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Zheng Q, Liu L, Guo X, Zhu F, Huang Y, Qin Q, Huang X. Fish ELOVL7a is involved in virus replication via lipid metabolic reprogramming. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 149:109530. [PMID: 38570120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The elongation of very long chain fatty acids (ELOVL) proteins are key rate-limiting enzymes that catalyze fatty acid synthesis to form long chain fatty acids. ELOVLs also play regulatory roles in the lipid metabolic reprogramming induced by mammalian viruses. However, little is known about the roles of fish ELOVLs during virus infection. Here, a homolog of ELOVL7 was cloned from Epinephelus coioides (EcELOVL7a), and its roles in red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection were investigated. The transcription level of EcELOVL7a was significantly increased upon RGNNV and SGIV infection or other pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulation in grouper spleen (GS) cells. Subcellular localization analysis showed that EcELOVL7a encoded an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) related protein. Overexpression of EcELOVL7a promoted the viral production and virus release during SGIV and RGNNV infection. Furthermore, the lipidome profiling showed that EcELOVL7a overexpression reprogrammed cellular lipid components in vitro, evidenced by the increase of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and glycerides components. In addition, VLCFAs including FFA (20:2), FFA (20:4), FFA (22:4), FFA (22:5) and FFA (24:0), were enriched in EcELOVL7a overexpressed cells. Consistently, EcELOVL7a overexpression upregulated the transcription level of the key lipid metabolic enzymes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), phospholipase A 2α (PLA 2α), and cyclooxygenases -2 (COX-2), LPIN1, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1α (DGAT1α). Together, our results firstly provided the evidence that fish ELOVL7a played an essential role in SGIV and RGNNV replication by reprogramming lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xixi Guo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fengyi Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China.
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Wang G, Jiang N, Yu H, Niu X, Huang M, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Han J, Xu M, Liu R, Wu Z, Han J, Wang S, Gao L, Cui H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Gao Y, Qi X. Loop P DE of viral capsid protein is involved in immune escape of the emerging novel variant infectious bursal disease virus. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110094. [PMID: 38636175 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Infectious bursa disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contactable, lethal, immunosuppressive infectious disease caused by the Infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV). Currently, the emerged novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) and the sustainedly prevalent very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) are the two most prevalent strains of IBDV in China. The antigenic properties of the two prevalent strains differed significantly, which led to the escape of nVarIBDV from the immune protection provided by the existing vvIBDV vaccine. However, the molecular basis of the nVarIBDV immune escape remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that residues 252, 254, and 256 in the PDE of VP2 are involved in the immune escape of the emerging nVarIBDV. Firstly, the IFA-mediated antigen-antibody affinity assay showed that PBC and PDE of VP2 could affect the affinity of vvIBDV antiserum to VP2, of which PDE was more significant. The key amino acids of PDE influencing the antigen-antibody affinity were also identified, with G254N being the most significant, followed by V252I and I256V. Then the mutated virus with point or combined mutations was rescued by reverse genetics. it was further demonstrated that mutations of V252I, G254N, and I256V in PDE could individually or collaboratively reduce antigen-antibody affinity and interfere with antiserum neutralization, with G254N being the most significant. This study revealed the reasons for the widespread prevalence of nVarIBDV in immunized chicken flocks and provided innovative ideas for designing novel vaccines that match the antigen of the epidemic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hangbo Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Jinze Han
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Runhang Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Ziwen Wu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Jingzhe Han
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yuntong Chen
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China; World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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Wang S, Xu Z, Liu Y, Yu M, Zhang T, Liu P, Qi X, Chen Y, Meng L, Guo R, Zhang L, Fan W, Gao L, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Cui H, Gao Y. OASL suppresses infectious bursal disease virus replication by targeting VP2 for degrading through the autophagy pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0018124. [PMID: 38639485 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00181-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and fatal immunosuppressive disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). As an obligate intracellular parasite, IBDV infection is strictly regulated by host factors. Knowledge on the antiviral activity and possible mechanism of host factors might provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of IBD. In this study, RNA-sequencing results indicated that many host factors were induced by IBDV infection, among which the expression levels of OASL (2´,5´-oligadenylate synthetase-like protein) was significantly upregulated. OASL overexpression significantly inhibited IBDV replication, whereas OASL knockdown promoted IBDV replication. Interestingly, the antiviral ability of OASL was independent of its canonical enzymatic activity, i.e., OASL targeted viral protein VP2 for degradation, depending on the autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 in the autophagy pathway. Additionally, the 316 lysine (K) of VP2 was the key site for autophagy degradation, and its replacement with arginine disrupted VP2 degradation induced by OASL and enhanced IBDV replication. Importantly, our results for the first time indicate a unique and potent defense mechanism of OASL against double-stranded RNA virus by interaction with viral proteins, which leads to their degradation. IMPORTANCE OASL (2´,5´-oligadenylate synthetase-like protein) exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral effects against single-stranded RNA viruses in mammals, potentially serving as a promising target for novel antiviral strategies. However, its role in inhibiting the replication of double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses), such as infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), in avian species remains unclear. Our findings indicated a unique and potent defense mechanism of OASL against dsRNA viruses. It has been previously shown in mammals that OASL inhibits virus replication through increasing interferon production. The groundbreaking aspect of our study is the finding that OASL has the ability to interact with IBDV viral protein VP2 and target it for degradation and thus exerts its antiviral effect. Our results reveal the interaction between avian natural antiviral immune response and IBDV infection. Our study not only enhances our understanding of bird defenses against viral infections but can also inform strategies for poultry disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntong Chen
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lingzhai Meng
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ru Guo
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenrui Fan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulu Duan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, China
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Xu Z, Yu Y, Fu S, Li B, Liu L, Wang L, Wang Q, Ma J. The effect of ghrelin on bursa and cecal tonsils of chickens infected with an attenuated virus strain of infectious bursal disease virus. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103547. [PMID: 38428353 PMCID: PMC10912916 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) significantly affects the poultry industry, causing substantial economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ghrelin on chicks infected with an attenuated virus strain of IBDV (aIBDV). Chicks were divided into 3 groups: a control group (group I), an aIBDV infection group (group II), and a ghrelin + aIBDV infection group (group III). Mice in groups II and III were fed until they reached 19 d of age and then inoculated with aIBDV to establish a subclinical infection model. Group III received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 nmol/100 g ghrelin from d 17 to 23. The present study utilized paraffin sectioning, H&E staining, and immunohistochemical staining to examine the effects of ghrelin on the bursa of fabricius and cecum tonsils in aIBDV-infected chicks. The results indicated that at 3 d postinfection (dpi), the average body weight of group III was significantly greater than that of group II (P < 0.05). At 3 and 7 dpi, the proportion of large lymphoid follicles in the bursa of fabricius in group III was notably greater than that in group II (P < 0.05). aIBDV infection resulted in bleeding, edema, and fibrosis in the cecal mucosal layer of chicks, but ghrelin administration mitigated these pathological changes. At 3 and 7 dpi, the thickness of the lamina propria in the cecal tonsils of group III was significantly lower than that in the cecal tonsils of group II (P < 0.05). Additionally, the percentage of large lymphoid follicles in the cecal tonsils of group III was significantly greater than that in group II at 3 and 5 dpi (P < 0.05). There were significantly fewer macrophages in the cecal tonsils of group III than in those of group II at 1, 3, and 5 dpi (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ghrelin supplementation improved performance and mitigated bursal atrophy in aIBDV-infected chicks. It also reduced histological lesions and immune responses in the cecum tonsil. Notably, the reduction in macrophages in the cecum tonsil following ghrelin administration may decrease the risk of aIBDV spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Shuxian Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Beibei Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Liu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jinyou Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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Deng T, Du L, Ding S, Peng X, Chen W, Yan Y, Hu B, Zhou J. Protein kinase Cdc7 supports viral replication by phosphorylating Avibirnavirus VP3 protein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0112523. [PMID: 37902398 PMCID: PMC10688373 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01125-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Avibirnavirus infectious bursal disease virus is still an important agent which largely threatens global poultry farming industry economics. VP3 is a multifunctional scaffold structural protein that is involved in virus morphogenesis and the regulation of diverse cellular signaling pathways. However, little is known about the roles of VP3 phosphorylation during the IBDV life cycle. In this study, we determined that IBDV infection induced the upregulation of Cdc7 expression and phosphorylated the VP3 Ser13 site to promote viral replication. Moreover, we confirmed that the negative charge addition of phosphoserine on VP3 at the S13 site was essential for IBDV proliferation. This study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of VP3 phosphorylation-mediated regulation of IBDV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Deng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liuyang Du
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxiang Ding
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiran Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen R, Chen J, Xiang Y, Chen Y, Shen W, Wang W, Li Y, Wei P, He X. Differential Modulation of Innate Antiviral Profiles in the Intestinal Lamina Propria Cells of Chickens Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses of Different Virulence. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020393. [PMID: 35215986 PMCID: PMC8878311 DOI: 10.3390/v14020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is one of the most important infectious diseases of poultry around the world. Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the first line of defense of the host against the infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of innate immune antiviral signaling triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as well as macrophage activation and cytokine response in the intestinal lamina propria (ILP) cells after the oral challenge of IBDV in relation to IBDV virulence and disease pathogenesis. The results showed that the expression levels of TLR3, IRF7, IFN-α/β and the corresponding downstream antiviral factors OAS, PKR and Mx were all upregulated in the SPF chicken ILP cells at 8 h post-infection (hpi) and 12 hpi. Similarly, macrophages were activated, with the initial macrophage M1 activation observed at 8 hpi, but then it rapidly shifted to a non-protective M2-type. Both Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) types of cytokines were differentially upregulated during the early stage of infection; however, the Th1 cytokines exhibited stronger activation before 8 hpi compared to those of the Th2 cytokines. Interestingly, differential regulations of gene expression induced by different IBDV strains with different virulence were detected. The HLJ0504-like very virulent (vv) IBDV strain NN1172 induced stronger activation of TLR3-IFN-α/β pathway, macrophages and the Th1/2 cytokines’ expression, compared to those induced by the attenuated strain B87 at 8 hpi and 12 hpi in the ILP cells. In conclusion, the innate antiviral response mediated by the TLR3-IRF7 pathway, macrophage activation and cytokine expression in the GALT cells at the early stage of IBDV infection was differentially modulated, and the HLJ0504-like vvIBDV strain triggered stronger activation than the attenuated vaccine strain, and that may play an important role in the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanhua Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yihai Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiumiao He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (X.H.)
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7
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Tapia D, Kuznar J, Farlora R, Yáñez JM. Differential Transcriptomic Response of Rainbow Trout to Infection with Two Strains of IPNV. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010021. [PMID: 35062225 PMCID: PMC8780770 DOI: 10.3390/v14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IPN virus (IPNV) causes a highly contagious disease that affects farmed salmonids. IPNV isolates have been phylogenetically classified into seven genogroups, of which two are present in Chile, genogroups 1 and 5. This study aimed to compare the transcriptomic response of rainbow trout fry challenged with two Chilean isolates of IPNV, RTTX (genogroup 1), and ALKA (genogroup 5). Tissue samples from challenged individuals and controls were taken at 1, 7, and 20 days post-challenge and analyzed by RNA-Seq. The results revealed that infection with RTTX elicited a greater modulation of the trout transcriptome compared to ALKA infection, generating a greater number of highly differentially expressed genes in relation to the control fish. Gene Ontology enrichment indicated that functions related to the inflammatory and immune responses were modulated in fish challenged with both isolates throughout the trial, but with different regulation patterns. On day 1 post challenge, these functions were activated in those challenged with ALKA, but suppressed in RTTX-challenged fish. These results suggest that rainbow trout exhibit a differential transcriptomic response to infection with the two genetically distinct IPNV isolates, especially at early times post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tapia
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820000, Chile;
- Doctorado en Acuicultura, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Universidad Católica del Norte, Universidad de Chile, Valparaiso 2340000, Chile
| | - Juan Kuznar
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Rodolfo Farlora
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática y Genómica Reproductiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2340000, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2340000, Chile
| | - José M. Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820000, Chile;
- Center for Research and Innovation in Aquaculture (CRIA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wang Y, Jiang N, Fan L, Niu X, Zhang W, Huang M, Gao L, Li K, Gao Y, Liu C, Cui H, Liu A, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi X. Identification and Pathogenicity Evaluation of a Novel Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Genotype A2dB3). Viruses 2021; 13:v13091682. [PMID: 34578267 PMCID: PMC8472943 DOI: 10.3390/v13091682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a non-enveloped, bi-segmented double-stranded RNA virus and the causative agent of a poultry immunosuppressive disease known as infectious bursal disease (IBD). The novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) recently posed a great threat to the development of the poultry industry. In this study, we identified a novel segment-reassortant IBDV strain, IBDV-JS19-14701 (Genotype A2dB3). Phylogenic analysis showed that Segments A and B of IBDV-JS19-14701 were derived from emerging nVarIBDV (Genotype A2dB1) and long-prevalent HLJ0504-like strains (Genotype A3B3) in China, respectively. The pathogenicity of IBDV-JS19-14701 was further evaluated via animal experiments. IBDV-JS19-14701 exhibited a similar virulence to chickens with the nVarIBDV. The identification of this reassortment event is beneficial for understanding the epidemiology of nVarIBDV and will contribute to the efficient prevention and control of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Linjin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yulong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Aijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.W.); (N.J.); (L.F.); (X.N.); (W.Z.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (K.L.); (Y.G.); (C.L.); (H.C.); (A.L.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0451-5105-1692
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9
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Sanhueza N, Fuentes R, Aguilar A, Carnicero B, Vega K, Muñoz D, Contreras D, Moreno N, Troncoso E, Mercado L, Morales-Lange B, Boltana S. Behavioural Fever Promotes an Inflammatory Reflex Circuit in Ectotherms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168860. [PMID: 34445566 PMCID: PMC8396262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The communication between the brain and the immune system is a cornerstone in animal physiology. This interaction is mediated by immune factors acting in both health and pathogenesis, but it is unclear how these systems molecularly and mechanistically communicate under changing environmental conditions. Behavioural fever is a well-conserved immune response that promotes dramatic changes in gene expression patterns during ectotherms’ thermoregulatory adaptation, including those orchestrating inflammation. However, the molecular regulators activating the inflammatory reflex in ectotherms remain unidentified. Methods: We revisited behavioural fever by providing groups of fish a thermal gradient environment during infection. Our novel experimental setup created temperature ranges in which fish freely moved between different thermal gradients: (1) wide thermoregulatory range; T° = 6.4 °C; and (2) restricted thermoregulatory range; T° = 1.4 °C. The fish behaviour was investigated during 5-days post-viral infection. Blood, spleen, and brain samples were collected to determine plasmatic pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. To characterize genes’ functioning during behavioural fever, we performed a transcriptomic profiling of the fish spleen. We also measured the activity of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine in brain and peripheral tissues. Results: We describe the first set of the neural components that control inflammatory modulation during behavioural fever. We identified a neuro-immune crosstalk as a potential mechanism promoting the fine regulation of inflammation. The development of behavioural fever upon viral infection triggers a robust inflammatory response in vivo, establishing an activation threshold after infection in several organs, including the brain. Thus, temperature shifts strongly impact on neural tissue, specifically on the inflammatory reflex network activation. At the molecular level, behavioural fever causes a significant increase in cholinergic neurotransmitters and their receptors’ activity and key anti-inflammatory factors such as cytokine Il10 and Tgfβ in target tissues. Conclusion: These results reveal a cholinergic neuronal-based mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory responses under induced fever. We performed the first molecular characterization of the behavioural fever response and inflammatory reflex activation in mobile ectotherms, identifying the role of key regulators of these processes. These findings provide genetic entry points for functional studies of the neural–immune adaptation to infection and its protective relevance in ectotherm organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Sanhueza
- Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (N.S.); (A.A.); (B.C.); (K.V.); (D.M.)
| | - Ricardo Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Andrea Aguilar
- Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (N.S.); (A.A.); (B.C.); (K.V.); (D.M.)
| | - Beatriz Carnicero
- Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (N.S.); (A.A.); (B.C.); (K.V.); (D.M.)
| | - Karina Vega
- Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (N.S.); (A.A.); (B.C.); (K.V.); (D.M.)
| | - David Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (N.S.); (A.A.); (B.C.); (K.V.); (D.M.)
| | - David Contreras
- Biotechnology Center, Renewable Resources Laboratory, University Campus, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (D.C.); (N.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Nataly Moreno
- Biotechnology Center, Renewable Resources Laboratory, University Campus, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (D.C.); (N.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Eduardo Troncoso
- Biotechnology Center, Renewable Resources Laboratory, University Campus, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (D.C.); (N.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (L.M.); (B.M.-L.)
| | - Byron Morales-Lange
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (L.M.); (B.M.-L.)
| | - Sebastian Boltana
- Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (N.S.); (A.A.); (B.C.); (K.V.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +56-41-266-16-17
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10
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Sajid S, Rahman SU, Mohsin Gilani M, Sindhu ZUD, Ali MB, Hedfi A, Almalki M, Mahmood S. Molecular Characterization and Demographic Study on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Faisalabad District. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254605. [PMID: 34398875 PMCID: PMC8366999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The re-emergence of virulent strains of the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) leads to significant economic losses of poultry industry in Pakistan during last few years. This disease causes the infection of bursa, which leads to major immune losses. A total number of 30 samples from five IBD outbreaks during the period of 2019-20 were collected from different areas of Faisalabad district, Pakistan and assayed by targeting the IBD virus VP2 region through RT-PCR. Among all the outbreaks, almost 80% of poultry birds were found positive for the IBDV. The bursa tissues were collected from the infected birds and histopathological examination of samples revealed severe lymphocytic depletion, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and necrosis of the bursa of Fabricius (BF). Positive samples were subjected to re-isolation and molecular characterization of IBDV. The Pakistan IBDV genes were subjected to DNA sequencing to determine the virus nucleotide sequences. The sequences of 100 Serotype-I IBDVs showing nearest homology were compared and identified with the study sequence. The construction of the phylogenetic tree for nucleotide sequences was accomplished by the neighbor-joining method in MEGA-6 with reference strains. The VP2 segment reassortment of IBDVs carrying segment A were identified as one important type of circulating strains in Pakistan. The findings indicated the molecular features of the Pakistan IBDV strains playing a role in the evolution of new strains of the virus, which will contribute to the vaccine selection and effective prevention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Sajid
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zia ud Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Manel Ben Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hedfi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almalki
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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11
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Benkaroun J, Muir KF, Allshire R, Tamer C, Weidmann M. Isolation of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant from a Fish Farm in Scotland. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030385. [PMID: 33670941 PMCID: PMC7997178 DOI: 10.3390/v13030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aquatic virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), is known to infect various farmed fish, in particular salmonids, and is responsible for large economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Common practices to detect the virus include qPCR tests based on specific primers and serum neutralization tests for virus serotyping. Following the potential presence of IPNV viruses in a fish farm in Scotland containing vaccinated and IPNV-resistant fish, the common serotyping of the IPNV isolates was not made possible. This led us to determine the complete genome of the new IPNV isolates in order to investigate the cause of the serotyping discrepancy. Next-generation sequencing using the Illumina technology along with the sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) approach was conducted to fully characterize the new Scottish isolates. With this approach, the full genome of two isolates, V1810-4 and V1810-6, was determined and analyzed. The potential origin of the virus isolates was investigated by phylogenetic analyses along with tridimensional and secondary protein structure analyses. These revealed the emergence of a new variant from one of the main virus serotypes, probably caused by the presence of selective pressure exerted by the vaccinated IPNV-resistant farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Benkaroun
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (J.B.); (K.F.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Katherine Fiona Muir
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (J.B.); (K.F.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosa Allshire
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (J.B.); (K.F.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Cüneyt Tamer
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey;
| | - Manfred Weidmann
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; (J.B.); (K.F.M.); (R.A.)
- Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-17649588432
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12
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Ruiz-Palacios M, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. Establishment of a brain cell line (SaB-1) from gilthead seabream and its application to fish virology. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:161-166. [PMID: 32771610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is among the most important cultured fish species in the Mediterranean area and pathogen diseases one of the bottlenecks to the aquaculture sector. For this reason, generation of laboratory tools for diagnostic and research applications would be beneficial to improve the seabream aquaculture. In this sense, we aimed to generate a seabream cell line for biological studies. Thus, we have obtained a brain-derived cell line (SaB-1) that is continuously growing for more than 4 years. Cellular characterization of the SaB-1 cells shows that they express both neural and glial cell markers, suggesting they are neural-stem cells, have a neuron-like morphology and show a rapid growth in culture. We evaluated their susceptibility to the main fish viruses: nervous necrosis virus (NNV), spring viremia carp virus (SVCV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). SaB-1 cells are susceptible to all the tested viruses. In addition, the transcription of genes related to the type I interferon (IFN) is greatly up-regulated by the NNV infection whilst the viral infection with SVCV, IPNV or VHSV failed to do so. These data demonstrate that the seabream SaB-1 cell line is continuous, stable and could be useful, at least, for fish virology and immunity applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ruiz-Palacios
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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13
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Maj-Paluch J, Matras M, Borzym E, Stachnik M, Reichert M. Phylogenetic characterization of Polish isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in salmonid fish. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:1443-1451. [PMID: 32851666 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus belongs to the genus Aquabirnavirus and family Birnaviridae. By VP2 gene similarity, aquatic birnavirus is clustered into seven genogroups. The aim of this study was to genetically analyse IPN viruses occurring on Polish fish farms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from freshwater fish mostly from 2012 to 2013 and from northern Poland were examined for the presence of IPN virus using isolation on cell cultures, real-time RT-PCR and RT-PCR. Fragments of 1,377 and 1,079 bp of the VP2 and VP5 genes, respectively, were sequenced, and the results were assembled into one consensus and analysed by Geneious software. The same VP2 gene region was compared and a phylogenetic tree generated by the neighbour-joining method and MEGA6 software. RESULTS All tested Polish isolates belonged to genogroup 5, like other European Spajurup isolates. CONCLUSION Our findings prove that there is only one IPN virus genogroup in Poland. Polish isolates show close relationships with each other. There is a close relationship between Polish isolates and isolates from Turkey, Spain and Iran. Isolate 57 is a separate branch related to isolates from the United States and Taiwan. This points to the likelihood of past virus introduction via import of stock from those countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Maj-Paluch
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Marek Matras
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Ewa Borzym
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stachnik
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Michal Reichert
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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Mosad SM, Eladl AH, El-Tholoth M, Ali HS, Hamed MF. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated from naturally infected turkey poults in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3819-3831. [PMID: 33006042 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the molecular characterization and pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolated from naturally infected turkey poults and possible spread to chickens. Thirty samples were collected from turkey poults in the vicinity or in the same backyards with chickens suspected to be infected with IBDV and from live bird markets from different localities in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. There were no obvious clinical signs in tested turkey poults except dehydration and whitish diarrhoea in some birds with no mortality, and post-mortem lesions were observed in few birds as atrophied bursae, nephritis and petechial haemorrhages on thigh muscles. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were used for identification of the IBDV. Out of 30 tested samples, 17 samples (56.7%) were positive by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene of two selected IBDV strains (turkey 1 and turkey 2) showed a close genetic relationship to vvIBDV strains (serotype 1) isolated from chickens in Egypt and other countries with 93.1 to 95.99% identity for turkey 1 strain and 95.54 to 98.51% for turkey 2 strain. Both turkey 1 and turkey 2 strains were closely related to the Nigerian vvIBDV strain isolated from turkeys with 95.78% and 96.37% identity, respectively. Sequence analysis of both strains demonstrated that they have conserved amino acid residues of vvIBDV (I242, I294 and S299) and Y220F amino acid substitution which is very common in Egyptian vvIBDV chicken strains, while Turkey 1 strain has amino acid substitutions at A222P and I256V. Histopathological examination showed marked depletion of bursal lymphoid tissue. In conclusion, for the first time in Egypt, the molecular characterization and pathogenicity confirmed the presence of natural infection of turkey poults with vvIBDV (serotype 1) with possible spread to chickens causing severe economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah H Eladl
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box: 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Ali
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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15
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Xu LM, Liu M, Zhao JZ, Ren GM, Dong Y, Shao YZ, Lu TY, Zhang QY. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus inhibits infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus at the early stage of infection in a time dependent manner during Co-infection in Chinook salmon embryo cell lines. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:361-367. [PMID: 32387559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salmonids can be co-infected by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) under natural or experimental conditions. To reveal the influence of IPNV on IHNV in co-infections, CHSE-214 cells were inoculated with IPNV at different time intervals prior to or after IHNV infection. Propagation of IHNV was determined by an immunofluorescence antibody test, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and virus titration. The results showed that when cells were inoculated with IPNV prior to IHNV, IHNV multiplication was inhibited. This inhibitory effect became stronger with increasing time intervals (P < 0.05). When cells were inoculated with IPNV after IHNV, the inhibitory effect became weaker with increasing time intervals (P < 0.05), and no significant inhibition was observed at 12 h (P > 0.05) compared with the single IHNV infection group. The findings suggest that IHNV is inhibited at the early stage of infection by IPNV and in a time dependent manner during co-infection. Furthermore, the effect of IPNV on IHNV entry and expression of IHNV entry-related genes clathrin, dynamin-2, adaptor protein 2, and vacuolar protein sorting 35 were also determined. The results showed that IPNV did not affect the amount of IHNV entering the cells. However, the expression levels of clathrin and dynamin-2 were significantly lower in co-infection than those in single IHNV infection, which suggests that IPNV likely inhibits IHNV by affecting IHNV invasion via downregulating IHNV entry-related genes clathrin and dynamin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Jing-Zhuang Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Guang-Ming Ren
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Shao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Tong-Yan Lu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, China.
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Shirokov DA, Manuvera VA, Miroshina OA, Dubovoi AS, Samuseva GN, Dmitrieva ME, Lazarev VN. Generation of recombinant VP3 protein of infectious bursal disease virus in three different expression systems, antigenic analysis of the obtained polypeptides and development of an ELISA test. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1611-1620. [PMID: 32405826 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which infects young chickens, is one of the most important pathogens that harm the poultry industry. Evaluation of the immune status of birds before and after vaccination is of great importance for controlling the disease caused by this virus. Therefore, the development of low-cost and easy-to-manufacture test systems for IBDV antibody detection remains an urgent issue. In this study, three expression systems (bacteria, yeast, and human cells) were used to produce recombinant VP3 protein of IBDV. VP3 is a group-specific antigen and hence may be a good candidate for use in diagnostic tests. Comparison of the antigenic properties of the obtained polypeptides showed that the titres of antibodies raised in chickens against bacteria- or human-cell-derived recombinant VP3 were high, whereas the antibody level against yeast-derived recombinant VP3 was low. The results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of sera from IBDV-infected chickens demonstrated that the recombinant VP3 produced in E. coli would be the best choice for use in test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy A Shirokov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation.
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Valentin A Manuvera
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
- All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Poultry Science, Branch of All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiyev Posad, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Miroshina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr S Dubovoi
- All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Poultry Science, Branch of All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiyev Posad, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Galina N Samuseva
- All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Poultry Science, Branch of All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiyev Posad, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita E Dmitrieva
- All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Poultry Science, Branch of All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiyev Posad, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vassili N Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
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17
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Li J, Zheng SJ. Role of MicroRNAs in Host Defense against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Infection: A Hidden Front Line. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050543. [PMID: 32423052 PMCID: PMC7291112 DOI: 10.3390/v12050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDV infection and the host response, including apoptosis, autophagy and the inhibition of innate immunity. Not only a number of host proteins interacting with or targeted by viral proteins participate in these processes, but microRNAs (miRNAs) are also involved in the host response to IBDV infection. If an IBDV–host interaction at the protein level is taken imaginatively as the front line of the battle between invaders (pathogens) and defenders (host cells), their fight at the RNA level resembles the hidden front line. miRNAs are a class of non-coding single-stranded endogenous RNA molecules with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides (nt) that play important roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Insights into the roles of viral proteins and miRNAs in host response will add to the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDV infection. The interaction of viral proteins with cellular targets during IBDV infection were previously well-reviewed. This review focuses mainly on the current knowledge of the host response to IBDV infection at the RNA level, in particular, of the nine well-characterized miRNAs that affect cell apoptosis, the innate immune response and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(10)-6273-4681
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18
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Ganguly B, Mrigesh M, Chauhan P, Rastogi SK. Dietary supplementation with Withania somnifera root powder ameliorates experimentally induced Infectious Bursal Disease in chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1195-1206. [PMID: 31705357 PMCID: PMC7223712 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is an economically important, immunosuppressive viral disease of chicken. Withania somnifera, a well-known Indian medicinal plant and functional food, finds extensive ethnomedicinal and ethnoveterinary use in the subcontinent. Root extracts of Withania somnifera have been shown to inhibit IBD virus (IBDV) in vitro. The effect of dietary supplementation with whole root powder of Withania somnifera was studied in chicken experimentally infected with IBDV. Dietary supplementation with the root powder improved erythrocytic indices, biochemical parameters, bursal weight index, and lymphocyte stimulation indices, and reduced histopathological insult in the infected birds. Viral load decreased to less than one-fourth in the birds receiving dietary supplementation with Withania somnifera root powder. It could be concluded that continued supplementation of IBDV-infected chicken with Withania somnifera root powder alleviated virus-induced stress and histological and immunological alterations and reduced viral persistence in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Ganguly
- Animal Biotechnology Center, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India.
- Present Address: Clinical Research Department, Research and Development Division, Ayurvet Limited, Katha, Baddi, 173205, India.
| | - Meena Mrigesh
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Premlata Chauhan
- Animal Biotechnology Center, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Rastogi
- Animal Biotechnology Center, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
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19
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Dong Y, Zhao J, Chen X, Liu M, Ren G, Lu T, Shao Y, Xu L. Autophagy induced by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus promotes its multiplication in the Chinook salmon embryo cell line CHSE-214. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:375-381. [PMID: 31874298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a common pathogen that causes huge economic losses for the salmonid aquaculture industry. Autophagy plays an important regulatory role in the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we explored the relationship between IPNV infection and autophagy in Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells using standard methods. Transmission electron microscopy showed that IPNV infection produced typical structures of autophagosomes in CHSE-214 cells. Transformation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II protein, a marker of autophagy, was observed in IPNV-infected cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis. Western blotting also showed that expression of the autophagy substrate p62 was significantly decreased in IPNV-infected cells. The influence of autophagy on IPNV multiplication was further clarified with cell culture experiments using autophagy inducer rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Rapamycin promoted IPNV multiplication at both the nucleic acid and protein levels, which led to higher IPNV yields; 3-methyladenine treatment had the opposite effect. This study has demonstrated that IPNV can induce autophagy, and that autophagy promotes the multiplication of IPNV in CHSE-214 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Sciences Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China.
| | - Jingzhuang Zhao
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Technology Center of Wuhan Customs, Wuhan, 430050, PR China.
| | - Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Guangming Ren
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Tongyan Lu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Yizhi Shao
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Liming Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
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20
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Mohd Isa F, Ahmed Al-Haj N, Mat Isa N, Ideris A, Powers C, Oladapo O, Nair V, Omar AR. Differential expression of immune-related genes in the bursa of Fabricius of two inbred chicken lines following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 68:101399. [PMID: 31837598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Among different inbred chickens' lines, we previously showed that lines P and N of Institute for Animal Health, Compton, UK are the most susceptible and the least affected lines, respectively, following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). In this study, the differential expressions of 29 different immune-related genes were characterized. Although, birds from both lines succumbed to infection, line P showed greater bursal lesion scores and higher viral copy numbers compared to line N. Interestingly, line N showed greater down-regulation of B cell related genes (BLNK, TNFSF13B and CD72) compared to line P. While up-regulation of T-cell related genes (CD86 and CTLA4) and Th1 associated cytokines (IFNG, IL2, IL12A and IL15) were documented in both lines, the expression levels of these genes were different in the two lines. Meanwhile, the expression of IFN-related genes IFNB, STAT1, and IRF10, but not IRF5, were up-regulated in both lines. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL6, IL18, and IL17) and chemokines (CXCLi2, CCL4, CCL5 and CCR5) were up-regulated in both lines with greater increase documented in line P compared to line N. Strikingly, the expression of IL12B was detected only in line P whilst the expression of IL15RA was detected only in line N. In conclusion, the bursal immunopathology of IBDV correlates more with expression of proinflammatory response related genes and does not related to expression of B-cell related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhanah Mohd Isa
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nagi Ahmed Al-Haj
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Claire Powers
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK; The Jenner Institute, The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Tapia D, Barría A, Kuznar J, Yáñez JM. Comparison of mortality and viral load in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) genogroups 1 and 5. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:139-146. [PMID: 31724200 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the aetiological agent of a highly contagious disease that affects farmed salmonids. IPNV isolates have been phylogenetically classified into eight genogroups, of which two are present in Chile, genogroups 1 and 5. Here, we compare the mortality rate caused by isolates from both genogroups in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry to determine if there is an association between host susceptibility and phylogenetic characterization of IPNV. Fish were challenged by immersion with one of four isolates (two for each genogroup), and mortality curves were assessed after 30 days. Viral load was measured in all mortalities and in live fish sampled at 1, 7 and 20 days post-infection. Although mortality was low throughout the challenge, differences were found between fish infected with different isolates. Both isolates from genogroup 1 caused greater cumulative mortalities than either of the isolates from genogroup 5. When combined, the overall mortality rate of fish challenged with genogroup 1 isolates was significantly higher than those infected with genogroup 5. However, viral load was lower on trout infected with genogroup 1 isolates. These results suggest that rainbow trout are more susceptible to IPNV isolates from genogroup 1 than genogroup 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tapia
- Doctorado en Acuicultura, Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Universidad Católica del Norte, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Barría
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Kuznar
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José M Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile
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22
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Dobner M, Auerbach M, Mundt E, Preisinger R, Icken W, Rautenschlein S. Immune responses upon in ovo HVT-IBD vaccination vary between different chicken lines. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 100:103422. [PMID: 31247248 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genotype of chickens is assumed to be associated with variable immune responses. In this study a modern, moderate performing dual-purpose chicken line (DT) was compared with a high-performing layer-type (LT) as well as a broiler-type (BT) chicken line. One group of each genotype was vaccinated in ovo with a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys expressing the virus protein VP2 of the infectious bursal disease virus (HVT-IBD) while one group of each genotype was left HVT-IBD unvaccinated (control group). Genotype associated differences in innate and adapted immune responses between the groups were determined over five weeks post hatch. HVT-IBD vaccination significantly enhanced humoral immune responses against subsequently applied live vaccines compared to non-HVT-IBD vaccinated groups at some of the investigated time points (P < 0.05). In addition HVT-IBD vaccination had depending on the genotype a significant impact on splenic macrophage as well as bursal CD4+ T-cell numbers (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the detectable genotype influence on Interferon (IFN) γ and nitric oxide (NO) release of ex vivo stimulated spleen cells was independent of HVT-IBD vaccination. The results of our study suggest considering a genotype specific vaccination regime in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dobner
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Monika Auerbach
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Veterinary Research Center GmbH Co. KG, Bemeroderstr. 31, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Wiebke Icken
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Am Seedeich 9-11, 27472, Cuxhaven, Germany.
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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He X, Wang W, Chen G, Jiao P, Ji Z, Yang L, Wei P. Serological study reveal different antigenic IBDV strains prevalent in southern China during the years 2000-2017 and also the antigenic differences between the field strains and the commonly used vaccine strains. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108458. [PMID: 31767074 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antigenic relatedness of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses (IBDVs) in the field in southern China during the period 2000-2017, as well as the antigenic relationship between the field strains and the most commonly used vaccine strains by using a virus neutralization (VN) test in vitro. The antigenic relatedness (R) value and the difference in VN titers were analyzed, and the antigenic index based on the sequences of the hypervariable region of VP2 (vVP2) of the strains was further evaluated. As a result, the R value of representative field strains showed that there were three subtypes present in the field strains examined, with 7 strains belonging to subtype 1, while strains BH11 and JS7 belonged to subtype 2 and subtype 3, respectively. The commonly used vaccine strains B87 and FW2512 belonged to subtype 1. The analysis of the VN titer differences revealed that all the 136 field strains were classified into subtype 1, except BH11 and JS7. All the field strains in subtype 1 have been divided into at least 5 subgroups, suggesting the antigenic diversity among these strains. The antigenic index based on IBDV-VP2 sequences further confirmed the antigenic differences between the three subtype strains and also the antigenic diversity among the subtype 1. The results demonstrated the antigenic diversity of field IBDVs in southern China during the years 2000-2017 and the antigenic differences between the field strains and the commonly used vaccine strains. This would indicate that the commonly used vaccines are only partially effective. These results enhance our understanding of IBDV genetic evolution and should help to develop more effective vaccines for the control of this disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumiao He
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China; Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Jensen I, Overrein MC, Fredriksen BN, Strandskog G, Seternes T. Differences in smolt status affect the resistance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) against infectious pancreatic necrosis, while vaccine-mediated protection is unaffected. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:1271-1282. [PMID: 31211446 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In today's aquaculture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), a majority of viral disease outbreaks occur after seawater transfer. A relevant question is how the parr-smolt transformation influences the efficacy of viral vaccines and the innate resistance against viral diseases. In this study, vaccinated and unvaccinated A. salmon parr were exposed to different photoperiodic regimens (1-, 3- or 6-week continuous light-WCL). Fish groups at different stages in the smoltification process were induced, as demonstrated by differences in morphological and physiological smolt parameters. At the time of seawater transfer, the 6-WCL group had reached a more pronounced stage in the smoltification process than the 1-WCL group. In unvaccinated fish, the subsequent cohabitation challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) gave a significantly higher accumulated mortality in the 6-WCL group (87%) compared to the 1-WCL group (39%). In the vaccinated groups, this effect was not apparent and there were no differences in accumulated mortality between the 1 WCL, 3 WCL and 6-WCL groups. These data suggest that the resistance to IPN in A. salmon was negatively influenced by smoltification, while vaccine-mediated protection to IPN was maintained equally well irrespective of smolt status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvill Jensen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mathias C Overrein
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Guro Strandskog
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Seternes
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Levicán-Asenjo J, Soto-Rifo R, Aguayo F, Gaggero A, Leon O. Salmon cells SHK-1 internalize infectious pancreatic necrosis virus by macropinocytosis. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:1035-1046. [PMID: 31049989 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) enters the embryo cell line CHSE-214 by macropinocytosis. In this study, we have extended our investigation into SHK-1 cells, a macrophage-like cell line derived from the head kidney of Atlantic salmon, the most economically important host of IPNV. We show that IPNV infection stimulated fluid uptake in SHK-1 cells above the constitutive macropinocytosis level. In addition, upon infection of SHK-1 cells, IPNV produced several changes in actin dynamics, such as protrusions and ruffles, which are important features of macropinocytosis. We also observed that the Na+/H+ pump inhibitor EIPA blocked IPNV infection. On the other hand, IPNV entry was independent of clathrin, a possibility that could not be ruled out in CHSE 214 cells. In order to determine the possible role of accessory factors on the macropinocytic process, we tested several inhibitors that affect components of transduction pathways. While pharmacological intervention of PKI3, PAK-1 and Rac1 did not affect IPNV infection, inhibition of Ras and Rho GTPases as well as Cdc42 resulted in a partial decrease in IPNV infection. Further studies will be required to determine the signalling pathway involved in the macropinocytosis-mediated entry of IPNV into its target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Levicán-Asenjo
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Gaggero
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Leon
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Abstract
Avian virus infection remains one of the most important threats to the poultry industry. Pathogens such as avian influenza virus (AIV), avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) are normally controlled by antibodies specific for surface proteins and cellular immune responses. However, standard vaccines aimed at inducing neutralizing antibodies must be administered annually and can be rendered ineffective because immune-selective pressure results in the continuous mutation of viral surface proteins of different strains circulating from year to year. Chicken T cells have been shown to play a crucial role in fighting virus infection, offering lasting and cross-strain protection, and offer the potential for developing universal vaccines. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of chicken T cell immunity to viruses. More importantly, we point out the limitations and barriers of current research and a potential direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisan Chen
- T Cell Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Sahithi KD, Nancy PA, Vishnu Vardhan GP, Kumanan K, Vijayarani K, Hema M. Detection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antibodies using chimeric plant virus-like particles. Vet Microbiol 2019; 229:20-27. [PMID: 30642595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to use Physalis mottle virus (PhMV) coat protein (CP) as a scaffold to display the neutralizing epitopes of Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP2. For this, three different chimeric constructs were synthesized by replacing the N-terminus of PhMV CP with tandem repeats of neutralizing epitopes of IBDV VP2 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Expression analysis revealed that all the three recombinant chimeric coat protein subunits are soluble in nature and self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) as evidenced through sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The chimeric VLPs were characterized by various biochemical and biophysical techniques and found that they are stable and structurally sound. When the chimeric VLPs were used as coating antigen, they were able to detect IBDV antibodies. These results indicated that the chimeric VLPs can be used as potential vaccine candidates for the control of IBDV, which needs to be further evaluated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pandirajan Arul Nancy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kathaperumal Kumanan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kanagaraj Vijayarani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masarapu Hema
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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28
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McConville J, Fringuelli E, Evans D, Savage P. First examination of the Lough Neagh European eel (Anguilla anguilla) population for eel virus European, eel virus European X and Anguillid Herpesvirus-1 infection by employing novel molecular techniques. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1783-1791. [PMID: 30144086 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lough Neagh is home to the largest wild-caught European eel (Anguilla anguilla) commercial fishery in the EU, producing 14% of the EU catch and worth £3.2 million to the local economy. Viral infections have been suggested to play a contributory role in the decline of the worldwide eel stock, but previous studies of the Lough Neagh European eel population had not observed either acute or chronic viral signs. Eel virus European (EVE), Eel virus European X (EVEX) and Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (HVA) have been detected throughout Europe and as the Lough Neagh eel fishery is supplemented by re-stocking of eels from France, Spain and the United Kingdom and these viral infections may be asymptomatic, it is vital that the viral pathogen prevalence in the Lough is accurately determined. This study aimed to ascertain the presence of these viruses in the Lough Neagh European eel population by employing novel molecular techniques testing specifically for the presence of EVE, EVEX and HVA. No evidence was found of HVA infection, whereas EVE and EVEX were found, albeit at a very low prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McConville
- Disease Surveillance and Investigation Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Elena Fringuelli
- Fish Disease Unit, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Derek Evans
- Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems, Sustainable Agri-food Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul Savage
- Fish Disease Unit, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
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29
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Tidbury HJ, Joiner CL, Rimmer GSE, Potter HV, Taylor NGH. The effectiveness of fishery net dips: Advice for the improvement of biosecurity measures. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1625-1630. [PMID: 30091241 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Disease poses a major threat to aquaculture and commercial and recreational fisheries globally. Biosecurity measures have been implemented; however, empirical evidence of their efficacy in situ is lacking. Here, we present the results from a study conducted to examine the effectiveness of disinfectant net dips. Samples were collected from disinfectant net dips at 25 recreational fisheries in south-west England and assessed to determine (a) the level of bacterial contamination and (b) the reduction in titre of a target virus (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV) following a contact time of 2 and 5 min. In addition, the study examined the reduction in target virus titre following exposure to laboratory prepared Virkon® , representing "clean," "dirty" and "diluted and dirty" conditions, for 2 and 5 min. Bacterial contamination was high in 64% of disinfectant samples, and, 76% of disinfectant samples did not effectively reduce the target virus titre in 2 or 5 min. Virus titre was successfully reduced following exposure to laboratory prepared Virkon® for 2 or 5 min, although dilution and contamination reduced the effectiveness. These results suggest that disinfectant net dips may not be working effectively on a high proportion of fishery sites. We provide recommendations for improving biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Tidbury
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Claire L Joiner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | | | - Holly V Potter
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nick G H Taylor
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
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30
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Drissi Touzani C, Fellahi S, Gaboun F, Fassi Fihri O, Baschieri S, Mentag R, El Houadfi M. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus circulating in Morocco during 2016-2017. Arch Virol 2018; 164:381-390. [PMID: 30367293 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV), the cause of significant economic losses in many poultry-producing areas, has been present in Morocco since 1991. In spite of the introduction of vaccination, disease outbreaks are frequently observed. To ascertain if vaccines failure may be due to the emergence of new strains, the aim of this study was to perform for the first time the molecular characterization of vvIBDV strains circulating in Morocco by focusing on the hypervariable region (HVR) of the VP2 protein, which is frequently used for molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies. Field samples of haemorrhagic bursae of Fabricius were collected for molecular characterization in different parts of the country during 2016-2017 from 48 chicken flocks showing symptoms of disease. In a phylogenetic tree, nucleotide sequences containing the VP2 HVR of 13 samples that were positive for vvIBDV formed a common branch with those of vvIBDV references strains published in GenBank, but they clearly grouped into a distinct subcluster. An alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences, in addition to confirming the presence of the "signature" typical of the vvIBDV HVR, also revealed the presence of substitutions in hydrophilic loops that are known to be involved in the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies. One of these substitutions is unique to the Moroccan isolates. These results represent the first molecular characterization of vvIBDV isolates in Morocco and may indicate that one of the causes of vaccine ineffectiveness is antigenic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charifa Drissi Touzani
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat-Instituts, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
- Unité de Biotechnologie, CRRA-Rabat, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui, Rabat-Instituts, B.P 6356, 10101, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat-Instituts, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Gaboun
- Unité de Biotechnologie, CRRA-Rabat, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui, Rabat-Instituts, B.P 6356, 10101, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat-Instituts, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Selene Baschieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachid Mentag
- Unité de Biotechnologie, CRRA-Rabat, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui, Rabat-Instituts, B.P 6356, 10101, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Houadfi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat-Instituts, 10000, Rabat, Morocco.
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31
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Ulrich K, Wehner S, Bekaert M, Di Paola N, Dilcher M, Muir KF, Taggart JB, Matejusova I, Weidmann M. Molecular epidemiological study on Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus isolates from aquafarms in Scotland over three decades. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1567-1581. [PMID: 30358526 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain an insight into genomic changes and associated evolution and adaptation of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV), the complete coding genomes of 57 IPNV isolates collected from Scottish aquafarms from 1982 to 2014 were sequenced and analysed. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced IPNV strains showed separate clustering of genogroups I, II, III and V. IPNV isolates with genetic reassortment of segment A/B of genogroup III/II were determined. About 59 % of the IPNV isolates belonged to the persistent type and 32 % to the low-virulent type, and only one highly pathogenic strain (1.79 %) was identified. Codon adaptation index calculations indicated that the IPNV major capsid protein VP2 has adapted to its salmonid host. Under-representation of CpG dinucleotides in the IPNV genome to minimize detection by the innate immunity receptors, and observed positive selection in the virulence determination sites of VP2 embedded in the variable region of the main antigenic region, suggest an immune escape mechanism driving virulence evolution. The prevalence of mostly persistent genotypes, together with the assumption of adaptation and immune escape, indicates that IPNV is evolving with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ulrich
- 1Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Michaël Bekaert
- 1Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- 3Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meik Dilcher
- 4Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New-Zealand
| | | | - John B Taggart
- 1Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Manfred Weidmann
- 1Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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32
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Jahromi MZ, Bello MB, Abdolmaleki M, Yeap SK, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR. Differential activation of intraepithelial lymphocyte-natural killer cells in chickens infected with very virulent and vaccine strains of infectious bursal disease virus. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 87:116-123. [PMID: 29886054 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the role of CD3-/28.4+ intraepithelial lymphocytes-natural killer (CD3-/28.4+IEL-NK) cells during infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, characterisation of the cells was performed following infection with different strains of the virus. In vitro treatment with IL-18 or ionomycin/PMA successfully stimulated and activated the cells via a significant increase in the expression of CD69, B-Lec, CHIR-AB1 and NK-lysin. Similarly, chickens infected with the vaccine strain of IBDV also up-regulated the expression of CD69, B-Lec, CHIR-AB1 and NK-lysin in CD3-/28.4+ IEL-NK cells up to 3 days post infection (dpi) and down-regulated the expression of the inhibitory receptor B-NK at 3 dpi. On the contrary, infection with the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strain lead to a reduced activation of the cells by down-regulating the expression of the CD69, CHIR-AB1 and NK-lysin especially at 1 dpi. These findings altogether demonstrate the differential activation of CD3-/28.4+IEL-NK cells in chicken following infection with the vaccine or very virulent strains of IBDV. The study therefore provides an important clue into the differential pathogenesis of IBDV infection in chicken. Further studies are however required to determine the functional importance of these findings during IBDV vaccination and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zareian Jahromi
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mostafa Abdolmaleki
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia.
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33
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Raja P, Senthilkumar TMA, Priyadarshini CV, Parthiban M, Thangavelu A, Mangala Gowri A, Palanisammi A, Kumanan K. Sequence analysis of VP2 hypervariable region of the field isolates of infectious bursal disease viruses from southern region of India. Acta Virol 2018. [PMID: 29521107 DOI: 10.4149/av_2018_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus isolates obtained from southern parts of India were subjected to comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 743bp hypervariable region of VP2. The sequence analysis showed that among eight isolates, only HY12 showed the characteristic conserved amino acid residues at 256I, 294I, and 299S of vvIBDV. Six isolates BGE14, PY12, NKL14, VCN14, RPM14 and EDE14 had conserved amino acid residues at 256I and 299S, whereas at residue 294, isoleucine was substituted by valine. The remaining isolate MB11 had leucine at residue 294 and asparagine at residue 299 similar to classical strain 52/70. The serine-rich heptapeptide sequence SWSASGS adjacent to the second hydrophilic region was conserved in all seven Indian IBDV isolates except isolate MB11. Conservation of this sequence was earlier reported to be an indication of a virus isolate being pathogenic in nature. The reported heptapeptide sequence of the classical strain is 'SWSARGS'. In the present study, 'SWSARGS' heptapeptide sequence was observed in MB11 isolate. The pathogenicity trials conducted with these isolates further confirmed the genome analysis in classification. This study further reveals that the circulating IBDV strains in India could be diverse in nature.
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34
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Li L, Kubasová T, Rychlik I, Hoerr FJ, Rautenschlein S. Infectious bursal disease virus infection leads to changes in the gut associated-lymphoid tissue and the microbiota composition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192066. [PMID: 29390031 PMCID: PMC5794159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive poultry disease. IBD virus (IBDV) is the causative agent, which may lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in susceptible birds. IBDV-pathogenesis studies have focused mainly on primary lymphoid organs. It is not known if IBDV infection may modify the development of the gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) as well as the microbiota composition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of IBDV-infection on the bursa of Fabricius (BF), caecal tonsils (CT) and caecum, and to determine the effects on the gut microbiota composition in the caecum. Commercial broiler chickens were inoculated with a very virulent (vv) strain of IBDV at 14 (Experiment 2) or 15 (Experiment 1) days post hatch (dph). Virus replication, lesion development, immune parameters including numbers of T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, as well as the gut microbiota composition were compared between groups. Rapid IBDV-replication was detected in the BF, CT and caecum. It was accompanied by histological lesions including an infiltration of heterophils. In addition a significant reduction in the total mucosal thickness of the caecum was observed in vvIBDV-infected birds compared to virus-free controls (P < 0.05). vvIBDV infection also led to an increase in T lymphocyte numbers and macrophages, as well as a decrease in the number of B lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the caecum, and in the caecal tonsils. Illumina sequencing analysis indicated that vvIBDV infection also induced changes in the abundance of Clostridium XIVa and Faecalibacterium over time. Overall, our results suggested that vvIBDV infection had a significant impact on the GALT and led to a modulation of gut microbiota composition, which may lead to a higher susceptibility of affected birds for pathogens invading through the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Clinic for Poultry, Bünteweg, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tereza Kubasová
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederic J. Hoerr
- Veterinary Diagnostic Pathology, Fort Valley, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Clinic for Poultry, Bünteweg, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chi J, You L, Li P, Teng M, Zhang G, Luo J, Wang A. Surface IgM λ light chain is involved in the binding and infection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) to DT40 cells. Virus Genes 2018; 54:236-245. [PMID: 29372383 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an important immunosuppressive virus in chickens. Surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM)-bearing B lymphocytes act as the major targets of IBDV in the bursa of Fabricius, and sIgM may function as one of the membrane binding sites responsible for IBDV infection. Recently, using the virus overlay protein binding assay, the chicken λ light chain of sIgM was identified to specifically interact with IBDV in a virulence-independent manner in vitro. To further investigate sIgM λ light chain-mediated IBDV binding and infection in pre-B cells, the cell line DT40, which is susceptible to both pathogenic and attenuated IBDV, was used. Based on the RNA interference strategy, the DT40 cell line whose λ light chain of sIgM was stably knocked down, herein termed DT40LKD, was generated by the genomic integration of a specific small hairpin RNA and a green fluorescence protein co-expression construct. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the binding of IBDV to DT40LKD cells was significantly reduced due to the loss of sIgM λ light chain. In particular, reduced viral replication was observed in IBDV-incubated DT40LKD cells, and no viral release into cell culture medium was detected by the IBDV rapid diagnostic strips. In addition, the rescue of sIgM λ light chain expression restored viral binding and replication in DT40LKD cells. These results show that sIgM λ light chain appears to be beneficial for IBDV attachment and infection, suggesting that sIgM acts as a binding site involved in IBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chi
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiming You
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
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Büyükekiz AG, Altun S, Hansen EF, Satıcıoğlu IB, Duman M, Markussen T, Rimstad E. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) serotype Sp is prevalent in Turkish rainbow trout farms. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:95-104. [PMID: 28745835 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a common pathogen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. We found that 455 of 1,676 sample pools tested were IPNV positive. Positive samples were found in all geographical regions where sampling was conducted. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of VP2 from 30 isolates representing all regions showed that the viruses were highly similar in sequence and grouped within Genogroup 5 (serotype Sp-A2). No correlations between sequences, sampling sites or geographical origins were identified. Although clinical disease was evident in several farms, analyses of the amino acid sequence of VP2 showed that all virus strains harboured the P217 T221 motif, assumed to be associated with low virulence. We conclude that IPNV is prevalent in Turkish rainbow trout farms and that the viruses are very homogenous and likely to be of European origin. Frequent exchange of eggs and live fish within the farming industry may explain the homogeneity of the IPNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Büyükekiz
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - S Altun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - E F Hansen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - I B Satıcıoğlu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - M Duman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - T Markussen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Rimstad
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Farhanah MI, Yasmin AR, Mat Isa N, Hair-Bejo M, Ideris A, Powers C, Oladapo O, Nair V, Khoo JS, Ghazali AK, Yee WY, Omar AR. Bursal transcriptome profiling of different inbred chicken lines reveals key differentially expressed genes at 3 days post-infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:21-35. [PMID: 29058656 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease is a highly contagious disease in the poultry industry and causes immunosuppression in chickens. Genome-wide regulations of immune response genes of inbred chickens with different genetic backgrounds, following very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection are poorly characterized. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the bursal tissue transcriptome of six inbred chicken lines 6, 7, 15, N, O and P following infection with vvIBDV strain UK661 using strand-specific next-generation sequencing, by highlighting important genes and pathways involved in the infected chicken during peak infection at 3 days post-infection. All infected chickens succumbed to the infection without major variations among the different lines. However, based on the viral loads and bursal lesion scoring, lines P and 6 can be considered as the most susceptible lines, while lines 15 and N were regarded as the least affected lines. Transcriptome profiling of the bursa identified 4588 genes to be differentially expressed, with 2985 upregulated and 1642 downregulated genes, in which these genes were commonly or uniquely detected in all or several infected lines. Genes that were upregulated are primarily pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and IFN-related. Various genes that are associated with B-cell functions and genes related to apoptosis were downregulated, together with the genes involved in p53 signalling. In conclusion, bursal transcriptome profiles of different inbred lines showed differential expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Th1 cytokines, JAK-STAT signalling genes, MAPK signalling genes, and their related pathways following vvIBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Isa Farhanah
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rahaman Yasmin
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Claire Powers
- Avian Viral Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | | | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Viral Diseases, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - Jia-Shiun Khoo
- Codon Genomics SB, Taman Dutamas, Balakong, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad-Kamal Ghazali
- Codon Genomics SB, Taman Dutamas, Balakong, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Yan Yee
- Codon Genomics SB, Taman Dutamas, Balakong, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dulwich KL, Giotis ES, Gray A, Nair V, Skinner MA, Broadbent AJ. Differential gene expression in chicken primary B cells infected ex vivo with attenuated and very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2918-2930. [PMID: 29154745 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) belongs to the family Birnaviridae and is economically important to the poultry industry worldwide. IBDV infects B cells in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), causing immunosuppression and morbidity in young chickens. In addition to strains that cause classical Gumboro disease, the so-called 'very virulent' (vv) strain, also in circulation, causes more severe disease and increased mortality. IBDV has traditionally been controlled through the use of live attenuated vaccines, with attenuation resulting from serial passage in non-lymphoid cells. However, the factors that contribute to the vv or attenuated phenotypes are poorly understood. In order to address this, we aimed to investigate host cell-IBDV interactions using a recently described chicken primary B-cell model, where chicken B cells are harvested from the BF and cultured ex vivo in the presence of chicken CD40L. We demonstrated that these cells could support the replication of IBDV when infected ex vivo in the laboratory. Furthermore, we evaluated the gene expression profiles of B cells infected with an attenuated strain (D78) and a very virulent strain (UK661) by microarray. We found that key genes involved in B-cell activation and signalling (TNFSF13B, CD72 and GRAP) were down-regulated following infection relative to mock, which we speculate could contribute to IBDV-mediated immunosuppression. Moreover, cells responded to infection by expressing antiviral type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes, but the induction was far less pronounced upon infection with UK661, which we speculate could contribute to its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Dulwich
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Efstathios S Giotis
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Alice Gray
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Michael A Skinner
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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Boudaoud A, Mamache B, Tombari W, Ghram A. Virus mutations and their impact on vaccination against infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease). REV SCI TECH OIE 2017; 35:875-897. [PMID: 28332643 DOI: 10.20506/rst.35.3.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (also known as Gumboro disease) is an immunosuppressive viral disease specific to chickens. In spite of all the information amassed on the antigenic and immunological characteristics of the virus, the disease has not yet been brought fully under control. It is still prevalent in properly vaccinated flocks carrying specific antibodies at levels normally high enough to prevent the disease. Common causes apart, failure of vaccination against infectious bursal disease is associated mainly with early vaccination in flocks of unknown immune status and with the evolution of viruses circulating in the field, leading to antigenic drift and a sharp rise in pathogenicity. Various highly sensitive molecular techniques have clarified the viral determinants of antigenicity and pathogenicity of the infectious bursal disease virus. However, these markers are not universally recognised and tend to be considered as evolutionary markers. Antigenic variants of the infectious bursal disease virus possess modified neutralising epitopes that allow them to evade the action of maternally-derived or vaccine-induced antibodies. Autogenous or multivalent vaccines are required to control antigenic variants in areas where classical and variant virus strains coexist. Pathotypic variants (very virulent viruses) remain antigenically related to classical viruses. The difficulty in controlling pathotypic variants is linked to the difficulty of eliciting an early immune response, because of the risk of the vaccine virus being neutralised by maternal antibodies. Mathematical calculation of the optimal vaccination time and the use of vaccines resistant to maternally-derived antibodies have improved the control of very virulent viruses.
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40
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Norouzian H, Farjanikish G, Hosseini H. Genetic and pathologic characteristics of infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from broiler chickens in Iran during 2014-2015. Acta Virol 2017; 61:191-196. [PMID: 28523925 DOI: 10.4149/av_2017_02_09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus causes a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in chickens. A total number of 12 pooled bursal samples were collected during 2014-2015 from broiler farms in different regions of Iran. Typical macroscopical and histopathological lesions of the bursa of Fabricius were found similar to reports by other researchers. A 474-bp part of hypervariable region of VP2 (hvVP2) was sequenced and analyzed. Ten isolates had the characteristic amino acid residues of very virulent IBD (vvIBD) viruses and the other two were identified as attenuated (vaccine) strains. The vvIBD isolates had a unique G to S mutation at position 254, compared to other Iranian vvIBD isolates. Two attenuated isolates had the mutation 253Q, not found in D78 strain, creating virulent variant of vaccine strains. Degree of similarity among the studied vvIBD isolates was relatively high (97.6-100%), proposing a common ancestor for them. However, they were partly different from previous Iranian and neighbor countries' isolates (96.2-97.3% similarity to Shiraz isolate and 95.7-96.7% to Iraq and Turkey isolates). In phylogenetic analysis, the studied vvIBD isolates classified as a separate subgroup in the group of isolates from Iran and neighbor countries. More studies on genetic and antigenic characteristics of these isolates as well as probable modifications in their pathogenicity are needed to evaluate the significance of the mentioned differences.
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López-Vázquez C, Alonso MC, Dopazo CP, Bandín I. In vivo study of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus coexistence in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1129-1139. [PMID: 28032357 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of IPNV-VHSV coinfection and superinfection on the mortality caused by both viruses in Senegalese sole has been analysed. No effect was observed after coinfection. However, a clear viral interference was recorded between a primary IPNV and a subsequent VHSV infection, which led to a survival increase in the infected sole of 50% points when compared with fish infected only with VHSV. The significantly higher Mx transcriptional values in the fish pre-exposed to IPNV (at least at first days after superinfection) and the increased daily mortality when low Mx transcriptional levels were recorded suggest that Mx may be involved in the protective effect against VHSV infection. However, in fish subjected to VHSV primary/IPNV secondary infection, no interference was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C López-Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M C Alonso
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Málaga, Spain
| | - C P Dopazo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I Bandín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Vázquez D, Cutrín JM, Olveira JG, Dopazo CP. Design and validation of a RT-qPCR procedure for diagnosis and quantification of most types of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus using a single pair of degenerated primers. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1155-1167. [PMID: 28026015 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is an important virus which affects the salmonid aquaculture industry worldwide; therefore, it is important to develop rapid and reliable methods of diagnosis to detect the disease at early stages. Nowadays, RT-qPCR is replacing other methods because it provides additional information on the viral load, which is important to have a better understanding of the virus replication level and of the stage of the infection and its risk level. The main problem stems from the high diversity of this virus, which can compromise the reliability of the diagnosis. In this study, we have designed an RT-qPCR procedure for diagnosis and quantification of IPNV based on a single pair of primers targeted to segment B. The procedure has been validated, in vitro and in vivo, testing two different types of standards against seven reference strains and 23 field isolates from different types. The procedure is reliable for the detection of any type, with a detection limit of 31 TCID50 mL-1 , 50 pfu mL-1 or 66 RNA copies mL-1 , depending on the standard. All the standard curves showed high reliability (R2 > 0.95). The results support the high reliability of this new procedure for the diagnosis and quantification of IPNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J M Cutrín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J G Olveira
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C P Dopazo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Esmailnejad A, Nikbakht Brujeni G, Badavam M. LEI0258 microsatellite variability and its association with humoral and cell mediated immune responses in broiler chickens. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:22-26. [PMID: 28662410 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has a profound influence on disease resistance or susceptibility, productivity and important economic traits in chicken. Association of the MHC with a wide range of immune responses makes it a valuable predictive factor for the disease pathogenesis and outcome. The tandem repeat LEI0258 is a genetic marker which is located within the B locus of chicken MHC and strongly associated with serologically defined haplotypes. LEI0258 microsatellite marker was applied to investigate the MHC polymorphism in Ross 308 broiler chicken (N=104). Association of LEI0258 alleles with humoral and cell mediated immune responses to Newcastle disease (ND), Infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Avian influenza (AI) vaccines were also examined. LEI0258 polymorphism was determined by PCR-based fragment analysis, and association of LEI0258 alleles with immune responses were evaluated using multivariate regression analysis and GLM procedures. A total of seven alleles ranging from 195 to 448bp were found, including two novel alleles (263 and 362bp) that were unique in Ross 308 broiler population. Association study revealed a significant influence of MHC alleles on humoral and cellular immune responses in Ross population (P<0.05). Alleles 385 and 448bp were associated with increased peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation response. Alleles 300, 362 and 448bp had a positive effect on immune responses to Infectious bursal disease vaccine, and allele 263bp was significantly correlated with elevated antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine. Results obtained from this study confirmed the important role of MHC as a candidate gene marker for immune responses that could be used in genetic improvement of disease-resistant traits and resource conservation in broiler population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Esmailnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Badavam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Mekuriaw A, Bitew M, Gelaye E, Mamo B, Ayelet G. Infectious bursal disease: outbreak investigation, molecular characterization, and vaccine immunogenicity trial in Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1295-1302. [PMID: 28620682 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted with the objective of isolation and molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) circulating in Ethiopia and to assess the immunogenicity of different commercially available live attenuated IBD vaccines and finally to select the appropriate vaccine strain for the existing IBDV. Outbreak samples collected from different poultry farms with IBD infection between 2013 and 2015 were used for the virus isolation and molecular characterization. IBD vaccine immunogenicity test was conducted using four different commercially available live attenuated IBD vaccine strains: namely D78, B2K, LC75, and EXTREM. Day-old Bowman brown chickens purchased from commercial farm in Debre Zeit were used for the experiment. Serum samples were collected at days 14 and 21 and screened for the presence of maternal IBDv antibodies. The screening test result revealed that most of the chickens from vaccinated progeny were positive at the age of day 14 with mean antibody titer of .42, but declined at day 21 to 0.049 below cut-off point (S/P < 0.3). Chickens were divided into five different groups (four vaccinal and one control) and vaccinated at the age of day 21 and boosted after 14 days. Serum samples were collected and all of them were challenged at their 42 days of age with locally isolated very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). From four of the vaccine strains used for immunogenicity study, the intermediate plus strains (LC75 and EXTREM) found to be superior and efficiently cross protect against the challenge with locally isolated vvIBDV. The development of clinical signs was studied and post-mortem examinations were conducted both on dead and sacrificed birds. From a total of 25 tissue samples processed for virus isolation on chicken fibroblast cell culture, 95% (18/20) of bursa and 80% (4/5) of the spleen samples showed visible cytopathic effect (CPE). The positive samples were tested by PCR and 19 of them had the expected band (643 bp). Further 11 representative samples were sequenced and confirmed that the circulating virus among poultry population in the country is vvIBDV. The study has recommended to produce vaccine using intermediate plus strains to prevent and control currently circulating vvIBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aregitu Mekuriaw
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box: 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Molalegne Bitew
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box: 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
| | - Esyas Gelaye
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box: 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Bedaso Mamo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Gelagay Ayelet
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box: 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
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Méndez F, Romero N, Cubas LL, Delgui LR, Rodríguez D, Rodríguez JF. Non-Lytic Egression of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Particles from Infected Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170080. [PMID: 28095450 PMCID: PMC5240931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the Birnaviridae family, is responsible for a devastating immunosuppressive disease affecting juvenile domestic chickens. IBDV particles are naked icosahedrons enclosing a bipartite double-stranded RNA genome harboring three open reading frames (ORF). One of these ORFs codes for VP5, a non-structural polypeptide dispensable for virus replication in tissue culture but essential for IBDV pathogenesis. Using two previously described recombinant viruses, whose genomes differ in a single nucleotide, expressing or not the VP5 polypeptide, we have analyzed the role of this polypeptide during the IBDV replication process. Here, we show that VP5 is not involved in house-keeping steps of the virus replication cycle; i.e. genome transcription/replication, protein translation and virus assembly. Although infection with the VP5 expressing and non-expressing viruses rendered similar intracellular infective progeny yields, striking differences were detected on the ability of their progenies to exiting infected cells. Experimental data shows that the bulk of the VP5-expressing virus progeny efficiently egresses infected cells during the early phase of the infection, when viral metabolism is peaking and virus-induced cell death rates are as yet minimal, as determined by qPCR, radioactive protein labeling and quantitative real-time cell death analyses. In contrast, the release of the VP5-deficient virus progeny is significantly abridged and associated to cell death. Taken together, data presented in this report show that IBDV uses a previously undescribed VP5-dependent non-lytic egress mechanism significantly enhancing the virus dissemination speed. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that newly assembled IBDV virions associate to a vesicular network apparently facilitating their trafficking from virus assembly factories to the extracellular milieu, and that this association requires the expression of the VP5 polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Méndez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Romero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana L. Cubas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura R. Delgui
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Dolores Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José F. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Kurukulasuriya S, Ahmed KA, Ojkic D, Gunawardana T, Goonewardene K, Gupta A, Chow-Lockerbie B, Popowich S, Willson P, Tikoo SK, Gomis S. Modified live infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine delays infection of neonatal broiler chickens with variant IBDV compared to turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-IBDV vectored vaccine. Vaccine 2017; 35:882-888. [PMID: 28089549 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chickens are commonly processed around 35-45days of age in broiler chicken industry hence; diseases that occur at a young age are of paramount economic importance. Early age infection with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) results in long-lasting immunosuppression and profound economic losses. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the protection efficacy of modified live (MdLV) IBDV and herpesvirus turkey (HVT)-IBDV vaccines against early age variant IBDV (varIBDV) infection in chicks. Experiments were carried out in IBDV maternal antibody (MtAb) positive chicks (n=330), divided into 6 groups (n=50-60/group), namely Group 1 (saline), Group 2 (saline+varIBDV), Group 3 (HVT-IBDV), Group 4 (HVT-IBDV+varIBDV), Group 5 (MdLV) and Group 6 (MdLV+varIBDV). HVT-IBDV vaccination was given via the in ovo route to 18-day-old embryonated eggs. MdLV was administered via the subcutaneous route in day-old broilers. Group 2, Group 4 and Group 6 were orally challenged with varIBDV (SK-09, 3×103 EID50) at day 6 post-hatch. IBDV seroconversion, bursal weight to body weight ratio (BBW) and bursal histopathology were assessed at 19 and 35days of age. Histopathological examination at day 19 revealed that varIBDV-SK09 challenge caused severe bursal atrophy and lower BBW in HVT-IBDV but not in MdLV vaccinated chicks. However by day 35, all challenged groups showed bursal atrophy and seroconversion. Interestingly, RT-qPCR analysis after varIBDV-SK09 challenge demonstrated an early (9days of age) and significantly high viral load (∼5744 folds) in HVT-IBDV vaccinated group vs unvaccinated challenged group (∼2.25 folds). Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis revealed inhibition of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response (CD44-downregulation) and decreased splenic lymphocytes counts in chicks after HVT-IBDV vaccination. Overall, our data suggest that MdLV delays varIBDV pathogenesis, whereas, HVT-IBDV vaccine is potentially immunosuppressive, which may increase the risk of early age varIBDV infection in broilers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Birnaviridae Infections/immunology
- Birnaviridae Infections/pathology
- Birnaviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Birnaviridae Infections/virology
- Bursa of Fabricius/drug effects
- Bursa of Fabricius/immunology
- Bursa of Fabricius/pathology
- Bursa of Fabricius/virology
- Chick Embryo
- Chickens/immunology
- Chickens/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Meleagrid/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 1, Meleagrid/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Meleagrid/pathogenicity
- Infectious bursal disease virus/drug effects
- Infectious bursal disease virus/immunology
- Infectious bursal disease virus/pathogenicity
- Marek Disease/immunology
- Marek Disease/pathology
- Marek Disease/prevention & control
- Marek Disease/virology
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Poultry Diseases/immunology
- Poultry Diseases/pathology
- Poultry Diseases/prevention & control
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Time Factors
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Live, Unattenuated
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Zygote/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanika Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, P.O. Box 3612, Guelph, ON N1H 6R8, Canada
| | - Thushari Gunawardana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Chow-Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Philip Willson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Parreño R, Torres S, Almagro L, Belló-Pérez M, Estepa A, Perez L. Induction of viral interference by IPNV-carrier cells on target cells: A cell co-culture study. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 58:483-489. [PMID: 27693199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
IPNV is a salmonid birnavirus that possesses the ability to establish asymptomatic persistent infections in a number of valuable fish species. The presence of IPNV may interfere with subsequent infection by other viruses. In the present study we show that an IPNV-carrier cell line (EPCIPNV) can induce an antiviral state in fresh EPC by co-cultivating both cell types in three different ways: a "droplet" culture system, a plastic chamber setup, and a transmembrane (Transwell®) system. All three cell co-culture methods were proven useful to study donor/target cell interaction. Naïve EPC cells grown in contact with EPCIPNV cells develop resistance to VHSV superinfection. The transmembrane system seems best suited to examine gene expression in donor and target cells separately. Our findings point to the conclusion that one or more soluble factors produced by the IPNV carrier culture induce the innate immune response within the target cells. This antiviral response is associated to the up-regulation of interferon (ifn) and mx gene expression in target EPC cells. To our knowledge this is the first article describing co-culture systems to study the interplay between virus-carrier cells and naive cells in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Parreño
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Susana Torres
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Lucía Almagro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Melissa Belló-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Amparo Estepa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Luis Perez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain.
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Zachar T, Popowich S, Goodhope B, Knezacek T, Ojkic D, Willson P, Ahmed KA, Gomis S. A 5-year study of the incidence and economic impact of variant infectious bursal disease viruses on broiler production in Saskatchewan, Canada. Can J Vet Res 2016; 80:255-261. [PMID: 27733779 PMCID: PMC5052876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While the prevalence of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) on chicken farms in some provinces of Canada has been documented, the economic impact of variant IBDV infection on the broiler chicken industry in Saskatchewan has not. The objectives of this study were to identify the variant strains of IBDV circulating on Saskatchewan chicken farms and evaluate their economic impact on broiler production. Infection due to IBDV was detected in 43% of Saskatchewan chicken farms, with variant strains detected in infected birds closely related predominantly to NC171, 586, and Delaware-E. Infected flocks showed an IBDV antibody titer of 4236 geometric mean (GM), whereas an antibody titer of 157 GM was measured in uninfected flocks. Infected flocks had very low (0.06) bursa-to-body-weight (BBW) ratio (an indicator of immunity) compared to high BBW ratio (0.17) in uninfected flocks, which suggests a significant immunosuppression in the former. Flocks positive for IBDV had mean mortality of 8.6% and mean condemnation of 1.5%. In contrast, mean mortality in uninfected flocks was 6.1% and mean condemnation was 1.1%. The live market weight per grow area at 37 d of age was 29.3 kg/m2 in infected flocks and 34.0 kg/m2 in flocks without IBDV infection. Flock mortality and condemnation rate were positively correlated with IBDV infection, whereas low BBW ratio was inversely correlated, as expected. Overall, IBDV-infected flocks had higher mortality, bursal atrophy, poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR), and decreased meat production. Our data suggest that the broiler chicken industry in Saskatchewan loses 3.9 million kilograms of meat production per year due to variant IBDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susantha Gomis
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Susantha Gomis; telephone: (306) 966-7299; fax: (306) 966-7439; e-mail:
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Priyadharsini CV, Senthilkumar TMA, Raja P, Kumanan K. Genotypic characterization of Indian isolates of infectious bursal disease virus strains by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Acta Virol 2016; 60:34-40. [PMID: 26982465 DOI: 10.4149/av_2016_01_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is used for the differentiation of classical virulent (cv), virulent (v) and very virulent (vv) strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates from chicken bursal tissues in southern states of India. In the present study, six different isolates (MB11, HY12, PY12, BGE14, VCN14 and NKL14) of IBDV strains were subjected for genotyping along with vaccine virus (Georgia, intermediate strain) using RT-PCR for amplification of a 743 bp sequence in the hypervariable region of VP2 gene followed by restriction enzyme digestion with 5 different restriction enzymes (BspMI, SacI, HhaI, StuI and SspI). The RT-PCR products obtained from vvIBDV strains were digested by SspI enzyme except PY12, BGE14 and MB11 isolates. The SacI digested the isolate MB11, PY12 and the vaccine strain, but it did not cleave the very virulent isolates of IBDV. HhaI cleaved all the isolates with different restriction profile patterns. StuI digested all the vvIBDV isolates and BspMI was not able to differentiate field isolates from vaccine strain. Though RT-PCR combined with RFLP is a genotypic method, further confirmation of serotypes to distinguish the vvIBDV from cvIBDV has to be carried out using pathogenicity studies.
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50
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Qi X, Gao L, Wang X. [Naturally occurring reassortants of infectious bursal disease virus - A review]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2016; 56:740-746. [PMID: 29727135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an important representative of Birnaviridae, which causes infectious bursal disease (IBD), one important immuno-suppressive and fatal disease threatening the poultry husbandry. The naturally occurring reassortants of IBDV induced new risks to disease prevention and control. Here, we reviewed the main types of the genome segments reassortants and intragenic recombination, the inherent mechanism and the biological significances were analyzed, which would give us new insights into the virus genetic evolution research and the disease control strategy.
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