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Mboowa G, Sserwadda I, Kanyerezi S, Tukwasibwe S, Kidenya B. The dawn of a cure for sickle cell disease through CRISPR-based treatment: A critical test of equity in public health genomics. Ann Hum Genet 2024. [PMID: 38517013 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Equity in access to genomic technologies, resources, and products remains a great challenge. This was evident especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when the majority of lower middle-income countries were unable to achieve at least 10% population vaccination coverage during initial COVID-19 vaccine rollouts, despite the rapid development of those vaccines. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic red blood cell disorder that affects hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen through the body. Globally, the African continent carries the highest burden of SCD with at least 240,000 children born each year with the disease. SCD has evolved from a treatable to a curable disease. Recently, the UK medical regulator approved its cure through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based treatment, whereas the US Food and Drug Administration has equally approved two SCD gene therapies. This presents a remarkable opportunity to demonstrate equity in public health genomics. This CRISPR-based treatment is expensive and therefore, a need for an ambitious action to ensure that they are affordable and accessible where they are needed most and stand to save millions of lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Mboowa
- The African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ivan Sserwadda
- The African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Kanyerezi
- The African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Tukwasibwe
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Benson Kidenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
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2
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Pitini E, Baccolini V, Isonne C, Maran P, Marzuillo C, Villari P, Galeone D, Vaia F. Public health genomics research in Italy: an overview of ongoing projects. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1343509. [PMID: 38450143 PMCID: PMC10915058 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1343509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Public health genomics (PHG) aims to integrate advances in genomic sciences into healthcare for the benefit of the general population. As in many countries, there are various research initiatives in this field in Italy, but a clear picture of the national research portfolio has never been sketched. Thus, we aimed to provide an overview of current PHG research projects at the national or international level by consultation with Italian institutional and academic experts. We included 68 PHG projects: the majority were international projects in which Italian researchers participated (n = 43), mainly funded by the European Commission, while the remainder were national initiatives (N = 25), mainly funded by central government. Funding varied considerably, from € 50,000 to € 80,803,177. Three main research themes were identified: governance (N = 20); precision medicine (PM; N = 46); and precision public health (N = 2). We found that research activities are preferentially aimed at the clinical application of PM, while other efforts deal with the governance of the complex translation of genomic innovation into clinical and public health practice. To align such activities with national and international priorities, the development of an updated research agenda for PHG is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pitini
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Isonne
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Maran
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Galeone
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vaia
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
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3
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Zufan SE, Mercoulia K, Kwong JC, Judd LM, Howden BP, Seemann T, Stinear TP. High-performance enrichment-based genome sequencing to support the investigation of hepatitis A virus outbreaks. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0283423. [PMID: 38018979 PMCID: PMC10783085 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02834-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This proof-of-concept study introduces a hybrid capture oligo panel for whole-genome sequencing of all six human pathogenic hepatitis A virus (HAV) subgenotypes, exhibiting a higher sensitivity than some conventional genotyping assays. The ability of hybrid capture to enrich multiple targets allows for a single, streamlined workflow, thus facilitating the potential harmonization of molecular surveillance of HAV with other enteric viruses. Even challenging sample matrices can be accommodated, making them suitable for broad implementation in clinical and public health laboratories. This innovative approach has significant implications for enhancing multijurisdictional outbreak investigations as well as our understanding of the global diversity and transmission dynamics of HAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Zufan
- The Center for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karolina Mercoulia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason C. Kwong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise M. Judd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- The Center for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- The Center for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- The Center for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Timme RE, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Waheed Z, Arita M, MacCannell D, Maguire F, Petit III R, Page AJ, Mendes CI, Nasar MI, Oluniyi P, Tyler AD, Raphenya AR, Guthrie JL, Olawoye I, Rinck G, O’Cathail C, Lees J, Cochrane G, Cummins C, Brister JR, Klimke W, Feldgarden M, Griffiths E. Putting everything in its place: using the INSDC compliant Pathogen Data Object Model to better structure genomic data submitted for public health applications. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001145. [PMID: 38085797 PMCID: PMC10763499 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast, efficient public health actions require well-organized and coordinated systems that can supply timely and accurate knowledge. Public databases of pathogen genomic data, such as the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC), have become essential tools for efficient public health decisions. However, these international resources began primarily for academic purposes, rather than for surveillance or interventions. Now, queries need to access not only the whole genomes of multiple pathogens but also make connections using robust contextual metadata to identify issues of public health relevance. Databases that over time developed a patchwork of submission formats and requirements need to be consistently organized and coordinated internationally to allow effective searches.To help resolve these issues, we propose a common pathogen data structure called the Pathogen Data Object Model (DOM) that will formalize the minimum pieces of sequence data and contextual data necessary for general public health uses, while recognizing that submitters will likely withhold a wide range of non-public contextual data. Further, we propose contributors use the Pathogen DOM for all pathogen submissions (bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasites), which will simplify data submissions and provide a consistent and transparent data structure for downstream data analyses. We also highlight how improved submission tools can support the Pathogen DOM, offering users additional easy-to-use methods to ensure this structure is followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Timme
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zahra Waheed
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Masanori Arita
- DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Duncan MacCannell
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Finlay Maguire
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Andrew J. Page
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Theiagen Genomics LLC, Highlands Ranch, CO, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Ibtisam Nasar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University- Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Paul Oluniyi
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Network, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea D. Tyler
- Science Technology Cores and Services, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amogelang R. Raphenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Guthrie
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Idowu Olawoye
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriele Rinck
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Colman O’Cathail
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - John Lees
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Guy Cochrane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Carla Cummins
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - J. Rodney Brister
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Klimke
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Feldgarden
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma Griffiths
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Zufan SE, Lau KA, Donald A, Hoang T, Foster CSP, Sikazwe C, Theis T, Rawlinson WD, Ballard SA, Stinear TP, Howden BP, Jennison AV, Seemann T. Bioinformatic investigation of discordant sequence data for SARS-CoV-2: insights for robust genomic analysis during pandemic surveillance. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 38019123 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the rapid development and implementation of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic methods for managing the pandemic. However, variability in methods and capabilities between laboratories has posed challenges in ensuring data accuracy. A national working group comprising 18 laboratory scientists and bioinformaticians from Australia and New Zealand was formed to improve data concordance across public health laboratories (PHLs). One effort, presented in this study, sought to understand the impact of the methodology on consensus genome concordance and interpretation. SARS-CoV-2 WGS proficiency testing programme (PTP) data were retrospectively obtained from the 2021 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programmes (RCPAQAP), which included 11 participating Australian laboratories. The submitted consensus genomes and reads from eight contrived specimens were investigated, focusing on discordant sequence data and findings were presented to the working group to inform best practices. Despite using a variety of laboratory and bioinformatic methods for SARS-CoV-2 WGS, participants largely produced concordant genomes. Two participants returned five discordant sites in a high-Cτ replicate, which could be resolved with reasonable bioinformatic quality thresholds. We noted ten discrepancies in genome assessment that arose from nucleotide heterogeneity at three different sites in three cell-culture-derived control specimens. While these sites were ultimately accurate after considering the participants' bioinformatic parameters, it presented an interesting challenge for developing standards to account for intrahost single nucleotide variation (iSNV). Observed differences had little to no impact on key surveillance metrics, lineage assignment and phylogenetic clustering, while genome coverage <90 % affected both. We recommend PHLs bioinformatically generate two consensus genomes with and without ambiguity thresholds for quality control and downstream analysis, respectively, and adhere to a minimum 90 % genome coverage threshold for inclusion in surveillance interpretations. We also suggest additional PTP assessment criteria, including primer efficiency, detection of iSNVs and minimum genome coverage of 90 %. This study underscores the importance of multidisciplinary national working groups in informing guidelines in real time for bioinformatic quality acceptance criteria. It demonstrates the potential for enhancing public health responses through improved data concordance and quality control in SARS-CoV-2 genomic analysis during pandemic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Zufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Angela Donald
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tuyet Hoang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles S P Foster
- Serology and Virology Division (SAViD) SEALS Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chisha Sikazwe
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - William D Rawlinson
- RCPAQAP Biosecurity, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Serology and Virology Division (SAViD) SEALS Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan A Ballard
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy V Jennison
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Pitini E, Migliara G, Baccolini V, Isonne C, Mazzalai E, Turatto F, Salerno C, Pagano F, Menzano MT, De Vito C, Marzuillo C, Villari P. Managing the introduction of genomic applications into the National Health Service: A special challenge for health technology assessment in Italy. Front Public Health 2022; 10:932093. [PMID: 36033790 PMCID: PMC9399489 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.932093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid proliferation of genomic tests for use in clinical practice has prompted healthcare systems to use a health technology assessment (HTA) approach to distinguish valuable from unwarranted applications. In this study, we narratively review the Italian HTA mechanisms for medical devices (MDs), both at the national and regional levels, and discuss the opportunity and benefits of extending them to genomic technologies, for which a dedicated assessment path was advocated by the National Plan for Public Health Genomics in 2017. We found that the National Health Technology Assessment Program for MDs, completed in 2019, had developed a structured pathway for the HTA of MDs; it established a hub-and-spoke structure, run by a governmental institution, and put in place transparent methodological procedures to cover all four HTA phases (i.e., proposal and prioritization, assessment, appraisal, and dissemination). However, several factors have hindered its adoption, and the regions are at different stages of its implementation. For these reasons, efforts should be made to ensure its effective deployment, both at national and regional levels. In addition, we argue that to harmonize the institutional roles and methodological procedures adopted, the time has come to concentrate resources on a single pathway for the assessment of all technologies that include both MDs and genomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pitini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Erica Pitini
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Isonne
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Mazzalai
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Turatto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Salerno
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Pagano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Menzano
- Italian Ministry of Health, General Directorate for Health Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Geanta M, Tanwar AS, Lehrach H, Satyamoorthy K, Brand A. Horizon Scanning: Rise of Planetary Health Genomics and Digital Twins for Pandemic Preparedness. OMICS 2022; 26:93-100. [PMID: 34851750 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated research and development not only in infectious diseases but also in digital technologies to improve monitoring, forecasting, and intervening on planetary and ecological risks. In the European Commission, the Destination Earth (DestinE) is a current major initiative to develop a digital model of the Earth (a "digital twin") with high precision. Moreover, omics systems science is undergoing digital transformation impacting nearly all dimensions of the field, including real-time phenotype capture to data analytics using machine learning and artificial intelligence, to name but a few emerging frontiers. We discuss the ways in which the current ongoing digital transformation in omics offers synergies with digital twins/DestinE. Importantly, we note here the rise of a new field of scholarship, planetary health genomics. We conclude that digital transformation in public and private sectors, digital twins/DestinE, and their convergence with omics systems science are poised to build robust capacities for pandemic preparedness and resilient societies in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Geanta
- Centre for Innovation in Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
- KOL Medical Media, Bucharest, Romania
- United Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ankit Singh Tanwar
- United Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Berlin, Germany
- Alacris Theranostics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Angela Brand
- United Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Dr. TMA Pai Endowment Chair in Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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8
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Pitini E, Baccolini V, Migliara G, Isonne C, Sindoni A, Mazzalai E, Turatto F, De Vito C, Marzuillo C, Villari P. Time to Align: A Call for Consensus on the Assessment of Genetic Testing. Front Public Health 2021; 9:807695. [PMID: 34938716 PMCID: PMC8685239 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.807695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we updated our 2018 systematic review aimed to identify and compare ad hoc designed frameworks for genetic testing evaluation. Overall, we identified 30 frameworks (29 in the first systematic review and one in the update): they were mainly based on the ACCE model, whereas a minority were adjustments of the more traditional Health Technology Assessment (HTA) approach. After discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the retrieved frameworks, this perspective calls for consensus on the assessment of genetic testing. In line with the recent European recommendations that encouraged the generation of comparable evidence across Member States, we believe that the time has come to align all the ideas that have emerged over the last few decades and find a sustainable and sharable tool for the evaluation of genetic and genomic applications. Therefore, we suggest stopping the evaluation of such technologies using ad hoc strategies-affected by validation, implementation, and adoption issues-and we propose to use a general HTA approach, particularly the European reference tool for the assessment of health technologies, the EUnetHTA HTA core model, that is built on solid theoretical and methodological principles and provides a comprehensive assessment of the technologies value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pitini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Isonne
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sindoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Mazzalai
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Turatto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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9
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Traversi D, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Franchitti E, Iacoviello L, Gianfagna F, Gialluisi A, Izzi B, Agodi A, Barchitta M, Calabrò GE, Hoxhaj I, Sassano M, Sbrogiò LG, Del Sole A, Marchiori F, Pitini E, Migliara G, Marzuillo C, De Vito C, Tamburro M, Sammarco ML, Ripabelli G, Villari P, Boccia S. Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health. J Pers Med 2021; 11:135. [PMID: 33669364 PMCID: PMC7920275 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high-throughput omics technologies represents an unmissable opportunity for evidence-based prevention of adverse effects on human health. However, the applicability and access to multi-omics tests are limited. In Italy, this is due to the rapid increase of knowledge and the high levels of skill and economic investment initially necessary. The fields of human genetics and public health have highlighted the relevance of an implementation strategy at a national level in Italy, including integration in sanitary regulations and governance instruments. In this review, the emerging field of public health genomics is discussed, including the polygenic scores approach, epigenetic modulation, nutrigenomics, and microbiomes implications. Moreover, the Italian state of implementation is presented. The omics sciences have important implications for the prevention of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, especially because they can be used to assess the health status during the whole course of life. An effective population health gain is possible if omics tools are implemented for each person after a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in the medium to long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Traversi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pulliero
- Department of Health Sciences School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 161632 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Franchitti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.I.); (F.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (B.I.)
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.I.); (F.G.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (B.I.)
| | - Benedetta Izzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (B.I.)
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Elisa Calabrò
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.E.C.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Ilda Hoxhaj
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.E.C.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Michele Sassano
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.E.C.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Gino Sbrogiò
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Az. ULSS3 Serenissima, 30174 Venezia, Italy;
| | | | | | - Erica Pitini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Manuela Tamburro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.T.); (M.L.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Michela Lucia Sammarco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.T.); (M.L.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Giancarlo Ripabelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.T.); (M.L.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.E.C.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health-Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
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10
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Ádám B, Lovas S, Ádány R. Use of Genomic Information in Health Impact Assessment is Yet to Come: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E9417. [PMID: 33334033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Information generated by genetic epidemiology and genomics studies has been accumulating at fast pace, and this knowledge opens new vistas in public health, allowing for the understanding of gene-environment interactions. However, the translation of genome-based knowledge and technologies to the practice of healthcare, and especially of public health, is challenging. Because health impact assessment (HIA) proved to be an effective tool to assist consideration of health issues is sectoral policymaking, this study aimed at exploring its role in the translational process by a systematic literature review on the use of genetic information provided by genetic epidemiology and genomics studies in HIA. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched and the findings systematically reviewed and reported by the PRISMA guidelines. The review found eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, most of them theoretically discussing the use of HIA for introducing genome-based technologies in healthcare practice, and only two articles considered, in short, the possibility for a generic application of genomic information in HIA. The findings indicate that HIA should be more extensively utilized in the translation of genome-based knowledge to public health practice, and the use of genomic information should be facilitated in the HIA process.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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12
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Nunn JS, Tiller J, Fransquet P, Lacaze P. Public Involvement in Global Genomics Research: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2019; 7:79. [PMID: 31024880 PMCID: PMC6467093 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Public involvement in research occurs when the public, patients, or research participants are actively contributing to the research process. Public involvement has been acknowledged as a key priority for prominent human genomics research initiatives in many different countries. However, to date, there has been no detailed analysis or review of the features, methods, and impacts of public involvement occurring in human genomics research projects worldwide. Here, we review the reported public involvement in 96 human genomics projects (initiatives), based on a database of initiatives hosted by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, according to information reported on public domain websites. To conduct the scoping review, we applied a structured categorization of criteria to all information extracted from the search. We found that only a third of all initiatives reported public involvement in any capacity (32/96, 33%). In those reporting public involvement, we found considerable variation in both the methods and tasks of involvement. Some noteworthy initiatives reported diverse and comprehensive ways of involving the public, occurring through different stages of the research project cycle. Three notable initiatives reported a total of eight distinct impacts as a result of involving people. Our findings suggest there would be intrinsic value in having more public involvement occur in human genomics research worldwide. We also suggest that more systematic ways of reporting and evaluating involvement would be highly beneficial, to help develop best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Nunn
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Tiller
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Fransquet
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Public Health Genomics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Duquette D. Implementation of public health genomics and applications to public health dentistry. J Public Health Dent 2019; 80 Suppl 1:S37-S42. [PMID: 30687926 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
National and state public health genomics efforts exist to effectively and responsibly translate genome-based knowledge to improve population health and reduce health disparities. Over the past two decades, public health genomics efforts have utilized the core public health functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance. Current evidence for a small number of genomic applications suggests that many lives could be saved if these were implemented in recommended populations. With the drastic increase in new genetic tests and technologies, multidisciplinary public health genomics efforts that should include public health dentistry are of greater importance. There is a need to integrate public health dentistry in efforts to increase use of evidence-based genomic tests and services to improve health outcomes. Additionally, public health genomic efforts also are utilized to promote awareness about the insufficient evidence of the validity, utility and ethical, legal, and social implications for the vast majority of genomic tests. This is demonstrated by a recent genetic testing policy statement and educational resources from the American Dental Association. These organizational efforts should be considered in other realms of public health genomics to ensure that only genetic tests and preventive services with sufficient evidence for use are being implemented in clinical and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Duquette
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Molster CM, Bowman FL, Bilkey GA, Cho AS, Burns BL, Nowak KJ, Dawkins HJS. The Evolution of Public Health Genomics: Exploring Its Past, Present, and Future. Front Public Health 2018; 6:247. [PMID: 30234091 PMCID: PMC6131666 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health genomics has evolved to responsibly integrate advancements in genomics into the fields of personalized medicine and public health. Appropriate, effective and sustainable integration of genomics into healthcare requires an organized approach. This paper outlines the history that led to the emergence of public health genomics as a distinguishable field. In addition, a range of activities are described that illustrate how genomics can be incorporated into public health practice. Finally, it presents the evolution of public health genomics into the new era of "precision public health."
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Affiliation(s)
- Caron M. Molster
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Faye L. Bowman
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Bilkey
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
- Office of the Chief Health Officer, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Angela S. Cho
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Belinda L. Burns
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kristen J. Nowak
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hugh J. S. Dawkins
- Office of Population Health Genomics, Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Sir Walter Murdoch School of Policy and International Affairs, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia
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15
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Green RF, Ari M, Kolor K, Dotson WD, Bowen S, Habarta N, Rodriguez JL, Richardson LC, Khoury MJ. Evaluating the role of public health in implementation of genomics-related recommendations: a case study of hereditary cancers using the CDC Science Impact Framework. Genet Med 2019; 21:28-37. [PMID: 29907802 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health plays an important role in ensuring access to interventions that can prevent disease, including the implementation of evidence-based genomic recommendations. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Science Impact Framework to trace the impact of public health activities and partnerships on the implementation of the 2009 Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention (EGAPP) Lynch Syndrome screening recommendation and the 2005 and 2013 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing recommendations.The EGAPP and USPSTF recommendations have each been cited by >300 peer-reviewed publications. CDC funds selected states to build capacity to integrate these recommendations into public health programs, through education, policy, surveillance, and partnerships. Most state cancer control plans include genomics-related goals, objectives, or strategies. Since the EGAPP recommendation, major public and private payers now provide coverage for Lynch Syndrome screening for all newly diagnosed colorectal cancers. National guidelines and initiatives, including Healthy People 2020, included similar recommendations and cited the EGAPP and USPSTF recommendations. However, disparities in implementation based on race, ethnicity, and rural residence remain challenges. Public health achievements in promoting the evidence-based use of genomics for the prevention of hereditary cancers can inform future applications of genomics in public health.
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16
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Tiller J, Lacaze P. Regulation of Internet-based Genetic Testing: Challenges for Australia and Other Jurisdictions. Front Public Health 2018; 6:24. [PMID: 29497607 PMCID: PMC5818403 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Internet currently enables unprecedented ease of access for direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing, with saliva collection kits posted directly to consumer homes from anywhere in the world. This poses new challenges for local jurisdictions in regulating genetic testing, traditionally a tightly-regulated industry. Some Internet-based genetic tests have the capacity to cause significant confusion or harm to consumers who are unaware of the risks or potential variability in quality. The emergence of some online products of questionable content, unsupported by adequate scientific evidence, is a cause for concern. Proliferation of such products in the absence of regulation has the potential to damage public trust in accredited and established clinical genetic testing during a critical period of evidence generation for genomics. Here, we explore the challenges arising from the emergence of Internet-based DTC genetic testing. In particular, there are challenges in regulating unaccredited or potentially harmful Internet-based DTC genetic testing products. In Australia, challenges exist for the Therapeutic Goods Administration, which oversees regulation of the genetic testing sector. Concerns and challenges faced in Australia are likely to reflect those of other comparable non-US jurisdictions. Here, we summarize current Australian regulation, highlight concerns, and offer recommendations on how Australia and other comparable jurisdictions might be more proactive in addressing this emerging public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Tiller
- Public Health Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Public Health Genomics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing technology open new possibilities for public health genomics, especially in the form of general population preventive genomic sequencing (PGS). Such screening programs would sit at the intersection of public health and preventive health care, and thereby at once invite and resist the use of clinical ethics and public health ethics frameworks. Despite their differences, these ethics frameworks traditionally share a central concern for individual rights. We examine two putative individual rights-the right not to know, and the child's right to an open future-frequently invoked in discussions of predictive genetic testing, in order to explore their potential contribution to evaluating this new practice. Ultimately, we conclude that traditional clinical and public health ethics frameworks, and these two rights in particular, should be complemented by a social justice perspective in order adequately to characterize the ethical dimensions of general population PGS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Morrissey
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Doyle DL, Clyne M, Rodriguez JL, Cragun DL, Senier L, Hurst G, Chan K, Chambers DA. Proposed outcomes measures for state public health genomic programs. Genet Med 2018; 20:995-1003. [PMID: 29300382 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the implementation of evidence-based genomic medicine and its population-level impact on health outcomes and to promote public health genetics interventions, in 2015 the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine formed an action collaborative, the Genomics and Public Health Action Collaborative (GPHAC). This group engaged key stakeholders from public/population health agencies, along with experts in the fields of health disparities, health literacy, implementation science, medical genetics, and patient advocacy. Methods: In this paper, we present the efforts to identify performance objectives and outcome metrics. Specific attention is placed on measures related to Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome and Lynch syndrome (LS), two conditions with existing evidence-based genomic applications that can have immediate impact on morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Evidence-based public health requires outcome metrics yet few exist for genomics. Therefore, we have proposed performance objectives that states might use and provided examples of a few state level activities already underway, that are designed to collect outcome measures for HBOC and LS.
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19
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Balasopoulou A, Mooy FM, Baker DJ, Mitropoulou C, Skoufas E, Bulgiba A, Katsila T, Patrinos GP. Advancing Global Precision Medicine: An Overview of Genomic Testing and Counseling Services in Malaysia. OMICS 2017; 21:733-740. [PMID: 29173101 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine, genomic and diagnostic services are no longer limited to developed countries. This broadening in geography of biomarker applications and omics diagnostics also demands empirical study of implementation, diagnostic testing, and counseling practices in the field. For example, the Malaysian population has large ethnic diversity and high prevalence of genetic disorders such as hemoglobinopathies and metabolic disorders. Increased morbidity and mortality from such diseases have a direct impact on society and health system sustainability and for this, decision-making becomes of outmost importance. We report here on our findings on the landscape of genomic testing and genetic counseling services in Malaysia. We first defined the framework of all Malaysian stakeholders that offer genomics services and next, we identified the related information gaps, as depicted through the service providers' online websites. Our research framework revealed that there is a very diverse spectrum of genomics services in Malaysia, in which wet- and dry-laboratory services integrate. Moreover, we identify the current gaps and possible remedies to improve the quality of genomic and predictive analytics, not to mention considerations to ensure robust ethics and responsible innovation. To our knowledge, this is the first such study to be performed for a Southeast Asian country. Our genomics and precision medicine services mapping strategy presented in this study may serve as a model for field assessment at regional, national, and international levels as precision medicine is expanding globally and new governance challenges and opportunities continue to emerge for smart implementation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Balasopoulou
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras , Patras, Greece
| | - Foong-Ming Mooy
- 2 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Efthymios Skoufas
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras , Patras, Greece
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- 2 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Theodora Katsila
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras , Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras , Patras, Greece .,4 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain, United Arab Emirates .,5 Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Cornel MC, van El CG. Barriers and Facilitating Factors for Implementation of Genetic Services: A Public Health Perspective. Front Public Health 2017; 5:195. [PMID: 28824901 PMCID: PMC5543075 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 15 years after the publication of the sequence of the human genome, the resulting changes in health care have been modest. At the same time, some promising examples in genetic services become visible, which contribute to the prevention of chronic disease such as cancer. These are discussed to identify barriers and facilitating factors for the implementation of genetic services. Examples from oncogenetics illustrate a high risk of serious disease where prevention is possible, especially in relatives. Some 5% of breast cancers and colorectal cancers are attributable to an inherited predisposition. These cancers occur at a relatively young age. DNA testing of relatives of affected patients may facilitate primary and secondary prevention. Training of non-genetic health care workers and health technology assessment are needed, as is translational research in terms of bringing genomics to health care practice while monitoring and evaluating. Stratified screening programs could include cascade screening and risk assessment based on family history. New roles and responsibilities will emerge. A clear assessment of the values implied is needed allowing to balance the pros and cons of interventions to further the responsible innovation of genetic services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina C Cornel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla G van El
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Fragoulakis V, Mitropoulou C, Katelidou D, van Schaik RH, Maniadakis N, Patrinos GP. Performance Ratio Based Resource Allocation Decision-Making in Genomic Medicine. OMICS 2017; 21:67-73. [PMID: 28118098 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In modern healthcare systems, the available resources may influence the morbidity, mortality, and-consequently-the level of healthcare provided in every country. This is of particular interest in developing countries where the resources are limited and must be spent wisely to address social justice and the right for equal access in healthcare services by all the citizens in economically viable terms. In this light, the current allocation is, in practice, inefficient and rests mostly on each country's individual political and historical context and, thus, does not always incorporate decision-making enabled by economic models. In this study, we present a new economic model, specifically for resource allocation for genomic medicine, based on performance ratio, with potential applications in diverse healthcare sectors, which are particularly appealing for developing countries and low-resource environments. The model proposes a new method for resource allocation taking into account (1) the size of innovation of a new technology, (2) the relative effectiveness in comparison with social preferences, and (3) the cost of the technology, which permits the measurement of effectiveness to be determined differently in the context of a specific disease and then to be expressed in a relative form using a common performance ratio. The present work expands on previous work for innovation in economic models pertaining to genomic medicine and supports translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Fragoulakis
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences , Patras, Greece .,2 Department of Health Services Management, National School of Public Health , Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Mitropoulou
- 3 Erasmus MC , Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands .,4 The Golden Helix Foundation , London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ron H van Schaik
- 3 Erasmus MC , Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Maniadakis
- 2 Department of Health Services Management, National School of Public Health , Athens, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences , Patras, Greece
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22
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Henneman L, McBride CM, Cornel MC, Duquette D, Qureshi N. Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Children: What Can We Learn From Adult Screening Programs? Healthcare (Basel) 2015; 3:1018-30. [PMID: 27417810 PMCID: PMC4934628 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare3041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an autosomal dominant atherosclerotic disease, is a common monogenic subtype of cardiovascular disease. Patients with FH suffer an increased risk of early onset heart disease. Early identification of abnormally elevated cholesterol signpost clinicians to interventions that will significantly decrease risk of related morbidity and mortality. Cascade genetic testing can subsequently identify at-risk relatives. Accordingly, a number of screening approaches have been implemented for FH in countries including the UK and the Netherlands. However, incomplete identification of cases remains a challenge. Moreover, the potential for early intervention is now raising questions about the value of implementing universal cholesterol screening approaches that focus on children. In this report, we briefly discuss the potential benefit of such screening. Additionally, we submit that ever increasing genome technological capability will force a discussion of including genetic tests in these screening programs. We discuss the opportunities and challenges presented by such an approach. We close with recommendations that the success of such screening endeavors will rely on a better integrated practice model in public health genomics that bridges stakeholders including practitioners in primary care, clinical genetics and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidewij Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Community Genetics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Colleen M McBride
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Martina C Cornel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Community Genetics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Debra Duquette
- Genomics and Genetic Disorders Section, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48909, USA.
| | - Nadeem Qureshi
- Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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23
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Fisk Green R, Dotson WD, Bowen S, Kolor K, Khoury MJ. Genomics in Public Health: Perspective from the Office of Public Health Genomics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Healthcare (Basel) 2015; 3:830-7. [PMID: 26636032 PMCID: PMC4666313 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare3030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The national effort to use genomic knowledge to save lives is gaining momentum, as illustrated by the inclusion of genomics in key public health initiatives, including Healthy People 2020, and the recent launch of the precision medicine initiative. The Office of Public Health Genomics (OPHG) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partners with state public health departments and others to advance the translation of genome-based discoveries into disease prevention and population health. To do this, OPHG has adopted an "identify, inform, and integrate" model: identify evidence-based genomic applications ready for implementation, inform stakeholders about these applications, and integrate these applications into public health at the local, state, and national level. This paper addresses current and future work at OPHG for integrating genomics into public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridgely Fisk Green
- Carter Consulting, Inc. and Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - W. David Dotson
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails: (W.D.D.); (S.B.); (K.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Scott Bowen
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails: (W.D.D.); (S.B.); (K.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Katherine Kolor
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails: (W.D.D.); (S.B.); (K.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Muin J. Khoury
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails: (W.D.D.); (S.B.); (K.K.); (M.J.K.)
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Cragun D, DeBate RD, Vadaparampil ST, Baldwin J, Hampel H, Pal T. Comparing universal Lynch syndrome tumor-screening programs to evaluate associations between implementation strategies and patient follow-through. Genet Med 2014; 16:773-82. [PMID: 24651603 PMCID: PMC4169758 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Universal tumor screening (UTS) for all colorectal cancer patients can improve the identification of Lynch syndrome, the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer. This multiple-case study explored how variability in UTS procedures influenced patient follow-through (PF) with germ-line testing after a screen-positive result. METHODS Data were obtained through Web-based surveys and telephone interviews with institutional informants. Institutions were categorized as Low-PF (≤10% underwent germ-line testing), Medium-PF (11-40%), or High-PF (>40%). To identify implementation procedures (i.e., conditions) unique to High-PF institutions, qualitative comparative analysis was performed. RESULTS Twenty-one informants from 15 institutions completed surveys and/or interviews. Conditions present among all five High-PF institutions included the following: (i) disclosure of screen-positive results to patients by genetic counselors; and (ii) genetic counselors either facilitate physician referrals to genetics professionals or eliminate the need for referrals. Although both of these High-PF conditions were present among two Medium-PF institutions, automatic reflex testing was lacking and difficulty contacting screen-positive patients was a barrier. The three remaining Medium-PF and five Low-PF institutions lacked the conditions found in High-PF institutions. CONCLUSION METHODS for streamlining UTS procedures, incorporating a high level of involvement of genetic counselors in tracking and communication of results and in reducing barriers to patient contact, are reviewed within a broader discussion on maximizing the effectiveness and public health impact of UTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tuya Pal
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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Cooper DN, Brand A, Dolzan V, Fortina P, Innocenti F, Michael Lee MT, Macek M, Al-Mulla F, Prainsack B, Squassina A, Vayena E, Vozikis A, Williams MS, Patrinos GP. Bridging genomics research between developed and developing countries: the Genomic Medicine Alliance. Per Med 2014; 11:615-623. [PMID: 29764053 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Genomic Medicine Alliance is a global academic research network that aims to establish and strengthen collaborative ties between the various genomic medicine stakeholders. Its focus lies on the translation of scientific research findings into clinical practice. It brings together experts from disciplines including genome informatics, pharmacogenomics, public health genomics, ethics in genomics and health economics, and it is supervised by a 14-member International Scientific Advisory Committee comprising internationally renowned scientists. The Alliance's official journal, Public Health Genomics, offers members a highly respected publication forum for their original research findings. In the short-to-medium term, the Genomic Medicine Alliance hopes to harmonize research activities between developed and developing countries and to organize educational activities in the field of genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Angela Brand
- University of Maastricht, Institute of Public Health Genomics, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana, School of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Thomas Jefferson University, Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- Institute of Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ming Ta Michael Lee
- Laboratory for International Alliance on Genomic Research, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Milan Macek
- Charles University Prague & Faculty Hospital Motol, Institute of Biology & Medical Genetics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- University of Kuwait, Molecular Pathology Unit, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- King's College London, Department of Social Science, Health & Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alessio Squassina
- University of Cagliari, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Effy Vayena
- University of Zurich, Institute of Biomedical Ethics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc S Williams
- Geisinger Health System, Genomic Medicine Institute, Danville, PA, USA
| | - George P Patrinos
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University Campus, Rion, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
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Abstract
Using the principles of public health genomics, we examined the opportunities and challenges of implementing personalized prevention programmes for cancer at the population level. Our model-based estimates indicate that polygenic risk stratification can potentially improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening programmes. However, compared with 'one-size-fits-all' screening programmes, personalized screening adds further layers of complexity to the organization of screening services and raises ethical, legal and social challenges. Before polygenic inheritance is translated into population screening strategy, evidence from empirical research and engagement with and education of the public and the health professionals are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
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de Viron S, Suggs LS, Brand A, Van Oyen H. Communicating genetics and smoking through social media: are we there yet? J Med Internet Res 2013; 15:e198. [PMID: 24018012 PMCID: PMC3785980 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media is a recent source of health information that could disseminate new scientific research, such as the genetics of smoking. Objective The objectives were (1) to evaluate the availability of genetic information about smoking on different social media platforms (ie, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter) and (2) to assess the type and the content of the information displayed on the social media as well as the profile of people publishing this information. Methods We screened posts on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter with the terms “smoking” and “genetic” at two time points (September 18, 2012, and May 7, 2013). The first 100 posts were reviewed for each media for the time points. Google was searched during Time 2 as an indicator of available information on the Web and the other social media that discussed genetics and smoking. The source of information, the country of the publisher, characteristics of the posts, and content of the posts were extracted. Results On YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, 31, 0, and 84 posts, respectively, were included. Posts were mostly based on smoking-related diseases, referred to scientific publications, and were largely from the United States. From the Google search, most results were scientific databases. Six scientific publications referred to within the Google search were also retrieved on either YouTube or Twitter. Conclusions Despite the importance of public understanding of smoking and genetics, and the high use of social media, little information on this topic is actually present on social media. Therefore, there is a need to monitor the information that is there and to evaluate the population’s understanding of the information related to genetics and smoking that is displayed on social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylviane de Viron
- Operational Direction Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
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Lal JA, Vaidya A, Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea I, Dauben HP, Brand A. The Learning-Adapting-Leveling model: from theory to hypothesis of steps for implementation of basic genome-based evidence in personalized medicine. Per Med 2013; 10:683-701. [PMID: 29768763 DOI: 10.2217/pme.13.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We see a backlog in the effective and efficient integration of personalized medicine applications such as genome-based information and technologies into healthcare systems. This article aims to expand on the steps of a published innovative model, which addresses the bottleneck of real-time integration into healthcare. We present a deconstruction of the Learning-Adapting-Leveling model to simplify the steps. We found out that throughout the technology transfer pipeline, contacts, assessments and adaptations/feedback loops are made with health needs assessment, health technology assessment and health impact assessment professionals in the same order by the academic-industrial complex, resulting in early-on involvement of all stakeholders. We conclude that the model steps can be used to resolve the bottleneck of implementation of personalized medicine application into healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Lal
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anil Vaidya
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), School for Public Health & Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iñaki Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea
- Osteba, Basque Office for Health Technology Assessment, Department of Health, Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastian, 1 01010-Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Hans-Peter Dauben
- German Institute for Medical Documentation & Information - DIMDI, Waisenhausgasse 36-38a, 50676 Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Brand
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Faculty of Health Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Cesuroglu T, van Ommen B, Malats N, Sudbrak R, Lehrach H, Brand A. Public health perspective: from personalized medicine to personal health. Per Med 2012; 9:115-119. [PMID: 29758819 DOI: 10.2217/pme.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomris Cesuroglu
- Marie Curie Fellow, Institute for Public Health Genomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands and Nutrigenomics Organisation, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralf Sudbrak
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Brand
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Syurina EV, In den Bäumen TS, Feron FJM, Brand A. Analysis of existing international policy evidence in public health genomics: mapping exercise. J Public Health Res 2012; 1:38-44. [PMID: 25170444 PMCID: PMC4140310 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2012.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last decades we have seen a constant growth in the fields of science related to the use of genome-based health information. However, there is a gap between basic science research and the Public Health everyday practice. For a successful introduction of genome-based technologies policy actions on the international level are needed. This work represents the initial stage of the PHGEN II (Public Health Genomics European Network II) project. In order to prepare a base for bridging genomics and Public Health, an inventory study of the existing legislative base dealing with controversies of genome-based knowledge was conducted. The work results in the mapping of the most and the least legislatively covered areas and some preliminary conclusions about the existing gaps. Design and Methods The collection of the evidence-based policies was done through the PHGEN II project. The mapping covered the meta-level (international, European general guidelines). The expert opinion of the partners of the project was required to reflect on and grade the collected evidence. Results An analysis of the evidence was made by the area of coverage: using the list of important policy areas for successful introduction of genome-based technologies into Public Health and the Public Health Genomics Wheel (originally Public Health Wheel developed by Institute of Medicine). Conclusions Severe inequalities in coverage of important issues of Public Health Genomics were found. The most attention was paid to clinical utility and clinical validity of the screening and the protection of human subjects. Important areas such as trade agreements, Public Health Genomics literacy, insurance issues, behaviour modification in response to genomics results etc. were paid less attention to. For the successful adoption of new technologies on the Public Health level the focus should be not only on the translation to clinical practice, but the translation from bench to Public Health policy and back. Coherent and consistent coverage of all aspects of the translation of genome based information and technologies is of outmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Syurina
- Department of Social Medicine, School for Public Healh and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maasricht University , the Netherlands ; ; Institute for Public Health Genomics, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Madicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Schulte In den Bäumen
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Madicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , the Netherlands
| | - Frans J M Feron
- Department of Social Medicine, School for Public Healh and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maasricht University , the Netherlands
| | - Angela Brand
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Madicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , the Netherlands
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31
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Taneri B, Ambrosino E, van Os J, Brand A. A new public health genomics model for common complex diseases, with an application to common behavioral disorders. Per Med 2012; 9:29-38. [PMID: 29783294 DOI: 10.2217/pme.11.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the light of common forms of gene-environment interplay, particularly epigenomics and ecogenetics, the incorporation of envirome data into public health genomics models becomes necessary. Developing and restructuring public health genomics models is essential within the context of common complex diseases. MATERIALS & METHODS We developed a novel theoretical model integrating a gene-environment interaction paradigm into public health genomics, which integrates four main sources of data: personal genome data, personal envirome data, molecular genetic/genomic evidence and environmental factors implicated in gene-environment interactions underlying common complex disease phenotypes. Collectively, this knowledge is fed into public health policy development. RESULTS This model is the first public health genomics model that incorporates gene-environment interactions within the context of common complex disorders, and is applied to behavioral conditions. CONCLUSION Our model proposes, for the first time, an understanding of behavioral disorders from the genomic perspective, combining it with known environmental factors within the framework of public health. Application of this model will enable evidence-based behavioral interventions at the public health level and facilitate genome-based public health policy development for behavioral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Taneri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus.
| | - Elena Ambrosino
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Research Institutes CAPHRI & GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- European Graduate School for Neuroscience, SEARCH, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Angela Brand
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Research Institutes CAPHRI & GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Cleeren E, Van der Heyden J, Brand A, Van Oyen H. Public health in the genomic era: will Public Health Genomics contribute to major changes in the prevention of common diseases? Arch Public Health 2011; 69:8. [PMID: 22958637 PMCID: PMC3436652 DOI: 10.1186/0778-7367-69-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The completion of the Human Genome Project triggered a whole new field of genomic research which is likely to lead to new opportunities for the promotion of population health. As a result, the distinction between genetic and environmental diseases has faded. Presently, genomics and knowledge deriving from systems biology, epigenomics, integrative genomics or genome-environmental interactions give a better insight on the pathophysiology of common diseases. However, it is barely used in the prevention and management of diseases. Together with the boost in the amount of genetic association studies, this demands for appropriate public health actions. The field of Public Health Genomics analyses how genome-based knowledge and technologies can responsibly and effectively be integrated into health services and public policy for the benefit of population health. Environmental exposures interact with the genome to produce health information which may help explain inter-individual differences in health, or disease risk. However today, prospects for concrete applications remain distant. In addition, this information has not been translated into health practice yet. Therefore, evidence-based recommendations are few. The lack of population-based research hampers the evaluation of the impact of genomic applications. Public Health Genomics also evaluates the benefits and risks on a larger scale, including normative, legal, economic and social issues. These new developments are likely to affect all domains of public health and require rethinking the role of genomics in every condition of public health interest. This article aims at providing an introduction to the field of and the ideas behind Public Health Genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Cleeren
- Operational Direction Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Van der Heyden
- Operational Direction Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angela Brand
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Herman Van Oyen
- Operational Direction Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
The enormous advances in genetics and genomics of the past decade have the potential to revolutionize health care, including mental health care, and bring about a system predominantly characterized by the practice of genomic and personalized medicine. This article briefly reviews the history of genetics and genomics and assesses the extent to which the results of genetic and genomic studies are currently being leveraged clinically for disease treatment and prevention. Relevant social, economic, and policy issues relevant to genomic medicine are also reviewed, and priority research areas in which further work is needed are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinnamon S. Bloss
- Assistant Professor, Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Health
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Estelle and Edgar Levi Chair in Aging, University of California, San Diego; and Director, Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- Professor, Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute; and Director of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Scripps Translational Science Institute
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