maternal strain to which the mothers had been exposed or a different strain. The maternal antibodies protected the offspring against a homologous infectious challenge but not against a heterologous infectious challenge. The offspring from the uninfected control mothers were equally susceptible to both strains. Borrelia outer surface protein C (OspC) is an antigen that is known to induce strain-specific immunity. Maternal antibodies in the offspring reacted more strongly with homologous than with heterologous recombinant OspC, but other antigens may also mediate strain-specific immunity. Our study shows that maternal antibodies provide strain-specific protection against B. afzelii in an ecologically important rodent reservoir host. The transmission of maternal antibodies may have important consequences for the epidemiology of multistrain pathogens in nature.IMPORTANCE Many microbial pathogen populations consist of multiple strains that induce strain-specific antibody responses in their vertebrate hosts. Females can transmit these antibodies to their offspring, thereby providing them with short-term strain-specific protection against microbial pathogens. We investigated this phenomenon using multiple strains of the tick-borne microbial pathogen Borrelia afzelii and its natural rodent reservoir host, the bank vole, as a model system. We found that female bank voles infected with B. afzelii transmitted to their offspring maternal antibodies that provided highly efficient but strain-specific protection against a natural tick bite challenge. The transgenerational transfer of antibodies could be a mechanism that maintains the high strain diversity of this tick-borne pathogen in nature.
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Collins CA, Gelinas L, Yasukawa LL, Audet S, Abu-Raya B, Turvey SE, Beeler JA, Kollmann TR, Gans HA. Measles Maternal Antibodies With Low Avidity Do Not Interfere With the Establishment of Robust Quantity and Quality Antibody Responses After the Primary Dose of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Administered at 12-Months of Age. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 9:752-755. [PMID: 31644795 PMCID: PMC7864143 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we illustrate, for the first time, that preexisting low-avidity neutralizing measles maternal antibodies do not interfere with the development of high concentrations of high-avidity measles antibodies in children immunized at age 12 months. This suggests that the quality of measles maternal antibodies, rather than the quantity, impacts immunogenicity of primary measles immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen A Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego/University of California–San Diego,, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Laura Gelinas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Linda L Yasukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Susette Audet
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Judy A Beeler
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hayley A Gans
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA,Correspondence: Hayley Gans, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, G312, Stanford, CA 94305–5208 ()
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Kivisi CA, Muthui M, Hunt M, Fegan G, Otto TD, Githinji G, Warimwe GM, Rance R, Marsh K, Bull PC, Abdi AI. Exploring Plasmodium falciparum Var Gene Expression to Assess Host Selection Pressure on Parasites During Infancy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2328. [PMID: 31681266 PMCID: PMC6798654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, children below 5 years bear the greatest burden of severe malaria because they lack naturally acquired immunity that develops following repeated exposure to infections by Plasmodium falciparum. Antibodies to the surface of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) play an important role in this immunity. In children under the age of 6 months, relative protection from severe malaria is observed and this is thought to be partly due to trans-placental acquired protective maternal antibodies. However, the protective effect of maternal antibodies has not been fully established, especially the role of antibodies to variant surface antigens (VSA) expressed on IE. Here, we assessed the immune pressure on parasites infecting infants using markers associated with the acquisition of naturally acquired immunity to surface antigens. We hypothesized that, if maternal antibodies to VSA imposed a selection pressure on parasites, then the expression of a relatively conserved subset of var genes called group A var genes in infants should change with waning maternal antibodies. To test this, we compared their expression in parasites from children between 0 and 12 months and above 12 months of age. The transcript quantity and the proportional expression of group A var subgroup, including those containing domain cassette 13, were positively associated with age during the first year of life, which contrasts with above 12 months. This was accompanied by a decline in infected erythrocyte surface antibodies and an increase in parasitemia during this period. The observed increase in group A var gene expression with age in the first year of life, when the maternal antibodies are waning and before acquisition of naturally acquired antibodies with repeated exposure, is consistent with the idea that maternally acquired antibodies impose a selection pressure on parasites that infect infants and may play a role in protecting these infants against severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Kivisi
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Pwani University Biosciences Research Centre, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Martin Hunt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Fegan
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | | | - George M Warimwe
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Rance
- Pwani University Biosciences Research Centre, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kevin Marsh
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Bull
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Abdirahman I Abdi
- KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Pwani University Biosciences Research Centre, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
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Schneiders GH, Riblet SM, García M. Attenuation and Protection Efficacy of a Recombinant Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Depleted of Open Reading Frame C (ΔORFC) when Delivered in ovo. Avian Dis 2019; 62:143-151. [PMID: 29944395 DOI: 10.1637/11585-010917-regr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to produce more stable vaccines for infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), recombinant strains with deletion of genes associated with virulence have been evaluated for attenuation and protection efficacy. Among viral genes associated with virulence, a cluster of five open reading frames (ORFs; A through E) have been identified. An attenuated ILTV recombinant strain with deletion of the ORF C gene induced protection comparable to that elicited by the tissue culture origin (TCO) vaccine when administered via eyedrop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attenuation and protection efficacy of the ΔORF C strain when delivered in ovo to maternal antibody negative (MAb-) and maternal antibody positive (MAb+) embryos. In ovo delivery of the ΔORF C strain did not affected hatchability or body weight gain, while virus transmission to contact chickens was minor. Nevertheless, nine of ninety (10%) of MAb- chickens vaccinated with the ΔORF C strain showed marked dyspnea, and upon postmortem examination bloody mucoid plugs and high viral genome load were detected in their tracheas. Moreover, the ΔORF C strain induced satisfactory protection in MAb- chickens, but marginal protection in MAb+ chickens after challenge. The reduced protection observed for MAb+ groups of chickens was likely caused by the interference of maternally derived antibodies. This report presents the use of a genetically attenuated ILTV strain delivered in ovo as a potential new approach in the control of ILTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Schneiders
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Sylva M Riblet
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Maricarmen García
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
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40
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Arankalle VA, Kulkarni R, Malshe N, Palkar S, Lalwani S, Mishra AC. Seroepidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in western India with special reference to appropriate age for infant vaccination. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1566-1570. [PMID: 31012488 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant infant mortality worldwide and a vaccine may be available soon. This study determined age-stratified anti-RSV antibody positivity (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) at Pune, India (cord blood-85 years). Antibody positivity declined from 100% at birth to 71.3% (3 months), and 0.7% (6 months). A significant rise was noted at 15 months (16%), 16 to 24 months (64.5%) and 4 years (95.2%) with concomitant IgM-anti-RSV positivity indicative of recent infection. Antibody decline was higher in infants born preterm than full-term. Across subsequent age groups including the elderly, antibody positivity was similar and comparable, suggestive of repeated exposure to the virus. Early protection/vaccination is essential for the infant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya A Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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41
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Beversdorf DQ, Stevens HE, Margolis KG, Van de Water J. Prenatal Stress and Maternal Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Potential Points for Intervention. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4331-4343. [PMID: 31742491 PMCID: PMC7100710 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191119093335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetics is a major etiological contributor to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Environmental factors, however, also appear to contribute. ASD pathophysiology due to gene x environment is also beginning to be explored. One reason to focus on environmental factors is that they may allow opportunities for intervention or prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we review two such factors that have been associated with a significant proportion of ASD risk, prenatal stress exposure and maternal immune dysregulation. Maternal stress susceptibility appears to interact with prenatal stress exposure to affect offspring neurodevelopment. We also explore how maternal stress may interact with the microbiome in the neurodevelopmental setting. Additionally, understanding of the impact of maternal immune dysfunction on ASD has recently been advanced by recognition of specific fetal brain proteins targeted by maternal autoantibodies, and identification of unique mid-gestational maternal immune profiles. This might also be interrelated with maternal stress exposure. Animal models have been developed to explore pathophysiology targeting each of these factors. CONCLUSION We are beginning to understand the behavioral, pharmacopathological, and epigenetic effects related to these interactions, and we are beginning to explore potential mitigating factors. Continued growth in understanding of these mechanisms may ultimately allow for the identification of multiple potential targets for prevention or intervention for this subset of environmental-associated ASD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q. Beversdorf
- Departments of Radiology, Neurology, and Psychological Sciences, and The Thompson Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri, William and Nancy Thompson Endowed Chair in Radiology
| | - Hanna E. Stevens
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, And the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis
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Karelehto E, Wildenbeest JG, Benschop KSM, Koen G, Rebers S, Bouma-de Jongh S, Westerhuis BM, de Jong MD, Pajkrt D, Wolthers KC. Human Parechovirus 1, 3 and 4 Neutralizing Antibodies in Dutch Mothers and Infants and Their Role in Protection Against Disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:1304-8. [PMID: 30382954 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are common pathogens in young children, and in the Netherlands, HPeV1, HPeV3 and HPeV4 are the most frequently detected genotypes. HPeV3 in particular has been associated with severe disease in young infants below 3 months of age while the other genotypes more often infect older children and elicit mild symptoms. We investigated if maternal neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against HPeV1, HPeV3 and HPeV4 protect young Dutch infants from severe disease related to HPeV infection. METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study of Dutch mother-infant pairs. Thirty-eight HPeV-infected infants and their mothers were included as cases, and 65 HPeV-negative children and their mothers as controls. RESULTS In control infants, we observed nAb seropositivity rates of 41.4%, 33.3% and 27.6%, with median nAb titers of 1:16, 1:12 and 1:8, against HPeV1, HPeV3 and HPeV4, respectively. In control mothers, nAb seropositivity rates were 84.6%, 55.4% and 60.0% with median nAb titers of 1:128, 1:32 and 1:45 against HPeV1, HPeV3 and HPeV4, respectively. The HPeV3 nAb seroprevalence was significantly lower in HPeV3-infected infants and their mothers (0.0% with P < 0.05 and 10.0% with P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, no differences in nAb seroprevalence against HPeV1 or HPeV4 could be detected between case and control infants or mothers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that young Dutch infants are protected against severe disease related to HPeV1 and HPeV4 by maternal nAbs, but less so against HPeV3 explaining the distinct age distributions and disease severity profiles of children infected with these HPeV genotypes.
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Gaensbauer JT, Gast C, Bandyopadhyay AS, O’Ryan M, Saez-Llorens X, Rivera L, Lopez-Medina E, Melgar M, Weldon WC, Oberste MS, Rüttimann R, Clemens R, Asturias EJ. Impact of Maternal Antibody on the Immunogenicity of Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Infants Immunized With Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine: Implications for the Polio Eradication Endgame. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:S57-S65. [PMID: 30376095 PMCID: PMC6206111 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantifying interference of maternal antibodies with immune responses to varying dose schedules of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is important for the polio endgame as IPV replaces oral polio vaccine (OPV). Methods Type 2 poliovirus humoral and intestinal responses were analyzed using pre-IPV type 2 seropositivity as proxy for maternal antibodies from 2 trials in Latin America. Infants received 1 or 2 doses of IPV in sequential IPV-bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) or mixed bOPV-IPV schedules. Results Among infants vaccinated with bOPV at age 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age and IPV at 14 weeks, those with type 2 pre-IPV seropositivity had lower seroprotection rates than seronegative infants at 4 weeks (92.7% vs 83.8%; difference, 8.9% [95% confidence interval, 0.6%-19.9%]; n = 260) and 22 weeks (82.7% vs 60.4%; difference, 22.3 [12.8%-32.4%]; n = 481) post-IPV. A second IPV at age 36 weeks resulted in 100% seroprotection in both groups. Among infants vaccinated with 1 IPV at age 8 weeks followed by 2 doses of bOPV, pre-IPV type 2-seropositive infants had lower seroprotection at age 28 weeks than those who were seronegative (93.0% vs 73.9%; difference, 19.6% [95% confidence interval, 7.3%-29.4%]; n = 168). A second dose of IPV at 16 weeks achieved >97% seroprotection at age 24 or 28 weeks, regardless of pre-IPV status. Poliovirus shedding after challenge with monovalent OPV, serotype 2, was higher in pre-IPV seropositive infants given sequential IPV-bOPV. No differences were observed in the mixed bOPV-IPV schedule. Conclusions The presence of maternal antibody is associated with lower type 2 post-IPV seroprotection rates among infants who receive a single dose of IPV. This impact persists until late in infancy and is overcome by a second IPV dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Gaensbauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Center for Global Health and Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
- Denver Health Hospital Authority, Colorado
| | - Chris Gast
- Independent Biostatistics Consultant, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Miguel O’Ryan
- Microbiology and Mycology Program and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago
| | | | - Luis Rivera
- Center for Neonatal Research, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Eduardo Lopez-Medina
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle and Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mario Melgar
- Hospital Roosevelt and University Francisco Marroquin School of Medicine, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Ricardo Rüttimann
- Fighting Infectious Diseases in Emerging Countries (FIDEC), Miami, Florida
| | - Ralf Clemens
- Global Research in Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edwin J Asturias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Center for Global Health and Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
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Beran J, Lickliter JD, Schwarz TF, Johnson C, Chu L, Domachowske JB, Van Damme P, Withanage K, Fissette LA, David MP, Maleux K, Schmidt AC, Picciolato M, Dieussaert I. Safety and Immunogenicity of 3 Formulations of an Investigational Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine in Nonpregnant Women: Results From 2 Phase 2 Trials. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:1616-1625. [PMID: 29401325 PMCID: PMC5913599 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in neonates and infants. RSV vaccination during pregnancy could boost preexisting neutralizing antibody titers, providing passive protection to newborns. Methods Two observer-blinded, controlled studies (RSV F-020 [clinical trials registration NCT02360475] and RSV F-024 [NCT02753413]) evaluated immunogenicity and safety of an investigational RSV vaccine in healthy, nonpregnant 18-45-year-old women. Both studies used a licensed adult formulation of combined tetanus toxoid-diphtheria toxoid-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine as a control. RSV F-020 evaluated immunogenicity and safety: participants were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive 1 dose of RSV-prefusion F protein (PreF) vaccine containing 30 µg or 60 µg of nonadjuvanted RSV-PreF, 60 µg of aluminum-adjuvanted RSV-PreF, or Tdap. RSV F-024 evaluated safety: participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 1 dose of 60 µg of nonadjuvanted RSV-PreF or Tdap. Results Both studies showed similar reactogenicity profiles for RSV-PreF and Tdap. No serious adverse events were considered vaccine related. In RSV F-020, geometric mean ratios of RSV-A neutralizing antibody levels at day 30 versus prevaccination were 3.1-3.9 in RSV-PreF recipients and 0.9 in controls. Palivizumab-competing antibody concentrations increased >14-fold in RSV-PreF recipients on day 30. RSV antibody titers waned after day 30 but remained well above baseline through day 90. Conclusions All formulations of RSV-PreF boosted preexisting immune responses in 18-45-year old women with comparable immunogenicity. The RSV-PreF safety profile was similar to that of Tdap vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiři Beran
- Vaccination and Travel Medicine Centre, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tino F Schwarz
- Klinikum Würzburg Mitte, Standort Juliusspital, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Van Damme
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp
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Maertens K, Hoang TTH, Nguyen TD, Caboré RN, Duong TH, Huygen K, Hens N, Van Damme P, Dang DA, Leuridan E. The Effect of Maternal Pertussis Immunization on Infant Vaccine Responses to a Booster Pertussis-Containing Vaccine in Vietnam. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 63:S197-S204. [PMID: 27838673 PMCID: PMC5106623 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Maternal vaccination with an acellular pertussis (aP)–containing vaccine is a recommended strategy in a growing number of industrialized countries, to protect young infants from disease. Little is known on the effect of this strategy in low- and middle-income countries. Following a previous report on the effect of adding a pertussis and diphtheria component to the tetanus vaccination program in pregnant women in Vietnam, we report on infant immune responses to a booster aP vaccine dose in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods. Thirty infants of Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis)–vaccinated pregnant women and 37 infants of women vaccinated with a tetanus-only vaccine received a fourth aP-containing vaccine dose in the second year of life. Blood was taken 1 month after the fourth infant dose. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (Prn), tetanus toxoid (TT), and diphtheria toxoid (DT) were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results. One month after the booster dose, significantly lower antibody titers were measured in the Tdap group for anti-TT IgG (P < .001) only. Anti-DT IgG, anti-PT IgG, anti-Prn IgG, and anti-FHA IgG antibody titers were comparable for both groups. A rise in antibody concentrations was elicited for all (except DT) antigens after boosting. Conclusions. The present results indicate that the blunting of infant pertussis responses induced by maternal immunization, measured after a primary series of aP vaccines, was resolved with the booster aP vaccine dose. These results add to the evidence for national and international decision makers on maternal immunization as a vaccination strategy for protection of young infants against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thi Thu Ha Hoang
- Bacteriology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Dac Nguyen
- Bacteriology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Raïssa Nadège Caboré
- National Reference Centre Bordetella, National Reference Centre Toxigenic Corynebacteria, Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels
| | - Thi Hong Duong
- Bacteriology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kris Huygen
- National Reference Centre Bordetella, National Reference Centre Toxigenic Corynebacteria, Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels
| | - Niel Hens
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University.,Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Duc Anh Dang
- Bacteriology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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46
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Boulton ML, Wang X, Wagner AL, Zhang Y, Carlson BF, Gillespie BW, Ding Y. Measles Antibodies in Mother-Infant Dyads in Tianjin, China. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1122-1129. [PMID: 28968908 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many measles cases in Tianjin, China, occur in infants whose mothers were born after widespread vaccination programs. We assessed age-specific decreases in maternal measles antibodies in infants and examined maternal and infant characteristics in relation to infant antibody titers. Methods Infant and mother dyads were enrolled from a sample of immunization clinics in all Tianjin districts. Participants' antibody titers were measured from dried blood spots. A multivariable log-linear model regressed infant antibody titers onto infant and mother characteristics. Results Among 551 infants aged ≤8 months, protective levels of measles antibodies were observed in infants whose mothers had measles titers ≥800 IU/mL (mean antibody titer, 542.5 IU/mL) or 400 to <800 IU/mL (mean, 202.2 IU/mL). Compared with infants whose mothers had no history of disease or vaccination, those with a history of disease had 1.60 times higher titers (95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.43). Conclusions Limited vaccination programs in the 1980s have resulted in many Chinese women with inadequate protection against measles and an accordingly low efficiency of transplacental transmission to a fetus. Current vaccination programs, which target children aged 8 months through adolescence may be ineffective in controlling transmission of measles to infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Boulton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
| | - Xiexiu Wang
- Division of Expanded Programs on Immunization, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Division of Expanded Programs on Immunization, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | | | - Brenda W Gillespie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Yaxing Ding
- Division of Expanded Programs on Immunization, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, China
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47
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van Erp EA, van Kasteren PB, Guichelaar T, Ahout IML, de Haan CAM, Luytjes W, Ferwerda G, Wicht O. In Vitro Enhancement of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by Maternal Antibodies Does Not Explain Disease Severity in Infants. J Virol 2017; 91:e00851-17. [PMID: 28794038 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00851-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory illness in infants. At this young age, infants typically depend on maternally transferred antibodies (matAbs) and their innate immune system for protection against infections. RSV-specific matAbs are thought to protect from severe illness, yet severe RSV disease occurs mainly below 6 months of age, when neutralizing matAb levels are present. To investigate this discrepancy, we asked if disease severity is related to antibody properties other than neutralization. Some antibody effector functions are mediated via their Fc binding region. However, it has been shown that this binding may lead to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection or reduction of neutralization, both possibly leading to more disease. In this study, we first showed that high levels of ADE of RSV infection occur in monocytic THP-1 cells in the presence of RSV antibodies and that neutralization by these antibodies was reduced in Vero cells when they were transduced with Fc gamma receptors. We then demonstrated that antibodies from cotton rats with formalin-inactivated (FI)-RSV-induced pulmonary pathology were capable of causing ADE. Human matAbs also caused ADE and were less neutralizing in vitro in cells that carry Fc receptors. However, these effects were unrelated to disease severity because they were seen both in uninfected controls and in infants hospitalized with different levels of RSV disease severity. We conclude that ADE and reduction of neutralization are unlikely to be involved in RSV disease in infants with neutralizing matAbs.IMPORTANCE It is unclear why severity of RSV disease peaks at the age when infants have neutralizing levels of maternal antibodies. Additionally, the exact reason for FI-RSV-induced enhanced disease, as seen in the 1960s vaccine trials, is still unclear. We hypothesized that antibodies present under either of these conditions could contribute to disease severity. Antibodies can have effects that may lead to more disease instead of protection. We investigated two of those effects: antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) and neutralization reduction. We show that ADE occurs in vitro with antibodies from FI-RSV-immunized RSV-infected cotton rats. Moreover, passively acquired maternal antibodies from infants had the capacity to induce ADE and reduction of neutralization. However, no clear association with disease severity was seen, ruling out that these properties explain disease in the presence of maternal antibodies. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the impact of antibodies on RSV disease in infants.
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Julik E, Reyes-Del Valle J. A Recombinant Measles Vaccine with Enhanced Resistance to Passive Immunity. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100265. [PMID: 28934110 PMCID: PMC5691617 DOI: 10.3390/v9100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current measles vaccines suffer from poor effectiveness in young infants due primarily to the inhibitory effect of residual maternal immunity on vaccine responses. The development of a measles vaccine that resists such passive immunity would strongly contribute to the stalled effort toward measles eradication. In this concise communication, we show that a measles virus (MV) with enhanced hemagglutinin (H) expression and incorporation, termed MVvac2-H2, retained its enhanced immunogenicity, previously established in older mice, when administered to very young, genetically modified, MV-susceptible mice in the presence of passive anti-measles immunity. This immunity level mimics the sub-neutralizing immunity prevalent in infants too young to be vaccinated. Additionally, toward a more physiological small animal model of maternal anti-measles immunity interference, we document vertical transfer of passive anti-MV immunity in genetically-modified, MV susceptible mice and show in this physiological model a better MVvac2-H2 immunogenic profile than that of the parental vaccine strain. In sum, these data support the notion that enhancing MV hemagglutinin incorporation can circumvent in vivo neutralization. This strategy merits additional exploration as an alternative pediatric measles vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Julik
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jorge Reyes-Del Valle
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
- Process Development Department, Virus and Gene Therapy, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Mader S, Brimberg L, Diamond B. The Role of Brain-Reactive Autoantibodies in Brain Pathology and Cognitive Impairment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1101. [PMID: 28955334 PMCID: PMC5601985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to different brain proteins have been recently found to be associated with an increasing number of different autoimmune diseases. They need to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in order to bind antigens within the central nervous system (CNS). They can target either neuronal or non-neuronal antigen and result in damage either by themselves or in synergy with other inflammatory mediators. Antibodies can lead to acute brain pathology, which may be reversible; alternatively, they may trigger irreversible damage that persists even though the antibodies are no longer present. In this review, we will describe two different autoimmune conditions and the role of their antibodies in causing brain pathology. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), patients can have double stranded DNA antibodies that cross react with the neuronal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), which have been recently linked to neurocognitive dysfunction. In neuromyelitis optica (NMO), antibodies to astrocytic aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are diagnostic of disease. There is emerging evidence that pathogenic T cells also play an important role for the disease pathogenesis in NMO since they infiltrate in the CNS. In order to enable appropriate and less invasive treatment for antibody-mediated diseases, we need to understand the mechanisms of antibody-mediated pathology, the acute and chronic effects of antibody exposure, if the antibodies are produced intrathecally or systemically, their target antigen, and what triggers their production. Emerging data also show that in utero exposure to some brain-reactive antibodies, such as those found in SLE, can cause neurodevelopmental impairment since they can penetrate the embryonic BBB. If the antibody exposure occurs at a critical time of development, this can result in irreversible damage of the offspring that persists throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mader
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, The Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Lior Brimberg
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, The Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, The Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, United States
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Eberhardt CS, Blanchard-Rohner G, Lemaître B, Combescure C, Othenin-Girard V, Chilin A, Petre J, Martinez de Tejada B, Siegrist CA. Pertussis Antibody Transfer to Preterm Neonates After Second- Versus Third-Trimester Maternal Immunization. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:1129-1132. [PMID: 28329335 PMCID: PMC5439344 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are most vulnerable to pertussis. Whether they might benefit from maternal immunization is unknown. Extending our previous results in term neonates, this observational study demonstrates that second- rather than third-trimester maternal vaccination results in higher birth anti–pertussis toxin titers in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Barbara Lemaître
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Véronique Othenin-Girard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonina Chilin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Begoña Martinez de Tejada
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
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